This paper presents a new approach to analysing verbal behaviour. Underlying this approach is a subject-governed model, which means that a text producer (agent) is the reference point in coding. The study through which the method is exemplified originates from a survey of mechanics carried out by a Swedish multinational machine industry. The results illustrate how workers in various cultural contexts value information of relevance to their job performance. Despite their Common language, English...
Topics: workers, cultural context, subjective consciousness
Societies oriented towards the development of high technology, like the Western World, are not only dependent on an unrestricted information flow, but demand more and more investments in education. Therefore, a new and deepening interest in the factors for possible conditions seems to appear in the public. One of the dominating hypotheses is that cultural conditions determine the basic presupposition for the development of competence and professional mobility. Against this background, it will...
Topics: workers, mobility, competence, cultural context
Pastors Tim and Cheryl Roos share the message "Redeemed Relationships."
Topics: Relationships, Spouses, Parents, Cultural Context, Submission
Journalists' knowledge of news is finally reducible to their commonsensical understanding of it, which is to say that common sense is not still another way of dealing with how journalists know news but instead the very foundation on which that knowledge rests. Common sense does not simply entail some shared cognitive facility that enables people to perceive the world in similar ways; it entails a learned and considered response to the world. Taking common sense seriously means that young...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Journalism Education, News Reporting, News Writing
Technology, applied to education, is most effective when it is fused into the educational system. This paper proposes techniques which will be most responsive to the social and political exigencies that affect education. Technology may, in itself, be used to educate the decision-making segments of our society in the optimum method of employment so as to adjust our societal needs to these characteristics. (GO)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Educational Technology, Minority Groups, Schure, Alexander
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This paper is carried out on Edouard Valmont’s, The Moon of the Fourteenth Night, to explore how the inter-faith love in this literary piece is conditioned by historical and socio-cultural contexts of the period. The Moon of the Fourteenth Night, a western novel, narrates the story of the forbidden desire, between a Christian and a Muslim, and the impossibility of inter-faith love during the Constitutional Revolution. This essay intends to found out how cultural, religious, and historical...
Topics: Constitutional Revolution, Historical Context, Inter-Faith Marriage, Love, Socio-Cultural Context
This 677-item bibliography consists of articles, periodicals, and books in English dating from 1930 to the present, on various aspects of documentary film and video. The material is organized alphabetically under each author's surname. (NKA)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Documentaries, Film Study, Films, Media Research, Television
This paper examines relevant issues of ethical value development in higher education in general and communication studies in particular. To accomplish this, the paper discusses: (1) the need for attention to ethics in the American culture; (2) selected issues relating to teaching ethical values in university courses; and (3) suggestions as to how to move from values-neutral education to proactive values-added education for communication classes and for other disciplines. Forty references and a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Ethical Instruction, Ethics, Higher Education, Values Education
This collection of conference papers explores the application of a range of different disciplinary perspectives to studying literacy, drawing not only on newer linguistic and cognitive psychological orientations, but also on cultural anthropology, sociolinguistics, reader-response theory, critical theory, and poststructuralist theory. The collection is organized in four major sections as follows: Difficulties in Adopting a Multicultural Approach; Disciplinary Perspectives and Methodological...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Interdisciplinary Approach, Literacy, Research...
This paper traces the development of the functionalist position chronologically through its major permutations, from the defining contributions of Emile Durkheim, Bronislaw Malinowski, and A. R. Radcliffe-Brown in its anthropological phase through its development in American sociology by Talcott Parsons and Robert K. Merton to its explicit formulation in communication studies by Charles R. Wright. Although necessarily cursory, this historical review highlights significant philosophical and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Communication (Thought Transfer), Cultural Context, Higher...
The concluding chapter of Tom Quirk's new book, "Coming to Grips with Huckleberry Finn," raises the question: "Is 'Huckleberry Finn' politically correct?" Quirk's book identifies acutely some of the fundamental issues regarding how racial attitudes and ideological agendas shape the way this great novel is read and taught. Critics have complained that interpreting Huck Finn as antiracist is reductive and ignores countervailing tendencies in the text. For Quirk this implies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Stereotypes, Cultural Context, Literary Criticism, Political Attitudes, Racial...
Although questions concerning the effects of literacy on society, culture, and the mind remain problematic for anthropology and psychology, considerations of the role played by orality, literacy, or other media in creating different communicative potentials between writer and reader, should not seem out of place in the discipline of rhetoric. Hugh Blair's 18th century treatise "Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres," which is typical of its period, offers an instructive means of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Literacy, Oral English, Oral Language, Persuasive Discourse,...
Cultural approaches to composition, such as those forwarded by John Trimbur, John Schilb, and James Berlin have come under strong criticism for attempting to indoctrinate students into instructors' political beliefs. One attack on writing as cultural criticism has been voiced by Maxine Hairston, who has questioned its ethicality. At issue in debates between critics and proponents of this approach are questions about the ways in which pedagogies are justified as right or wrong, good or bad. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Students, Cultural Context, Ethical Instruction, Higher Education, Writing...
In the process of delegitimating the master narratives that have sustained Western civilization in the past, Postmodernism provoked a "crisis in narrative" which Francois Lyotard describes as narrativity that presents a sense of loss but not of what is lost. Recent histories of rhetoric have promulgated the view that rhetorical maps never reflect a neutral reality, but despite attempts at objectivity, unavoidably reflect the writer's perspective. Fortunately, rhetorical scholars of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Feminism, Intellectual History, Postmodernism, Rhetorical...
This paper argues for a synthesis between the major competing paradigms of empirical positivism and critical theory, into a multiperspective methodology. Citing recent efforts to incorporate such a merger, the paper concludes that, though such a copula appears necessary, it remains problematic when considered within the context of an immutable reliance on empiricism in most graduate education in mass communication curriculum at American universities. The paper's first section (of seven)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Media Research, Research...
Two historic pieces of legislation have galvanized deaf people in ways that have not concerned the hearing community. The first is the American Disabilities Act, which extended legal protection to deaf people. The other, less well-known, is the "Deaf Prez Now" (DPN) or the Gallaudet University protest, which occurred in 1988 when the university's board of trustees hired as the university president the only finalist for the position who was not deaf. Students locked classrooms and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Deafness, Educational Change, Higher Education, Open Education,...
When Delta blues are considered to be "folk music," the genre is inextricably tied to the neocolonial, sharecropping system of cotton production characteristic of the Mississippi Delta region between the Civil War and World War II. "Imperialist nostalgia," then, arises in accounts which pay primary and positive tribute to blues performances emanating from this same postcolonial cultural setting. But most blues performers did not remain in rural Mississippi and probably would...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Cultural Context, Ethnography, Folk Culture, Imperialism, Music, Popular...
This report seeks to assist employees of the military services to increase their awareness of and knowledge about Hispanics beyond what they see in popular culture. The report includes an overview and update about Hispanic demographics in the United States. It also discusses a few cultural issues and provides information intended to help organizations enlighten their members during their observance of Hispanic Heritage Month, September 15-October 15, 2000. Following an introduction, the report...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Demography, Heritage Education, Hispanic...
An important aspect of rethinking reading lists and anthologies is the realization that new arrangements require close reading to determine assumptions, biases, and concerns. Readers are challenged to acknowledge multiple points of view while reconstructing their own ideas of who belongs to a culture and what comprises its literature. Redefining the canon and expanding it internationally not only does justice to diverse voices too often ignored, but also trains students to identify the point of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anthologies, Critical Thinking, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Literature...
The issue of whether to "standardize" or "specialize" in international advertising campaigns is important because it may help determine whether each audience should be addressed separately or whether advertising agencies should attempt to address the collective global consumer. Print and television advertisements for American products appearing in the United States, West Germany, and Japan were examined to establish the extent to which standardized and specialized approaches...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advertising, Content Analysis, Cultural Context, Foreign Countries, Media Research,...
Understanding Native American Indian literature requires that scholars and teachers respect the cultural matrix within which the literature is written. The "ceremonial motion" of time--or "Indian time"--is a critical concept in Native American texts. When the dominant culture's time construct, linear or chronological time, superimposes on Indian characters in fiction, those characters exhibit patterns of illness and dislocation; conversely, when mythical or communal time...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian Literature, Characterization, Cultural...
Malika Oufkir of Morocco recounts her story in "Stolen Lives." Loung Ung of Cambodia relates her story in "First, They Killed My Father." Susan McDougal of Arkansas, USA, tells her story in the aptly named, "The Woman Who Wouldn't Talk." This paper looks at the struggles of these three very different women from very different cultures, struggles that saw each woman experience the devastating veiling/eclipse of her core self and yet experience a transformation where...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Authors, Autobiographies, Cultural Context, Females, Personal Narratives, Social...
Focusing on the philosophical and religious literature of India, this updated annotated bibliography discusses 33 books published between 1961 and 1993. Books annotated in the bibliography discuss: the foundations of Indian culture, the rhetorical tradition, Indian literary traditions, the historical-cultural context, toward a rhetorical-cultural synthesis, and intercultural and international communication. The annotated bibliography also presents brief biographical sketches and lists of works...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Authors, Cultural Context, Foreign Countries, Higher...
A review of literature examines how literacy, self, and culture are related. Diverse representations of "self" are explored, as are their interrelationship with language, culture, and history. Realizing the linguistic and philosophical complexities inherent in defining the self, especially its relationship to the written word, attempts are made to untangle the web of constructs and images in which self is expressed and identified, including interpretive conventions, cultural and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Language Role, Literacy, Philosophy, Self Concept, Written...
The relationship between literacy achievement in schools, socioeconomic marginality and cultural difference has been a central theme in literacy research since the late 1960s emergence of civil rights movements. Contemporary approaches to literacy education all begin from the assumption that "more" or "better" reading and writing competence will necessarily yield increased school performance and various socioeconomic "payoffs" for students. Further, alternative...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Cultural Context, Elementary Education, Foreign Countries,...
A model intended to overcome the cultural relativism of determining what is an ethical act draws an analogy to environmental studies. Beginning with the concepts of "telos" (final purpose) and "archai" (priority), the notion of an ecosystem of ethics avoids limitation to a particular historical definition of good. Since the telos of human life is the quest for the good, a communicative ecosystem's virtues are those which enable its members to seek the good. An ideal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Cultural Context, Ecology, Ethics, Models, Moral Values,...
Much existing historiography is either based too exclusively on the evidence of old textbooks or concerned too narrowly with theory or the epistemological assumptions underlying theory. Those who study the history of composition in this century need both to consult such new sources of information as course materials, student papers, and oral histories and to consider a broadened range of social and cultural factors that may have affected the teaching of writing. A study of a freshman writing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Curriculum Design, Educational History, Freshman Composition,...
A content analysis was made of the advertisements broadcast during a half-hour of prime-time television, in an effort to discern the overt (obvious) and covert (underlying) themes present in television advertising. The analysis revealed an overt theme of a world view of individual determination, initiative, self-confidence and self-reliance, and gratification. The covert or unobtrusive theme presents a world view of external determination in which standards are established, consumption is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advertising, Content Analysis, Cultural Context, Media Research, Persuasive...
With the rapid development of Chinese economy and education, deepening reform and open-up policy, more and more co-operative education programs are established in China. Among them, some programs are just copies of Western style or pattern, which has no Chinese characteristics. This article elaborates on the Sino-Australia program offered at Shandong Jiaotong University (its history, development and bright future), conducts research on the program teaching management pattern and implementation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Cultural Context, Cooperative Programs, Higher...
This book illustrates the breadth of theoretical and philosophical perspectives that can be brought to bear on mathematics and education. Part 1, "Reconceptualizing the Philosophy of Mathematics," contains the following chapters: (1) "Fresh Breezes in the Philosophy of Mathematics" (R. Hersh); (2) What Can the Sociologist of Knowledge Say About 2 + 2 = 4?" (D. Bloor); (3) "The Dialogical Nature of Mathematics" (P. Ernest); and (4) "Structuralism and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cognitive Structures, Cultural Context, Elementary Secondary Education, Mathematics...
This paper applies Paul Grobstein's theory of science as story telling and story revising to history. The purpose of drawing such links is to show that in our current age when disciplinary borders are becoming increasingly blurred, what may be effective research practice for one discipline, may have some useful insights for another. It argues that what Grobstein advocates for science makes just as much sense for history and that historians have long recognised in their own discipline many of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Story Telling, Methods, Cultural Context, Historians, Global Approach,...
The purpose of this paper is to consider what relevant clinical applications can be generated from a thorough review and critique of the theoretical and empirical literature pertaining to cross-cultural value orientations. The Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) theory of value orientations and their Value Schedule was presented. The 3 elements of value orientations are the cognitive, the affective, and the directive. Meanwhile, the study also criticized research presented by those people who,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Clinical Psychology, Cultural Background, Cultural Context, Culture, Psychology,...
A professor who teaches an American Studies course at the University of Idaho contends that she has her work cut out for her. According to the professor, Idaho's conservative political climate has led to her learning to negotiate. This paper first describes the development of an American Studies core course that began in the 1980s and continues today. She then discusses a course in American culture which was taught for the first time in 2001. The American Studies course, "Interpreting...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Studies, Course Descriptions, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Political...
After defining and describing communication from a cultural perspective, this paper then proposes two areas--shared meaning and shared identity--as being relevant in and rich for communication inquiry. The paper addresses these two areas by (1) specifying assumptions for a cultural perspective on communication, (2) defining culture as a communicatively constituted analytic construct, (3) explicating a system of cultural structures that function to generate and regulate shared symbolic meaning,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Problems, Communication Research, Communication (Thought Transfer),...
This article delineates a study which examines both the historical basis of Hmong literacy development (in the years before they left Laos) as well as the more recent history (since 1975) of a Hmong group that settled in northern Wisconsin. The article discusses the development and functions of literacy in the United States, particularly as experienced by an ethnic minority. The article focuses on the different uses of writing among the Hmong in Wisconsin, how literacy practices are shaped by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Discourse Communities, Foreign Countries, Hmong People, Literacy,...
With the notion of cultural framing as a theoretical backdrop, a study examined the role of culture in the work of foreign correspondents. The aim was to explore cultural aspects of international news reporting that may suggest avenues for more systematic inquiry into the role of culture in the work of the foreign correspondent. Of 75 examined that were by and about foreign correspondents, fewer than half (44%) referred explicitly to culture. Most references were cursory. In-depth interviews...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Foreign Culture, Higher Education, Journalism,...
Mikhail Bakhtin's literary theory, particularly his voice-oriented term, "heteroglossia," can easily be brought to bear on the teaching of voice in the composition classroom. Bakhtin not only likes the concept of voice, but at times even seems obsessed with it. The notion of heteroglossia suggests a diversity of discourses or voices, and denies the structural or reified version of language. An examination of a paper written by a college freshman demonstrates not only the typical...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Discourse Modes, Freshman Composition, Higher Education, Literary...
Erving Goffman has made significant, sustained contributions to the understanding of human behavior. Goffman studied the minute details of human interaction and how social arrangements protect and promote those interactions. Central to Goffman's study of human interaction was the concept of "self." Goffman believed that the self has two parts:"official" and "all-too-human." Both selves are communicated by interpersonal means, where individuals choose clothing,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Cultural Context, Ethnography, Human Relations, Interpersonal...
For several years a researcher has been tracking the changing conditions of literacy learning as they have been experienced by ordinary people living through them. The purpose was to understand what sharply rising standards for literacy have meant to successive generations of Americans and how they have responded to steady changes in the meanings and methods of literacy learning. In wide-ranging discussions people were asked to remember everything they could about how they learned to write and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Cultural Context, Economic Factors, Literacy, Oral History, Personal...
To examine how the contents of Korean television serial dramas have changed and to determine trends of their portrayals of male and female characters' lifestyles, a study analyzed Korean television dramas of 1977 and 1987. A sample of three channels' video--22 daily and 14 weekly episodes of 18 different television dramas during weekday prime time (7 p.m. to 10 p.m.) In September 1977 and September 1987--was used for the study. Analysis revealed that the setting for most dramas of both years...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Content Analysis, Cultural Context, Foreign Countries, Popular Culture, Programing...
This paper deals with how to train employees in transnational companies to be more "global" in their understanding and awareness of different cultures. The paper defines as "target culture" where the employee or his family will be working and considers as a confounding variable in the international marketplace the role to be played by women. Gender, as an issue in international affairs, is included in a separate section of the paper. The final section of the paper provides a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Communication, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Females, Global...
This paper focuses on the geographic area that lies south of Baghdad, the area between Baghdad and the Persian Gulf, an area now under occupation by United States forces. The paper's focus is approximately 4300 years before, yet it hopes in the end to explain the rhetorical relevance of that time, that place, and the particular figure of an ancient woman, Enheduanna, for today. According to the paper, Enheduanna, a poet, princess, and high priestess wrote the "Exaltation of Innana," a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Cultural Context, Gender Issues, Higher Education, Literacy, World...
Noting that those objects and images currently accepted in the world of fine art might not contain those things posterity will consider significant, this paper offers a practical workshop activity that creates a culture from each individual's imagination. The activity explores images influenced by others or by individual values that reflect a cultural mix, taking into account "traditional" forms and aesthetic considerations. The paper proposes three aspects that individual...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Activities, Art Education, Art Products, Creative Expression, Cultural Context,...
This 35-item bibliography lists journal articles and books published between 1928 and 1984 on the subject of communication in Latin America. Most of the selections are in English, but a few are in Spanish. The bibliography includes a special section on Chicano communication. (RS)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Foreign Countries, Latin American Culture, Rhetoric, Speech...
This interview with Mexican-American, Octavio Solis, considers that many facets of his education and experience in the theater. Solis, interviewed by Bob Yowell, Northern Arizona University Theatre Department faculty member and that campus' producer of Solis' play "El Paso Blue," touches on the importance of his acting experience when writing plays. Crediting his own teachers, he lauds educational theater (his play was winner of the American College Theatre Festival), gives valuable...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Characterization, Cultural Context, Cultural Pluralism, Higher Education, Interviews,...
Sylvia Plath's confessional poem, "Lady Lazarus" can be used to illustrate a connection between autobiography and social critique. "You poke and stir" among the institutions that form social relations--the educational system, the court system, the economic system--to find individuals whose lives, whose joys and pains, and struggles for survival have been involved with building, manipulating, consciously demolishing and rebuilding the cultural context(s) in which they form...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Marxian Analysis, Personal Narratives, Poetry,...
An instructor of freshman composition at Ohio University always teaches a section on music in her courses because freshmen jump at the chance to discuss a part of their youth culture that they readily identify with. The problem, however, has been how to incorporate rap music successfully into these discussions with a classroom full of white students. A viable solution presented itself with the rise of white rappers like Eminem and Kid Rock. The appeal of rap music has always been the feelings...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Freshman Composition, Higher...
As advancements in communication technologies increase, so do the opportunities for communicating with people from different cultures. As contacts increase, so does the awareness of the misunderstanding that often arises in the process of communication. For example, different cultures have different modes of verbal behavior. This paper examines some of the implications which different verbal styles have for listening. W.B. Gudykunst and S. Ting-Toomey (1988) have identified four verbal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Intercultural Communication, Listening, Listening...
This ERIC Digest provides an overview of concepts, writers, and tenets associated with the study of mathematics and culture and offers researchers a framework for the field, particularly with regard to rural contexts. (Author)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Culture, Elementary Secondary Education, Mathematics Education,...
By focusing on concepts of power, culture, and ideology in light of new socio-cultural and anthropological interpretations with regard to their use in international, intercultural, and cross-cultural communication research, an outline for the framework of a more hermeneutic-interpretive approach to the study of communication and socio-cultural change can be developed. Culture is not only a visible, non-natural environment of individual and organized subjects, but also and primarily his, her, or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Cultural Context, Ideology, Intercultural Communication,...
