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Includes bibliographical references and index
Topics: Political Ideologies - Communism & Socialism, Political Science, Politics - Current Events,...
This paper examines the current problem of black youth unemployment from a theoretical perspective. Traditional sociological and economic theories applicable to the problems of unemployment and occupational and status achievement are initially reviewed along with empirical studies that have examined some of the major propositions of these theories. Next, the concept of "sponsorship mobility" formulated by Ralph Turner (1970) is utilized and elaborated as a policy approach to dealing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affirmative Action, Black Youth, Career Guidance, Disadvantaged Youth, Economic...
It is impossible to achieve the normalization of Basque schools when they are subjected to five sets of regulations on the use of the Basque language in different parts of Euskal Herria. Instead of an education system that differentiates between various language models, what is needed is a school system that recognises the right of all Basque children to be educated in Basque and provides the necessary means to achieve this. As in Finland, Quebec or Belgium, so in Euskal Herria too it should be...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Finno Ugric Languages, Educational Needs, Educational Practices,...
This paper uses Foucaultian theory of governmentality as a conceptual lens to view school closings in Ontario. Governmentality relates to regulations, rules, systems, and procedures that allow governments to exercise control in society. Based on a critical review of select court cases, the paper argues that boards have substantial power to close down schools provided they satisfy the spirit of their own closure policy and ministry regulations. The paper concludes that boards need more...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Closing, Foreign Countries, Governance, Court Litigation, Educational Policy,...
Key government advisers in Europe today are asking what is so important about this so-called "higher life" that it should be allowed to stand in the way of more "relevant," more "appropriate" adult education--adult education that meets the "real needs" of the people, needs that are defined almost exclusively by the planners as economic and material needs. No matter how hard one tries to make distinctions among the terms "continuing or lifelong...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Change Strategies, Comparative Education, Educational Change,...
The document presents a broad overview of Federal involvement in adult education, provides basic information and a guide to primary source material regarding the Adult Education Act, 1964-1974, and suggests further research areas. An historical overview discusses the origins of the current Federal role in adult education through a brief chronological narrative focusing on three program categories which serve adults with less than a high school education: (1) education for civilian and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Basic Education, Adult Education, Educational History, Educational Legislation,...
To summarize recent government efforts in scientific and technical information management, this report presents highlights of more than 60 federal programs in 15 executive departments and independent agencies, the Smithsonian Institute, the Government Printing Office, and the Library of Congress. It begins with a summary of trends and developments, and then reviews the information activities within each agency. Summaries include descriptions of information needs, agency responsibilities,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annual Reports, Federal Government, Federal Programs, Glossaries, Government Role,...
The Declaration of Purpose of this Act states that in recognition of the demonstrated relationship between food and good nutrition and the capacity of children to develop and learn, based on the years of cumulative successful experience under the national school lunch program with its significant contributions in the field of applied nutrition research, it is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress that these efforts shall be extended, expanded, and strengthened under the authority of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Breakfast Programs, Child Welfare, Childhood Needs, Educational Programs, Federal...
An exciting new avenue for establishing and expanding national commitments to open education has emerged through the Open Government Partnership (OGP), a multilateral initiative that aims to secure commitments from governments to make their governance more open, accountable and responsive to citizens. In the past, there has not been a strong link between open education and open government, but that has changed in the last year as both the United States and the Slovak Republic adopted...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Open Education, Educational Policy, International Cooperation, Governance,...
Through an analysis of the foundation of the so-called "new universities" in the UK, this article offers an interpretation of the change process in higher education. The argument is that although change is driven by economic and social forces, it is the political interpretation of these forces that steers the change process and,therefore, determines the shape of new institutional structures and how they are supposed to perform their tasks. The article contrasts the original steering...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Policy Formation, Educational Change, Higher...
Turnaround leadership concerns the kind of leadership needed for turning around a persistently low-performing school to one that is performing acceptably as measured by student achievement according to state tests. I first treat this question in the narrow sense, i.e., as a strategy for targeting low-performing schools, and then place it in a larger context--namely, how such turnaround can be part of an overall approach to sustainable system change. The sequence I will consider moves from the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Leadership Responsibility, Instructional Leadership, Low Achievement, Educational...
This paper comments on the lack of attention given to cross-cultural relationships between the United States and Quebec, Canada despite the growing trade relationship, and offers information on Quebec to use as cross-cultural examples in international business communication classes. The paper dispels myths concerning Quebec and its inhabitants, such as the myth that Quebec is officially a bilingual province. David Victor's LESCANT model is used in studying Quebecers, with emphasis on the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bilingualism, Business Communication, Case Studies, Cross Cultural Training, Foreign...
Politics and children's literature would seem to be two areas of thought which are incompatible; politics being the administration of power, control, government, and regulation, and children's literature embodying the freedom of the imagination at a period in life described as "literary innocence." Embedded political perspectives, whether religious, social, or gender based, affect the selection and availability of children's literature. The paper discusses the following issues and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Information, Books, Child Role, Childrens Literature, Decision Making,...
The goal of this booklet is to provide stakeholders in South Africa's early childhood development (ECD) system with information about the government's Reception Year Pilot Project and to help them understand ECD as part of a wider education and training policy. The booklet is divided into two sections. Section 1 describes the Reception Year Pilot Project and discusses how young children, the people who care for them, and organizations working in ECD can become involved in the project. (The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Early Childhood Education, Educational Improvement, Educational Objectives, Foreign...
Emphasizing the dedication with which Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-92) labored to achieve advancement in American public education, the biography discusses the historical and political events which highlighted his career. Describing Hayes as a man who stood above party politicking in his years in the White House (1877-81), the biography maintains that at the core of his interests was pacification of the country after the Civil War through provision of free public education to whites and blacks in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Biographies, Black Education, Educational History, Educational Improvement,...
The traditional European university is now extinct. The conditions in higher education that have succeeded it are highly unstable and therefore transitory, and its eventual replacement is now dimly perceptible on the horizon. The European university is of course an abstraction, meant to approximate the attributes of higher education in Germany, France, Italy, Scandinavia, and the Low Countries. The system in each of these countries is largely controlled by public authorities, and in every...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Educational Change, Educational History, Foreign Countries,...
This paper outlines a new way of defining the scope and domain of citizen education within the social studies curriculum. It is intended to help educators better attain their particular goals and expand their vision of citizenship education. The paper is divided into three parts. Part I emphasizes that the narrow, traditional definition of the scope and domain of citizenship education keeps it totally within the schools; little attention is paid to the development of programs outside the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Responsibility, Change Strategies, Church Responsibility, Citizenship,...
This report presents information summarizing changes in research and development resulting from the revised budget for the fiscal years 1981 and 1982 transmitted to the Congress by the President of the United States in March, 1981. Adjustments in the funding of research and development are summarized by major R&D agency, and Federal expenditures are identified for: (1) the conduct of research and development; (2) the conduct of basic research; (3) the support of research and development at...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgets, College Science, Federal Government, Government Publications, Government...
This keynote address first briefly reviews the historical nature and structure of education in Zimbabwe prior to independence. Then, the theme of the seminar (integrated education as a preparation for social development), as well as related policy issues are stated. Educational goals of the government of Zimbabwe are discussed. Concluding remarks point out the contributions of the Bernard van Leer Foundation to the welfare of disadvantaged children in Zimbabwe. (Author/RH)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Colonialism, Early Childhood Education, Educational Innovation, Educational Policy,...
Of the currently unemployed workforce, a portion (100,000 to 2.1 million) can be termed dislocated workers. Even as the economy recovers from the current recession, these involuntarily unemployed workers will face serious problems finding new jobs because of structural changes in the economy. Current unemployment and training programs often do not address the needs of dislocated workers, either because of limits on the scope of their services or because the programs are targeted to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Employment Patterns, Employment Problems, Employment Programs, Federal...
In the early 1980's a number of reports on the status of science and mathematics education were published, making evident declining science and mathematics achievement, dropping enrollment, and a shortage of qualified teachers. In April 1983 the National Commission on Excellence in Education presented its report to President Reagan. The report, entitled "A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform," compared the quality of teaching and learning in schools and colleges in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conference Proceedings, Educational Improvement, Educational Trends, Elementary...
Twenty-nine recommendations were compiled from ideas generated by participants at the National Conference on Self- Determination, which was called by the United States Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, with over half the participants having disabilities of some kind. The participants came with different perspectives, but they shared the experiences of being kept on the margins of society, being treated as if they were not whole people, and having choices made for them....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Disabilities, Government Role, Interpersonal Relationship, Personal Autonomy,...
This paper addresses some of the challenges to quality assurance faced by higher education as it enters the 21st century and reviews the current status of national policies for quality assurance. Many governments have decided that traditional academic controls are not adequate for today's challenges and that more explicit assurances about quality are needed. Among the key challenges faced by higher education are those raised by electronic learning and by international student mobility. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Mediated Communication, Educational Change, Educational Policy, Educational...
The government is the largest collector and disseminator of records and documents in Sub Saharan Africa. Traditionally, the bulk of the information has been paper-based. The advent of information technology brought about digital formats. Plans for ensuring the survival of digital information are inadequate. In fact, instances have been reported whereby vital digital information has been lost as a result of obsolete technologies. Three major issues associated with managing digital documents that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Information, Electronic Publishing, Foreign Countries, Government Role,...
This report to the President and Congress provides an overview of digital libraries. The following related findings are discussed: the full potential of today's digital libraries to support the national challenge transformations has not yet been realized; the federal government can and should do much more to further the science, technology, and creation of digital libraries; libraries, museums, archives, and holders of other digital library collections face significant technical and operational...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Information, Electronic Libraries, Federal Government, Government Role,...
This document presents eight papers prepared for a conference that examined the federal role in elementary and secondary education. The purpose of the meeting was to share ideas and proposals that could be helpful to the Congress and the Administration as they addressed education policy in 2001. Some of the questions addressed here include "What are the fundamental interests of the federal government in elementary and secondary education that should be preserved?,""What is the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Educational Principles, Elementary Secondary Education, Family...
This paper seeks to help state policymakers understand their relatively new role in improving the academic performance of local schools and districts. The first section, "Intervention Decision-Making Framework," focuses on the intervention decision making framework model, performance criteria, strategic criteria, diagnostic interventions, corrective interventions, targets and tactics, and exit criteria. The second section, "State Interventions in Districts," focuses on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Educational Quality, Elementary Secondary Education, Government...
The British Columbia Teachers' Federation (BCTF) would like to express its appreciation for the recommendations made on funding for K-12 education in the past two reports of the Select Standing Committee on Finance and Government Services (the Committee). The BCTF does not like to be repetitive, but the situation with funding of public education has, unfortunately, not improved, despite the best efforts of the Select Standing Committee on Finance and Government Services--as well as of others...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Elementary Secondary...
This report discusses selected issues regarding public library Internet connectivity, costs, and use. It discusses the implications of the "1997 Public Libraries and the Internet" study and presents policy recommendations related to the study's findings. This report suggests the importance of federal policy and library management in considering issues beyond simply connecting to the Internet. Questions about the unequal distribution of Internet connectivity, costs and provision of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Information, Community Information Services, Costs, Data Collection,...
The education of ethnic minorities in China is explored, addressing issues that relate to state schooling, ethnicity, and development. Minority religions, which traditionally provided much of the education outside of the family, are tolerated increasingly officially, but not really recognized in state schooling. Language is another major challenge related to ethnic minority culture and schooling. There is a strong national call to use Chinese as the main medium in instruction, but in many cases...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural Pluralism,...
PROGRAM 5 TRAINING FOR THE UNEMPLOYED CAME INTO EXISTENCE UNDER THE TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1960. THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE PROGRAM'S EFFECTIVENESS AND PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR ITS FUTURE OPERATION. THE STUDY CONCENTRATED ON (1) THE PROGRAM TRAINEES, (2) EMPLOYER KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND USE OF THE TRAINEES, AND (3) THE ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM. DATA FROM PERSONAL INTERVIEWS AND MAILED QUESTIONNAIRES INDICATED THAT THE PROGRAM HAD BEEN...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employers, Federal Legislation, Federal Programs, Government Role, Individual...
THIS CONDENSED TRANSCRIPT OF A SEMINAR DEVOTED TO A REVIEW OF ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL CHANGE CONTAINS THE ADDRESS OF THE PRINCIPAL SPEAKER AND SOME SUBSEQUENT DISCUSSION. THE ADDRESS EXAMINES MAJOR RECENT TRENDS IN THE GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, IN PRIVATE INVESTMENT AND GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, IN THE LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, AND IN NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY. THIS DOCUMENT IS ALSO AVAILABLE FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR'S MANPOWER ADMINISTRATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. AND ITS REGIONAL...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Development, Economic Progress, Employment, Employment Opportunities,...
This interdisciplinary conference was intended to make employment service personnel in two Appalachian states more aware of the social and psychological aspects of poverty and the training and employment needs of the poor. Papers are included by Robert J. Lampman, Frank H. Cassell, Louis A. Ferman, Charles C. Killingsworth, Robert C. Couthorn, and Gerald Gurin. Although the conference deliberately included divergent views on the solutions to poverty problems, all the authors share the belief...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conference Reports, Economically Disadvantaged, Employment Opportunities, Employment...
A national survey of 7,261 medical students, representing 15 percent of total enrollment at each of 110 medical schools addressed specific questions including: (1) Which students expressed a need for financial aid?; (2) do the neediest students receive financial aid?; (3) To what extent do students intending to serve in primary care specialties and in physician shortage areas receive financial aid?; (4) What is the role of medical schools, federal and state governments, private foundations and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Government Role, Higher Education, Income,...
This paper describes and compares the processes of economic and social planning in France and the U.S.S.R., with particular emphasis on national educational planning and how it relates to the overall economic plan. Chapter 1 focuses on various aspects of integrating the educational plan into the overall social and economic plan, with particular attention to (1) the major functions of the central planning bodies and (2) the development of the educational system and the fundamental balances of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Administration, Educational Planning, Elementary Secondary Education,...
Twelve national reports on the current state of education in the United States are summarized. Summaries include identification of the theme of the report; major recommendations; implications for schools, colleges, and departments of education; and government and institutional responsibilities in funding and administration. The following reports are included: (1) "Merit Pay Task Force Report"; (2) "A Nation at Risk"; (3) "Paideia Proposal 1982" and "Paideia...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Responsibility, Curriculum Development, Educational Finance,...
This booklet, one in a series about life on modern farms, describes the daily life of two black farm families, the Minisees of Michigan and the Sims brothers of Arkansas. Beginning with early morning chores, the booklet describes some of the chores they do in running their diversified farms and how they got started in farming. Although the booklet focuses on black farmers, it includes discussion of major topics that are common to all of the booklets: (1) farming as a business, (2) the impact of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Education, Agricultural Production, Blacks, Business Skills, Career...
Despite the persistent possibility that foreign languages and international studies may become lost in the current federal policy of fiscal restraint, the immediate public policy context for these areas is guardedly optimistic. Recent years have produced increased media attention, growing public support, and professional unity and organization. These factors have translated into improved and new policies, increased legislation, and major policy changes in the states. The 98th Congress has...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Federal Legislation, Federal Programs, Financial Support,...
In response to a request from the chairman of the Congressional Select Committee on Aging, the General Accounting Office (GAO) investigated the potential effects of legislative proposals to provide catastrophic coverage to Medicare beneficiaries on beneficiaries' out-of-pocket health care expenses. The GAO reviewed GAO and other reports to identify types and amounts of out-of-pocket expenses, Medicare law and regulations to determine beneficiaries' out-of-pocket liability for covered services,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cost Effectiveness, Federal Legislation, Financial Problems, Government Role, Health...
Strategic planning is a technique that has been developed to help managers and leaders address the need for organizational transformation in response to societal change. Its elements include external environmental scanning, internal capacity analysis, participation and involvement, mission and strategic goals, implementation/linkage plans, and monitoring and assessment. This monograph addresses the need for strategic planning in restructuring education to accommodate the societal changes...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperative Planning, Educational Assessment, Educational Change, Educational Trends,...
This report is designed to provide public and private policymakers with a broad base of quantitative information about United States science and engineering research and education and about United States technology in a global context. This document begins with a synopsis of United States science and technology. Chapter 1, "Precollege Science and Mathematics Education," discusses student's achievement, interest, and coursework, school and curriculum, teachers and teaching, and the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Opportunities, Engineering Education, Faculty Publishing, Financial...
This paper presents education finance trends for Bangladesh since 2000. It shows that while government spending on education as a proportion of national income has stagnated, it has increased in real terms. Real increases in education spending have resulted in substantial increases in per student spending in basic education. At primary, enrolment declines have reinforced these trends and in 2005 per student spending in government primary schools was 30% higher, in real terms than in 2001....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Quality, Foreign Countries, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Trend...
The credit market in the United States currently suffers from a rare and serious disruption. Once flowing with liquidity, the creativity and vibrancy of these markets helped fuel an economy that had been the envy of the world. Poor repayment performance in the subprime mortgage market has now reduced the availability of funds needed for other consumer loans, including those for students. As these funds were drying up, Congress reduced subsidies to student lenders in the federally guaranteed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Student Financial Aid, Student Loan Programs, College Students, Federal Programs,...
University education is believed to be one of the most controversial public policies in Hong Kong. Numerous changes have also occurred in the university education sector since the 1990s when the rapid expansion of university places was put into force. The most notable changes may include the institutionalization of quality assurance mechanisms, the reform of university governance and staff remuneration systems, the adoption of role differentiation among the universities, the potential emergence...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Private Colleges, Governance, Higher Education, Educational...
This paper examines two states operating under Federal Court Orders concerning deinstitutionalization of individuals with mental retardation. New Hampshire is presented as a state in which sociopolitical realities have interfered with efforts to monitor the quality of care, as the Laconia State School was closed for economic reasons, thereby interrupting staff development, quality assurance, realistic case management, and the availability of quality treatment. Efforts to ensure quality of care...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Programs, Court Litigation, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences,...
To encourage an explicit and more complete statement of policy and objectives so that the universities would have improved opportunities to plan intelligently for the future, the Council of Ontario Universities (COU) prepared this brief to suggest to the Ontario Council on University Affairs (OCUA) some factors to be taken into account in establishing objectives and policy for capital financing. Among the objectives deemed paramount by the Committee are the following: the adaptation of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Capital, Capital Outlay (for Fixed Assets), Educational Finance, Equipment,...
The role of social partner organizations in vocational education and training (VET) has been compared for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia. In these countries, a system of industrial relations comparable to those existing in western Europe is emerging gradually. Social partnership consists of negotiations between employers' and workers' organizations at different levels. It occurs mainly within tripartite bodies,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Educational Development, Educational...
This essay reports on a roundtable of higher education leaders, association heads, government officials, and public policy experts that examined the changes in policymakers' attitudes toward federally sponsored research. Since World War II national science policy has made universities the principal locus of basic research in the United States. But an increasing sense of disjunction between the values of the academy and the dispositions of the federal government reflects changes in a society...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Legislation, Educational Research, Federal Aid, Federal Programs,...
This document consists of ten issues (covering January through December 2000) of the Newsletter, "Community Update," containing articles on community and family involvement in education. Article topics include: grants to improve local schools in the 21st century; the Telephone Pioneers of America; learning resources on the World Wide Web; faith communities partner with public schools to help children learn; the Chicago Partnership for Family Involvement in Education; competitive...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Educational Finance, Educational Improvement, Educational...
This report examines the status of Burundi's formal education system, focusing on elementary and secondary schooling. It addresses the issues of access to education and quality of education as well as the role of the state and donors in funding the system. It explains how the protracted civil war in Burundi has paralyzed the education system, which was already failing before the conflict began. The report finds that the majority of children in Burundi receive no formal education; boys have a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Donors, Dropout Rate, Educational Finance, Educational Policy,...
