A brief overview is presented of NASA's planned involvement in an interagency severe storms field measurement program.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOMETEOROLOGY, NASA PROGRAMS, STORMS, EXPERIMENTATION,...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ALBEDO, NEW MEXICO, EREP, METEOROLOGICAL...
The AVSSE II experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 1,200 GMT, May 6, and 1,200 GMT, May 7, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are briefly discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING, METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, SYNOPTIC...
The AVE IV Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 42 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 0000 GMT, April 24, and 1,200 GMT, April 25, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are briefly discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING, METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, SYNOPTIC...
For 36 hours during April 1975, an atmospheric variability experiment was conducted. This research effort supported an observational program in which rawinsonde data, radar data, and satellite data were collected from a network of 42 stations east of the Rocky Mountains at intervals of 3 hours. This program presents data with a high degree of time resolution over a spatially and temporally extensive network. Reduction of the experiment data is intended primarily as a documentation of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERICS, INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, DATA PROCESSING, GROUND...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, LAKE MICHIGAN, EREP, MULTISPECTRAL...
Rawinsonde data were tabulated at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 54 stations participating in the atmospheric variability experiment 2 Pilot Experiment which began at 12 Greenwich mean time on May 11 and ended at 12 Greenwich mean time on May 12, 1974. Soundings were made at 3 hour intervals. Methods of processing and data accuracy are discussed, and synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented. The area covered by the sounding stations is the eastern United States...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DATA PROCESSING, RAWINSONDES, SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY,...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, LAKE MICHIGAN, COMPUTER PROGRAMS,...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, EARTH ATMOSPHERE, DATA PROCESSING,...
An investigation was performed to determine which mathematical algorithms should be used in the calculation of atmospheric optical parameters using the Multispectral Resource Sampler (MRS) sensor. A simulation of the MRS sensor was performed using a radiative-transfer model. The simulation provides the spectral radiance at the satellite sensor in terms of various atmospheric parameters, such as optical thickness, solar zenith angle, nadir view angle, relative azimuth angle, bi-directional...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, OPTICAL THICKNESS, RADIATIVE TRANSFER, REMOTE...
The AVSSE 1 Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb are presented for the 24 stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken between 1,200 GMT, April 27, and 1,200 GMT, April 28, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are briefly discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGY, SOUNDING, STORMS (METEOROLOGY), SYNOPTIC...
An instrument for measuring peak wind speeds under severe environmental conditions is described, comprising an elongated cylinder housed in an outer casing. The cylinder contains a piston attached to a longitudinally movable guided rod having a pressure disk mounted on one projecting end. Wind pressure against the pressure disk depresses the movable rod. When the wind reaches its maximum speed, the rod is locked by a ball clutch mechanism in the position of maximum inward movement. Thereafter...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ANEMOMETERS, WIND MEASUREMENT, DISKS (SHAPES), WIND VELOCITY,...
Basic design values are presented of significant wind criteria, in graphical format, for use in the design and development of wind turbine generators for energy research. It is a condensed version of portions of the Engineering Handbook on the Atmospheric Environmental Guidelines for Use in Wind Turbine Generator Development.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENERGY CONVERSION, ENERGY POLICY, WINDPOWER UTILIZATION,...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, EARTH SURFACE, EREP, MATHEMATICAL...
A general expression for the co-moving derivative of a tensor is derived. A variable describing the coordinate velocity field is introduced. Time dependency of the metric elements is expressed in terms of this velocity field. The resulting description of motion is one of which the Eulerian and Lagrangian viewpoints are special cases. This general description is useful in problems involving moving boundaries or discontinuities.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MOTION, PARAMETERIZATION, TENSOR ANALYSIS, FLUID MECHANICS,...
This report describes the AVSSE II Experiment and presents tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken between 1200 GMT, May 6 and 1200 GMT, May 7, 1975. Brief discussions are given on the methods of data processing and accuracy. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOUNDING, STORMS (METEOROLOGY), SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY,...
A primitive-variable general circulation model of the ocean was formulated in which fast external gravity waves are suppressed with rigid-lid surface constraint pressires which also provide a means for simulating the effects of large-scale free-surface topography. The surface pressure method is simpler to apply than the conventional stream function models, and the resulting model can be applied to both global ocean and limited region situations. Strengths and weaknesses of the model are also...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OCEAN MODELS, WATER CIRCULATION, FLOW DISTRIBUTION, GRAVITY...
The basic rawinsonde data are described at each pressure contact from the surface to sounding termination for the 54 stations participating in the AVE 2 pilot experiment. Soundings were taken at three-hour intervals from stations within the United States east of about 105 degrees west longitude. Methods of data reduction and estimates of data accuracy are discussed. Examples of the data records produced are shown. The AVE 2 pilot experiment was conducted as part of NASA's program to better...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE, PRESSURE SENSORS, RAWINSONDES,...
Spectral reflectance characteristics of water pollutants and water bodies were compiled using the existing literature. Radiance calculations were performed at satellite altitude for selected illumination angles and atmospheric conditions. The work described in this report was limited to the reflective portion of the spectrum between 0.40 micrometer to 1.0 micrometer.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), REMOTE SENSORS, WATER POLLUTION, ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES,...
The applicability of recognition-processing procedures for multispectral scanner data from areas and conditions used for programming the recognition computers to other data from different areas viewed under different measurement conditions was studied. The reflective spectral region approximately 0.3 to 3.0 micrometers is considered. A potential application of such techniques is in conducting area surveys. Work in three general areas is reported: (1) Nature of sources of systematic variation in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, MULTISPECTRAL BAND SCANNERS, DATA...
The rewinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 5 experiment is described and tubulated data at 25 mb intervals are presented for the 23 National Weather Service stations and 20 special stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken at 3-hr intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on May 20, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on may 21, 1979 (nine sounding times). A tenth sounding was teken at many special stations between 2100 and 0000 GMT on May 20. The method of processing is discussed,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, RAWINSONDES,...
The AVE 4 Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 42 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 0000 GMT, April 24 and 1200 GMT, April 25, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, RAWINSONDES, SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY,...
The problem of radiometric variations in multispectral remote sensing data which occur as a result of a change in geometric and environmental factors is studied. The case of spatially varying atmospheres is considered and the effect of atmospheric scattering is analyzed for realistic conditions. Emphasis is placed upon a simulation of LANDSAT spectral data for agricultural investigations over the United States. The effect of the target-background interaction is thoroughly analyzed in terms of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION, ATMOSPHERIC SCATTERING,...
The AVSSE I Experiment and is described tabulated rawinsonde data is presented for 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25mb for the 24 stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken between 1200 GMT, April 27, and 1200 GMT, April 28, 1975. Brief discussions are given on the methods of data processing and accuracy. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BALLOON SOUNDING, STORMS (METEOROLOGY), SYNOPTIC MEASUREMENT,...
The AVE 7 Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb internals from the surface to 25 mb for the 24 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 0000GMT May 2 and 1200 GMT May 3, 1978. The methods of data processing and the accuracy are briefly discussed. Selected synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented as well as an example of contact data. A tabulation of adverse weather events that occured during the AVE 7 period,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, METEOROLOGY, SOUNDING, ATMOSPHERIC...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 4 experiment is descirbed and tabulated data at 25 mb for the 23 National Weather Service and 20 special stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 hr intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on May 9, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on May 10, 1979 (nine sounding times). The method of processing is discussed, estimates of the rms errors in the data are presented, and an example of contact data is given. Reasons are...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGICAL...
This report contains information on data collected, symptotic conditions, and severe and unusual weather reported during the Atmospheric Variability Experiment Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment (AVE-SESAME) 4 period. The information provides researchers a look at conditions during the period.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGICAL...
There are many factors which reduce the accuracy of classification of objects in the satellite remote sensing of Earth's surface. One important factor is the variability in the scattering and absorptive properties of the atmospheric components such as particulates and the variable gases. For multispectral remote sensing of the Earth's surface in the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum the atmospheric particulates are a major source of variability in the received signal. It is difficult...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM...
Three general areas of research were discussed: Global Weather, Upper Atmosphere, and Severe Storms and Local Weather. Research project summaries, in narrative outline form, stating objectives, significant accomplishments, and recommendations for future research are presented.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY, CONFERENCES, NASA PROGRAMS, OPTICAL...
Tabulated rawinsonde data at 25-mb intervals from surface to 25 mb is presented for the 54 stations participating in the Atmospheric Variability Experiment 11 pilot experiment which began at 12 GMT on May 11, 1974, and ended at 12 GMT on May 12, 1974. Soundings were made at 3 hour intervals. A brief discussion is included on methods of processing and data accuracy, and synoptic charts prepared from the the data are presented. The area covered by the sounding stations is the eastern United...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERICS, METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, RAWINSONDES, SYNOPTIC...
The ability to withstand extreme environmental conditions, such as the high flow velocities and extreme temperatures associated with the launch of aerospace vehicles, was considered in the developement of two maxometer models which are capable of measuring extremely high wind speeds (130 m/sec) and retaining a record of the peak speed over any given time period. The dynamic and static tests of these models are reported, along with pertinent results.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DYNAMIC TESTS, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, STATIC TESTS, VELOCITY...
The author has identified the following significant results. Specific test sites in the White Sands, New Mexico and Lake Michigan areas were chosen because of their stability and known reflectances. Skylab S192 multispectral data and ERIM aircraft multispectral data were collected for these sites and were compared with results of atmospheric radiative transfer calculations in order to determine the aerosol content of the atmosphere. The spectral shape of the Skylab data compared quite favorably...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ALBEDO, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, CLIMATOLOGY, LAKE...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 3 experiment is described and tabulated data at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 National Weather Service and 19 special stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 hr intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on April 25, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on April 26, 1979 (nine sounding times). The method of processing is discussed briefly, estimates of the rms errors in the data presented, an...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DATA PROCESSING, METEOROLOGY, RAWINSONDES, STORMS, DATA...
The Atmospheric Variability Experiment - Severe Environmental Storms and Mesascale Experiment 6 period is described. Data collected, synoptic conditions and severe and unusual weather are discussed.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, RADAR MAPS,...
Information on data collected, synoptic conditions, and severe and unusual weather reported during the period are presented. Records of the synoptic conditions include synoptic charts, radar charts, satellite photographs, and rainfall observations.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GOES SATELLITES, INFRARED IMAGERY, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS,...
The atmospheric variability experiment (AVE 3) is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 41 stations is presented. The experiment was conducted between February 6 and February 7, 1975. Brief discussions are given on methods of data processing, changes in the reduction scheme since the AVE 2 pilot experiment, and data accuracy. An example of contact data is presented as well as synoptic charts prepared from the data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COLD WEATHER, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, SOUNDING, SYNOPTIC...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 6 experiment is described and tabulated data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 National Weather Service and 15 special stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 h intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on June 7, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on June 8, 1979 (nine sounding times). The method of processing is discussed briefly, estimates of the rms errors in the data presented, an example of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, RAWINSONDES,...
Calculations to simulate the wind driven near surface currents of the North Atlantic Ocean are described. The primitive equations were integrated on a finite difference grid with a horizontal resolution of 2.5 deg in longitude and latitude. The model ocean was homogeneous with a uniform depth of 100 m and with five levels in the vertical direction. A form of the rigid-lid approximation was applied. Generally, the computed surface current patterns agreed with observed currents. The development...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MATHEMATICAL MODELS, SURFACE WATER, WATER CURRENTS, WIND...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, GREAT LAKES (NORTH AMERICA), NEW...
The NASA/MSFC FY-82 Atmospheric Processes Research Program was reviewed. The review covered research tasks in the areas of upper atmosphere, global weather, and severe storms and local weather. Also included was research on aviation safety environmental hazards. The research project summaries, in narrative outline form, supplied by the individual investigators together with the agenda and other information about the review are presented.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIR CURRENTS, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, STORMS...
Preliminary information on data collected, synoptic conditions, and severe and unusual weather reported during the AVE-SESAME 2 period is presented. The information provides researchers a preliminary look at conditions during the AVE-SESAME 2 period.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, MESOMETEOROLOGY, METEOROLOGICAL...
A summary of synoptic weather conditions existing over the western United States is given for the time of Shuttle descent into Edwards Air Force Base, California. The techniques and methods used to furnish synoptic atmospheric data at the surface and aloft for flight verification of the STS-4 Orbiter during its descent into Edwards Air Force Base are specified. Examples of the upper level data set are given.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 4 FLIGHT, SPACECRAFT LANDING,...
Selected atmospheric conditions observed near Space Shuttle STS-8 launch time on August 30, 1983, at Kennedy Space Center, Florida are summarized. Values of ambient pressure, temperature, moisture, ground winds, visual observations (cloud), and winds aloft are included. The sequence of prelaunch Jimsphere measured vertical wind profiles is given. Also presented are wind and thermodynamic parameters representative of surface and aloft conditions in the SRB descent/impact ocean area. Final...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGY, SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION 31-D, SPACECRAFT...
Guidelines on terrestrial environment data specifically applicable for NASA aerospace vehicles and associated equipment development are provided. The general distribution of natural environmental extremes in the conterminous United States that may be needed to specify design criteria in the transportation of space vehicle subsystems and components is considered. Atmospheric attenuation was included, since certain Earth orbital experiment missions are influenced by the Earth's atmosphere....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSPACE VEHICLES, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, CLIMATE, EXHAUST...
The basic rawinsonde data are described at each pressure contact from the surface to sounding termination for the 41 stations participating in the AVE III measurement program that began at 0000 GMT on February 6 and ended at 1200 GMT on February 7, 1975. Soundings were taken at 3-hour intervals during a large period of the experiment from most stations within the United States east of about 105 degrees west longitude. Methods of data processing, change in reduction scheme since the AVE II pilot...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS,...
A generalized mathematical model was developed for simulation of the dynamics and transport of both the atmosphere and seas. A nearly horizontal bottom coordinate surface conforms to the land-to-air interface and the sea-floor-to-water interface, which simplifies computations. General vertical motion of the other quasi-horizontal coordinate surfaces is allowed; external gravity waves can be represented by the top coordinate surface, and meteorological fronts and inversion layers in the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, OCEAN MODELS,...
Atmospheric research conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center in FY 1983 is discussed. Clear air turbulence, gusts, and fog dispersal near airports is discussed. The use of Doppler Lidar signals in discussed, as are low level flow conditions that are hazardous to aircraft.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT HAZARDS, AIRPORTS, GUSTS, METEOROLOGY, WIND SHEAR,...
Progressive gravity waves at the interface between two unbounded fluids are considered. The flow in each fluid is taken to be potential flow. The problem is converted into a set of integro-differential equations, reduced to a set of algebraic equations by discretization, and solved by Newton's method together with parameter variation. Meiron and Saffman's calculations showing the existence of overhanging waves are confirmed. However, the present calculations do not support Saffman and Yuen's...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Turner,R E L, WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON MATHEMATICS RESEARCH CENTER, *GRAVITY WAVES,...
General weather conditions, including synoptic maps, radar reports, satellite photographs, precipitation areas and amounts, and a summary of severe weather reports are presented. These data provide researchers a preliminary look at conditions during the AVE-SESAME 3 period.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, MESOMETEOROLOGY, METEOROLOGICAL...
Multispectral data recognition and information extraction problems considered are: (1) signature extension for improved recognition processing over large areas; (2) choice of density functions for recognition decision rules; (3) channel selection for cost reduction; and (4) radiation balance mapping for interpretation of wide spectrum scanner data. The formulation of a simulation model and reprocessing of both aircraft and space data reduces scan angle variations and extends signatures from one...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPUTER TECHNIQUES, DATA PROCESSING, MULTISPECTRAL BAND...
