This paper is premised on the belief that school leaders can influence the climate and culture of schools, thereby affecting student learning outcomes. Leaders for Change, an inservice training program developed and tested by the National Center for School Leadership, was greatly influenced by the thinking of Doug Mitchell, who, in "Principal Leadership: A Theoretical Framework," distinguishes between transactional and transformational leadership styles. Transactional leadership...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Role, Educational Change, Elementary...
This document presents findings of a 1992 study of New York State school superintendents. Questionnaires sent by the New York State Council of School Superintendents (NYSCOSS) to 766 NYSCOSS members yielded 480 returns, a 63 percent response rate. The questionnaire examined demographics, contractual issues, retirement plans, and perceptions of education issues. Fifty-six percent of the superintendents said that they planned to retire by the year 2000, which will create a "leadership...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Role, Board...
This paper presents findings of a study that: (1) identified the most salient organization, personal, and professional factors contributing to administrator burnout; and (2) determined the relationship among these variables to each of the three dimensions of burnout. Data were obtained from a survey of 1,000 school administrators--169 elementary principals, 149 junior high/middle principals, 177 high school principals, and 161 superintendents--which produced 656 usable returns. Three subscales...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Burnout, Coping, Elementary Secondary Education, Emotional...
How attitudes of parents, teachers, and students toward computers affect the integration and use of computer technology in schools was studied at an elementary school in Texas. Whether these attitudes changed with the introduction of computer technology and the implications of involving parents in the planning of curriculum and activities was also examined. The school purchased Macintosh computers and implemented computer training and laboratory access for teachers, parents, and students. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Attitude Change, Case Studies, Community Support, Computer...
Today, prevailing views of leadership suggest that the principal's role should not be to direct others but to create a school culture in which decisions are made collaboratively. Such "facilitative" leadership exercises power through others, not over them. The basic question is whether or not these two leadership styles are mutually exclusive. The development of a school mission is an example of an administrative function that combines both leadership perspectives. Principals work to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Instructional Leadership,...
The movement of women into line school administrative positions has fueled the debate over whether females and males lead in different ways. This paper presents findings of a study that examined the "lived" experience of two female high school principals. Data were collected through observation and indepth interviews. Although the women had different personalities and leadership styles, the following themes emerged: (1) they spent most of their time in brief, unplanned, verbal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Effectiveness, Administrator Role, Females, High Schools,...
This module is part of a set of management and supervisor training (MAST) materials developed by the Department of Energy for the Waste Isolation Division. Its stated purpose is to enable trainees to define their responsibilities and authority as a manager or supervisor. The first section of the module is an introduction that includes a terminal objective and opening remarks intended to focus the trainees' attention on the subjects discussed in the module. Most other module sections begin with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Adult Education, Behavioral...
There is a lack of empirical evidence describing the actual problems encountered by school leaders and the knowledge that they use to find solutions to those problems. This paper presents findings of a study that explored the problems faced by members of a graduate educational-administration class. The participants, 22 practicing public school administrators, first recorded the decisions and problems that they had faced over the span of one week. They then analyzed the problems according to 17...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Decision...
The growing diversity of school populations demands that administrators possess not only an understanding of the role of culture in creating school climate, but also the skills and desire to apply that knowledge. In addition, there is a need to increase the number of American Indian role models in teaching and educational administration. This paper explores the meanings of culture and world view and their role in creating climate, examines the roles of administrators as cultural mediators, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Role, American Indian Culture, American...
For 2 decades, schools in the United Kingdom and in western economies in general have experienced rapid change. Many schools, however, look less like learning organizations today than they did before the introduction of the Education Reform Act in 1988. This paper reports on an ongoing series of case studies of school improvement that developed high-involvement strategies of middle management. The paper explores why key ideas of the learning organization and high-involvement management are so...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Improvement, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign...
This study identified and compared the environmental pressures and work-related stresses that impact the chairs of academic departments at universities in Australia and the United States. Surveys were mailed to every department chair at all 40 Australian universities (1680 chairs) with a 51 percent response rate. Surveys were also mailed to a sample of 800 chairs in the United States with a 66 percent response rate. Chair stress was examined within each group and compared across the groups....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Behavior, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Role, College...
This booklet presents suggestions for things people can do to help meet the America Reads Challenge of having all children read well and independently by the end of third grade. One of the ways to meet this challenge is through the research-based community reading initiative, called READ*WRITE*NOW!, which encourages students to read and write at least 30 minutes a day for 5 days a week. The introduction discusses how to start an after-school, weekend, or summer literacy program. The booklet...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Beginning Reading, Community Involvement, Literacy, Parent...
This paper reports the perspectives of county-level supervisors who have been important in advancing state-mandated school reforms in West Virginia. A chronological background on West Virginia school reform from 1982 through 1997 covers legislation related to the "Recht Decision," state reform initiatives, creation of the School Building Authority, and rural opposition to school consolidation. County financial disparities and accreditation indicators are reviewed. The qualitative...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Central Office Administrators, Change...
This how-to guide, which is designed to assist state and local welfare reform efforts, explains how to design, implement, and manage mandatory stay-in-school (learnfare) programs for teenage parents on welfare. The following topics are discussed in the guide's five chapters: the importance of focusing on teen parents on welfare, Ohio's Learning, Earning, and Parenting (LEAP) program model, and other programs for teen parents; targeting issues (determining program exemption criteria, making the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Check Lists, Dropout Prevention, Early Parenthood, Educational...
Executive headteachers (EHTs) are becoming increasingly prevalent as the self-improving school system matures; there are over 620 EHTs in the school workforce today; and the number recorded in the School Workforce Census (SWC) has increased by 240 per cent between 2010 and 2014. The role is still evolving locally and nationally and, as EHTs take responsibility for ever more schools in England, their role will be crucial to the effectiveness of multi-school groupings in the self-improving school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Principals, Administrator Role, Administrator Characteristics,...
This document is a technical appendix to the report "Executive Headteachers: What's in a Name? A Full Report of the Findings." It provides a detailed account of the methodology used to obtain the data on which the report is based. The research explored the prevalence and nature of the executive headteacher role, in order to inform policy and practice implications for organisations involved with leadership development, school governing boards and those appointing to the role, and the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Principals, School Administration, Qualitative Research,...
The school improvement came into question that schools meet the educational needs has been made to make it more effective, changing in parallel globalization. The purpose of school improvement is to rise levels of student achievement and school environment to increase participation. In this context, the basic aim of this study was to determine the ideas of the principals about school improvement and what strategies they use in order to improve their schools. The research was conducted with the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Principals, Administrator Attitudes, Educational Improvement, Improvement Programs,...
Professional isolation has hampered the quality of the work experience for employees inside and outside public education for decades. This study explores the role that isolation plays in predicting the quality of the work experience among new principals. The analysis tests whether isolation serves as a mediator in the relationship between factors that are known to affect the quality of work life of principals (social support; role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload; and participation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Professional Isolation, Beginning Principals, Quality of Working Life, Job...
Teacher retention is an ongoing problem in hard-to-staff schools. This research examined the relationship between principal support and retention of teachers in hard-to-staff schools. The purpose of this study was to, (a) to determine the relationship between teacher retention and principal support, (b) to examine the perception of support between teachers and principals and how these perceptions affect teacher retention in hard-to-staff schools, and (c) to discover if there is a correlation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Labor Turnover, Teacher Persistence, Principals, Administrator Role, Teacher...
This research aims to determine the effects of the leadership roles of administrators who work at special education schools upon organizational climate. This research has been conducted using the case study technique, which is a kind of qualitative research approach. The study group of this research consists of four administrators including three men and a woman who work in four different special education and rehabilitation centers in Sivas. The data have been collected by semi-structured...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Leadership Role, Administrator Role, Special Education, Special Schools,...
A study of the influence of academic discipline, sex and nationality on the definition of the role of the head of a university department indicates the importance of discipline, the coordinator or representative role, and the lack of influence of nationality on expectations. (JMF)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Role, College Faculty, Demography,...
A survey of 112 higher education institutions in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Flanders (Belgium) sought information about governance and decision-making structures, including the involvement of faculty, administrators, and governing councils at different levels; areas in which these actors participate (curriculum, research programs, budgeting, administrator selection, faculty selection, institutional policy formation); and methods of decision making. (MSE)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Organization, Administrator Role, Administrator Selection, Budgeting,...
This study examined the work of a principal of a Midwestern urban elementary school who used instructional supervision as a means of developing a learning community for adults. Implementing a variety of approaches adapted to the culture of the school, the principal crafted a process to meet the learning needs of 125 teachers and created an environment conducive to staff development. Also examined are other complementary practices in relation to the interconnected nature of supervision and staff...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Leadership, Educational Change, Principals, Urban Areas, Elementary Schools, Case...
This paper was part of a symposium focusing on the role of educational administrators in school-based research. The author states that the role of research for the school administrator should be to support decision-making, both in providing a rational basis on which decisions can be made and in helping administrators feel confident their decisions are good because they are based on true conditions. (Author/MLF)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Decision Making, Educational Planning, Educational Research,...
This paper is concerned with policy-making and policy processes in education and with the role of the administrator in these processes. More specifically it aims to explore ten conceptual tools or models that appear to have utility in developing our understanding of these areas. This examination includes policy-making and policy processes in educational organizations and agencies and also policy-making for or with respect to education by legislatures, politicians, and central departments or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Administrators, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary...
This publication discusses intrinsic teacher motivation by reviewing human resources literature and making use of educational literature and interviews with working educators. First it provides sketches of the work motivation theories of McGregor, Maslow, Herzberg, and Deci. Next, the paper examines the work and problems of teachers. Finally, it offers a review of strategies for enhancing the motivation of teachers, such as praising and providing feedback. The paper concludes that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Elementary Secondary Education, Job Satisfaction, Literature...
This second edition of a monograph provides updated information on court decisions concerning college student publications and underground newspapers to acquaint advisers, administrators, and students with college student press law. Chapters of the monograph examine freedom of speech on the college campus; the relationship between colleges and student publications; permissible control by administrators; administrators as censors; the conflicting roles of publications advisers; a publication's...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Censorship, Court Litigation, Faculty Advisers, Freedom of...
This document was developed to (1) help clarify the various concepts of retention and attrition within a unifying conceptual framework, (2) synthesize the research on retention and attrition, and (3) examine the implications of the research for postsecondary administrators and researchers. Retention and attrition research pertains to both the percentages of students who complete programs and the reasons for completion or attrition. Practical considerations concerning attrition and retention...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Persistence, Administrator Role, Definitions, Dropout Prevention, Dropout...
According to non-Indian educators, American Indian children in public schools often pose discipline problems that cannot be handled with traditional non-Indian methods such as spanking, scolding, yelling, or isolation. The elements of Indian discipline (shaming, ridicule, threats of punishment by supernatural figures, storytelling, community pressure) are usually absent in the non-Indian classroom. Other cultural differences that may cause educational problems are the Indian emphasis on the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, American Indian Culture, American Indian Education, American...
The 11 items in this annotated bibliography on school-based management provide information on the pros and cons of the decentralization of budgeting, the administrative role, site management, and decision-making. Also discussed are the autonomy of schools, principals as educators with managerial skills, and education vouchers. The publications reviewed support the concept of school-based management because it encourages greater flexibility and faculty commitment, more effective communication,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Annotated Bibliographies, Budgeting, Community Involvement,...
Data from interviews with elementary school principals are examined for insights into the impact of administrative style on evaluation utilization. Characteristics of 23 principals' administrative styles are classified as being either "compliance" (CO) or "non-compliance" (NCO) oriented. CO principals are characterized by the following: (1) focuses on implementing the policies of the Board of Education and on complying with federal guidelines; (2) has trouble identifying...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Decision Making, Elementary Secondary...
Semistructured interviews were used to query school staffs, administrators, and school board members in this exploratory field study of successful high schools implementing an individualized program. Analysis of results suggest these possible findings regarding factors that may support or inhibit the implementation of innovations: (1) The most important intraorganizational factor supporting implementation appeared to be the principal; (2) most teachers reported being ill-prepared in the new...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Cooperative Programs, Curriculum, Decentralization, Financial...
Intended as a guide for educators in shared decision-making, this report summarizes the structures, procedures, and activities of local action teams in 49 schools involved in the National Institute of Education's Research and Development Utilization (RDU) program. Local action teams in the RDU program consisted of formal groups of teachers and administrators empowered to make decisions on local school improvement using decision-making models based on problem-solving and knowledge utilization....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Case Studies, Educational Improvement, Elementary Secondary...
This report by the Comptroller General to the United States Congress discusses the review made of the Department of Education's National Diffusion Network, particularly its efforts to improve Title I reading programs through information dissemination on exemplary projects. Chapter one examines the Department of Education's dissemination activities, administration of Title I responsibilities and objectives, scope, and methodology of Title I projects. Chapter two discusses the need to improve the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Educational Innovation, Elementary Secondary Education,...
After first glancing at previous research suggesting that schools (and principals) had little effect on students, this research review focuses on six research studies that suggest the opposite: schools (and their principals) can make an important difference in student achievement. The review highlights Michael Rutter's three-year study of British ten-year olds, which concluded that the "ethos" or norms of a school exert more influence on students than any other factor. Also discussed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator...
An educational voucher demonstration program begun in 1972 developed into an experiment in alternative education within a public school framework and served as a springboard for a study of the nature and effectiveness of alternative programs generally. By the time the data gathering was completed in 1977, four middle- to large-sized school districts had been studied and compared: Minneapolis (Minnesota), Cincinnati (Ohio), Eugene (Oregon), and the Alum Rock district of San Jose (California)....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Board of Education Policy, Educational Innovation, Educational...
The role of the academic dean, role conflicts, and the occupational experiences and performance of deans are considered. Role conflict for academic deans is related to clashing constituencies, role ambiguity, lack of correspondence between organization requirements and the personalities of incumbent deans, changing organizational needs over time, and historical trends in the definition of the deanship. Less than half the deans are evaluated annually, usually by presidents, chancellors,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Deans, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Conflict Resolution,...
Although career pathing would seem to have utility for mental health organizations, little research has been done on such activities. In a survey of 314 administrators employed in 109 community level, public sector mental health organizations, six career types of mental health administrators were identified on the basis of: (1) education; (2) homogeneity of work experience; and (3) number of service positions held prior to entering administration. Data analyses revealed that perceived role...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Qualifications, Administrator Role,...
To complement a national survey called "High School '77," researchers in 1978-79 conducted indepth field studies of the organization of five high schools. School bureaucracy and procedures and their relationship to instruction, teachers, and school programs were analyzed. The five schools were drawn from village, suburban, urban, and central-city settings, and data were gathered through site visits, document analysis, and open-ended interviews with 25-30 people (administrators,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Bureaucracy, Curriculum Development, Decision Making, Elective...
Research among ninth graders in Ankara, Turkey, compared individual and family characteristics of socioeconomically disadvantaged versus advantaged students; investigated the educational issues these students faced; and examined major educational and guidance problems of the disadvantaged. Results indicated that, compared to advantaged students, disadvantaged students tended to be older; spent more of their early years in small villages; indicated that relationships in their families showed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Academic Aptitude, Academic Aspiration, Administrator Role,...
This manual is designed for the training of inservice facilitator teams, which include regular and special education teachers, administrators, and other school district staff. Inservice facilitator teams are defined as teams which develop inservice programs for their school system. Each chapter focuses on a specific skill for the training teams; the importance of each skill and alternative activities for teaching the skill are described. Each chapter also describes the continuing support...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Cooperative Planning, Educational Resources, Elementary Secondary...
Part of Project STRETCH, a special personnel preparation grant, this guide contains 13 units on the practical and philosophical areas practitioners, educators, and consumers believed should be included in a basic course for administration of an organized camp: growth and development special populations, camp director's role, philosophy and objectives, program, organizational design, staff, interpreting the camp's value, evaluation, health and safety, food service, business and finance, and site...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Role, Adult Education, Camping, Core...
As part of an ongoing three-year investigation into the effects of declining enrollment and reduction in force (RIF) on teachers, this paper explores: (1) teacher acceptance of exclusive administrative control over performance evaluations, and (2) teacher preferences for colleague input into the evaluation process. A sample of 85 schools was drawn from 16 Massachusetts school districts, half of which had experienced enrollment declines; the other half served as a control group. The analysis is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Declining Enrollment, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Peer...
This book outlines the legal aspects of the principal's role in North Carolina and is intended to be used as an instructive and advisory aid when formulating school policy. The principal's legal status, including a definition of authority and employment rights, is discussed. The author delineates the principal's responsibilities for student welfare as follows: enforcing attendance law, identifying neglect and abuse, guarding children's health and safety, regulating access to student records,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role, Corporal Punishment, Court...
This checklist is designed to help elementary school principals assess and improve science programs in their schools. The checklist is divided into four major sections, each dealing with an area that has an impact on these programs: (1) administrative aspects, considering the science curriculum plan, provisions for science in the budget, principal's leadership role, and staff development practices; (2) science texts and/or written curriculum materials, focusing on content, process, and several...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Check Lists, Classroom Observation Techniques, Elementary...
This module, one in a series of competency-based administrator education learning packages, focuses on specific professional competencies needed by vocational education administrators. The competencies upon which these modules are based were identified and verified through research as being important to the success of local administrators of vocational education at the secondary or postsecondary levels. The materials are designed for use by administrators or prospective administrators working...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Responsibility, Administrator Role,...
Principals are critical to the success of any school improvement effort--from increasing academic rigor toward college- and career-ready standards to teacher evaluation and support. They ensure this success by building a strong, shared vision and leading effective implementation for staff, students, and families. The federal government has an important role to play in supporting the development of leaders who are preparing students for success in college, careers, and citizenship. Investments...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Federal Legislation, Principals, Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Role,...
The focus of the milestone project is to focus on bridging the gap of bullying and classroom instruction methods. There has to be a defined expectations and level of accountability that has to be defined when supporting and implementing a plan linked to bullying prevention. All individuals involved in the student's learning have to be aware of bullying and the disciplinary actions that are linked to bullying. The milestone project will consist of exploring the needs of the school as it relates...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bullying, Prevention, Discipline, Intervention, Victims, Elementary Schools, Middle...
This case study covers a wide variety of challenges facing administrators as they make an effort to improve the learning environments of impoverished communities. It may be used in an introductory course for aspiring school leaders and practitioners in the eld of school leadership. This case also presents myriad complex organizational issues that may be used in educational leadership programs.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Poverty, Administrator Role, Case Studies, Instructional Leadership, Leadership...
This study was a phenomenological narrative research investigating the managerial roles of elementary charter school principals. Managerial leadership practices were investigated under three categories personnel management, student management, and finance management. Elementary charter school principals provided positive feedback for having small size schools.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Phenomenology, Charter Schools, Administrator Role, Elementary Schools, Principals,...
