particularly finland. since the winter war in 1940, finland has been getting ready for those kinds of threats from this country that invaded them before. and at least now is implicitly threatening that they might do it again. finland is actually remarkably ready for those threats. in finland, the country maintain secure stockpiles of at least a six month supply of all major food grains, things like oats, and wheat, they also maintain a six month stockpile of all major fuel supplies. they require all pharmaceutical companies and finland to keep secure stockpiles of several months worth of all major imported drugs. every building above a certain size and finland is required to have a bomb shelter. that is on top of a national plan that repurposes underground parking garage, ice rinks, and pools into civilian shelters in the event of an invasion. and the country's capital, in helsinki, they have built 10 million square meters of underground space, underneath helsinki proper. it includes -- it's not just like

finland declared independence from russia in 1917. 1939, the soviet union invaded finland. it was met with fierce resistance. well it would retreat, it kept nearly 10% of finnish territory. after the second world war, finland and the soviet union signed a treaty. the neutrality that came with that has been the basis of finland's military strategy since. now, there is a reassessment. >> finland is not facing an immediate military threat. but, we must look to the future. finland must be repaired for the use, or threat of use of military force against it. >> being prepared may involve being in nato. but, finland knows that brings risk. a recent report to parliament notes this could lead to increased tension on the border between finland and russia, and would move the nato alliance closer to strategically important areas. that is an issue for the russian government. kremlin spokesperson says it would have to rebalance the situation with its own measures if finland and sweden join. he also warned that further expansion would not bring additional security to the european continen

finland, especially finland, are prepared - sweden and finland, especially finland, are prepared for- sweden and finland, especially finland, are prepared for the i finland, are prepared for the confrontation _ finland, are prepared for the confrontation with— finland, are prepared for the confrontation with russia - finland, are prepared for the confrontation with russia for| finland, are prepared for the - confrontation with russia for many years _ confrontation with russia for many years. they've _ confrontation with russia for many years. they've done _ confrontation with russia for many years. they've done it— confrontation with russia for many years. they've done it from - confrontation with russia for many years. they've done it from a - years. they've done it from a position _ years. they've done it from a position of— years. they've done it from a position of neutrality, - years. they've done it from a position of neutrality, but. years. they've done it from a| position of neutrality, but not foreclosing _ position of neutrality, but not foreclosing the _ position of n

he comes from finland. we met him at the platform, loaded with gear, waiting for his train to the front. anatoli: for me, it was the right thing to do as a human being. like, part of the solidarity movement. i strongly feel that i can contribute by going. reporter: he stresses that he is not a risk-taker or a war tourist. in finland, anatoli studies graphic design. but before that, he spent five years working as a finnish army instructor. he wants to share his expertise with the ukrainian national guard. anatoli: they do have the manpower. what they need, in my opinion, is instructors, team leaders, to get people through the pipeline, the training pipeline, and especially with the western weapon systems, how to use them effectively. reporter: in the station, we speak with other foreign fighters, most of whom don't want to be filmed. they come from all over the world, and for very different reasons. they are adventurers, idealists, mercenaries, and former soldiers. we also meet ayik. he tells us that he was

particularly, finland, since the winter war in 1940, finland has been getting ready for those kinds of threats from this country that invaded them before. and at least now is implicitly threatening that they might do it again. finland is remarkably ready for those threats. in finland, the country maintains secure stockpiles of all major good grains, like wheat and oats. and stockpiles of major food supplies and all pharmaceutical companies in finland keep stockpiles of months' worth of drugs. every building is required to a bomb shelter. that's on top of a national plan that repurposes underground parking garage and ice rinks and pools into civilian shelters in the event of invasion. in the country's capital in helsinki, they have built ten million square meters of space underneath helsinki proper. it's an art museum. a church, a huge swimming complex and a mall and a go carting track. you know you might need it. a huge drinking water reservoir. all underground the capital of helsinki for safety. one former defense minister in finland telling "the financial times" how detailed planning

he comes from finland. we met him at the platform, loaded with gear, waiting for his train to the front. anatoli: for me, it was the right thing to do as a human being. like, part of the solidarity movement. i strongly feel that i can contribute by going. reporter: he stresses that he is not a risk-taker or a war tourist. in finland, anatoli studies graphic design. but before that, he spent five years working as a finnish army instructor. he wants to share his expertise with the ukrainian national guard. anatoli: they do have the manpower. what they need, in my opinion, is instructors, team leaders, to get people through the pipeline, the training pipeline, and especially with the western weapon systems, how to use them effectively. reporter: in the station, we speak with other foreign fighters, most of whom don't want to be filmed. they come from all over the world, and for very different reasons. they are adventurers, idealists, mercenaries, and former soldiers. we also meet ayik. he tells us that he was

finland and sweden may “oin. it does look like finland h finland and sweden may “oin. it does look like finland and _ finland and sweden may join. it does look like finland and sweden - finland and sweden may join. it does look like finland and sweden will - finland and sweden may join. it does look like finland and sweden will be l look like finland and sweden will be asked tojoin and an issue is prepared in latejune in madrid, and itjust goes to show how much vladimir putin has miscalculated. remember that well back before the war, he blamed nato for coming too close to his border as the reason for russian unhappiness and that led to this war. what has happened instead is that nato has come even closer to russia's border than before. nato has already significantly increased military capabilities in eastern europe, deployed four more multinational battalions into eastern europe and is considering other ways in which to increase its military presence. two countries that have long been neutral and independent in the case of sweden for over 200 years, are now the decidin

finland seized, finland and sweden see that _ finland seized, finland and sweden see that it— finland seized, finland and sweden see that it does _ finland seized, finland and sweden see that it does not— finland seized, finland and sweden see that it does not work. - finland seized, finland and sweden see that it does not work. it - see that it does not work. it doesn't _ see that it does not work. it doesn't make _ see that it does not work. it doesn't make sense - see that it does not work. it doesn't make sense to- see that it does not work. it doesn't make sense to playl see that it does not work. it - doesn't make sense to play nice with a zealot _ doesn't make sense to play nice with a zealot he's — doesn't make sense to play nice with a zealot. he's acting _ doesn't make sense to play nice with a zealot. he's acting irrationally. - a zealot. he's acting irrationally. he is— a zealot. he's acting irrationally. he is acting _ a zealot. he's acting irrationally. he is acting aggressively. - a zealot. he's acting irrationally. he is acting aggressively. and i. he is acting a

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato was filled with why not? i think it's important to try and avoid honey, but it's also to run for your lifestyle. about the kind of you for amigos of matthew is marcial. of course, the finish government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939 tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's. you're in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now? but she worries about the future. ah, the future

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato was filled with went up. i think it's important to try and avoid honey. but it's also to run free lifestyle. about the advent of youth for amigos, matthew muscle levels. the finish government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939. tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's. you're in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now? but she worries about the future. ah. with modern design

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato was still the point. i think it's important to try and avoid but also the kind of free life that you family does that you may have to deal with not your locals. the finished government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventually this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939. tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's. here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah ah ah, with modern design games

but mal sweden's and finland's heads of government both moved toward nato membership. we have to really think through what is best for sweden and our security and our peace in this new situation. and of course, what is happening and the discussion of finland is important for us to follow. therefore we need to have a very close contact. this is a completely new security situation for finland and sweden until now the countries have been neutral viewing themselves as negotiators between east and west. but the war in ukraine has changed all that, including their attitude to nato are there is no other way to have security guarantees done under nato's deterrence. and common defense ask, aren't it by natives? article 5, the moon has shifted in both countries. more and more people now support nato membership. ve mison walk out on, i've changed my mind over the last month. finland cannot defend itself alone. very among this good of all, it would be safer for us swedes to join. we should do so as quickly as possible. finland plans to decide in the coming weeks. sweden, probably

but mil sweden and finland hands of government, both moved toward nato membership. that's the main question being addressed at today's meeting and stockholm. we have to really think through what is best for sweden and our security and our peace in this new situation. and of course, what is happening and the discussion in finland is important for us to follow. therefore we need to have a very close contact. this is a completely new security situation for finland and sweden until now the countries have been neutral viewing themselves as negotiators between east and west. but the war in ukraine has changed all that, including their attitude to nato are there is no other way to have security guarantees done under nato's deterrence and common defense ass guaranteed by natives. article 5, the moon has shifted in both countries. more and more people now support nato membership. ve mison or god and i've changed my mind over the last month on finland cannot defend itself alone. very eman, yvonne, it would be safer for us weeds to join. we should do so as quickly as possible.

and finland that went along with sweden. enjoy a considerable reputation when he likes we'd not unless we had a major reputation during the call will because it maintain that neutral status. once you are member stage of nature, you know, that means you are a co belligerent and as we see now in your brain, i think a conflict between russia and nato. it's quite likely, i mean, whether it happens now, whether it happens in 2 years time or whatever. i mean it's, it's not something that's very much on the cost that happens then the countries that are in the front line and that will be in finland, the baltic state, sweden, they, they will, they will be in the right of that will. they will be immediately targeted and you know, when, when you're a war, you have to then, you know, go for your immediate target, cut off and basis of their ports. so that in all of those way. so the status that at least you might have enjoyed being outside of a major even even as the most agenda or any kind of the fact that i want to make. but at least y

but mil sweden and finland hands of government both moved toward nato membership. that's the main question being addressed at today's meeting and stockholm we have to really think through what is best for sweden and our security and our peace in this new situation. and of course, what is happening and the discussion in finland is important for us to follow. therefore we need to have a very close contact. this is a completely new security situation for finland and sweden until now the countries have been neutral viewing themselves as negotiators between east and west. but the war in ukraine has changed all that, including their attitude to nato are there is no other way to have security guarantees done under nato's deterrence and common defense as guaranteed by natives . article 5, the moon has shifted in both countries. more and more people now support nato membership. ve mison walk out and i've changed my mind over the last month. walton of finland cannot defend itself alone. very among this good of all. it would be safer for us weeds to join. we should do so as q

one of finland cannot defend itself alone. it will vary among this could. yvonne, it would be safer for us swedes to join, yet we should do so as quickly as possible. finland plans to decide in the coming weeks. sweden, probably by summer, russia says any expansion of nato will have negative consequences. so now here is a round up of some other world news headlines. more than 300 people have died in floods close to the south african city of durban. days of record rainfall have left thousands of homes and critical infrastructure destroyed. the military of helped evacuate residents from the worst affected areas. south african president, 0 rama also visited durbin on wednesday. clashes of broken up between israeli soldiers and palestinian youth after 3 people were killed during raids in the occupied west bank is ready forces have stepped up operations across the west bank in recent days. this follows a spate of killings in his ra, in recent reefs by palestinians. lease in new york have arrested a man suspected of shooting 10 peop

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato would filter the point. i think it's important to try and avoid but also the kind of free life that kind of you. for amateurs, you may have to deal with levels. the finished government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939 tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership, but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah. people and trucks injured one

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato would filter the point. i think it's important to try and avoid but also the kind of free life sat down that kind of you for me does the math to deal with levels. the finished government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventually this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939. tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's. here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah. oh, no. can people insure op

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato was filled with why not? i think it's important to try and avoid honey but also to kind of free life vasta back on you for i'm you go so you may have to deal with muscle levels. the finish government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the way a war of 1939 tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summits. here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah, a modern design

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato was filled with why not? i think it's important to try and avoid honey but also to kind of free life fasta about the kind of you for i'm you go so you may have to deal with muscle levels. the finished government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939. tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's. here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah. a

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato was still the point. i think it's important to try and avoid but also the kind of free life stuff that i've done a few for me just a few minutes to deal with your locals. the finished government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939. tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's. here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah. a war is raging be

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato would filter the point. i think it's important to try and avoid but also the kind of free life that you, for amateurs, you may have to deal with levels. the finished government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939. tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah. ah brighton beach in new york neighbo

so if there's a base in finland. so for example, that sending arms isn't that fair game in this conflict? and then would article 5 be invoked and with other members of nato go along and say, yeah, but you were sending arms. i mean, why should we broaden the conflict article by? it's really a nice bumper sticker until you tried to press on it, george. yes, i, you know you raise an excellent question because it's now clear that the nato powers are co belligerence. i mean, they're, they're openly talking about delivering arms to ukraine. we don't know how much is actually getting in out overnight the was a record of a transport plane hadn't been shut down there on this. so i know that that may be true if true and you wonder why haven't i been more a shot down. but once you article belligerent then i, you know, it is all bets are off. i don't really see why it would be unacceptable. the russians do think it's unacceptable. why it would be an acceptable, the same attack of the military base in poland. that is the that is

finland shares a 1300 kilometer border with russia before finland was proud of its neutrality. now for the 1st time ever, a majority of fin support joining nato would filter the point. i think it's important to try and avoid but also the kind of free life that kind of you for me does the math to deal with levels. the finished government does not want to cause alarm, but the country has gone on high alert. this film reminds the public to be ready for any eventuality. this memorial is dedicated to those who died in what is remembered as the winter war of 1939. tiny finland fought back against the soviet union. despite heavy losses, finland managed to ward off a soviet occupation. joining nato could act as a deterrent. but russia has threatened political and military consequences. finland has not yet applied for nato membership. but there are signs that it's under consideration. finland's foreign minister is a guest at nato summit's. here in helsinki, alina feel safe from what is happening in russia for now. but she worries about the future. ah ah ah, how long can people endure op

my is currently in finland to discuss the impact of putting war with russia's neighbors. mr. stein my attended to parliamentary session after holding talks with his finished counterpart, president saline nice to finland is a set to apply for nato membership in the coming weeks with the majority of fins now in favor of membership in that military alliance since the war in ukraine broke out, your friends president made a video address to the parliament in helsinki, where he issued this stock warning to lawmakers. think you do understand that if the russian are mobile kept the order to invade your country, they will do the same with your country as well. something i don't want you to, which they will do the same what they did in the city of go to your cities as well to the cities of any country. and from all this, i'm now joined buddy w. political correspondent nina has it in helsinki. she's travelling with the german, a president, you know, we heard zalinski there warning with fins. what was his main message? well the ukranian president zelinski, described in a lot of detai

this is a completely new security situation for finland and sweden. until now, the countries have been neutral viewing themselves as negotiators between east and west. but the war in ukraine has changed all that, including their attitude to nato are. there is no other way to have security guarantees done under nato's deterrence. and common defense ask, aren't it by natives? article 5, the mood has shifted in both countries. more and more people now support nato membership. ve mison walk out on, i've changed my mind over the last month on of finland, cannot defend itself alone. very among this good of all, it would be safer for us swedes to join, yet we should do so as quickly as possible. finland plans to decide in the coming weeks. sweden, probably by summer, russia says any expansion of nato will have negative consequences. so his round up now, some of the other stories making headlines around the world. police in new york have arrested a man suspected of shooting 10 people on a subway train on tuesday authority say 62 year old frank. james will fac

and finland. one went along with sweden, enjoying a considerable reputation when he likes we'd not nonetheless, we had a major reputation during the call will because it maintain that so neutral status . once you are member stage of nature, you know, that means you are a co belligerent and as we're seeing now in ukraine, i think a conflict between russia and nato. it's quite likely, i mean, whether it happens now, whether it happens in 2 years time or whatever. i mean it's, it's not something that's very much on the cost that happens. then the countries that are in the front line and that would be, it's been bolding, state, sweden, they, they would, they would be the right of that will, they will be immediately targeted. you know, when you're at war, you have to, you know, go from your immediate target, cut off that basis of their ports. so that in all of those weight. so the status that at least you might have enjoyed being outside of that nature even even as the most agenda or any kind of the fa

a content manager, she comes from finland's south. but she and her husband are hoping to soon move to lapland. they want the children ani and miklas to grow up in the countryside, far away from the city, and spend as much time in the great outdoors as possible. so, they drive from one village to another, looking for the perfect place to live, with as few people as possible. the capital helsinki is not for them. it's far too busy and urbanized even though it's one of europe's greenest capitals and rated as one of the best places to live. that's largely down to the finnish state, which ranks as the biggest source of finnish happiness, alongside nature. frank: it's our institutions, not some secret national characteristics. we have functioning democratic institutions. we have freedom of the press, freedom of expression, free elections and very little corruption. on top of that you have the feel-good package of the welfare state with child benefits, unemployment benefits, pensions. all of that gives people a sense that the state is caring

and finland and went along with sweden. enjoy a considerable reputation. we get to where he likes. we are not unless we had a major reputation during the call will because it maintain that so neutral status . once you are member stage of nature, you know, that means you are a co belligerent and as we see now in your brain, i think a conflict between russia and nato. it's quite likely, i mean, whether it happens now, whether it happens in 2 years time or whatever. i mean it's, it's not something that's very much on the cost that happens then the countries that are in the front line, and that would be in finland. bolding, state, sweden, they, they would, they would be in the right of that will, they will be immediately targeted. and, you know, when you're at war, you have to then, you know, go for your immediate target, cut off and basis of their ports. so that in all of those ways, so the status that at least you might have enjoyed being outside of that nature even even as a general, really kind of the fact that i want to ma

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth, farm island on me. fins are happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have and i and the 4 seasons. yeah. mary, at ward and i got marias o no c and sana, exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. so a lot of office this very the on law. i love sitting by a fire than i'm of. i'm a camp fire, so i'm gazing into the flames on one end, serrado lost us in by stable thought. phyllis as food helped to of course, enjoy ideally by the water. donna hunk of already and her family come here once a week to night, the eating salmon with flame grilled vegetables like lake i can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland. the family's favorite part of the country ah, at thornbury, on moral. we have a lot of resilience, that's something charac

and here with sweden and finland going in, they do so many years, new clarity. and basically this is a lot of the facts female. and the new predicate many years ago, you know, in 1981 after the break up of the service basically as a new russian authority. democratically let the president yeltsin, they came to the fema. so they said we have this be some friendship or making $48.00, you know, they're guaranteed your security and your one year. and the been that, don't you think that, you know, these are when i was just thinking by so people and since the early 9 years have been reached in a way that states that home with us, the same story was basically, you know, the law, 8 years after 2014, the we the conductor together, who need to go, don't so many dangerous seem if you do think even thinking well that's right, that in the garage, some people might see some, you know, some evidence for when it was active or not so much about defending they were about taking any action. so basically, even freeland, we've been doing need to, which i doubt, you know, the summer,

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth, formal island on me. fins are happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have in khaki and the 4 seasons. yeah, mary, at ward and i got marias o no c and sana, exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. satellite office, this, fedex, the online. i love sitting by a fire that i'm up. i'm a camp fire, so i'm gazing into the flames and one in serrado lost us in vice of thought. delicious food helps to of course, enjoy, ideally by the water. santa hunk of audi and her family come here once a week to night there eating salmon with flame, grilled vegetables lake or can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland. the family's favorite part of the country. as soon dory on moral, we have a loss of resilience thought something characteris

are you surprised both sweden and finland are now considering it finland, of course, shares a huge border with russia. what we have to do might these countries, i'm speeding, well not officially, but in general was a part of the not native structures already for decades. when we look at the old plans from the cold war, cold war, in case of a hot war, the americans have then already planned to move all the air force from germany to sweden. because germany would have been the target of nuclear strike from russia. and this was a greet with sweden, so sweden was marliss unofficially already part of nato structures. a friend this is different because there you have many rushes living and you had married tight, a economy ties between russia and finland. i'm living in petersburg of just like 40 cameras for helsinki. and before all these crisis, it was absolutely common that russians went, took to shopping to finland or on a weekend renting a house. somewhere in the swedish lay in a finished lake, i saw these were quite tight countries and i'm surprised by that finland is thinking about sweden do

and finland that went along with sweden. enjoy a considerable reputation. you know, when he likes we'd not unless we had a major reputation during the call will because it maintain neutral status. once you are member stage of nature, you know, that means you are a co belligerent and as we see now in your brain, i think a conflict between russia and nato. it's quite likely, i mean, whether it happens now, whether it happens in 2 years time or whatever. i mean it's, it's not something that's very much on the cost that happens. then the countries that are in the front line and that would be, it's been long bolding, state, sweden, they, they would, they would be in the right of that will, they will be immediately targeted. and you know, when, when your world war you have to then, you know, go for your immediate target, cut off that basis of their ports. so that in all of those ways. so the status that at least you might have enjoyed being outside of that nature. even even as the most the already kind of the fact that i want to m

but mal sweden's and finland's hands of government both moved toward nato membership. that's the main question being addressed at today's meeting and stockholm. we have to really think through what is best for sweden and our security and our peace in this new situation. and of course, what is happening and the discussion in finland is important for us to follow. therefore we need to have a very close contact. this is a completely new security situation for finland and sweden until now the countries have been neutral viewing themselves as negotiators between east and west. but the war in ukraine has changed all that, including their attitude to nato are there is no other way to have security guarantees than under nato's deterrence and common defense as guaranteed by natives . article 5, the moon has shifted in both countries. more and more people now support nato membership the emerson or garden, i've changed my mind over the last month on finland, cannot defend itself alone. it will vary among the skill, yvonne, it would be safer for us swedes to join, yet we should do

what none of finland cannot defend itself alone. a book very m. m is good of all. it would be safer for us swedes to join. yet we should do so as quickly as possible. finland plans to decide in the coming weeks. sweden, probably by summer, russia says any expansion of nato will have negative consequences. so, more than $250.00 people have died in floods close to the south african city of durban days of record rainfall, of less thousands of homes and critical infrastructure destroyed. ministry have helped evacuated residents from the worst effected areas of african presidents. total rum, oppose infinity devin on wednesday. well they w corresponding to other increase told me more betsel and to meet the particular said how many children were affected when pending right now you can see beyond me where the lamp light, it's happening. this was the room of 10 year old. that collapse on her, she passed away. family just told me about it. they obviously devastating and just next to the camera and just shown it is another place that collapse the neighbors plays with grandmot

sweden and finland joining nato would put the nato border just next to finland and looking at sweden, for example, they have been claiming themselves to be a neutral country for centuries. them joining officially and aligning with nato would be a huge deal. tom: thank you for joining us and walking us through the implications of that shift i finland and sweden as both countries seem to look to line up with nato. nonetheless, a significant shift. coming up, investors will be interesting to see if jp morgan, goldman sachs, and morgan stanley will be able to live up to their expectations. we discussed u.s. bank earnings next. this is bloomberg. ♪ tom: welcome back. we are looking at the equity markets across europe. the stoxx 600 up about 0.1%. travel and leisure and consumer products are leading the gains. telecoms, ericsson part of the mix that they missed. energy a little lower. there are some saying that inflation may be peaking ahead of a move into the bond markets. currently on the front end of the curve. let's switch focus to what is happening with the conversations we have been

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth. for melina on me, fins are happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have inc. i k and the 4 seasons are nearly at ward and i got marias o no c and sana, exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. satellite office, this fedex, the online. i love sitting by a fire that i'm up on a camp fire. so i'm gazing into the flames. and one serrado lost us invoice of thought. delicious food helps to of course, enjoyed, ideally by the water santa hunk of audi and her family come here once a week to night. they eating salmon with flame, grilled vegetables, lake or can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland. the family's favorite part of the country. as soon dory on moral, we have a loss of resilience that something characteristic of fins

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth. for melina on me. fins are happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have, and i and the 4 seasons. yeah, mary, at ward and i got marias o no c and sana, exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. satellite office this very the on law, i love sitting by a fire that i'm of, i'm a camp fire, so i'm gazing into the flames. and one un serrado lost us in by style of thought. delicious food health to of course enjoy ideally by the water. la hunker body and her family come here once a week to night, there eating salmon with flame, grilled vegetables like lake or can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland, the family's favorite part of the country. ah, a thornberry on moral. we have a lot of resilience that something characteristic

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth. formal island on may finish the happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have inc. i k and the 4 seasons are nearly at ward and i got maria's o no c in santa. exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. satellite office this very the on law, i love sitting by a fire that i'm up on a camp fire. so i'm gazing into the flames. and modern serrado lost us in by style of thought. delicious food health to of course enjoy ideally by the water on our hunker body and her family come here once a week to night. they eating salmon with flame, grilled vegetables like lake or can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland, the family's favorite part of the country. ah, if thornbury on moral, we have a lot of resilience that something characte

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth, formal island on me. fins are happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have in khaki and the 4 seasons. yeah, mary, at ward and i got marias o no c and sana, exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. so a lot of office this fedex, the on law. i love sitting by a fire and i'm of, i'm a camp fire, so i'm gazing into the flames and one. and so our last us in bicycle thought delicious food helped to of course, enjoyed, ideally by the water santa hunk of audi and her family come here once a week to night they eating salmon with flame, grilled vegetables, lake or can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland, the family's favorite part of the country. as so larry on moral, we have a loss of resilience. that's something characteris

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth, farm island on me. fins are happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have and i and the 4 seasons are nearly at ward and i got marias o no c and sana, exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. satellite office this very the on law, i love sitting by a fire that i'm a from a camp fire. so i'm gazing into the flames. and what an serrado lost us in by stable thought. phyllis as food helped to of course, enjoy ideally by the water. donna hunk of already and her family come here once a week to night there eating salmon with flame grilled vegetables like lake or can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland. the family's favorite part of the country ah, at thornbury, on moral. we have a loss of resilience that something characteri

but for years one country has topped the standings. finland. what is it that makes the fin so happy? ah, ah, fell tree rhythms. snow covered hills. most people in finland appear very happy with their lives up in the far north. in fact, they said to be the happiest people on earth. normal island on me, fins are happy because of the beautiful landscape that we have and i and the 4 seasons are nearly at ward and i got marias o no c and sana, exactly what comes to mind when you think of finland. satellite office this very the on law, i love sitting by a fire that i'm of. i'm a camp fire, so i'm gazing into the flames. and one and serrado lost us in by stable thought. phyllis as food helped to of course, enjoy ideally by the water. la hunker body and her family come here once a week to night, there eating salmon with flame, grilled vegetables like lake or can yet be as close to the lapland border in the far north of finland, the family's favorite part of the country. ah, a thornberry on moral. we have a lot of resilience that something characteristi

guy: finland has fought wars against russia. finland has a long border with russia. threat. there are many reasons for it. finland has been quick to take big security decisions during historic moments. we declared independence in 1917 from russia in the middle of the bolshevik revolution. we expected peace from stalin in 1944. there are areas in finland where my areas -- where my grandparents and dad were born. when the soviet union collapsed we immediately applied for eu worship. for the russians, we have been in an intimate part of the west for the better part of third or years or so. were not worried about a threat, really. there is a little bit of hyperbole in international media at the moment. i would like to tone it down and relax. we know it we are doing. don't worry about us. we are ok. kriti: i would like to talk about cybersecurity. russia is seen as an expert when it comes to cyberattacks potentially. what is finland doing in terms of cybersecurity? alex: we have been preparing for that for a few decades, not only by having a cyber center. i remember from my eight

they share a 1300 kilometers border finland on it. sorry. yes. and i just declared independence from, from russia in 1917. and since then they've kind of while they have known a line status, agreed to stay neutral, but they have drawn closer to nato. they've been nato partners without being full members. and what has happened and what, what is basically at the roots of all of this is the observation of the plight of ukraine. lots of 4 words for president lensky and ukraine. weapons being supplied, but no support in the sense of support that would be if, if you, craig, was a nato member, know article 5 support. the defense of attack against one isn't an attack against all. and so sweet and, and finland and i'm looking at the situation and looking at that close proximity to russia and feeling rather vulnerable. and so this white paper that will go through the finished parliament in the coming weeks will be decided upon we expect somewhere around midsummer, said the prime minister could pay the way for an application for nathan membership by finland

let's talk about, given finland's history and so-called finlandization of that country through the years, sweden obviously becoming a member of nato would be dramatic, but just talk about how significant finland's entrance into nato would be for the alliance. >> it would be very, very significant because finland and sweden are extraordinarily capable militaries. they have long had during the cold war a posture of armed neutrality, not unarmed neutrality. and for last 30 years they've continued to build up their militaries very significantly. they have been close partners aligned with nato in a series of military operations from afghanistan to libya to the balkans. they know how to operate within nato. their weapons are compatible. their command and control structure allows for easy communication between swedish and finnish forces and nato. and, of course, now, if they become nato, not only nato needs to defend them but they will need to defend nato countries, including the baltic countries, which are very exposed to the possibility of a russian advance. finland, of course, is just a hop

atte harjanne, member, parliament of finland joining us here in finland. this debate kicks off today. the government said we need to come to a resolution, it is not months but weeks. the idea is that by june, there is already an important nato summit scheduled. it is history in the making in real time. dani: fascinating conversation, strong words. finland and sweden are sovereign nations, they make their own decision. coming up, subscription canceled. netflix plunges 25% after hours, losing customers for the first time in a decade. and it signals more pain ahead. this is bloomberg. ♪ dani: welcome back to "bloomberg daybreak: europe." i'm dani burger in london. manus cranny is in dubai. netflix saw the platform lose subscribers for the first time in a decade. shares plummeted in after hours trading with the forecast for the current quarter remaining bleak. laura wright has been digging through the results. it seems like a big disappointment to the market. laura: not as disappointing as manus found the series. they are facing a trio of headwinds from econ

i'm wondering if that applies to finland. sec. kirby: that is where you your -- you are getting into hypotheticals. i'm not saying we don't take threats seriously. of course we do. i'm not going to speculate about another threat to another nation, certainly a non-nato nation. i'm not going to go there now. reporter: if i recall with some precision for answer, it was that the u.s., the pentagon doesn't plan for everything, and he seemed to quite clearly rule out that you had any plans to assist finland or sweden against threats. so, let me not make it hypothetical. do you need to actually rule out that the defense department has -- you said you have no active plans. i do believe those were your words. are you ruling out -- are you saying the defense department has no active plans to assist finland and sweden if other -- either of those countries called you up this afternoon and said you need help? you have no plans? you have nothing? sec. kirby: come on now. that would require -- you are -- there has been no such request from finla

neither are you surprised both sweden and finland are now considering joining up finland, of course. sure is a huge border with russia as well. i think that the personal corruption of politicians, politicians go further than the interests of the countries. i think they're so well about going into the international networks, politicians that they don't, they're not following what their networks. so one of them, i think this is the main issue of this thing and that's what we see in many, many of our countries too in some country at. busy really change like in pakistan and other countries, it goes smoothly like in they all strands on where people are much more opening to these networks. russia said it'll need to rebalance security, see if the countries join nato. what do you think that would mean in practice? are we looking at a potential nuclear standoff here? how serious could this potentially get? yes, we are. we are facing to a new cold war and there are many forces within the ne, do who desired this cold war for ages already donald trump wanted to eliminate the nature because of th