This booklet outlines suggested procedures for administering a four-phase induction program for beginning teachers, a continuing process of orientation and professional growth throughout the first year of teaching: (1) The Summer Before School Starts, (2) A Special Beginning Teacher Orientation to the School, (3) The First Semester, and (4) The Second Semester. Emphasis is on the principal's responsibility for the assignment of the beginning teacher and of the cooperating teacher and for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Beginning Teachers, Teacher Orientation
This document presents a conversation between Dr. Clark Kerr, chairman of the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, and Robert H. Zeffer, a radio newsman. Topics discussed encompass the attitudes of members of boards of trustees, the selection of board members, the role of the chairman of the board, and the role of the board of trustees. (MJM)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Governing Boards, Higher Education, Interviews, Trustees
This supplement to the final report presents raw data from the survey for a project to describe the current and future roles of professional administrators, medical directors, and governing bodies of fee for service and prepay medical group practices of various sizes in such a way as to be potentially useful to health care delivery educators in curriculum evaluation and design. The raw data are presented in tabular format, and each table is introduced with a description of the data and how the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, Medical Services, National Surveys, Tables (Data)
The first five sections of this document deal with aspects of an evaluation program over which administrators have considerable, if not a primary, influence. These include (1) Climate: developing a climate among staff and constituents that is supportive of evaluation; (2) Focus: providing leadership in focusing the evaluation by assisting in determining what meaning evaluation is to have in the district and the purposes it is to serve, and providing direction and input into the design of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Guides, Administrator Role, Evaluation, Program Evaluation, School...
Many different kinds of structure and procedures characterize the governing boards of American institutions of higher education. A board's effectiveness does not depend on adherence to any particular pattern but on the clear understanding of its function and acceptance of responsibility for it. This document presents some primary aspects of the governing board's role and of generally accepted principles under which successful boards work. (Author)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Administration, Governance, Governing Boards, Higher...
THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTAINS 88 LISTINGS ON THE EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATORS. (HW)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Evaluation, Administrator Role,...
A high school principal seldom has a day that goes according to plan. The principal's schedule more often than not, is dictated by others and routinely extends several hours beyond a regular school day. It is a job that could easily consume one's life, to the detriment of finding and maintaining any semblance of balance between their professional and personal lives. Although at times, work or personal life may take precedence due to specific circumstances and/or activities, striving for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Principals, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Time Management,...
Today, in an era of taxpayer revolts, lack of clarity in values, and changing family structure, children need advocates in the political arena as well as in the schools. This pamphlet suggests that administrators are in an excellent position to defend the rights of children on all fronts. It focuses on what administrators have done and specific things they can do to champion the causes of children and youth--who are often forgotten in the political process. (Author/LD)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Child Advocacy, Children, Elementary Secondary Education,...
In 1998, the Maryland Association of Secondary School Principals (MASSP) interviewed 21 superintendents and 121 aspiring, assistant, and current principals and found that a severe and worsening shortage of secondary administrators exists. This report describes the nature of the shortage problem and recommendations made by the Maryland Task Force on the Principalship to address it. Chapter 1 characterizes the administrator shortage and poses questions that frame possible responses. Chapter 2...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Role,...
Techniques and characteristics of effective management in the arts are briefly outlined. The successful arts manager is identified as an integrator, or one who takes initiative and leadership, seeks status, has social poise, and prefers more flexible ways of acting. The role of the arts administrator includes planning; selecting and coordinating staff; managing procurement; controlling budgets; managing human resources; promoting open communication; and assuring organizational accountability. A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Fine Arts, Leadership Qualities, Program Administration, Self...
For principals leading site-based structuring and improvement efforts, strategic planning is an important tool. Strategic planning melds short-term and long-term planning models and considers outside variables and school resources. Teaching staff, community members, district office personnel, and consultants all have essential roles in strategic planning. Additionally, strategic planning provides structure for accountability in school change and reform. Many reform efforts have failed largely...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Planning, Elementary Education, Principals, School...
The role of high school principals can be compared to that of composers of music. For instance, composers put musical components together into a coherent whole; similarly, principals organize high schools by establishing class schedules, assigning roles to subordinates, and maintaining a safe and orderly learning environment. Second, composers select instruments, texts for music, and styles of music for certain genres; likewise, principals deal with curriculum and instruction, funds and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Artists, High Schools, Leadership...
The primary objective of the Regional University Administrator's Institute held at Northern Michigan University in the summer of 1970 was to analyze communication dilemmas between hierarchical positions and construct a heuristic model of a higher education administrative communication and decisionmaking process. There is growing evidence of improved administrative procedures installed by participants in the Institute. There are expressions of confidence in performing an administrative role and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Role, Educational Administration, Higher...
Educational administrators' concern with planning and time management results from the fragmentation of their daily activities, which research has documented, and their consequent search for order and control. Time is important because its scarcity affects productivity and its use has social-psychological effects on staffs' perceptions of administrators' priorities. Time management can increase administrative effectiveness through increased control of time and through the wiser use of time that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, Elementary Secondary Education, Leadership, Needs...
The selection of a principal requires (1) a clear understanding of the responsibilities of the superintendent and others concerned in the selection process, (2) an objective and adequate view of the contemporary principal's role and the kind of person qualified to fill that role, (3) specific selection criteria, and (4) a careful development of all phases of the search process. Twenty-six recommendations are made for the selection of principals, and 14 selection factors with related measuring...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrator Selection, Board of Education Role, Principals,...
This article discusses the continuing controversy of whole language versus phonics. It discusses both systems--how to plug the holes in them, and how to combine the two approaches, making for stronger instructional tools. The article also explains the analytic model of teaching reading. The article offers a series of recommendations for teachers, as well as recommendations for principals. Two figures outline the two reading models. (RS)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Models, Phonics, Reading...
The school principalship has undergone change in the past decade. Principals are expected to make daily decisions in the best interests of students within their school systems. Secondary school principals are socialized to choose between idealized (or desired) tasks and conventional (or actual) tasks associated with their job. A literature review discloses that discipline, feedback, efficiency versus effectiveness, and individual personality needs versus institutional role requirements are very...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Efficiency, Higher Education, Principals, School Administration,...
This state director's view of a junior college president was given at the Presidents' Institute (May 1969). In Colorado, the State Board prefers that the president be chosen at the local level by faculty, students, and local board members. His qualifications must fit the climate and values of the state system; e.g., he must de-emphasize the transfer program, encourage new clientele for post high school education, have admission policies that reach the poor and culturally deprived, provide...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Presidents, Role Perception, Two Year Colleges, Elsner, Paul A.
The effect of political influences on the allocation of personnel, money, facilities, and equipment by elementary school principals is discussed in this paper. The use of Zald's political economy framework as a tool for understanding the principal's role in allocating resources is described by the author. He suggests that the principal occupies a pivotal position (between the school and central office) through which resources flow. The author comments on the constraints and channels that are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Education, Political Influences, Power Structure,...
The role of the assistant principal, complete with duties and responsibilities, has not yet been successfully defined. Although assistant principals are often limited to responsibilities such as discipline or bus duty, their role should encompass much more. Assistant principals want to be more than disciplinarians; they want to be included in the instructional operations and have a set of respectable responsibilities. This chapter reviews the literature and finds numerous duties and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Role, Assistant Principals, Elementary...
This booklet describes various theoretical aspects of leadership, including the proper exercise of authority, effective delegation, goal setting, exercise of control, assignment of responsibility, performance evaluation, and group process facilitation. It begins by describing the evolution of general theories of leadership from historic concepts of group processes to current theories based on power and role differentiation. The concept of leadership as a process of interaction within a group...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Leadership Qualities, Leadership Responsibility, Leadership...
National surveys of junior college presidents in the United States were conducted over a 3-year period. It was felt that better understanding of the position would improve training programs for junior college presidents. Data were gathered from the presidents, their wives, the second highest administrators of the colleges, the presidents' secretaries, and the presidents of faculty associations. The study anticipated three basic situations for the junior college president: (1) arrival as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, College Administration, Professional Training, Two Year Colleges,...
The third of six volumes in the "Elementary Principal Series," this booklet is intended for beginning elementary principals desiring to develop an effective communications plan for reaching their various publics. The principal plays a key role in controlling both the quantity and quality of school communications. Although principals may feel more comfortable using one-way communication methods (newsletters, bulletins, and media announcements), they should also employ survey...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Communication Skills, Elementary Education, Feedback, Principals,...
A number of problems are encountered in "structural interventions" (direct changes introduced into the decisionmaking structure of a school) designed to create a mechanism through which teachers can exercise power over matters, internal to the school, that require decision and to provide a means through which the teachers of a school can potentially influence educational policy decisions in the community at large. The decisionmaking model we have been using emphasizes the leadership...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Decision Making, Educational Change, School Organization, Teacher...
A study was conducted to determine what a selected group of Illinois school administrators perceive to be the critical factors which facilitate planned educational change. Focus was on the administrator's conception of his role, the development and utilization of innovational practices, and the methods and procedures used in the evaluation and dissemination of information about innovational programs. The literature on processes and procedures of change was reviewed. The 12 school districts...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, Educational Change, Educational Innovation,...
This ERIC Digest provides an overview of the competencies needed for effective early childhood center administration and summarizes state regulations governing minimum qualifications of center directors. Specific administrator skills are listed in four topical areas: (1) organization, leadership, and management; (2) child development and early childhood programming; (3) fiscal and legal considerations; and (4) board, parent, and community relations. State regulations governing minimum...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Qualifications, Administrator Role, Administrators, Day Care, Early...
This conference report examines various problems facing university administrators and discusses the future role of the executive in American colleges and universities. Conference papers concern the future college executive; efficiency, accountability and the college executive; administrative concerns; and the rights of college administrators. (MJM)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, College Administration, Conference...
The outline presented is an evaluation model which spells out guidelines for conducting an evaluation of special education programs and services. The guidelines define the duties of a full-time project coordinator or administrator, who provides the leadership for all the plans and procedures developed to conduct the evaluation. His responsibilities concerning such items as budgeting, preparation of materials, arranging for and instructing consultants, and coordinating evaluation results are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Evaluation, Evaluation Criteria, Exceptional Child Education,...
The final volume in a series on Project REACH (Regular Education for All Children with Handicaps) is addressed to administrators involved in integrating severely disabled students into regular public schools. The manual is intended as a trouble-shooting tool with information on background theories and specific strategies. An introductory chapter setting forth the rationale for integration is followed by discussion of major issues, concepts, and terminology. Suggestions for accomplishing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Mainstreaming, Peer Relationship,...
This annotated bibliography presents 24 articles and documents from the ERIC system. The sources cited discuss leadership in relation to personal qualities, behavior theories, organizational influence, and changing administrator roles. (DW)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Leadership Styles, Organizational...
Administrators recognize the conflict between their leadership role, which encourages change, and their administrative role, which thrives on stability. To determine how an administrator could best foster an atmosphere conducive to innovation, the author reviewed the literature and interviewed selected community college administrators. From the data, these guidelines were formulated. The administrator must (1) plan for change, (2) stimulate faculty into taking initiative, (3) involve faculty in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Innovation, Innovation, Leadership, Two Year...
The aim of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Supplementary Frame Assessment is to locate and assess samples of seventeen-year-olds no longer participating in the regular school curriculum. In this way a sample representative of the entire age group may be obtained for assessment purposes. Phase I of the study dealt with the acquisition of lists of eligible individuals from their high schools, while Phase II involves their location and assessment. Methods for obtaining...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Assessment, Field Interviews, Individual Testing, Out...
The ombudsman, often defined as a kind of inspector general, is usually empowered to: (1) investigate in confidence, without restraint, either upon receipt of a complaint or on the ombudsman's initiative; (2) recommend to any official appropriate review of the facts; and (3) publicize findings or publicly criticize malfeasance. Various functions/duties and strategies to obtain desired results are indicated. (MJM)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Problems, Administrator Role, Arbitration, Grievance Procedures,...
The author gives his definition of accountability as "the process of expecting each member of an organization to answer to someone" and says that professional educators should be held answerable for children's learning which is the major goal of public education. The roles of all the people involved in the system are facilitating roles to that end and each should be held accountable to the others. The two groups most concerned in the current emphasis on accountability are school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Accountability, Administrator Role, Educational Objectives,...
The writer feels that current campus unrest can be alleviated if the role of student, faculty, and administrator is clearly defined. He feels the administrator must clarify the beliefs that direct his decisions, consider alternate beliefs and their possible effects on his decisions, and unify his total belief structure by considering the effects of his behavior. His position must be clear to faculty and students so that all may agree on goals. A modern administrator, more facilitator than...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Administrator Role, Attitude Change, Two Year Colleges,...
An administrator had a unique opportunity to participate in the founding of a Louisiana college by becoming the Vice President for Academic Affairs. Because many of the new staff were not experienced in their positions, she found herself mentoring many young people at the same time. It was a role with which she was most comfortable, partly because she had been a speech communication teacher and partly because she had enjoyed positive relationships with older people in her profession. In...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, College Administration, Higher Education, Leadership, Mentors,...
This paper offers a review of selected leadership research, with a focus on the evolution of educational leadership research and the theories, methods, and perceptions that have guided this research. The analysis shows how there has been a shift from a person-focused, rational, simplistic view of leadership to a process-focused, more complex understanding of leadership. In doing so, however, "blind spots" have been created that continue to influence and limit the way leadership is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Administration, Elementary Secondary Education,...
The guide provides background information and suggested procedures to assist school administrators in the planning and implementation of career education in a local school district. Key decision-making bodies are necessary to implement an effective career education program (school boards superintendent, principals, instructional staff, counselors, and the community), and suggested activities and considerations for each of them are presented. Career education may be implemented with the use of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Advisory Committees, Career Education, Committees, Educational...
This guide is the fourth in a series of eleven generated in 1978 as the result of workshops that focused on peer training, a different approach to teaching. The workshops provided the opportunity for members of eleven identified role groups to work together with peers to examine the relationship between their specific role group and community education and the ways in which they could stimulate their peers to improve role performance and effectiveness. This booklet focuses on community...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Community Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Guides,...
The position of assistant principal has been virtually ignored and sometimes maligned. Based on perspectives that arise from administrative theory, career development research, and school administration studies, this document describes the special nature of the assistantship, daily work, rewards, and frustrations. Five chapters include: (1) "What Is Special about Assistant Principals?; (2) "How Do Assistant Principals Get Their Jobs?; (3) "Progress in Understanding the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Assistant Principals, Elementary...
Many college and university administrators have responded to the recent increase in hateful incidents on campus by putting hate speech codes into place. The establishment of speech codes has sparked a heated debate over the impact that such codes have upon free speech and First Amendment values. Some commentators have suggested that viewing hate speech as a special category of expression, unworthy of traditional protection, will result in unpredictable consequences. Many administrators,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, College Environment, College Students, Freedom of Speech, Higher...
This short speech examines the principal in his various roles as an educational leader, personnel manager, and business manager. It reports evidence indicating that the principal's primary role, that of educational leadership, is being eroded as a consequence of the expansion of his other roles. The author suggests a readjustment of priorities to set the role of the principal in the proper direction. To this end, the author says, some duties traditionally held by the principal must be...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Educational Responsibility,...
Several models for improving school effectiveness are now available, and most of them highlight the principal's leadership role. Unfortunately, administrators do not regularly reflect on the important aspects of their professional roles or analyze the factors that may make it difficult for them to implement given models of effectiveness in their particular settings. This paper proposes a model for self-appraisal by principals. Principals should first review the research literature on competing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Leadership, Models, Principals, Questionnaires, School...
In this paper, the author traces the phases in the historical development of the functions of the principalship in Canada -- from administration by imitation and innovation to the administrator as planner. The author emphasizes the planning function of the principalship and suggests that by delegating more responsibility to staffs and teachers, principals will provide themselves with more time to devote to goal setting and the evaluation of alternatives. (JF)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Role,...
Educational research typically overlooks the significance of the superintendent in improvement efforts. The superintendent must not only be a good manager, but must also provide leadership, direction, vision, and purpose, and must establish an atmosphere conducive to learning. Because effective communication is vital, and in order to avoid confusion, the superintendent must also form an administrative team to maximize interaction and create commitment. One of the key elements of superintendent...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Change Agents, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary...
Certain basic principles must be accepted if colleges and universities are to function in an orderly, purposeful way and to lay down those conditions necessary to insure the presence of effective leadership on the campus. Some basic principles are: (1) a college or university exists to serve the general society that created it and that supports it; (2) its constituencies should be provided with an opportunity to be informed and heard; (3) in the eyes of the law a college or university is its...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Board...
During the 1980s educational administration preparation programs were criticized as being irrelevant to professional administrative life. In response to this criticism, the University Council for Educational Administration reviewed preparation programs in a report entitled "Leader's for America's Schools." The review found that there was a need to define educational leadership, recruit promising candidates for educational leadership, develop collaborative relationships with school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Role,...
This article spins a yarn about the appointment of António Coimbra, the first vice-chancellor of an Australian university, who came from Portugal, well-equipped for the job. Described is his approach to this new role and his unusual way of handling the unexpected task of a vice-chancellor.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, College Presidents, Administrator Role, Leadership Styles,...
The high rate of turnover of college presidents, the scarcity of willing replacements and haphazard recruitment methods are symptoms of a lack of clearly defined administrative needs--one of the most serious management problems in colleges and universities. Directionless institutions in this revolutionary era are likely to surrender to factional pressures and to misplace priorities. Perhaps the position of the president should be modified since neither academic nor managerial skills are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Board Candidates, Educational Objectives, Higher Education,...
Teacher morale is based on the teacher's self-esteem. Teachers who feel appreciated, important to the realization of organizational goals, professionally and intellectually capable of contributing to organizational outcomes, and accepted as competent by their supervisors have the high self- esteem needed for good morale. To develop confidence in teachers and enhance morale, administrators can (1) stand up for those in subordinate positions and recognize their efforts; (2) hire strong people who...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Self Esteem, Teacher...
