A cooling apparatus includes a container filled with a quantity of coolant fluid initially cooled to a solid phase, a cooling loop disposed between a heat load and the container, a pump for circulating a quantity of the same type of coolant fluid in a liquid phase through the cooling loop, and a pair of couplings for communicating the liquid phase coolant fluid into the container in a direct interface with the solid phase coolant fluid.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COOLANTS, COOLING, COUPLING, LIQUID PHASES, SOLID PHASES,...
Low efficiency heat transfer in evaporators subject to unusual gravitational conditions is avoided through the use of a spiral evaporator conduit 12 receiving at an inlet 14 a vaporizable coolant at least partly in the liquid phase. Flow of the coolant through the conduit 12 demists the coolant by centrifuging the liquid phase against a pressurre wall 44 of the conduit 12. Vapor flow 40 induces counterrotating vortices 46, 48 which circulate the liquid phase coolant around the interior of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COOLANTS, EVAPORATORS, GRAVITATION, HEAT TRANSFER, PIPES...
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401
May 27, 2011
05/11
by
Audley, Michael Damia
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This dissertation describes a multi-mission investigation of the high mass X-ray binary pulsar Centaurus X-3. Cen X-3 was observed with the Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) in December 1990. This was the first high-resolution solid state X-ray spectrometer to cover the iron K fluorescence region. The Fe K emission feature was resolved into two components for the first time. A broad 6.7 keV feature was found to be a blend of lines from Fe XXI-Fe XXVI with energies ranging from 6.6 to 6.9 keV...
Topics: GAS COOLING, SLOTS, HOLES (MECHANICS), HOLE DISTRIBUTION (MECHANICS), FILM COOLING, RESEARCH, GAS...
The breakdown performance of an advanced synthetic dielectric coolant, poly-alpha olefin, is compared to conventional transformer oil over a range of temperatures from 10 to 50 deg. C. The poly-olefin oil is first benchmarked against conventional transformer oil, and then compared to poly-olefin oil that has been exposed to a large number of high-energy discharges in order to establish the effects of oil age on performance. The results obtained from the standard ANSI D877 testing procedure are...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Yeckel, C, MISSOURI UNIV-COLUMBIA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, *COMPARISON,...
ILC, Dover Division's lightweight cooling garment, called Cool Vest was designed to eliminate the harmful effects of heat stress; increases tolerance time in hot environments by almost 300 percent. Made of urethane-coated nylon used in Apollo, it works to keep the body cool, circulating chilled water throughout the lining by means of a small battery-powered pump. A pocket houses the pump, battery and the coolant which can be ice or a frozen gel, a valve control allows temperature regulation....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COOLING, HEAT TOLERANCE, VESTS, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, NYLON...
The use and potential problems associated with silicate ester (Coolanol) dielectric coolants in US military applications such as aircraft radar and missile systems are highlighted. These fluids have caused significant and sometimes catastrophic problems due to their hygroscopic nature and subsequent formation of flammable alcohols and silica gel. In some of the more advanced stages, a gelatinous precipitate has caused component malfunctions such as electrical arcing, filter clogging, and fires....
Topics: DTIC Archive, Stropki, Michael A, AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH LABS MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA), *RADAR...
475
475
Jul 26, 2010
07/10
by
Rey, Charles A
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The development of high temperature containerless processing equipment and the design and evaluation of associated systems required for microgravity materials processing and property measurements are discussed. Efforts were directed towards the following task areas: design and development of a High Temperature Acoustic Levitator (HAL) for containerless processing and property measurements at high temperatures; testing of the HAL module to establish this technology for use as a positioning...
Topics: AERODYNAMIC HEAT TRANSFER, RECIRCULATIVE FLUID FLOW, SIMULATION, BRUSHES, CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER,...
Design concepts were investigated to improve space system coolant pump technology to be suitable for mission durations of two years and greater. These design concepts included an improved bearing system for the pump rotating elements, consisting of pressurized conical bearings. This design was satisfactorily endurance tested as was a new prototype pump built using various other improved design concepts. Based upon an overall assessment of the results of the program it is concluded that reliable...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS, COOLANTS, COOLING SYSTEMS, SPACE MISSIONS,...
Rocket combustion chamber walls are exposed to the high-temperature environment caused by the combustion of propellants. Even with the walls actively cooled by the fuel, the hot gases can deteriorate the walls severely and limit any possibility for reusing the combustion chamber. For many years, the NASA Lewis Research Center has performed subscale investigations of potential improved cooling concepts to extend the life and reliability of the combustion chamber. Results from previous subscale...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES, ENGINE TESTS, ENGINE PARTS,...
Effectiveness of dual cooling to lower the maximum wall temperature of regeneratively cooled engines is the focus of this study. Two engines, the SSME and a RP1-LOX engine, are retrofitted with dual-circuits. It is shown that the maximum wall temperatures for both engines are substantially reduced while also lowering coolant pumping power. It is also shown that with RP1 as the coolant, the likelihood of coking is reduced with use of dual-circuits.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Naraghi, M H, SOFTWARE AND ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES INC CARSON CITY NV, *COOLING,...
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199
Jun 2, 2011
06/11
by
Feng, Zhengzhu; Dearden, Richard; Meuleau, Nicholas; Washington, Ric
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This paper proposes a Markov decision process (MDP) model that features both discrete and continuous state variables. We extend previous work by Boyan and Littman on the mono-dimensional time-dependent MDP to multiple dimensions. We present the principle of lazy discretization, and piecewise constant and linear approximations of the model. Having to deal with several continuous dimensions raises several new problems that require new solutions. In the (piecewise) linear case, we use techniques...
Topics: APPROXIMATION, PARABOLIC FLIGHT, TEMPERATURE PROFILES, BLUNT BODIES, FILM COOLING, GAS INJECTION,...
The feasibility of potential reusable thrust chamber concepts is studied. Propellant condidates were examined and analytically combined with potential cooling schemes. A data base of engine data which would assist in a configuration selection was produced. The data base verification was performed by the demonstration of a thrust chamber of a selected coolant scheme design. A full scale insulated columbium thrust chamber was used for propellant coolant configurations. Combustion stability of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ROCKET ENGINES, SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITERS, THRUST CHAMBERS,...
Liquid metals have certain properties that make them candidates for heat transfer use in aerospace systems. The objective of the investigation was to determine the magnitude of the heat transfer coefficient of condensation for sodium. Design factors and program organization are discussed, and a description of the equipment is presented. The heat transfer experiments were conducted in a closed boiler system, in which the sodium was boiled in the lower region and condensed upon an instrumented...
Topics: DTIC Archive, MIDWEST RESEARCH INST KANSAS CITY MO, *SODIUM, *LIQUID METAL COOLANTS, HEAT TRANSFER,...
A mechanism that blocks concentrated sunlight from reaching a receiver, in the event of a tracking failure or loss of coolant is described. Sunlight is normally concentrated by a dish reflector onto the opening of a receiver. A faceplate surrounds the opening, and coolant carrying tubes, line the receiver. If the concentrated sunlight wanders so it begins to fall on the faceplate, then the sunlight will melt a portion of a fuse wire portion will break. The wire is attached to a flange on a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CIRCUIT BREAKERS, LOUVERS, SOLAR COLLECTORS, SOLAR RADIATION,...
The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated laboratory corrosion test for screening all antifreeze compounds, eliminating the need to conduct the costly and time-consuming simulated service test. The results of this phase of research indicate that this new accelerated bench corrosion test may replace the simulated service test. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Conley,James H, ARMY MOBILITY EQUIPMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT BELVOIR...
Models based on the TDS thermionic diode model were developed for TOPAZ II and SPACER nuclear power systems. Several parameter studies were conducted with the TOPAZ II model. These determined system performance and efficiency while varying the following: (1) Coolant flow inlet temperatures. (2) Rate of coolant temperature change. (3) Power profile of the core. (4) Cesium reservoir temperature. Analysis of results indicate the model accurately represented the TOPAZ II system, underestimating...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Habedank, Otto D, AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF...
This viewgraph presentation gives a brief history of the J-2X engine, along with detailed description of the material demonstrator and test articles that were created using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DEPOSITION, J-2 ENGINE, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, COMPONENTS,...
277
277
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Soneira, R. M.; Bahcall, J. N
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Probabilities are calculated for acquiring suitable guide stars (GS) with the fine guidance system (FGS) of the space telescope. A number of the considerations and techniques described are also relevant for other space astronomy missions. The constraints of the FGS are reviewed. The available data on bright star densities are summarized and a previous error in the literature is corrected. Separate analytic and Monte Carlo calculations of the probabilities are described. A simulation of space...
Topics: COMBUSTION, METHANE, PROPANE, TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, CRITICAL PRESSURE, HEAT TRANSFER, LIQUID ROCKET...
An analysis and system study was performed to provide design information regarding lubricant and coolant flow rates and flow paths for effective utilization of the lubricant and coolant in a once through bearing oil mist (microfog) and coolant air system. Both static and dynamic tests were performed. Static tests were executed to evaluate and calibrate the mist supply system. A total of thirteen dynamic step speed bearing tests were performed using four different lubricants and several...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT ENGINES, ENGINE COOLANTS, LIQUID BEARINGS,...
Two documents discuss improvements in traps for removing noncondensable gases (e.g., air) from heat-transfer liquids (e.g., water) in spacecraft cooling systems. Noncondensable gases must be removed because they can interfere with operation. A typical trap includes a cylindrical hydrophobic membrane inside a cylindrical hydrophilic membrane, all surrounded by an outer cylindrical impermeable shell. The input mixture of gas bubbles and liquid flows into the annular volume between the membranes....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COOLANTS, COOLING SYSTEMS, NONCONDENSABLE GASES, MEMBRANE...
The patent application relates to a propellant composition and more particularly to a gas-generating propellant composition wherein the gas generated by the propellant can be rendered harmless, and wherein the propellant can be extinguished if the gas pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure.
Topics: DTIC Archive, OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA, *NITRATES, *SOLID PROPELLANTS, *PERCHLORATES,...
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148
Jun 13, 2011
06/11
by
Bruning, Claus; Ko, Malcolm; Lee, David; Miake-Lye, Richar
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This report presents an overview of the latest scientific consensus understanding of the effect of aviation emissions on the atmosphere for both local air quality and climate change in order to provide a contextual framework for raising future questions to help assess the environmental benefits of technology goals. Although studies of the two issues share a common framework (of quantifying the emissions, the change in concentrations in the atmosphere, and the environmental impacts), the...
Topics: BRAYTON CYCLE, WASTE HEAT, PARALLEL FLOW, HEAT PIPES, NUCLEAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION, COOLANTS, DESIGN...
Work conducted was devoted to three main tasks. Thermochemical equilibrium performance data were assembled to establish the expected performance calculations of the mode 1 engine propellant combinations and thermodynamic and transport data for the products of combustion. Turbine drive gas characteristics were also established. Thrust chamber and nozzle cooling studies were devoted to the evaluation of H2, C3H8, CH4, and RP-1 as coolants in the existing SSME cooling circuit geometry. It was...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENGINE COOLANTS, ENGINE TESTS, LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANTS,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, GENERAL ELECTRIC CO HOLYOKE MA, *COILS, VOLTAGE, ELECTRODES, EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY,...
The program input, coolant flow and heat transfer model, and the program output are discussed. As an example, sections of the suction and pressure sides of a high temperature, high pressure turbine vane are analyzed to show the effects of a thermal barrier coating. Compared to the uncoated design, the coating halves the required coolant flow, while simultaneously reducing metal outer temperatures by over 111 K.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPUTER PROGRAMS, FILM COOLING, THERMAL CONTROL COATINGS,...
An investigation is being performed to develop an analysis and computational procedure for predicting the flow field which results from discrete hole film cooling. This study represents the first step in the development of a computer code capable of predicting aerodynamic loss levels and heat transfer levels associated with discrete hole film cooling on gas turbine blades. The specific problem being considered here is that of predicting the flow and temperature fields resulting from injecting a...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Kreskovsky,J P, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC GLASTONBURY CONN*, *GAS TURBINE...
In the walls of heat exchangers that are composed of noncircular passages, the temperature varies in a circumferential direction. A prediction of the magnitude of this variation is necessary in order to detect the places of highest temperature and to determine the operating temperatures admissible for the material of which the heat exchanger is composed.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Eckert, E R, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION HAMPTON VA LANGLEY...
247
247
May 22, 2011
05/11
by
Lennartsson, O. W
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A large set of energetic (0.1 to 16 keV/e) ion composition data from the central magnetotail, obtained by the ISEE 1 spacecraft between 10 and 23R(sub E) from Earth, is sorted according to measured total ion beta value, in order to investigate whether bulk properties of different ions vary in different ways between plasma sheets and lobes, as suggested by a comparison of certain experimental and theoretical results in the literature. Despite inevitable difficulties with extracting statistically...
Topics: CIRCUITS, COOLING SYSTEMS, HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS, VACUUM CHAMBERS, CRYOGENIC...
This invention relates to techniques for fabricating hour glass throat or convergent divergent nozzle shapes, and more particularly to new and improved techniques for forming rocket nozzles from electrically conductive material and forming cooling channels in the wall thereof. The concept of positioning a block of electrically conductive material so that its axis is set at a predetermined skew angle with relation to a travelling electron discharge machine electrode and thereafter revolving the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT NOZZLES, FABRICATION, NOZZLE GEOMETRY,...
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800
Jul 23, 2010
07/10
by
NON
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A meeting took place at NASA Langley Research Center in February 1987 to discuss the development and eventual use of forward-looking remote sensors for the detection and avoidance of wind shear by aircraft. The participants represented industry, academia, and government. The meeting was structured to provide first a review of the current FAA and NASA wind shear programs, then to define what really happens to the airplane, and finally to give technology updates on the various types of...
Topics: INFRARED ASTRONOMY, DATA PROCESSING, FIBER OPTICS, HELIUM, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, PHOTOMULTIPLIER...
A block of electrically conductive material which is to be formed into a body with internal and/or external surfaces that approximate hyperboloids of one sheet is placed so that its axis is set at a predetermined skew angle with relation to a traveling EDM electrode wire. The electrode wire is then moved into cutting proximity of the body wire. Thereafter, by revolving the body about its own axis, the external and/or internal surfaces of the body will be cut into an approximate hyperbolic...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CUTTING, FABRICATION, GROOVES, NOZZLE DESIGN, ROCKET NOZZLES,...
Because Goddard Space Flight Center needed a way to cool sensors aboard the AXAF, a low current superconducting magnet was developed under contract by Cryomagnetics, Inc. The magnet, now commercially available, reduced the rate of helium consumption, extending the lifetime of the AXAF's x-ray spectrometer. On Earth, it offers a way to reduce operating costs through smaller, less expensive power supplies and reduced use of coolant. The magnet has particular advantages for MRI systems, as it is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MAGNETIC RESONANCE, X RAY SPECTROMETERS, SUPERCONDUCTING...
A study program, initiated by NASA, to select EM pumps for six applications in space power systems using alkali metal coolants and working fluids, is described. Applications to both turboelectric and thermionic systems are considered for potassium, lithium, and NaK up to 2000 deg F. The study covers flow rates to 3300 gum and developed heads to 100 psi. Results indicate that a tenfold improvement over the weights of conventional EM pumps is attainable. All basic pump types, plus the significant...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Verkamp, J P, GENERAL ELECTRIC CO CINCINNATI OH, *ALKALI METALS, *ELECTROMAGNETIC...
The results of an analytical study to determine the effect of changes in the amount, velocity, injection location, injection angle, and temperature of coolant flow on blade row performance are presented. The results show that the change in output of a cooled turbine blade row relative to the specific output of the uncooled blade row can be positive, negative, or zero. Comparisons between the analytical results and experimental results for four different cases of coolant discharge, all at a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COOLANTS, FLUID FLOW, KINETIC ENERGY, TURBINE BLADES,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, GEANKOPLIS, G. J., OHIO STATE UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLUMBUS, *COOLANTS, *AIRCRAFT...
479
479
May 6, 2010
05/10
by
Fenn, D. B.; Huntley, S. C.; Useller, J. W
texts
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Combined compressor coolant injection and afterburning for turbojet engine thrust augmentation
Topics: AFTERBURNING, TURBOJET ENGINES, AFTERBURNING, COMPRESSOR, COOLANT, INJECTION, PROPULSION, THRUST...
Experience with Deep Space Network (DSN) ground-based cryogenic refrigerators has proved the reliability of the basic two-stage Gifford-McMahon helium refrigerator. A very long life cryogenic refrigeration system appears possible by combining this expansion system or a turbo expansion system with a hydride sorption compressor in place of the usual motor driven piston compressor. To test the feasibility of this system, a commercial Gifford-McMahon refrigerator was tested using hydrogen gas as...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPRESSORS, COOLANTS, COOLING, CRYOGENICS, HYDROGEN,...
"Aerothermodynamics' involves the disciplines of chemistry, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer which have collaborative importance in propulsion systems. There are growing opportunities for the further application of these disciplines to improve the methodology for the design of advanced gas turbines; particularly, the combustor and turbine. Design procedures follow empirical or cut and try guidelines. The tremendous advances in computational analysis and in instrumentation...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROTHERMODYNAMICS, AIRCRAFT ENGINES, ENGINE DESIGN, GAS...
Reactor fuel rod surface area that is perpendicular to coolant flow direction (+S) i.e. perpendicular to the P creates areas of coolant stagnation leading to increased coolant temperatures resulting in localized changes in fluid properties. Changes in coolant fluid properties caused by minor increases in temperature lead to localized reductions in coolant mass flow rates leading to localized thermal instabilities. Reductions in coolant mass flow rates result in further increases in local...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), THERMAL INSTABILITY, NUCLEAR FUELS, PEBBLE BED REACTORS, MASS...
The report describes an investigation of advanced cooling concepts for the gas producer axial flow turbine of a small gas turbine engine. These concepts were directed toward minimizing the engine performance penalties, especially at part power, associated with conventional air cooling of the turbine. The initial phase consisted of a conceptual analysis of five stator and five rotor cooling concepts. The coolants for closed systems included liquid metal, high pressure gas, two phase H2O, heat...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Stappenbeck, A, CURTISS-WRIGHT CORP WOOD-RIDGE NJ, *COOLING, *GAS TURBINES, AXIAL...
The precipitation characteristics of excess silver and calcium solutes in their respective liquid sodium solutions were studied in the temperature range of 425 to 150C and the concentration range of approximately 20.0 to 0.10 weight-percent of solute. The excess solute was observed to precipitate out of the bulk of the respective solution as rapidly as the temperature was reduced. The data obtained best fit the empirical equation C0- CT/C0=(DT x Dt)K/d sq., where C0 is the initial solute...
Topics: DTIC Archive, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, *SODIUM, CALCIUM, TEMPERATURE, CORROSION, CHEMICAL...
A variety of heat transfer problems arise in the design of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). One class of problems is to minimize heat leak from the ambient to the SSC rings, since the rings contain superconducting magnets maintained at a temperature of 4 K. Another arises from the need to dump the beam of protrons (traveling around the SSC rings) on to absorbers during an abort of the collider. Yet another category of problems is the cooling of equipment to dissipate the heat generated...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COOLING, HEAT TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER...
A company program was planned which has a main drive to develop those emission reduction concepts that have the promise of earliest success. These programs were proposed in an attempt to enhance existing engine systems, exploiting their potential for emission reduction as far as is compatible with retaining the well established features in them that are well understood and in current production. The intended programs identified in the area of new concepts were: (1) upgrading the TCM fuel...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT ENGINES, EXHAUST GASES, POLLUTION CONTROL,...
Compact and efficient power converters are being developed to support the needs of future ground vehicle systems. This progress is being driven by component advancements, combined with improvements in component thermal management achieved through various liquid cooling implementations. Regardless of the configuration of the thermal management system, the properties of the liquid coolant used are vital to its performance. This work compares the use of turbine oil and an aqueous glycol solution...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Salem, T E, NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD, *COOLANTS, *GROUND VEHICLES, GLYCOLS,...
A lubricating and cooling fluid for the abrasive working of metals was prepared from an aqueous concentrate which contained: a water solution emulsifier 0.1-3.0, a corrosion inhibitor 0.05-0.5, a side product from isoprene production 18-68 wt.%, and halohydrin the balance.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Serov, V A, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH, *GRINDING, *CUTTING...
The Crusader Self Propelled Howitzer will employ an actively cooled 155mm cannon to meet its high rate of fire performance requirements. The actively cooled cannon includes both integral mid-wall cooling of the barrel's chamber region, and outer surface cooling for the remaining length of the barrel. A thermal study was conducted to better understand the thermal performance characteristics of the actively cooled 155mm XM297 barrel under severe firing conditions. Thermal calculations were made...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WATERVLIET NY BENET LABS,...
The U.S. Army has a desire to understand the interaction of traditional and extended life coolants with the goal to reduce the logistical burden of providing vehicle specific coolants. Several laboratory corrosion tests were performed according to ASTM D1384 and D2570, but with a 2.5x extended time length. While the results of testing showed little corrosion, some negative interactions with the corrosive water mixture were observed.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Hansen,Gregory A, US ARMY TARDEC FUELS and LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY (SWRI) SAN...
A test condition data base was developed for the Bearing and Seal Materials Tester (BSMT) program which permits rapid retrieval of test data for trend analysis and evaluation. A model was developed for the Space shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Liquid Oxygen (LOX) turbopump shaft/bearing system. The model was used to perform parametric analyses to determine the sensitivity of bearing operating characteristics and temperatures to variations in: axial preload, contact friction, coolant flow and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LIQUID OXYGEN, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN...
Basic test results are given for a flat plate solar collector whose performance was determined in the NASA-Lewis solar simulator. The collector was tested over ranges of inlet temperatures, fluxes and one coolant flow rate. Collector efficiency is correlated in terms of inlet temperature and flux level.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FLAT PLATES, PERFORMANCE TESTS, SOLAR COLLECTORS, SOLAR...
The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility of using commercially available graphite in small production reactors. Three different- size reactors, each with a different coolant, were investigated, and an assessment was made of the effect of parasitic neutron-absorbing material in the graphite, either as naturally-occurring impurities or as intentionally-added spikants. In addition, a brief survey of methods of manufacturing and of purifying graphite was performed.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Cole, R. M., SOUTHERN SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INC DUNEDIN FL, *NUCLEAR REACTORS,...
