The extension entomologist

Historic, Archive Document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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Vou. 5 March 1941 No. 1

% ~=MAY 15 1946

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EXTENSION

ENTOMOLOGIST

In 1921 the Committee on Organization and Policy of the Land Grant
College Association gave the following definition of the job of the sub-
ject-matter specialist:

"A fundamental principle underlying extension work is that
the agricultural college and experiment station and the United
States Department of Agriculture have something to extend. If
this principle is correct it then makes necessary the employment
of subject-matter specialists who shall represent the subject-
matter departments of our colleges and stations and the United
States Department of Agriculture, and who shall assist the county
agents in organizing and forwarding their subject-matter programs.
These specialists are absolutely necessary to the greatest success
of county agent work, and to all cooperative extension work. We
recommend that in reports of accomplishments the work done. by spe-
cialists shall be recognized and their place in the organization
shall be clearly shown."

Any changes. made during the past 20 years have SAC minimized the
need for subject-matter specialists; in fact they have further justified
the need for well-trained specialists with a broad view of agriculture.
In the past few years we. have heard much of planning, coordination, and
integration, terms which are not new to the extension entomologists, be-
cause the field of entomology is so broad it touches upon the whole field
of agriculture. We should, however, give consideration to the newer
phases of planning as referred to in Mr. Gilbertson's article in this
issue. It is our duty as entomologists to see that insect control is
recognized by the people taking the lead in land use planning.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE AND
EXTENSION SERVICE, COOPERATING

CONTENTS

Page
ETIOUNCTOMEN WS sya ce ihn 5 wees ay eae vale he ko SUS agS ott Mal paige oe 3
Pacific Slope Branch, American Association of
HOONOmMLe BNPOMOLOSISTS <n ce a heeds me pees We oben cei ef 3
Summer meeting, American Association of
Economic Entomologists..........%. Pe a Sr BOR a oe 3
Rocky Mountain Conference of Entomologists........++.. we 3
Section of Extension, A.A.A.E. Meeting............. ee 3
Report - Section of Extension, A.A.E.E............ fe Roee 4
Planning for extension work in entomology........... reg oes 6
Entomology and land use planning......... eciuias Gear tee antes Sere sare f,
ROMER VECO LOS. y wee ctcee saeco sets co ae eet eek Te we tre te Tete stn adalees 10
Stored-corn insects and the ever-normal granary......:+. 10
HITOLIa WOEVLL DEO jeECt COTMINAbGGe s.sc's cece e as ogee ns oy : 10
October flights of grasshoppers......... Tr obec Ge: 10
Sscrewworm—control program in’Texas:..2).).. 603 ee ee es 10
Immunity tests for salt-marsh-mosquito bites....... oh. (et
BUUSEL LAGS eCOVry MAB tT UL s co Wee's wielG ele). WM) ceeconety elalicton. Miers ai
ELAUD INS OTMEL LLCS ee 54 skeet we ee Ballers. EPS ae. eae sat
Amount of blood engorged by horn flies......... erases 5 le
Effectiveness of cryolite and cube sprays against a
PEGOUROGU. TCA TDOOELOT Mire rises wie's vie iliMlc she's @tate sullen - 12
Dusts made from nuts of California buckeye toxic
to Mexican bean bestlesc..ss- «10 ote. Cees .. aes
Tests with California buckeye flour against ants........ 13
A new distribution record for a pest of apple........... 14
White-fringed-beetle quarantine restrictions modified.. La
Toxicity and repellency of paris green affected
MY PALVACLO* S126. eset ee een te Bt SERIE ORE oi a 14
Ladybugs in cold storage... seccse eee seen ISERS 3. cae 15
US ECy CONVIDL MOLS VLERAT ROW at es ole ctl er ete «eye aa alan : 15
ReAbnal Meetings of Ent omologists. Se ue ES GW Rn eldles e.4 16
Publications... Sig a bs ie ea bac ge ane eo wee o Wee aires aceeene sere se 26

2808-41

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Washington, DeaC:
THER EXTENSION BNTOMOLOGIST

Issued by the Extension Service and the Bureau of Hntomology
and Plant Quarantine cooperating with other Federal and State
agencies in the furtherance of extension work in entomology.

M. P, Jones
Senior Extension Entomologist

ANNOUNCEMENTS —

June 23-27, 1941. Summer Meeting, American Association of Economic

Entomologists, Durham, N. H.

July 18-20, 1941. Pacific Slope Branch, American Association of tco-
_ nomic Entomologists, California Institute of Technology,

Pasadena.

August 19-22, 1941. Rocky Mountain Conference of Entomologists.

The Section of Extension A.A.E.E., elected Sam C. McCampbell,
Fort Collins, Colo., chairman, and G. F. MacLeod, Berkeley, Calif.,
secretary.

The 1941 meetings are to be held in San Francisco, Calif. Any-
one having suggestions on the program for this Section should correspond
with either officer at an early date, because the program usually is
made up a few months in advance.

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REPORT — SECTION OF EXTENSION
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SCONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS

Philadelphia, Pa., December 28, 1940

The December 1940 issue of the Extension Entomologist carried the
program for the meeting of this group in Philadelphia. A brief report
at this time should prove interesting to those who were not present.
Fifteen extension entomologists and about an equal number of other en-
tomologists attended our session.

The report of Mr. Lehker's survey in Indiana on Extension Entomology:
A Study of Methods and Results contained some interesting material which
provided much food for discussion in the first panel. Of the 2,575 farms
surveyed, 200 were house to house visits; the remaining surveys were
through vocational agricultural schools. In the house to house survey,
the occupants of every third house were interviewed. The survey was in-
tended to be a cross section of rural Indiana and was not based on large
growers of major commodities. It should be remembered also that an exten-
Sion entomologist had been on the job there about 4 years at the time the
survey was made. ie 4

The summary of Mr. Lehker's report is submitted to give a gist of
his findings:

"Some of the more important facts brought to light as a result of
this study are:

_ "1, More than 70 percent of Indiana farms have no equipment ade-
quate for dusting plants. Approximately 50 percent are without adequate
Sprayers, and 38 percent have neither adequate sprayers nor dusters.

"2, An average of 85 percent of the people possessed the crops,
livestock, or property referred to in the study. Of this number, an
average of 52 percent applied some treatment intended to control insects.
These figures ranged from 86 percent who treated for the control of
chicken mites to 3.5 percent who practiced termite control.

"3, The dealer influenced the adoption of more practices than any
other source of information, as indicated by the fact that an average of
25 percent of all sources reported were credited to him. Neighbors or
friends were second, and home remedies third in line of influence, with
averages of 19 percent and 17 percent respectively of the total sources
credited to then.

"4, The reliability of the sources of information was, in general,
inversely proportional to their degree of influence. Farm visits by
county agents or specialists, and exhibits were 100 percent reliable,
whereas home remedies were less than 40 percent reliable.

"5, Direct extension sources of information influenced the adop-
tion of about 16 percent of all practices used to control insects, as

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indicated by that percentage of the total sources credited to them. Pri-
marily extension sources influenced another 13 percent of the practices,
whereas about 70 percent had: been adopted’ because” of either indirect or
nonextension influence.

"6." Lt Rota appear from an analysis of this study, that there
is a distinct need for educational work in entomology among farmers of
Indiana." ;

The lack of time prevented a thorough discussion of the second
panel, Coordination of Entcmologsy With Other Subject” Matter in Extension
Programs Relating To: (a) Crops; (b) livestock; (c) the home. The dis-
cussion did not follow the title too closcly but centered around coor-
dination in general. In opening the discussion, Mr. Lyle called atten-
tion to the fact that entomologists, like other subject-matter people,
could most effectively carry on their wor!: by coordinating it with that
of other specialists and agencies. He called attention -to Extension
Service Circular 318 (January 1940), A Study of Extension Projects in
Entomology by T. H. Parks, extension entomologist, Ohio State University.
This survey revealed that the entomology specialists are cooperating
quite extensively with collese departments and other educational, com-
mercial, and social agencies. Mr. Lyle pointed out that because Mr.
Lehker's survey showed that 25 percent of the information farmers receive
is credited to the dealer, even greater effort should be made to educate
then.

Cooperation in a potato production project. in a certain State
offers another illustration. Several years ago when it was started,
each specialist worked independently of the others on the subject.. This
plan didn't work out satisfactorily. Then one person was selected to
head the project, but this plan failed to accomplish the desired results.
Finally, all the specialists whose fields related to potato production
got together, pooled their efforts, and are carrying out a well-coordi-
nated program in a satisfactory manner.

The chairman suggested in his opening remarks that no definite
summary would be made and that the object of the panel was to stimulate
discussion and thought by those present. By this criterion the session
accomplished its purpose. After about 3 hours of discussion on the above
topics, the session closed.

At the suggestion of the secretary, a number of the extension
entomologists brought ie colored slides and motion pictures. These
were shown Sunday morning, before an appreciative group. Some remarkably
fine slides and movies are in the possession of certain specialists, and
there is a growing desire among the group for some means of extending
the use of this Se to fellow workers in other States.

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PLANNING FOR EXTENSION WORK Il! ENTOMOLOGY.

Considerable emphasis is now being placed on planning, and the
question often arises as to how accurately an extension.entomologist
can plan his work. In reviewing the plans and annual reports from the
several States, it is surprising to notice how much of the work planned
is actually carried out. The most tangible analysis can be made from
the goals set up in plans and the amount of work done on these as listed
in annual reports. <A study of the 128 goals and results revealed that,
on a weighted average basis, 94 percent of the work projected was com-
pleted. The following table gives a summary of the data:

Goals and Accomplishments

Goals
scgonp tishments umber Percentage Rercentage of work
Just’ completed "65 51 100
More than completed 21 L& 186
totalsain. t ana 36 87 120 weighted
Partly completed 27 oe $2
Nothing done 15 12 Q ees
LOCAL eeIteS. a. od 42 33 40 weighted
Total completed 86 37 120 weighted
Total incompleted 42 33 40 weighted
Rotaraystatow: ae 128 100 94 weighted

The first section of the table shows that of the 128 goals set w,
55 goals, or 51 percent, were just completed. On 21 of the goals, ar 16
percent, circumstances necessitated doing 85 percent more work on these
than was outlined. A weighted average of the work just completed and
that done in excess of that set up in goals shows 120 percent of the
work on these goals was actually done.

The second set of data is of the goals that fall short of con-
pletion. Twenty-seven goals, or 21 percent, had 62 percent of the work
projected completed. Fifteen goals, or 12 percent, had no work done on.
then.

The weighted average percentage of the work done in excess of
that projected and of that which fell short is 94 percent. This table
indicates that by careful planning it is possible to project extension
work in entomology. However, experience is a valuable teacher, and a
thorough knowledge of the insects with which you are working, your

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agriculture, your crops, ‘and your people are vital to successful pro-
jecting of work. This point is illustrated by the fact that one of the
oldest extension entomologisis completed 99 percent of the work set up
in his goals, calculated on the above basis, whereas one younger man
rated 87 percent, and another younger man 120 percent.

An idea of the types of goals and accomplishnents used in this
study may be found in the December oe issue of "The EX <tension Ento-
nologist."

It is realized that the ‘sample was small, but when goals and
accomplishments are set up in more plans and TEPOLYS 5 a more accurate
analysis can be made. —

" ENTOMOLOGY AND LAND USE PLANNING *

By George F. Gilbertson, Extension Entomologist,
Brookings, South Dakota

_ "Possibly entomologists have participated too little in assist-
ing in the formulation of specific procedures aimed at achieving the
broad objectives of the agricultural program. Many practices have been
urged to achieve these objectives which run counter to best practices
for insect control. In some instances modifications should be made in
deference to the importance of the entomological aspects of the ‘problem,
while in others entomological practice should be modified to meet the
new conditions. ‘which action should be taken will depend entirely upon
the specific situation as revealed by a careful analysis of ‘the objec-
tives and entomological and other effects. In any event, these yro-
cedures call for intelligent consideration to determine whether minor
modifications may be made to provide for insect control without défeat-
ing important objectives, whether control recommendations may be ‘modi-
fied without serious loss, and whether entomological recommendations
which may be in conflict are actually based on sound, tested research
information or have merely grown up over a period of years because they
were thought to be good practice. ' In many instances, reconciliation
between the general agricultural program and the needs for entomolo-
gical control will call for research to adapt entomological procedure
to the changed conditions. Possibly many recommendations for insect
control have been based in the past to too large an extent on consid-
erations involving only insect control and have not taken adequately
into consideration other values and other interests."

In this great State of South Dakota, agriculture is beset with
a great many biotic hazards. Our situation here is not a great deal
different from other midcontinental areas, notably the pampas of
* A paper presented at a land use planning meeting.
**Recent Changes in Agriculture and Their Effect on Insect Problems.
P. N. Annand. Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol...33, No. 3, p..493.

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Argentina, the veld of South Africa and the steppes of Siberia. These
areas together with the great plains of North America are subject to wide
fluctuations in temperature and rainfall. They have drought and so-called
normal rains. :

Why blame nature when man is so often at fault?

In dry years frequently we have an accumulated build-up of insect
enemies. This natural build-up is also augmented by the crops we raise
and the way we farm. By the growth of succulent green crops we have
greatly increased the areas of insect distribution. Through our farm
methods we furnish these insects ideal overwintering quarters. In brief,
we are prone to lay the blame upon nature for a condition for which we
are responsible. Are we, therefore, to consider insect problems as
natural phenomena, sit back and wait until the insects recede, or are
we to analyze the situation, determine how much of the responsibility
is ours, and correct these faults?

Grasshoppers are recurrent.

Since 1852, during 87 years of agriculture in South Dakota, 37
years have been grasshopper years, 17 of these 37 years have been State
wide in destructiveness. To many people this is an act of nature which
cannot be circumvented; the fatalistic feeling is adopted and the con-
clusion is erroneously drawn that with plenty of rain the problem will
be solved.

However, what is the normal in these great plains? Is it plenty
of rain or rain sufficient possibly to mature a crop and yet not suffi-
cient rain to control grasshoppers? I again refer to the history of 37
years of grasshoppers out of 87 crop years. The grasshopper problen,
therefore, is recurrent. It is regular, you cannot class it with an
occasional hazard such as floods or tornadoes. It is a problem that
must be considered carefully, analyzed, and plans made accordingly. In
analyzing the problem it is clearly obvious that man plays a large part
in the increase of these pests since he has disturbed the ecological
adjustment which permits their increase.

Chemical control out.

In attempting to control insects under field conditions on a vast
scale as we have them in South Dakota, chemical control (sprays, baits,
and dusts) is out of the question. It is too expensive. We do not
have the machinery to apply it, the application must be timely to ob-
tain the best results. Our hope of control lies in farm practices and
farm management. We must consider the types, timeliness, and earliness
of these practices, We must so arrange them that they interfere seri-
ously with the well-being of the pest in question. Our object is to
prevent increase and keep these pests below the hazard line. In this
connection we must remember that we cannot recommend a series of farm
practices that conflict with water conservation, soil erosion, soil
fertility, and the best agronomic practices.

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Need for coordination.

A coordinated program must be worked out which considers both
physical and biotic hazards. The State crop picture has..shown year
after year that there are a number of farmers wno farm against these
hazards. In every 'hopper area will be a group of individuals who will
intelligently put into practice the teachings of the research of the ex-
tension worker. These men till with biotic and physical hazards upper-
most in their minds. They plant varieties of crops that because of ear-
liness or unpalatability are not susceptible to insect attack. They
Manage their pastures and ranzes in such fashion that insects cannot get
a foothold through overgrazed conditious. They use chemical control as
merely a mopping-up process in places where they cannot till, such as
headlands and roadsides. These men have planned well; they harvest
woile their neighbors do not. i‘

Plans must recognize insect hazard.

They begin to see that to survive on these great plains they must
include in their plans constent warfare against organisms which compete
with them for food, They begin to see, too, that the condition is not
hopeless; that by intelligent planning and by putting these plans into
operation they can evolve a basic system of agriculture which yields in-
comes in spite of these hazards. To me the land-planning project is a
wonderful opportunity for the study and active prosecution against in-
sects. at

There is a certain resistance we must break down, and I believe
through this set-up that if we can put across the why of pest abundance,
we are in a position to correct our faults and to reduce these insect
populations. Too many people class insect abundance with the acts of
God; they are prone to place the blame upon nature. If we can point
out that man-made causes are often responsible for insect outbreaks, and
that a shift in farm practices and farm management may correct these
faults, the farmer is ready to accept then.

Prater prevention.

Since it is the business of the Extension Service to teach, I be-
lieve that it is my duty to meet with these land-planning groups to show
that certain agricultural procedures must be adopted and aimed at the
reduction of the insect problem. If a given insect survey shows a
threatening to severe expectancy for the next growing season, it is
clearly evident that certain agricultural procedures must be put into
practice to ward off the impending outbreak, even though these agricul-
tural procedures may for the time being conflict with other recommend-
ations. In other words, this program cannot be static, but it must be
flexible. There will be years when the insect problem is acute and
our efforts must be coordinated toward the suppression of insects. Con-
versely, when the insect problem is at low ebb, insect practices must
subordinate themselves to other pressing problems.

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TIMELY TOPICS
STORED-CORN INSECTS AND THE EVER-NOPMAL GRAWARY

In response to a demand resulting from the operation of the
"ever-normal granary," the sum of $6,000 has been allotted to the Bu-
reau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine by the Commodity Credit Corpora-
tion for stored-corn-insect investigations. This sum will be expended -
in the solution of problems arising from the storage of corn in farm-. -
and Government-owned bins, in cooperation with the several agencies
concerned in the operation of the “ever-normal granary." Temple fF.
Vinburn, of the Manhattan, Kans., staff, has been assigned to this work
under the supervision of R. T. Cotton, with headquarters at Urbana, I1l.

ALFALFA WEEVIL PROJECT TERMINATED
AND MORMON CRICKET RESEARCH EXPANDED

On June 30, 1940, the alfalfa weevil research project, with
headquarters located at Room 483, Federal Building, Salt lake City, Utah,
was terminated. This project, which was begun in 1910, and therefore
was conducted for a period of 30 years, resulted in a thorough knowledge
of the bionomics of the insect and the origination of satisfactory and
economical control methods.

Coincident with the termination of this project, the research
work on the Mormon cricket has been expanded by the establishment of a
new Station at Winnemucca. The street address is: Corner of West Fifth
and Pavilion Streets, and the mailing address is P. 0. Box 76, Winnemucca,
Nev. J. C. Hamlin, formerly in charge of the alfalfa weevil project,
has been placed in charge. H. H. Walkden, formerly located at Manhattan,
Kans., has been designated as assistant at Winnemucca.

OCTOBER FLIGHTS OF GRASSHOPPERS

The area most heavily infested with second-generation M. mexicanus
in mid-October included the eastern tier of counties in Colorado, the
western half of Kansas, and parts of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles.

In the northern half of the area, flights were generally of minor impor-
tance and local in nature, but in the southern half, several heavy flights
from southwestern Kansas extended the infested area approximately 100
miles into Texas. Harly in October heavy flights were reported from six
counties of southwestern Kansas.

SCREWWORM-COMTROL PROGRAM IN TEXAS

Results of surveys and research on the biology, habits, distribu-
tion, and abundance of the screwworm fly in Texas during the last 5
years indicate that a high degree of control of the pest can be obtained
if certain ranch practices are followed during the year, especially dur-
ing the winter in the southern part of Texas, where it overwinters. On
the basis of the research observations, a plan was formulated by which

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an experimental control program could be undertaken by the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine, in cooperation with the Extension
Service, Experiment Station, livestock associations, and other agencies
interested in the screwworm problem of Texas.

On October 16, the plan was presented in conference to the
representatives of the above mentioned asencies at College Station, Tex.
The Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine was represented at the
conference by P. N. Annand, assistant chief of Bureau; F. C. Bishopp,
chief of the Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals, who pre-
sided as chairman; and E. C. Cushing, D. C. Parman, and W. L. Barrett,
who presented the proposed program. All representatives of the State
organizations enthusiastically endorsed the program and offered their
full support in putting it into effeci.

Following the above conference, information regarding the pro-
gram was presented to the Gistrict meeting of county agents of the Texas
Extension Service districts at Corpus Christi on October 25 by EH. C.
Cushing and W. L. Barrett.

On November 12, 13, 14, and 15, the program was presented at
Uvalde, Beeville, Boerne, and Gonzales to county agents of Extension
District 10. On December 12 the program was presented to the Texas
Sheep and Goat Raisers annual convention at San Angelo.

IMMUNITY TESTS FOR SALT-MARSH-MOSQUITO BITES

No immunity to irritation has been observed by G. H. Bradley
and B. V. Travis, of the New Smyrna Beach, Fla., laboratory, Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine, efter approximately 1,500 mosquito
bites on the right forearm in 1939 and 1,200 on the same area in 1940.
Their records show that some people may be three times more attractive
to salt-marsh Aedes than are others.

HOUSEFLIES CARRY MASTITIS

Successful Farming, December, cites recent experiments at the
Florida Experiment Station to prove that houseflies spread mastitis
among dairy cows. In the test, cows shown to be free of all traces of
mastitis were placed in a screened, isolated building. Flies were con-
fined to a screen cage and allowed to feed freely on milk from the
quarters of mastitis-infected cows. The insects were then permitted to
contact the healthy cows. The disease was readily transmitted by this
method.

TRAPPING HORN FLIES
Data obtained by W. G. Bruce indicate a marked reduction in num-
ber of horn flies where cattle-fly traps have been installed. Cattle

in a trapped pasture averaged 100 flies per head, whereas cattle in
untrapped pastures averaged over 1,000 flies per head. The percentage

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of each species of flies, as determined by a sample of 500 flies taken
from a cattle-fly trap, was as follows:

Species Percent

Haematobia irritans L.---- 96.5
Stomoxys caleitrans (L.)-- 1.4
eC COOMA PS 8G seme eee as)
Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) .8
Duca lia spp<—-——— 2
Crvproiucilia spp-———— 4

AMOUNT OF BLOOD ENGORGED BY HORN FLIES

Interesting data on the average amount of blood taken by individ-
ual flies, Haematobia irritans L., and the total amount of blood lost
by a herd of cattle because of these flies, were submitted by W. G. Bruce,
of the Dallas, Tex., laboratory, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine.

It was found that an average meal of blood of each horn fly was
from 1.04 to 2.19 mg. and that two meals were taken daily. Using these
data, Mr. Bruce estimated that on one ranch near Cresson, Tex., where
there are 500 head of cattle with a normal infestation of approximately
4,000 horn flies per head, 7 quarts of blood were lost daily during the
fly season. At that rate, a rough estimate would be 3lé gallons, or
2,713 pounds of blood lost during the fly season by this herd of cattle.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CRYOLITE AND CUBE SPRAYS
AGAINST TORACCO-FLEA BERTLES

In one series of toxicity tests conducted on small replicated
field plots of tobacco grown for flue-curing, Norman Allen, of the
Florence, S. C., laboratory, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
found that a spray mixture consisting of 6 pounds of cryolite containing
86 percent of the sodium fluoaluminate (NazA1Fg) and 2 pounds of cube root
powder containing 4 percent of rotenone to 50 gallons of water was more
effective against Epitrix parvula (F.) than was a spray mixture consist-
ing of 2 pounds of cube, containing 4 percent of rotenone, to 50 gallons
of water.

A third spray mixture included in the test consisted of 2 pounds
of lead arsenate and 2 pounds of cube, containing 4 percent of rotenone,
to 50 gallons of water. However, the infestation did not increase after
treatment on tobacco treated with spray mixtures containing cryolite and
lead arsenate so quickly as they did on the tobacco sprayed with the cube
mixture only.

Each of the three treatments was applied to 3 plots of tobacco

containing about one-twelfth acre each. Application was by means of a
mule-drawn traction sprayer, equipped with a vertical spray boom in such

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a way that three nozzles eocaved both sides of the tobacco plants of
every, POWs a

rein an ile application rates were recorded as ranging from
85 to 108 gallons per acre, including the spillage, the actual applica-
tion rate of each,treatment was race 75 to 80 gallons an acre.

“DUSTS MADE FROM NUTS OF CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE
TOXIC TO MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE

A series of small-scale tests conducted at the Columbus, Ohio,
laboratory, Burosu of Entomolosy and Plant Quarantine, by J. W. Apple
and N. F. Howard have shown that flours made from the meat or hulis of
nuts of California buckeye eis calif ‘ornica) are toxic to labora-
tory-reared larvae and adults of Z#pilachna vari ivestis Muls., when ap-
plied to bean foliage. All feeding tests were ccnaucted under a con-
stant temperature of 85° F. and a relative humidity of 50 percent.

Although the data show that neither the meat nor hull flour are
violent poisons, small dosases over an extended period do produce mor-
tality. ther data obtaixed in the course of these studies showed that
female bean beetles lay very few eges while feediag on foliage dusted
with meal or hull flour; however, fewer eggs were laid by females feed-
ing on the meat flour than by those feeding on the hull flour. The
viability of eggs produced by poison-eating females was found:to be no
different from the viability of ezgs from beetles fed untreated foliage.
larvae that were fed sublethal dosagesof.the meat or hull flours formed
pupae that possessed rather abnormal wing buds. Instead of lying close
to the body, the buds extended at right angles from the thoracic region.
Only a few adults emerged from such pupae, and all but one of them died

'soon after emergence. These adults also had misshapen wings.

TESTS WITH CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE FLOUR AGAINST ANTS

In one small-scale test, Messrs. Apple and Howard found that
flour made from the meat of California buckeye nuts apparently had no
effect upon a colony of the ant Formica pallidefulva schaufussi var.
incerta Em. when. such flour was dusted on the soil about the nest, being
replenished after.each rain for a period of 43 days. In another test,
they found that neither the meat flour nor the alcoholic extracts of
the meat and hull flours had-any apparent toxic effect on the two spe-
cies of ants in their nests when they were fed these matcrials mixed
with honey for a period of 37 days. The treatments tested were 1 per-
cent meat flour in honey, 10 percent meat flour in honey, the extract
from 1 gram of meat flour and 9 grams of honey, and the extract of 1
eram'of hull flour.in,9 grams of honey. The species used in the latter

- test were. Las ius ‘alger (L.) var., and ezaudlepeds imparis (Say).

288-41

- 14+
A NEW DISTRIBUT IOI RECORD FOR A PEST OF APPLE. .

Among material submitted for determination by C. F. Doucette,
Summer, Yash., laboratory, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
was a large series of. Anthophila pariana (Clerck) (Glyphipterygidae).
This species was formerly placed in the genus Hemerophila. The first
record of its occurrence in North America was published by E. P. Felt
(Journ. Econ. Ent.,-v. 10, p. 502, 1917), under the title, "Apple and
Thorn Skeletonizer." In that paper the insect was listed from several
localities in New York State. In the National Museum there are speci-
mens from Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and New York, but those
received from ir. Doucette, in Washington, represent the first-known
record of the occurrence of A. pariana in western United States.

_ WHITE-FRINGED-BEETLE QUARANTING RESTRICTIONS MODIFIZ
3 Division Domestic Plant Quarantine

Intensive control work on the white-fringed beetle infestations
during the last few years have so reduced beetle populations that the
Federal quarantine regulations have been further modified to lift all
restrictions on the movement from any part of the regulated area of cot-
-ton lint, baled or unbaled, and also on cottonseed when free from gin
trash. Sanitation practices at the cotton gins are required to be main-
tained. This modification was made effective August 9,. 1940, by a re-
vision of Circular 485, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

TOXICITY AND REPELLEWCY OF PARIS GREEN
AFFECTED BY PARTICLE SiZE

E. R. McGovran and E. L. Mayer, of the Division of Control Inves-
tigations, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, and C. C. Cassil,
of the Division of Insecticide Investigations, Bureau of Entomology and
Plant Quarantine, report that the toxicity and repellency of paris green
to the Mexican bean beetle is influenced by the particle size of the in-
secticide. Mr. Cassil, who prepared the three fractions of paris green,
removed the fine particles from the coarser fractions by controlled sed-
.imentation and decantation in ethyl alcohol after these fractions had
first been separated by the usual sieving procedure. The finest frac-
tion was separated out by a Federal air classifier. Most insecticidal
dusts, even when considered to be coarse, contain considerable fine
material which probably has a marked effect on their toxicity.

The outstanding characteristic of these three fractions was that
the particles in each were of remarkably uniform size. Practically all
‘the fine particles were removed from the 12 micron (average diameter of
particle), and 22 micron fractions. Under field conditions, paris green
is very toxic to bean foliage, but under the laboratory conditions of
these tests, where spray and dusts were applied only to the upper sur-
face of the leaves and the spray dried in 5 minutes or less, no appre-
ciable injury became evident during the 48 hours the beetles were allowed
to feed on the treated foliage.

288-41

3 15 -

These laboratory tests showed that paris green particles with an
average diameter of 1.1 microns caused the°hishest mortality among the
insects and permitted the least feeding, when applied to bean foliage
either as a spray or a dust. The 12-nicron particles caused an irter-
mediate percentage of mortality end degree of feeding and the 22-micron
fraction caused the lowest mortality and permitted the largest amount
of feeding. .

LADYBUGS IN. COLD STORAGE ©

Ice and Refrigeration, December, says that a cold-storage house
in Modesto, Calif., has 105 pvany sacks of ladybird beetles stored in
a room in which the tempersture is just above ireezing. These beetles
are gathered up in the hills and. put iu hibernation in cold storage
until needed to ettack aphis 2nd other crop pests in the orchards,
fields, and gardens of the State. They will live fou months in the
State of hibernation, and emerge into spring, summer, and fall warmth
apparently as good as new.

INSECT CONTROL MORE VITAL NOW

The St. Paul Pioneer Press, December 8, says that T. L. Aamodt,
Minnesota -entomologist, said recently that control of crop destroying
insects next summer, although expected to be somewhat less of a problem
than in the past few years, has taken on added significance because of
present world conditions. He added that food crops in the warring
nations would be short next year, and that crops here should be given
every possible protection against insects and diseases.

288-41

- 16 -

REGIONAL MEETINGS OF ENTOMOLOGISTS .
(Participated in by Extension Entomologists)

We are often confronted with the question, "Just how many entomo-
logical meetings are there, and for how many years have they been held?"
The entomologists think first of the Entomological Society of America.._._____.
or the American Association of Economic Fntomologists with its three
branches and four sections, namely:

Pacific Slope Branch

Cotton States Branch

Eastern Branch

Section of Plant Quarantine and Inspection
Section of Apiculture

Section of Extension

Section of Teaching

The reports of these meetings are recorded in their journals; for
this reason they will be referred to by name only. However, several
other regional or special conferences are held in which the extension
entomologists are especially interested. The following list is an
attempt to register in one place the dates and places of all these meet-
ings. It would appear that this list could be expanded to include other
regional meetings, as well as those within the States, and the complete
list printed in some future issue of the Journal of Hconomic Ento-
mology aS a permanent record.

NORTH CENTRAL.STATES ENTOMOLOGISTS! MEETING

Date Place Chairman Secretary
1921 La Fayette, Ind. S. A. Forbes Js Je DAViS
1922 NO MEETING

1923 Mar. 2-3 Urbana, I11. Wer. Flint J. J. Davis
1924 Mar. 6-7 Columbus, Ohio H. A. Gossard Oo. Ho-Parks.
1925 Mar. 5-6 La Fayette, Ind. J. J. Davis Wo PR, Diane
1926 Mar. 4-5 Urbana, 111. J. W. McColloch fT, H. Frison
1927 Mar. 3-5 Madison, ‘Vis. S. B. Fracker D. M. Delong
1928 Mar. 1-2 St. Louis, Mo. A. F. SatterthwaitK. C. Sullivan
1929 Feb.28-Mar.1 East Lansing, Mich. (No chairman indicated)

1930 Mar. 5-6 La Fayette, Ind. J. J. Davis

1931 Mar. 4-5 Champaign-Urbana, I11.W. P. Flint T. H. Frison
1932 Mar. 2-3 Wooster, Ohio J. S, Houser L. L. Huber
1933 Mar. 2 St. Louis, Mo. A. F. Satterthwait

1934 Mar. 1-2 La Fayette, Ind. Jstes Davis W. B. Noble
1935 Feb.28-Mar.1 Urbana, I11. W.-P. Flint

1936 Mar. 5-6 Ames, Iowa C. J. Drake

1937 Mar. 4-5 Kansas City, Mo. G. A. Dean

1938 Mar. 3-4 Columbus, Ohio T, H. Parks

1939 Mar. 23-24 St. Paul, Minn. A. G. Ruggles

1940 Mar. 22-23 la Fayette, Ind. J. J. Davis

288-41

Date

1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
Loe
1938

1939
1940

Date

1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927

1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933

1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

ae he

INTERNATIONAL GREAT PLAINS CONFERENCE OF ENTOMOLOGISTS

Place Chairman Secretary
April 12 Regina, Sask. Norman Criddle M. P. Tullis.
April 12 Minot, N. Dak. Do. Stewart Lockwood
April 18-19 Winnipeg, Man. Do. A. V. Witchener
Aug. 27-28 Bozeman, Mont. Do. J. R. Parker
Sept. 3-4 St. Paul, Minn. Do. A. G. Ruggles
Aug. 25-27 Lethbridge, Alta. Do. H. L. Seamans
Aug.31-Sept.1 Saskatoon, Sask. Do. Kenneth King
Sept. 12-13 Fargo, N. Dak. Do. J. A. Munro
Aug. 8-10 Trees bank Do. Norman Oriddle |
Aug. .28-30 Blairmore, Alta Do. H. L. Seaimans
Aug. 13-15 Bozeman, Mont. Do. A. L. Strand
Aug. 25-27 Edmonton, Alta Do. E. A. Strickland
Aug. 2-4 Regina, Sask. A. G Ruggles Kenneth King
Aue 9 710 Lake Itasca, liinn. Do. A. G. Ruggles
Aug. 1-2 State Game Lodge, 5.Dak. Do. H. C. Severin
July 29-30 Brandon, Man. Do. ie) ab bine
July 29-30 Bozeman, Mont. Do. A. L. Strand
July 27-28 Swift Current, Sask. T. L. Aamodt Kenneth King
& Robert Glen
July 27-28 Univ. Farm,St.Paul,Minn. A. G Ruggles A. G. Ruggles
Called off because of war.
NORTHWEST ASSOCIATION OF HORTICULTURISTS,
ENTOMOLOGISTS, AND PLANT PATHOLOGISTS
(British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
Place President Vice-Pres. Sec.-Treas.
July 25-28 Hood River, Oreg. B. R. Bennett A. L. Lovett
July 24-26 Yakima, Wash. ©O. M. Morris Wm. Downes C.W.Hungerford
Boise, Idaho A. L. Lovett DD. L. Fischer C.C.Vincent
Aug. 26-29 Penticton, B. C.
June 22-25 Corvallis, Oreg. Presiding Officer: Charles L. Robinson.
June 28-30 Tacoma, Wash. H. P. Barss F.E.Harrington H.D.Locklin
June 27-29 Moscow, Idaho & 0. C. Vincent D. C. Mote B.F. Dana(Atsent )
‘Pullman, Wash. (Acting sec., C,.L.Vincent)
June 25-28 Vancouver, B. C.. E. J. Newcomer H. BE. Morris fF.8.Buck
June 26-29 Bozeman, Mont. C.W.Hungerford . Downes F.M.Harrington
July 14-16 Medford, Oreg. D. F. Fisher J. R, Parker C.E.Schuster
July 8-11 Wenatchee, Wash. F.C. Reimer H.R. McLarty Anthony Spuler
June 20-22 Lewiston, Idaho Leroy Childs fF. D. Heald J.M.Raeder
July 17-19 Hood River,Oreg. F.M.Harrington F. L. Webster 0.T.McWhorter
(Rec.Sec., J. M. Raeder)
July 18-20 Yakima, Wash. R. L. Webster Edwin Smith J.M.Raeder
July 17-19 Kelowna, 8B. C. Heo weaamers . fs D., bailey Do.
July 15-16 Bozeman, Mont. H. E. Morris W. S. Brow Do.
July 14-16 Corvallis, Oreg. 0O.T.McWhorter H. R. McLarty Do.
July 27-29 Moscow, Idaho H. R. McLarty Claude Wakeland Do.
July 19-21 Wenatchee, Wash. F. L. Overley H. B. Mills Dower
June 20-22 Seattle, Wash. Don C. Mote Do.

288-41

ioe.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE OF ENTOMOLOGISTS

Date Place Chairman Secretary
1923 Aug. 20-25 Pingree Park, Colo. ©. P. Gillette Geo. M. List
1924 Aug. 18-23 Do. Do. Do.
ives Aug. 17-22 Do. Do. Do.
1926 Aug. 16-21 Do. Do. Do.
1927 Aug. 15-20" Do. Do. Do.

1928 (No meét ing)

1929 Aug.
1930 Aug.
1931 Aug.
1932 Aug..
1933 Aug.
1934 Aug.
1935 Aug.
BESS of hE Kear

19-24 Pingree Park, Colo. C. P. Gillette Geo. M. List

18-23 Do. Do. Do.
17-22 Do. Do. Do.
15-20" Do. Do. Do.
14-19 Do. Do. Do.
12-17 Do. Do. Do.
18-23 Do. Do. Do.

16-21 Centennial, ‘lyo.

1937 (No meeting)

1938 Aug.
pho Bee Go ha
1940 Aug.
Date

1925 July
1925 Dec.
1926 ilov.
1927 Nov.
1928 Nov.
1929 Nov.
1930 ov.
1931 Nov.

1932 Nov.

1933 Nov.
1934 ov.
1935 Nov.
1936 Nov.
1937 Nov.
1938 Wov.
1939 Nov.

1940 Nov.

14-19 Centennial, ‘Iyo. C. P. Gillette Geo. M. List

13-18 Ward, Colo. Do. Do.
18-23 Cameron Pass Camp, E&. H. Painter Do.
Colo.

CUMBERLAND-SHEVANDOAH VALLEY FRUIT CONFERENCE

Place . Chairman Secretary
20 Winchester, Va. Dr. Ho. G. Knight Dr. A.J. Drinkard,Jr.
11 ‘Martinsburg, W. Va. Dr. G. R. Lyman 5. C. Sherwood
5 Hagerstown, Md. Dr. H. G. Knight W. J. Schoene
22 Chambersburg, Pa. Dr.MN.J.Giddings Do. -
Oy Vashington,eb. 0.) ~~ Do mea | A, W. Drinkard, Jr.
"Be ‘Winchester, Va. ‘Dr.F.D.Fromme WwW. J. Schoene
19 Hagerstown, Md. Dr.=.C.Auchter G. 3. Yerkes
25° ‘Winchester, Va. ‘Dr. E.1. Cory A. Lee Schrader
"265 re T)O a Dr.R.D.Anthony F. i. Fagan
Peloire pga aslo. ' Dr.W.S.Hough A. B. Groves
20°" Washinecton, D. C. Dr.J.R.Magness J. W. Roberts
12 College Park, iid. - Dr.J.H.Beaumont A. Lee Schrader
"28 Martinsburg, ¥. Va. E. C. Sherwood Edwin Gould
27 Winchester, Va. A. H. Teske A. B. Groves
25-26 Waynesboro, Pa. R. N.: Fagan - Rh. SLoKinby.
24-25 College Park, Md. FF. P. Cullinan M. 0. Goldsworthy
22-23 Martinsburg, W. Va. EB. C.- Gould CO. Be Gaylor

‘ (Record according to Walter Hough, who has a complete file

288-41:

of the minutes of the secretary of each meeting, 1925-40.)

Date

BIG

- 1927
1928
1929.
1930
1931
1932

Date

1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934.
1935
1936
1936
1937
1938

288-41

June
Dec.
June
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.

‘Dec.

Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.

Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Mar.

Mar.

(No meeting)

Feb.
Mar.
Dec.
Dec.
Jan.

“tS Ome

MEETINGS OF WESTERN COOPERATIVE SPRAY PROJECT

apo

10
3
2

27-28
26-27
3-4
31

27
26-27

Place

Tacoma, Wash.

Spokane, Wash.

Moscow, Idaho

Spokane, Wash.
Do.

Do.
Seattle, Wash.
Portland, Oreg.
Hood River, Oreg.
Walla Walla, Wash.
Do.
Spokane, Wash.

Walla Walla, Wash. °

Do.

Chairman

Secretary

(Organization meeting)

J. R. Parker
E. J. Newcomer
Do.
Do.
Do. .
oe
Do.
Do...’
Do.
Do.
Do. |
me DOs |
Do.
5 Ble}
Do.

Anthony Spuler

Do.
F. H. Overley
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
L. G. Smith
(pro tem)

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH CONFERENCE
(Regional) ay

Place

“Chairman

Harrisburg, Pa.

Do.
Do.

Washington, D. C.

Do.

Urbana, Ill.

Wooster, Ohio.

CODLING MOTH CONFERENCE
(Regional and National)

Place

Washington, D. C.

Do.

Urbana, I11.

Wooster, Ohio

La Fayette, Ind.

Uisbananeielli.
Ames, lowa

‘GAtlantic City, Nedeo<
Indianapolis, Ind.
Spokane, Wash.

A. L. Quaintance
Do.

B.A. Porter
Do.

Chairman

A. L. Quaintance
Do.
Do.
Do.
B. A. Porter
Do.

B. A. Porter
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Date

1939
1940

1938

1939

1940

Date

1933
1933

1934
1935
1935
1936

1937

1938
1939

203-41

~ 26

GRAPE BERRY MOTH CONFERENCE

(New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Canada)

Mar. 10
Mar. 5-6

Place Chairman

; Beetain

Buffalo, WN. Y; C
T, H. Parks

Cleveland, Ohio

GRASSHOPPER AND MORMON CRICKET CONTROL CONFEREICES

Dec. 5
Aug. 20-22
Aug. 30-31
Dec. 4-5
Aug. 26

Nov. 18-19

Dec. 27-30
Nov. 21-26
Dec. ol
Mar.:. 24
Jan. 7-8
Sept. 8
Nov. 29
Sept. 5
Jan, 26
Apr. 23
Dec. 4-5
Nov. 8

Place Chairman - Called By

Sioux City, Iowa C. J. Drake State workers

No conference

Fargo, N. Dak. Greater N. Dak.
Association

Denver, Colo. P. i. Annand Useto. Distr.

Wo conference

Omaha, Nebr. C. J. Drake Chairman

Sioux Falls, S. Dek. A. M. Eberle S. Dak.

Agencies

Pocatello, Idaho C. M. Packard L, A, Strong

(Regional conference on Mormon Cricket Control)

Indianapolis, Ind. A. M. Eberle

(Regional grasshopper control committee conference)

Omaha, Nebr. L. A. Strong Unto. eles

Minneapolis, Minn. A. M. Eberle Chairman

(Northwest grasshopper control conference)

Minneapolis, Minn. A. M. Eberle Chairman

(Northwest grasshopper control conference)

Denver, Colo. A. S.J Hoyt Uses, Deeks,

CHINCH BUG CONTROL CONFERENCES

Place Chairnan Secretary

St. Louis, Mo,
(In cooperation with railroad officials. )
Hamilton, Ill. WP fe Pint J. J. Davis
Keokuk, Iowa
Do.
Omaha, Nebr.
(Conference on grasshopper and chinch-bug control)

Des Moines, Iowa W. 3. Dove

—eOlk=

EUROPEAN CORN BORER CONFERENCES .

Date Place Chairman

1927 §=July 20-21 Toledo, Ohio. L. H. Worthley.
(Extension conference on control of European corn borer)

1928 Jan. 3 Washington, D. 0. Dr. A. F,. Woods
(Second annual research corn borer conference)

1929 Jan. 2 Washington, D. C. Dr. A. F. Woods
(Third annual research corn borer conference)

1930 Feb. 11 Washington, D. C, Dr. A. F. ‘oods
(Fourth annual research corn borer conference)

1930 Oct. 15 Berkley, Mass. Dr. A. F. Woods
(Conference European corn borer projects)

1940 Jan. 23 West Springfield, Mass. W. ¢. O'Kane

(Northeastern corn borer conference)

PACIFIC NORTHWEST COOPERATIVE PEA-WEEVIL CONTROL PROJECT
(Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Utah)

Date Place Chairman

1937 Jan. 19-20 Walla lalla, Wash. Claude Wakeland
1938 Spokane, Wash. Don C. Mote

igod 26D, 12 Portland, Oreg. J. C. Chamberlin
1940 Walla Walla, Wash. R. D. Bichman

T, H. Brindley

TOBACCO RESEARCH COMMITT2E

(Research on cultural problems. in flue-cured
tobacco area)

Date ; Place “Chairman

1935 Aug. 5-6 Suffolk, Va. . C. B.. Williams
1935 Dec. 4-5 Richmond, Va. . 7. D. Reed
1936 June 24-26 Suffolk, Va, Do.

1937 July 7-8 Florence, 5, C. Do.

At the Florence meeting a Tobacco Insect Council was formed which
meets with the Tobacco Research Committee. The area has expanded to in-
clude workers from Canada, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

288-41

Date
1938

1939
1940

Date
1937
1938

1939
1940

Date

1938

Date
1938

1939
1940,

Date
1924

1925

288-41

Sf 5a5.

THE TOBACCO INSECT AND DISEASE COUNCIL

ney Chairman
July 19-21 Florence, S. C. if, De-Reed
Aug. 8-10 Greenville}*Tennieo unions 24 Do.
Aug. 7-8 . Blacksburg, Va.. Do.

NORTHWEST CROP-IlPROVEMENT CONFERENCE

(Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota)

Place | Called by
Dec. 4-5 Minneapolis, Minn. R. J. Haskell and O. S. Fisher
Nov. 26-27 Do. Federal Dxtension Service
Dec. 8-9 Do. Do.

Called off.
STORED GRAIN PEST CONFERENCE (in relation to
ever-normal granary program)
Place Chairman
Apr. 19 St. Louis, Mo. Dr. P. i]. Annand
HIGH PLAINS POTATO GROWERS! ASSOCIATION
(Colo., Mont., Nebraska, N.M., Wyo.)

(The entomologists! interest is potato psyllid)

Place Chairman Secretary
Aug. 18-19 Laramie, ‘yo. Drs Us a: potarr - Dr. G. Eo eecere

Aug. 21-22 Scottsbluff, Nebr.Mr. T. H. Hankins T. H. Hankins
Aug. 17-18 wonte Vista, Colo.Mr. A. M. Binkley,Mr. W. F. McGee
Acting. Acting.

HESSIAN FLY CONFERENCE

Place
Dec. 31 Washington, D. C. (Informal meeting of Federal and
State Hessian fly investigators.)
Jan. 5 Washington, D. ©. (Hessian fly conference.

- 23 -
Puro uo a Leu a oo
California
Recent contributions of insect physiology to insect toxicology and control.
W. M. Hoskins. Hilgardia (Calif. Sta.). vol. 13, no. 6, p. 307-386.
Berkeley. 1940.
Delaware
Rosin residue emulsion as a sticker for lead arsenate in horticultural
sprays. R. L. Pierpont. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 221, 35 p.
Newark, 1939.

Report on the Tabanidae of Delaware. D. MacCreary. Del. Agr. Expt.
Sta. Bul. 226, 41 p., illus. Newark. 1940.

Hawaii

Control of aphis on cucumbers. A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Cir. 24. lp.
Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

Control of scale insects. A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Cir. Gls aL Dp.
Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

Insecticides which should not be used on table vegetables. A. ©. Browne.
Hawaii Bxt. Cir. 28. 1p. Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

Control of mites. <A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Cir. 29., 1p. Honolulu.
1940. Mimeographed.

The tomato bug. A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Cir. 38. lp. Honolulu.
1940. Mimeographed.

Control of flea beetles. A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Cir. 40. lp.
Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

Mildew and aphis control on watermelons. <A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext.
Cir. 73. Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

Control. of pepper weevil. A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Cir. 74. lp.
Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

Cabbage worm control. A. C. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Cir. 75. lp.
Honolulu. . 1940. Mimeographed.

Control of tomato pinworm. A. ©. Browne. Hawaii Ext. Olr. a6 aeaceDe
Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

Control of cabbage webworm on head and Chinese cabbage. Hawaii Ext.
Cir. 77. 2p. Honolulu. 1940. Mimeographed.

283-41

- P4 =
PUBLICATIONS Continued.
Illinois
How to know and control stored-grain insects. M. D. Farrar, 1. Fe
Winburn, and W. P. Flint. I11. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 512, 16 p.,_
illus. Urbana. 1940.
Indiana
The biology of six species of cockroaches which inhabit buildings. G. E.
Gould and H. 0. Deay. Ind. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 451, 31 p., illus.
La Fayette. 1940.

Kansas

Combating fruit pests in Kansas, G. A. Filinger. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Cir. 199, 45 p., illus. Manhattan. 1940.

Equine encephalomyelitis virus isolated from naturally infected Triatoma
Sanguisuga LeConte. C. H. Kitselman and A. W. Grundmann. Kans. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Tech. Bul. 50, 15 p., illus. Manhattan. 1940.

Transference of Hessian fly resistance and other characteristics of
Marquillo spring wheat to winter wheat. R. H. Painter, et al. Kans.
Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bul. 49, 55 p., illus. Manhattan. 1940.

Kentucky

How to stop weevil damage to stored beans and peas. W. A. Price. Ky.
Ext. Cir. $52, 4p., illus. Lexington. 1940.

Sprays for the home fruit garden. A. J. Olney. Ky. Ext. Cir. 353, 8 p.
Lexington. 1940.

Louisiana

Entomological progress, number 2. Assembled by C. 0. Eddy. la. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Bul. 323, 51 p., illus... University. 1940.

The effect of lime in reducing injury by the sugarcane beetle. Jd. W.
Ingram, W. E. Haley and L. J. Charpentier, La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul.
Sed, p. 51-33, University. 1940.

Varietal susceptibility of cane to sugarcane borer injury in 1939. J. W.

Ingram and L. 0. Ellisor, La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 323, p. 34-36,
University. 1940.

238-41

PUBLICATIONS Continued.
Maine

Poultry handbook for 4-H Club Members. Frank D. Reed. Maine Ext. Bul.
aol,veo p., dllus. Orono, : 1940.

Massachusetts

Apple pests and their control. Arthur I. Bourne, Oran C. Boyd, Oliver C.
Roberts and Warren D, Whitcomb. Mass. Agr. Col. Ext, Leaflet 189,
56 p., illus. Amherst. 1940.

Biological control of mealybugs in greenhouses. W. D. Whitcomb. Mass.
Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 375, 22 p., illus. Amherst. 1940.

New Hampshire
Studies of contact insecticides: XIV, Penetration of certain liquids
through the pronotum of the American roach. ‘. C. O'Kane, L. 0. Glover,
R. L. Blickle, and B. M. Parker, WN. H. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bul. 74,

New York

Biology and control of the wheat wireworm, Agriotes mancus Say. W. A.
Rawlins. WN. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 738, 30 p., illus.,
Ithaca. 1940,

Non-arsenical dusts for cauliflower and cabbage worm control: on Long
Island. H. C. Huckett. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 695, 58 p. Geneva.
1940.

Uninfected elm wood as a source of the bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus
Marsham) carrying the Dutch elm disease pathogen. OD, L. Collins, K. G.
Parker, and H. Dietrich. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 740,

14 p., illus. Ithaca. 1940.
Oklahoma

Control cattle grubs. J. Myron Maxwell. Okla. Ext, Cir. 374, 4p.,
illus. Stillwater, 1940.

The brown elm scale; description and control. F. A. Fenton. Okla. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Bul. 245, 6 p., illus., Stillwater. 1940.

| Pennsylvania
Deposition and retention of sprays onapples. II. OD. &, H. Frear and

H. N. Worthley. Pa. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 400, 22 p., illus. State
College. 1940.

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PUBLICATIONS Continued. oe “

The control of insects in cheese factories, 4, M. Searls and Div,
Nusbaum. 8 p., illus. Wis. Agr. Expt. Sta. Special Cir. (unnumb. |
Madison. 1940, f ;

United States Department of Agriculture

Clothes moths, HE. A. Back. U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaf. 145L, rev. 8 p.,
illus. 1940.

Control of the Mormon cricket by the use of poisoned bait. F. T. Cowan
and H. J. Shipman. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 5750, 16 p., illus. 1940.

The southern corn rootworm and farm practices to control it. Philip
luginbill. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers! Bul. 950F, rev., 10 p., illus.
19 40 . i ar “

The wheat jointworm and its control. W. J, Phillips and F. W. Poos.
U. &. Dept. Agr. Farmers! Bul. l1006F, rev., 13.p., illus. 1940.

Investigations of the parasites of Popillia japonica and related
Scarabaeidae in the Far East from 1929 to 1943, inclusive. T. R. Gardner
and L. B. Parker. U. S.. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 738T, 36 p., illus. 1940.

Parasites of the oriental fruit moth in Japan and Chosen and their intro-
duction into the United States. G. F. Haeussler. U. S. Dept. Agr.
Tech. Bul. 7281, 62 p..» illus. | 1940.«

Outside Articles

‘Leafhoppers: they can reduce your crop. G. 3. Marshall and N. F.
Childers (With H.W. Brody). Amer. Fruit Grower 60: 6-7, 11, 12, 15.
Aug. 1940. (In Coop. with Ohio Univ.)

Injury to the tree and fruit from different sprays applied in 1939. fF. L.
Overley, BE, L. Overholser and D. F. Allmendinger. Oreg. State Hort.
Soc. Rpt. 31(1939): 119-124. [1940 |

Pear psylla a threat to the northwest pear industry. L. Childs. Oreg.
State Hort. Soc. Rpt. 31 (1939): 41, 43-45. (1940)

Oil sprays and their effects in Hood River, L. Childs. Oreg. State
Hort. Soc. Rpt. 31(1939): 57-63. [1940] | :

Livestock fly sprays. H. H. Shepard. Pests 8: 12-13. Aug., 1940.

Feeding grasshoppers to turkeys. MEP Milby and R. Penquite. Poultry
Sci. 19: 332-3356. Sept., 1940,

Musca domestica and Hippelates flies - vectors of bovine mastitis.
D. A. Sanders. Science 92: 286. Sept. 27, 1940.

223-41