the story of washington the farmer is the story of washington made slaver farming and enslaved labor were inseparable to washington throughout his entire life as a farmer and he once wrote that he didn't like to even think about slavery let alone write about it or talk about it, but in fact he thought about slavery all the time and he thought about it and wrote about it in terms of his management of the enslaved agricultural labor at at his own estate and it's there in that record that you can see both the change in attitude and also the record of his daily interactions with the enslaved laborers who means supervised and control and then finally when washington does ultimately decide to search for some way to emancipate the enslaved people. he controls the only record we have of that process and thought process is through his record of farming and israel organization of mount vernon. it is here this example of this document of washington made in 17909 toward the end of his life. he gave a detailed description of various enslaved laborers at mount vernon this documents only in the las

that is washington. he would just think about things and it had a lot to do with how our cultures have changed. we are in the twitter world where things, no one has any kind of ability to concentrate on anything. washington had this incredible ability to dial up the static and figure out the most important thing for me to do. that is incredibly in any age but it gets back to his lack of formal education. this is a guy who as a young surveyor spent countless nights out there in the wilderness just thinking. that is how he got through the revolution and would be a big part of his presidency. >> to sit under his fig tree and thing, you would think it would be all great but it is not. you have this scene of him thinking in mount vernon towards the end when he is troubled. talk to us about that. what is he troubled about? >> guest: throughout three books about the revolution i kept wanting washington to have a high five moment where he said yes, i did it. it never comes. never gets that sense of satisfying ac

powel in samuel sent washington some seeds. washington actually philadelphia. they very much had a fun friendship. it notes that in his diary. the definitely was advantageous for both of them they really did connect on a very personal level. and that is definitely -- what i do want to talk about sight when the howls came to mount vernon to see the washington's just after the constitutional convention in 1787. the washington's went back to mount vernon and the powel's made the decision to visit elizabeth sister, mary welling bernard, down -- those familiar with revolutionary history might recognize the name william break the surge. he committed suicide in 1787. mary burke was left to run this large monte shun. elizabeth and her sister were close. they were making their trip down to visit her. they ended up stopping at mount vernon for four days. samuel, on the trip down, kept a really amazing travel journal that is very cool to trace how a couple would've traveled through maryland, delaware, virginia. they stay at gatsby's tavern, which is pretty cool. they arri

hamilton and washington team of. marshall finds the great joseph story and they were particularly well when they combined north and south. in particular, massachusetts and gina. marshall is virginia, story is massachusetts. think about the other virginia massachusetts teams. rhetorically, james otis for massachusetts and patrick kennedy from virginia. the president and vice president will be george washington and john adams and to work together 1776 so jefferson and adams avenue and massachusetts person. adams is vice president, originated to thomas jefferson. one of jefferson's vice president is a massachusetts guide and also one of madison's so the north and south think of massachusetts and virginia is important so the answer to your question, he's the last founder, he strengthened the judiciary, he's a washington man, a hamilton man, continental list and find a partner from another region. they story together and makee an impressive team. just as washington hamilton do just as madison and jefferson do not think it

henry payne, not washington. the level of partisanship in the 17 90s is comparable to what we are facing in washington now, okay? the press, and avalon, you have to listen to this. there was no rules for the press. all the news fit the print. washington stands firmly against that whole thing. he thinks if you have any problems, you can just vote me out in the next election. but the level of partisanship in the newspapers in the 17 90s's scatological. and washington really can't understand it. he just doesn't understand it. and i think he is hurt by it. i think that he survives the french and indian war, he should have been killed when he was a young man. he should have been killed several times in the course of the war for independence. he wasn't even wounded. but they wounded him in his second term. they really got to him. and he couldn't wait to get out of there. i know we want to move into the discussion of his attitude towards political partisanship. i think the context is what i described in this specific le

the story of washington of farmer is the story of washington in the flavor. and slaved labor and farming were inseparable throughout his entire life. he once wrote that he did not like to even think about slavery, let alone write about it or talk about it. in fact he thought about slavery all the time. he thought about it and wrote about it in terms of his management of the enslaved agricultural labor at his own estate. it is there in that record that you can see both a change in attitude but also the record of his daily interactions with the enslaved labor that he supervised and controlled. finally, when washington does ultimately decide to quote, search for some way to emancipate the enslaved people he controls the on the record we have of that process, the process, is through his record of farming and his reorganization of mount vernon. it is here, this example, this document washington may it 7 to 99, towards the end of his life, he gave a detailed description of enslaved labor in mount vernon. this document has only come to light in the last ten years. i

washington helps decide which buildings would go into it. washington, washington, washington. it is his new york obsession. it was a great selection. educated. most importantly for washington. he shared washington's vision of a romanesque grand capital with a large boulevard speared brilliantly designing for capital. turning out to be more difficult than he was working. hit both happened the same time. next slide. >> here is the capital city which you all recognize today. running diagnose horizontal next to the river is the national mall that we all recognize today you can see the great squares and grant boulevard speared the names for the state speared they are inspired by rome and in part by paris. even though he would be fired, it is his design to define this great city today. next slide. >> washington not only picked a foreigner, but he picked an irishman. also well educated and designed you to for buildings in charleston south carolina. they built what they refer to as a presidential palace. they run into construction problems and funding problems. there is good and bad n

this becomes another representation of washington service through his embrace of the plow how washington is also associated with the plow when he resigns as the president in 1797 washington's surrendering the symbols of power -- with his left hand he gestures in waiting for him at mount vernon's the plow with the yoke of oxen. as these themes and images suggest washington, after 1783 is effectively farming on the public stage. he is closely being watched by both europeans and americans. celebrating is washington with a plow. a farmer doing the public good. the notion of the public that frames many of the expectations of washington as a farmer he places greater emphasis on the specific benefits of the agricultural improvements he introduces. those expectations also frame his new reckoning with slavery throughout the years following the revolutionary war. it is here in his life as a farmer more than in any other dimension of his life that we can discern how washington ultimately confronted the paradox of slavery and freedom that runs throughout the founding period. in this form we can find

that was not washington. but that was some of the people around him. >> absolutely. >> talk to us about how he fit in on that. >> lincoln did not invent a cabinet of a team of rivals. i think you can look to washington doing that. because he brought aboard, the two most brilliant people in america that time. alexander hamilton as his financial -- treasury secretary. as smart as anyone, eloquent, but also a numbers guy, and there was no one like him. but he also brought in thomas jefferson. a fellow virginian who had been an absolute disaster as a wartime governor, basically saying, i cannot do this, and abandoned the state at the worst of times. but also a brilliant man. this is the guy who wrote the declaration of independence. he had spent the last five years as minister to france. so what he thought -- he had not participated in the constitutional convention, but his good friend james madison had, and he was a supporter of it. he actually worked in concert with hamilton in promoting the constitution. so, w

washington sent him the draft. washington kept madison's first draft. and he insisted that the final includes paragraphs in the beginning. and it was a shot across the bow. washington was anticipating that madison and jefferson would be critical of this address. somehow, they would paint the address as an attempt to garner more power for the executive. so by including those paragraphs, drafted by madison, he was basically saying you knew about the farewell address. you participated in the drafting of the farewell address. so keep your mouth shut. it was very intentional, very savvy. and sure enough, madison was not publicly critical of the addresses. >> very briefly, i think the reason he picked hamilton is because hamilton of the most experience throughout seven years of the war, when he was writing jefferson. when you read the general orders which are boring as heck throughout the 17 70s, they are signed by washington, but he didn't write them. most of those are written by hamilton or one of his other aides. but he called, hand man. washington was ins

washington is demanding. the country returns to the pac name, the joint comprehensive plan of action, which the us itself quit under president trump. we have imposed sanctions on entities trading in iranian petroleum and petro chemicals. we will keep using our authorities to target wrong exports of these products until iran is ready to return to full implementation of its commitments under a mutual return to the jcp away. american studies professor at the university of iran food is the believe, the idea of sanctioning around for a deal about the u. s. as we mentioned, quit itself signifies the current chaos amid washington's political it you know, the united states has an eviction on sanction. and they have been sanctioning iraq and for the last for the years. so you don't, hasn't been surviving. and there's sanctions prospering under sanctions, ad man says in sciences and in different fields of providing services of the people here are quite extensive. and sooner or later, as the american official realize th

we look at what is happening in washington. the president of the united states shakes hands with the empty air. that ain't normal. if you look at what is happening in washington, everything is going wrong. we got out of control inflation, the cost of everything is going through the roof. the cost of food, the cost of electricity, through the roof. the cost of health care, the cost of gasoline, through the roof. it's so bad, antifa can't afford bricks. [laughter] it is so bad eric can afford chinese dinners. it is so bad, it is so bad that aoc can afford for can cuffs -- can't afford fake handcuffs. [applause] we have crimes of skyrocketing across the country, murder, rates going up, carjacking rates going up, chaos at the southern border, the worst illegal immigration we have seen in 62 years. as bad as the domestic and economic policy has been, the foreign policy is even worse. every single region on earth has gotten worse. every enemy of america is stronger. it's so bad we sent to nancy pelosi to taiwan and they were happy. [

your front row seat to washington anytime anywhere. s. richard weitz joins us now. he serves at the hudson institute talking about the first anniversary of the taliban taking over the afghanistan. but first, could you talk about the hudson institute? guest: it is one of several independent research organizations located primarily in washington focusing on international policy questions and how to include the u.s. response. it was set up after world war ii and the initial question of interest was we have now seen use of nuclear weapons for the first time, will they be used again? what does that mean for international politics. what questions do we need to address? it is evolved over time with different focuses. sometimes domestic politics, sometimes foreign policy. we have been focused a lot on china. hudson is divided into several centers. my center focuses a lot on the great power relations, i've a book coming out on the russia /china relations. the iran negotiations, korean nuclear weapons. other centers focus on different areas of policy. host: hudson.org. and a

but i think it was a part of washington -- washington was hugely ambitious. and he was playing the longest of games. it was posterity. he didn't have to have the power now because he wanted to be remembered in future generations. and, that's a deep game. most of us want it now. we don't have enough faith in the future or in ourselves to do the right thing because it is right. so i think with washington, yes, he is doing it for all the right reasons. yet, there's a part of him. i'm not saying he is manipulative, but there is a part of him that knows, well, you know, if i want to come off the way off i come off, i need asked -- people to ask me to do it. >> all that experience in the revolution that you wrote about so well played a long game. he's not winning battles, but he is staying alive. and he's playing a sort of rope a dope strategy with the british on staying one step ahead of them, waiting for his moment, basically waiting for the french to arrive. but, whatever, you know. he stays alive. and it's just incredible patience when all the others wanted to

washington helped survey the land. washington helped raise money. washington helps to decide what the things would go on as the washington, it's his pet project. it is his near obsession. washington takes l'enfant which was a great selection. l'enfant was educated and most importantly for washington he shared washington's vision ever romanesque grand capitol with public squares filled with monuments and memorials. he did not like jefferson's vision of a small federal town. l'enfant does washington's bidding and brilliantly designed the capitol. unfortunately l'enfant told washington it turns out to be more difficult. some suggested he was fired another city quit. they both happen at the same time so the answer is all of the above. here's the image of l'enfant's capital city which you'll recognize today. running diagonally and horizontal mixed with atomic river is the national mall. we all recognize it today. you can see the great squares and the grand boulevards that intersect names of the states and so forth and so on. l'enfant is fired -- inspired

in washington's handwriting and she writes to washington and this is very much. they're funniest exchange. she says that she's found a bundle of love letters from a woman written in the most solemn sanction and she teases him and and says that she doesn't open them, but she she wants him to know that she has them and then she very quickly goes. i'm just kidding. they're from martha washington and so it's a very cute cute little exchange and that's the same letter where she's very poignant about using the desk, but then washington writes back so after he got to mount vernon is when he got the letter from her so he ends up he ends up writing her back and he actually also writes to her he said as he promised he writes her a detailed description of his trip back to mount vernon. so she very much wanted to know how he was how he was doing how the roads were etc, etc. but at the beginning of the letter he he very much acknowledges her funny little quit about finding a bundle of love letters and he says something about how oh, that would make him nervous if he had any l

you do washington, right? how many volumes of washington papers are there? there are 50 volumes. you can go through all of. that. it's insane. so the other question, what was it a question! what was like to be in france? so, i am in paris. i lived not too far from the hotel --, not too far from--. i was able to go and take my laptop. right chapters in the places that i was writing about, right? the atmosphere, the feel of it. i'm a great believer in the power of inhabiting spaces, where the history actually happened. when we used to these tours, hopefully, covid may go away at some point we detours again. i would take people out to the battlefield at cannes in italy, which is just a field, right? but just to be in that place is a special thing. i think that it did... if i wrote the book in the united states, i think it would've been very good. i think the fact that i wrote it in paris, in the places of these things are actually happening, i just think that it gave the pros, gave me, gave... there is a sensuality to what i'm describing but doesn't exist if i'm not there i love wha

that was the phrase they used read washington is not a radical man. he made clear any had proposals that he had received and asked the people he trusted most, john j knox, madison of the type of central government that they wanted. the central government had a two house legislature, not a one house like the confederation. the un like everybody sense of representative. the states are paying sovereignty. he says i will only go if it could be a fundamental transformation. madison spent most of the two months before going to philadelphia living at mount vernon. he didn't have other things per he stayed at mount vernon and he worked on these ideas at mount vernon talking with washington. they went in with the pretty clear idea wasn't just madison washington and franklin the first person who visits when he goes to philadelphia. he said we have to be on the same wavelength with the two most respected people nationally, the other two national heroes we have to work at the same wavelength. >> they came and franklin as you know had met and had a regular weekly

it's aging expands the activity in washington's backyard with as very one. welcome to you, this is auntie international. with the latest world news update, it's great to happy with. now we start with iraq where at least 30 people have reportedly been killed and i was 700 injured and clashes between protest is andel forties and the green zone of baghdad. oh, put us to the government offices on monday and supportive leading opposition, shia cleric mc tonda on santa renounced his final were time and from politics. a power struggle in the country. earlier on tuesday, the clerical support is to leave the streets within an hour. of course, coming from bog down that people have started to disperse. the unrest begun as our thought as follows. storms, the republican palace, the key meets in plays, but with rocky heads of state on foreign dignitary units of the regular iraqi army have been deployed across the fact that the states for using live rates and pick out to dispense the crowd. the latest unrest response when canada, i'm sorry, now he's quoting political life

so she gets to washington in 1890 and 1890 washington was gilded age booming. it was a really interesting place to reinvent yourself if that's what you wanted to do, and she did so she didn't have any money, but she had social status and she had enough of a sort of veneer of sophistication that she was at the opera all the time and she met interesting people and she learned to be fashionable and she became what she thought she wanted to be and she ended up marrying a man named norman galt her sister. her sister's husband's cousin picture, please. this picture is from this time period i love this picture because she's so confident. she's so beautiful. she's so just owning who she is and i think of and this is from the 1890s. this is edith becoming herself getting out of her little appalachian town and becoming herself on her own. to a large degree as mary said if she were a man this would be a very different story including the up by your bootstraps, you know american dream that she would have been given credit for if she were a man so she's shown that she can g

so boyfriend washington was a federalist like we'll send and george washington indeed. just talking about the 11th amendment bush rod called sacrifice to state pride. he wasn't a big fan because he was more interested in asserting national authority as they kind of important structural protection for liberty. you know, it's while bush roy washington did study under james wilson. you have to say that george washington was probably a far more important influence on bush rod simply by virtue of his family leadership as well as just the fact of many years of kind of close interaction between them correspondence that really began it when bush rod was set up with james wilson by george washington george, washington page james wilson's princely some that someone described it that he demanded to be bushrod's mentor, but in other words, it's hard to imagine bush rod washington taking a much different philosophy toward the constitution then george washington or would have taken some of very incredible intellectual independence and fortitude maybe to do that. so i think that he th

jefferson, washington. both of these men depended for all of their building and all of their intellectual activity upon this trait, with which you are familiar. it saw saw -- slaves were brought to the caribbean and ultimately to north america, from where other grids were exported in this very famous triangle trade. which the plantations of jefferson, washington, and others cannot be disassociated, despite the fact that architecturally, the references that they make are to this classical tradition, as filtered through palladio in the 16th century. jefferson also refer to the classical tradition in his own design for his tomb monument, which you see here. it is an obelisk form that was devised first by the ancient egyptians, and then used again throughout antiquity, where he wanted to be known for his author-ing of the declaration of in american independence, of the statute of religious freedom, and as father of the university of virginia. these he saw as his major accomplishments to be inscribed on his monu

washington internalize that. one of the reasons the senate has a six-year term is supposedly to make them more likely to vote in the long term interest of the public it's the most partisan portion of the government now. i will shut up but public, public, public he represents them. >> he mentioned the aurora and i know you wanted to say something very quick so one quick thing i want to sort of highlights when joe was talking about how personally wounded washington was that was really quite intentional on the part of the newspaper editors. the editor of the aurora would deliver three copies of his newspaper every day to the front steps of the president's house. even though washington is not a subscriber. he did so intentionally to get under washington skin. we know it works because he rants and raves about in cabinet and jefferson took careful notes. this political warfare in the partisan or wound they were trying to inflict was quite intentional. >> let's get a taste of washington on parties and we can further exp

i think madison did and washington. washington very clearly said, i am not going unless i am confident, i'm not going to that convention, even though i have been picked by virginia to go, i am not going unless i am confident they have power to make radical decisions. that was a phrase he used. he is not a radical man. he made clear and he had proposals in, that he had received, he had asked the people that he trusted most, john j knox, madison, all sent him drafts of the type of central government they wanted. the central government always had a two house legislation, like a un. everybody sends a representative. they are not by each state. and the states retain sovereignty. he says i will only go if it can be a fundamental transformation. and madison spent most of the months before going in philadelphia, living at mount vernon. he did not have a wife then. and he stayed at mount vernon. he worked on these ideas at mount vernon. talking with washington. and so they went in with a pretty clear idea. it was not just madiso

she goes to washington in 1890. in 1890, washington was gilded age booming. it was an interesting place to reinvent yourself that is what you wanted to do, and she did. she did not have any money but she had social status and she had enough of a veneer of sophistication that she was at the opera all the time, she met interesting people and learn to be fashionable she became what she thought she wanted to be. and she ended up marrying a man named norman. her sisters husband's cousin. and, next picture plays. this picture is from this time period. i love this picture because she is so confident and beautiful. she is just owning here she is. i think of, and this is from the 1890s, this is eight of becoming herself. getting out of her little appalachian town and becoming herself. on her own, to a large degree. as mary said, if she were a man this would be a very different story. including the apply her boot straps american dream that she would have been giving credit for if she were a man. she has shown that she can grab an opportunity. she has shown that she can

met mary ball washington. i think that is really cool when i was looking through the travel journal we have an excerpt of it a mount vernon but i found the full travel journal and i thought, wow! yet another connection that they have so yes, yes he does described friends and family. >> tammy again, did elizabeth ever right to fanny basset and major george augustan washington? no, she does not write to them directly. she talks about george agustin washington actually when they are at mount vernon samuel does but then elizabeth writes to martha, after they have come back to mount vernon from philadelphia and she asked how viennese doing. i believe we said something briefly about george augusta washington. he actually passed away when elizabeth was having her 50th birthday party. so the washington's could not attend that birthday. so yeah, she did know who they were. the writtenhouse clock in the all right, cynthia miller again. all right! could you also talk about the written house clock in the house and its sig

good night from washington. >> corporate funding for washington week is provided by -- >> for 25 years, consumer cellular has been offering no contract plans designed to help people do more what they like. our customer service team can help find the plan that fits you. to learn more, visit consumer cellular. >> additional funding is provided by the foundation, committed to bridging cultural differences in our communities. rose herschel and andy shreeves. robert and susan rosenbaum. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] vincent: oh. oh. reporter 1: a dangerous virus is spreading rapidly inside the us. officials are very worried that it could come here. china has more than 200 confirmed cases of coronavirus, it's called, which produces pneumoa-like symptoms. three people have already died... play. [jazz music] i

s. government have is a, he's a lead role in the killing of a washington. she a rival in 2003 in the wake of the american invasion and occupation of his country, mac canada also went on to record. with some dumbing criticism of washington, bush reportedly said that his picture will be hung in every iraqi house. no, my dear, your picture is now under iraqi. the popularity the united states is diminishing day by day if not every 2nd. we reject the presence of the american army or even the awnings by the us forces we reject them. we do this as an active occupation. what if we could discuss the ongoing events we're joined now live by sarah found us as long as the co director of the international action center many thanks for joining us on the program. really appreciate your time now. 100 to the streets, optimal caught our saw the announce his resignation is a very passionate and very loyal supporters. obviously, why do you think he has so much influence and support from the iraqi people? well, montana al sana has always focused on the real problem facing iraq,

washington's aspiration was to make a residence. but a residents that also had a public aspect to it. it was supposed to be more than just a house was supposed to be the house somebody of some importance. oops, and hopefully yep. there we go. okay, so the other place where it would have appeared. is in this building the governor's palace? at williamsburg colonial capital, which of course washington would have known. where the the this cupola signaled the presence of an important residents president, so wasn't just a house. it was the governor's palace and so he seems to echo this echo that feature in the design of this house. but in other respects, he really is placing some distance between himself. and this colonial monument, which is something that jefferson who was educated in williamsburg also did they were attempting to establish a language for american architecture. that was neoclassical it drew uncertain british examples, but it was really trying to create a distance. from the colonial architecture of that pre-revolutionary p

he has immense respect for washington trees washington's first biographer. and has an interest back for hamilton a brilliant lawyer and marshall used the hamilton's legal idea about the bank and many other things. and one other thing he does, he is a national speaker also can be a good listener. i talked about l relationships between some of the founders jefferson and madison adams makes enemies he teams up only with abigail he first hates thomas hutchinson. and then he's going to feud with hamilton even though hamilton was trying to help them in various ways. he starts off friendly with jefferson t but then they become rivals. teams are important pre-jefferson and madison teamje up. hamilton and washington team up. and marshall finds a team make the great joseph. on the teams in america at work particularly well when they combined north and south. in particular massachusetts and virginia. so marshall is virginia story is massachusetts. think about all the other, virginia, massachusetts teams rhetorically james otis from massachusetts and patrick henry from

state back to washington, d. c., to go to college. i remember one night, close to midnight, going to the memorial over there. and i was just in our, stood there and thought about all of the things he had accomplished and what a great president he was, and he absolutely does deserve to be number one. a great person. lucky to be there, lucky to be there. that is what i wanted to say. >> it