The research in experimental and theoretical hydrodynamics in the las few decades has indicated that solitary waves play a special role in the evolution of general disturbances in fluids. Still, the investigation of solitary waves and, in particular, the use of variational principles associated with these waves is far from complete. While variational principles for surface waves in fluids of constant density have been discussed in the literature, the existence proofs given here appear to be the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Turner,R E L, WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON MATHEMATICS RESEARCH CENTER, *SURFACE WAVES,...
Progressive gravity waves at the interface between two unbounded fluids are considered. The flow in each fluid is taken to be potential flow. The problem is converted into a set of integro-differential equations, reduced to a set of algebraic equations by discretization, and solved by Newton's method together with parameter variation. Meiron and Saffman's calculations showing the existence of overhanging waves are confirmed. However, the present calculations do not support Saffman and Yuen's...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Turner,R E L, WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON MATHEMATICS RESEARCH CENTER, *GRAVITY WAVES,...
Multispectral data recognition and information extraction problems considered are: (1) signature extension for improved recognition processing over large areas; (2) choice of density functions for recognition decision rules; (3) channel selection for cost reduction; and (4) radiation balance mapping for interpretation of wide spectrum scanner data. The formulation of a simulation model and reprocessing of both aircraft and space data reduces scan angle variations and extends signatures from one...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPUTER TECHNIQUES, DATA PROCESSING, MULTISPECTRAL BAND...
An instrument for measuring peak wind speeds under severe environmental conditions is described, comprising an elongated cylinder housed in an outer casing. The cylinder contains a piston attached to a longitudinally movable guided rod having a pressure disk mounted on one projecting end. Wind pressure against the pressure disk depresses the movable rod. When the wind reaches its maximum speed, the rod is locked by a ball clutch mechanism in the position of maximum inward movement. Thereafter...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ANEMOMETERS, WIND MEASUREMENT, DISKS (SHAPES), WIND VELOCITY,...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, EARTH SURFACE, EREP, MATHEMATICAL...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ALBEDO, NEW MEXICO, EREP, METEOROLOGICAL...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, GREAT LAKES (NORTH AMERICA), NEW...
The applicability of recognition-processing procedures for multispectral scanner data from areas and conditions used for programming the recognition computers to other data from different areas viewed under different measurement conditions was studied. The reflective spectral region approximately 0.3 to 3.0 micrometers is considered. A potential application of such techniques is in conducting area surveys. Work in three general areas is reported: (1) Nature of sources of systematic variation in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, MULTISPECTRAL BAND SCANNERS, DATA...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, LAKE MICHIGAN, COMPUTER PROGRAMS,...
A general expression for the co-moving derivative of a tensor is derived. A variable describing the coordinate velocity field is introduced. Time dependency of the metric elements is expressed in terms of this velocity field. The resulting description of motion is one of which the Eulerian and Lagrangian viewpoints are special cases. This general description is useful in problems involving moving boundaries or discontinuities.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MOTION, PARAMETERIZATION, TENSOR ANALYSIS, FLUID MECHANICS,...
The problem of multiple radiation scattering in an atmosphere characterized by various amounts of aerosol absorption and different particle size distributions was investigated. The visible part of the spectrum was emphasized, including the effect of ozone absorption. An atmosphere bounded by a nonhomogenous, Lambertian surface was also studied, along with the effect of background radiation on target in terms of various atmopheric and geometric conditions. Results of the investigation indicate...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SCATTERING, MULTISPECTRAL BAND SCANNERS, PATTERN...
Tabulated rawinsonde data at 25-mb intervals from surface to 25 mb is presented for the 54 stations participating in the Atmospheric Variability Experiment 11 pilot experiment which began at 12 GMT on May 11, 1974, and ended at 12 GMT on May 12, 1974. Soundings were made at 3 hour intervals. A brief discussion is included on methods of processing and data accuracy, and synoptic charts prepared from the the data are presented. The area covered by the sounding stations is the eastern United...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERICS, METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, RAWINSONDES, SYNOPTIC...
A series of articles is presented on a passive, optical, cross beam system. The passive, optical, cross beam system was evaluated as a remote sensor of atmospheric conditions. The system employed the light scattered from natural aerosols to sense atmospheric mean and turbulent motion. A space-time correlation of the output of two optical sensors was used to evaluate the mean convective wind speed. In approximately 20% of the tests, signal-to-noise levels were sufficient to allow estimation of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS, BEAMS (RADIATION), LIGHT...
The ability to withstand extreme environmental conditions, such as the high flow velocities and extreme temperatures associated with the launch of aerospace vehicles, was considered in the developement of two maxometer models which are capable of measuring extremely high wind speeds (130 m/sec) and retaining a record of the peak speed over any given time period. The dynamic and static tests of these models are reported, along with pertinent results.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DYNAMIC TESTS, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, STATIC TESTS, VELOCITY...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, LAKE MICHIGAN, EREP, MULTISPECTRAL...
The basic rawinsonde data are described at each pressure contact from the surface to sounding termination for the 54 stations participating in the AVE 2 pilot experiment. Soundings were taken at three-hour intervals from stations within the United States east of about 105 degrees west longitude. Methods of data reduction and estimates of data accuracy are discussed. Examples of the data records produced are shown. The AVE 2 pilot experiment was conducted as part of NASA's program to better...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE, PRESSURE SENSORS, RAWINSONDES,...
Rawinsonde data were tabulated at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 54 stations participating in the atmospheric variability experiment 2 Pilot Experiment which began at 12 Greenwich mean time on May 11 and ended at 12 Greenwich mean time on May 12, 1974. Soundings were made at 3 hour intervals. Methods of processing and data accuracy are discussed, and synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented. The area covered by the sounding stations is the eastern United States...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DATA PROCESSING, RAWINSONDES, SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY,...
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH ALBEDO, EARTH ATMOSPHERE, DATA PROCESSING,...
The atmospheric variability experiment (AVE 3) is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 41 stations is presented. The experiment was conducted between February 6 and February 7, 1975. Brief discussions are given on methods of data processing, changes in the reduction scheme since the AVE 2 pilot experiment, and data accuracy. An example of contact data is presented as well as synoptic charts prepared from the data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COLD WEATHER, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, SOUNDING, SYNOPTIC...
The problem of radiometric variations in multispectral remote sensing data which occur as a result of a change in geometric and environmental factors is studied. The case of spatially varying atmospheres is considered and the effect of atmospheric scattering is analyzed for realistic conditions. Emphasis is placed upon a simulation of LANDSAT spectral data for agricultural investigations over the United States. The effect of the target-background interaction is thoroughly analyzed in terms of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION, ATMOSPHERIC SCATTERING,...
A generalized mathematical model was developed for simulation of the dynamics and transport of both the atmosphere and seas. A nearly horizontal bottom coordinate surface conforms to the land-to-air interface and the sea-floor-to-water interface, which simplifies computations. General vertical motion of the other quasi-horizontal coordinate surfaces is allowed; external gravity waves can be represented by the top coordinate surface, and meteorological fronts and inversion layers in the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, OCEAN MODELS,...
The AVE 4 Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 42 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 0000 GMT, April 24 and 1200 GMT, April 25, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, RAWINSONDES, SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY,...
This report describes the AVSSE II Experiment and presents tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken between 1200 GMT, May 6 and 1200 GMT, May 7, 1975. Brief discussions are given on the methods of data processing and accuracy. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOUNDING, STORMS (METEOROLOGY), SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY,...
The AVSSE I Experiment and is described tabulated rawinsonde data is presented for 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25mb for the 24 stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken between 1200 GMT, April 27, and 1200 GMT, April 28, 1975. Brief discussions are given on the methods of data processing and accuracy. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BALLOON SOUNDING, STORMS (METEOROLOGY), SYNOPTIC MEASUREMENT,...
The basic rawinsonde data are described at each pressure contact from the surface to sounding termination for the 41 stations participating in the AVE III measurement program that began at 0000 GMT on February 6 and ended at 1200 GMT on February 7, 1975. Soundings were taken at 3-hour intervals during a large period of the experiment from most stations within the United States east of about 105 degrees west longitude. Methods of data processing, change in reduction scheme since the AVE II pilot...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS,...
The AVE IV Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 42 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 0000 GMT, April 24, and 1,200 GMT, April 25, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are briefly discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING, METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, SYNOPTIC...
The AVSSE II experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 1,200 GMT, May 6, and 1,200 GMT, May 7, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are briefly discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING, METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, SYNOPTIC...
The AVSSE 1 Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb are presented for the 24 stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken between 1,200 GMT, April 27, and 1,200 GMT, April 28, 1975. The methods of data processing and accuracy are briefly discussed. Synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented, as well as an example of contact data.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGY, SOUNDING, STORMS (METEOROLOGY), SYNOPTIC...
Spectral reflectance characteristics of water pollutants and water bodies were compiled using the existing literature. Radiance calculations were performed at satellite altitude for selected illumination angles and atmospheric conditions. The work described in this report was limited to the reflective portion of the spectrum between 0.40 micrometer to 1.0 micrometer.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), REMOTE SENSORS, WATER POLLUTION, ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES,...
Calculations to simulate the wind driven near surface currents of the North Atlantic Ocean are described. The primitive equations were integrated on a finite difference grid with a horizontal resolution of 2.5 deg in longitude and latitude. The model ocean was homogeneous with a uniform depth of 100 m and with five levels in the vertical direction. A form of the rigid-lid approximation was applied. Generally, the computed surface current patterns agreed with observed currents. The development...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MATHEMATICAL MODELS, SURFACE WATER, WATER CURRENTS, WIND...
The author has identified the following significant results. Specific test sites in the White Sands, New Mexico and Lake Michigan areas were chosen because of their stability and known reflectances. Skylab S192 multispectral data and ERIM aircraft multispectral data were collected for these sites and were compared with results of atmospheric radiative transfer calculations in order to determine the aerosol content of the atmosphere. The spectral shape of the Skylab data compared quite favorably...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ALBEDO, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, CLIMATOLOGY, LAKE...
A primitive-variable general circulation model of the ocean was formulated in which fast external gravity waves are suppressed with rigid-lid surface constraint pressires which also provide a means for simulating the effects of large-scale free-surface topography. The surface pressure method is simpler to apply than the conventional stream function models, and the resulting model can be applied to both global ocean and limited region situations. Strengths and weaknesses of the model are also...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OCEAN MODELS, WATER CIRCULATION, FLOW DISTRIBUTION, GRAVITY...
For 36 hours during April 1975, an atmospheric variability experiment was conducted. This research effort supported an observational program in which rawinsonde data, radar data, and satellite data were collected from a network of 42 stations east of the Rocky Mountains at intervals of 3 hours. This program presents data with a high degree of time resolution over a spatially and temporally extensive network. Reduction of the experiment data is intended primarily as a documentation of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERICS, INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, DATA PROCESSING, GROUND...
The AVE 7 Experiment is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25 mb internals from the surface to 25 mb for the 24 stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken between 0000GMT May 2 and 1200 GMT May 3, 1978. The methods of data processing and the accuracy are briefly discussed. Selected synoptic charts prepared from the data are presented as well as an example of contact data. A tabulation of adverse weather events that occured during the AVE 7 period,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS, METEOROLOGY, SOUNDING, ATMOSPHERIC...
The author has identified the following significant results. The effects of earth's atmosphere were accounted for, and a simple algorithm, based upon a radiative transfer model, was developed to determine the radiance at earth's surface free of atmospheric effects. Acutal multispectral remote sensor data for Lake Erie and associated optical thickness data were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the atmospheric transformation algorithm. The basic transformation was general in nature and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ALGORITHMS, EARTH ATMOSPHERE, EARTH SURFACE, GREAT LAKES...
Basic design values are presented of significant wind criteria, in graphical format, for use in the design and development of wind turbine generators for energy research. It is a condensed version of portions of the Engineering Handbook on the Atmospheric Environmental Guidelines for Use in Wind Turbine Generator Development.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENERGY CONVERSION, ENERGY POLICY, WINDPOWER UTILIZATION,...
A brief overview is presented of NASA's planned involvement in an interagency severe storms field measurement program.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOMETEOROLOGY, NASA PROGRAMS, STORMS, EXPERIMENTATION,...
Seven atmospheric variability experiments (AVE), two atmospheric variability and severe storms experiments (AVSSE), and six atmospheric variability experiment-severe environmental storm and mesoscale experiments (AVE-SESAME) conducted by NASA are discussed. The dates, observation times, and data reports for each of the experiments for which data was processed are listed. The AVE experiments were conducted primarily to study atmospheric variability with emphasis on spatial and temporal in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, SOUNDING,...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME II experiment is described. Data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 National Weather Service and 19 special stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 hr intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on April 19, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on April 20, 1979 (nine sounding times). The method of processing is discussed briefly, estimates of the rms errors in the data presented, an example of contact...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, RAWINSONDES, SOUNDING, STORMS...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 3 experiment is described and tabulated data at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 National Weather Service and 19 special stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 hr intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on April 25, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on April 26, 1979 (nine sounding times). The method of processing is discussed briefly, estimates of the rms errors in the data presented, an...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DATA PROCESSING, METEOROLOGY, RAWINSONDES, STORMS, DATA...
Preliminary information on data collected, synoptic conditions, and severe and unusual weather reported during the AVE-SESAME 2 period is presented. The information provides researchers a preliminary look at conditions during the AVE-SESAME 2 period.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, MESOMETEOROLOGY, METEOROLOGICAL...
Three general areas of research were discussed: Global Weather, Upper Atmosphere, and Severe Storms and Local Weather. Research project summaries, in narrative outline form, stating objectives, significant accomplishments, and recommendations for future research are presented.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY, CONFERENCES, NASA PROGRAMS, OPTICAL...
General weather conditions, including synoptic maps, radar reports, satellite photographs, precipitation areas and amounts, and a summary of severe weather reports are presented. These data provide researchers a preliminary look at conditions during the AVE-SESAME 3 period.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, MESOMETEOROLOGY, METEOROLOGICAL...
This report contains information on data collected, symptotic conditions, and severe and unusual weather reported during the Atmospheric Variability Experiment Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment (AVE-SESAME) 4 period. The information provides researchers a look at conditions during the period.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGICAL...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 4 experiment is descirbed and tabulated data at 25 mb for the 23 National Weather Service and 20 special stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 hr intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on May 9, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on May 10, 1979 (nine sounding times). The method of processing is discussed, estimates of the rms errors in the data are presented, and an example of contact data is given. Reasons are...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, METEOROLOGICAL...
The Atmospheric Variability Experiment - Severe Environmental Storms and Mesascale Experiment 6 period is described. Data collected, synoptic conditions and severe and unusual weather are discussed.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, RADAR MAPS,...
The rawinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 6 experiment is described and tabulated data at 25 mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 23 National Weather Service and 15 special stations participating in the experiment are presented. Soundings were taken at 3 h intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on June 7, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on June 8, 1979 (nine sounding times). The method of processing is discussed briefly, estimates of the rms errors in the data presented, an example of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, RAWINSONDES,...
The rewinsonde sounding program for the AVE-SESAME 5 experiment is described and tubulated data at 25 mb intervals are presented for the 23 National Weather Service stations and 20 special stations participating in the experiment. Soundings were taken at 3-hr intervals beginning at 1200 GMT on May 20, 1979, and ending at 1200 GMT on may 21, 1979 (nine sounding times). A tenth sounding was teken at many special stations between 2100 and 0000 GMT on May 20. The method of processing is discussed,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, RAWINSONDES,...
Information on data collected, synoptic conditions, and severe and unusual weather reported during the period are presented. Records of the synoptic conditions include synoptic charts, radar charts, satellite photographs, and rainfall observations.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GOES SATELLITES, INFRARED IMAGERY, METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS,...
An investigation was performed to determine which mathematical algorithms should be used in the calculation of atmospheric optical parameters using the Multispectral Resource Sampler (MRS) sensor. A simulation of the MRS sensor was performed using a radiative-transfer model. The simulation provides the spectral radiance at the satellite sensor in terms of various atmospheric parameters, such as optical thickness, solar zenith angle, nadir view angle, relative azimuth angle, bi-directional...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, OPTICAL THICKNESS, RADIATIVE TRANSFER, REMOTE...
