The author has identified the following significant results. The application of ERTS-1 imagery to vegetation mapping and identification was tested and confirmed by field checking. ERTS-1 imagery interpretation and density contour mapping allows definition of minute vegetation features and estimation of vegetative biomass and species composition. Large- and small-scale vegetation maps were constructed for test areas in the Laramie Basin and Laramie mountains of Wyoming. Vegetative features...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), RANGELANDS, VEGETATION, WYOMING, CONTOURS, EARTH RESOURCES...
NASA's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration in the National Airspace System Project is conducting human in the loop simulations and flight testing intended to reduce barriers associated with enabling routine airspace access for unmanned aircraft. The primary focus of these tests is interaction of the unmanned aircraft pilot with the display of detect and avoid alerting and guidance information. The project's integrated test and evaluation team was charged with developing the test...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 46d30c9c5d4647c2a85e4abc8f94f457, Flight Research Associates,...
We are developing miniaturized, highly integrated Schottky receiver systems suitable for use in CubeSats or other small spacecraft platforms, where state-of-the-art performance and ultra-low mass, power, and volume are required. Current traditional Schottky receivers are too large to employ on a CubeSat. We will develop highly integrated receivers operating from 520-600 GHz and 1040-1200 GHz that are based on state-of-the-art receivers already developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) by...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 7165bf0f396d417784afd80e108ed000, Arizona State Univ., Baker,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), b6cfe15cd90d46889fa7ef7d899749af, Edmunson, Jennifer, Fiske,...
The development of attitude estimation and pointing-control algorithms is necessary in order to achieve high-fidelity modeling for a Balloon Mission Simulator (BMS). A pointing system simulation toolbox was developed to enable this. The toolbox consists of a star-tracker (ST) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) signal generator, a UDP (User Datagram Protocol) communication le (bridge), and an indirect-multiplicative extended Kalman filter (imEKF). This document describes the Python toolbox...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 1399be3f767447638da14a3e57362828,...
Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan), a plant native to North Africa and the Middle East, has become a troublesome invasive pest in arid ecosystems of the Southwest United States, northern and central Mexico, and Australia. In the desert Southwest, B. tournefortii is commonly found in sandy washes, sand sheets, rocky hillsides, and other disturbed areas at elevations below 1000 m. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Landsat MTMF technique for detecting B. tournefortii...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA Ames Research Center, Potter, Christopher S.
The Collaborative Trajectory Options Program (CTOP) is a Traffic Management Initiative (TMI) intended to control the air traffic flow rates at multiple specified Flow Constrained Areas (FCAs), where demand exceeds capacity. CTOP allows flight operators to submit the desired Trajectory Options Set (TOS) for each affected flight with associated Relative Trajectory Cost (RTC) for each option. CTOP then creates a feasible schedule that complies with capacity constraints by assigning affected...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 011655dc95834ccebfd691a66d0427ad,...
An overview of the capabilities of the NASA Ames Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Kmak, Francis, NASA Ames Research Center
This presentation is a technical update for the NATO-STO HFM-247 working group. Our progress on four goals will be discussed. For Goal 1, a conceptual model of HAT is presented. HAT looks to make automation act as more of a teammate, by having it communicate with human operators in a more human, goal-directed, manner which provides transparency into the reasoning behind automated recommendations and actions. This, in turn, permits more trust in the automation when it is appropriate, and less...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA Ames Research Center, Shively, Jay
Human involvement with increasingly autonomous systems must adjust to allow for a more dynamic relationship involving cooperation and teamwork. As part of an ongoing project to develop a framework for human autonomy teaming (HAT) in aviation, a study was conducted to evaluate proposed tenets of HAT. Participants performed a flight-following task at a ground station both with and without HAT features enabled. Overall, participants preferred the ground station with HAT features enabled over the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 7e065af16bfc4dcdafe6bb83a15d19b1, Brandt, Summer L.,...
This presentation covers the basis and challenges for radiation effects in electronic systems. The three main types of radiation effects in electronics are: 1) total ionizing dose (TID), 2) total non-ionizing dose (TNID) / displacement damage dose (DDD), and 3) single-event effect (SEE). Some content on relevant examples of effects, current concerns, and possible environmental model-driven solutions are also included.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Pellish, Jonathan A.
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 267c9babdc5540468bc3d22ebbf81699,...
The NASA Orion Flight Test Office was tasked with conducting a series of flight tests in several launch abort scenarios to certify that the Orion Launch Abort System is capable of delivering astronauts aboard the Orion Crew Module to a safe environment, away from a failed booster. The first of this series was the Orion Pad Abort 1 Flight-Test Vehicle, which was successfully flown on May 6, 2010 at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. This presentation provides a concise overview of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Jones, Daniel S., NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center
Part I of the paper discussed the temperature dependencies of the electrical resistivities, thermal conductivities, thermal diffusivities and total hemispherical emissivities of several vacuum plasma sprayed (VPS) and cold sprayed copper alloy monolithic coatings, VPS NiAl, VPS NiCrAlY, extruded GRCop-84 and as-cast Cu-17(wt.%)Cr-5%Al. Part II discusses the temperature dependencies of the constant pressure specific heat capacities, CP, of these coatings. The data were empirically were...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA Glenn Research Center, Raj, S. V.
The objective of this paper is to refine objective motion cueing criteria for commercial transport simulators based on pilots' performance in three flying tasks. Actuator hardware and software algorithms determine motion cues. Today, during a simulator qualification, engineers objectively evaluate only the hardware. Pilot inspectors subjectively assess the overall motion cueing system (i.e., hardware plus software); however, it is acknowledged that pinpointing any deficiencies that might arise...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), cc1d0428945d4cea81bdd313a56bb437, Chung, William W.,...
As the applications for using small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) continue to grow in the coming years, it is imperative that intelligent sensor fusion techniques be explored. In BVLOS scenarios the vehicle position must accurately be tracked over time to ensure no two vehicles collide with one another, no vehicle crashes into surrounding structures, and to identify off-nominal scenarios. Therefore, in this study an intelligent systems approach is used to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3ec9cdae8cc0452c879147037a1c1936, Cincinnati Univ., Cohen,...
In March and April 2012, NASA conducted an airborne lidar campaign based out of Keflavik, Iceland, in support of Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) algorithm development. The survey targeted the Greenland Ice Sheet, Iceland ice caps, and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the winter season. Ultimately, the mission, MABEL Iceland 2012, including checkout and transit flights, conducted 14 science flights, for a total of over 80 flight hours over glaciers, icefields, and sea ice.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 461c38f6e1b94214ba88dca7d2c19992,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 5b2547ca9e854bf2b42cb59d7b0abce4, Barad, Michael,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2c56301afdc946299ff9a7639022da71,...
We present a thorough validation of a computational approach to predict infrasonic signatures of centimeter-sized meteoroids. We assume that the energy deposition along the meteor trail is dominated by atmospheric drag and simulate the steady, inviscid flow of air in thermochemical equilibrium to compute the meteoroid's near-body pressure signature. This signature is then propagated through a stratified and windy atmosphere to the ground using a methodology adapted from aircraft sonic-boom...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2eacc97389424516b4f48f097d9d41be,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 266182d75fae4de9900e4dae8f01c223,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Stahl, H Philip
The accuracy of the instruments used for flight test measurements has been inadequate so a new series of tests were commissioned with the development of an accurate elevator setting recorder.
Topic: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Topic: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A total dose analysis for exposure of electronic parts at the box level is presented for the Hubble Space Telescope. This was done using solid angle sectoring/3-dimensional ray trace and Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations. Results are discussed in terms of parts that are potential total dose concerns.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0ae4597da4dd400ab768f1a279fd88da,...
Understanding how microbes impact an ecosystem has improved through advances of molecular and genetic tools, but creating complex systems that emulate natural biology goes beyond current technology. In fact, many chemical, biological, and metabolic pathways of even model organisms are still poorly characterized. Even then, standard laboratory techniques for testing microbial impact on environmental change can have many drawbacks; they are time-consuming, labor intensive, and are at risk of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 26e44e65fc0949329faf58138dc2d7d5,...
Absorption bands of both aliphatic and aromatic organic molecules are found in the reflectance spectra of Saturn satellites Iapetus, Phoebe, and Hyperion obtained with the Cassini Visible-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS). The VIMS data do not fully resolve the individual bands of C-H functional groups specific to particular molecules, but instead show absorption envelopes representing blended clusters of the bands of aromatic (approximately 3.28 microns) and aliphatic (approximately 3.4...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Clark, Roger N., Cruikshank, Dale P., Dalle Ore, Cristina M.,...
The flammability of 60-NITINOL (60 weight percentage Ni and 40 weight percentage Ti) in an oxygen-rich atmosphere is assessed. It is determined that 60-NITINOL burns readily in gaseous oxygen and would not be a good candidate for components exposed to oxygen-rich environments where there may be an ignition source. The results are the same whether the material is tested without heat treatment, after a solution treatment or after furnace annealing. These results provide guidance for materials...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Cleveland, OH, United States,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Leahy, Frank, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Designed for human exploration missions into deep space, NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) represents a new spaceflight infrastructure asset, enabling a wide variety of unique utilization opportunities. While primarily focused on launching the large systems needed for crewed spaceflight beyond Earth orbit, SLS also offers a game-changing capability for the deployment of small satellites to deep-space destinations, beginning with its first flight. Currently, SLS is making rapid progress toward...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), da92707ab36f423bb6150b3a97d536cc, Huntsville, AL, United...
While significant and substantial progress continues to be accomplished toward readying the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket for its first test flight, work is already also underway on preparations for the second flight - using an upgraded version of the vehicle - and beyond. Designed to support human missions into deep space, Space Launch System (SLS), is the most powerful human-rated launch vehicle the United States has ever undertaken, and is one of three programs being managed by the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 8db5c1f934de41c9bbfba7b76abc9e81, Creech, Stephen D.,...
The purpose of this work is to develop a version of Paschen's Law that takes into account the flow of ambient gas past electrode surfaces. Paschen's Law does not consider the flow of gas past an aerospace vehicle, whose surfaces may be triboelectrically charged by dust or ice crystal impingement while traversing the atmosphere. The basic hypothesis of this work is that the number of electron-ion pairs created per unit distance between electrode surfaces is mitigated by the electron-ion pairs...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 748020441b304ed29db9a068ba8fab6c,...
This internship was initially meant to cover the implementation of unit test automation for a NASA ground control project. As is often the case with large development projects, the scope and breadth of the internship changed. Instead, the internship focused on finding and correcting memory leaks and errors as reported by a COTS software product meant to track such issues. Memory leaks come in many different flavors and some of them are more benign than others. On the extreme end a program might...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Joseph, Austin Pope, Portland State Univ.
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Hollier, Andi, Jacobs Sverdrup Technology, Inc.
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0232627b34854a3e9e3185f63df7da26,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Madavan, Nateri, NASA Ames Research Center
There is a strong need for developing multifunctional materials to reduce the cost of applied material without compromising the performance of the detectors, devices and sensors. The materials design, processing, growth and fabrication of bulk and nanocrystals and fabrication into devices and sensors involve huge cost and resources including a multidisciplinary team of experts. Because of this reason, prediction of multifunctionality of materials before design and development should be...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 4e91d8daa3224fbf8bc09ecffef19666,...
One persistent difficulty in evaluating the myriad advanced propulsion concepts proposed over the last 60 years is a true apples to apples comparison of the expected gain in performance. This analysis is complicated by numerous factors including, multiple missions of interest to the advanced propulsion community, the lack of a credible closed form solution to 'medium thrust' trajectories, and lack of detailed design data for most proposed concepts that lend credibility to engine performance...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Adams, Robert B., NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), a6202dbf61b04f698eb9f4075ed2c8fe,...
Systems engineering involves both the integration of the system and the integration of the disciplines which develop and operate the system. Integrating the disciplines is a sociological effort to bring together different groups, often with different terminology, to achieve a common goal, the system. The focus for the systems engineer is information flow through the organization, between the disciplines, to ensure the system is developed and operated with all relevant information informing...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2af5c7eafc5c48a8b94208d7475357d4,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Wells, Doug
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Young, Roy
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 872e344d369745db944b3dfe787f0c8e, Al Hassan, Mohammad,...
Two transit survey missions will have been flown by NASA prior to the launch of ESA's PLATO Mission in 2026, laying the groundwork for exoplanet discovery via the transit method. The Kepler Mission, which launched in 2009, collected data on its 100+ square degree field of view for four years before failure of a reaction wheel ended its primary mission. The results from Kepler include 2300+ confirmed or validated exoplanets, 2200+ planetary candidates, 2100+ eclipsing binaries. Kepler also...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Jenkins, Jon M., NASA Ames Research Center
Habitation systems provide a safe place for astronauts to live and work in space and on planetary surfaces. They enable crews to live and work safely in deep space, and include integrated life support systems, radiation protection, fire safety, and systems to reduce logistics and the need for resupply missions. Innovative health management technologies are needed in order to increase the safety and mission-effectiveness for future space habitats on other planets, asteroids, or lunar surfaces....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Martin, Rodney A., NASA Ames Research Center
Immersion freezing is likely involved in the initiation of precipitation and determines to large extent the phase partitioning in convective clouds. Theoretical models commonly used to describe immersion freezing in atmospheric models are based on the classical nucleation theory which however neglects important interactions near the immersed particle that may affect nucleation rates. This work introduces a new theory of immersion freezing based on two premises. First, immersion ice nucleation...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Barahona, Donifan, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
This paper describes the underlying dynamics of formation flying in a high-eccentricity orbit such as that of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The GPS-based results used for MMS navigation are summarized, as well as the procedures that are used to design the maneuvers used to place the spacecraft into a tetrahedron formation and then maintain it. The details of how to carry out these maneuvers are then discussed. Finally, the numerical results that have been obtained concerning formation...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 54cd5aedc8bc48c889c52e63c29120a2,...
PowerPoint presentation for the Society of Women Engineers presented by Rachel Cox to give an overview of NASA Swamp Works, the kind of work we do, explain what ISRU (living off the land in space) is about, and highlight several projects. Projects include RASSOR the space mining robot, Resource Prospector, ALTIP, Marco Polo, and regolith construction, including heat shields and 3D printing. Content is similar to what is presented on Swamp Works tours (we get about 2,000 visitors a year) and is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Cox, Rachel, NASA Kennedy Space Center
The Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) combines airborne sun tracking and sky scanning with grating spectroscopy to improve knowledge of atmospheric constituents and their links to air-pollution and climate. Hyper-spectral measurements of direct-beam solar irradiance provide retrievals of gas constituents, aerosol optical depth, and aerosol and thin cloud optical properties. Sky radiance measurements in the principal and almucantar planes enhance retrievals...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 15100a6c09d940e9b12eccbf6ab0c369,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Omitron, Inc., Patano, Scott
