807
807
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
Hoff, N
texts
eye 807
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: ICE FORMATION, WATER, SUPERCOOLED, PHOTOMICROGRAPHS
638
638
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
Letko, William; Cowan, John
texts
eye 638
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: ICE PREVENTION - PROPELLERS, ICE PREVENTION - ELECTRIC HEATING, ICE FORMATION
434
434
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
Harrington, Robert
texts
eye 434
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: ICE FORMATION, WATER, SUPERCOOLED, THEORIES - PROBABILITY, WATER - DROPS, METEOROLOGY - CONDENSATION
146
146
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
Loftin, Laurence K , Jr; Burrows, Dale
texts
eye 146
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: ICE FORMATION, VAPOR, WATER, WATER, SUPERCOOLED, METEOROLOGY - CLOUDS, TEMPERATURES, HUMIDITY
187
187
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Townsend, J. C
texts
eye 187
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comment 0
The advantages of using interactive computer graphics to display aircraft geometry to aid in detection and analysis of errors are described. The QUICK geometry system is reviewed and the Quick Interactive Graphics Analysis (QUIAGA) program is described. This QUIAGA program was developed to exercise the QUICK geometry subroutines to examine in several modes on a graphics terminal. Its use in the detection and analysis of errors in the QUICK geometry definition can be of great assistance in...
Topics: DEICING, FLOW VELOCITY, ICE FORMATION, LEADING EDGES, POROUS MATERIALS, TEST FACILITIES
133
133
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
Cole, Henry A; Ganzer, Victor
texts
eye 133
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: WING SECTIONS, ICE FORMATION, ICE PREVENTION AND REMOVAL - WINGS AND TAILS
2,034
2.0K
May 27, 2011
05/11
by
NON
texts
eye 2,034
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The Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) is an organization sponsored by NASA/GSFC and created to investigate the effectiveness of software engineering technologies when applied to the development of application software. The activities, findings, and recommendations of the SEL are recorded in the Software Engineering Laboratory Series, a continuing series of reports that includes this document.
Topics: COMPUTER PROGRAMS, ICE FORMATION, VARIABILITY, DATA BASES, ROBUSTNESS (MATHEMATICS), WEATHER,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
260
260
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
NON
texts
eye 260
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comment 0
In designing the Fakir fuel pump, the fundamental idea was to obtain a simple and reliable method of conveying the fuel from a low tank to the carburetor, with the avoidance of the faults of all former methods and the simultaneous warming of the fuel by means of the heat of compression generated. The principle of the Fakir fuel pump rests on the well-known principle of the diaphragm pump, which must be suitably adapted to the present purpose.
Topics: METEOROLOGY - CLOUDS, METEOROLOGY - RAIN, ICE FORMATION, ICE PREVENTION, VAPOR, WATER, WATER -...
347
347
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
Mazelsky, Bernard; Diederich, Franklin
texts
eye 347
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: ICE FORMATION, ICE PREVENTION - TANKS, FUEL - VENTS, PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION - TANKS, FUEL - VENTS
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
Rosemont ice detectors were installed at four New England locations to collect information on their response to icing near the earth's surface. Data were collected for 11 icing events during the 1979-80 winter season. These included, for each icing event, the recorded output o the ice detectors, the mass, thickness and physical properties o the ice on a control cylinder, and meteorological conditions pertinent to the field tests. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ice amounts on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tattelman,Paul, AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *ICE FORMATION INDICATORS,...
The United States Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity conducted a limited evaluation of the CH-47C helicopter in artificial icing conditions from 8 April 1974 through 2 May 1974. These tests were conducted at Moses Lake, Washington, and consisted of 2.9 hours in an artificial icing environment. Artificial icing tests were conducted to evaluate the capability of the CH-47C helicopter to safely operate in an icing environment and to verify the icing limitations presented in the operator's...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Mittag, Carl F, O'Connor, James C, Kronenberger, Louis , Jr, ARMY AVIATION...
464
464
May 23, 2011
05/11
by
Portanova, M. A.; Masters, J. E
texts
eye 464
favorite 0
comment 0
The effects of two test specimen geometry parameters, the specimen width and W/D ratio, on filled-hole tensile strength were determined for textile composite materials. Test data generated by Boeing and Lockheed on 2-D and 3-D braids, and 3-D weaves were used to make these evaluations. The investigation indicated that filled-hole tensile-strength showed little sensitivity to either parameter. Test specimen configurations used in open-hole tension tests, such as those suggested by ASTM D5766 -...
Topics: AIRFOILS, ICE FORMATION, MOISTURE CONTENT, SCALING LAWS, WIND TUNNEL TESTS, AIRSPEED, FLIGHT...
61
61
Jan 16, 2022
01/22
by
PeriscopeFilm
movies
eye 61
favorite 3
comment 0
Made by the Walt Disney Company during WWII for the U.S. Navy, ICE FORMATION ON AIRCRAFT was part of a series of films and booklets in the "Aerology Series" produced by the Bureau of Aeronautics Training Division, Navy Department, Washington D.C. for Naval Aviation Cadets. (The film was later re-made after the war, with the graphics updates to reflect more modern aircraft.) Each section of the film deals with a type of ice and its ramifications for aircraft. The film features flight...
Topics: Walt Disney, US Navy, Ice Formation, WWII, Animated Film, Stock Footage, Periscope Film
The report presents data on aircraft icing conditions, methods of preventing and removing ice on aircraft in flight, and methods of testing ice protection systems to ensure adequacy. The first section discusses statistical icing data to be used as design criteria for ice protection evaluations and systems. The second section is concerned with thephysics of ice collection, and presents formulas and charts for determination of the rate, size, and shape of ice formations on aircraft. The third...
Topics: DTIC Archive, GENERAL DYNAMICS SAN DIEGO CA CONVAIR DIV, *AIRFRAMES, *DEICING SYSTEMS, CLOUDS,...
396
396
Jul 11, 2010
07/10
by
DUBNIKOV, L. M.; TIKHOMIROV, I. F
texts
eye 396
favorite 0
comment 0
BASIC STUDIES ON DETERMINING SMALL AMOUNTS OF FLUORINE ARE REVIEWED AND SUMMARIZED BRIEFLY. THESE ARE STUDIES THAT WERE PRESENTED AND PUBLISHED BEFORE AND THROUGH 1944. A COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE DIFFERENT METHODS DISCUSSED IS PRESENTED ALONG WITH BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION.
Topics: AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS, CARBURETORS, ICE FORMATION, INTAKE SYSTEMS, AIRCRAFT HAZARDS, AIRCRAFT SAFETY,...
742
742
Jul 23, 2010
07/10
by
Rhodes, David B.; Franke, John M.; Jones, Stephen B.; Leighty, Bradley D
texts
eye 742
favorite 0
comment 0
A galvanometer mirror-based laser light sheet system has been developed for use in the Basic Aerodynamics Research Tunnel at NASA Langley. This system generates and positions single or multiple light sheets over aeronautical research models being tested in the low speed tunnel. This report describes a twin mirrored galvanometer laser light sheet generator and shows typical light sheet arrangements in use. With this system, illumination of smoke entrained in the flow over a delta wing model...
Topics: AVIATION METEOROLOGY, FLIGHT SAFETY, WEATHER, ICE FORMATION, LIGHTNING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
Timber piling can suffer severely from ice damage. As ice forms on the water's surface, it adheres to the rough surface of the timber piling and forms an ice collar. As more ice forms and thickens and the water level changes due to tides, the ice tries to float up and down, exerting an uplift force on the piling. When the action is repeated, the piling is lifted higher (or jacked) and may be completely loosened from the bottom. If the piling is not lifted the first season, the chafing action of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, COASTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER VICKSBURG MS, *PILE STRUCTURES, ICE FORMATION,...
0
0.0
Jul 21, 2022
07/22
by
Smith, Michael
texts
eye 0
favorite 0
comment 0
p.7-28, maps
Topics: Canada, Arctic Waters (in general), Floating Ice, Decay of, Floating Ice, Formation of, Polynyas
1,582
1.6K
Jun 2, 2011
06/11
by
Patnaik, Surya N.; Hopkins, Dale A.; Halford, Gary R
texts
eye 1,582
favorite 0
comment 0
Strength of materials problems have been classified into determinate and indeterminate problems. Determinate analysis primarily based on the equilibrium concept is well understood. Solutions of indeterminate problems required additional compatibility conditions, and its comprehension was not exclusive. A solution to indeterminate problem is generated by manipulating the equilibrium concept, either by rewriting in the displacement variables or through the cutting and closing gap technique of the...
Topics: ICE FORMATION, PILOT SUPPORT SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, DECISION MAKING, WEATHER, COCKPIT...
245
245
Jun 1, 2011
06/11
by
Kifle, Muli; Andro, Monty; Tran, Quang K.; Fujikawa, Gene; Chu, Pong P
texts
eye 245
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comment 0
Future science missions will require the use of multiple spacecraft with multiple sensor nodes autonomously responding and adapting to a dynamically changing space environment. The acquisition of random scientific events will require rapidly changing network topologies, distributed processing power, and a dynamic resource management strategy. Optimum utilization and configuration of spacecraft communications and navigation resources will be critical in meeting the demand of these stringent...
Topics: ICE FORMATION, WATER, FILM THICKNESS, SCALE MODELS, TEST CHAMBERS, STAGNATION POINT, SIMULATION,...
The USSR Hydrometeorological Center has twice published 'Tentative Instructions on Warning of a Possible Icing of Ships' (in 1967 and 1969) and each time, the instructions were subjected to verification under the conditions of the actual operation of the forecasting agencies of our service. In all for the four cold seasons, the USSR Hydrometeorological Center received more than 3, 000 questionnaires concerning the icing of ships. The Hydrometeorological Service also collected and collated the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Borisenkov, Ye P, Pchelko, I G, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH,...
Natural and artificial icing tests were conducted form 22 January to 22 February 1979 in the vicinity of St. Paul, MN with follow-on natural tests conducted from 26 February to 21 March 1979 in the vicinity of Syracuse, NY. A total of 6.7 hours were flown in the artificial environment and 7.8 hours in the natural environment. Artificial conditions were tested at liquid water content (LWC) range of 0.25 to 0.90 gm/m to the 3rd power with a temperature range of - 10 to -20 degrees C. Natural...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wilson, Grady W, ARMY AVIATION ENGINEERING FLIGHT ACTIVITY EDWARDS AFB CA,...
293
293
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Neel, C. B
texts
eye 293
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: AIRFOILS, DEICERS, ICE FORMATION, PNEUMATIC CONTROL, THERMAL PROTECTION, AERODYNAMIC...
This work presents a review of the experimental basis for modeling ice accretions on swept wings. Experimental work related to ice accretion physics on swept wings conducted between 1954 and 2004 is reviewed. Proposed models or explanations of scallop formations are singled out and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on reviewing the work done to determine the basic macroscopic mechanisms of scallop formation. The role of feather growth and its connection to scallop growth is discussed....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SWEPT WINGS, ICE FORMATION, ICE, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,...
The design and validation of adequate aircraft ice protection has evolved into a specialized and technically complex area where many engineering disciplines are involved; namely, aeronautical, electrical, mechanical, electronics, chemical simulations, mathematical modeling, airframe/engine systems design, atmospheric physics, and meteorology. Research advances in any one discipline have a direct effect on updating the procedural technology used in the design and validation of ice protection...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Heinrich, A, GATES LEARJET CORP WICHITA KS, *AIRCRAFT, *ICE FORMATION, *ICE...
385
385
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Perkins, P. J
texts
eye 385
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: AERODYNAMIC INTERFERENCE, IMPACT, AIRFOILS, IMPINGEMENT, RAINDROPS, AIRSPEED, ANGLE OF ATTACK,...
The US Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity operates a modified CH-47C helicopter as an airborne spray tanker for helicopter qualification tests in artificial icing conditions. The operational performance and spray cloud characteristics of the Helicopter Icing Spray System were evaluated in the course of several test programs during the 1984 and 1985 icing seasons in Duluth, Minnesota. Configuration changes made during the first two phases of this program reduced previous spray system...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Belte, Daumants, ARMY AVIATION ENGINEERING FLIGHT ACTIVITY EDWARDS AFB CA, *ICE...
This report presents experimental results on the conditions of initiation of an ice jam by a simple surface obstruction, on the equilibrium thickness of an ice jam formed by accumulation and submergence of ice floes, and on the compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover. In the study on ice jam initiation, it was found that the minimum concentration of floes in the opening of the obstruction at which a jam occurs is nearly independent of the ratio of width of constricted passage to...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tatinclaux,J C, Lee,C L, Wang,T P, Nakato,T, Kennedy,J F, IOWA INST OF HYDRAULIC...
This document contains a compilation of the weekly sea ice analyses produced by the Navy/NOAA Joint Ice Center. The Eastern-Western Sea Ice Analysis is produced every year by June or July. The maps show the boundaries and edges of ice formation in Arctic regions.
Topics: DTIC Archive, NAVAL POLAR OCEANOGRAPHY CENTER WASHINGTON DC, *EDGES, ARCTIC REGIONS, SEA ICE, ICE...
The primary objective of this research was the development of a basic scientific understanding of frazil and anchor ice including their formation, growth, characteristics, and evolution in form and dynamics and their role in the development of the initial ice cover on a river. Interpretation of these data were directed toward developing an understanding of the physics of freeze-up as it involves frazil and anchor ice. (Author).
Topics: DTIC Archive, Osterkamp,T E, ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS, *ICE FORMATION, *ICE, DYNAMICS, FREEZING,...
477
477
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Gelder, T. F.; Smyers, W. H., Jr.; Vonglahn, U
texts
eye 477
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comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: CONICAL INLETS, ICE FORMATION, PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION, AERODYNAMIC CONFIGURATIONS, ANGLE OF ATTACK,...
421
421
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Balakrishnan, A.; Nicolet, W. E
texts
eye 421
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT, FLIGHT CONDITIONS, ICE FORMATION, ROUTES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, CANADA,...
A grid block transformation scheme which allows the input of grids in arbitrary reference frames, the use of mirror planes, and grids with relative velocities has been developed. A simple ice crystal and sand particle bouncing scheme has been included.. Added an SLD splashing model based on that developed by William Wright for the LEWICE 3.2.2 software. A new area based collection efficiency algorithm will be incorporated which calculates trajectories from inflow block boundaries to outflow...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ICE FORMATION, COMPUTATIONAL GRIDS, SIMULATION, SPLASHING,...
531
531
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
NON
texts
eye 531
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: DESCENT, FIGHTER AIRCRAFT, FLIGHT PATHS, ICE FORMATION, TAKEOFF, FLIGHT CONDITIONS, MOISTURE...
477
477
May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Whitlow, Jr., Woodrow; Blech, Richard A.; Blankson, Isaiah M
texts
eye 477
favorite 0
comment 0
This paper will present technologies and concepts for novel aeropropulsion systems. These technologies will enhance the safety of operations, reduce life cycle costs, and contribute to reduced costs of air travel and access to space. One of the goals of the NASA program is to reduce the carbon-dioxide emissions of aircraft engines. Engine concepts that use highly efficient fuel cell/electric drive technologies in hydrogen-fueled engines will be presented in the proposed paper. Carbon-dioxide...
Topics: CLOUD PHYSICS, SNOW, TROPICAL REGIONS, HEAT BUDGET, MOISTURE, WATER BALANCE, HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE,...
880
880
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
NON
texts
eye 880
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: AIRCRAFT ANTENNAS, ICE FORMATION, LOADS (FORCES), ANGLES (GEOMETRY), ANTENNA DESIGN, DROP SIZE, ICE...
Frazil ice forms in flowing or turbulent water that has become supercooled by heat transfer to overlying air. This report investigates the influences of turbulence and water temperature on frazil ice formation. The rate and the quantity of frazil ice formed in a specified volume of supercooled water increase with both increasing turbulence intensity and decreasing water temperature. The influence of turbulence intensity on the rate of frazil ice formation, however, is more pronounced for larger...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ettema,R, IOWA INST OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH IOWA CITY, *ICE FORMATION, *ICE,...
203
203
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Lewis, W
texts
eye 203
favorite 0
comment 0
No Abstract Available
Topics: AIRCRAFT SAFETY, AXIAL FLOW TURBINES, FUEL FLOW, ICE FORMATION, THRUST, AIRCRAFT HAZARDS, AXIAL...
A study program was conducted for the U.S. Army AMRDL to define ice protection requirements for advanced rotary-wing aircraft. The study included investigations into the hazards of flying through ice, probability of icing, vehicle ice accretion rates, current ice protection system designs, operational limitations of current helicopters, and advanced deicing concepts.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Werner, J B, LOCKHEED-CALIFORNIA CO BURBANK, *ICE PREVENTION, DEICING SYSTEMS,...
694
694
Jun 2, 2011
06/11
by
Chen, Y.-K.; Milos, Frank S
texts
eye 694
favorite 0
comment 0
A formulation of finite-rate ablation surface boundary conditions, including oxidation, nitridation, and sublimation of carbonaceous material with pyrolysis gas injection, has been developed based on surface species mass conservation. These surface boundary conditions are discretized and integrated with a Navier-Stokes solver. This numerical procedure can predict aerothermal heating, chemical species concentration, and carbonaceous material ablation rate over the heatshield surface of re-entry...
Topics: HIGH SPEED CAMERAS, ICE FORMATION, DROPS (LIQUIDS), DETECTION, MOISTURE CONTENT, WIND TUNNELS,...
