Recent medical and surgical advances as well as court decisions have led to special education programs serving a growing number of students with extreme medical and educational needs. Particularly close bonding between the special education teacher and student with severe disabilities can occur, as the teacher provides so many services and works with the same child year after year. As student death is a real possibility, teachers need to receive training in how to respond to death. This paper...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Bereavement, Death, Elementary Secondary Education, Emotional...
This proceedings document includes 11 papers presented at a 1992 symposium on the impact of current educational reform initiatives on students with learning disabilities. Preceding the papers is a summary of the outcomes of the symposium, which are enumerated in terms of questions generated, commonalities, unresolved topics, and next steps. Papers have the following titles and authors: "Education Reform: The Future Is a Continuation of Times Past" (Judith Schrag); "Education...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Boards of Education, Educational Change, Educational Needs,...
The decline in the number of Catholic sisters, brothers, and priests serving as teachers and administrators in Catholic schools has been accompanied by an increase in the number of men and women educators from the laity. This handbook presents guidelines for preparing the laity to teach and administer effectively in Catholic schools. Specifically, it seeks to prepare them to communicate the nature and purpose of Catholic education and to lead others to reflect on the fundamental purposes that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Catholic Schools, Elementary...
The first 16 pages of the report describe the development of the day care administrator training project. They describe: the identification of 32 areas of administrative skill which the curriculum focuses on; the organization of the curriculum along Gagne's model through a task analysis of the terminal, enabling, and teaching objectives; and the development of instructional materials on the basis of cognitive organizers, that is, comprehensive, systematic statements of major learning...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Administrator Education, Administrator Role, Cognitive...
The effect of political influences on the allocation of personnel, money, facilities, and equipment by elementary school principals is discussed in this paper. The use of Zald's political economy framework as a tool for understanding the principal's role in allocating resources is described by the author. He suggests that the principal occupies a pivotal position (between the school and central office) through which resources flow. The author comments on the constraints and channels that are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Education, Political Influences, Power Structure,...
This module on owning and operating a hair styling shop is one of 36 in a series on entrepreneurship. The introduction tells the student what topics will be covered and suggests other modules to read in related occupations. Each unit includes student goals, a case study, and a discussion of the unit subject matter. Learning activities are divided into individual activities, discussion questions, and a group activity. Units (and subject matter) in this module are planning your business (services...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Advertising, Business Administration, Business Education,...
Designed to provide pre- and inservice vocational education administrators with the skills necessary to manage vocational buildings and equipment, this competency-based learning module consists of an introduction and six sequential learning experiences. Each learning experience contains an overview with objectives and required and optional learning activities. Topics covered in the first five learning experiences are (1) critiquing administrator performance in assigning facilities to internal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Behavioral...
School administrators suffer greater stress from administrative constraints than from any other stress factors, according to a survey of over 1,150 Oregon elementary and secondary principals and vice-principals, superintendents, and central office administrators. Researchers isolated 35 stressors, or stress-inducing situations, that could be grouped into 5 categories of 7 stressors each: administrative constraints, administrative responsibilities, interpersonal relations, intrapersonal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Problems, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Role,...
To provide background material for those interested in tele-communication in education and for those planning to implement such programs in their schools, a research study was conducted to gather information from a variety of sources including educational and technical experts, conference participation, visits to schools conducting projects, and the recent literature in the field. The study surveys five aspects of tele-communication beginning with the advantages and utility of television in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Audiovisual Aids, Costs, Educational Improvement, Educational...
This report presents the ideas and experiences of school personnel attending a three-session workshop (in 1967) devoted to quality integrated education. Participants came from already desegregated schools in New York City, and from the Human Relations Unit staff of the Board of Education. Included are sections discussing the school setting, inservice and preservice staff training, interpersonal relationships in school and between school and community, and curriculum and materials. One part is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Curriculum, Educational Environment, Educational Quality,...
The purpose of this paper was to define the role of the administrator of vocational education in the single-college junior college district. Comparisons were made among the definitions provided in the pertinent literature, the job descriptions given by several colleges, and the interpretation of their role as seen by a sample of vocational administrators. While agreement was found between the literature and the job descriptions (probably as a result of the latter evolving from the former),...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Administrators, Two Year Colleges,...
The specific concern of this bulletin is with: (1) an examination of procedures and personnel involvement in policy development in the area of academic affairs, and (2) an examination of the actual implementation of academic policy within 9 private or church-related liberal arts colleges. An analysis of academic administration with regard to faculty, personnel, curriculum, instruction, student services, budget, and the dean's office is contained in the bulletin as well as a summary of academic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Education, Administration, Administrative Organization, Administrative...
This speech, focused on the role of the principal in an accountable system, urges that objectives must be established for principals as well as for students and teachers. The author discusses the need for specifying distinctive leadership behaviors that contribute to the total institutional productivity. Only through the principal's initiative, the author urges, can the conflict between the push for more humaneness in schools and the demand for school accountability be resolved. (JF)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountability, Administrator Role, Administrators, Behavioral Objectives, Leadership...
Innovative behavior in the schools is determined by market structure, in which the schools behave as a special type of public utility, and by bureaucratic incentives which govern the schools' motivation and ability to implement change. The market incentives for school districts are systematically different from those of a competitive firm, resulting in a different pattern of innovations. The main bureaucratic influences are bureaucratic safety, influence of external pressures, and peer elite...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Adoption (Ideas), Bibliographies, Bureaucracy, Educational...
Ninety-five elementary principals from 14 northern Illinois school districts participated in a study of the role of school principals in bringing about educational change. The study indicated that elementary school principals recognized needs for establishing effective communication and good working relationships with their constituents. Principals utilized a variety of methods for actively promoting change. Central office personnel rated experienced principals and those employing paid teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Change Agents, Educational Change,...
Public school administrators must develop new organizational structures to meet declines in expenditures, enrollments, student performance, and staff motivation. In doing so they must be sure to coordinate changes at the organizational level with changes at the individual level. Development of new structures should take into account the purposes of the changes, the work technology, the organization's stage of development, and the surrounding culture. Structural changes at the organizational...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Faculty Development, Individual...
This exhaustive treatment of sex equity in education is designed to provide background on and insights into the sex equity in education movement as well as information and strategies for developing the skills needed to carry out the mandates of Title IX. The book includes a discussion of the legal aspects of Title IX, of procedures for implementing the law, and of the handling of negative public attitudes, financial support, instructional materials, and human rights issues. In addition, it...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Affirmative Action, Civil Liberties, Civil Rights Legislation,...
Seven series of newspaper articles on effective elementary and secondary schools are presented. A brief foreword explains the theme of the articles--identifying what makes good schools work. The seven sets of articles include the following: (1) "Middle Schools: How They Change the Lives of Students in Montana," by Mea Andrews; (2) "How High Schools Serve Minorities in Texas," by Linda Austin; (3) "How Inner City Schools Work for Minority Children," by John McManus,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Affluent Youth, Disadvantaged Youth, Elementary Secondary...
This principal's manual, one of a series of nine staff development guides prepared by the Philadelphia School District, clarifies roles and responsibilities of various staff members and parents in providing programs to meet the career and vocational education needs of mildly to moderately handicapped students. Designed to be relevant to the specific needs of secondary school principals, this manual is organized into four sections. The first section provides an overview of vocational and career...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accessibility (for Disabled), Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role,...
In five sections, this handbook provides information for directors of religious education (DRE's) in Catholic schools covering the catechetical ministry and the DRE, the functions of the DRE, hiring procedures, compensation and benefits, and evaluation. Section 1 discusses catechesis in the Church today, the DRE as minister of the Word, and fundamental qualities suggested by authoritative Church documents to be characteristic of the life and work of the DRE. Section 2 explores the functions of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Evaluation, Administrator Guides, Administrator Responsibility,...
This document states the position of the National Association of Elementary School Principals regarding the essential ingredients of a fine elementary or middle school. It combines the findings of current research on effective schooling with the practical, onsite experience of working principals. After a brief introduction, these standards are grouped into seven major categories: organization, leadership, curriculum, instruction, training and development, school climate, and evaluation and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Assessment, Educational Environment, Educational...
In 1980 the Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) Public Schools recognized needs for significant improvement in staff evaluation, student achievement, individual school effectiveness, and the clarification of systemwide objectives and expectations. The instructional leadership committee appointed to establish a unified approach to effective instruction reviewed the literature and created a staff development team committed to developing principals as instructional leaders. The training that the principals...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Faculty Development, High Schools, Inservice Teacher Education,...
A study conducted in Massachusetts between October 1986 and May 1987 assessed the behaviors and skills principals exhibit when they make curricular revisions. Questionnaires were sent to all superintendents in Massachusetts, of which 48 were returned. From the information furnished by these questionnaires, 18 principals were selected for onsite visits and observations. Ultimately, only 14 of the principals were observed. Actual curriculum development meetings between principals and teachers...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Qualifications, Administrator Role, Curriculum Development, Elementary...
Module 6 of a 17-module self-instructional course on student financial aid administration (for novice aid administrators and other personnel) presents a systematic introduction to the management of federal financial aid programs authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act with an emphasis on general student eligibility. Identifying the timing and frequency for determining eligibility, recognizing the documents used to establish or confirm eligibility, and recognizing student default loan...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, College Students, College Transfer...
Future school responses to child sexual abuse (CSA) should occur within a community context. As Canadian schools try to implement CSA prevention programs, changes in the community such as improved child care programs should occur simultaneously. A summary of CSA facts, new initiatives at the national level, and the role of the community, school, and principal in responding to CSA are reviewed. A comprehensive school health program is the most effective means for schools to respond to CSA....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Child Abuse, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries,...
This paper uses the research findings of a longitudinal national study to examine the changing role of headteachers (principals) in England and Wales. The first section provides some basic information about the United Kingdom education system and a short historical perspective on the traditional role of the headteacher. Education in the United Kingdom is currently undergoing unprecedented change; legislation, particularly the Education Reform Act of 1988, is bringing about restructuring on a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Comparative Education, Educational...
Reassessment of the role of the superintendent largely has been excluded from the educational reform movement of the 1980s. This paper contends that superintendents must utilize a new "leaderly" model of active instructional leadership in superintending to improve the education of students. The paper is a tool for those working to include revision of the superintendent's role in educational reform. The first section reviews the evolution of the superintendent's role and the emerging...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Development, Elementary Secondary Education,...
The role of an alcoholic and other drug (AOD) program coordinator is described in this paper, with attention given to simplifying multiple administrative roles and responsibilities. The AOD problem is reconceptualized as a dilemma to be managed rather than solved. A comprehensive campus program is defined in terms of three elements: program components, target populations, and the chemical-use status of the target population. From a systems perspective, functions of the program coordinator...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Alcohol Abuse, Cooperative Planning, Cooperative Programs, Drug...
The 1988 School Reform Act (Illinois PA 85-1418) mandated that Chicago's public schools be managed locally by school-based management councils. Principals in Chicago public schools work with their local school councils (LSCs) to effect plans concerning school management, budgeting, school improvement, staffing, and curricular concerns. This report presents findings of a study that investigated Chicago principals' and school councils' perceptions of the principalship under school reform. Data...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Board...
This paper summarizes research findings related to the performance behaviors of effective school principals. It identifies eight characteristics of effective schools: (1) schoolwide measurement and recognition of academic success; (2) high emphasis on curriculum articulation; (3) support for instructional tasks; (4) high expectations and clear goals for student performance; (5) collaborative planning with the faculty; (6) instructional leadership; (7) an orderly, studious environment; and (8)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role,...
This paper examines perceptions of regular and special educators concerning the frequency and importance of collaborative practices in inclusive schools. Eighty schools in four rural counties of southern Ohio were ranked according to students' grade point average. A questionnaire was distributed to regular and special educators serving on collaborative teams in 24 schools that represented the top and bottom 15 percent of ranked schools. Responses from 66 teachers and principals reveal that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Educational Cooperation, Educational...
This guide is the fourth in a series of guidelines designed to be a framework for positive action at the school site and in the classroom through the High Schools That Work (HSTW) program, an effort to raise the achievement of career-bound students. It details the process of accomplishing the HSTW's goals through an ongoing staff development program. Discussed first are the HSTW's goals of transforming schools into learning organizations for all students and making teachers key players at HSTW...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Demonstration Programs, High School Students, High Schools,...
This article on what principals should know about reading addresses the issue of how to prepare students to become competent lifelong readers. It lays the foundation for bringing about high gains in reading motivation and achievement, and presents five basic premises and sets of recommendations for each premise. The premises are: (1) children learn from modeling; (2) it is natural for children to enjoy reading and to be motivated to read; (3) learning to read should be easy and fun; (4) good...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Reading Achievement, Reading...
"Academic Achievement, Culture, and Literacy: An Introduction" by John Attinasi provides a framework for the title paper. Multiculturalism requires not only a change in curriculum, but a change in school climate and pedagogy. Communication is critical, given the centrality of language and the variety of linguistic expression in homes and schools. "Multicultural Education: Challenges to Administrators and School Leadership" by Carol D. Lee reviews the difficulties in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Administrator Role, Administrators, Citizenship Education,...
San Antonio College, a college of the Alamo Community College District, develops a system of academic program review in order to ensure effective and efficient delivery of the instructional services provided at the institution. This document provides guidelines on completing a program review. Through the review, the college aims to produce the following results: (1) provide opportunity for the self-evaluation of the program by the faculty; (2) identify program needs and inform faculty and stage...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, College Faculty, Community Colleges, Curriculum Design,...
Global leadership in higher education by American colleges and universities is increasingly at risk, ironically by the very forces the institutions helped to create. Advances in technology and telecommunications and a remaking of the global economy have created a world in which interdisciplinary, cross-border research and discovery are the norm and expectations for students prepared to live, work and contribute to an interconnected world are high. Institutions that are able to prepare...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Global Approach, College Presidents, Administrator Role, Leadership...
With a growing number of courses offered online and degrees offered through the Internet, there is a considerable interest in online education, particularly as it relates to the quality of online learning instruction. The major concerns are centering on the following questions: What will be the new role for instructor in online education? How will students' learning outcomes be assured and improved in online learning environment? How will effective communication and interaction be established...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Quality, Quality Control, Online Courses, Internet, Higher Education,...
In the spring of 2004, the Arkansas Association of School Administrators and the Arkansas Association of Middle Level Education surveyed all public school middle school principals in the State of Arkansas as to the degree of implementation of middle school programming. This document reports the results of the survey. Conclusions are drawn from the research and "lessons learned" are presented at the end of the report. The survey instrument is included in the appendix.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Principals, Middle Schools, Public Schools, Program Implementation, Administrator...
In recognition of the critically important role that principals play in ensuring both student and teacher success in school, the Center began incorporating data on education leadership into these reports, and in the spring of 2010, convened the first policy forum on leadership entitled "Strengthening Teaching Practice: The Role and Responsibilities of School Site Leaders". Forum participants included teachers, principals, superintendents, policymakers, and researchers. Their charge...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teacher Effectiveness, Leadership Effectiveness, Educational Change, Instructional...
Through generous support from the Kresge Foundation, Lumina Foundation, USA Funds, and Walmart Foundation, the National Commission on Asian American and Pacific Islander Research on Education (CARE) teamed up with the Asian & Pacific Islander American Scholarship Fund (APIASF) and three AANAPISI campus partners--City College of San Francisco, De Anza College, and South Seattle Community College--to create the Partnership for Equity in Education through Research (PEER). With a goal of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Partnerships in Education, Equal Education, Educational Research, Asian American...
The Portuguese came to Macau in the 16th century, Macao has become part of China again since 1999. Under the strong economic growth in recent years, the Macao government has invested substantial human, material and financial resources for the implementation of IT in education in Macau since 2001. This paper reviewed the development of IT in education in Macao, including hardware development, the integration of IT into teaching and learning and other informal forms of support by the government...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Information Technology, Technology Integration, Foreign Countries, Economic Progress,...
The current study was constructed based on the recommendations of a previous study (McHenry & Borger, 2013). Though inquiry-based teaching has long been touted as an effective pedagogy, its application by middle school science teachers has been problematic. Using tools developed from the previous study in conjunction with professional development grounded in instructional coaching, the program attempted to support middle school teachers in making informed instructional decisions that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Faculty Development, Middle School Teachers, Secondary School Science, Science...
This booklet, which is addressed to individuals interested in funding service learning programs, examines possible sources of funding for service learning and shares grant-writing tips from experienced educators and grant writers. The booklet begins with a map of the 13 steps in the grant process. The administrator's role in grant seeking is discussed, and characteristics of administrators who successfully lead the grant-writing process are enumerated. The following potential sources of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Citizenship Education, Financial Support, Grants, Grantsmanship,...
The principal is the educational leader of the school and he or she needs to guide teachers in using quality learning opportunities for pupils to achieve objectives. The reading curriculum cuts across all curriculum areas and needs updating continuously to assist pupils to achieve as well as possible. In supervising reading instruction, there are five main approaches considered: (1) the use of phonics; (2) the use of context clues; (3) word recognition clues using syllabication skills; (4) word...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Context Clues, Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, Curriculum...
Administrative Code 3301-27-01, revised in June 1995, replaces what was previously known as the sports medicine certification program. The revision changes requirements for individuals who supervise, direct, or coach a pupil activity program that involves athletes, routine/regular physical activity, or health and safety consideration as determined by the local board of education. Section 1, "For School Administration," lists responsibilities, those affected by the standard, two...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Athletes, Athletic Coaches,...
Calls for greater accountability in higher education have prompted responses from most faculty and administrators that self-regulation is the answer. This paper takes a quantitative approach to examining how administrative behavior is regulated, applying a social control perspective to the issues of sanctioning, detecting, and deterring deviance. A cross-sectional analysis of reported cases of wrongdoing in the "Chronicle of Higher Education" for 1986-87 and 1996-97 examined...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Behavior, Administrator Role, Behavior Standards, Codes of Ethics,...
This study examines the role of community college presidents as the two-year institution faces changing and expanding issues and challenges. The author argues that the community college president must be adept at assembling a leadership team if he/she is going to be an effective administrator. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and collected data using a mailed survey. The author randomly selected 300 community college presidents from a target population of 463 presidents of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Behavior, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Role, Age, Age...
According to Erlandson and Bifano (1987), teacher empowerment is a vital dimension of the school's organization. Lieberman (1989) defined teacher empowerment as "empowering teachers to participate in group decisions and to have real decision-making roles in the school community" (p. 24). Furthermore, Summers (2006) addressed the need for professionals to be well rounded in the process of articulating needs. Furthermore, teachers may need to learn decision making strategies and to help...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Inservice Teacher Education, Participative Decision Making, Teacher Empowerment,...
"Values, purposes, and understandings are fragile achievements and give way all too readily to attitudes of futility, frustration, and doubt" (Kritsonis, 2007, pg. 7). Ethical decision-making is one way for school leaders to contribute to improving education. Effecting change is the duty of school principals; this may often come in making decisions that are controversial, and give way to the question of ethics. An ethical dilemma occurs when electing one best moral action from two...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Principals, Ethics, Decision Making, Academic Achievement,...
This article addresses several key ongoing issues in a large urban school district. Literature focuses on what make a large urban school district effective in Human Resource Management. The effectiveness is addressed through recruitment and retention practices. A comparison of the school district with current research is the main approach to the investigation. The most valuable resource in the education of students is the quality of the people hired for this specific assignment.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Strategic Planning, School Districts, Human Resources, Urban Schools, School...
