Serum response factor (SRF) is an ubiquitously expressed member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, SRF) box transcription factor family, sharing a highly conserved DNA-binding/dimerization domain, which binds the core sequence of SRE/CArG boxes [CC (A/T)6 GG]. In addition, SRF is as well a widely expressed transcription factor involved in orchestrating disparate programs of gene expression linked to differentiation and cellular growth in smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle. Recent results...
Topics: Skeletal Muscle, Serum Response Factor, Myod, Hypertrophy, Regeneration
Adult skeletal muscle is the dominant system through which complex physical actionsare accomplished and is uniquely capable of repair and regeneration after different types of insultor injury via resident stem cells. The in-vivo epigenomic and transcriptional mechanisms through which skeletal muscle repairs itself are partly understood and herein, we administer severe muscle trauma to a mouse tibialis anterior muscle and monitor the in-vivo dynamics of three histone modifications and gene...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Aguilar,Carlos A, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Lexington United States, skeletal muscle,...
Following injury, adult skeletal muscle undergoes a well-coordinated sequence of molecular and physiological events to promote repair and regeneration. However, a thorough understanding of the in-vivo epigenomic and transcriptional mechanisms that drive and control these reparative events is lacking. To address this, we monitored the in-vivo dynamics of three histone modifications and coding and noncoding RNA expression throughout the regenerative process in a mouse model of traumatic muscle...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Aguilar,Carlos A, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Lexington United States, transcription...
Since the beginning of human space flight, there has been serious concern over the exposure of human crewmembers to the microgravity of space due to the systemic effects on terrestrially-evolved creatures that are adapted to Earth gravity. Humans in the microgravity environment of space, within our currently developed space vehicles, are exposed to various periods of skeletal muscle unloading (unweighting). Unloading of skeletal muscle both on Earth and during spaceflight results in remodeling...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MUSCLES, MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, SPACECREWS, SKELETAL MUSCLE,...
Musculoskeletal modeling has become a valuable tool with which to understand how neural, muscular, skeletal and other tissues are integrated to produce movement. Most musculoskeletal modeling work has to date focused on humans or their close relatives, with few examples of quadrupedal animal limb models. A musculoskeletal model of the mouse hindlimb could have broad utility for questions in medicine, genetics, locomotion and neuroscience. This is due to this species position as a premier model...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Charles,James P, Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom, Biomechanics,...
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Second segment of Good Stress explains the types of muscles in the body, why astronauts' muscles weaken in space and some ways of taking care of your muscles. The Muscles segment describes the difference between skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. The Muscles segment also explains the rehabilitation of astronauts returning from space.
Topics: NASA Connect, Good Stress, Muscles, Bones, Stress, RJ, Beth Shepard, Types of Muscles, Skeletal...
Source: http://nasa.ibiblio.org/details.php?videoid=6540&start=60&subject=Science
Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common injuries experienced during military combat. Poor healing of traumatic muscle injuries is associated with impaired muscle function, joint stiffness and loss of mobility. Our long-term goal is to develop a device and treatment protocol that provide a safe, inexpensive, and easy to apply treatment that will help to restore normal muscle and joint function to injured military personnel. In this report, we provide preliminary data...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Koh,Timothy, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States, skeletal...
As shown in previous works, mono-quaternary salts of alkamine esters of benzoic and cinnamic acids types and exhibit a pronounced curare like action. A series of methiodides of alkamine esters of benzoic and cinnamic acids were synthesized, containing at the quaternary nitrogen atom a 1-adamantyl residue. The results of the analysis and the constants of the synthesized compounds are presented. The substitution of an N-methyl residue by an N-adamantyl causes a change of the substance's mechanism...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Arendaruk, A P, ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER CHARLOTTESVILLE VA,...
The goal of this project is to test adeno-associated virus (AAV) CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat) gene editing therapy for Duchenne cardiomyopathy in the mdx model. In this funding period, we performed AAV CRISPR therapy in young adult mdx mice. We observed widespread dystrophin restoration in the heart on immunostaining. However, western blot showed only 5% dystrophin restoration. Nevertheless, we detected persistent gene editing till mice reached 18 months of age....
Topics: DTIC Archive, Duan, Dongsheng, University of Missouri System Columbia United States,...
The overall goal of this work is to increase the availability of critical mouse models of human muscular dystrophy (MD) for both hypothesis testing and preclinical therapy development. Our multi-disciplinary team from The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) and the Children s National Medical Center (CNMC) has expertise in MD, repository management, mouse models, and preclinical testing. For Year 3 of funding, Drs. Lutz and Cox at JAX have added 7 new strains to the MD Repository (Aim1) to leverage JAX s...
Topics: DTIC Archive, JACKSON LAB BAR HARBOR ME, *NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION, *SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS,...
Background: Given that disuse-related skeletal muscle atrophy may be exacerbated by an imbalance between energy intake and output, the amount of energy required to complete exercise countermeasures is an important consideration in the well being of subject health during bed rest and spaceflight. Objective: To evaluate the energy cost of a high intensity exercise program performed during short duration bed rest. Methods: 9 subjects (8 male and 1 female; 34.5 +/- 8.2 years) underwent 14 days of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SKELETAL MUSCLE, MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, MUSCLES, ADIPOSE...
Patients with DMD suffer from progressive muscle weakness and damage, resulting in fibrotic replacement. The goal of this project is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the anti-fibrotic agents, ACE2/Ang (1-7), when produced in plants using a chloroplast expression system. Lyophilized plant material was delivered by oral gavage to the mdx mouse model for DMD. Initial studies were done to ensure that the plant material and protein was orally bioavailable. Further, additional studies...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Barton,Elisabeth, University of Florida Gainesville United States, NEUROAXONAL...
Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common injuries experienced during military combat. Poor healing of traumatic muscle injuries is associated with impaired muscle function, joint stiffness and loss of mobility. Our long-term goal is to develop a device and treatment protocol that provide a safe, inexpensive, and easy to apply treatment that will help to restore normal muscle and joint function to injured military personnel. In this report, we provide preliminary data...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Koh,Timothy, University of Illinois Chicago United States, vibration, Monocytes,...
An improved method for culturing immature muscle cells (myoblasts) into a mature skeletal muscle overcomes some of the notable limitations of prior culture methods. The development of the method is a major advance in tissue engineering in that, for the first time, a cell-based model spontaneously fuses and differentiates into masses of highly aligned, contracting myotubes. This method enables (1) the construction of improved two-dimensional (monolayer) skeletal muscle test beds; (2) development...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CULTURE TECHNIQUES, SKELETAL MUSCLE, TISSUE ENGINEERING,...
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) cause muscle weakness, bone loss, and joint pain in up to half of cancer patients. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that increased osteoclastic bone resorption can impair muscle contractility and prime the bone microenvironment to accelerate metastatic growth. I hypothesized that AI-induced bone loss could increase breast cancer progression in bone and exacerbate muscle weakness associated with bone metastases. Female athymic nude mice underwent ovariectomy (OVX)...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wright, Laura E, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis United States,...
This is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial to determine whether early ICU rehabilitation, for Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU) patients will decrease hospital length of stay. 50 subjects will be randomized at each of three sites for a total of 150 subjects. The study has completed all regulatory requirements, completed site protocol developments and has begun to enroll patients. The goal enrollment minimums are an average of 2.5 patients enrolled per month, per site; 7.5 patients...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Morris,Peter E, University of Kentucky Research Foundation Lexington United States,...
Anatomyand Physiology OP 3dx KNq G
Topics: blood, cells, muscle, cell, chapter, bone, tissue, system, body, anterior, openstax book, nervous...
Human Anatomy, 6 edition
Topics: cells, muscle, blood, muscles, nerve, tissue, bone, chapter, anterior, posterior, nervous system,...
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US Army Medical Course Pharmacology II MD0805
Topics: muscle, nervous, generic, drug, cholinergic, skeletal, lesson, effects, agents, select, nervous...
Our fundamental goal was to test the hypothesis that spontaneous and induced plasticity in chloride-dependent synaptic inhibition of phrenic motor neurons contributes to functional recovery from chronic cervical spinal contusion (CSC) injuries. We performed experiments to determine if CSC and repetitive acute intermittent hypoxia (rAIH) shift the NKCC1/KCC2 balance in phrenic motor neurons, degrading (CSC) and restoring (rAIH) chloride-dependent synaptic inhibition, and performed experiments to...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Mitchell,Gordon S, University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison United States, wounds and...
Between 25-50 of women treated with endocrine therapies develop musculoskeletal toxicities that result in treatment discontinuation. In previous reporting periods, I demonstrated that aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment caused bone loss and skeletal muscle weakness in mice and that prevention of AI-induced osteoclastic bone resorption using a bisphosphonate attenuated ER-negative breast cancer bone metastases and improved muscle function. These preclinical findings highlight the bone...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wright, Laura E, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis United States,...
Muscle & Performance December 2015
Topics: muscle, protein, whey, grams, nutrition, performance, creatine, anabolic, amino, strength, whey...
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US Army Medical Course Basic Human Physiology MD0007
Topics: muscle, blood, body, cells, called, human, fluid, cell, lesson, skeletal, nervous system, striated...
The Space Shuttle Program provided a wealth of valuable information regarding the adaptations of skeletal muscle to weightlessness. Studies conducted during the Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project (EDOMP) represented ground breaking work on the effects of spaceflight on muscle form and function from applied human research to cellular adaptations. Results from detailed supplementary objective (DSO) 477 demonstrated that muscle strength losses could occur rapidly in response to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATROPHY, HEALTH, MICROGRAVITY, MUSCLE FIBERS, MUSCLES,...
Although it is unclear how a living cell senses gravitational forces there is no doubt that perturbation of the gravitational environment results in profound alterations in cellular function. In the present study, we have focused our attention on how acute microgravity exposure during parabolic flight affects the skeletal muscle cell plasma membrane (i.e. sarcolemma), with specific reference to a mechanically-reactive signaling mechanism known as mechanically-induced membrane disruption or...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CELLS (BIOLOGY), CYTOLOGY, GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS,...
The specific aim of the first segment of this project series was to determine the potentially deleterious effects of extreme environments on physiological health and protection. Recreationally active males (n=8) and females (n=8) completed three randomized and counterbalanced trials across varied recovery environmental conditions (normobaric hypoxia, 975 m; hypobaric hypoxia, 4420 m; and normobaric hypoxia, 4420 m). Exercise was identical for each of the three conditions (60 minutes of cycling...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ruby, Brent C, The University of Montana System Missoula United States, HIGH...
Inflammation is a defense mechanism to injury that contains infection and initiates tissue repair. A potential outcome of the inflammatory process is granulomatous inflammation characterized by a large collection of macrophages. In a previous study, we observed a low-grade inflammation around a pure collagen based scaffold on implantation into the rabbit patellar tendon. Additionally, the cross-sectional areas of the tendons treated with the implant were about 40% greater compared to the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN, *INFLAMMATION, *SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ASTRONAUT PERFORMANCE, FLIGHT FITNESS, HIGH GRAVITY...
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a life threatening disease affecting all muscles in the body. An important therapeutic goal of DMD gene therapy is to deliver a therapeutic gene to all muscles in the body. The overarching goal of this project is to achieve systemic AAV micro-dystrophin gene therapy in young adult affected dogs. In the last funding period, we proposed to incorporate the Pg.CpG-free feature to our vector to further diminish the untoward immune response. In this funding...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Duan,Dongsheng, University of Missouri System Columbia United States, muscular...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BONE MINERAL CONTENT, SPACE EXPLORATION, METABOLISM,...
The steroidal saponis elaborated by members of the echinoderm family of sea animals (e.g., sea cucumbers and starfish) are characterized by the principal structural elements: (1) a complex steroid nucleus; (2) a series of closely related sugars attached glycosidically to the 3-position of the steroid; and (3) a negative charge locus imparted by esterification of a sugar hydroxyl group with a sulfuric acid moiety. The anionic saponins are surfactants, and highly irreversible in their destruction...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Friess, S L, NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD, *MARINE BIOLOGY, *PHARMACOLOGY,...
The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of long-distance flying on recovery after muscle injury and significant bleeding. This situation may affect recovery following combat injuries, especially if wounded service members are traveling from Asia to the United States. To date, we have tested the hypothesis that there will be no difference in well-being and white blood cells populations in skeletal muscle between male mice exposed to hypobaria for 16 hours and male mice exposed...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Schneider,Barbara S, University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas United States,...
During hindlimb unloading (HU) dramatic fluid shifts occur within minutes of the suspension, leading to a less precise matching of blood flow to O2 demands of skeletal muscle. Vascular resistance directs blood away from certain muscles, such as the soleus (SOL). The muscle volume gradually reduces in these muscles so that eventually the relative blood flow returns to normal. It is generally believed that muscle volume change is not due to O2 depletion, but a consequence of disuse. However, the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MATHEMATICAL MODELS, GAS EXCHANGE, SKELETAL MUSCLE, HINDLIMB...
The purpose of this project is to examine how activation of two cellular defense mechanisms mediated by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is associated with heat tolerance and heat acclimation. In this first annual period, our major effort focused on examining effects of heat acclimation on activation of the two systems involving HSF1 and GR in cultured muscle cells. Based on our preliminary data, heat-acclimatized cells showed greater resistance against...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Chen,Yifan, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine...
This study was designed to characterize critical molecules involved in skeletal muscle response to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and blunt trauma injury in order to identify strategies for pharmacological intervention. For I/R injury, a tourniquet was applied to rat hind limbs for 3 h. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from the healthy and I/R leg were harvested 2 h post-reperfusion for analysis. For the blunt trauma model, mice were anesthetized, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA, *SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS,...
Implanted electronic devices are typically powered by batteries or transcutaneous power transmission. Batteries must be replaced or recharged, and transcutaneous power sources burden the patient or subject with external equipment prone to failure. A completely self-sustaining implanted power source would alleviate these limitations. Skeletal muscle provides an available autologous power source containing native chemical energy that produces power in excess of the requirements for muscle...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ACTIVATION (BIOLOGY), BONES, ELECTRIC BATTERIES, FAILURE,...
Weightlessness during spaceflight causes cephalad redistribution of intravascular and extravascular fluid, provoking cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system adaptations. The resulting functional state is appropriate for weightlessness but can result in orthostatic hypotension and intolerance during and after return to a persistent acceleration or gravitational environment. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) applies subambient air pressure to the legs and lower abdomen inside a volume...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, NERVOUS SYSTEM, WEIGHTLESSNESS, LOWER...
The high physical demand of military environments such as basic training, selection schools, and advanced courses subject the member to extreme muscle usage with potentially inadequate recovery time. As the muscle breaks down with extreme use, the protein, myoglobin, builds up in the blood. If the individual does not have sufficient rest time, allowing the body to recover, health problems can arise as the kidneys attempt to process the excess myoglobin. A blockage in the kidneys due to the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Mahoney,Lindsey L, AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE, DISTANCE LEARNING, AIR UNIVERSITY...
The study purpose was to evaluate the use of computer-automated algorithms as a replacement for subjective, visual determination of muscle contraction onset using M-mode ultrasonography. Biceps and quadriceps contraction images were analyzed visually and with three different classes of algorithms: pixel standard deviation (SD), high-pass filter and Teager Kaiser energy operator transformation. Algorithmic parameters and muscle onset threshold criteria were systematically varied within each...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tweedell,Andrew J, US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground United States,...
DNA vaccine technology holds great promise as a platform for developing vaccines against both emerging and established global pathogens. Despite this potential, significant challenges impede the capacity of DNA vaccines to prevent disease in humans. Foremost amongst these, is the gap between remarkable results obtained in pre-clinical mouse models and relatively modest immunogenicity observed in humans. The present work is testing the hypothesis that skeletal muscle myocytes sense cytosolic DNA...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Zaharatos,Gerasimos J, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital Montreal H3T 1E2...
The objective of this Phase II SEIR program was to demonstrate the ability to develop a complete biofidelic leg structure for anthropomorphic test manikins which replicates, both inertially and geometrically, a human leg segment. The scope of the Phase II research successfully extended the Phase I results and included the analysis, design, development and fabrication of a full scale biofidelic advanced composite skeletal and polymer flesh leg segment. Both the skeletal and flesh components...
Topics: DTIC Archive, White, Moreno, SPARTA INC SAN DIEGO CA, *STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, *ANTHROPOLOGY,...
A method for making a tissue includes seeding cells at a selected concentration on a support to form a cell spot, incubating the cells to allow the cells to partially attach, rinsing the cells to remove any unattached cells, adding culture medium to enable the cells to proliferate at a periphery of the cell spot and to differentiate toward a center of the cell spot, and further incubating the cells to form the tissue. The cells may be C2C12 cells or other subclones of the C2 cell line,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CELLS (BIOLOGY), AEROSPACE MEDICINE, CELL CULTURING, TISSUE...
The overall goal for the Johns Hopkins RTR Consortium is to advance translational research of the most clinically pertinent issues of Restorative Transplantation through a multidisciplinary collaboration among highly experienced and accomplished partners. The Consortium has thus assembled three complimentary, multidisciplinary research projects from Johns Hopkins, Massachusetts General Hospital and University of Pittsburgh. Each of the individual projects has made significant progress during...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Andrew Lee,W P, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore United States, bone marrow cells,...
The purpose of this study was to identify the most frequently used agents for induction and neuromuscular blockade for intubation, and to identify variables which affected these choices. Anesthetic records (n=77) were obtained to examine the frequency of use of induction agents and neuromuscular blockers. Anesthesia care providers completed a survey (n=19) which provided information on induction and neuromuscular relaxation agent preferences, factors influencing their choices, and estimated...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Anderson, Lorene R, AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH, *ANESTHETICS,...
Unlike every other form of heart disease, the prevalence and incidence of heart failure is still rising, and heart failure has become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States (US) (1). Furthermore, heart failure is commonly associated with sudden death at any stage of the condition (2-22). Heart failure is a burden on the health care system with an incidence of 10 per 1,000 persons over the age of 65 in the US (23, 24). The US is also in a nursing shortage. It is...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Hood,Maureen N, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences Bethesda United...
Skeletal muscle injuries, caused by intense exercise or trauma, are among the most common injuries in military personnel. Enhancement of muscle repair following injury would minimize time lost and maximize performance during training and combat. We and others have published data demonstrating that the extracellular protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is required for efficient muscle repair, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this progress report, we...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Koh, Timothy J, ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO, *ENZYME PRECURSORS, *SKELETAL MUSCLE...
The functional task test is a multi-disciplinary study investigating how space-flight induced changes to physiological systems impacts functional task performance. Impairment of neuromuscular function would be expected to negatively affect functional performance of crewmembers following exposure to microgravity. This presentation reports the results for muscle performance testing in crewmembers. Functional task performance will be presented in the abstract "Functional Task Test 1: sensory...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ASTRONAUT PERFORMANCE, LONG DURATION SPACE FLIGHT,...
Background: Known incompatibilities exist between resistance and aerobic training. Of particular importance are findings that concurrent resistance and aerobic training reduces the effectiveness of the resistance training and limits skeletal muscle adaptations (example: Dudley & Djamil, 1985). Numerous unloading studies have documented the effectiveness of resistance training alone for the maintenance of skeletal muscle size and strength. However the practical applications of those studies...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PHYSICAL EXERCISE, SKELETAL MUSCLE, MUSCULAR FUNCTION, BED...
Adam Wittek, Poul M.F. Nielsen, Karol Miller - Computational Biomechanics for Medicine
Topics: model, mesh, finite, brain, flow, deformation, mri, cfd, segmentation, element, finite element,...
The Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project (EDOMP) was established to address specific issues associated with optimizing the ability of crews to complete mission tasks deemed essential to entry, landing, and egress for spaceflights lasting up to 16 days. The main objectives of this functional performance evaluation were to investigate the physiological effects of long-duration spaceflight on skeletal muscle strength and endurance, as well as aerobic capacity and orthostatic function....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACE FLIGHT, COUNTERMEASURES, ASTRONAUTS, EXTRAVEHICULAR...
