Diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in the thermodynamic balance of the ocean, and consequently, in oceanic heat and carbon uptake and storage. Though observed mixing rates are on average consistent with values required by inverse models, recent attention has focused on the dramatic spatial variability, spanning several orders of magnitude, of mixing rates in both the upper and deep ocean. Climate models have been shown to be very sensitive not only to the overall level but to the detailed...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0a60ecab79e245bea8290ba39b4997f0,...
During this internship the opportunity was granted to work with the Integrated, Graphics, Operations and Analysis Laboratory (IGOAL) team. The main assignment was to create 12 achievement patches for the Space Station training simulator called the \"NASA ISS Stowage Training Game.\" This project was built using previous IGOAL developed software. To accomplish this task, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator were used to craft the badges and other elements required. Blender, a 3D...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Crawford, Gary, Universities Space Research Association
As interest in long duration effects of space habitation increases, understanding the behavior of model organisms living within the habitats engineered to fly them is vital for designing, validating, and interpreting future spaceflight studies. Only a handful of papers have previously reported behavior of mice and rats in the weightless environment of space (Andreev-Andrievskiy, et al., 2013; Cancedda et al., 2012; Ronca et al., 2008). The Rodent Research Hardware and Operations Validation...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 084aceb7bcbe4f76898b605549c7fe85,...
Exploring the effects of size and geometry of normal metal features on the transition shapes and performance of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The spectral resolution of transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters is very sensitive to the specific dependencies of the resistance R in the superconducting transition on the current I, magnetic field B, and temperature T. In particular, it has been shown that transitions that are very steep in (R,T) space lead to a significant noise...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2a5d334d15a4470d9a143883dc30b3d2,...
Cold plasma (CP) cleaning is a dry, non-thermal process, which can provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity yet reportedly causes little to no damage to the object being sanitized. Since cold plasma uses no liquids, it has the distinct advantage when used in microgravity of not having to separate liquids from the item being cleaned. This paper will present results on an effort to use low pressure CP to disinfect or sterilize materials for in space applications. Exposure times from 0 to 60...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 7eea8c0090474016a41a9f9deed120e5,...
Microwave-based plasma pyrolysis technology is being studied as a means of supporting oxygen recovery in future spacecraft life support systems. The process involves the conversion of methane produced from a Sabatier reactor to acetylene and hydrogen, with a small amount of solid carbon particulates generated as a side product. The particles must be filtered before the acetylene is removed and the hydrogen-rich gas stream is recycled back to the CRA. We discuss developmental work on porous...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 17970cc8cc34498999e19b2a31906082,...
Spectra or similar Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric is the likely choice for future structural space suit restraint materials due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, abrasion resistance, and dimensional stability. During long duration space missions, space suits will be subjected to significant amounts of high-energy radiation from several different sources. To insure that pressure garment designs properly account for effects of radiation, it is important to...
Topics: Hussain, Sarosh, Jacobs Technology, Inc., NASA Johnson Space Center, Peters, Benjamin, Universities...
The air quality control equipment aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and future deep space exploration vehicles provide the vital function of maintaining a clean cabin environment for the crew and the hardware. This becomes a serious challenge in pressurized space compartments since no outside air ventilation is possible, and a larger particulate load is imposed on the filtration system due to lack of sedimentation. The ISS Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 66a099e0858946f2ab626560f05200b4,...
Normal gravity flame blowoff limits in an axisymmetric pmma rod geometry in upward axial stagnation flow are compared with microgravity Burning and Suppression of Solids II (BASS-II) results recently obtained aboard the International Space Station. This testing utilized the same BASS-II concurrent rod geometry, but with the addition of normal gravity buoyant flow. Cast polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) rods of diameters ranging from 0.635 cm to 3.81 cm were burned at oxygen concentrations ranging...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Cleveland, OH, United States,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3f022a731620468bb3b6b49740dfea9d,...
Motivated by the substantial sensitivity of eddies in two-layer quasigeostrophic (QG) turbulence models to the strength of bottom drag, this study explores the sensitivity of eddies in more realistic ocean general circulation model (OGCM) simulations to bottom drag strength. The OGCM results are interpreted using previous results from horizontally homogeneous, two-layer, flat-bottom, f-plane, doubly periodic QG turbulence simulations and new results from two-layer beta-plane QG turbulence...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 22df6bcc4fe04e40a3073950ce8d9483,...
The GMAO seasonal forecast is produced from coupled model integrations that are initialized every five days, with seven additional ensemble members generated by coupled model breeding and initialized on the date closest to the beginning of the month. The main components of the AOGCM are the GEOS-5 atmospheric model, the MOM4 ocean model, and CICE sea ice model. Forecast fields were re-gridded to the passive microwave grid for averaging.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 048a77b8dca64b49a1e3d4e6969b150c,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Alabama Univ., d86728f950f648dbaa26efa6edd1cc2a, Huntsville,...
Development of high resolution focusing telescopes has led to a tremendous leap in sensitivity, revolutionizing observational X-ray astronomy. High sensitivity and high spatial resolution X-ray observations have been possible due to use of grazing incidence optics (paraboloid/hyperboloid) coupled with high spatial resolution and high efficiency detectors/imagers. The best X-ray telescope flown so far is mounted onboard Chandra observatory launched on July 23,1999. The telescope has a spatial...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Sharma, Dharma P., Universities Space Research Association
GEOS-5 is the Goddard Earth Observing System model. GEOS-5 is maintained by the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office. Core development is within GMAO,Goddard Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, and with external partners. Primary GEOS-5 functions: Earth system model for studying climate variability and change, provide research quality reanalyses for supporting NASA instrument teams and scientific community, provide near-real time forecasts of meteorology,aerosols, and other...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 013b3603910c4bea92fb5146ec753f0f,...
Efforts in all-sky satellite data assimilation at the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center have been focused on the development of GSI configurations to assimilate all-sky data from microwave imagers such as the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and Global Change Observation Mission-Water (GCOM-W) Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR-2). Electromagnetic characteristics associated with their wavelengths allow microwave imager data to be relatively...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 1f67d33af3b141f192ddfabf23e262a2,...
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) is the latest atmospheric reanalysis of the modern satellite era produced by NASAs Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRA-2 assimilates observation types not available to its predecessor, MERRA, and includes updates to the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model and analysis scheme so as to provide a viable ongoing climate analysis beyond MERRAs terminus. While addressing known...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 03e13843101349b29f3f6dbdecdbbabe,...
The NASA Unified-Weather Research and Forecasting model (NU-WRF) will be included for testing and evaluation in the forecast demonstration project (FDP) of the International Collaborative Experiment −PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic (ICE-POP) Winter Games. An international array of radar and supporting ground based observations together with various forecast and now-cast models will be operational during ICE-POP. In conjunction with personnel from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2c59278f0c514fecbcec580e71a6f376,...
This paper documents a study that drove the development of a mathematical expression in the minimum operational performance standards (MOPS) of detect-and-avoid (DAA) systems for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). This equation describes the conditions under which vertical maneuver guidance could be provided during recovery of well clear separation with a non-cooperative VFR aircraft in addition to horizontal maneuver guidance. Although suppressing vertical maneuver guidance in these situations...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 48b79ae5f45042fbab93b3073601c3d6,...
Graph theory is used to investigate three different problems arising in air traffic management. First, using a polynomial reduction from a graph partitioning problem, it is shown that both the airspace sectorization problem and its incremental counterpart, the sector combination problem are NP-hard, in general, under several simple workload models. Second, using a polynomial time reduction from maximum independent set in graphs, it is shown that for any fixed e, the problem of finding a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 22d4bfb04c374651b11881f050ecbbee,...
The effect of stationary, finite-amplitude, linear and nonlinear optimal perturbations on the modal disturbance growth in a Mach 6 axisymmetric flow over a 7 deg. half-angle cone with 0:126 mm nose radius and 0:305 m length is investigated. The freestream parameters (M = 6, Re(exp 1) = 18 x 10(exp. 6) /m) are selected to match the flow conditions of a previous experiment in the VKI H3 hypersonic tunnel. Plane-marching parabolized stability equations are used in conjunction with a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 77cce0e2798a4209885b43ac4e3cc772,...
The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) suffers from severe health-endangering episodes of PM2.5 aerosol loadings in wintertime; episodes last approximately 5 days and differ in geographical distribution and composition. PM2.5 stations are scattered; consequently the use of remote sensing to map variable regional patterns of these varying respirable aerosol concentrations is desirable. High-precision AOT retrievals can capture column particulate loading. However,PM2.5 mapping is challenging due to several...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 715399f968e4454194d0557b77c22870,...
This paper documents a study that drove the development of a mathematical expression in the detect-and-avoid (DAA) minimum operational performance standards (MOPS) for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). This equation describes the conditions under which vertical maneuver guidance should be provided during recovery of DAA well clear separation with a non-cooperative VFR aircraft. Although the original hypothesis was that vertical maneuvers for DAA well clear recovery should only be offered when...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 5aa9eb1ba25d4e42a326bf99b9e56975,...
The paper describes the Generic Resolution Advisor and Conflict Evaluator (GRACE), a novel alerting and guidance algorithm that combines flexibility, robustness, and computational efficiency. GRACE is \"generic\" in that it makes no assumptions regarding temporal or spatial scales, aircraft performance, or its sensor and communication systems. Accordingly, GRACE is well suited to research applications where alerting and guidance is a central feature and requirements are fluid...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), a5c68fdf46564db48ed03d3ff2b6e9be,...
Methods for relating or mapping estimates of volumetric Bone Mineral Density (vBMD) obtained by Quantitative Computed Tomography to Bone Volume Fraction (BVF) are outlined mathematically. The methods are based on definitions of bone properties, cited experimental studies and regression relations derived from them for trabecular bone in the proximal femur. Using an experimental range of values in the intertrochanteric region obtained from male and female human subjects, age 18 to 49, the BVF...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 5d65cd2fb7b346a28d8b5b7e3b18fec2, Cleveland, OH United...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 179238cba7744c74a26017815530143f,...
Coronal jets are frequent transient features on the Sun, observed in EUV and X-ray emissions. They occur in active regions, quiet Sun and coronal holes, and appear as a bright spire with base brightenings. Recent studies show that many coronal jets are driven by the eruption of a minifilament. Here we investigate the magnetic cause of jet-driving minifilament eruptions. We study ten randomly-found on-disk quiet-region coronal jets using SDO/AIA intensity images and SDO/HMI magnetograms. For all...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 12071ed0c9144aa9981108f181929688, Alabama Univ.,...
The 2015-2016 El Nino is analyzed using atmospheric/oceanic analysis produced using the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation systems. As well as describing the structure of the event, a theme of the work is to compare and contrast it with two other strong El Ninos, in 1982/1983 and 1997/1998. These three El Nino events are included in the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and in the more recent MERRA-2 reanalyses. MERRA-2 allows a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3a998ebd598449a4a5e46ee4866a9167,...
The international team is promoting the CLASP2 (Chromospheric LAyer Spectro-Polarimeter 2) sounding rocket experiment, which is the re-flight of CLASP (2015). In this second flight, we will refit the existing CLASP instrument to measure all Stokes parameters in Mg II h k lines, and aim at inferring the magnetic field information in the upper chromosphere combining the Hanle and Zeeman effects. CLASP2 project was approved by NASA in December 2016, and is now scheduled to fly in 2019.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 08257b52e69a487084dddb5aad9cded6,...
The terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere interact through a series of feedback loops. Variability in terrestrial vegetation growth and phenology can modulate fluxes of water and energy to the atmosphere, and thus affect the climatic conditions that in turn regulate vegetation dynamics. Here we analyze satellite observations of solar-induced fluorescence, precipitation, and radiation using a multivariate statistical technique. We find that biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks are globally widespread...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 049aeef4fbff4d6eb0138894472a0ef4,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2b7d30bbcc0344a3825fe654a8d06fe5,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 280a8ce4e193413f9ba218327cbd59eb, Huntsville, AL, United...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 1d79200a28ca41e9add2c0f8295ea827,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3a497c3a051f4f90bf7bc79c6667f647,...
Applications of OSSEs:1. Estimate effects of proposed instruments (and their competing designs)on analysis skill by exploiting simulated environment, and 2. Evaluate present and proposed techniques for data assimilation by exploiting known truth.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2c0fa90ec6044c318ff098d6448386cb, Baltimore, MD, United...
This presentation presents an overview of the aerosol data assimilation work performed at GMAO. The GMAO Forward Processing system and the biomass burning emissions from QFED are first presented. Then, the current assimilation of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), performed by means of the analysis splitting method is briefly described, followed by some results on the quality control of observations using a Neural Network trained using AERONET AOD. Some applications are shown such as the Mount...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Buchard, Virginie, d409655edbf04e11a10c84c114803e0c, da...
GMAO has developed a highly sophisticated adjoint modeling system based on the most recent version of the finite volume cubed sphere (FV3) dynamical core. This provides a mechanism for investigating sensitivity to initial conditions and examining observation impacts. It also allows for the computation of singular vectors and for the implementation of hybrid 4DVAR. In this work we will present the scientific assessment of the new adjoint system and show results from a number of research...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 1ef19bbd5dae4303b260d3484ee56bc4,...
In the GEOS near real-time system, as well as in MERRA-2 which is the latest reanalysis produced at NASAs Global Modeling and Assimilation Office(GMAO), the assimilation of aerosol observations is performed by means of a so-called analysis splitting method. In line with the transition of the GEOS meteorological data assimilation system to a hybrid Ensemble-Variational formulation, we are updating the aerosol component of our assimilation system to an ensemble square root filter(EnSRF; Whitaker...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0d191121d754434daa67e3036a8eef15,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 66e5423b480948bb906d61937108e293, Biswas, Sayak, Huntsville,...
Historically, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has operated a Solar Wind Facility (SWF) to provide long term particle and photon exposure to material samples. The requirements on the particle beam details were not stringent as the cumulative fluence level is the test goal. Motivated by development of the faraday cup instrument on the NASA Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission, the MSFC SWF has been upgraded to included high fidelity particle beams providing broadbeam ions, broadbeam...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 32a389391a474080a732dcfc7f64f6da,...
Harnessing the power of the solar wind, an Electric Sail, or E-sail, is a relatively new concept that promises to deliver high speed propellant-less propulsion. The electric sail is an invention made in 2006 at the Kumpula Space Centre in Finland by Pekka Janhunen [Janhunen and Sandroos, 2007]. At its core, an electric sail utilizes multiple positively biased tethers which exchange momentum with solar wind protons via the repelling electric field established around each tether, in other words,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0ea15f7cd3f348c38a9e79f80ef4d011,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 5a949ecedfc047e8b05297a8aacd3e1a,...
In this talk we summarize the GEOS-5 capabilities to be deployed during the ORACLES 2016 Campaign. We describe model configuration, data products and web services available. We also discuss the measurement and flight requirements for the GEOS-5 Team.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 10e942ea3e73405db8bdfd91b463894f, da Silva, Arlindo,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Peterson, Joshua, Universities Space Research Association
AMPR is an airborne instrument that flew aboard the NASA ER-2 during the OLYMPEX/RADEX field campaign in late 2015. This poster's goal is to explore how well the instrument can retrieve near-surface wind speed over the ocean.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Biswas, Sayak, cb1d11b6ed36499eab597a1fce457125, Huntsville,...
The Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign was an international cooperative field study based out of Osan Air Base, Songtan, South Korea (about 60 kilometers south of Seoul) in April-June 2016. A comprehensive suite of instruments capable of measuring atmospheric composition was deployed around the Korean peninsula on aircrafts, ships, and at ground sites in order to characterize local and transboundary pollution. The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5) forecast...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0a4d55ec406744e297e8b5cd843958a7, Castellanos, Patricia, Da...
The Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite has completed 16 years of Earth observations in early 2017. What started as a technology mission to test various new advancements turned into a science and application mission that extended many years beyond the satellites planned life expectancy. EO-1s primary instruments are spectral imagers: Hyperion, the only civilian full spectrum spectrometer (430-2400 nm) in orbit; and the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), the prototype for Landsat-8s pushbroom imaging...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 1371d4231a9242379e01db774ea830f1,...
This study investigates some of the benefits and drawbacks of assimilating Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) into a land surface model over India. GRACE observes TWS depletion associated with anthropogenic groundwater extraction in northwest India. The model, however, does not represent anthropogenic groundwater withdrawals and is not skillful in reproducing the interannual variability of groundwater. Assimilation of GRACE TWS...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 11ae9af1db754bc796076ca18b0f45ef,...
Moving materials beyond Earth, whether spacecraft, living organisms, or both, is limited by mass constraints. Yet human survival requires an extensive infrastructure, from environmental regulation to life support. In practice this means habitats, food, oxygen, waste recycling, medicine and so on. Thus, there is a mismatch between what will be required in transit and at destination to fulfill dreams of human settlements and what can realistically moved there. Further, settlement off planet with...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 007857085ed0478f906324def3aafcb8,...
Just as on the land or in the ocean, atmospheric regions may be more or less hospitable to life. The aerobiosphere, or collection of living things in Earth's atmosphere, is poorly understood due to the small number and ad hoc nature of samples studied. However, we know viable airborne microbes play important roles, such as providing cloud condensation nuclei. Knowing the distribution of such microorganisms and how their activity can alter water, carbon, and other geochemical cycles is key to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3e41cb550ea4496d94ae5331cb9418e0,...
