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736
Jul 23, 2010
07/10
by
Rhodes, David B.; Franke, John M.; Jones, Stephen B.; Leighty, Bradley D
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A galvanometer mirror-based laser light sheet system has been developed for use in the Basic Aerodynamics Research Tunnel at NASA Langley. This system generates and positions single or multiple light sheets over aeronautical research models being tested in the low speed tunnel. This report describes a twin mirrored galvanometer laser light sheet generator and shows typical light sheet arrangements in use. With this system, illumination of smoke entrained in the flow over a delta wing model...
Topics: AVIATION METEOROLOGY, FLIGHT SAFETY, WEATHER, ICE FORMATION, LIGHTNING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
219
219
May 23, 2011
05/11
by
Boger, David A.; Govindan, T. R.; McDonald, Henr
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Previous work at NASA LeRC has shown that flow distortions in aircraft engine inlet ducts can be significantly reduced by mounting vortex generators, or small wing sections, on the inside surface of the engine inlet. The placement of the vortex generators is an important factor in obtaining the optimal effect over a wide operating envelope. In this regard, the only alternative to a long and expensive test program which would search out this optimal configuration is a good prediction procedure...
Topics: MARS ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS, MARS...
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522
Sep 20, 2010
09/10
by
Bansal, Narottam P
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The applications of chronopotentiometry to the study of electrochemical behavior of three technologically important areas of refractory metals, actinides, and oxyanions in molten salts are critically reviewed. Chronopotentiometry is a very versatile diagnostic tool to understand the reaction mechanism of the electrode processes for the electrochemical reduction/oxidation of these electroactive species in molten salt solutions. Well adherent, compact, and uniformly thick coatings of refractory...
Topics: AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, REMOTE SENSING, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, WIND MEASUREMENT,...
The downshear reformation of Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2001) was investigated using radar reflectivity and lightning data that were nearly continuous in time, as well as frequent aircraft reconnaissance flights. Initially the storm was a marginal tropical storm in an environment with strong 850-200 hPa vertical wind shear of 12-13 meters per second and an approaching upper tropospheric trough. Both the observed outflow and an adiabatic balance model calculation showed that the radial-vertical...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CYCLONES, TROPICAL STORMS, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, CONVECTION,...
Research was performed in atmospheric, dynamical, and thermodynamical processes and in other disciplines necessary to accomplish the following tasks: develop procedures for combining generalized radiative transfer codes with dynamic atmospheric model codes; perform diagnostic analysis of atmospheric processes to gain a better understanding of the evolution and development of mesoscale circulation systems and their precipitation structures; and to develop algorithms and software necessary to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, MESOSCALE...
After more than a decade of development by a broad cross-section of the U.S. atmospheric research community involved in planning for the National STORM Program, the Subcommittee on Atmospheric Research (SAR) of the Committee on Earth and Environmental Science (CEES) led the development of a strategic plan to realize the objectives of STORM so as to improve our nation's capability to provide accurate short-term forecasts of weather. This strategic plan will guide the planning and implementation...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOMETEOROLOGY, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, STORMS, WEATHER,...
The Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-4) provided a unique opportunity to observe the distributions and document the roles of important atmospheric factors that impact the development of the core asymmetries and core structural changes of tropical cyclones embedded in vertical wind shear. The state-of-the-art instruments flown on the NASA DC-8 and ER-2, in addition to those on the NOAA aircraft, provided a unique set of observations that documented the core structure throughout...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CYCLONES, WIND SHEAR, METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH AIRCRAFT,...
308
308
Jun 11, 2011
06/11
by
Gehrels, N.; Cominsky, L. R., et al; Chincarini, G.; Giommi, P.; Mason, K. O.; Nousek, J. A.; Wells, A. A.; White, N. E.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Burrows, D. N.
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The Swift mission: scheduled for launch in early 2004: is a multiwavelength observatory for gamma-ray burst (GRB) astronomy. It is the first-of-its-kind autonomous rapid-slewing satellite for transient astronomy and pioneers the way for future rapid-reaction and multiwavelength missions. It will be far more powerful than any previous GRB mission, observing more than 100 bursts per year and performing detailed X-ray and UV/optical afterglow observations spanning timescales from 1 minute to...
Topics: FLOODS, FLUX DENSITY, JET STREAMS (METEOROLOGY), SOIL MOISTURE, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, EARTH SURFACE,...
200
200
May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Golden, Keit
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eye 200
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This paper presents DPADL (Data Processing Action Description Language), a language for describing planning domains that involve data processing. DPADL is a declarative object-oriented language that supports constraints and embedded Java code, object creation and copying, explicit inputs and outputs for actions, and metadata descriptions of existing and desired data. DPADL is supported by the IMAGEbot system, which will provide automation for an ecosystem forecasting system called TOPS.
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, REMOTE SENSING, RADIOMETERS, TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE,...
The impact of the diagnostic initialization of divergence on short-range precipitation forecasts produced by a model, a numerical study of a storm, collaborative modeling and diagnostic studies, and a numerical investigation of the impact of SEASAT surface wind data used in the static initialization of the North Atlantic Storm of 9-10 September 1978 are summerized.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES, PRECIPITATION...
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295
Jul 26, 2010
07/10
by
Pandey, Ajay K.; Dechaumphai, Pramote; Thornton, Earl A
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The time-dependent thermo-viscoplastic response of aerospace structures subjected to intense aerothermal loads is predicted using the finite-element method. The finite-element analysis uses the Bodner-Partom unified viscoplastic constitutive relations to determine rate-dependent nonlinear material behavior. The methodology is verified by comparison with experimental data and other numerical results for a uniaxially-loaded bar. The method is then used (1) to predict the structural response of a...
Topics: ALGORITHMS, RADAR ECHOES, RADIO DIRECTION FINDERS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, LIGHTNING, MESOSCALE...
Raman lidar has been used to quantify water vapor in the atmosphere for various scientific studies including mesoscale meteorology and satellite validation. Now the international networks of NDACC and GRUAN have interest in using Raman water vapor lidar for detecting trends in atmospheric water vapor concentrations. What are the data needs for addressing these very different measurement challenges. We will review briefly the scientific needs for water vapor accuracy for each of these three...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOMETEOROLOGY, OPTICAL RADAR, WATER VAPOR, RAMAN SPECTRA,...
243
243
May 30, 2011
05/11
by
Meyn, Larry A.; Bennett, Mark S
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A description is presented of two enhancements for a two-camera, video imaging system that increase the accuracy and efficiency of the system when applied to the determination of three-dimensional locations of points along a continuous line. These enhancements increase the utility of the system when extracting quantitative data from surface and off-body flow visualizations. The first enhancement utilizes epipolar geometry to resolve the stereo ''correspondence'' problem. This is the problem of...
Topics: CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY), RURAL AREAS, GAS COMPOSITION, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
Tropical Storm Chantal during August 2001 was a storm that failed to intensify over the few days prior to making landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula. An observational study of Tropical Storm Chantal is presented using a diverse data set including remote and in situ measurements from the NASA ER-2 and DC-8 and the NOAA WP-3D N42RF aircraft and satellite data. The authors discuss the storm structure from the larger scale environment down to the convective scale. Large vertical shear (850-200 hPa...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CYCLONES, HURRICANES, TROPICAL STORMS, VORTICES, METEOROLOGY,...
1,070
1.1K
May 29, 2011
05/11
by
NON
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This report provides a focused and in-depth look at the opportunities and drivers for the enhancement and evolution of the International Space Station (ISS) during assembly and beyond the assembly complete stage. These enhancements would expand and improve the current baseline capabilities of the ISS and help to facilitate the commercialization of the ISS by the private sector. Volume 1 provides the consolidated overview of the ISS baseline systems; information on the current facilities...
Topics: CONVECTION, TROPICAL REGIONS, U-2 AIRCRAFT, DOPPLER RADAR, HURRICANES, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, TOWERS,...
Clear-air turbulence has become the largest single cause of weather-related injuries occurring in commercial carriers at cruising altitudes. A technique for objective operational CAT detection (the SCATR index) has been formulated. Its physical basis ties CAT to total energy dissipation as a response to meso- and synoptic-scale dynamical processes associated with upper-level jet stream/frontal zones. Early case studies using properly analyzed routine RAOB rawinsonde sounding data have shown...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AVIATION METEOROLOGY, CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE, WEATHER...
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370
May 6, 2010
05/10
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Kounaves, S. P.; McElhoney, K.; Shusterman, J; Hecht, M. H.; Kapit, J.; Quinn, R. C.; Catling, D. C.; Clark, B. C.; Ming, D. W.; Gospodinova, K.; Hredzak, P.
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Over the past several decades, elemental sulfur in martian soils and rocks has been detected by a number of missions using X-ray spectroscopy [1-3]. Optical spectroscopy has also provided evidence for widespread sulfates on Mars [4,5]. The ubiquitous presence of sulfur in soils has been interpreted as a widely distributed sulfate mineralogy [6]. However, direct confirmation as to the identity and solubility of the sulfur species in martian soil has never been obtained. One goal of the Wet...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS, STRATIFICATION, STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, CLIMATE MODELS,...
This annual report, as before, is intended for a broad audience. Our readers include colleagues within NASA, scientists outside the Agency, science graduate students, and members of the general public. Inside are descriptions of atmospheric research science highlights and summaries of our education and outreach accomplishments for calendar year 2012.The report covers research activities from the Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, the Climate and Radiation Laboratory, the Atmospheric...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGY, CLIMATE, ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, CLIMATOLOGY,...
275
275
Sep 20, 2010
09/10
by
Duval, Ronal
texts
eye 275
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The validation of the results of physically-based mathematical models against experimental results was discussed. Systematic techniques are used for: (1) isolating subsets of the simulator mathematical model and comparing the response of each subset to its experimental response for the same input conditions; (2) evaluating the response error to determine whether it is the result of incorrect parameter values, incorrect structure of the model subset, or unmodeled external effects of cross...
Topics: AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS, WEATHER FORECASTING, DESIGN ANALYSIS, LAUNCH VEHICLES, SPACECRAFT DESIGN,...
390
390
May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Coleman, Clarence D
texts
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The Portsmouth Atmospheric Science School Project (PASS) Project was granted a one-year no cost extension for 2001-2002. In year three of the project, objectives and strategies were modified based on the previous year-end evaluation. The recommendations were incorporated and the program was replicated within most of the remaining elementary schools in Portsmouth, Virginia and continued in the four middle schools. The Portsmouth Atmospheric Science School Project is a partnership, which includes...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS, SOUTH KOREA, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, NUMERICAL WEATHER...
The Mesoscale Analysis and Space Sensor (MASS) Data Management and Analysis System developed by Atsuko Computing International (ACI) on the MASS HP-1000 Computer System within the Systems Dynamics Laboratory of the Marshall Space Flight Center is described. The MASS Data Management and Analysis System was successfully implemented and utilized daily by atmospheric scientists to graphically display and analyze large volumes of conventional and satellite derived meteorological data. The scientists...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGICAL...
The 2009 Technical Highlights describes the efforts of all members of the Laboratory for Atmospheres. Their dedication to advancing Earth Science through conducting research, developing and running models, designing instruments, managing projects, running field campaigns, and numerous other activities, is highlighted in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, MESOMETEOROLOGY, EARTH ATMOSPHERE,...
The session on techniques and resources for storm-scale numerical weather prediction are reviewed. The recommendations of this group are broken down into three area: modeling and prediction, data requirements in support of modeling and prediction, and data management. The current status, modeling and technological recommendations, data requirements in support of modeling and prediction, and data management are addressed.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, DATA MANAGEMENT, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
The 45th Weather Squadron (45 WS) Launch Weather Officers (LWO's) use the 12-km resolution North American Mesoscale (NAM) model (MesoNAM) text and graphical product forecasts extensively to support launch weather operations. However, the actual performance of the model at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) has not been measured objectively. In order to have tangible evidence of model performance, the 45 WS tasked the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU; Bauman et...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHER FORECASTING,...
A summary of an investigation of deep convective cloud systems that typify the summertime subtropical environment of northern Alabama is presented. The major portion of the research effort included analysis of data acquired during the 1986 Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment (COHMEX), which consisted of the joint programs Satellite Precipitation and Cloud Experiment (SPACE) under NASA direction, the Microburst and Service Thunderstorm (MIST) Program under NSF sponsorship, and the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ALABAMA, CLOUD PHYSICS, CONVECTION CLOUDS, MESOSCALE...
332
332
May 21, 2011
05/11
by
Chang, Sin-Chun
texts
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A new numerical framework for solving conservation laws is being developed. This new approach differs substantially in both concept and methodology from the well-established methods--i.e., finite difference, finite volume, finite element, and spectral methods. It is conceptually simple and designed to avoid several key limitations to the above traditional methods. An explicit model scheme for solving a simple 1-D unsteady convection-diffusion equation is constructed and used to illuminate major...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, PRECIPITATION, THERMODYNAMICS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, DYNAMIC MODELS,...
289
289
May 23, 2011
05/11
by
Fahrenthold, Eric P
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Particle-based hydrodynamics models offer distinct advantages over Eulerian and Lagrangian hydrocodes in particular shock physics applications. Particle models are designed to avoid the mesh distortion and state variable diffusion problems which can hinder the effective use of Lagrangian and Eulerian codes respectively. However existing particle-in-cell and smooth particle hydrodynamics methods employ particles which are actually moving interpolation points. The latter distinction has been...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, COLD FRONTS, WEATHER FORECASTING, SPACE PROGRAMS,...
This report summarizes the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) activities for the second quarter of Fiscal Year 2005 (January - March 2005). A detailed project schedule is included in the Appendix.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), WEATHER FORECASTING, GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE, MESOSCALE...
The need for and feasibility of a research satellite program for the intensive study of the lower atmosphere (the troposphere and lower stratosphere) is discussed. The priorities for scientific investigation of the lower atmosphere during the next decade are examined. The findings of the study are concerned with identification of those broad research issues of highest priority and, in particular, with those that are most appropriate for investigation from space platforms.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS, LOWER ATMOSPHERE, RESEARCH MANAGEMENT,...
The rawinsonde sounding program is described and tabulated data at 25 mb intervals for the 24 and 14 special stations participation in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 hr intervals. The method of processing soundings is discussed briefly, estimates of the RMS errors in the data are presented, and an example of contact data is given. Termination pressures of soundings taken in the meso beta scale network are tabulated, as are observations of ground temperature at a depth...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGY, DATA...
Space Technology 5 (ST-5) is a three micro-satellite constellation deployed into a 300 x 4500 km, dawn-dusk, sun-synchronous polar orbit from March 22 to June 21, 2006, for technology validations. In this paper, we present a study of the temporal variability of field-aligned currents using multi-point magnetic field measurements from ST5. The data demonstrate that mesoscale current structures are commonly embedded within large-scale field-aligned current sheets. The meso-scale current...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FIELD ALIGNED CURRENTS, TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION, SPATIAL...
The research effort supported by NASA Grant NAG5-7469, awarded to the University at Albany, State University of New York (UA/SUNY), comprises the following two projects: (1) the observational study of large-amplitude inertia-gravity wave environments over the continental United States; and (2) the definition of opportunities and issues in extratropical cyclone dynamics and related phenomenological studies that may be addressed using high-resolution global datasets produced by the Data...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CYCLONES, GRAVITY WAVES, INERTIA, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
Climatological features of mesoscale rain activities over the Mediterranean region between 5 W-40 E and 28 N-48 N are examined using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 and 2A25 rain products. The 3B42 rainrates at 3-hourly, 0.25 deg x 0.25 deg spatial resolution for the last 10 years (January 1998 to July 2007) are used to form and analyze the 5-day mean and monthly mean climatology of rainfall. Results show considerable regional and seasonal differences of rainfall over the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATOLOGY, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, RAIN,...
Research efforts during the second year have centered on improving the manner in which convective stabilization is achieved in the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model MM5. Ways of improving this stabilization have been investigated by (1) refining the partitioning between the Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization scheme and the grid scale by introducing a form of moist convective adjustment; (2) using radar data to define locations of subgrid-scale convection during a dynamic initialization...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, CONVECTION, PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY),...
Satellite imagery plus conventional synoptic observations were used to examine three mesoscale systems recently observed by the GOES-EAST satellite. The three systems are an arc cloud complex (ACC), mountain lee wave clouds and cloud streets parallel to the wind shear. Possible gravity-wave activity is apparent in all three cases. Of particular interest is the ACC because of its ability to interact with other mesoscale phenomena to produce or enhance convection.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS,...
The relative importance of heterogeneous and homogeneous ice nucleation for cirrus formation remains an active area of debate in the cloud physics community. From a theoretical perspective, a number of modeling studies have investigated the sensitivity of ice number concentration to the nucleation mechanism and the abundance of ice nuclei. However, these studies typically only addressed ice concentration immediately after ice nucleation. Recent modeling work has shown that the high ice...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CIRRUS CLOUDS, CLOUD PHYSICS, ICE FORMATION, MESOSCALE...
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1.3K
Jul 26, 2010
07/10
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Kilgore, Melvin V., Jr.; Zahorchak, Robert J.; Arendale, William F
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Efforts to identify the ideal candidate to serve as the biological monitor on the space station Freedom are discussed. The literature review, the evaluation scheme, descriptions of candidate monitors, experimental studies, test beds, and culture techniques are discussed. Particular attention is given to descriptions of five candidate monitors or monitoring techniques: laser light scattering, primary fluorescence, secondary fluorescence, the volatile product detector, and the surface acoustic...
Topics: EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE), LIGHTNING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, SPACEBORNE PHOTOGRAPHY,...
The topics discussed include the following: perspectives on planetary boundary layer (PBL) measurements; current problems of PBL parameterization in mesoscale models; and convective cloud-PBL interactions.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, PLANETARY BOUNDARY...
During the session on modeling of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes the following topics were addressed: current PBL parameterizations used in mesoscale models; critical issues in improving PBL parameterizations for mesoscale models; suggestions for future modeling efforts; and suggestions for observing system strategies.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, PARAMETERIZATION,...
Three mesoscale sounding data sets from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) produced using different retrieval techniques were evaluated of corresponding ground truth rawinsonde data for 6-7 March 1982. Mean, standard deviations, and RMS differences between the satellite and rawinsonde parameters were calculated over gridded fields in central Texas and Oklahoma. Large differences exist between each satellite data set and the ground truth data. Biases in the satellite temperature and moisture...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, MOISTURE CONTENT,...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE/VAS II experiment is described and tabulated data at 25 mb intervals are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 hr intervals, was an 18 hour period. An additional sounding was taken at the normal synoptic observation time. The processing soundings method is discussed, estimates of the RMS errors in the data are presented, and an example of contact data is given. Termination pressures of soundings taken in the meso-beta-scale network are tabulated, as...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE, MESOSCALE...
Megafans (100-600 km radius) are very large alluvial fans that cover significant areas on most continents, the surprising finding of recent global surveys. The number of such fans and patterns of sedimentation on them provides new mesoscale architectures that can now be applied on continental fluvial depositional systems, and therefore on. Megafan-scale reconstructions underground as yet have not been attempted. Seismic surveys offer new possibilities in identifying the following prospective...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, FANS (LANDFORMS), TOPOGRAPHY,...
Two modeling areas, the development of a mesoscale chemistry-meteorology interaction model, and the development of a combined urban chemical kinetics-transport model are examined. The problems associated with developing a three dimensional combined meteorological-chemical kinetics computer program package are defined. A similar three dimensional hydrostatic real time model which solves the fundamental Navier-Stokes equations for nonviscous flow is described. An urban air quality simulation...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, MESOSCALE...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE/VAS 3 experiment is described. Tabulated data are presented at 25-mb intervals for the 24 National Weather Service stations and 14 special stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken at 3-hr intervals, beginning at 1200 GMT on March 27, 1982, and ending at 0600 GMT on March 28, 1982 (7 sounding times). An additional sounding was taken at the National Weather Service stations at 1200 GMT on March 28, 1982, at the normal synoptic...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, RAWINSONDES, SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY,...
A multi-scale modeling system with unified physics has been developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The system consists of an MMF, the coupled NASA Goddard finite-volume GCM (fvGCM) and Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model (GCE, a CRM); the state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and the stand alone GCE. These models can share the same microphysical schemes, radiation (including explicitly calculated cloud optical properties), and surface models that have been...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MULTISCALE MODELS, CLOUD PHYSICS, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
Precipitation maxima during the West African summer monsoon propagate generally westward in tandem with African easterly waves. A heretofore unreported, repeating pattern of northward drift of precipitation maxima is detected on Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM satellite) time-latitude distributions of daily accumulations over the eastern tropical Atlantic. Corresponding 3-hourly TRMM accumulations show that the northward drifting envelopes of precipitation during August 2006 are...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CONVECTION, TRMM SATELLITE, THUNDERSTORMS, MESOSCALE...
Sounding data which were derived from VAS radiance measurements and anticipated increased time and space resolution of the mesoscale environment are outlined. The new data presents problems which are not encounted when using conventional measurements because of the irregular spacing of the data, biases in the data, and errors due to cloud contaminated measurements. These problems are addressed and an analysis technique which utilizes LFM guess fields to produce a consistent four dimensional...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, RADIANCE, VISIBLE INFRARED SPIN SCAN...
The two principle efforts include: (1) a compilation of a synoptic, mesoscale data base on times of origination and extinction of animal genera in the oceans over the last 600 million years of geologic time; and (2) an analysis of statistical patterns in these data that relate to the diversification of complex life and to the occurrence of mass extinctions, especially those that might be associated with extraterrestrial phenomena. The data base is unique in its taxonomic scope and detail and in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ANIMALS, BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, DATA BASES, EXTINCTION,...
The rawinsonde sounding program is described and tabulated data at 25 mb intervals for the 24 stations and 14 special stations participating in the experiment is presented. Sounding were taken at 3 hr intervals. An additional sounding was taken at the normal synoptic observation time. Some soundings were computed from raw ordinate data, while others were interpolated from significant level data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGY, DATA...
Most convective field experiments in the past (e.g., SESAME, CCOPE, CINDE) have attempted to resolve only the immediate scales of moist convection using network arrays that spanned two or three atmospheric scales at most. Furthermore, these scales have been defined more on practical considerations (cost, manpower, etc.) than on a clear understanding of their theoretical significance. Unfortunately, this has precluded a description of the entire life cycle of MCS's and their interaction with...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, CONVECTIVE FLOW,...
