louis in a slave state. st. louis was the natural cashman area for slaves who had experienced a mixed pattern of residence in the course of migrating west. st. louis was the perfect storm. the western labor market needed slaves. st. louis found slaves were brought down the ohio river principally to tame the west. and they were needed estimate that laborers in order to advance the prophecies of settlements faster than could be done by the do-it-yourself yeoman farmers and merchants. slaves occupied a slightly different role in the west than they did in the south. first, the slave men were needed as the muscle to move the cargo to supply the west and to provide for western expansion. second, in a few limited areas particularly where they were lead and salt deposits, slave men were set to work in mining. . these were jobs that free men did not want to do and you could not find large numbers of free men to do these jobs. hired labor was available only at a premium so slaves were imported. and third slave men and wom

st. louis was as a marketplace for the west. st. louis was the end depot for most westward immigrants. it was the place to change steamboats whether you are going north, south, or whether you are going further west on the missouri river. and disputes brewing elsewhere were funneled into the st. louis court by gravitating to the transportation hub. a steady stream of petitioners satisfy the criteria for freedom by having lived on free soil before arriving in st. louis in a slave state. st. louis was the natural cashman area for slaves who had experienced a mixed pattern of residence in the course of migrating west. st. louis was the perfect storm. the western labor market needed slaves. st. louis found slaves were brought down the ohio river principally to tame the west. and they were needed as domestic laborers in order to advance the prophecies of settlements faster than could be done by the do-it-yourself yeoman farmers and merchants. slaves occupied a slightly different role in the west than they did in the south. first, the slav

st louis county's prosecutor for almost 24 years. he comes from a family of police, his father killed in the line of duty by a black man. all factors that many say make mcculloch too close to those in uniform. one of the most controversial cases under his time has been what became known as the jack-in-the-box case. in 2000, two unarmed black men earl murray and ronald beasley were fatally shot at least 20 times during a drug bust. the officers who opened fire said they felt threatened when the men's car moved towards them - mcculloch took the case to a grand jury. >> he refused for months to release key details such as the names of the police officers who did the shooting and the number of shots fired. he called the two dead men "bums", he refused all but the most cursory contact with the african american community which was understandably upset by the police shooting of two african americans >> michael sorkin is a reporter for the st. louis post dispatch newspaper. after the grand jury decided not to indict the officers sorkin manag

louis city police the st louis county police and the ferguson police departments. they all declined. but police in another local municipality called hazelwood did agree to take us out on patrol. this is nick lawrence - he's been a police officer for 13 years. he says in a situation where police feel in danger there is little time to deliberate. >> it's the adrenaline bump. it's the tunnel vision. it's the loss of fine motor skills. >> we asked nick what many in the community have been questioning since mike brown's death - the readiness of police to use deadly force. he tells us their training actually calls for it. >> we're trained to shoot center mass to stop the threat. so if you are a... >> center mass? >> center mass. the center mass of the body. so basically the chest does that make sense? when the threat is stopped then you can go back to preserving life. but if your life is in danger, you're not expected to worry about the person whose trying to put your life in danger. you're worried about his well-being until he's not, he's no longer a threat. >> suddenly

the st. louis county police said they have been conscious. they are searching for who might be responsible. we expect an update at 10:00 a.m. eastern time. we will bring that to you live when it happens. fault lines is next. you can track us 24 hours a day by going to aljazeera.com. again, news out of ferguson, missouri, two police officers shot, both said to be conscious. more news ahead. sight these days, but just a few months ago, some of these boys couldn't even swim. they're all part of "surf haiti", an ambitious project aimed at bringing tourists and their money to the beaches. joan mamique who runs the camp says surfing here is about more than just catching waves. samson jules, who was one of the first boys to learn to surf here, tells us the project has the potential to change the lives of his entire community. the passion from these young haitians is unmistakable and it's the chance to be part of the lives of people like samson that organizers hope will draw surfers to these waves and ultimately help tourism grow. >> i would love for

louis in a slave state. st. louis was the natural cashman area for slaves who had experienced a mixed pattern of residence in the course of migrating west. st. louis was the perfect storm. the western labor market needed slaves. st. louis found slaves were brought down the ohio river principally to tame the west. and they were needed estimate -- as the mastic laborers in -- as domestic laborers in order to advance the prophecies of settlements faster than could be done by the do-it-yourself yeoman farmers and merchants. slaves occupied a slightly different role in the west than they did in the south. first, the slave men were needed as the muscle to move the cargo to supply the west and to provide for western expansion. second, in a few limited areas particularly where they were lead and salt deposits, slave men were set to work in mining. these were jobs that free men did not want to do and you could not find large numbers of free men to do these jobs. hired labor was available only at a premium, so slaves were

louis city police the st louis county police and the ferguson police departments. they all declined. but police in another local municipality called hazelwood did agree to take us out on patrol. this is nick lawrence - he's been a police officer for 13 years. he says in a situation where police feel in danger there is little time to deliberate. >> it's the adrenaline bump. it's the tunnel vision. it's the loss of fine motor skills. >> we asked nick what many in the community have been questioning since mike brown's death - the readiness of police to use deadly force. he tells us their training actually calls for it. >> we're trained to shoot center mass to stop the threat. so if you are a... >> center mass? >> center mass. the center mass of the body. so basically the chest does that make sense? when the threat is stopped then you can go back to preserving life. but if your life is in danger, you're not expected to worry about the person whose trying to put your life in danger. you're worried about his well-being >> suddenly nick spots something down the street it'

louis city and st. louis county and they have called out the emergency sandbaggers to come out monday night. if it floods, it is going to be flooding historic areas of south ci city, and we hope that does not happen. >> thank you, tom sater, for keeping an eye for us around st. louis. >> and coming up, donald trump said he had no choice but to go after hillary clinton. his defense? she started it. and he said that going after bill clinton is fair game, but so are his past indiscretions, and we will discuss wit with th panel next. rid of my mucusy congestion. oh, right then i'll swing by in like 4 hours. forget the tacos! one pill lasts 12 hours. i'm good all day. wait! your loss. i was going to wear a sombrero. only mucinex has a bi-layer tablet that starts fast, and keeps working. not 4, not 6, but 12 full hours. start the relief. ditch the misery. let's end this. it's gotten squarer. over the years. brighter. bigger. it's gotten thinner. even curvier. but what's next? for all binge watchers. movie gee

listen to st. louis county police chief, the st. louis county police chief as he described what happened on the ground. >> when they heard the shots and when they heard the bullets singing past, they saw muzzle flashes. these muzzle flashes were probably about 125 yards away. many officers drew their weapons but no officers fired. what if we're in a situation where it's 25 or 50 yards away and it's a threat right there in front of you that can be engaged except we're around a situation to where perhaps 30, 50, 60, 70 people are around. we really need to understand the dangers of this. >> chief belmar said we're very close to burying two police officers in ferguson. luckily they're said to be recovering. >>> i want to bring in benjamin crump, the attorney for the family of michael brown. of course what's been going on in ferguson all started in august, this chapter started in august when michael brown was killed by officer darren wilson. thank you for being with us. you spent so much time in this community. i want your reaction to wh

at that time, people were not familiar with st. louis. there was no direct travel, especially for athletes coming from europe. they had to take a long transatlantic voyage, and then take a train ride to a small secondary city that they knew little about. that reason, over 500 of this hundred plus athletes were american. it was an overwhelming thing for an international event overwhelmingly american. it was very very different. the olympics itself lasted 146 days. that is something we don't see today. over four months. it was very unorganized. people who participated sometimes did not even know that they were participating in an event, until they received an olympic medal. it would have been very very different from the highly organized, highly televised olympics we see today. >> was their confusion between the events being held by the olympics as well as the exhibition events being held by the world's fair? kendra gage: absolutely. unfortunately as we go back and look at the materials, it is very hard to ascertain what is olympic events a

at that time, people were not familiar with st. louis. there was no direct travel especially for athletes coming from europe. they had to take a long transatlantic voyage, and then take a train ride to a small secondary city that they knew little about. that reason, over 500 of this 600-plus athletes were american. it was an overwhelming thing for an international event overwhelmingly american. it was very very different. the olympics itself lasted 146 days. that is something we don't see today. over four months. it was very unorganized. people who participated sometimes did not even know that they were participating in an event, until they received an olympic medal. it would have been very very different from the highly organized, highly televised olympics we see today. >> was their confusion between the events being held by the olympics as well as the exhibition events being held by the world's fair? kendra gage: absolutely. unfortunately as we go back and look at the materials, it is very hard to ascertain what is olympic events and wh

and this st. louis ram's hail mary pass. have you found any other mothers to match with lost children? believe me, i put this hair through a lot, every day. that's why i need total repair. l'oreal's total repair 5 shampoo system with ceramide fights 5 signs of damage. weak, dry, dull, rough hair - and split ends... no way! with l'oreal total repair 5 my hair feels strong... healthy...from root to core to tip. and look at this shine ... crazy! i'm telling you, this works! 5 problems, 1 solution. l'oreal total repair 5 shampoo. that's the power of beautiful hair. every day because you're worth it. what to look at relapsing way multiple sclerosis? this is tecfidera. tecfidera is not an injection. it's a pill for relapsing ms that has the power to cut relapses in half. imagine what you could do with fewer relapses. tecfidera may cause serious side effects, such as allergic reactions, pml, which is a rare brain infection that usually leads to death or severe disability, and decreases in your white blood cells. the most common sid

st. louis police saying it was in fact shots. the two police officers we understand don't have life-threatening injuries. but the key question is who fired the shots? and why? at such a sensitive time for ferguson missouri a city where the police is aiming to earn the trust of residents and the court system has essentially had all of its cases taken away from it so that high level court could address what eric holder described as police force acting as a collection agency for the city as a way of raising funds. when you look at that report and look back toward the protests of last year you understand the frustration and anger so many had saying they weren't just upset about one unarmed teen being killed but the entire treatment residents felt under the leadership of chief jackson, who has now stepped down. >>> now earlier we spoke on the phone with a witness to the shooting. that is marcus layerer. here's what he had to say. >> caller: well i was walking, i had just returned to my phone, and i was going back towards the protestin

groups across st. louis. in a way, it was like a baby came back from the dead. >> yes, it was amazing. >> i missed all of this, but i can see love that was given to her. i st wish it was me. >> reporter: but that initial awe and joy soon give w to anger. >> i enjoyed my babies and someone robbed me of that. my children said, what are you going to do? i said, i have to get to the bottom of this. i want answers. >> reporter: so, she hires al watkins a renowned and brash saint louis attorney. >> the angst that has been caused by her realization that for 50ears she could not, raise her baby. have successes and, and failures with her baby. you can't help to literally have your heart melt. >> reporter: was there a suspicion that maybe this was some kind of a strange mix-up? >> the credibility with which zella jackson price presented couldn't be denied. it became really clear to me that something was significantly amiss. >> reporter: when we come back, the hard-charging lawyer goes public with an unbelievable claim.

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louis ko -- st. charles county as a whole. >> is it is all hands on deck here, and a lot of them would be dealing with the flooding in their homes there? >> yes, and we are the emergency management, and working with ambulances, and fire to coordinate the operations during this time. >> and what about the more sensitive parts of the population there, older folks for instance, who could be homebound or who certainly can't evacuate as quickly as some of the other residents? is there assistance for them? >> i believe that the river point fire rescue, they are keeping an eye on them, and the other law enforcement agencies have been keeping an eye out on on those individuals as well, and making sure they get access to the resources they need. >> so it is an important distinction that you are saying that the water is overtopping the the le e vie, a -- overtoppe e v levee and not breach iing the levee. can you tell us if it is over most of the levee or the length of the levee that water is essentially overfl

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>> the scotts are in st. louis. they are in the formal custody of the court. >> the sheriff. >> the sheriff. they are hired out in laboring. their daughters are in hiding. >> and this case is important -- actually, i want to ask about -- one question from twitter. it plays into this well. one of our callers when we were talking about roger taney, he said, would you roger taney, wod you talk about his role as a catholic on the court? >> it's a great question because taney does not come certainly out of the any of the religious communities that we would associate with a critique of slavery. and so he doesn't come out of that tradition, even as he's a k colinizationist. the kwa we associate with quakers and methodist and baptists in this period. but, remember that baltimore is the archdiocese of the catholic church. he has a cultural power through his association with the catholic church in a city like baltimore, even as he is per seefed as a minority in other parts of the country. >> by the time the case got to the su

and roswell,air, from st. louis. host: when we get to that part of the story, we will spend more time, but montgomery blair was the more famous. guest: montgomery blair is eight marylander, a former slave owner with a very different view of how dread scott should turn out. -- dred scott should turn out. when we get to the supreme court it is marylander versus marylander. caller: i have several questions, thank you specifically to the i'm a former retired attorney and last time i looked at dred scott was r50 years ago. this is the worst case that the supreme court has decided. i would have said plessy versus ferguson because it continued longer. dred scott died with the civil war. and also, i don't know if you can answer this. i don't believe you are doing plessy in this series. i want to know why you aren't doing that case? host: we have 12 weeks and thousands of cases. so we have spent a lot of time over which cases would be our landmark cases knowing we couldn't do all. we are thinking about next year. maybe more c

webster groves is a suburb of st. louis. the other officer who was shot in the shoulder is a 41-year-old officer from st. louis county. again, they have both been taken by ambulance to a local hospital and are being treated for their injuries at this hour. we're also getting information from our producer on the ground there, jennifer roller who says the st. louis county police will hold a news conference in clayton around daylight so hopefully in a few hours we'll get a little more information about what exactly happened there in ferguson. here's what we know so far. at least three shots were fired to those officers. two officers shot. this happened around midnight local time there and, in fact with the protests outside the police department in ferguson it was pretty much dying down. people were headed home. even officers were headed home when a shot was -- at least three of them were fired across the street from the police department. those shots hit two police officers and at this point we're just trying to get more inform

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jeff roorda of the st. louis police officers association is still with us. also joining us is antonio french st. louis alderman. thanks for joining us. what do you make of the decision we just got the press release a little while ago, that st. louis county police missouri highway patrol officers they are going to effectively take charge of ferguson tonight, not the local police department. what's your reaction to that? >> i think that's a good move. i think both the st. louis county police department and especially the state highway patrol have more resources and a little more expertise in crowd control than the ferguson police department does. i also think perhaps some of the methods of the ferguson police department sometimes escalate the situation when in fact we need to deescalate it. >> what do you anticipate is going to happen tonight? i know there's a lot of tension. there's fear of more protests. i'm sure those police officers whether they come from the highway patrol whether they come from st. louis county, they are all pretty scared. >> yeah there'

webster groves is a suburb of st. louis. again, we have been told that one of the officers not sure which one, was shot in the face. the other was shot in the shoulder. and according to reports, the wounded officers are conscious, that is some good news they're being treated at a level 1 trauma center the barnes jewish hospital, the largest hospital in missouri. i want to bring in now, msnbc's tremayne lee, he has been covering this story for many many months. he knows the landscape there. he knows the players very well. and hearing that two officers have been shot tonight, tremayne, how does this complicate an already difficult situation that's pretty much a tinderbox in that area? >> i think you pretty much said it all right there. it had been a tinderbox for a very long time. and i think in the report that came out last week this powder keg, this toxic environment, and i think while it's shocking that it would erupt in violence in one sense because there have been so many people protesting peacefully from the very beginni

one from st. louis county. one from webster grove.

to blame everything in st. louis. they say it just isn't the case. >> "america tonight"s sara hoy >>> next - fast-forward reaching the finishing line. >> if we have 100 people watching a dog race, that's considered a lot of people. it could put on end to the races. even track owners want to stop. wednesday on "america tonight", digital b.f.f.s helping to break the silence. >> "america tonight"s christopher putzel with a technology that could be a break through for kids living with autism >>> and hot, stealing home - an investigation as to why thousands of florida condo owners are forced out of their homes, even though they have done nothing wrong. find it at aljazeera.com/americatonight. >> the new al jazeera america primetime. get the real news you've been looking for. at 7:00, a thorough wrapup of the day's events. then at 8:00, john seigenthaler digs deeper into the stories of the day. and at 9:00, get a global perspective on the news. weeknights, on al jazeera america . >>> fast-forward to what might be a long run

to blame everything in st. louis. they say it just isn't the case. >> "america tonight"s sara hoy >>> next - fast-forward reaching the finishing line. >> if we have 100 people watching a dog race, that's considered a lot of people. it could put on end to the races. even track owners want to stop. wednesday on "america tonight", digital b.f.f.s helping to break the silence. >> "america tonight"s christopher putzel with a technology that could be a break through for kids living with autism >>> and hot, stealing home - an investigation as to why thousands of florida condo owners are forced out of their homes, even though they have done nothing wrong. find it at aljazeera.com/americatonight. >> monday on techknow. what if there was a miracle >> grace's stem cells are in this box >> that could save the life of your child >> we're gonna to do whatever we can >> would you give it a try? >> cell therapy is going to be the next big advance in medicine >> tech know, every monday go where science meets humanity. >> this is some

st. louis city north st. louis city put on the african-american and 63105 in st. louis county which is predominantly white. that is less than 10 miles of geography and an 18 year gap in life expect to see. what we unpacked is what is different about various areas what i started calling the geography of inequality. but it's different is the unemployment rate four times as high for african-americans a median income that is less than half for african-americans than it is for white. and the health outcomes that a company that such as an african-american baby board in st. louis city in st. louis county be more than three times as likely to die before their first birthday, a homicide rate for african-americans is 12 times as high as it is for white in st. louis county. but we are not just focused on disparities. we are also focused on solutions and talking about how addressing social determinants of health and health disparities impacts everyone regardless of their race and socioeconomic status. we have recommendations in six areas including early childhood invest in hi

to blame everything in st. louis. they say it just isn't the case. >> "america tonight"s sara hoy >>> next - fast-forward reaching the finishing line. >> if we have 100 people watching a dog race that's considered a lot of people. it could put on end to the races. even track owners want to stop. wednesday on "america tonight" digital b.f.f.s helping to break the silence. >> "america tonight"s christopher putzel with a technology that could be a break through for kids living with autism >>> and hot stealing home - an investigation as to why thousands of florida condo owners are forced out of their homes, even though they have done nothing wrong. find it at aljazeera.com/americatonight. >>> fast-forward to what might be a long run. something that animal activists say is inhumane and want to stop it. there are unlikely allies sheila macvicar visited florida, one of seven states where dog races are still legal. >> if we have 100 people watching a dog race that would be considered a lot of people. >> this man and his famil

st. louis. when he returned to his hotel room, he discovered his wife dead in the bathtub. the medical examiner ruled the death was by drowning, presumably accidental, but homicide investigators weren't so sure. >>> ed post met julie thigpen when they were both students at the university of southern mississippi in the 1960s. they married in 1967, had two daughters, and moved to new orleans. ed went to work in the real estate business. his outgoing personality and sophisticated manner made him a successful salesman right from the start. >> i thought ed was a good fellow, what you'd expect a real estate salesman to be, kind of relentlessly cheerful. >> after a few years, ed post became part owner of the wagner truax real estate firm. julie post also joined the company and was very successful, selling over a million dollars of real estate every year from 1982 on. in june of 1986, the posts attended a real estate convention in st. louis, missouri, at the omni hotel at union station. on the mo

groups across st. louis. in a way, it was like a baby came back from the dead. >> yes, it wasamazing. >> i missed all of this, but i can see love tt was given to her. i just wish it was me. >> reporter: but that initial awe and joy soon giveay to anger. >> i enjoyed my babies and someone robbed me of that. my children said, what areou going to do? i said, i have to get to the bottom of this. why was i told she was passed? al watkins a renowned and brash saint louis attorney. >> the angst that has been caused by her realization that for 50 years she could not, raise her baby. have successes and, and failures with her baby. you can't help to literally have your heart melt. >> reporter: was there a suspicion that maybe this was some kind of a strange mix-up? >> the credibility with which zea jackson price presented couldn't be denied. it became really clear to me that sething was significacantly amiss. >> reporter: when we come back, the hard-charging lawyer goes public with an unbelievable claim. a sinister bab

he accepts an appointment as a doorman in a hotel in st. louis. harriet herself goes back to the work she has always done but this time she is able to work and control her own wages and they continue to raise their girls. they are sought after from time to time by curious journalist. we are grateful to some of them because of the photographs that we have of the scotts result from a curious and persistent journalist who brings them to a photo studio to have their portraits taken. for me, one of the most poignant encounters with harriet scott and a journalist comes as dred himself is ailing. as you mentioned, he will die within 18 months of this decision. she tells the reporter, just leave the old man alone. just leave him at peace. part of what we want is to be out of the limelight, to be away from the strife and to live as a private family. so if you go to that part two learn more about this you will , find out that that great great granddaughter of dred scott is involved in preserving their history. you are going to meet her next. [video clip] >>

was rushed to st. louis children's hospital. ironically, it was the hospital patricia planned to take ryan to before she got lost. doctors diagnosed d.j. with a very rare metabolic disorder called methylmalonic acidemia, or mma, which inhibits the body's ability to process food, especially proteins. it also produces toxins in the blood. to prosecutors, it was a startling development. they wondered if ryan stallings might have died of the same disease instead of ethylene glycol poisoning. >> we went back to square one, met again with all the doctors and said, look, something's not right here. matter of fact, released her from custody at that point on a recognizance bond, which is unheard of in a murder case. >> but the prosecution's medical experts did not believe that ryan died of mma. his blood has been tested at two independent laboratories. both found ethylene glycol in ryan's system. and the autopsy revealed calcium oxalate crystals in ryan's brian, consistent with ethylene glycol poisoning. tests on ryan's baby bottle also

he can reap more benefits there than st. louis. st. louis is trying to give him something new and shiny so he'll stay as opposed to spending his own money in another community. >> by coming out foursquare does it send a signal to the federal government on these finances. >> it brings sanity to the issue of what is a public and private enterprise. teaches and bonds are subsidised, some of the benefits going to people down river, and, therefore, you need to provide some subsidy to get the local government to make a plant big enough to provide benefits to those folks. >> part of it is whether or not it's a public use. we can't say if a private business is a public use. >> it's hard to find collective consumption, public good aspects to this. you sell tickets, pay a fee, watch the game. the money goes into the pockets of the business, the typical way to do things. in most businesses the capital costs are paid for by the business. in this instance, because they organised the cartels that restrict entry into the industry and franchises, givi

st. louis county officer was struck in the shoulder. and a webster groves police officer was struck in the face. both those officers are here right now. they're being treated. i don't have an official status on what their condition is right now. they are conscious. however, those are very serious gunshot injuries to be able to sustain in your upper torso and certainly in your face. so they're being treated right now. family is with them. the officers will not be identified at this point, other than the fact that the st. louis county police officer is 41 years old. he's been a 14 year veteran of law enforcement. and then we have the webster groves officer who is 32 years old, and he's been on the department for approximately five years. so i would like to just underscore if i could for a minute you know we have had an occasion to be involved in many of the events in ferguson since the, since michael brown was killed. and i think we've been very fortunate as we've moved forward not to have similar instances like this happen to us. so but

st. louis. when he returned to his hotel room, he discovered his wife dead in the bathtub. the medical examiner ruled the death was by drowning, presumably accidentally. but homicide investigators were not so sure. ed post met julie thigpen when they were both students at the university of mississippi in the '60s. they married in 1967, had two daughters and moved to new orleans. ed went to work in the real estate business. his outgoing personality and sophisticated manner made him a successful salesman right from the start. >> if thought ed was a good fellow, what you would expect a real estate salesman to be, kind of cheerful. >> after a few years, ed post became the owner of the real estate firm. julie post also joined the company and was very successful, selling over a million dollars of real estate from 1982 and on. in june of 1986, the posts attended a real estate conviction in st. louis, missouri, at the omni hotel at union station. on the morning of june 3rd, ed post decided to go

live pictures from st. louis. a rally of community members and activists marking one year since death of michael brown. things are getting testy between police and protesters who have breached a barrier outside the u.s. courthouse. >> we've come to say, enough is enough! >> so this march comes on the heels of a i cchaotic night, ea morning, exchange of gunfire between two groups not protesters firing on each other. then the police came under fire. police say a young man is in critical condition after opening fire on four plainclothes officers. police returned fire, following a day of peaceful protests there today, business owners spent the day cleaning up from the damage done earlier. and they want to know why this is happening all over again. >> it just brings you to tears because if -- i mean, i just -- when are you going to stop, you know? that's -- that's what we want to know. i just don't feel like it's not an act of protest. i don't believe you can actively protest at nighttime. >> when is it going to stop?