To determine if coupon collecting has any influence on product information processing like brand awareness, and to understand better the coupon collecting process, an exploratory study examined the relationship between coupon-collecting behavior and brand awareness for the coupons collected. Subjects, 152 randomly chosen respondents from a Midwest city telephone directory, were asked about coupon-collecting behavior during a 7-day period. Results indicated that nearly three-fourths of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advertising, Attitude Measures, Consumer Economics, Discriminant Analysis, Marketing
This is an experimental 2-phase study which focuses upon perceived respondent burden (PRB), that is, upon negative feelings which may be experienced by people who participate in household surveys. For phase 1 of the study, whose results are reported here, the effects of two variables-- interview length and interview effort--upon PRB were assessed. Length was varied by using either a 25 or a 75-minute interview. The "effort" variable was also separated into two treatments, in which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Interviews, Questioning Techniques, Research Design, Surveys
The document consists of a copy of the article "The Autism Attitude Scale for Teachers" by J.Olley, et al., suggested guidelines for using alternative versus combined forms of the Autism Attitude Scale for Teachers (AAST), and a copy of the scale with a teacher information questionnaire. It is pointed out that the AAST is useful for assessing the prevailing attitudes in a school or to evaluate attitude change as a function of inservice training or other intervention. Development of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Autism, Elementary Secondary Education, Teacher Attitudes, Testing
A study developed a valid and reliable measure to assess adult attitudes to continuing education. It determined the relationship between attitudes and participation in adult education and identified differences between the attitudes of subgroups of the adult population. A total of 275 adults from the central New Jersey area completed the Adults' Attitudes toward Continuing Education scale, which included 22 items on a five-point Likert scale. Seven items represented attitude-to-situation; the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Attitude Measures, Continuing Education, Educational Attitudes,...
In this work, some of the most important instruments used to measure attitudes toward mental illness were analysed. A revision of different experimental investigations which studied attitudes toward mental illness among general public, mental health professionals and patients and their relatives was made. Some of the strategies applied to change attitudes toward mental illness were also considered. (Author)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Attitudes, Factor Structure, Literature Reviews, Measurement...
This reading attitude scale was designed to negate the tendency for students to indicate overly positive attitudes, a tendency which the authors feel is reflected in responses to other attitude scales. There are two forms of the scale: one for grades 1-3 and one for grades 4-6. The primary scale is read to the children and has a three choice format on a hand-scored answer sheet. The intermediate scale is read by the children themselves and has a five choice format on a machine-scorable answer...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Attitudes, Elementary Education, Interest Inventories, Reading...
Intended as a resource for individuals wishing to evaluate smoking cessation programs, this handbook, one in a series of seven, provides a collection of measuring devices that can improve the quality of such evaluations. Chapter 1 introduces the handbook's contents and outlines evaluation related issues specific to smoking cessation programs. Chapter 2 introduces the key operations involved in program evaluation, emphasizing the role of assessment instruments in the gathering of information...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Methods, Program Evaluation,...
Phase I of the Measurement of Respondent Burden is described. The focus of the study was upon correlates of self perceived respondent burden, i.e., factors associated with the presence of negative feelings such as annoyance, frustration or inconvenience which may be experienced by survey participants during face-to-face interviews at their homes. The effect of interview time (25- and 75-minute treatments) and respondent effort upon respondent burden was assessed. Interviews were conducted with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Field Interviews, Home Visits, Questioning Techniques, Responses,...
This study examined the effects of music on the motivation of 22 female and 5 male swimmers ages 10-13 years. These age-group swimmers practiced 2.0-2.5 hours per day and had six training sessions per week. Using observation logs, surveys, and open-ended questions, the study analyzed swimmers' perceptions of, and behavior when, listening to music during practice. The researcher observed swimmers' behavior in non-music conditions to establish a baseline and also observed them after the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Athletes, Attitude Measures, Early Adolescents, Motivation, Music, Swimming,...
This paper introduces a new measure of attitude, the "attitude pie," which attempts to separate true neutrality from degree of indifference while providing an evaluation score on the issue being judged. A large reliability-validity study involving ten attitude traits, four different methods, and over one hundred subjects at three different times was undertaken. Results from the study indicated that the reliabilities of both the salience and positivity scores of the attitude pies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Attitudes, Educational Research, Measurement Instruments,...
Identification of psychological factors influencing team performance in the chemical, biological, and radiological defense (CBR-D) environment were identified by a system for task classification: (1) combining Herold's task demands and Holland's taxonomy of work environments and (2) describing the development and evaluation of team tasks. This report evaluates the new system and describes the development and evaluation of a team task that meets the criteria specified. The criteria include: (1)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Military Training, Stress Variables, Team Training, Teamwork,...
A study investigated the affective influence of the traditional textbook approach on students in an Educational Foundations Course at Iowa State University, and also evaluated their attitude toward teaching as a career. The changes were measured by an evaluative form of the semantic differential consisting of 12 philosophical, sociological, and educational concepts individually rated on a series of nine-point bipolar adjectival scales. Of 228 students involved, 97 were taught by the traditional...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affective Behavior, Attitude Change, Attitude Measures, Student Attitudes, Zerwekh,...
The attitudes of 26 physically handicapped and 26 nonhandicapped university students were compared in terms of social adjustment, instructional goals desired, and acceptance/rejection of handicap. Ss were administered three instruments: the Is of Identity, a measure of social adjustment; the Preferred Student Characteristic Scale, an evaluation of affective and cognitive attitudes toward instructional goals; and the Attitude Toward Handicapped Individuals, a scale of attitudes of acceptance or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Attitude Measures, Attitudes, Physical Disabilities,...
Plans are outlined for developing measurement techniques and testing programs to determine the success or failure of the program objectives in the cognitive and attitude areas of the Mountain-Plains program. In the cognitive area a criterion-referenced approach will be used, in spite of problems associated with reliability. Item pools will be developed at the Learning Activity Packages (LAP) level. Then unit tests will be developed and matched with a performance test which will be scored...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affective Measures, Attitude Measures, Cognitive Tests, Test Construction, Test...
Seven computer programs were written for use with the semantic differential and two additional programs were modified or expanded. The nine programs can compute the following: means, standard deviations, and standard errors on nine subscales and on evaluation, potency, and activity factors (EPA); Osgood D values for all concepts; correlations between EPA scores and D values; tests of significance within and between data samples; and data matrices for construction of a three-dimensional model...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjectives, Attitude Measures, Computer Programs, Models, Semantic Differential,...
Students assessed as having different personality types were queried concerning their perspectives on peace. Two hundred seventy-five students (ages 14-18) from Poland, West Germany, and the United States defined peace and indicated the degree of influence they felt they have on the future. Differences in definitions of peace, optimism, and degree of influence on the future were found among the various personality types as designated by the Myers-Briggs Type indicator. The survey instrument...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affective Measures, Attitude Measures, Peace, Personality Measures, Perspective...
A study of group member satisfaction investigated which communication behaviors satisfy and dissatisfy people in their group experiences, and whether satisfaction and dissatisfaction are bi-polar opposites or are two crucially different variables. The baseline data generated in this project, which included the participation of 20 upper-grade undergraduate subjects studying group communication, provided the initial elements in developing measuring instruments to aid in identifying, defining, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Communication Research, Group Behavior, Group Membership, Higher...
The objective of the study was the development and analysis of an instrument which assesses student attitudes toward school, work, self, and others. This objective ll5 item instrument was refined into an 80 item Student Attitude Survey which has documented qualities related to administration, processing, reliability, and validity. The revised instrument demonstrated a high degree of internal consistency. The average item to total score correlations for the major scales were .48, .53, .57, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Secondary Education, Student Attitudes, Test Reliability, Test...
A study investigated a new method of measuring organizational communication other than the audit methods currently in use. The method, which employs fractionation procedures, was used with workers from five different business groups within a large multinational corporation. The results showed that: (1) workers could use the scales reliably, (2) the method produced significantly more variance than did the traditional procedures, (3) employees were able to discriminate a greater number of values...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Communication Research, Employee Attitudes, Measurement...
This paper reports on findings of a research questionnaire in which both male and female pharmacists were surveyed about their own experiences of sexual harassment. Of the 35 responses received, 25 (23 males and 2 females) reported that they had not been subjected to any kind of sexual harassment. Ten (4 males and 6 females) reported that they had. The various strategies used by the pharmacists in response to the harassment are discussed. The strongest message coming from the results was that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Females, Males, Opinions, Pharmacists, Questionnaires, Sexual...
A three-part study has been conducted over the past several years to isolate and describe correlates of attitudes toward the elderly. The paper briefly summarizes the first two parts of the study and concentrates on its concluding portion. Data from the first part of the study indicated that younger and more well-educated subjects displayed more positive attitudes toward the elderly. Data from the second part of the study showed little relationship between the variables race and socioeconomic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Comparative Analysis, Older Adults, Racial Attitudes, Social...
In literature, it has been observed that many enhanced criteria are limited by factor analysis techniques. Besides examinations of statistical structure and/or psychological structure, such validity studies as cross validation and classification-sequencing studies should be performed frequently. The purpose of this study is to examine cross validation and sequencing-classification validation at the same time with regard to two sub-samplings from an attitude scale concerning paranormal belief...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Validity, Classification, Attitude Measures, Factor Analysis, Reliability, Test...
Two studies investigated some attitude scales' concurrent validity in order to test the view that ambivalence is a moderator of attitude-behavior relationships. A measure of ambivalence was obtained by using pairs of unipolar scales to assess positive and negative attitudes toward a number of objects. When attitudes were correlated with relevant behaviors, the ambivalence variable acted as a moderator by clearly distinguishing between more and less predictable groups of subjects. Thus despite...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Correlation, Measurement Techniques, Rating Scales, Test Validity,...
The marital relationship is a basic context of retirement, where spouses' separate perceptions of retirement, and of each other's views, are an essential part of the retirement experience. To explore this issue, 297 married men who had been retired for 6 years or less, all participants in the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study, reported their own levels of retirement satisfaction and their perceptions of their wives' satisfaction with the husbands' retirement. There was only a fair...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Congruence (Psychology), Life Satisfaction, Marital Satisfaction,...
As a response to the increasing support for linking information about the role of writing in the lives of children to writing instruction in schools, a research instrument was developed that illuminates children's concepts about writing (who writes, what is written, where people write, why they write, and how they view the writing process). Construction of the instrument involved five phases: (1) finding community settings in which writing is participated in or observed by children; (2)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Childhood Attitudes, Elementary Education, Models, Research...
Money has been recognized as an important factor to attract, retain, and motivate employees and has significant impacts on people's behavior, performance, and effectiveness in organizations. Created to evaluate the validity of the Money Ethic Scale, this study investigates the measurement and dimensionality of money attitudes through organizational and work-related variables. Subjects were 155 employees from 32 agencies of the Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation in a southeastern...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Attitudes, Behavior, Employee Attitudes, Ethics, Moral Values,...
Questionnaires are prepared by many people who have not had specialized training and experience in survey techniques. This booklet was prepared to assist such nonspecialists in the preparation of efficient and useful questionnaires by providing a brief, readable guide for the development of questions for management decisions. This discussion is concerned primarily with kinds of questions that elicit information about attitudes and opinions. The first step in developing a good questionnaire is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Attitude Measures, Attitudes, Decision Making, Guides, Interviews,...
A study examined the relationship between communicator attitudes and communication behavior by having 122 college students complete the RHETSEN scale of communication attitudes and the Communicator Style Measure. The RHETSEN scale characterizes communication attitudes according to three communicator types: (1) the "rhetorically sensitive" (RS) person, who generally accepts the variability of communication and interpersonal relationships and does not try to avoid stylized verbal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Attitudes, College Students, Communication Research, Higher...
Westbrook (1983) challenged the validity of the construct "career maturity" because measures such as the Career Maturity Inventory Attitude Scale (Crites, 1973) correlate to measures of mental ability. Rather than interpreting this association as evincing lack of discriminant validity, the association should be interpreted as supporting the convergent validity of the Career Maturity Inventory Attitude Scale (CMI-AS) because career development theory postulates that career maturity...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Career Development, Cognitive Ability, Intelligence, Predictor...
This paper suggests that although good attitudes towards science on the part of teachers are very important in teaching, attitudes are difficult to measure. Prospective candidates for teaching should be chosen because they have good attitudes toward science coupled with an adequate self-concept. Prospective science teachers need adequate preparatory coursework and field experiences. Science teachers may assess themselves to see if they have the qualifications to be good science teachers. A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Science...
A procedure for estimating reliability in a factor analytic context, when reliability of the extracted factors is not an emphasis, is identified. The procedure is an extension of Dressel's work and might be applied in attitude measurement. It assesses how homogeneous the weighted original item responses are, when they are scored for pattern congruity. Four data sets generated to simulate different sample sizes, numbers of variables, numbers of variables per factor, and proportions of randomly...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Measures (Individuals),...
Loving is a fundamental aspect of being human. Freud himself argued that the inability to love leads to illness, and some empirical research appears to support his view. Yet knowledge of the nature of love remains primitive, because until recently it was not considered scientifically respectable to investigate love phenomena. This study used confirmatory factor analytic methods to test the fit of various models to data provided by 499 college students who completed the 1990 version of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, College Students, Counselors, Factor Analysis, Higher Education,...
The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of success being attained by teachers who have had the benefit of participating in a three-week career education summer workshop in (1) teaching the basic career development concepts listed with the scope and sequence model in Wisconsin's "K-12 Guide for Integrating Career Development Into Local Curriculum," and (2) accomplishing the goals of each of the components of career education. The project personnel developed an evaluation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Career Education, Curriculum Development, Opinions, Program...
This paper examined the perceived values of children and fertility intents among college undergraduates. It described changes in the value of children by comparing data collected from students in 1986 to data obtained from a comparable group of students in 1977. The 1977 sample consisted of 341 students of whom 178 (52%) were male and 193 (48%) were females. The 1986 sample consisted of 332 students of whom 137 (41%) were male and 195 (59%) were females. Specific values of children were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Attitude Measures, Beliefs, Birth Rate, Children, College Students,...
The study explored the problem of teacher resistance to change in educational methods and programs. Stressing the need for educators to change in order to keep abreast of educational developments, researchers adapted and administered an attitude scale, the Comprehensive Career Education (CCE) Staff Development Questionnaire, to 577 teachers in a large southern school district. The questionnaire measured teachers' attitudes to career education and also to change. Teachers fell into three...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Attitude Measures, Career Education, Inservice Teacher Education,...
This study of person fit in attitude surveys was undertaken in order to investigate the influence of the inclusion of misfitting persons on item parameter estimates in analyses using the Partial Credit extension of the Rasch measurement model. It was hypothesised that the inclusion of misfitting persons in data sets used for the calibration of attitude survey instruments might compromise the measurement properties of those instruments. Using both actual and simulated data sets, the inclusion of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Personality Theories, Attitude Measures, Item Response Theory, Measurement, Factor...
This manual provides instructions for scoring the Teacher Concerns Statement, a questionnaire for pre- and inservice teachers consisting of one open-ended question asking for the respondent's concerns when he/she thinks about teaching. The Questionnaire, a copy of which is provided, consists of five questions asking for back ground information about the respondent and one open-ended question asking what the respondent is concerned about when he/she thinks about teaching. The seven concerns...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Guides, Questionnaires, Scoring, Teacher Attitudes, Teaching,...
Attitudes toward mathematics are very important in the achievement and participation of students in mathematics. Declining national test scores in mathematics and dislike of mathematics have increased recognition of the problem of student attitudes. The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument to measure students' attitudes toward mathematics (ATMI) and to find the underlying dimensions that comprise the ATMI. The sample consisted of 544 students taking mathematics at a private...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Evaluation Methods, Mathematics Anxiety, Questionnaires, Secondary...
This paper explores the practical use of risk theory in assessing people's sense of risk in relation to proposed educational development projects. It considers questions such as: How is people's behavior toward a development project influenced by their perception of the risks and benefits implied in the project? How can information about people's perception of risk be collected and interpreted? How can such information be profitably used? Principal components of risk theory are described,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Attitude Measures, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation...
A two-step procedure is described and used to revise a multidimensional inventory in its developmental stages. First, the latent factors influencing the observed variables on the inventory are determined and justified using the following five methods: Kaiser's criterion, root staring, examination of difference values, examination of root mean square off-diagonal residuals and alpha coefficients. The second step, determining the factor pattern, consists of examining selected factor solutions for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Athletics, Attitude Measures, College Students, Competition, Higher Education,...
AN INVESTIGATION WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE A DEFINITION OF CURIOSITY THAT WOULD HELP IDENTIFY PERSONALITY PATTERNS OF CHILDREN WHO ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE EITHER HIGH OR LOW IN CURIOSITY. DATA COLLECTED IN EARLIER STUDIES WERE FACTOR ANALYZED TO IDENTIFY THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL VARIABLES THAT DIFFERENTIATE CHILDREN HIGH IN CURIOSITY FROM THOSE LOW IN CURIOSITY. SEVERAL KINDS OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS WERE USED TO DETERMINE HIGH AND LOW CURIOSITY BOYS AND HIGH AND LOW CURIOSITY GIRLS, AND TO...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Childhood Attitudes, Curiosity, Factor Analysis, Measurement...
The purpose of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitude test results of a student-led discussion group in two college-level introductory health courses. The 70 students enrolled in the courses were divided into eight groups represented as equally as possible concerning sex, age, year, and major in school. Student discussion leaders were chosen by democratic and volunteer methods. Students were pre- and posttested with the Kilander Health Knowledge test and the Meise Scale for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, College Students, Discussion Groups, Health Education, Knowledge...
Native American programs have affective and cognitive objectives stated in project proposals. Most evaluations focus upon the cognitive, quantitative results of particular projects, programs, or interventions. Project evaluators need to use or develop instruments designed to assess the affective domain. This paper addresses the technical, psychometric properties of attitude scale instruments. Specific attention is given to the history of attitude measurement, characteristics of attitudes, steps...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Education, American Indians, Attitude Measures, Primary Education,...
Designed to identify students with writer's block, this measure is an attitude questionnaire of 24 items separated into five subscales: blocking, lateness, premature editing, strategies for complexity, and attitudes. If teachers or researchers wish simply to identify blockers, they can administer only the items within the behavioral subscales--blocking and lateness. If further cognitive diagnosis is desired, then the items in the cognitive/behavioral and cognitive/attitudinal subscales can also...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Postsecondary Education, Secondary Education, Student Attitudes,...
A 3-year project was undertaken to develop, implement, and evaluate a program to reduce computerphobic reactions among postsecondary education students. The Model Computerphobia Reduction Program was designed to screen potential computerphobic students in their computer courses at the beginning of a semester and invite them to participate in brief skills-acquisition modules (treatment programs). After screening over 1,600 students, nearly 200 students, faculty, and staff of California State...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anxiety, Attitude Change, Attitude Measures, Comparative Analysis, Desensitization,...
A validation study assessed the effectiveness of the Air Force Occupational Attitude Inventory (OAI) in predicting job satisfaction, reenlistment intent, and reenlistment behavior. First, the OAI survey instrument was administered to 1,217 first-term airmen in 1973 and to 4,784 first-term airmen in 1975. Next, criteria consisting of concurrent statements about global job satisfaction, reenlistment intent and subsequent reenlistment behavior were regressed on responses to the 189 non-supervisory...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Job Satisfaction, Military Personnel, Questionnaires, Surveys,...
This monograph seeks to help teachers focus on the development and maintenance of positive attitudes toward reading. Selected research studies are reviewed in order to delineate variables apparently associated with attitudes. Techniques for assessing attitudes are also reviewed, and advice is given on kinds of item-sampling, methods of administration, interpretation, validity, and reliability. Specific attitude scales for grades one through three and for grades four through six are included. A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affective Behavior, Attitude Measures, Literature Appreciation, Reading, Reading...
This study attempts to measure the attitudes toward intellectual freedom held by a group of future librarians and to correlate these findings with certain syndromes of authoritarianism as reported in "The Authoritarian Personality," by T. W. Adorno, and others (New York, Harper, 1950). The hypothesis is that graduate library students who express approval of or display a tendency to agree with restrictive controls on intellectual freedom will also concur with many of the attitudes...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Authoritarianism, Censorship, Graduate Students, Library Science,...
This book presents the findings of a study of the moral character of the U.S. generation in the 15 to 30 age group. The research results were from a comprehensive study of ethical attitudes and behaviors in the United States. During 1991 and 1992, a survey of nearly 9,000 young people and adults was conducted. Survey topics included value priorities and views about theft, lying, and cheating. Analysis of the data drew comparisons between generations. The report also explores the causes of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Ethical Instruction, Higher Education, Moral Values, Secondary...
The report describes the initial development of the Air Force Occupational Attitude Inventory. From a selective review of studies that ascribed to a multi-faceted approach, several categories or content areas were identified. An extensive item pool was prepared and reviewed by judges to provide information regarding item-category agreement, item ambiguity, and item redundancy. The revised version of the inventory consisted of 348 items distributed across 35 facets. An eight-point bi-polar...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Career Choice, Job Satisfaction, Military Service, Occupational...
