what did congress really do? what it shows is that there are a lot of really good challenges on the home front. by turning the american economy into a giant war machine. congress really was the place where we figured out how to work through these difficulties. the massive inflation, the rationing. that is really something in the bones of america, the need to see what the government is doing as fair. not just as right or wrong, but fair. congress was the one religious worker the difficult issues. our going to deal with the challenges caused the inflation? how are we going to make sure that the military isn't heading war profiteering? they therefore got the american people to trust the war effort much more. host: and how were they able to do that? guest: right. ". that is the central virtue of multiple congress. congress has many members and they can openly fight with each other. sometimes that sounds scary to people. sounds like everyone should just figure out a way to get along. we are all americans, we should so

you also outline ways steps where congress steps that congress can take. one is the filibuster. one is one is the debt. you have eight worthy efforts. can you kind of show us or tell some of those eight worthy efforts that they need to take to overcome where we are now? and are you hopeful? are you optimistic? i mean, there are days when i am when i see i don't see any hope the congress is going to is ever going to get out of this cycle. well, i'm not as pessimistic as you are. i think there are ways to get out of it, but it's it's going to be a long effort, a long, long term effort. what's a worthy step? well, these were the efforts that i've discussed in here really are more history. i talked about the different things that we tried to during the 30 years i was there in the senate and things that got in the way, the impediments i discussed five impediment is that that got in the way us doing what we needed do or should have done in some of these areas. take climate change for an example, congress has not even yet, even though we've passed a significant bill, congress passed a

our focus is congress. thgh lot of other people use our materials like journalists, members of the public, students and our focus is really climate change. we started out environmental a energy and in 1988 our board board of dectors decided climate chan w the topic that would drive all our work. today we provide all sorts of resources. this is just a snapshot of some of tm. we do briefings like this. probably our highest profile things we do. we cover all sorts of issues in briefings. for example, in december, the last briefing of the year we did was about cops 27. we did what we call the recops we where we had experiments come in and help congressional staff understand what had just happened in egypt and why that was important. we are here today doing climate camp, we also do a lot of writing, the best way to keep up with our materials is to sign up for our biweekly newsletter, climate change solutions. articles, fact sheets, podcasts, we try to come up with all sorts of materials that are widely and easil

, but future congresses as well. reporter: there's acrimony in congress. we've seen it play out in many of these committee hearings, where members are calling each other names. i spoke with congresswoman omar as a back drop against this. with the acrimony between republicans and democrats right now, how account american people be confident you'll be able to get things done? mr. mccarthy: because this is nothing like the last congress where you move somebody from all committees. this is nothing like the last congress where you have a speaker that tells republicans they can't even be on committees. this is nothing like the last congress where they would deny the rights for bills to even go through committee. this is nothing like the last congress where you never had an open rule. so let's just judge the few weeks we've had now to the last congress. this is the first time in seven years any bill has come to the floor in an open rule. almost a decade since that has come -- a bill has come to the floor that's not an appro

the congress and more of an address to the american people from the congress. the house of representatives becomes in many ways a really cool television set for presidents to directly address. the american people, which is a very different interpretation of the state of the union than what we find in the constitution and what early presidents expected. so johnson as was his wont you know formalizes this by moving the speech into prime time. if it's going to be a speech where you're directly to the people, why not do it when most of them can watch. on this, which was my home, i stirred by old friendships. tho total agreement between the executive and the congress is impossible. total respect is important. now we know a lot about president johnson. of course, you know, those are those are significant words. he actually did mean respect for him and his office and his policy proposals. right. interestingly that state of the union is delivered in january of 1969. that's his final and just a short time before richard nixon would take the oath of office as president.

congress can do two things during the 118th congress. we can investigate and as long as the investigations are transparent and did not fishing expeditions, i think shedding light on some of the obligations is important to the american people. at the big power is the power of the purse. i came from montana and we said we are going to curb spending because inflation is killing everybody. it robs everyone. we need to curb spending and appropriations. you can look at things in areas and reprioritize. i am excited about the 118th congress. it is good to be back on the front line. when people ask me why would you ever run? i spent most of my adult life fighting for this country as a navy seal and i think our country is in trouble, and it is, and we all feel that. for me not to go back to the front line, i am here and i am an optimist. i think we can fix it. >> remind our viewers when you last served in these holes? >> i came in in 2014, at single at large congressman and then i was in the trump administration as secretary of interior. then i t

and technology modernization over the past few years congress must continue making investments because sophisticated criminal enterprises seek the vulnerabilities in the state agencies to keep pace. in conclusion the pandemic combined to a critical lifeline for workers, families and communities and in the nation's economy of the committee will recognize the tremendous value to work together to find meaningful solutions with the problems of identity fraud that has undermined the effectiveness. thank you. >> the chair recognizes the gentle lady from ohio. >> this is the first committee hearing and on a bipartisan basis find ways to strengthen i truly want to work with my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to make life better for all constituents including mine back in back home in ohio. i want to share some real life stories of people in ohio who have benefited from some of the lifesaving pandemic relief programs we are discussing today. here is an example. "i was laid off on march 132020 even though it took a month to receive my unemployment benefits i am so thankful. without them my

this is his first act as a member of congress. his first act as a member of congress. what does he have to say in his first act as a member of congress? finally, one less gavel in pelosi's house for paul to fight with in his underwear. violence, an attack on someone who is north of 80 and almost beaten to death is no joking matter. that's sanctioning violence. that's his first act as a member of congress. where's the accountability? there is no accountability. it doesn't exist. it's a double standard. cory mills -- cory mills was placed on the very same foreign affairs committee that they're about to throw ilhan omar off. facts don't matter with this extreme maga republican majority. hypocrisy is not a constraint to their behavior. and shamelessness, they believe, is a superpower, and that will all be exposed for the american people. reporter: just to clarify two things, then. are you saying that the -- your vote for that was not related to any anti-semitic comments? and then second, are you saying that cory mills is the one that should not be serving on committees? mr

you could establish a fix congress congress. people will self select. it is easier to engage on these issues when people want to improve the situation. in the interim between expiration of this committee and the new committee popping up. the challenges you know, that's , only as good as the members of the caucus are committed to the work of the caucus, right? so you almost want to make sure that there's either want to staff it. you know, either either want to have members actually put some go up to higher uh, someone to run the show or dedicate a certain amount of their staff time to the work of that. i don't know. i don't know your reaction to that. and again, i am curious if we set up something like that. does that make more likely the continued engagement of the cohort? >> i think uh, let me just take , a step back for a minute because the cohort is an interesting mix of of the 45 organizations, there are some um who can lobby, there are some who can't, so um, some of those who can't provide. i just, i want to give you this background, some of those

congress never took it seriously. neither did the branch, and neither did the american, including the people in the very states that were ostensibly rebelling underneath this blast of hot air, of protest. the long tradition of. bipartisan consensus. supporting more protection for more public lands endured it easily survived. another hiccup early in his first term. libertarian economist persuaded ronald reagan to propose selling off 35 million acres of what he said was surplus public lands to help balance budget. the proposal triggered much opposition across the country at the grass roots. it found no support among republicans or democrats congress and went nowhere. much the same fate met the proposal. reagan's first interior secretary, a fellow james watt, who wanted the issue. oil and gas leases on tens of millions of acres just about everywhere. what became a serious political liability left office? reagan, an astute politician, moved swiftly to the middle on public lands issues and and here is an example of his mov

congress was a much smaller operation. committees have always been with congress. the house has always had the senate's always had them. why so? as you mentioned, committees have really been essential institutions in congress. its inception and the way that i like to think about it is that committees exist because congress is a huge institution and it has to deal with a huge number of issues. as we all know, watching it. and so it needs to delegate responsibility and, ownership in some way. and does this through committees. committees are really where it delegates responsibility to look more deeply and take ownership of different issues committees are where members can special eyes in a topic and take ownership it and deliberate and understand policies more deeply. committees also a way then of decentralizing power within the chamber and more legislators to be involved in different ways in. the process again just like many other big organizations that we might of and in terms of how committees actually function in the proc

what did congress really do? what it shows is that there are a lot of really good challenges on the home front. by turning the american economy into a giant war machine. congress really was the place where we figured out how to work through these difficulties. the massive inflation, the rationing. that is really something in the bones of america, the need to see what the government is doing as fair. not just as right or wrong, but fair. congress was the one religious worker the difficult issues. our going to deal with the challenges caused the inflation? how are we going to make sure that the military isn't heading war profiteering? they therefore got the american people to trust the war effort much more. host: and how were they able to do that? guest: right. ". that is the central virtue of multiple congress. congress has many members and they can openly fight with each other. sometimes that sounds scary to people. sounds like everyone should just figure out a way to get along. we are all americans, we should so

if the congress, within 21 days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both houses that the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the vice president shall continue to discharge the same as acting president, otherwise, the president shall resume the powers and duties of his office. i now yield to the majority leader, the gentleman from louisiana, mr. scalise. mr. scalise: thank you mr. speaker. 26th amendment 26, section 1, the right of citizens of the united states, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of age. section 2, the congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. yield back. mr. cline: 27th amendment. no law varying the compensation for the services of the senators and representatives, shall take effect, until an election of representatives shall have intervened. mr. speaker, that conclude

now he had good friends and allies in congress, but he was not generally liked by members of congress. the conservative wing of the republican party who thought he was too much of a progressive. well, as he progresses in the republican party, the so-called rhinos of the day of la follette and norris of nebraska and, they were called by one of the conservative senators, sons of the wild --, because they were so cantankerous and not club able. they work in harmony and they held the kind of, the balance of power in the senate and. many of them hated hoover, whom they thought was of insufficient progressive. and one historian once said of hoover that he was too progressive for the concern over this and too conservative for the radicals. so he kind of fell in between. so i think trump ford was did come to be disliked the way that hoover came to be disliked. trump rather run. ford did not have the same weight to bear in personal terms. hoover it was personalized for hoover, you know, there were in this country, some of you have heard these are unemployed people, living in shantytowns on, th

there you are congress in 2003. inng we can't predict the future we don't know exactly what national merge and sees will happen. what we want to ensure is that we are empowering the federal government to take care o sun loan borrowers and not leave them at substantial risk of being worse off with their ability to repay the loans. the language the congress enacted here is the perfect fit to accomplish that al. it's hard to see what congress could've done fferently. >> last question. broadening itout. thinking about, you mention emergency. the history of is court with respect execivassertions of emergencies. some of the biggest mistakes in the courts history were defein to assertions of execiv emergency power. some of the finest moments in the course history were pushing back again presidential assertions of emergency power. that continued not stn the korean war but post 91 in some of the cases there. given that history, there is a concern i suppose that fl elise about how to handle an emergency of surgeon. some of th

i like i like congress. i like studying congress. one of the things that makes congress so interesting is that it's it's traditionally not a parliament that is that you can get these distinctive members of congress from out of the way places. i did a biography of ernest greening was a democratic senator from alaska. a very left wing senator. you don't think of alaska as a particularly left wing state, strong critic of the vietnam war in the 1960s. and as we moved into this, this the current kind of politics that we have now, we've we've sort of lost that aspect of american political life. this next one, it's a little bit of a doozy. and i don't think that we're going to have time to totally answer it. but maybe you can give us a sneak peek into maybe where to look up resources for it. what is the history of the us capitol police origins mission future it's cetera. is it's this actually. it's relatively easy to find one of the great things about all of these federal agencies is that they have they have offices of historians. so you ca

t that is congress's oi. and you are saying that the secretary implemented his powers under congress's choice, which gave him authority over loaning payment. definitely did not give him authority over loans for long care. >> that is correct. e cretary would have no authority to act tse the student loan program. the heroes act is ecically designed only to empower the secretary with respect to that portfolio. congress gave a different kind hority to a different secretary with respect to a different set of activities, when ergency struck. is that rrt? >> yes. >> justice gorsuch? >> i jt wanted to make sure i understood your position with respect to some of the gnarly language in this statute, which is waiv mify. affected individuals to ensure they're not placed in the worse position financially beusof the covid crisis. you would agree that don' authorize the secretary to ace persons in a better position than they were, cae of the covid crisis? >> so, i agree that the purpose is to ensure that they're no worse of

for congress? >> when you know what the next generation is going through, their educational experience, how they view politics, government and america, that is the core of what we are fighting for, our future, our children. how they view government and -- as something that adds value to or takes a valley away from life. that is at the crux of what we are arguing in congress, democrat or republican. some people think we need the government to solve our problems, other people think why would i turn to government when they created the problem. >> the vans you are wearing, they are a favorite. >> they are. i was a skate guy on the west coast, i learned to serve. i've always enjoyed the footwear. it is not your typical vans, something a little more dressy. it very much identifies who i am , there's not so many things i get worked up about. i see people die on a daily basis, my last shift december 28 i had three critical patients. what i deal with on a daily basis in congress, a ticket with a grain of sa

congress sets the minimum wage. within a year, the minimum wage will fall to a 40-year low in purchasing power. $4.25 an hour is no longer a minimum wage but millions of americans and their children are trying to live on it. i challenge you to raise their minimum wage. [applause] thank you. [applause] in 1993, congress cut the taxes of 15 million hard-pressed working families to make sure that no parents who work full-time would have to raise their children in poverty. and to encourage people to move from welfare to work. this expanded earned income tax credit is now worth about 1800 dollars a year to a family of four living on $20,000. the budget bill i vetoed would have reversed this achievement and raise taxes on nearly 8 million of these people. we should not do that. we should not do that. [applause] but i also agree that the people who are helped under this initiative are not all of those in our country who are working hard to do a good job raising their children and at work. i agree that we need a tax credit

at that time it was referred to as the annual message to congress, or the annual address to congress. they laid out some ideas, and then they laid out some problems and policy solutions. it ranged very widely, they emphasized foreign policy, and that the domain of the president to lead the nation in foreign policy again. a controversial subject of interpretation. but they laid out what they believed the country should do with some of these contexts. and what they would like to see over the coming years. >> what president decided to do this in person and why? prof. azari: let me back up a little bit, george washington livered this in person to congress and thomas jefferson was the one that decided to shift it to writing. there are theories why jefferson did that, that he was trying to downplay the role of the executive, or there are some theories that jefferson wasn't -- speeches weren't his domain. he was more a person of written letters. but they were written and delivered to congress usually at the end of the year through the 19th century, through woodrow wilson. and woodrow wilson

three different congresses. it's an awesome responsibility. i've served some good people on both sides of the aisle. i remember the late john hymes, he would have been chair of the committee, he had a big accident and lost his life. senator proxmire when i first came on, as the chairman mentioned. he was a good chairman. fair. then senator regal. senator dimatto. senator graham, phil graham. senator sarbanes. senator sarbanes, we worked together like youtwo. we had our differences. we were good friends. we traveled together. we ate together. we did some good things together. we thought, you know, for the american people. i remember sitting here with so many smart, good people. both sides of the aisle. both sides. but i want to say, we've had since i've been on the committee smart staffers, good staffers, they flocked to be on the committee from everywhere. on both sides. working together. i want to thank all of them for what they've done over the years. a lot of them are gone, as you know, doing bigger, greater

congress as well. the search continues for survivors of the earthquake that's devastated turkey and syria. the number killed soars to more than 7000. rescuers capture the extraordinary moment when a three—year—old girl is pulled out alive from the rubble as the scale of the disaster around the epicentre becomes clear. if you picture eight, nine, ten buildings, all collapsed in a row, the debris mixed together, it is astonishing. that is replicated across what is a big city here. and why microsoft believes artificial intelligence will revolutionise the way people use the internet. hello and welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. we begin in america. president biden hasjust delivered his state of the union address. it has just it hasjust gone 11 p.m.. he told the joint session of congress that american democracy is bruised but unbroken following his predecessor donald trump's attempt to overturn the 2020 election. he said he wants to finish the job and pass legislation that in

congress. then, a discussion with celebrity chef josÉ andreason and former agriculture secretary stan on food security and 2023 farm bill. house oversight and accountability committee has adopted a new package for the 118th congress by a partyline vote of 25 -- 19 for the new rules include putting an end to virtual participation and public hearings for members and witnesses. and the creation of five new subcommittees. this about an hour and 50 minutes. [background noises] [background noises] [background noises] [background noises] without objection, the chairman is authorized to declare a racist of committee at any time. i want to welcome everyone to the organizational meeting on the committee to oversight and accountability. the committee i believe will be the most exciting and effective committee for this congress. will be returning this committee to its core mission and that is to ensure the taxpayer dollars are not being mismanaged, abused or wasted. to shine a light in the darkness of the