Community organization theories are reviewed and principles of social work group practice are delineated for directors of special education. Focused on are such aspects as worker competencies and attitudes, strategies for community change, and organizational structure. The author briefly related the theoretical information to his experience with local school districts in conducting a census of handicapped children. (CL)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Community Change, Community Role, Exceptional Child Research,...
To present a detailed description of what school superintendents actually do, not what they perceive themselves doing or what they ought to do, this project utilized unstructured, nonparticipant observation of six superintendents on the job. Four trained observers recorded the administrators' activities throughout every minute of the workday for one week in the fall, winter, and spring. Different observers were assigned to each day in a week's observation to allow for analysis of interaction...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Data Analysis, Elementary Secondary Education, Interaction...
Although school administrators are not usually thought of as revolutionaries, they are in fact deeply and constructively engaged with concerns that must be called revolutionary. The American school system has grown amazingly since 1920, when only 20 percent of 17 -year-olds attended public schools, compared with nearly 80 percent today. Nearly one third of the entire population is enrolled in public and private institutions, and there has been a striking increase in the number of black...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Change, Educational Finance, Financial Policy, School...
This article discusses the research concerning the relationship between the organizational and social context of schools and principal instructional leadership. The discussion centers on several contextual variables that include school level, staff composition, technical clarity and complexity, and district context. Particular attention is focused on the ways in which the social context of schools influences the principal's leadership role. Findings support the notions that the nature of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Role, Educational Improvement, Elementary...
These proceedings from a conference sponsored by the New England Consortium for the Right to Read discuss the role of administrators in Right to Read programs. Included are discussions of the New England Consortium effort, the role of the administrator in implementing and organizing the reading program, and reports from section meetings on problems and action alternatives in organizing and operationalizing the Right to Read programs. A list of conference participants is also included. (AA)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Conference Reports, Cooperative Programs, Coordination,...
Administrative practices do affect teacher morale, according to a study conducted by Phi Delta Kappa. This handbook describes the study and its findings, presents a review of the relevant literature, and proposes specific methods administrators can use to improve staff morale. The book's first chapter describes the study's objectives: to identify the characteristics of school systems successful in achieving or maintaining high morale, to identify instruments useful for morale evaluation, and to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, Case Studies, Elementary Secondary Education,...
THE ROLE OF A JUNIOR COLLEGE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ADMINISTRATOR IN EFFECTING CURRICULAR INNOVATION WAS STUDIED IN RELATION TO THE FOLLOWING RATIONALE DEVELOPED FOR THE STUDY. CHANGE OR INNOVATION MAY BE PLANNED OR UNPLANNED, IT MAY BE VOLUNTARY OR FORCED, AND IT MAY ORIGINATE WITHIN OR OUTSIDE THE ORGANIZATION. FACTORS AND AGENTS STIMULATING INNOVATION ARE STUDENTS, SOCIETY, TEACHERS, ADMINISTRATORS, BOARDS OF EDUCATION, STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS, PUBLISHERS AND MANUFACTURERS, RESEARCH AND...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Instructional...
This study was conducted to investigate whether state departments of education still issue a certificate for the role of school supervisor, and, if so, to determine the nature of those certificates. The research will be useful in the debate about whether instructional supervisors should be eliminated. The primary sources of data were the certification regulations for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Most states (n=44) still issued certifications that cover supervisors. Six states had...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Certification, Educational Administration, Elementary Secondary...
Public school supervision in the United States has been historically influenced by its roots in western Europe and unique characteristics of the American educational system. Much history of school supervision describes it as a series of disjointed and unrelated events. And supervision appears to simply reflect greater social and educational movements. No clear theme has emerged in the historical study of supervision. A review of research on supervision history reveals that little has been done...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational History, Elementary Secondary Education, Public...
From 1972 to 1994, the academic administrative structure of the Berkeley campus of the University of California was unusual, in that it involved two Provosts, one who was also Dean of the College of Letters and Science, and another who was responsible for the remainder of the academic units, which were for the most part professional schools and colleges. The nature of the Provost-Professional Schools and Colleges position is explored, along with some of the issues addressed by the position and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Professional Education, College Administration, Administrators, Administrative...
While management styles and theories differ among administrators of college radio stations, the views concerning the aspects of college radio, both on and off campus, tend to be consistent. Tendencies inherent to the administration of college radio stations are that: (1) college and university radio stations are operated in an on-going manner; (2) the full-time operation of college and university radio stations are run by part-time/volunteer staffs; (3) funding is limited; (4) the campus...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Behavior, Administrator Role, Community Attitudes, Higher Education,...
The Division of Nursing (DHEW) has been concerned with the quality of nursing manpower and the preparation of nurses for leadership in nursing education, practice, and research. The Division of Nursing held a conference in 1974 for the purpose of exploring the decanal role in baccalaureate and higher degree colleges of nursing. Papers discussed: (1) the decanal role in academic and institutional leadership; (2) the decanal role in the enhancement of educational institutions; (3) educational...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Change, Administrative Organization, Administrator Responsibility,...
This report presents a very detailed look at the elementary school principal's day-to-day activities. The executive summary highlights the study's chief findings and suggests where major problems exist. Although concerns have been raised about student behavior and discipline, results indicate that most elementary principals at the Montgomery County (Maryland) Public Schools (MCPS) can effectively carry out their roles as disciplinarians and a orchestrators of school climate. They are also doing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Discipline, Educational Environment, Elementary Education,...
This proposal for a new plan of governance is based on the assumption that to advance the educational aims of SMU, the 3 major constituencies -- students, faculty, and administrators -- must participate in the decision-making process. Part I of the report outlines the procedures and policies each of the University's schools must follow, and discusses the governance of the University College and the School of Continuing Education. Part II, III, and IV discuss the role and responsibilities in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, College Administration, Decision Making, Faculty, Governance,...
This annotated bibliography lists 15 sources related to grievance procedures in public schools. The documents and journal articles, all from the ERIC system, discuss aspects of written grievance procedures such as the status, definitions, role responsibilities, administration, collective bargaining, and grievance procedure development. Some specific examples of written grievance procedures are cited. (Author)
Topics: ERIC Archive, ERIC, Administrator Role, Annotated Bibliographies, Collective Bargaining, Elementary...
In this digest the functions of an administrator in gifted and talented education are explored. Administrators are seen to have responsibilities in awareness of the students, in community, and the curriculum. Among specific tasks outlined for administrators are developing plans for continuing identification of gifted students, ensuring that instruction is differentiated, and evaluating all facets of the program. Budgeting and motivating are key functions in program development. In providing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Gifted, Inservice Teacher...
The roles and attitudes of public school administrators change as their schools become involved in the Accelerated School project. Traditional definitions of a principal's role--setting goals, leadership, decision making, improvement of teaching and learning, instructional management, staff supervisor, and home-school-community relations--are changed by the Accelerated Schools model. Accelerated Schools traditionally are schools with high concentrations of "at-risk" students that set...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Assistant Principals, Elementary Education, High Risk Students,...
This pamphlet discusses the Modesto Plan, a program designed in 1976 by the Modesto (California) city schools to restore educational standards and public confidence. The school system's statement of principles is defined first, followed by a lengthy discussion of the major elements of the program--academic expectations and student behavior. Specifics for dealing with problems in these areas are then examined in detail. (Author/LD)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Accountability, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary...
This memorandum on the presidency of Harvard University poses some basic questions and makes some tentative suggestions. It deals with three basic issues: (1) the functions and structure of the office of the president; (2) qualifications of the new president; and (3) the procedures for selecting a president. Concerning the first issue questions are raised about the obligations of the new president, delegation of responsibility, the desirability of a limited term of office, and of periodic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, College...
Research on teaching is a pragmatic enterprise that seeks justification in its contributions to a knowledge base for teaching and teacher education. Because professions are generally considered to be occupations that possess specialized knowledge, research on teaching is logically at the heart of discourse about teaching as a profession. This paper assesses the extent to which research on teaching has served as a suitable resource for the profession of teaching and suggests ways in which that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Research, Professional Recognition, Research Needs,...
Accompanying the frequent calls for school reform is the assumption that the leadership needed to bring change will somehow emerge. Education researchers have begun to examine school administrators' leadership skills looking for the characteristics that help or impede efforts to improve education for at-risk students. Personal qualities have an important influence on educational leadership. Research into leadership characteristics has included study of individual factors, situational elements,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Leaders,...
School-based inservice programs are the best way to achieve staff development and keep up with changing educational needs. Effective staff development programs should be comprehensive enough to meet the needs of all school staff. Good programs also help foster collegiality among staff, increase participation and communication, involve parents, and utilize administrative leadership. For principals, working on a district needs-assessment committee or applying for a district grant can facilitate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Guides, Administrator Role, Elementary Education, Inservice Education,...
The Campus Governance Project investigated the nature and significance of the governance processes on 17 institutionally diverse colleges and universities in order to find commonalities across and within institutions. A pre-interview questionnaire was designed to elicit perceived problems at the institution and names of people seen as good sources of information and effective problem solvers. The people most often mentioned as well as a sample of faculty, students, and administrators were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Role, Administrators, Department Heads,...
From an organizational perspective, this paper synthesizes research on instructional leadership at the secondary level to provide principals with useful school management models to overcome obstacles to effective supervision. In addition, this paper analyzes the properties of secondary schools that shape principals' work; reviews their daily tasks; describes models of instructional leadership; delineates specific ways that high school principals influence school and classroom processes to shape...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, High Schools, Instructional Leadership, Leadership...
As part of its school restructuring work with states, the National Governors' Association sponsored a March 1988 working meeting of experts to define common issues confronting educators and policymakers. Besides initiating dialogue between these groups, the meeting concentrated discussion on early state and district efforts. This essay summarizes the session's major themes, identifies school restructuring obstacles, outlines emergent strategies in use, and offers guidance to state-level...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Expectation,...
Mentoring has become an accepted and desirable part of the preservice preparation of educational administrators. This paper focuses on the responsibilities of those who are being mentored, often referred to as "mentees" or "proteges." It is argued that mentoring is a teaching-learning process to which participants bring specific responsibilities. Data were collected through telephone and onsite interviews with 45 experienced school administrators (mentors) and 10 aspiring...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Role, Educational Administration, Elementary...
This bulletin focuses on the role that community plays in creating a positive school environment. Drawing from research and practice, it offers insights and suggestions for helping children form social bonds, instilling in them core values, and serving as a safe haven for those students whose home lives lack a sense of safety. The bulletin begins with a brief discussion of the term "school community." Chapter 1 outlines the essential characteristics of community and notes the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Cooperation, Educational Environment, Elementary...
The Getzels and Guba social systems model was used to develop hypotheses for obtaining knowledge concerning: 1) "real" leadership behavior of department chairmen as described by themselves and faculty; 2) "ideal" leadership behavior of chairmen as described by themselves, deans, and faculty; and 3) responsibility, authority and delegation behaviors reported by deans and chairmen. Normative data about the selection, administrative role, tenure, leadership training, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Administrators, Departments,...
The objectives of the conference were: (1) to identify the factors responsible for large numbers of students leaving Tennessee institutions of higher education before graduation; and (2) to promote correction of such factors on individual campuses. The proceedings consist of: (1) lists of the individual participants and the participating institutions; (2) the program; (3) the papers delivered at the conference, which included: "Faculty Contributions to Dropouts." by Sam C. Webb,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Dropout Prevention, Dropouts, Higher Education, Persistence,...
In August 1970, an institute for newly appointed junior college business managers was planned around the business management function. This function would include purchasing, physical plant, personnel, auxiliary services, and financial records. The following seven speeches from the proceedings are presented: Evolution of Responsibility in the Business Office; Factors Influencing Financial Policy Decisions; Faculty Involvement; Business Managers I Have Known; Budget Formulation; The Business...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, College Administration, Professional Personnel,...
A discussion is presented on how athletic administrators can develop a global athletic promotional plan for the purpose of raising funds for their programs. Such a plan should be established through a meaningful, realistic, and accurate assessment or evaluation process which identifies the needs and limitations as well as the attributes or resources of the athletic entity. The following topics are considered: (1) dealing with internal challenges; (2) integrating athletic promotional activities...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Athletics, Cost Effectiveness, Donors, Financial Support, Fund...
The professional preparation of educators is intensely and intrinsically political; this constitutes the external environment of the dean or chief administrator. What is true in the external environment of professional education is also true in the internal environment of the chief administrator of such programs. The different roles and functions of the administrator create competing pressures and demands that force the administrator to divide his or her time, talents, and energy. This is an...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Administrator Role, Administrators, College...
This keynote address examines the role of the deputy principal and the stress cycle in an educational climate of uncertainty and rapid social and educational change. A profile of the "average" deputy principal is offered, and the term stress is defined. Methods of researching stress are examined. Factors that contribute to stress in school personnel are outlined, including: resources and environment, change and competing demands, meetings, staff, time use, parents, community, networks...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Assistant Principals, School...
This study focused on one southern state's efforts to implement developmentally appropriate practices through a training program for elementary principals. The purposes of the study were to describe the extent to which developmentally appropriate practices were used in grades K-3 in four schools, and to describe the role of the principals in influencing the developmentally appropriate practices to the theory of transfer of training. Literature suggested that only moderate use of developmentally...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Developmentally Appropriate Practices, Elementary Education,...
This paper examines some of the theoretical and practical issues confronting educational administrators who must make decisions regarding the implementation of microcomputers in their schools. A conceptual framework is offered for understanding the stages involved in the innovation decision process. Several attributes of innovations are discussed and the objective and subjective judgments involved in any decision to adopt new educational practices are considered. Among the factors involved in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Computer Oriented Programs, Cost Effectiveness, Decision Making,...
It is pointed out in this discussion of the challenges and difficulties of athletic promotional activities that it is important to realize that improving the overall image of the intercollegiate athletic program should be conducted in a way that is supportive of the total educational and non-educational missions of the institution in which the athletic program is positioned. It is essential that an overall, global athletic marketing plan be developed and nurtured. Such a plan should be...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Athletics, Fund Raising, Higher Education, Institutional Mission,...
Based on a review of the successes and failures experiences by industry in integrating computers into management information systems, the author provided some suggestions for more successful computer utilization by junior college administrators in solving increasing administrative problems. Factors related to the successful use of computers in industry and having relevance for colleges included: extensive executive involvement; a positive environment for change created by the chief executive;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Automation, Computers, Information...
Most new principals suffer from tremendous stress as they enter an entirely different role with a vast array of new challenges and demands. Despite the idiosyncrasies of each school, certain issues arise in almost every case. New principals have to focus on building relationships, attending to their own professional development to refine leadership skills, communicate effectively with a variety of constituents, and be an authentic person. (Contains 18 online resources.)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Leadership, Principals, Stress Variables, Administrator Role, Interpersonal...
This document reports on a study undertaken to identify specific behaviors of secondary school principals that are effective or ineffective in promoting positive school characteristics. The researchers first searched the literature to find an organizational model that would take into account the organization's goals, the means for measuring achievement of the goals, and the factors responsible for their achievement. The literature was further searched to determine accepted characteristics of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Critical Incidents Method, Leadership, Models, Predictor...
Speaking in his capacity as trustee, the author deals with the role of trustees in academic decisionmaking. He emphasizes the pivotal nature of that role, arguing that because the institution's basic activity is public business, the management of it must clearly link reasonability with public accountability. He supports the prevailing faculty view that trustees have little business in the classrooms. He suggests that one function of the trustees should be to bring a broad experience of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, Educational Administration, Governing Boards,...
This set of guidelines published by the California State Department of Education Right to Read Unit is intended for principals setting up a Right to Read Program in their schools. Suggestions presented for the role of the principals prior to commitment to a Right to Read program include meeting with the Right to Read Local Education Agency Director (LEAD) to become familiar with the goals of the program, being sure that they support Right to Read's concept of staff involvement in planning and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Guides, Administrator Role, Educational...
Findings of a study that examined the relationship between superintendents' leadership styles and educational change are presented in this paper, with a focus on the implementation of the EDUCATION 2000 National Model Schools Network, a site-based school improvement and restructuring initiative of the American Forum for Global Education. The project seeks to identify student needs for the 21st century and to design a comprehensive K-12 curriculum plan to meet those needs. Data were collected...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Leadership,...
Among the many truisms in the management of higher education is that success in a college or university development program depends heavily upon the knowledge, skills and attitude of the president. Yet most presidents come to the job whith minimal experience in fund raising. The presidential selection process itself tends to underemphasize this particular aptitutde. Many if not most of the other activities over which the president must preside can be delegated to experts but the function of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Administrator Role, Bibliographies, Developmental Programs,...
Bricoleur, as presented herein, is used metaphorically and in a postmodern or post-formal (Kinch- eloe & Steinberg, 1999) sense to represent methods, practices and cultural materials that the scholar-practitioner uses as she/he interacts in the complex web of relationships among knowledge, inquiry, practice, and learning. The purpose of this discussion is to critically examine the role of the school leader within the multiple contexts of the school. Specifically, I offer an examination of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Instructional Leadership, Leadership Responsibility, Inquiry,...
The primary purpose of this manual is the provision of instructions to district supervisors and exercise administrators regarding the fieldwork associated with the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) study. The study was designed to collect and disseminate data on the educational attainments of the nation's youth and to track any growth or decline in these. Background information on the NAEP and associated agencies constitutes the introduction. The fourteen chapters, with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Data Collection, National Surveys,...
Within the framework of UNESCO's program in the field of educational policies, planning and administration, the training of educational planners, and the training and upgrading of educational administration staff is a high priority concern. Addressed to both trainers and practitioners, this three-part handbook stresses the development of training competencies, including training materials. To introduce trainers to the educational management scene in Asia and the Pacific, part A discusses some...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Administration, Educational Planning, Elementary...
The author examines the factors of school administration today that have buoyed the rise of the importance of attorneys as members of the school district "management team"; and he discusses the legal and social environment in which a school administration must function. In addition, the author discusses the impact of such environmental forces as the increasing role of the courts in defining and protecting student rights; the expanded expectations of education; and the increased...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, Lawyers, Legal Aid, Legal Responsibility, School...
A school budget is a carefully drawn plan to allow for the efficient educational operation of the school. Everyone connected with the management of an independent school has something to learn about a budget, the most obvious person being the new headmaster. Similarly, all department heads, the librarian, the athletic director, the members of the faculty-salary committee, a beginning teacher full of enthusiasm about a new film program, perhaps a student leader concerned about getting things...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Budgeting, Budgets, Educational Finance, Private Schools, Staff...
Different researchers have suggested a variety of definitions for democratic leadership. As there is no one generally accepted definition, it is difficult to categorically characterize a style as democratic. Democracy in a pure form is based on the assumption that no member of the group is superior to other members. In operation, no organization exists as a pure democracy and no leadership can exemplify pure democracy. Society and organizations recognize the person with superior judgment and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Administrator Role, Decentralization, Decision Making,...
Securing funds to support a project does not necessarily guarantee its success. For any venture to be successful it must be undergirded by an effective management system. Discussed are four basic questions on the topic of effective project management. (1) When should project management start? (2) Who is responsible for the effective management project? (3) What elements need to be considered in effective project management? (4) When are the responsibilities of the project manager completed?...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Administrator Role, Facilities, Financial Support, Higher Education,...
