Historic, Archive Document
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
LIBRARY
BRAKE AR
Peon cy >
SEP 2 6 1960
ff fo
a
&
a Depry. OF poRtev”
BLISTER Res f WOR Kk
IN THE FAR WEST
nue 1 to cember 31, 193
Spokane Branch
Division of Blister Rust Control
618 Realty Bldg, :
Spokane, Weshington
:
eee Se OO” ee
Second growth white pine in north Idaho.
.A nearly pure stand of second growth white pine
40-60 years old, near Clarkia, Idaho. The stream
type contains heavy concentrations of Ribes petiolare,
R. inerme and R. lacustre. Pine infection is heavy
along lower slopes. In the extreme right can be
seen part of the stream type area cleared with the
bulldozer. Photograph by 116th Photo Section,
Washington National Guard, Lt. Eric Danielson, Price:
H. M. Cowling, Photographer.
CONTENTS
oh Gt be ne s. ¥ ser ihe % Sa ree She EA ots
pag rte a as 1 Oe eee seamen
~ ee ‘Control Work in MOM tansecsoerecreverrnecseerennns
rendua of Trig evet otitis 1, Sh. JAS cPLA. ceva
ster gust Controd sctivities,’ Cavenec Wurrery, wontana..
ct after ‘Bibes Eradication on ‘bhe -Savenac - |
Mursery Protection area, ‘Bevgen , Homtaneee. vee veseeeesees
Searing tor” BILAter Bist tn Montanees. eevee nweee see snns
Blister Eras Gea ts rol tore’ ia’ SR TPIT IEE Tee Hs
dere landing, Lésho “State Band Department... ..
ergtanding, ‘University of” "SPO Os ccc sivaeue:
24 peg in andug of EPS
Muss eaaten “of
| Memor andum of Jaders tang!
. Sleerwater {imber Protective
whanpeaabions: ware resannsias i itscacaiGeigees iss iiicetec
thba
4
Memorandum of Understand ates Meeeecore (hoe pt NS s
Ini
Ribes vEeology,.. in the. pire.....-
Seed Storage ‘Stu - (elder papier ity Dies chee ke SY i iL
Pliotestudys ofthe Bffects, of Cutting Methods on a her
cy ounaaakehcabiaatieo. p00 “seedling” WAY VIVE. coe se ot Peek ee
Soomtfegtecof Giesing in. of Yorest’ Cahdpy on” Sehent: | aden
Ribes. Rredication, iplend Empires. cs eeceeccceeesneee sence
PAWEMtPOdMethomic. occeeveescecacccrocsecccereesecsccscreeees :
Chemicel Eradication Methees.. cc ceca oc caetcueee ces
= pete a ittbes uradication with Bulldozer,
cGTy Badetate on the Clearnater Timber
ty Sd to 1G of ‘Rives yisddsissigin Growing. in Jesse
“popet ng off Wie Live cten mt Ground, Level. ,
: sister & ge: A on ‘the Cledrester tational. Foresbes.
bes, radicat’ On on tHe St! Joe Ma tional Porert...e...6
Rides . ta ieétion sith Sul ldoxer; “Coeur. dtdlene. .
«National,
fs dice fon survey, Coeor’ d'Alene: Netional: Forest...
oe cont Fae a aadeett Control; Clearwater: Timber Protective...
ee ay ABE bike Go Hb oc duke ba Oe eae + Uae SE CECA RRA CHR 0's OMe
2@ pole tng SONY Gontrol oh: the: A pl bteMarice diver...
“Koti Dasinegece Re cide ele Caw de saute e to che oti Cont oe CECUAC HERE.
Cooperative Local Control, Priest Lske Timber Protective
ADSSOCTL SLL ON. acdevecesnesrescesssas ss ceenteesaeoresraesip
Be ES Oe EOE eee e -
* Development of Rites kradicetion Lquipment.....ersscores
2 CYark te,” TWédenow.. oe oes cede ees O06 oe ape sie rs oo °.0.7° ae soee :
* ective Bia ddGe tern ng Decne tale Hoke Movie anriee,
““freataient of ives Yetiolere Growing in Beaver Uems..
res epee cetenccsetsacnscestsseeeesssenseeeeg.
P ‘ me
me ‘
» PRO iets
7-8
sidan
13-15,
» 1622
17=197
L?<olS.. 29:
1s PED 8:
20 bed
2122
POS 0 aaa
BS*5S- 5°57
ce tee
4am 492
somes
50°by
64ag a
Lop=109,
110111 -
110111
1a
Liweies:
1ég~-142
146*150
15l1-LS9
160-268.
17-176
162-166
*
Checking after RibE s’ Bradication. .....; pee tng deadhz melee see
Introduction. .°..0F....... Peds ae bi see Ce ree
Checking after Ribe 3" ‘Braditation, | Clearwater Netionel
WTOMERT eee eevee Tas © Shoe hr MEL UeEL A Satis WO 6k eRe eR ESS ’
Checking efter Ribe s ‘Pradteation, ‘St. "Toe flational Torest....
Chéeekingvafter Ribes Bradica tion, Clearwater Timber
Protective Assocation. ........... Bein wde ues Seiwa. « oa aigge
Checking after Ribes Bradication, Upper St: Uaries
eS ere eee re Cre Oe CO Cee eee ee ieeeeed :
» Checking after Ribes Eradication, Priest take Timer :
‘Protective apr aotnagee hopes phonies Ere ay COUPE gy a aa a
Scouting for Blister Rust in the Inland Bmpi rey... sceeeeseseeees
Pine hafiectien | Bedi ere: ane ‘Meadow - pee Idaho #2264!
Blistex. Raat cache mae aa pir ll ce galt ee yy
Memorandum of. ck ciahend teenie Jake, RARDE roi eres.
Blister Rust Control Activities, Mount Rainier National Park
Pine Infection Studies, Newman Lake, Yashingtom....%% oes. 0%
cesoseres
Blister. Bust. Control. Bork. in OP RROD. oc: a wwe senate w’ ibe ¥% %% oe
Memorandum or TiC RMA Ooi 20:5:,.0 cidnin talenee aeunmaciely eiatiienisias 0
Scouting for Blister BUStesceccvpenastens eevee eer ose tr eexseboseae
‘odedeud vou Ribes CAT 66 6 ERE CRORES 6 Roa an ieee Be aS
1A ante le ie RR RA IS RODD CPE
Blister Rust Control Work in California... wsccccscccnsccccenvecd
Memsreniun Of WahOr eta we sn nei ais gcse oink nic cinpsies on ns Ce easignsce
Scouting, Educational York and Wursery Sanitation,....oceses»
FAVES OCR OEY sin 6 opined edn di wip Ch cuss die tis Mae ee nee shee «ein
Ribes Survey of the Logging Damage and Mill Plot. Studies.,
Ribes Reestablishment in Suger Pine»Ponderosa Pine and
Suger PineeFir Types Following Logging, ...cecccccssencece
Ribes Beestablishment in Stream Type after Logging......0.
Ribes Seed Germination and Seedling Survival,......cssece.
Rives Seed Germination and Seedling Survival on
Dry AMS crasicsio.s dca Huse disse +26:6k aja uhiie waseaernen 49m slacae eees» ss ©
Ribes Seed Storage in the Duff end Soil,....cscccvecsecens
Wisc@llaneous Studies, ......cccsccoccescevsves
IN i oo. dnd os hay esa) MOM ROL as 68a k Coweuwer cas wencn
ORS TOA PR OURUE), CORNERS 5. 5-ois 04's Haipniiins 0096 Bins ahs dk. nuewiar de oes
Sugar Pine bene ss Kae leks 6 ns gma Nhe wan osc Bee
Experimental Ribes Eradication, Dorrington Aree, Stanislaus
RTO asi aid aid wishes bake vines RAMME NE OE Emme hn nee Cue osiols
*@eesoeovpeeeoeRm
600194
60-63
1260132
1438145
1702172
17321381
189.4194
19 50019:7
338.343
193-2211
198
99211
3316357
2126219
2122213
214.217
218
ag
220a331
2228230
2316240
2510235
234
234.0236
237
23 70338
338
2580239
239.0240
2414246
2470250
251=258
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Chemical investigative NOT Ks cc enecscverccececesceneserererreane
Pert I, Investigative Work in “the Chemical tradication
of RLIDCBe pvcacccacvadcncrrcesescos sess eecesseces
‘Part 1, Investigations in Chemical wethode for the
the Eradication of BEM DET Ye cescerervccereersere
Part I11l, ‘he Status of Investigative Work in the
= a
. Chemical radication of Ribes and Barberry and
Sesehuae Suet on Studies in Sifectiveness of Comtrol..ecsecce
. INtPOdUCTLONe se eeveneseracereccecsrreancccaconececccescuscrs
‘The Growth ond. Regeneration,of Kibes, in. Sireaa Type”
Following Ribes AA Oi OWia ais 25 65 cininin-c yu0')s vier iain ee:cing's «2
The Inflvence of Stream Sype &ives Lradication on Canker,
eM TORU i lalla iG oh8 Ko eee LN inwiele dee w ete be waive e
Pine Infection Studies, Newman Lake, Vathingtonearesersonnseece
Pine Infection Studies, Long Meadow Creek, Ldmhderesessceces. |
Wheekye Plot Studies, Cheekye, fritish. GUAM Bais osinn'e sisivie’s »
Protogrephte and baucatione) MOREL o's bv'cenaeed mented daemeo nese
Financial pO ee ee ee Tae eet eeearen
General acelin ti Latinas «ia Siac -ideiuaia ale aad © is» die see
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et ‘
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ia as Pais 2 Loess
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ras
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os iotaelondeniins ret hive
+ * ‘ 3
ahi * SCT hea)
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B= = nist Sm »
Be ty ae,
Oprrnt ong
vpReGomuenda tions. for, ielé Ved eee ee
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<59<2 79
2t0e5 02
SOS *3.c0
BLLSEAR, AUST NOK ie HAR WSS
Jemery 2 we December Ay 1932.
+. * bi * * % e *
Sheet tonto. EMRQBUDEIGR
Tis
§ - The: antes +: seperthaty wecurrences. a the western blister roles
srosttetol’ | program ae ae ger cael yo wale may be briefly vhogert ripe
bed a ;
( 1) Deerbave: in ha scope of cooperative control proeran with
_. sens rae bg ag owners in — Idaho,’
~ (2) A metortal ‘tmerease in ar ean control operations on
national Toreste.” te re ee eee
9 €8) Stfong wetdonde thet ‘ee rite € dis pecaitie more way dissen-
inated ae more firmly established in north: “Tdaho,” Sk, .
(4) Material decrease tn the experimental Leoni control program
-/ eld taenta in order to Sonatinas. the Idaho control program. with less
funds available. ieee
pan “(8 The euveronel gt the suger pine survey in cooperation with
‘the Forest Service in California. — a
Ok SEAR tied ef the economic baie and consequent Sonia 1
pares of the lumber market, several private concerna in north Idaho with ©
whom this Division had been ‘cooperating in Blister rust control work ~~
Were forced to cither discontinue or materially decrease thelr cooperation.
hus, thé Clearwater Timber Protective Association decreased its
allotment for this-purpose from $20,000.00 to 910,000.00; the Potlatch
Fs apigh Protective Association discontinued cooperative work entirely; md
@ group of local owners in the vicinity of Clarkia, Idaho decreased
their allotment from $6,000.00 to $1,200.00. On the other hand the
allotment by the State of Idaho for cooperative control work in the Priest
Lake SNE. was increased from 5,000, 00 to $8,000. 90. *
str Mtotments by the Forest Service for blister rust control work
were diiawed from $195,000.00 @uring the fiscal year 1922 to $275,200.00
for ‘the fiscal year 1933. The result. of this increase was thet to
major operations were carried on during the field season of 1922, one on
the Clearwater and one’ on the St. Joe Wational Forest. In accordance
with the ‘cooperative program the Division ‘of Blister Bust Control furnished
all technical supervision, including camp bosses and checkers for these
operations,
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Pr iLeen* Hi
ovetlable “QwelTeontrol’ @perations in north Taaho, the scheme of worl
“For 19S2 was shifted from stream type Ribes eradication to complste
initial eredication. This alteration was considered necessery in vicw
‘6f (a) the rapid intensification of the rust and (b) uncertainty as to
sod p nee ‘Tends fn future years.
cone! the: énd ‘of I93Y, 61 eé@nters of pine infection were known to
exist vy (othe Inlan@ Smpire: “Daring 1932, 16 additional pine infection
centers were found, brinzin® tHe total mumber to 77. In addition, Ribes
infeétidis wers'so general over the Inland “mpire white pine belt that
no detailed records could G46 kept of them. ‘Specifically, new tibes -
infections were found on the Kaniksu National Forest, the Palouse Division
of) eles ower ens Aare apsegseorail cut: on | ota Seleny National Forest.
sdheinat ton of total eahatuants to the western Whaler rust”
Gontm 3 program, and the necessity for maintaining the going control
operations.dn idaho necessitated a considerable decreage in the scope of
experinantal #ibes eradication operations in Califormia. The work during
1932 consisted primarily of. reeradication.on the northern mrt of the ~
Stanislang, odd amen Forest, in, addition. to which a srmll ecreace of .
initiel eradication was completed. The. promimity of the rust to .
northern California makes it. imperative. that. the California mafic pice
program be. again, built, up as rapidly es possible.
»& project. most important to the development of the California
blister rust control program was undertaken in 1932 in the form of « sucar
pine_survey or inventory. made. jointly by this. Division and the Forest
Service... ie survey. is: designed to eeeurately locate all areas of sugar
pine within the state, to determine their present and reproductive value,
their omersbip, and go far as possible their order of priority in, the
control program. Experimental Ribes eradication and control reconnaissance
data will. be, epplied, to these.suger pine data as rapidly as possible, and
from this basic information a control Seaernn 1 for the — will be
Borst ePe ss & ROR « telntweeese of Ses 2 2 : id
wapsuagt: the calendar year 1932 the Western Branch of the Division
of re Bugt. _Gontrol Operated upon the basis of eonetes available from
two cal years. as. follows: “a
aehit Se period January As 1922 to dune Ds 1932, the applicable
appropr rial were. MB2L35,14,. Salary and Expenses Bureanof Plant Industry,
Blister bie esa 1932" 4n the amount of $239,015 "ier the entire
fiscal rene "31 /2133.14, ‘Salary and Expenses, Blister Sust Boas ro ke
19zi-19ser ah the amount of $50,000 (for the ee yg ‘April 1, 1981 to.
June 2, ae Of this appropriation $5,167.68 was expended during jeu
1931). Ina Hi He from. the available appropriation. "$2133. 25,
1932" ws 2 ewe ff Plant Anadustry. Barberry Sradication,..
Wasa Nofted ie “fale 2D vision for the entire fiscal year 1932, for
itew to ematos edt .odebhi dtiom at arottoreqo foudaoo (le gO
eatelomon cd soliantoats esdih sevd meoise sree bedtide esv SSCL x0%
masgnoea boxebinnes eaw woliatet ia edit -roPhtagibate Iealtial
o} 2a ySatadrens (¢) Soe dais edt “to as 150 13tamedal biqat sit (#) Yo
.pvaey etoset af ehast evyitvetseqocs
6d Xtons ete ooltostat ente to eretaeo [6 , Cl to bao edd TA
toi ‘Sox? onto Iemobdthbsa af .Seef apivat .woticm* beaint ong af te ice
xv
sedi ,xofitbhea al NS cd cedawa Letod add cgiuatrd ,baget otew sted aed
fend éisd vate etidw etiqwi bualinl add trove faxncams, es-etew eno liceatal
edits wom ,vilacftiesg2 .vedd te ¢qeal ed Disog eitese: bellated.on
nofelwitdi seuvolad add ,taotel fanoisad uaxinad odd go baugot sie eaotioetat
este fein kia wan ie? ant mo Sas .testo® ferofiad oth .d& add to
gest watedid ssegacr t aeaomioite tases he ao hivebed
forjaos sffoan off aalaias rot utiseooun eid boa ,matsotwq fottacs
i oe ve odd gh aeseteah oldavebtaven 2 bedetingecen :ofakl gh excitarego
setarbh sow 3n% aberott les ei snokieteqo aciteethbsirs eediS. lalaemhteqne
8 coftestbatseas to yliremitg beselence So eL
; 80rd thos a eiaetol Lanetiak ensleinet&
ets .boiolemeg agw actigotbare Ialitat
taome ovi¢svoomt $2 aodem simtotiiad wrediton
a6 vibiges e& qu titgd atags ed MatQoTT
Scie ich id of saad tog. gaom tsstérg. 4
edairabras saw mexnorg [ots moo dent totet{d
daonvot edd Son asteivid etdd ed elinict sham .viotaeva’ te yer. ent g
+
‘
we
Dee Bs fa atesatl vletetvecs of Senglash ef .yovige aid? sa tytad
olay at ‘ Seagotg iicady animtodeb ag ,eteda anti xidtin enatq
ao cue. ie ySht9 nest sidizeog a tet oe des ,gidetsawo theds
hemetanrooet forlses bua scotteothaxe eadki Inigontreqe®. .metszovg fotéaco
feo ,eidterod a8 Ulbkce: <a ecah orta twaem, enedi ef Dbelloge .sd Lii« ateh
ed ifiw aofgex att «et martactg lovises e agtiametal glee effi. mex
oye Lavah
gokcotviG esti te new add SS?l steer takeelag etd pee Papsrts
62% oldaites afead edj coq beteiage inwiaan saan tej al f& te
sewollot ac etaay faa2tt ow’
wileos oft ,28e@!l ,f enn of SSOL .i vasoest bebweq eat te%
diva joeelS.%o sees seagemd fos yrelal ,S1.SC RS" stow emo kiarigotggs
guitas ef% 0%) $£0, 9888-26. danous y at "Snel ,foxtwo? demi tetealif
temtac® tau’ tel, fl ,asegsqxs Bas wat SEOSIB\ES* Gan , (reey lana?
ot a0L ogi Ltxgd. Sols ey sdt.x07%) ae GY to saucy ects a} q ae el-lEeL
saul satus bobacgee caw 88.901,6¢ so fiatigowges 2iss ty) eet ge oat
a6 SS ISS" anita wames eldaltavs eg pct 00.59 gottibbs xi... eel
~wliesthas’ cisediel .yriaskel deetS te sas tt ,asamegxe ban geltaie®
‘ot .S501 ta@oy.faoetl orfias oad. tcf uc talviG eciadd of batiolia eaw "SSel
we Kee F
experimental work in the eradication of barberry by chemicals. The total
amount of $238,347.32, together with $3,375.00 additional, which was mde
available from funds ag spt allotted to SBETera wlaeser rast work, was
eronite ‘es —. KPOMGeH
n hotbed bo % iy Div! noe 4 Yor the Period
cbs . Gi option of Sarberry by ¢ aft ans6] 20/22
Re Delagine aehbat' of etibter Pa rey ah
1. Field surveys in Northwestern States to die Vernitike
location of dangerous centers of infection . nd to”
. follow the natural advance and establishment of
ng: noloyWaheter: rist’in the tiorthérn area...... 0... cee. eee ee $14,000. 00
2. Field surveys in Oregons) ey). cod. Pee 1,260.00
3. — A ourvéyes in bet theta RE Oke FH ha At ae 3, 350. 00
. at3 es oe Mie ks 5h ese t :
B. Devel jibe: of epohteabove @f Local control.
Ll. Federal. aan in opr th bile can -— Her hwesters
“, Méentene.: BOOM VOLE CPG creed chide pee ei rer P: P ee 3, 360.00
2. Federal Ladi in Oras Ow MOL war ye aig yg & & eke ea 6,860. 00
8s Local control on’state and private Lands in idaho
. two-dollare for°one dollar cooperation between oer
Federal Government and timber: owners. :..5..5..0,6-. “91,895.95
4. Studtedoof Local eoatrol end its ‘éoste tn Galiforiia 16,000, 00
5. Gontrol 'récounaissance and Rives survey, Oregon... . $9259.00
6. Control ie gee gi and’ ‘Rives weryer i ‘Galtfornia iene
“ pew — arene. : DUO OM. pa rece eee dete tese er acees "6,000.00
G. Investandbt wi epery: “Dtvte ion of Vorest ae ap Cah, Pee ai 22,158.00
D. Bxperinental work ‘on chemical eradfention of Ribes and
vel tel om pleinrtgyed in ase seslogy. tte e eee eee e rca weee 36,598.00
gE. Rirdeditinadidveidk © wht es . Aan. FP ME PRE OI Fe Epis oad Pate Be si 6 000. 00
P.. Summarizatiion of ficld data... eececec ee eee deco btitele ees “2,000. 00
G. Mela supervision, mminténance of diettions office, miscel- “
— va caper Pep ink abate t a opg no tayo nt 28,700. 00
KR. sedate seiidietln tit.
1. General control...... toes ae ess okey . 919,710.00
[. Meodipeobogy. AVP ee 800. 00
3.. Departuicht Pegerve.... 0. 006.0. teeta stete'a' en” EOD
4, Bureau reserve. Te vee enevwoevreen eo eereerexnves 1,003. 37
ag Special reserve - deficiency a aantent ins id
Apo enone ; eh SL aa wate te eee se 6 e ae 27,6) 2. BY;
- ene Wiarse™ « wes ‘ nen os i 4 i mes tata ene AGA eR osese - $296,722, 32
From July ‘, 1922 to December a, 1932 the applicable aporo-
priation was "BABE. 14y: Salaries and Exp “ape ‘Purcen of Plant industry,
Blister Rust nage sigs ta hoa Bat % of $208 .000 (for the entire —
Ot. biut. evar cd ie WHS 2 Ca EN
i F "
LIME. Se Hay
75 gs ets oe. weipes h ft Sy cae See es
-
oe)
3
»'gh
||
fiseal year). In addition, 91,500 from the available appropriation
SBSN2R. 2B) SalarteeAna Expenses, Bureau of Plant Industry, Blister Rust
Control, 1932", was allotted to this Division for the entire fiscal yoar
tor expirinentAl work in the eradication of barberry by chemicals.
The ye chan of peiteskore 3 00 yas Bet bel as follows: fone
at mh Caer of. Fegse Bae oft, i
Pathol oz? Yor the Period
i. Batavie« aes nce AAP ea BOT BS
élayine epredé@ of t blister rust.
1. Field surveys in Northwestern States to determine
©. Yoestion of denecrous centers of infection ana:to
follow the naturel advariée “ahd €stablishment of
blister ruet in the northern phan a eae tae $13,283, 52
2, Pield girveys in Oregons... . 0! B. BE OOTS ad a... 79s. 9s © 2 B87. Sa
3. Pield sarveys =, Californie. © 9 es = i es be ; é Pe. ; 6, B64, 10
OREN: SSSSOLaAGE 3 : ¢ PREBLE Fe 24 ‘
B. Development of application of iu py F
gehen Vashington, | ‘Téeho and 1 northwestern” suet OF
Movitens, 2. es PPE, FY. Pe, 4 ivy PRBPE BPRS. ? $e VPP FR need wr hat aah
2. heekteontret an igvats ‘and private taney ae: “Ldahoi* eS y
two dollars for one dollar eooperation between”
Federal Government and timber owners........-..-.- ‘ 35,019. 78
3 Stadies*sflocal control and ite odsts, California’ 5, 302/45
4, Control reéonnatssancte and Rives survey, suger ‘ping: » aeels sed
aArers of Californta. 2: e. Paes eRe oh ek odaa ween we ks 6,282. 37
G. Tuva heporys: “i Division of Porest Patholervoo.s lis 9100500
or Bi
Dd. Bidlevinentit’ eet on chemical eradication of aibes and
batberry «rid e¢01 6¢teal x anne ERs, HEPES. LFHBITOSE. VST. ZEATI AM:
esgisted By Wilier ty %
‘ Edneational work........ ce PD oa oe eager pean 2,918.14
f&.: Strdiee on Seread of the rast ROE. jamace to Fine . #Oy,
r, we rg ve ee: ot thet shah “eh, 2 DFS ho. CPR. Fo. Fe. BSRBS SEETEHQ.0O
a. he HRA * nit
G. Field ‘gperviston, watntenanse a8 Spokane office, mis-_
cellaneous eutnlics. use ae ire. : BER, vee "fester Bias “23,298.07
art Ora, Ave gat 5 aay ot sé by
H. MiseeVlaneods' poe payenrye whewha’ e
k: endrel gant rake. ci0s- iv. wots esa 82, 102500:
2. Wyeolegy... « PEOCARSs. BRE, Pies. & PEBURGS. BPA 00
3. Biiwe@e Wewerve. .....-.0cc0eee> ew acne 2,080. 00
4, Department reserve. ..-. esses ecveees 156.00 .
5. Reserve for impounded balances... oe. HAG 9398" "86, BRS
Petal nil ees hence GG. FOB AL. sie oe PRETEEN Olle whoniyh “gs ‘00
\went during guuaeor ; ¥ ar curin Fe
No major pe RY were ‘aie - re sneiutcnthon of the ‘ot or
the grouping..of the personnel during 1932. Asin the past, the majority
of, tae,» eas were permanently headquartered at Spokane. The fallow-..
ing, 4s, :the jpemmpnent. western personnel who were employed during the period
. 5 we es of
< > ks e . s , ¥ = on
= xe 2
% es) ¢ ben r =
o% . , @ . « uo
= ah bead _ . <> c: her “3 ; = ’
ay . - # ¥) ol = hed ‘ >
3 san : os“ at = ¥ At
e i % i a : o 4 ;
7 ~ “| ity gad os = r = te
a = os es = e ©
~j s ad O 27 sae s
i 4 * >| é
4 3 ,* ¥ # ei
o> en a . bd .
- 3. . as x ‘ sod -
ol is Fee -
: oy 3 7 4
; eit “e ‘
wer
x 2 t
o
° 2
e
2 - x “ < >
covered by this report:
‘L._ Supervisory: |
‘a. In charce of Veatern apap 8. Nv Wrekoff, Senior
Lah main pl
we eration . si aroone mop Asecciaks Patihng ox S,. pasiave nee
&. Rives Bevlocics] Studies, 0. ¥.° Waters, ‘Agent ¢ fait vim sumer
ponte, wie.e, during the i ee. i
BE mats i. Hareia, &. POI : Lact, eae
b. Devel opment of methods of Ribes" etittiecas teat eo, a. iron
- Aseoetate Porest er, aestated’ — M.° Swanson, Agent, ¢. H.
Pohhoon,: Asw0elate Pathologist, aw J. F. Breakey, Agent.
+. “\@. Gooperitive Local Control, Idaho. *C. C. Strong, Associate
Voreatcr, assisted by B. A. Anderson, W. G. Guernsey and H. J.
'. Bertman, Junior’ Foresters; Hl %.- Swanson, Boos —ar ae
arent “Me ke mite. 7? ig teengrtbe aries Pe Geils’: gent
ASSt sto Oy Rees.
<j Bo dprhitve? — Cente. ‘one! eritirok” sicliulaia nial wettioakt
|) Parks, Waghtheton. "6. 0. Stron, Awbocin te” Forester) ageieted
“OO by ML OL RiVey, Junior Forest :
“gs® Sooperative Loeal Control, Oregon. iL. W. Goodding, Asaociate
Serene ge
Re 1%, Gevweablie, of ager
a Gadindae Verdelay: ‘Miller, Agent (resigned Oet. 15, 1932),
Ge aseisted by Waller Cowline, agent. a
t, VERSIE
& Stuites on Spread of the’ Rast snd Damice to Pine. 2H. b. eae
he or Forester, agsisted: by %. Myers, ¥. F. Staat and ¢.
. Saaghaal: eet ? ‘
;. te MOREPGRL sy 2 Gori 0: | 3 Sewer.
hi Experinvental: -Chowteat Brkt cation of Ribes and Barberry. H. 2%.
'. Offord, acent) assisted By ¢. R. mae, Junior Wicroanalyst,
R. P. a@'Urbal, Assistant Chemist, ©. ER. Van Atta, G. EB. Draper,
R. W. Vanee (resigned July 15, 1932), L. 3. Keyser and J. A.
Vogtmann, Agents, and Miss Frances “reenfield, Jumior Slerk-
Stenographer.
i. Summarigation of Field Data. HE. P. Barss, Agent, during simmer
and Collaborator during winter period, assisted by F. FP. Sipe,
Agent during summer and Colleborator during winter period.
*VYor the purpose of coordination and stendardization of the various eradi-
cation projects (b, c,and d) in the Inlend Empire white pine belt, these
were all placed under the supervision of ©. ©. Strong, Associate Forester.
cot
~~
¥
a
i
7 OF
Ke
os
2
vag
Lay
=
2
2. State Leaderat |
Per Montana. e. We Jomnssiay Associate Pathologist. ra
0: Be orlinde Be u. Mobdainn Adhectinve mathseaios. oshated at wise
sarah tam 0 Bites ‘anderson, mane Senha August Bl. 1952).
bp ed Galifornta. . te Root, Aesdéinte Pathologist asniated: by
i project leader ¥. V. Benedict, Assistant Yorester, with his
assistants, T. H. Harris, 8. Blomstrom and D. R. Miller, Junior
Yoresters (reconmissaneé)s F.A. Patty, Asgistent athologist
(Ribes Reology)% stenc#rashic work crane by Mies M. J.
Preitkis, Agent. 9° owe. PLACE ade ee Ae
pe Dherkead work: :
R. ti. chi oS: Me eat .2 ‘aesubea. by. re a Waices, Agent, Wise M. L.
MeWold, Senior Clerk and Pemporary Special Disbursing Agent,
assisted by Mrs. I. M. Jump and Mrs. M. ©. Dowdy, Clerks; Mrs.
Sohy Be Ratt; Clerk, assisted byolirs. i. XK. Anderson, Junior fypist.
Miss.M. V. Lynch, Under Clerk-Typist, Miss €. Ryan, Junior Clerk-
Stenographer, and Miss M, Stor&asli, Junior Stenographer.
ae
eo Hs: na Rave, Gapaeidien ab cisiiaks a) Grae
*e'Drod. Poo Bennett, Berkeley, Californie: shen
“Dr, Carl. G. Bpling, Los Angeles, Geliforaia. :
a ®. Garrett, Salt. Lake City, Utah “.. ay
nn & ODE Bow, Goodspeed, Berkeley, Calhifornia.
a pay Re *Hoarland, Berkeley, California. -« to"
gs ey . Rubert, Moscow, Idaho.
Ptiendiide 7 Tt Collinge, Golerado. . . jana BW,
wae Ss mittee Parker, Missouls, — rill « é ih
— a Py: Stes Soreae tes bia rsh
a
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ego, Dope
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t 22 4 «
fr Saeer 3 F
. r - Sa RE ae «3 eties
* y Z a 4
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at any time by @ written statemapeggo the: .offect BD daye in advance
the date of termination desired,
Blister rust control activities in Montena were continued ag a
cooperative project between thé. Busedd vef Plant Industry and the Montana
Department of Agriculture, theiMentana ‘forestry Demrtient, the Sehool of .
Forestry, University of Montana, the Northern Montane Forestry Association,
Neamt ithe Bidekfoot ProtectivéMdedetationw: There is civen below. ihe
amendment to the basic memofmadwna of whkierstanding which was dram up ‘to
cover the cooperative work for the fiscal year 1933 beginning July 1,
1983: 2S, 1923 ; a Ha. GOO BS La ae
Act. Deon, Sehieo! of Fark atry : or: L¥
June 2, 1993, WiiWii ROS? CONTROL MORK Ie yawRaMlK® bo Cho Hxreement
Marith2 Ce EP a greg
Wetthern Montana Yoreatr
THK UNITED STATES DRPARMUQ A AMBICULIURL. BUKeAU OF PLAN IHLYSTRY,
THM MONTANA STAT® DEPARTMENT OF 1 ae MOWTANA SEAG8 YORUSTRY Deen
Yeb...7. 1933 THE SCHOOL oF wast MONTANA. AND
nada cLon.
© idogpesaitaive Work in Cont#ieh] tmz ' Myton t Pine aa buat, in Montana.
Chief, Bar ‘GSa4 OL «38 1s, yet! e 7% j S Le
ie * *
The undersigned mtunlly agree that the memorandum of understanding |
betreen the United States Depertment of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry,
the Moutana State Department of Agriculture, Montana State Forestry
Department, the School of Forestry, University of Montana and the Northern
Montena Yorestry Association effective July 1, 1927, to continue in effect
until June 20, 1928, shall be continued in full force and effeet in all
its provisions for the fistal year ending Jume 20, 193% with the egecention
of paragraph ¥-6 which shall, ‘be-amended to read as follows:
¥-6. That for the fiscal. year July 1, 1922 to June 30, 1933
the Montana State Department of Agriculture will expend about $4,000.00;
the Montana State Forestry Department about $1,700.00; the School of
¥Yorestry, University of Montane about $300.00; the Northern Montana.
Forestry Association about $1,000.00; the Blackfoot Protective Association,
having been added to this agreement in the amendment for the fiseal year
ending June 30, 1932, will expend about $1,000.00; amd the Federal
Government in behalf of the United States Department of. Agricalture,
Bureau of Plant Industry sbout $3,300.00 in connection with the work
herein provided for.
The undersigned algo mtually agree that this memorandum of
understanding shall take effect July 1, 1932 and continue in effeet until
=~}
rea eumee SHali to moorge ose
O86 BA whe a + ke P6US Hate tue
.
Sagi si tgivites [sutsoo terx todef IE
is gevgted IselLoug evisexeqooo
MoEetG najmov eat ,oued Lositaa to Inomdiaged
by J
etadle wrongtee end. oeuetenils to eilerevial...~itestol
it erek aettsdnoes ay igoatotS: tee tieel& ait San
vai de saw) wibhgetesem stead edt of toombronms
BCi tmeey iponk +. eco 4ob attew, evidemeqe oo. arid. tevae
GS eL
eure, meee ve Cgilau. ee
iO Be LM TBAS. rf sPare | SHAT HOR
a "ah Cae BS
~s ae r
ig eam
} Faaly seyrms > Y Lass sm bensiarehas eAlt
tc ¢somiteerst! sedate baste sdi aeewited
iivedega te Jdmmutoars 0 sdedt anaiaov edd
rifewavin’ ,givestot to fooeded edd ~daemrace’
i. f viet avidpette metiatooess piieetc’ @enstaol
“ay Ife? of Bewobdoows of. [fade .850L-.,.06 envy I[hinw
eet GE a,
Tew EX
ax ' *
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; vias
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oe mc Ea ai Dood
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ire 4 i ¢
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fows 2* ft cs
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: 7,
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re BOSE TOMOm BL ie
Fh 4a a ,
£fini Ioette a? auniia
J orb aeibve teey Lepelt edd sot anokelvetq etf
8 baat of Sebrowe wd aiamaieiate a-% dgerigetaq to
ih. 2aey Lave ft odd -tot-sad?..2-T
j aribtivetena Te tsoariaqed Stale anejaok adi
CON"—els teade joeudasqed yrdpetgot eles enmatmoN odd
#3 ; 00.0080 tueda snradaot be Yiierovial . YIieetot
fs 200,000. f% toeda soltsisoreA yvriewto4
where i taongeTRs uaa ot Bebha meed salvad
1G, ! sods Busgxe fiw ,SkeL ,O& enct gotbae
ail goes | of) Yo Raded ab tesmartevo®
10% a4 Moly ae jaods yvrtecgbel gaat te veotsd
te? Sobiverwy sfoeted
As
pt
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Baik
LOTS OAISTER ALY A TSE REAPER TEN ASAT ETE GAT TAMIA RAE ASIA SE PENTA EN RS be NA tae tee ere :
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
; BLISTER RUST CONTROL
June De 1933, provided thera vier rbot hy terminate the agreement
at any time by a written statemeit ss Ynet effect 2 deys in advance of
the date of termination desired, scac
are i a ROE Se eee
[7] NEW GRASS AREA (Commissioner, Montena-Department of Agriculture)
March 6 9 eae tledge Pi | ee SSS en
habe a » Kot fans Forestry i als aaa
we nee me oneal varanasi
GEREN TENN RET
|
ei
NER ETA EK AEN ARS NR AOR PT NE TN A EE AF Re ARES
APO RANI EO BANE A
mami
SR ER RT ES ACA TR I Ie Tht eae
.
ANNUAL REPORT 1932
C.H,. JOHNSON
i
i
Se eR aa I ee
LAAT A SON ETS IB HE Hw pene Le perenne ROE TR RT nae AOR OR TG SITE EH
hae
&
uf a
~y
¢ *,
” a
-- . at
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weit
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oe
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ee
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Pa
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a
we
REE REELED REAR) A RE
U,S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
BLISTER RUST CONTROL
SAVENAC NURSERY
MONTANA MERIDIAN
<P 40.30
2 40 CHAINS
SCALE
LEGEND
NEW GRASS AREA [ _] NATURAL GRASS AND OPEN BRUSH BRUSH
_ SAVENAC| NURSERY. /
R 30 W
ANNUAL REPORT 1932
C.H. JOHNSON
“Ct. A. Johnson”
Associate Pathologist
~TerRopue ow
x - Rtbes eradication by? meens of brush elimtmtion followed. by
betanifinient of greps #08 to reduce regeneration of Riber which has been
conducted et the Savenec Nursery from 1929-to 1931 wes continued in 1952,
One Man wes @ngired in brush @feposal during the entire seeson and extra
help. Pas ppeperes, for short pertots to-gestst.in the Rites reeredication
end clearing and burning -operetions; In ‘padi tion, another ii sms
aestry Tee in ee boar of — pepors: wae ‘conducted.
tt
DR DANE lees
the Forest Seritor ain thee funis for Shab tity ‘labor for brash
disposal and BMoes reersdicetion and the Division of Blister Rust Control
supervi sed ali BNA VANES he,
' Rats ABAD ORTTOM vy? HA FULL iM. BRS. RRMOWAL veTRODS
this work was divided into two classes. Ribesg reeradication was
conducted, from May 25 to June 11, by & crew of two men on the entire
@rea with the exception of a small acreage where experiments in clearing,
burning and draining by blasting beaver dams were aio In October
the stream type was agein worked by. ont ‘men,
~The work of eliminating. the Ribes through the removal of all.
EY cover Was concentrated.on normally wet sites which occur primeri ly.
|glong upper Savenee,’ Dry and Big Creeks, sfter these aresis: were dreined
the brush was cut ahd efther piled or scattered, All brush cut during the
period.of early.day.to about. the middle of sugust was burned in September,
AvgufficLent number of men with fire tools, power pump and hose and
isnepseck tanky with pumpe were on the job during the burning operetion,
PRS fre RD. F Ne SSS a :
co ee 4 cere hen ae . Pian sete aeeten ate wine bcnend eelhiesaeeancs seni fs ap
se See Pye a 4 on %
:* f WR Me an Cag
10
TABLE HO. ]
pus eeabrthrs
+, 570 ad of live stem removeds:
“Ohly Ribes pullea duribe the early spring are shown in the above
table, Wo figures &re tepherune for Ribew removed in confinctt on with
brush dain sied me to the fact 4 @ chee
nai ture sb n bs 8 rife jes
Special Experiment s|
| Dretnsge and |
ZCI BE TrSevor — OL
RES ms x2 os
Sr eA ac a RE apn Ren ene
coon ny ‘pata from Forest Service aliohmat, <0 /
11
a
c £ a
: f AR
Ben cobin
S Sex
2 oe: area yepate ~ om a
7" “ . " a
wes
4
Ce RRO cat SE a0 [85 * eee
pares a rs se . SRAM ITA 6 A en 8 RNR
it
Sere (seit. Sows mmmarin apne pimyae- le Hine mealies
} ’
—m eee ee e
eosrtey Ens ame wo nmeleis
aA
PY» Ss SORES. Gigs, Ab 7% ee 2G: t 32 3 #2) ia otek ¥
BW TLE 2 -bayouty gedit sidaek lana ens aay ft)
;
ah 4
a henner
cis : } Y
es = 3a . be PA
chi - jeter mB
ce * . e by
on ie } Pike
feu @ pee Macla v ted hehe TS. F Le Ky
. eo ibe in Sek tO PN a oN rte: ale AS ee
orn ae oe EN FO DTT Des PD CON ferret: a Di aU i 5 ORS Hoe ONE?
a %
~ : ee cane Abe gi syle cleanin eat toe pO nasenteetpa
3 “a ais ey
Sy Bess
nee
|
apy a Oe ee ee ane
bo weed goetual 32, |
; ae. 00 68)..9.. ipeegolous. Ja eeee |
CLS ED ae ,
oS a : Ren. Saadopi
:
:
5 ; he #1 f ¢ |
‘ i i ASTRA |
mth abek. > eh ciaalleabaonnadiatomst Sd
e , {
6 cn atu-ormbnaememig@ebia Segue a
“i iit Aoi. scacosetetinaitonnbiveaiatimelanennnonieeibol #28 Lee pdupe yoo |
} bess
eae ae nn ee Te a sane sesame
} cade op eee
Lia acorns css mest aa animus entire arena Patent
r10" t blag 86 ,CO8S
gue Prat yee atl My
btu ait dh SOUR Pe ee:
“i Cs ve a tere sre th
Conclusion it Meld i Aine Naot ny SO A
The last of the dangerous, brush patches has been removed,
Scattered brush piles remain), bpbya, thorough search wes eonducted in
these places andthe Ribes were removed, A heavy germination of seedlings
is expectéd om a stmil-erea; along Dry Creek, where, L. petiolare wee .
hende pulled: and: the: brush, wes, removed, . The, potential supply of. Ribes
valong the:mpjor drainages, bes,Jargely been, destroyed as © resull of
periodic burning, sowing of grass seed and the continuous removal of
seedLingssy It: is-now possible, for the first. time to report that Ribes
eradication: has. been conducted to. the gutside limits of the protection zone
around Savenac Nursery. q
4 é oe 4 »¥s
a BOLE BLFRLy AD
rite
a
; co & high, degree. of,, sapitetion has been achieved throwh brush
removal which has been
followed by seeding. This condition can be easily
maintained. - During the past season jocel renchers cut ¢rese for winter
feed from end. which, was. formerly occupied by brush élong Big Creek,
upper Sevenac and the upper St. Hegis, Additional acreece for pasture was
fenged along the St, Reta RICE. once ty gamvies: 207
Whe ‘checking reports for upper Savenac and Dry Creeks ere
not encouraging due to the fact thet the checks were mede in July while
_ brush removal was not coi leted “until October 15." The ext icheck should
Mungré nearly feprésént the true condition at present, “©” )
See eee EXPERIMEMTAL WORK
Distribution, ty. tvpee, af Mas eh tied x
ae ¥; ipety we
oa es Bora
PARE NS
& vy, Sy ;
bt baled: Oe +
Purpose: ‘The elimination of brush and B. petiolare froma wet
site
Bigeereuiion. TOR SS Ek ee ee PSN ee eee Mee
Method: All brush was cut, piled and immediately burned, A
s0gzy soil condition,.caused by..the creek running underground, was remedied
by draining the water on the area into the creek where it appeared at the
surface farther beloy. |\Following the burming of: the brush grace seed
of the Reed canary and-redtop...species was sown in the ashes, ‘hen the
Ee pushes ppt ry there was considerable “disturbance of the
ground which provided better conditis
Ren af Re Oe en ROE” en a
The greater portion of the live, stem, Or 9,770 feet was
eradicated vets re.dyne 5 although fibes eradicetion wag continued at
intervals, In,§ eptember a good stand of Reed Cétaty Spa redtop grass was
i ite ; , ay
Pee & aE ee hae 4 at eS
PL at nl RAD OER § Hae, monte ere) ely Vein Be AE eR
ee
ns for the e atebli shment of grass,
ig .s ‘ ae " Ps = ~
WN, Lap lg MORE AR Hy SB ERIN ot SEPT MGT LOIRE AORTA SBE IS
5 isle iA MENTO IR: sins icin oy
ke .
re
»
on Fay
4
2
“ “
; re
e<€
ey gaat vane
v 4 we
x
4 ; ;
ne ae 2
4
,
hm
2 ay
Pr teey i
a5 FS
‘ad
- a
*y
a
titre se
"ec
ore
; ¢
*
a5 .4
et ne b
wee fn
“CHECKING APTIR RIBES MHADICATION ow THE
VENAC NURSERY SHOTECTION AREA, HAUGAN, MONTANA
By
E. Lb Lb o Sey:
if Bier 3 Torester
i
mil aie a piles sleet 4s the ninteune oa pe within the aetna tion
area eround Savense- Nursery wes-inepected,- "A small amount of checking on
hs three we vid arpinages: mhowed: Ri bes: in she: stream type as follows:
a wv i eeveiee treek; apevene: to the nursery) a eeres in srinol es:
Mis fier a feet of- sai i sten- acne aaa at Ok Ga ta
aoe Be ‘Ste hezis Biwers, belens the nursery 1.04 ecres- in 1 nesyleni
cemamumates 99.66 feewwot live eten per. secre. ~ basi ah si
, otf si i IR A aE BI ye Ek ae es hg aa
Ble creek, cn -end;- 1.0 ‘acre tin. sonvies: 255.6 feet vot :
omega me so pees 4p tia laste rere tl lsinas a ots hi re ee soy ane Sete reso Te Fo
4. ‘Big Sheek,” piper: awk 0.388 acres in samples; 207.4 feet of .
live stem per acre, ets PN ee
Dering the period June 29 to July. 5 the entire ecreage of the
protection area wat checked, the uplend @ per cent and tie stream type 4 per
ceat,. ihe atreae type had been reworked in —_ a this check,
Distrdbution,. wy ‘ype, 0 of ne serene mitt ‘the protection | aetaars :
is. a ee megan 5 a ee EGOS ea ee RS A, owe pes oP) Ft S.
> > al
» i! ”
“s ¥3 ay 3s : 4
. * > . Le
‘ é *
* > xh > ty . sia J
ai << +3 F » n = e..) Sid
# “ * « . ¥ “it “ |
aay ty 28 - ~ ‘ 6 4
te boa . } “ » &
e a oS G at et oe ry H Yt ‘S
. Bes ae <i . ; a | “;
i - . ~~ = 5 BB . ‘ {
} 2 5 ; = t a] ha 3 as 2 ‘ as i ‘ :
. wm . Ps nf a poe , oy ‘
tow + a 4 H ‘ He Ak ‘ D :
F = sy 4 * nn a a *
; %- =] y me & Se ae :
f Py ° + > ea g ‘ Ld - : FY
: f= . we oh . ‘ 4 * ¥ .
* at * + * -
Ly “& o U : i
, é ral od ¥ r
oe ind s ae . = 4 i
os » ~ . e + ‘
> & os 9 , ‘ ~* ‘
wh é im r fe z $ % ne a 4 :
_ a OF ; | &
c e : z 2 4 J A ;
j ; ae — : ‘ ‘ ;
x t Fs it, M :
i ; _
‘ “ ‘ C ‘ Ts i
& is + : t ; - a ees _
‘ ° t ust i ;
- f J . ? ee | j
é ‘ : ¢
. * “ , ; ~ .
« Toke 4) * ’
“5 t
ps cu i x7
, 44 ee He «
N ‘
“ A car ; F > ‘ é
Pha
ma In Sablestia..2 ‘and Ho... é the suuaries of the. checking némlie
‘are aa
ee en ene Se a nme nme Ateneo aie
ort ps4 bh Baa
wep feernrrueerse TTnbras Hare eee ce ee
a
oo a SS Abate Sd Bishes |7,1, 5. avenge |i, 1,
oe '3 | ee 6 Bu: abe, 5. |
gi ete «rua “Hert Petre
a .
Mehes Crpeky o Taek oF Sy E
~RIBEY PER AGRE BASED on 4 PER CAN CHECK 0 OF STREAM TYPE
nec tame —elian eenaaneanns en hati aadaiatesnhiandanclinripianmciesttinlanias tion saan
i ore tice Saas P Pet sere
Sociale | tune "| actantive Lal ipecies |
{River ret hile, 235. 26 .
| bbeer StuRegiv}iscr fay:
[River (1! mile) }103,5
(ee a
Lower Savensec |
Ae | 428.0
_|Dpper Sevenae |
{44
=
sas
-
aad
? so4% pat te so ilteumert? sdf... 08 bao w .pheeldeal «
atiW*¥ons ets
3 ae in me ag ritnesnera) Gioteraaioie sinensis ‘ h ay Se *4
; = aide we $9508 | i
48288: 6 ad a im se EJoCI Ol ery 9% i.
ara mH a ion Seid — Sante
HE ce Sasa cletnasecicn oe Wks
i
ABS Ae en ts ee Bh ee a ae elle More ape rp dione
OR. A Ee, COB a eae sa Aige2 4 Fh RK CaN ae we ins Riera ener |S te
. Lb alee ah Bell Lok 1 O50l | GO Re | age
at, : ~ atte ns iui KB ee Pon trie {ips dines wie de: id. Le a acai ae Be eine einen wd lt 4 Babee
whee iS ed shih exces asus chi 5 inthe sasrmartacless: vere re ATS kiko ees vomamh |
) \ SO lesant | Bet, 8) Bog yk ELA)
ry ee URE iC OY OS EN
Sas erik we wor pie ge vel
4 | om dace | : ea
‘ Abst sodav® | 68 lA goden 233
a
| } j "oe peers
nS be “OE Sod oi | 8.0. ince fia 1) sev is |
it
i alged se ta¥O.|
Prout vat on J nk Ie 9 “ i 2 Lniegimntntabiat ray ae hemceectihioneeds j nab DR Lalotaipae Rae vs 20 naw: tenn eee wei geben = oy 16 |
' 4
SS ee a) Oe eee ae <n ~1at Hoenn enn ad is oe. esi ES
; i Qamarak Tewa.l
A P a i Fa Sis : . : ee Ba) ie Ea aR eee teem is. a iS, tat. loge iatte. £) 20970!
i ; j jaws, | Semewwe teqat)|
BER LOGE 18S Be iduare io ne, $. chctk ce jolt 1) seord)
Li
A. sa scars RMP inion tBind.. nats Shia 1 Moe A eR ak ett a eae al
KY Sua beat lou
aS 0a do eee td Aood|
:
aos es
i } Bees ;
: As, vb. sts oe Bk SUEY i Pir eer ee Saad,
j i } H
aS ary Es tl sr aise eee OEY at J
i j aa fla}
cw
jEadS jth LEB 1 Be8 IB Ble) oeet motte |
= erent
: a | Sinks
wean,
to stream type. SCOUTING FoR 3i) ShK
8, With, dee, feet,of Live atem,per pore end wee 01d Quehes, witha 11.7
That there is a very infrequent occurrence of Ribes in the
uplend except in the Brush and Meadow types is shown in Table No. z,
In all cases the portions of these types coe aibes are contiguous
ae a Aiacsvieie Waa
4")
Table No. & reveals thet of A @rees of stream type within
the protection limits, 4, containimg«7é:pem ent of the totel acreage of
this type, had been worked to less then 50 feet of live stem per acre. On
ong of these nonMiver were found,:. Gne other. S showed an average of &, 7
toanan m totelof J4.5 iti ves with dS.@ feet of Mve stew geramcres ° Zhis
als
feet. Th .
Seedling had. Of £Qot of live stem and the ies bush 4.2
indicates thrt Ribes eredication on these areas has succeeded
in reducing the athbem bopulation to few singed] dmsher>per: daitiines: Of 6 ei ‘2
two regione
two small unworked stream type sreas of which a part of each is
within the border of the mide-wide pro tectiiom eres Were Bisco check dai” -*
These. eres; denen ont McGee:Creeks, support Ribes on the lower portion
as follows:
3.
Lie es
Of westera Hontene, Thase eases
cosmia River and the Deer Greek, Gol
vVGee F aon be 7G
t; -Bangeni Gr eek, ' fdreti®trchains containing 0.6 of an acre; 12. «92 feat:
of live stem per acre, hee
Ho evidence of infection was found.on white pine, wud ligat ar
soutGees Creek,cfirst S0rehbins* containdiay: 1. G:eches; 924,547 Peet! oF ayer”
Stem ptreabte.Pecis iver near the Savenee Nureery,
involved; > prébebly 12 t6°U5 Beres, “{s' #o"s
WOULANHS KE EPck Es
Bechusecthese! border’ line concen iFetton® sre £5" neevy) ‘Tt? sens
advisable to Pebove: then ee en Pad ed feet wee
‘thie toter ‘acrénge™
: : 11 thes thé erdcication task”
However the behneft t8 "derived weld be imueasurable
if leaving these concentrations resulted in fpread of the rust to. the
nursery which, #8 shown by our studies et Cheekye, B. C., looms as e strong
possibility. Another adventage which is importent is that by removing all
the Mibes from the entire length of these short Streams, the source of
Ribes seed would be destroyed.
follows:
COSTS
Checking costs for the Savenac Nursery protection area were ae
WRLOTL OM. ono s ciao side vee a $1206.78
Transportation Zxpenses.. 6.44
Camp Subsistence........ 2 0080
Total (charged to pro-
ject 4.2)........«$168,02
Checking cost per ecre,$156.0z.... $036
4,581.8
15
3
4i of weal to aaservepoo Jnernetiat yrev « @f areas Jacl
Baldsl wf sw aauyt vobes Sas decrG ad? at $qeons boalgs
stoi tiénag S¢a abdts walslegios esr7s ememt eo anot Stoq @Aj sekao [fe al
org? maets B62
oie eget mest eseta Sate Ya ded slgevet € ,oW afdal
namanos Loscl eff te taeg tog OY gatatedooo .@ ,adimti acttestoxy oi2
ite way wate opti Yo Geet Cl aad? sael or Dettow med bal ,egyd aids
*,2 to @ sere ee bewodte GS ~sdie eff .bawolt stew sed om esed? to emo
* if wtte aacneod Ofe 8.6 Aew sto 4eq mete ert te vest aye détw egeisiges
syct joven veg aet@ srif to Jeet -e.6h atte sedi: G.8f Yo Lato? « to est
Ss can Afo odd Bow hate ovil ‘xo toot «te 3.0" ‘bat pal ldeee ope teva eas
Agbeogace Bad Bakers osedt Ah nobbest how aed tesdame wed apibet - pret eest
sores Ted we fend higae wet “sod gah “asseh ages ssid annie ed nt
ayy
aD ra
to tag 9 aot to Rg tD Sieh: “gets bestoene Fina pea beet
ateads oale stow gots solieed ow obiw-ed ke eat tooreptod per rere
WOkTL OY GI¥OL OAs fo eds sroqquR ‘pulgetisetol Dey Raauall ano bao ST
ts ame Fok mune tewal Lok. a3
feat 05,80 potas aac toS.. satakadnes rabatin ‘eee genty. Ligands pelea i
sSTSe tog mess evif to
,@s ~aetos &.f aatniasgace sateto GE Jexufi fast sevow
: Poh ie. A Ai —eiIog Teg were
fone
sugea 31, Wath of 9%y ascléaay season oat mebrod séec3 eaygoeh
saqo tag Letotieadi: weedeat wietes fobbs aa ss aps ov OM13'E ad ‘eldaatvbs
deo) cobiguihets eat dant thane ee eis gebadsea Gf of SL yldadorq .bavfownt
sidaweceseh. sd hivew, bevictely ed fteued. oc, (tevewDR ataetg od) dom, blapw
sad of dant odd to, baotge af bedivaes apolhiaténsonos: orga , grivasd af
ENDER G Be BCOE ew A. ,otiea dd rape eeibusye wo. qd pega Ra, eB SEY. Yio atern
th anivemet yd dadd 7f, Jandvogms at pote epeticevis Tedd Dit « yal Ligtesog
4 eonses ane ,aanetds dour ‘emedd to dtgsel ethos ride nen: kod Beat
ake coutHe S ad, bivew hana nods
é
£8809 |
Be et in sOrined og was rer 235 sievae © eas tot waco wtoeds “gu |
: a be :anoLio®
Ge Qed (Bis win a+ de anal ne a ; ov r 7
HH 8 Re cr rs Go FSi togaaart Sear MRT een,
03 05 ns .....e@nete lade? Guay | pose ieataahey
pa Ge “Sagrsds } taror i ; LPs. AUR bebe fe BS 4
ta) el G0 ARO » oes? Fae,
Bees * Se
OE) 8 2 cee MEE etsy 94 eis ga hioes |
a £68; * a: ell
poy
mat 6 BH, Johnson
Adtecinte sins esl, et
Seduting tn northwestern hieat ath wes conducted at intervals from
‘@arly spring until the close of the seasom, Several members of the
Spokane. office assisted in the early scouting which wae concentreted in
the region of the Savenac Nursery,
In general, scouting on both vines and Ribes wae performed in
two regions of western Montene. These were?
1, the st, Regis River and re tributaries from St. Hegis, Montane
west to the Idaho state boundary.
2. The Missoula River and the Deer Creek, Gold Creek and Blackfoot
tributeries of thet river,
hs CibRSa DAME NE AF ad ag P5URE 08 We pine, but light and
scattered infections were found on Ribes in the Dry and Big Creek tributaries
of the St. Regis River near the Savenac Hureery,
Infection found since 1929 on Ribes was light and seems to
bear out that either spores are blowing in from the adjoining St. Joe
Yorest, or a light focal point of infection may exist at higher elevations
somewhere in the general region of Savenac Nursery,
16
sels RE Senet
anaii be wexfeormned vy “work Lure st “jae seh
a RT e 4
“Blister rust control activities in Idaho were continued as a
cooperative, tie eg between the Bureau of Plant Industry end the Idaho
State f PaeR 2 : ture. the Idaho State Land Board, ‘the Tdaho
State. Bi of orestry, “the University of Idaho, the Clearwater Timber’
tive Association the Potlateh Timber Protective Agsoe3ation, the
Protec Aes ee Protedtive Association, the Pend Oreille Mmber
protective mmuceenes. © and the Priest Lake Timber Protettive Association.
“ 2%
Shay
MESORUOEROE ste) memorandum, effective guy r “7931 and to remain in
effect indefinitely, is shown in the 1931 annus Feport. There are civen
below the amendments to the memorandum of Wane svabting to cover the work
in. Jdaho during the fiseal year 1933.
AMENDMENT DMENE TO. ov
MEMORANDUM 0 OF PaTIortenty
Effective April 1, 194
Between
THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY
it yey
= nae. § se ie
IE) SAD ty
STATE LAND DEPARTMENT, STATE OF IDAHO
Cooperative Work in Controlling White Pine Blister Rust in Idsho.
ee ©
The undersigned mtually agree that the memorandum of understand~
ing between the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant
Industry, and the State Land Department, State of Idaho effective April
1, 1931, to continue in effect until March G1, 1932, shall be continued
fin full force and effect in all its provisions for the we riod April 1, 1932,
to Mareh 21, 19233, with the exception of paragraphs B-5, Cel and D,
which shall be amended to read &s follows:
BeS. For the period April 1, 1932, to March 31, 1933, the Federal
Government in behalf of the United States Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Plant Industry will expend about $14,200.00 in connection with
the work herein provided for,
C-1. Bxpend about $6,000.00 upon this cooperative project for
the period April 1, 1932, to March Zl, 1933. This contribution to be paid
into the Treasury of the United States, in such installments and at such
times as the Bureeu of Plant Industry considers necessary for the proper
proeecution of the work, and to be disbursed by the properly authorized
officials of the Bureau of Plant Industry.
CLAGl AT AAOW JowraeD CRUA AepeTam
eres apiece
SB ex Senntines wre ofaSl af gatt fridge Lotinop tear setet ld
onsil sce or2 eteusbeed justi to waete#t edd meewted toetoig ertteteqoos
oes af? ,ctsod jogd eded? oaebt eff ,oum lwolagéA te tnomitaqed edatt
tedmi? teyectseLD ee ,odebl te wietevial wd? eyettestel to brsol otaté
ett 5 0 fiatookah avliseido (. todmt? davalios edt ,seoltiatoorsaA syites¢est
seduts ellistO Sas eit ,settelooesA evizestetl wsdaf? em {Alb sve0d
weiseiooneds evlt@etats tedakt oted tasttS edd bag exoktainosas. ayiiovies4
al gtomer ef bag 1291 ,f yin aviseeTie .maghaetomem [arenes efT
vin atm ated! .atecot levame J6tl edd gt oeode ef jsyletiaitehal dostte
Stow elf teveo of sofoeadetssag To axboatemem odd of et asmbnems ed? woled
O2!l racy laoelt ad? sateeh qfabI xf
OF Pia i,
Ok er nen emcee came Len ON
“oN en MUGB AES bia St
Bet Lf. poieg or peameaas
avi od.
PREGA Tals SO Vea | AgUEAUD La, ig, eau tAwiEs
: aed. BBS
CHAGE UO MBate. , PM PAMET Glad Mate
e8eh2 sf gaxh tadafid ent’ et idW anbilotiaed. at alrow poa-rnp ahgede
0.8 @
wiedereSsy to aubastomer ety jadd eoras yllestom benatsishaxr adT
framed Yo sasiwh ,siotlooiané to dnomttaged estad2 bedial edi asewied gat
Iiteds evitostts otehi to atas® ,seomdtaqesd baed eteI2 add bas .ytsewbal
Reneld¢sos ad fists .<ESOLl {8 dexrsk titar tee tte al eontiaos of eer .f
Ci ai Itee4s Bokt ay oft tO eaokatvour att [Ie m2 toette bas eoret [Int at
2 Bee [ed ,3-+-d edostaetag to soticeoxe edd ditw fof 218 doran of
ries Lio’ x bao of bobxomm sd [lade doidw
ef
farebeT odd SES! 1S dowel ot ,SSOL .t Lbrga bobtveo add rot ef
so1GiowicaA ke grométaye= sedat® botia env to tieded al jesmarevod
ithe sotioennos st 0 6 .0¢ S.SI4 good@ baocxre [Lio extewbel daelt to weet
stot bebiva my ateted straw eda
29% goo Le “eq eviieicgsoo stds goge 00,000,308 teode boege .[-9
Bier od ef goftedmPranes 22ht Ber git pret ed ,@89f .f Iliad hotteg odds
fore 3G bes etmomliocen! doee af «aotade betiet eff te vrereasvd odd otat
teqoty wisy tet Yiseesosg rrehiacoo yxtadial deel te meewl edd ee aemtd
Senivediaa yiteqote ais yd mased af of bee ,grow sdé to aobtusseotg
ridesiel gael to caeted odd Te alabortto
|
|
|
|
D. For the. period stated above, this cooperative control work
shall be performed rer: aunt he 12 anf@ 11, in the vicinity of Priest
soon ae Pan ts
y eh: ot ae. Sak tt Stet Hg
the andere lrnad kan aire heres “that” ‘this Siotanion ‘shall
take effect April 1, 1932, ‘and Gontinue in effect util March 31, 1922,
provided that either party may terminate the agreement at any time by «
written «tatement. to, that effeet 30. days in advance of the date of
termination desired.
marine Netanns 22. WR | Re cm ce
Then 4: ie: , Btete Land Departsens, State.
Lome me bt
ateand? ne babeess be BOSSRBE Seakhas ex - Of, iets i jackin: an
PRast iwminctyy. acd. the ti :
Bho Meee Fess ams Li pete ei
oma for o¢ (GQhfef. Muresan of: Plant Tas =y.
yi Bk Ral B Be S.. Re.’ Piers 26
PBA CLT eet an Bok BES
~
9 b ieee a ye
a @ a 8 Cay p we Bove ‘i o
=e De % ar \ I ae > aa
S rs
~ - tae ~
ea 2
i ig 7 ra ‘: v2
e 2. 4
P : fk ns
a mei Se “he ve 4
Ox Rekhodse 7 ee ,
7
LOehnG.
af foot $
ee ee % gp rtiriey WI? OS GA Bo ae As ee
ie aot ra syn | “*
CBO peri o@eApril. 1. ites ta. Ns 8 Bree he
e3 ‘ Aes t ?
ne Ge. Wawa: a a Sere h & de a
basin a a
Whe dian oy r ate Rey Pe t. per. ae
5S >» We mgt wb op
eave “ » 9 SO me ? * | 5 ~
meant io tha peehes & fe :
@ eta
SS. * aan ‘ 5 cae +. o
4 " 5 A
ft a¥ PPE ‘ i
wy Pz . oe we ss) “ss
itis gS 5 ) :
Nahe tt 2 “ 6
oy tk 19 escite bolted efs sot .o
- my iff Bea SS eiiow antabrow af Secrretron ad [lade
pe toe: 2 Sale al
tay os vilextim oelea botateteiry off
Pe « - 3 eee f at ‘edt tos bes sooeL ol "ae isotts extss
iremeoyaa odd ad offense T vem yseteg tetts Jadi Bebiyo we
te Soneyhe ot 2 aa Gf teetie tedt of Sragidt ad Heesixw
ettzel nofs artured
- - oa s (& % i Ss HO gia of in 1SkXS &,
4 abel” teed 28 et
a ; 1 ER
ey uaIVad Tce tows
Cooperative Workin, Controlling White Pine Blister Lust in Idaho.
* e ®
fhe undersigued mutually agree that the memorandum of under-
standing between the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Plant Iudustry, and the University of Ideho effective April 1, ‘TSS, to
Continue in-effect until March 31, 1932, shall be continued in full foree
oud contest: in-all ite provistous. tor, the. period April 1, 1932 to Hareh.
a swith the exception, af L mabe B38, G5 and D-3, which phall
4 to: read as: follows.
Re2, For the periga April 1, 1932 to March SL, 1983. the, Federal
Governmeat in behalf of bag United States Dépariment of Agriculture, .
Bureau of Plant industry will expend about 411,900.00 im the devel opment
ofrmethods: of blister rust control suitable to forest eonditions in north
Idaho.
Gaby: aol pene 44,000. 0g: upon. this, ace RTe TREES, Hare for e"
the + porto doris; hai Aes. bead Merch He: 19386... :
yes 2-3 ‘That: thie: mmorendun of. waderstanding pned 2. take 8 spe:
apean: ‘aye 1932: and) continue in effect until Merch 31, 1933, provided that
either marty may terminate the agreement at any time by a written state-
ment to this effect ® Says in eavanee: of, the date of termination desired.
J rk SOPTS, ot: .2a La. tex ee ity
Ree. _2..19m2 a ies ih ik sadist ci wth dina hi natin)
PS, Tipe fs 2 eens Tans esis gi
: Ohiet a Saree: of Plant. Intuavan. Ge ee D A.
vx ee ee eS tie & id
Hts, AP Sigh, COTS Se EBB Sk ESA
ce4 _ a a
i! MO BUCBAR Mex "
ee! .f Lingh evliaets? ie ad f
pesaied
YTS CRASS “et sat EGE Tue. a BBS wh JOULE a0 eA amrave “cag Tu aut
Tyme sO Peel Me Ue ye
St “iigawvay
pees B® te mi tasatié sais et hae set Efordno® at x0 ovtgaragesd
x * ay
~tehen to mibaatomest oft add sete yilertum Derslersbar ed
to sae ,etutluntredA To teemiseqed sedet& betieU edd seswied satbnrate
of JOOL .f Ltacd avtgssY¥ta adabl to yletevicl edd bas ,yrdewbsal saalS
swte% List of Bsuntitwes od Slade ,S8OL . IS dowel [fiaw tacTte wi oumilsnos
deytee ot SSCL .,f fhagaé bo Eten aid ~ct esofatvorg et f Ife mit tootte Snes
ifade dota ,-€ sax GQ. haf 2 AQuerSat Say to gnokdceoxe aff diiw ,deef ,&
tewolfet ae Beot of Sebmema ad
favebet edd GEOL te mowett of8 SECL of fig Dobteq eit 1091 Sof,
nomiteem! seiad? beatin adi to Banded af geommerevo?
pmo Soveab oe + gt 00,008,151 teods Baegeo [ite wriechal tasi to waste.
dives of woolitoaco testo: of elfdatisze Lotines Jeox teteafid to abodtem te
,onebT
watery bP agey poy: Me, de $e
X02 foetorg avitversgoos eid mogy 00.000,)) Juode Aregqzl GD
Sael «ff dotaM ot SSCL ,f fiugd Sbotieg odd
soatte oxatd Ifede ve bonadeteiae to aebeetemem gidt gad¥ .o-i
$mxizg hebivotce 2290!) .f6 dota fting tostte af enniiaes bas SEC ,f Tits
~$jate satvieon o yt eold yea 2a teomeevza oft otantorte? yam yay tentio
eriesbh pottantervet ‘io eiah oft to seaevhbea af eyab C6 Inet te dat of tmem
ron, cdsspeias cM RTI OSE Serl .2 sae
wadias i te usiexevial
sinennenitrsaponpa iinen sive sie cloenyinorenieidicssn:ti so al Sef .BS .9eG
At tf .U ,eetaobal gerald 36 oéengs& . tetas
MENDMENE LO.
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSRANDING
ee “
UR, _ BUBEAD ae Fs ames TNOUSTRY
Ne Aleta
THR UWI Aras 1
ACN a
Bat A ahd oly oat
Ser GERADAAE DR RASR EE Reaaa SG $BSO0 iano
Cooperative Work in Controlling White Pine Blister Sust in Idaho.
* 2
The undersigned mitually agree that the memorandum of under-
standing between the United States Department of Agritultmre, Buresu of
Plant Industry, andthe Clesrwater Tabor Protective Acee@ietion effertive
April 1,:193L, to -contitue in effect until Mareh 21; 1932, shall be
continued inefull foree and effect in all“ite provistons for the period ©
April 15°1932,°to March’ 3), °1933, with the: “Sxeeption of: paragraphs” B25,
Gel atid: Ds wg ager par be enondot rye pane “ae” follows:
WhiGAaA ai sencek So sd
“BS. For the serial keel 1, 1932, to March G1, 1934, the Federal
everenentt ‘dd. béhal fof “the United states Devartmont ‘of Agriculture,
Bureau of Plant Industry will ee mens t #193800: in pgerar P With the
mes: sneeei aim avideds sors wali
ren Seced eet “plo, 000.00 upon this cooperative project for
the period Aprileds 2928,cto March Sh, 1932:° ‘this ‘eontribution to be paid
into the freasgury of the United States, in such imetallments end at such
times ag the Gureau of Plant Industry considers decessary for the proper
prosecution of the work and to be disbursed: ‘by: ‘the es ma ther 2468
HeeetaA af the ARAM of Plant capepechih
D. Yor the sauney stated ahere this cooperative control work
shall be carn et on wot maxi ae apna ite 4 ane. ate
Si
ee “ike. ‘enlavtiansa mies rosttandckde agree that nies saetiine tsulinst! shat
tale. effect April 1, 1932,,.and Gontinue -in effect until Mereh HM, 1922,
provided . (that, either party my terminate the agreement ut any tiie bya
Ane cor ho Abnt.effect 3S. days in advance of the date of termina-
on desire
LEACAS BOG
St , Ose 4 vedbilai Atanas ceaeakdentivatton os
the Treneurr of the United Ghaepwmter a hagheth vies,
£2 the Berce Mm FZaRs 2s : a Ke 5
ApEL122 61983 ne ped ¢ No, Ae: Baylor, the. gx parent.
«Ghief, Bursa “of risks Takastcr. | u. * B A.
TRIS Peers OM
ea
ROTBALOC ABA F AVECORTORS oes fixawaanay
ages? of s24% tetekLS oak o98AW peti forded? af stot av Hateqdeo”
” * os
wteba ‘to sebeatoagn oud tant onme semmy of Laird rte bengletohun ad®
to ussist «: ecg Heth te ig seghie Badin sat ssewied anthaete
svidaeite tofivsioouad ovisaedoxt ‘tedmtT ‘etaytaots odd bas ,yrtesinl deals
i [fade ,fS0f {8 dovelt Ittmy iaette at suthtito’ ot (Teel Vi Tbrga
gale and 10% eaclefrow ad? (Te af goete: bua eorot (int at basntdnon
a= Tiqarsine to Ac ttge 2929 odd athe’ *ouer ae fore ot {S8Oh Tt five
tewe lot as beet of Sebnens ad LTate dotdw ,@ Srv Led
fersho’ sit .889f ib dora of SSO! 41. Lites Kotwe oti tot .6-8
,oted Looiwes To. tus “syed asiade horted ant to }tedod wet tomaned
ads tte aotdssancs ok 08. Bre iwods wos Tite qtevtnl Gnefi to wee
| Veet bebiwo a — ies
xe% doatoww evidategoce eldd moqs 00 000, 01% tecda Baegxrd .[-0
bhag ed of Ho ttsdiatae 5 etd? e808 . fe dotelt of vr gi af pin sain ang
gove va brs 2) 20 wl acest dose iret setadé ‘bed inll edt Yo yroanet? 6 ae ott
racouy wid tot vreapsced etebLanos yttashal tealt te usetsk edd es eonld
box ries d ps “iran od yd beemsde FR od 02 Bas dow alt Yo. so Linuosactg
eke bipuertg ~ arcane ane: fone pg
» forines seritaisqobo efad _ovede hutate eerie atts am 3 e ‘
Of fae & gf et bor antsliow mf ao sender of iad
flede : gle vise aids tact sotge eikiicitars wal bow aiers baer oft
ide ot a weet Idder ¢ostke ai opatioon fas SbCl ,f Ibagh goette salad
aod ek: eae fa ¢rempetae ald obentuctos yom: ercaer ucsld to tad? bebivetg
~mtneres “Le stab a0? % Sonewba nt oenh OS ssoYte gait ov Smemesade neddiaw
bertesh aokt
tides sina econ igobives _eeppmbi stg... Pa | Seek ef Liacé
Mobimioewed “evitostors tedat? reserreld
his ec ore ccna SOLES, ht aE S8ef,S8 Lirga
wb 2 08 OY .pedaniel tealS Yo seen , 7 ido
eS
AMENDMENT TO
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
| defective Apri} 2.1281 |
ei St Soy ee
: eng Work in Controlling ‘White Pine Blister Rust in Idaho.
se
ch 8 CR +
_. he undersigned mitually agree that the memorandum of under-
standing between the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Plant Industry, Potlatch Forests, Inc., Milwaukee Land Company and the
State Land Department of the State of Idaho effective April 1, 1921, to
continue in effect until] March 21,1932, shall be continued in full force
and effect in all its provisions for the period April 1, 1932 to Mareh
41, 1933, with the exception of paragraphs ass C-1, ets B-] and F,
which shall be amended to read as follows; ... >
B-S. For the period April 1, 1932, to March 31, 1933 the Federal
Government, in behalf of the United States Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Plant Industry, will expend about $2,100.00 in connection with
the work herein provided for.
Gel. Expend about $500.00 on this cooperative project for the
period April 1, 1932 to Mareh 31, 1933. This contribution to be mid into
the Treasury of the United States, in such installments and at such
times as the Bureau of Plant Industry considers necessary for the proper
prosecution of the work, and to be disbursed by the properly authorized
officials of the Bureau of Plant peenatne
Del. Expend about $500.00 on this cooperative project for the
period of April 1, 1932 to March %, 193%. This contribution to be paid
into the Treasury of the United States, in such installments and at such
times as the Bureau of Plant Industry considers necessary for the proper
prosecution of the work, and to be disbursed by the properly authorized
officials of the Bureau of Plant Industry.
Hel. Expend about $200.00 on this cooperative projeet for the
period April 1, 1932 to March 31, 1933. This contribution to be paid into
the Treseury of the United States, in such installments and at such times
as the Bureavu of Plant Industry considers necessary for the proper prose-
cution of the work, and to be disbursed by the properly authorized
officials of the Bureau of Plant Industry.
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SSRN Nat So LA
ie AMS wh lt Reedley
OUBE BOs Bow Us e ie 1 ;
oieet of tagk weitekl® ontS et satilerwtaed af act —
-~giwuy to asiwetosen eft ted sentae yliestom beagtetebew oat
ho meouut ,ouvdigorsg’ te isemtaqes eetese hetiad edd neowiled grtboads
att Sin Yooumo” bral sestuswill ..9el aadeeseh doteliet .yxtashel teal
ot ABST «i. Liege s pitoetis CtRbL to eted i odd Yo trantecg et baal etete
sores List at Desatines od iinde ,BBGL ,18 toreh (ens 25e%te a) enattnoo
desea od SHOT ,f finah Sobven edd tot snofetvoueadt iis. ak ‘toolte baa
me Res fant! ring paw’ sa aelguet ROT AY he: no lsgeara and adke. qseel ,2t
iawolloy wh meet of bob boven og ifacis doidw
factebe™, ade Sel... B dows of iss BL ok: tisk bortec alt aot! ans as
,euoiigeivcaA te tromitaget redadg? Botta ods to tiaded at’ Senate’
Atbe nettooaten «cf 00.00C1,86 tuode basgxre Ifiw ,yrtevkal sosl4 te oxetet
10% voageabaadin siered sirew el?
alt toh -ageheta oy 2) wixdig@oos shat Ro “00% 00a mere bint! gan! a
ad: oben ni beghiend with BOL fo sore os Feet yr Thick nner’
dow: i base mineulladert does at (wstase Betta’ ofa to yrsesos? ode
soqeay edt 40% winesunan exebtemee yitevinl taald te” he tof ett e& shalt
bssivodtas vluscorg odd yd bos tedgiD od od: bres. etew 644 Yo Boldwgssore
ere inary be cyl oy to elatoltte
ead ~ot septo ty avivetsyesd ehite . ao 000° ae on “Kerbepett® irae i Mei hs
Stay ot of notsatibronos vig? S80t ,B seveti ot SERL I Lhege Yo belied
dowe de bee eteomiletca! dove wk paeted@ betial ett Yo etvesetT ads odat
THOR add tot YIsevsoen Stebiaaay wed were E tral to westu® edt as: ‘gémts
how itedina. yles erty eS TE bastude tS ét of She’ Show sik? "e" ‘go Ldgees79
wertaitiel tenkt to meet” aay ‘te ainkottto
atid? uct doatotc evivetaaoes eta’ we GG .O08e daode buagnd [=i
otei blag ad od. coldgdPeteoe what: Weer 1% dprall o2 SE9L »k Ebvo bokrsy
semtt dows ¢a es eteicntfadve? fede ab ,eotede Sediall of? to yweeetT odd
sno tegot¢ sid “ol YUeraessa etahiacep rd aebitd ineS4 te cpotem ets a8
beg ttoutos tlrew 1 eft yd Setoteks oo of ban .alsow- ‘ed! Yo wok Fie
ventemict daard to meta aft Yo alatet Tio
The undersigned algo’ mmtually agree that this memorandum of
understanding shall take effect April 1, 1932 and continue in effect
until March 31, 1933, -provided thet: either party may terminate the
agreement at any time oy & written statement to that effect & daye in
beige of: ep om of tormitnat fon desired
- Bo SRE OS OEM. by has GP Faweths Mresweres
pane ; wa mg ith re “Se PotLateh ihgal et Tne.” 2.54 om
Sittation guek plaan e e.: Bi. sonder'eon, Cenoral Venacer a AER a,
Unitied ys Tog ree OF Milweukes ‘Lend ps ge of
SPAN SSAeti aw «| BE OHA. « mE Tt
AL 8 Bore's,2 speed: svGbe Forint Jo ltbovots
J & State Sand: edema ae “Btate of idaho. Pers
a Bae
er nn
Ten! 1By 193s) 9 06 cia, Were’ &0: cob iS ed pFalt that so: LaieL Se
Me isin phe Chief, gdh ‘of Plant haaieey A ar cr ee
wh 7
arog é
Phe vry¢ ;
& & Wh Sh & bas 5 ‘
So gutwesionan itd dats aaekee yifaitom calle dengtetoban 91%
“ew? geuconed Bra Shel , i Eivgs toekze ogad ffadae: got bee dertehes
it odatisena ae thraen Beye en tost hobivete 29h, 18 dorel ftiaw
serie gas od Preornseep cisd Pee & tig Suki. Yow fa TremoeeitT se
erteas aciteatoiod to stad ond to eOsarbs
tosueget? ,tieweb 4.2 Me a. ila
on, ,stpotot astaliot .
tose Tove te® | gem a bees Cy
‘queue bora Sesion thi PORTS BRS 4
tect? ieee ee ee eee
Stadt Y seapiaet bea add sable toonBbgp sib Sacheg
oo ote 2 oat Seek 8s ‘oat
wU yideshak $oal% Yeo ae tnt! ste ff m2 isis
C-Q
hor her
i eee “By “oe y Sale ae
Charles. W. Waters
Agent. nF wee
TRC TAN.
During the past season the Ribes ecology studies. have been of
necessity considerably narrowed in’ their scope and, unfortunately. little
ortunity, has been iver to continue investigations along the
“have seemed in the past to be very vital to a better and
clearer hipeters ae of the control ‘procram. Due to this unfortunate
situation. such plea ¢ as have been laid in the. past for an. intensive and
robram of eeolbeical investigation have beén, it is hoped, only
temporarily abandoned, and in their place have been substituted certain
general field studies which seemed, after careful . deliberation, to, be..of
the most. tanec lite. steer ‘The “gutting down of. “bhe. field’ personnel ‘has
madé Such stud 8 oe ot x “Limi bed in their nature, bub. nevertheless
from resalts “obtatned aPing’ Ulla ast: seagon it is felt. that some |
important data have been secured which may have Some. teegane in dtrectine
the ath J progress. Of the Conttol ‘progrim Oe ew x
Eel aee he! ‘pertod “eine tna last “peport has seen the continuation of the
Seed Storage Studies which were initiated in 1930 and carried on in the
winter; rust ‘laboratory. at ‘the University. of Idaho by Mr. D. ie ‘Mil: ef.
ny tong ‘methods and ‘Pesults oF. thfe haf as. “well a8 the | others will
be Sart Paasteuetty; as follows: 5 oe
pron. tp melon $6 Wee pease sidly.” ae so oe
6 ESB. Steady Of Effects of Cutting Methods on Ribes Seed
Germination and Seedling Survival.
CG. Effects of Closing-in of the Forest Canopy on Upland
4, Rives.
4, SEED SEQRAGE STUDY,
Og ‘purpose “of bhi,’ tl has. Yeeeah ‘been outlined on
Annual Report. ‘The results of Mr. Miller's work,
a eetnpla, are herent th were
ST
1
4)
SEIGBS CHAIN, GRE Ws Foeogooe exert
Ne
eiels® .¥ eeluadé
ry Be wa t cis
Ae de
to oved eved selbuge ypotess adil oat cl jst pet aie ssctegiegr bah
a
MEL eyindan sick toy .See egos afect af Sewottan yldateitenco xd feaeosn
wit ‘wols euoliepigaeral aeehieos of geyig peed sac yilasiaeqge on 10
ban te igee “o ot tadiv wav od 02 Jaag odd wi bomoes ovad dolde seat I
aid wees xeTew aia a azi .aevzetg Lotinon ef? to anlbuastarehay stetesio
bos ovyfeeeda! ca tot é¢esq ott af Bial.meed avyad ee aaelg dove soliauvtte
“Cin ogo $2 .veed eved sodtesiseevst Jeetgotooa to margote belt tin
etattss Astutliadss need aved enafq thad’d al bam , benobasda yiitateques
to at ef ,fettwtodiieh Ltetes aadte .beaeer dobsiw zeltbuia bielt Istencg
PALE eee ke biskt ett te mvobh valiédeo ad... soometogul etatbemmk dzom edé
s2etectesven gud .eteten siest at Botint!l <fnatheesxe aelinge dowa oham
ance ted? 3f67 ef Jt sogaee Jeeq edd antaah Seatedda et [vex mort
settoevth of eomesTtet ames svad yanuioidy aerocgs ssed eved aiab tnatsoom!
.matgotg [ortece add to vain aah emiot odd
edd to acktanmitues stv meee ead droqet deel ots canta botteq ost
of? ck go fetexren See OF OL at botatébut eves doldw watiotd esetose bee?
ereflfid © .C eM ed ofabi te yteteviel od? ga qiotatedal dest wotelld
be
vst
me
we
as
a J
ct
2a Llow aa <hote xidé to divest Sree ebhodien ed?
tawolfet ae yfferbiythal gw meciad ed
“third? esetot? S908 oA
est aot ii noe aboitel amidgaO to adostts Yo ybute .f
aviv apt ibest baa cobtanteres
anelel ao ugowat feerol sat to af-anteaci> Yo stestta .o
eed hh :
YOUP SE SHARC GakE , 4
ae Boxkiteo seed vheetia aad ybuta efdd te eeoqum Ieroneg off
»Hvow aac IlfN wah to stineat ed? .dtoqell faumeA HCl edd to TS sgeq
eteseetg Atiwoverl wea .ebodiew afd dttw teddegot
sued -Qurminaton:ftny_of_ beh Sees: storeé s5 ane
voris oa be Haws “as Bar Se ee ok
She disp: to keep the fatee pears SRA epee tne Sd
gi tei big Uaticoy @6 diemeter Sena ob Forester
& sear wt 4s andere? ae | nie Bolts 4 se ee Pike |
se SeRippes with a Fofnch 3 eTRERCDUCETON »
stinignd evi Le ne Neered on Lee og a
The purpose of this dtuay was to germinate all the seeds con-
tained in esith ofthe duff samples which. were @ollected throuzhout the
white pine: yelt of horthern Tésho @arine the summer of: 1951 {see the” »
ecdlocical portion of the Bnnival Feports for 1930 end 1931). and tovidentity
dach eodine a’ befne either » Bibs Or not & Rives. The identity of
ch ake ‘eet wy area ama Mpc Bo viet rm results: could be
a Ae UES ahs OE
bs ge a Sas HCY ne tyits vie ey 4%
iples hat been’ pees asi idee nee dntH WeRas OF f20m
6 twenty-ftv autee Gentineters off perticles’ sinilar 4w ‘sive to
§ seeds ‘were left from Sach “dricinal ‘samils. These were pldeed in
“vials 46 ee ent ‘them from drying’ olt ‘a “few drdps of distilted
wie u's sample. “As soon as these vials were received:
tte | ity 6 * i : fe pladed A 5°" e “sor ktee ss aaite? ere ‘they
_ aunt 2. samples were Winer Seieathdieher it ace
gensh # ayers. were 948 durf dumples. “Tie penetra es re wou abt
£ at -. ‘time; Fn svadeeyy two riie were necessary;
ce scent were run in the first set and 376 in the second. In dividing
iter the two runs the A, 3, and © samples which represent the
pig e atlais end. lower la vt. of duff, respectively, were retained as
. ef oF each area: This ‘procedure’ “kept the’ tWo”
Hin eRe tetra
eA “etme oF y PLAST Br
& $x pie m 4 $ Po as
hi] ne ae a7 Taz et kt Ree we eat
ie Bie semlee,y were 2 atpped ie weak sulphuric ouaty solution to
@ germin.titn. spec d was necessary to speed us
Laat pa a8. hi Ln the. = time make ittjoeerbte to remove the dipped
ro “without ‘using mote water for washine” adhertnc”
sistiines’ Peat eis walle than that’ needed for’ moistening’ the sénd medium
Bese alee semple was germinated. The dipp<r is made of sheet copper
‘with a pure tin solder to avoid undesirable corrosive
effects. it consists of a short section of a cylinder 1.25 inches deep
es An tots ihe ‘walls turned in at the Tower end to
mpport a. fe he ottom. Ba false bottom is & 40-meéh Gonper sereen disc
lered. on sopoee ‘Ting Whose outer @iameter 1s slizhtly less than
of thi stat? of the dipser. The sereen Gomee flush with the outer
edge of the ring insuring as ticht fit and, in addition, giving a flat
ait 2. Betegy aboot sud 20-bit wotdiatmnas
thet.
“ate tite 8 i
%o tass re 8 <0 beter
“808 abeos sity if, edeniorcs of BRR had e ‘aids 6 se ogtig. ad? | 1k bettas
ssuitt batgolign oyew dsitw eelqmas tet odd to does, ‘at Sanies
Sie wal Bs
et? so) ISG to tammos afd sabreh odabl gredixon Yo fled suta et tse
oe
viitasbh od frig, (IESE ben ObOL <o% edueget fauena oct AR, ¢
to eektaehi oat Gls © Joe se cadls 3 tert te gated BS. ae
ad blues adtaees add tuls oa aeold te ae vi Aa ii ba
res 3. ww a $
gern’ x sourley 2 Lites Aeasetoe bas. elie "ini bad ae on “
ot ake nt aufinta aefotite: te atatemtines ofdim ev
nt Beastc otew sasdT. .algrsa_ Sagisivo dose io x% aise Bbse
bolligetl to steth Wek a tae gat, aext, mad? ineve TAs hag alate Ifa
_ Bovteost ovew elaty ceedt- ae oe BA. algme eg dae ; atew 2
ved) svade todmeds etudatequed .0 @ et beealg stew ¢8 a yroterodal adi te
_besnal etew lea aes shi Lisas boakemet
tod Binow etedmeds nobis tars: & oat Be. Bhd, ant etow ore
; Tee sed on atse anit ows eliteucessoo omte ‘eno fa tapoma re ide
agPbiveh ot ljoome ols. ah aXe Sue dex dasit add gh ou ozew. eolguss svs
wif JneRetget dotde zufeawe 0 bus .f .A edd east owt ons, apt a9 qmag, esis
sa bentedet siow pares polation Poh to wregel *“ewol bas m , Leqqsr
owt add daqesl strebesotc 2fil .a6 th dose 6% sidterog 8s sedawea ai seve
SS, aolgmax to ates
ii aelgnaa to satuats
ot settotos Stee olisdoivn Aseow « al bene 2b 9 tte ; @a tomes aut’?
on heege of eieasene a eaw weg gakgeth fatseqs 4 .néftsalerey etalumtis
bec ki sft evommt of eldieeog 2 solam emit emma odd te Sua en ets
Be aes uridsew tot tedaw oxvom eater dud te brat ast ert » Lene
miriGen Base edt atinedetom to% beboos ted? nade
neades Sends ‘is sine! ef tseclh ptt bad an teres ete 4 soar
ovieervon ofijartgebar Rlove of tables at oe a ditw me Wits
qeeb sesion? 3S Loca vobetivo « Yo metdooe dxore B to efakemon 31 .etpetto
ot bus towel odd ta et bowsud aflaw dole tedemeth gt sodomt @.5 bna
ouib xeeres voceos daew-~Gh «2 at modded selst edi .nodiod extat s txeqque
areasit seel yfdds*ie af cotemet) retan exodw aclt teqqoe talT 2 me hbevebLoe
sede ott détv deslt saunon asetoe sd? .teeekt aff To ebtemt edd to taxl3
felt m aeivin .wettfobe of , Sea t8t Jotehd a salovert gett edf Yo egbe
Se ee
i
of
adt mo%t eefotized
Se ee ee ee Ee ee Ie
reper ese
BE ee
anenese wenten’ ean ve studenpel éXeuk: with a epatila: A’sping wire ring,
with one end bent up and “fm to faeil ttace its handling, is ueed inside
‘¢ne dipper to*keep the false bottom in'place. The 14a is a copper dise
@lightly ldrcer in diameter that the dipper and has a: ‘eirenlar band
“adldered on ite ‘undersids which holds it in place by friction. The dipver
4s equipped with @ F-inch straight handle while’ the 144 hae a weap
‘shsiped Tinndlé ‘goldered”on1té top. me
Bach sample wes placed in a dipper and then imaereed in &
4 per cent solution of sulphori¢ acid for five mimtes. The seeds of the
“speciéd of Rides witch were expected to be present in the samples preferred
@ 2°H6 10 per cent solution of | sulphuri¢ acid ‘aa a germination stimulant.
‘Ae ‘the @eéde my have Yemitned in the duff from one “to several years,
‘the seed Goats would ve materially weaitened by decomposition, thus oat
mikina ‘them more permeadlé to thé acid. The 4 per cent solution wag used
‘because ft was thouzht that thi¢g concentration would be strong enough to
stimilsate germination but would not be strong enough to injure the.
‘eubryod of ‘the ‘less protected seeds. The dipper wig splashed about in the
#obition to insure a thorough soaking of the entire sample, At the end
of thé five minutes, the sample was drained for a few seconds and, after
being washed with distilled water, was placed in a 0.2 per cent solution
of potassium bicarbonate. It iremained there for ebdout a minute; then it
Was washed again with distilled water. The potassium bicarbonate vath was
used to neutralize any acid that micht have adhered to the seeds nea the
ern ms et ae pr — —s —
Rr By ones oilnattiie 5 ances went Seep were pike fri petrt: atenes on
sterilized sand which had been saturated with distilled water. The dishes
were thens tored in the 10° C. temperature chamber until all the samples
were plented, A period of 43 hours was allowed to elapse from the time
the | last sample was planted until the set was placed in the alternating
ation. This delay allowed the seeds to become thorouchly
ete, before germination % Was attempted.
?ttne “25° OP Gay: obit 0 G. night ‘temperature diab et Was used
Nitinde ‘the séeds of the Ribes species which were expected to be present
preferred this combination. The samples rommined in incubation for 4
months etvine them one month longer than is usumlly aYYowed for rermination.
neta
Ro SB Raney Sf «
The seedlinss were transplanted to specially prepared dishes as
soon as they Wee gcorminated, (It was not Wiways possible te transplant
them ‘tumedietély ‘and ‘sometimes they were a week old before the transfer was”
made.) Each sample in ‘the chambers had a corresponding transplant dish.
ee Fis
sa SE
ca)
“
ey
‘od 4
so pioutarrss to": bewo fie « eciaaiaay amt posed, baad, canes - come peel ates
sat etly cette A -aitege @ eitw aeekp Seen ae: 229 do hie epative
obfent Beas ef «Bnd Chaat eff atai fies of of Bae oy taed bao eno di tw
sath teceos 2 at ofS oT epee ak eodted sels? ade quest of toqqkb add
bread veiuects @ pad bee seqe¢th edd merit vedemekb at tonal ylidghlea
yermlb eft yes oixt vd onelo at 3? abled dotdw ebtevebesr aff mo botobloe
.fteate & gad SEL edd olide ofitiad aegtette dont-T a dtiv Seqctope ef
wot ett pe bexcbios eloeat beqade
¢ gt Asevomut asd me soggkh @ ot Devinder eae viguse ‘Gal
if? ‘to abeen off .ecterim er it sot Btes shomickie Yo cottwle ho me, iy 4
berate ‘gq eolqmaa eat ot tagesta od ot baipagne oxawintsy aed! ‘as ieega
fraternities wottantnres a as Sine siveteloe Se mekguloa troo tg | Of ot Ss
wisest Latovex of anc novt Pioh emt ab bentemet avad yon ebewa. Pcs Bh
avg ,xoftivonueash yé Semeigew ylfatteden ed bluow aison baey ocd
psay gaw aot tufoe dn09 vee 2 af% .Blee odd of aideesrtog vtom medt sat
et sQqunse urotée of Sinew wobtodaeemos efdd dadt sdywodd eqn tt eeuaned
ods wastat of dyson sadxte od. tem, diuow tad. sold auturt 9 sialingiy
ie nd trade bedeates ean togg?s o@% .ebeee bedostere, eeel odd to koyrds
bee ods JR solowme othine add to natiisce dyuotods eoenk oF motdel :
tests one ebdo0oR at & wt booted eer signet Be ,esiockm Gy? sf ay
corston tneo 197 $C a ok bonele aaw yietew belitiere gt iv bedeor
¢? wordy cedimio 8 Ixodes tot axesd bentaact 11 Buodtehig a Beal § x6
gay dated etscodtcotd avleeator edt .tedew batitdath Paw aiwsa becdeew 267
ots veits abese 981 of betodhe oved tdfeig tals. bios {ne estloigen od bees
sae DG4G a pibesth ae bettas, allt ‘iene id ‘eee
eo eedeth tudor ni bonsla exew ,bomgth. ated aha’ a din $e 9
eadaih ofT .votaw belfktalh dtiw Setatotae need had’ dotdw bree "seabed
asinwee ee Sis [sas xednais sytatscmed .0 °O! add nk Bored @ red? exew
aonb’ sit wovt osgele of hewelle gow exuoa &2 to botseg A .bedaslg etew
wabtarresin oft mi berate eax joe ad3 fktae betasig saw olqmae gaat odd
qlisuotodd gnoaed of ebseg att bowollea yalob elit en idagd
Lstesesia env an aaina sxcted Secmvle
heyy nen cottantdaos suuteteceud diate 2 ce baa tab s Cae ost
txusetg of of Setavars ote doldw antigen aadif aft Be aboos odd { es uanaii
N not totdadwomd at bomkemo't aelomse ef? .cotdantdenos ya be txete te
os eotehh dovnqexe yllatooge of smopatge aps o198 Pcie: oat
inaigauesxs of ets lena eveslx tom eae 223 - pbetaclorre, | #%
wer. ae henert add orcted Bia soow « ote" sedi. iM ‘ienon Sana , fois, ae
igth donlqese:) guthaoesorvies a hed etosmmle edt af aliquam ae
This was done to prevent the seedlings from losing their identity. The
transplant dishes contained four creme of air-dried peat which had been
neutralized with calcium carbonate. The seedlings were watered with
distilled water and at intervals a few drops of 1/2 Hosgland nutrient
solution were added. It was necessary to make a special transfer rack
with trays to: facilitate the handling of so many dishes. The peak of
Sermination was’ 2venched during the second week of incubation and gradually
catgpen snd nn ie ent gare ea no. a tang cana non when the set was
wt gy MAL ge sani’ Sty sehashninted ounanes the: ae@iiings Satkeedne cme
dhasittingic: wfhis mortelity was probably due tosevere! factors. Many of
the seedlings were of species which are very delicate and these would not
stand the shock of: being transplanted. Some of the seedlings were injured
when transferred: or during the care which followed. -Inm.one case too much
nutrient solution was added thus ‘taking a heavy toll. Dampine-off caused
most trouble: during the first: part of the run as‘there was: little, if any,
sunlizht.: Leter some sunlicht was availeble nearly every day and just
before the rum was ended this was augmented by a powerful electric lizht.
Dampins-soff under those conditions still ae some eeoralecoment wut —T a
amnea: ste of — — ae Se Agee
2 Ket Sak
@
see
ay ns iad hare tea meultined: were, rds rantil ‘they. were: laid std li
ty: aun vats: @p Deine either Ribes or not Kibes. Thie could usually be
done: after the first or-second peir of Leaves appeared. fhe srowth of
the Ribes seedlings wes continued until they were larze enough to be
identified by species. Some of these identified seedlings were pressed
$0 as to have a permanent record or cheek, but they were too succulent and
little remained after drying. . The balance were then put in # preservative
solution and although this. decolorises meemes ~~ are hs Uae: nt gre
bia en spt
a LB 8% s we Tees eR ty emt Ayes ws
‘ SALTO t
ware wheres tote
giivem, 9 She veg wig ~evenen ra the he sehah tices. ‘eed
in ‘the first set appeared to be satisfactory, as germination cecurred in
more then70 per cent of, the dishes. . This statement is justified in that
the, contents, of several ofthe dishes, in which germination had ceased, or.-
had never oecurred, were —, gi dg Ph shane: eae beset fam,
if; mada ola sane amine
iy aie yah Pe eEAey ae
To: insure better results in the second get than were obtained. in
the first, several: modifications: for the care of the seedlings efter germinsy
tion were magic. They are as follows:
PW Se
fe \)
off .ytitasbt tied? scfec! mogt sanhibess adi inereag of enob sav einT
assed ga Sadfiw jowc doivh-acte te eeate. tect pemisinos. esdath snaiqenatd
dale Seyotew cues egailvecp ef? aatenonsso anviolep.ddiv boadiaciven
toeitigs Soatzset GL to aqo'th wot # elavresal dc See totew bolligath
tins setencts Ioicega & tga ef YRareqoen gaw 2] .behbs etow mofivics
te sesg 2G! seco te Re Oa te maki head sig - statilbost of eyed dot
eliaeiwms Sos oe tieinoad to dese baopee any gaitad Sedoget, eaw sotieaianes
saw gee o@? sete safettmone esw so téentueroy og vWieakeoetqg. Litas Soeasaged
sbeonkinoos £b
~aerd, piso Lie? ageck (heen edd LENORE. leweus. yet fag-rom. po Be:
Yo yea .s2oduet Ioreves of ore yhdadaag van gi ifettom: ehat: . pulbbeie
ton. Slow pence \ae atankic S ytev exe deiie coltosge. to sxew. eyst freee eat
bouts iat atom existlape edd to omed Belaelqeuant gated to aecds. odd baage
doris oct-pans eto al .Sewotled dokdw exe off satu so. betreisesext sonw
beaven “tesantqand lied yweed « nelaied emit bebhe, sen aedtoloa: teebtiun
yee Pie eset eer etait: ce net odd to Ine tack? of¢ aaiieb elduexd deo
doxt fem yah yxevs yiteot sléziteve eam tdatiawe smog teteG .ddatiove
wJHgtl etitosts futreser a yd bedmenyes new eld Sebne- ede set old etoted
8 ving tod yitiacrom smog baaso Lilte aaoltingss esadd: “tebaw Nos jatgqusd
nr atric eho a! raped ial on vad
i he ce
| Sayowe oytel otew yet edie neers enee: cwguibtt oe actrees ott a
og ~ifawer Bion #248 .9ed2h gos ae eed 2S todd io: gated es eehewesea 64
%o Adwoxs. off .Sexeeqe8 eeveel Be ttag bnosee tooJeTIT edd adits enck
ad of Uanoas egial ees wed? Ihinw Bepgtiace asw egniibesacwedts oat
hecretg svew ema’ fSeee Seltiimeb? seedy to amoz .seltoeqs yd Hol tignebl
hee grefysese cod exew vedd tut Moers to beast te come ee a & ered @2 an 08
avtiavresesg 3 mi tag ned? erew seaalad eff § .at “getts Aentames elaeis
yaeiostetses [Live #38 beads oe ane tan Fane aidt sarodtis bas mortulos
ONE aoierds tn jal he
oy f oo 208s ne
Siecies)' cpa ree ae
Gin. ie bes
in ae tints «At
hears eaciiiiacs getisnisrres off bas. yaoceTr metals exitaa ‘od
gk Serteoes wotientariey. 8% notosteliae ed of Heseegge@ ee. ‘Setkt acd ak
Jatt ot &sititast, st dacumotage: gist vaededh ea! to sn09) tot, OF nasid, avon
to ,beaseo bat golisnienog doldw mt sudeib eds Xo Leverage te, stant 209 ads
cwet bus anel ead 9 tednar, box imexs ylintesee stoe bet
bwewot = heme Soul 42
ak besiatéo exon somds tee dnosve esd ai gaiuegt nary, oaventt a2; i
aiiotes 20st epehipere adi to ate aut it, axotsoal Rion Largnas: ett, sis
_ taweLlok 2s oie yee. ome tow. wots
1. A mixture of three parts (by weight) of peat which had been neu~
tralized with ealcium carbonate and two parts of fine sand, were used as
a transplant medium. These were thoroughly mixed and then placed in the
autoclave for 90 minutes at 15 pounds pressure. This was to kill any
forsign seeds that might be present. After sterilization four ounces of
Suigul.'s forwaldehyde dust wae added to each cubic foot ‘of medium, Forty-
eight hours elapsed before the medium was used to allow 1t to become
thoroughly saturated with the fumes from the dust. The fumes are toxic to
damping~-off fungi and helped to prevent their spread and growth. Sand
was added to the medium to make it more porous. Peat, when used alone,
yueked down and prevented proper root aeration. —
2. Twice as much medium was uged in the transplant dishes as was
used in the first set. Enough distilled water was added to saturate the
medium and then from 50 to 55 grams of the mixture were placed in # petri
dish pressing it flat with the thumbs. ‘his greater amount of medium
helped to prevent excessive ~~ aul at om same time ih sin pe so better
anal aiadenanaiareh kn be :
vee The. apebladieins were Pisano ced the Sig abet meatine cpus ott
(Im the first: set they were sometimes allowed to remiin in the eerminetion
dish a week before being transplanted.) It was found thet there was less
danger of injury at this time ae they could be handled by the seed coat with
e pair of tweezers. ~The seedlincs would become extremely succulent if
allowed to remain in the germination dishes for wore than 2 or 3 days, and
were Pssst 6 to. serious: aryine: oat: a aviary Sepa to fea “en —
ory When hes first weodh tie were pincea’ an a en dish, one
Prior centimeter: of 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution was added’ veeease:t the
nedium doesnot ¢ontain any plant food,’° Then, in order to keep plant food
availeble, the seedlings were watered st 2-week intervals with 1/40th
Hoaglend solution containing four parts of ferric citrate per million
parts of solution. This method prevented a contentration of salts fn the
dishes, thereby eliminating mortality from this source, The teedlings
were watered hein: — ane nw —— axeteiye water" to saturate the
mai yee et
Boo the: young pilthbece were is a fo hours of sunlight or its eqiva-
lent each day. “hen the sun was shining, the rack containing the trays of
seedlings was placed in the sunshine, A strong electric lamp of from 300
to 500 watts furnished the necessary light on eloudy days. © Sah) i sht not
only aids in the manufscture of epee — but a6 eg tg sed ‘srowth of
—— aahis: on the: med ivanee a
pre] pyres ‘4 feral: of. these: ahenbes} more than four sande ae many seed-
lings survived until they were 3 to 4 months old than had lived in the
previous set.
a
foe
en oped bed Anfcw gave Yo (ddfatee yd) eteay sends te easttieca der
ae fig oxaw laces ax?h Ye aang owt be edemndtes metolas 6) he Set iont
sid ef bsesle wade tee boxte yinteoted? erew eeedl .sudhon daslguders «
yous [itd of axe etd! .steeeeny ahewen Cl ae eetuaks OP tot evelseios
to ayotwe vyot coftewifietsads setts .doesece s8 teigde: dads eboow sgionet
a9 vat wubban te toot side dacs ¢¢ debhe ese gamh ebgdcb ion ol o!imems,
social oe Gl = of Susy ecw acthbem edd siotad heaqgals awed tdgts
od gixst sus equant of «teuh od movt geet edt ite Sed o1stag eidgeetedt
baet .divets ets bes xg Lisdd daevete of Sugied baa ignvt Tro-gatquab
suols Seas sede , 348% .ecotog ete@ 32 salen oF wertbon ond oF 50bb8 ear
| neh enroute soot cst tigi ~~ nero. ames
aan pa ee@dnt® taalegasds edt at doen: ‘gar. scdhenitenbcent: eoant: &
mis etasudag ot shia pine tegaw beliteeibd Savont .dex datht edt at pov
rater @ at Seasle over otetzie edt To enawgy 30 0d 06 moth sedd: badumibem
nusthas to Janes setae: wid? .adeudd edt tiv teaft cb aatemerg dekb
cogged Bedi feteq smti omen edt da. ane pypeciey sel ani aeeretg of beqfes
ori nan Se ane
; Fee Pree Pay
-hetseges afohies ans % Te acti pine ah piety ere Hgienet ic ‘eh
gottertwros oct sf ctacot ot Bewelle gentdempe oxew yods Foe Jewkt add nt)
gesl wee arwnitt tad¢ begot eew-dl (.hetualguaged onted -reted:aleow = death
@iw dex Sega ett ee belinsd sd Binca yadt ea smht etd ga yiaimi te seqaab
*s teefesces vlowenee amoowd: Biyew eset ibeee edt seidiseses te se beer
tra yeeeb é te S mesh atow so? eedelh meisentatey ott abvatanet of bewolle
seth moge Be -oF a seul ‘ear =e eno hise ot — bigger
any Hath tealgenet? & ot” rn eter Gant ene torte ‘eat ‘gee’ we
ald Gapaged bobba uaw aoltstiod Iasitivn bawianell S\f Yo ‘isdentines | ous
boot dualq cae% of tebtc at ,xad? .bect taal yam aiagnee tom geob mak Bee
f2G5\i Atiw sfavrosa? deow-S te botesee otse ageiloses ang ,eldeiiava
wmokiita tay etattte sbewst Yo adtey wet aatalsiwco solizles bastgaok
sdé at atfee to nebtartaesaca a Bstcevere bodter eit? .wotsnloe Yo adrag
price ff bisects vais eos elit movt wileties nctlenimiie eietad? ~
ast3 of a¢udes od cater Halistels SONS shone: anten uitae mee bototaw er8W
ai owragee
~®VEioe ef? t¢ bésitoue te eae —G 8 pare gisew see pane, ‘ont: a.
ts gueee ef Swinladned Yaer wed. Sebolte naw muse edd wedt .yeh does salt
SOR peeee 6 nie’ sévtoats geoves A Vonkieoor odd mi beoaty aew wast ibeoe -
fom ¢detineg? .eveb vbets mo toshl yaesessen oid fede tien® et¢ew G08 od
to diéwots eft shustet cele drt boot tater ‘to outset edt of ehia ylac
mythser adt oe ebiom ane keatet
atean Yriteas etakt tt edt otom «eeRnede: ened? to tieeot oe eh
ae ant See Ss beck: gay OTe schhare: * bis be ae. Lee aabin ineul ‘@paat
tag sare bret
- mage ~ Seeds. a: sve four: ‘equmen ‘pesos of. Rives found. in morthera
Idaho, nanely 5. R. .wiscosissimum, 2. Laquatre,.&. inoyme and 3. petiolare _
were gerainated. aleng. with the duff.camples..... These seedlings were used in
identifying .the unknown plants tron. the duff.samples as being Ribes. or
uot being Rides. ..2his nethod of identification left Little doubt as to
the identity of a Plant @alled a Ribes,
Miss teas: “Rensbets. 4 the ‘Petuovalts ‘of: idaho papers ko make
the. identisicatioas oe ine second get of vig gre
oa aus wt
ih “gabe Hon: > aisens he total. i oh saeaiinga, ey ic tas
she lis mate by age class of thertimber stands and oy @uff layers, the
number of samples collected from each duff layer were equal. There were,
roaghiy, from five to ten times ag many seedlings germinated from the 2B
layer as from therA layer. And, ln turn, thére were about five to ten
times a6 many sé¢edlings germinated from the C leyer es from the B Layer.
This micht be «sn indiestion ofthe ratio of distribution of seeds which
would normally oceyr in each’duff layer. As would be expected, the number
of seedlings germinated from each a mage cless decreases as the age
of the stand increases. ag
Ancahalysis of Zable Now 2 shows that: (1) .Ribes secede were
weesent in wost of the timber age classes since seedlings were obtained
from ihe 20-40 sgevelass to the 2004 ege class. There were two ace classes
in which no Ribes germinated. (2) The ratio between the numbers of Ribes
found in the differeit layers of duff is etatlat to an belweea:; the
maabers ' owe alt preeery aetennaveny :
An nlyete of Table No. 3 whows that: (1) about 90 per cent of
all the seedlings <efminated were im the € layer sf duff... over 8 per cent
were. in the B layersand only l.per cent was'imn the A layer. .(2) About
81 percent of the Ribes came from the C layer of duff, 17 cr cent from
the Bolayer, ani 2 per cent from the A layer. (3) Of all the seedlings,
3. 42 al sont were Bi bes.
aaril j table ea. ‘4 gives: the Toscana ib of all eocét ines aad ef Ribes
nacklénas: that occurred im each age ¢lass of the tiuber-stands: represented.
These cannot be compared directly as there were collections from more
areas in’somé-ege elasses than in others and, atthe same time, the number
of \Geineh blecks. varied for some of the areas, ‘here is, however, @
general trend for the ‘cones nave to therngieroct as the nerlestai increase in
a we wae x 5 , = HE " ; % ‘
n eae, ene Wo. ag the the acres a potions acl pl in each ‘shuben age
DS
€
Seats sha
cb ee Bi members
_Arpdanos, wt Sect. 2eddh 3a aelooum nome ‘i ale in: ahoed.
ehisg .2 bem erie .d pplased: A smopiealeonn ty fe .Vikeassiededi
ra pie: anew maakt hase weed? Rel gue Vwt edt dt bw pao Im, b0daniortn yg: erew
ie LER. phen as 2elqrms Stich odt movi aiaalg awomine. edd anictidmebd
od t% dtrob. ols t2f-dtek nekacodeaebe \e Bosses eilf ..agdtd aeted tom
sigh a bebo tae te - te: —— ty
Ge apy Re eS
stlat.of bealed odabi. te xo ioeeebell or 26 stademadsts: eet $
afi eM: Sei Yo én Lacnea edt te: vac Some SAgiedacinas
i icinaiel SPA Sieg ee aca
Pe sake ink ose
et botenterieg ean ieee, Ba pian: vite yes palit eldest. iether
od? wanoyet Virb uc ae ebesde vodmieo gd? to ekalo ops yd: alia tate
| -sigw Stent .Lavpe-ctor veyel tieh tose aot betselies selqmaw to tedung
Hi | & od? aoxt Sevacietes esst ibeas yaa 9s saat met of opel? mort peldguesy
a te aod o¢ oy il dyods otaw ated? ,awed oi ,bed .ceyel A odd mort aa count
-seyal € sd? moti es tayel © ocd aot? Hedasioces epatlidee gam es vemtt
fipistw sioe2 te aolisdiateth te aites eat te sciveoton? ce ed ditabe ‘etl
tedium wit ,betosgqre od Aivow @A .tegel Tink goss «2 canoe gilainven élocw
one ads ps. aogeeraed scien ORR: oaicsini mee aot Sadealorwes agetiiess to
. fis oom scahanisineast etd: wen: “sp
ng gig ato pakaiget ata Ms ae
sree elese eadif a) tad cate & at ‘ele to abey lean mA ue
benieduc etow agatibess esnia eevesin ege todmis edt to sro ae sane
ase nei ane o#d oer ame! . meaty sge.-008 eff of exaie spe Ob.08 sah ort
i | aGid. to stodmme sdz joeoibhundt often at? (S) Jtedantrss nedti-onm datdw uh
we ait coomted tain oft. nanos ef tteb to ateyeld gretetiis odd at font
1) ——— eiaanianie fie to seietnnee
to Sao eg 08 ues {5}. jac swede & wok aida ‘te eerie ah eo REY
iH fwoq say & teve , Tish to tegal ded? at esen Sotembeten enokiooer edz. Ske
a toadA (8) .toyel. 4 odd a2 eae do0eo taq J gine Soe sighs faa i aid sk snow
| i mort taco tar TE , tee te eyes 0 ely mort amms asdiv odd ‘te tess seq f }
,aeakltege edt Lis 36 @3 soyel & aiff mua pisis seq & Sas ,teyel & edd
angi fi ener aca eet fhe
eseka, to hea atari theas fia So. jeatiace oui ‘sis: 2» alt elas® aed Sasea
htimvezqet gbonte tatinge ais to eaito ope. deme af beversoo..dadt panpresen
. rom ment aselioelion svew avedd aw vifeoths Getaguc ad tonate opel?
vedeun edd ,omly smse odd ¢s , Sou avoitto of sed eecgsals one: chow oe Bente
a& ,tovewid .ef oeot? .es0oce etd Fo omom tet batwer exneld donk-5 to
at Sgqegtost abosta ed? as cseoneeb og geagadaeeteg wiisot Sawsd LIetomeg
jib eas i Nimaes rate
eyes odalt Asee af belgnae ease To veda edd eovin G 10H oldat
CY £2
Oe
) ey
class and the number of S~inech samples or blocks from these areas. The
areas of the biddks “are converted sa Hite milaeres and then the total number
6f seedlings end Ribés ‘ars computed ‘on an acreaze basis. ‘The number of
Rives pér aéré varies from 33,429 in the 20-40-year-old stands down to
2,176 in the 200-year-old stands. This indicates that for stands up to
200 years old there are still viable Ribes seeds to be found in the duff.
Ag the age of the timber stands increases. share is an almost uniform
decrense in the number of seedlings per sere.
All logged areas,-regardless of the ege class of the original
stands, were computed together even thoueh the duff semples were collected
from ‘Ribes-free portions and Amt hg age nee ae ae. 3
‘"“@he separation of the logged lands or this age class. (as none o
“areas had been logged, more than 20 years, they were grouped under logged) _
wes wade go that the results of the entire study could not be contested on
~bhe ¢ri munds that the eut-over lands were not representative of tie original
~ stands ‘end therefore the data were not comparable. Any vateran Ribes
“bushes Das might be in @ stand usually fruit the first or secon@ year
“following Togctng, hence there was a ‘posaibility of new sesds being
‘disseminated befora the duff samples were @ollected, even thouch the area
to-be free of Ribes. The cuteover lands represented sage Glasses
‘of from 100 to 200 years old and, as only a few Ribes were ae it
we that “Pet aad | slegely et the. Pr let praaee-
ae. ~
one me rm | es as we | 7) v a F x3
Ge Been OR Pe STR ak ee THE ce
The laboratory portion of the germination study of Ribes stored
in the duff, which was conducted at Moscow, Idaho during the winter of
1931-1932, has provided the following information:
1. The method of dipping and the 4 per cent solution of Wanaris
acid which was used as a stimlating bath, were satisfactory as good
germination was secured in most of the dishes containing seeds.
2. The method of caring for the seed] ings following germination, as
conducted for the second set, gave good results since about 1,200 out of
1,623 seedlings, regardless of species, survived until they were three
months old,
& For the total number of seedlings, as well as the number of Ribes
seedlings, from &1 to 90 per cent were in the C layer of duff, from & to
16 per cent in the B layer and from 1 to 2 per cent were in the A layer.
4. Viable Ribes seeds were present in the duff of timber stands as
old as 200 years.
S. The total number of viable seeds as well as the number of viable
Ribes seed present in the duff decreased as the age of the timber stani
increased.
5
af? .enete eeodt mos? mipeld wo galqupe ogek-t to teodame off bre cealo
| indeta inted oft beads ow setoelia ofat hedeevads ers esloofd add to esets
te tedum eff eh: wd S3ueToe oa no Sed, o1a eecit bus eantibeses to
re st awebh eboade bib--cey-ObeOR ody wh SORES mott eerrey otha seq sodit
| ot o@ thisds ze% ner setaotiat gtd? .obeiade’ bloinaey ~OUS eff ek whi
“teh Bak ak boot sq er” thoes) epee bt oldatv: STite ote oe Ble ‘erase 008
t eee tes eerie ma et etedt eoemeren?! ebrate cede ht ott teoems Sarees.
Orne ie ‘spat Lbsoe’ te Dd ool wai’ at ar
Si
pH weer
.iuada ecad? bedgesetger yleeeisee ben enotivoe 5e<t-sod?h mott
adi to atom ea) aealo ona afd to ebesl Begnot edt to mole ee aff
‘Sousel tehey Begvot, stew yond witeey OF wads stem besaol meod . Barre
ao Setevgnes ed Jog Bivce ybata etivas etd to atluset edt saad 08 ebam aaw
fealyren of¢ Yo eviiwicteatqer ton Stew ebasl s98we-teo edd tad eberorg odd.
ols aaneter Yak cwalderaumen ton Tee ateb edt etototeds Bue ebuste
near brogeg te Sevkt ald Glatt ellaveg Baste a ak od thot geds eorend
gated avena wor to yeiibdizeory o saw etéid somed setapol safwolict
ote sid mds weve shetowlien exw esigeme Tih elt evolted botanimorg ts
soesate ena Saduseenget abral sewoetep SaT. .esdia te sek ed od beteegae
¢ botecinta: ater eedii we @ ylae es obne Bie assez 008.0%) 00L mort to
ebnade iicrngies bro ota ldnierinlpaairi enn anh —* — oe
aay
a | setgafion orev selqnan Tih odd degodd nave tetiteued beteqmoe etew , ebaste
|
: i i fantetue oft to saaim ape edt te seeibtanes 268% homies aie
|
hevete esith te vhete mertaniones sir. to notre yotamdal eff
“e tocr ae edd ortweb odehl ,wooee te bedoudnos wer Mo hew 4 hte oolh mk
tno baw auikwo £Le" hdl bakeeeen aaai ramometere
odsesiier fim %® asbibirine tobi aT > sit: See sxbeath te. Surton: suit 4 Boe
foos an vrotoetetiae eter tad gattalutia a an Seen saw doidiv: poab
beer Sethe TIED pole $f auld Ba) cave ial soni aw MOL tan hates
Se ae eee ——
ea ,aolvswtoteas ir bwo fL0% eesti thea eit £62 ophenty to: pert elt we
i dH0 O18, Googe conte wt ieees Soo? sven fee Bwisoe eat to? sipmecel
went svew vend fetes: Sovi Pewe eens tS: ect aent These 633, £
he — heer
Sn nanan wenn Re
ee
sagi% to vod edt 26 flew oe .a2geblbeewa to. casleniee toe exis <0 &
ay 6 nett .VWin® fe weyal 0 estont evew goee tay Of of 16 geet ,eunt [bear
“eget A wig ab emer tase asi Soot f OE": scene hand aes - vind - a ~~
Reso
oe eboaie re tiakt ne ch Fave Bra we eesew ty ial ced aves staan? hee
Be —_ - 6 Bio
eldaty te <« in deiesh ead a5 ifaw as siniee ehtale “ie tesla Lébek: ott 2
| beade xe dimbs att to win add ee Geeeero 9b bit nond wnt ok oo Ssoee ooaen
| : coiniesianaens
|
|
|
|
i
|
|
A aR a
ee
Pig Z As so many seed) inzp died before etles could ba tdentified,
especially in the first. sebs the number of Kibes sormineted is. om the
| bla i side.
| TABLE NO, 1
PKL GERMINATION ‘YROM DUYR SAweLag
pe ae ae re en tt are oR Marne wr nt cnt es I ee en at ln een ntl
i load serming tion by Duff Upyer
a3 ce [fottlala |
ear 38] 3|_ as
_f total _|
oak cs
gta
/befitinsht af hives yedg exo ted Both, Aged Lhosa. ; (nan. on. he oBe mr »
es m0 2 besanini 5, sed hil 1%, Xo come, sete bisa fans? ed? sf iis
Ege saeaen cai een oe
‘ sae atthe
te 3% 4
dbase ia beehiictedri mentee. elas e. te ea
iertunidlet arr reeled Bee uct amdarts
caamanaietemies matty wei Fs cst. Pm
|_ Ad f tot Ok.
= oe greta
ara, 8 oa, F
er
are W/W
(Pawreatenrneetionocanan
I ee Ee ep RE
a ee
gO ee Soe ee
"simp Fo szeket doq ao x 2} UT peranozo UCTZBUTWIES ON,
ST i el
ae ae Ga Ga can EGE
Toe. t
Sse) poze |
hte TT
aes a ak ie
aa Bg. , = = j ?
‘ee: * Le oe ‘ : g ae -%
m : . 4 q F 3 5
oer : ; . ete TE Fe eo sen |:
A Ta
co) oe oe 3 i i 5 & oe 4s | sit HOI-1e
: a a oe con Ty , *g 5x Oe ‘4
; in ts Bad & - te ve 2 T
> ee: : - = a
ro » * 2 En . ald Py B
2 Pe
Cae aeseer ieee See of eee ee ll
S aNd WOE NOLLVNIMEID Tya0L
ON Teva
3231
LT LENT LN CT ES LS SETS A A SESE se
Sit i
i f i
en ae ran np
iE 5 :
atc Bh ae a ies alate? 4
ce f loa le teria et qe ee
‘ wed Pee Bee Se ao FES Fee ee Ba oe ce mass meet ~~ 5%_O8e D>
ies ete en ee eee Rea Bare Sai
eH NN Se eee 4. eae ie ine Sie. L a
. 4. wench ae a
Eas ae Ribak Se ae
; : }
Be Rind eecce =e steeds +2. wd ere © so 4b -E a ad
=e a1 a ue ce ue Jeaee eememmen oa Seieaans Saga tail avis See + 3 RE Te a ss a
ee: 1 Gat Sevaieae Gees oe ee ee ae
‘ied dies Gages pee oe ee j 0AM 5°) a
a ee ae i
ne a hess zen a ee b. AES, GOS TST
it th ln he SEE SEES
i 3 A Pe : H i BK r) Se ya es
£ Ps ? ¢ Hi . iY ABU “ > 5. F
| ; ee: ; a t LF gas ae ey p ¢
= sree cok AEE _ :
eo
. ree
nS
we 0 ge YS
ts.
‘ he @ Class, of | ) oF ech Per Cent. or, Total:
j er, Stands! $ | that were Ribes
(ee A eS ase AV et
Pte Rare: 2s
pa ade bate de ey ee
PN he eR twee
Cacia hcp «ye yt ermine ep no ee Ltr Soh coe A 9 RR Nig ec RP, me coetramcmntet-*
: aaeks. Ey Ses Oe
| af
th
his gpd: “s3er_ isds 1. _redif
ree win Sed, BS Sah ee H
eer plateiesancde patel ns SO A pe dt at ‘
f eee
Seach oem Sipe spew rere ee GREER EN” RS see dn cic a
4
;
s crigiecitset es Bsa iene Utes
i,
"aes aol
i
wy Sierras 280%
i
;
P35 ae
[tin pie cs le. iD a be ee ae
me son yor sins Operant is Digg age
Co aS eae
: Sas)
CY
TABLE WO, 6
BDLON ACREAGE BASIS’:
TiheoabaeBitake MAideres aea’GeeAlanni by dea.Chaas!
: pjeverytping unfor ID teeeae [Rides |
Seed- | lings Germie |
blings |Germi+ }Ribes | nated
| Germi- nated a Sarel--| Ber =
Age Glass of ©
sii.sla | 372.62 ail 53 | 33,420
we i¢ . “3 3 ;
é per Lge
i bide 840). 120.
iste) OF THE EFFECTS OF CUTTING METHODS ON
RIBES SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING SURVIVAL,
Purpose:
Since it acaned inadvisable, under the present conditions, to
attempt ‘to continue an intensive study of..the several factors which might
be-operative in inhibiting or stimalating the cermination and growth of
Rives plents under the several conditions, found when various disturbing
faetors were made, operative such as clear-cutting, selective logging,
fire, road, building, etc.,..4t was, decided to make a general field survey
of those sreas included in the operations of theClearwater Unit of the
Potlatch Forests, Inc. As.was explained on page 52 of the 1931 Anmal
Report, these sreas -have been logged on a selective ‘basis by this company
pn ‘the. idea.of supporting » sustained yield throuzh 9 35-year cutting
cycle.
This plan was inaugurated by the company in 1928 in their second
growth white pins stands so that there are now represented in the areas
cuttings for the years 1928, 1929, 1930 and 1931: ds the plan was
originelly worked out by the consulting foresterse: the region was divided
sate, ‘the febloving types: vee i
a true of
good) ihe Pare: white. pine having 70-100 per cent white ‘pine. On such. types
60 per cent of the white pine was te be removed, taking nothing under a
JU ee prt erm © te enn! enka 7 lal RRR FRR Hee tne 9 AON Ra ie Ne deh ie ‘heya i nD ng diene A Seto 5 ee an
F Si ellbieS bis aeon tbe ago ls ARO LE
: bat ‘
z OS "
eats eae ae
Dates | | maepad BY
“stay za uh SAL H
%
;
i
j
{ sae
' yee es
barranichininey ci cle TALES, , viva
Povtoten Stoo Sane °
;
mt |
i Hy 1
a? ,sxoid tines 4 cre tence acid Te hee ‘ateas ivieat ‘ak ae. esate. yt
tipia totde evetoe) Lestaves edd to ybote evtanetal me est taaoo Od: dque? da
to swots Ste at ttemteres ext onbtedamgtine to wabtidtdat xt ovitateado ed
idwaelh anchtay, mere Baurot emotithneg farevee off ebay etastq & eadde
2 Sfekt Lowenss s otiam oF Sehiges exw #2 . ote, uxkbidud baor .¢tkt
edt io tinv tedaweesto amt te epeltexeqe art af bebwlont anete aeods to
oa te SS aseg me Sentalexs saw aA .ool atestot dadaltet
7d sleet’ ovyicoeles 2 a0 beage!l oped ovat saote seeds , drocek
wet e800 “2O7-0% em demoted? bisiy bentatems » aeftroccus to epbt oft doiw
Sloe
meee Thad? sf Santen it yesomes odd yt hatsuesect saw salq abit
enete SAS mi Seixezeuyet goa eta atedd Sadd ce sbnata eaig oe? ide ddwor's
eee nalg. oy na 186L one CBOE ,8S0L ,S8OL etaey edd tot santeduo
bobivib mew nofuers ast .exednero® anki Laenoo ot qd too bettow ¥lfantatro
teeqy? asiwollot oct eink
ra]
e Be
osayt sory 80 .aahs stinw taeo seq OOL-OF aa tvad eal od-idie ete it
2 Taber ankdjou xcisad .bavowsy ad od amy oak edlew edt ‘to dae9 teg 08
uot oviinsIe® .Bnitdisotealy om fice ovidetees ham se siddag?
ere 2. White ine mixed ‘types 40-68 per cent. white pine and 50 par cent
of the volume to be removed, leaving everything under 14 inches |).2. 1.
oe Be, Mixed white pine, type. 10-39 per cent, white pine, 40 per cent to
be removed and leaving everything under 13 inches 0.3.H.
4 fe Mixed, 0-10 per cent white pine. Not bein: cut.
a sec Ek an originally planned at the beginning of the field season
to make the surveys strictly accordins to the above-outlined types. By
such a method, it was thought that perhaps somewhere would be struck a
point in the logging processes whereby the surveys would show « definite
correlation between ths volume of timber left on such areas and the
mumbers of Ribes coming in.
After. arriving on the ground, however, it was found that these
various types were so indistinct and poorly defined that no attempt was
made to differentiate between them. Instenad, the areas were worked
indiscriminately, care being taken, however, to locate each area that
Was worked accurately on the company map so that later an effort can
be made to obtain a complete history of the stand, together with the
company's data on the volume removed and the type assigned by thea to
each.
The results included below are only assumed to be tentative and
will serve merely as an index as to what is actually taking place as far
as the Ribes population is concerned followine such types of cutting.
In addition to the Ribes counts, records were kept of all conifer
reproduction following logsing and brush burning, On all of the opera-
tions the brush was piled and burned. Mowewor, since on several areas
brush burning had been deferred for varying pcriods of time, it has been
difficult to designate the various areas according to cutting years only,
since the burning of the brush constitutes as important a part of the
process as the actual felling of the trees. There can be no doubt,
however, as to the significance of the data obtained, although it is
readily agreed that results from such a survey as this mst necessarily be
only indicative in their nature.
Methods:
The method employed in making the Ribes and conifer counts was
as follows: on each area to be studied, compass lines were run across the
area usually three chains apart. On these lines, also at three-chain
intervals were laid down milacre sample plots 12,2 feet to % 3 feet.
This type of milacre was selected because of the éreater ease of counting
seedlings than could be obtained with @ squpre milaere, On these milacres
G5
bef
St Sy) Ogee ee
i D
4 ‘
ef twit fhe soxrt-Vf[
ea
> tuq OG he siite gee tog Meth jeg exter exke oa hit 3S
Yo asdect Sf toh antlddetove aatwael , Bevemex of oF omeloy edt to
\ isee tee (2 sete ecitin demo cog BOL 4 eae: ante adidw bexIN &
Ho. aopent SS sebey alse yteve ankyaol ban bevomet oe
1 “abet Sek. ae ait, ia Tee, 04-0 gs =
ge BOS i £% 34
3 pit. Se saineieed ene dn Bourne te yliantaiyo aun, ‘i —s
i snegy? bombivuo~ovods ott. od patiigbon yisoinds eyevang, oft sala
| Hoeete ad bfuow syodereives agadieg Vass dae. Ons .gaw 37 Seaton 5 & dove
affateb a wede Siuce eyersse add ‘Gieuc ze souseictg srtunnl edd Bf sntog
at3 bee gasts dove ao Mel tedmds. ‘Te snglow at naswsad | metialertos
ott Safwos souk ee etyonan
ered tend Beoct sae Th 4) eevenost shotie ta ond Ke guivivis %S fta” .
sau tqnestia of Iany conlteb ylscod tne doattelent ow stew ce er as ;
gor soate ad? ,boodenl. .medd neowsed etakimeteTith 6¢ sham
stanel eo ytoveved ,nedad sated-orao- stletantutsoa tbat
sotat PRek C2 GEM YSsSgMOD edt fo vletersots belied eaw
ae baste atid “to vrodeld- stelquce o aiatde 69 shan od
Regus. att fre Seveuet omustev, edt, 50 stab a YeacIROS
iS
Miike ar,
3 zinc sve woled bobmionk viinest eff
foudee ef tare of ee xobel ne es Yfetam ewter Tite
sre “etbwo Tie? prekay: Aco at aoltatuqog med ih et ee
inom oyow ebiomet” gewed RENIN od¥ OF moi kbba af
cpa bored neste hs ts gehen artes [ie ‘6 btouhornas
Sayaka ,sowewol Seer Dae boliq tay dard ate enokt
Ok ee a ofted gaiyist “Sot heres tab goog BAH naiered teartd
Cad Bee Dae - esate avoteay add otnenhesh OF" SLi EELS
eis wolrti¢gnon Memid ols to Sebatowd’ ens norte
hae 5 eek oe ‘GAY %é gethfiet Cartas off em wbesc'te
Bi tia ,beptaito agab sd to set f2 ieee sft ed ea yxsvowed
fags Bad we yews & ieee now? si ivest dada beothe ¢ihhest
tte edd ab ovttactint eno
WD oy Wa
ga thuos Shs gedit eak > are ek ingest Soits ian + wee LES
pie Bees
ate acorns gxoe gent! deans .betbrts sd oF -ee%e Rooe no meters ne
beats do sefh .bowht oeadts a0 Scie Siete Gpety yiinwsn sks
taet =.0 ad daeh © 22 etely atoms eqparin dweh BPA? egaa eleveetat
antjunoD Te on Todsets oft Te sas aoe detosise eaw oroatin to aqydt aldt
suite sada cO° .oteelin st.wpe: e Ae ker Reiccinicohedl oe iimoe! a Haynie tag
were counted all Ribes seedlings by species and year of germination.
Inaddition to the Ribes counts, separate counts were kept of white pine
seedlings and other coniferous reproduction. It was not attempted in
many cases to cover the entire area of each logging operation, but a
large enough portion was sampled to be representative. During the season
approximately 1,000 acres were covered by this method, representing
samples.of all of the selective cuttings which have been made by this
company in the second growth stands for the years 1923-194) inc usive.
In addition, @bout.200 acres were saxexed on. clear cutting. besides nearly
ge ok pps on railroad grades. 0094
: 6. Data macékeps. on, ‘special field: form 467. @s appended and cach
area ‘has been sanhaenbet by number.
Remults:
| The following table shows the distribution of the areas sampled,
together with the mumber of acres counted Ain each case and the total
mumber of acres eyadhed:
&
exiese, to aaeg Sos eatsege yd epalibeer gedit [fa bedmwoo s1tew
test srew etayos ateragse »Sinses ced? eft of motetbba al
motte doc eaw ID wwelésstetgst avotetiacs tedio baa want Ibeck
#2 ted ,sottereqs satagel dese to aote ert sce eit tevoo oF sone Ytram
acesen sad abd ovisadtaesetqes od of be igus 2aw gotttog fagose agiel
petiaereniett ,bodtss gle yd Beteven etee esrom OO0,5 ylodanbxoicqs
“tie vd ham coed ova doidw agriviwo avitpslee edt to Ife Yo eelqmme
wrisel ost Ge pareey, eteey ott a6? ehmate diwors, Becher ad¢ af Yeeamo
elssen aehizad , ahd no vsein ao betevos etew geton OCR tercda@ .nolsibhe al
enbern Seotilax mo eorel ter ef
a
doso Eas febregas as T34 aot biokt fafooun m9 Jqvat etew stat
| edna yd ee ome aad sete
{Re
2
oye att to. nokiediuiels af gwode sldad gutwo flo? edt
mt Bea asec al at Bodauce #9194 Te isda ed? dtin “edd ogod
betanda B9%82 “to tedaunt
ou
2 |
WEBRO..f67 6/21/32 ZOOLOGY
Data taken a _Name of Area.
Location of Ae... 5... gl a
Size of Ar
© mw
Date of disturbance
ee RT em ae on ne Ne a nl
a vee
type of. Digturbance_......... Age of Original Stand
(MARKS: au S 2g it i
ibe of | eo ee: 4 |
Gon if a: Special
elLot ca
ahs SH oh nnn Sn NeW Sh set eotitee...
ee See Ser cen See SeenON
{ A838: el is a meal chile Mh: ha |
a eo
k
eiiliesedeatti 8 '
>
=
re
S818 \a Tey-0AE iW
one sce ner TSS: i OR 5 Bo ge a ee hd tianlian nae ORs Sead sadbanGl
mighatetvnntritgttnde bagels. «item tinin aopiiinlon <ith a . dene cabin iepeicpsiadiiaicca-asiieaibce ot i ba ae gee te: aolénood
aon twin hi to wey
o
ne Re ee ne es
pment here rpm pct Eines malian erat ta ain et | «+ Laan ese onan De
sep tn elaine afi tm prema mat ete iy ea ier Zo armen ile Reap ie ie © neon. —veF bit = Amat llc til <i te poplilc lat fedaAS eaapa Sc. n
rede Ms i carte a ll Raps “lacy «pene igre seine ieaiae Peat aten othe 2
say!
to event
are
t
;
‘
Ieee neanenan, eines din, Aa ated hrs ewes) eye cis a date ore ee Tet “ae8
‘ ; i f ei :
; ee TY ae eT a a ee ee ee ee eee i ae) uci ~4
’ ; H
i ‘ 3 Bs H
Pane ter cm Ek ney Semem mee cme oka itt ec thon entra ree ins Aa nase
4
I j ' ; { { Tees } i
crear enw nna ning ntennnmtmnneh tte tna ee e or
H +o 4
bons raeennerin nahin ae awning abe tint a PORT te! RECON Sar
Sener Ren nmaarheen 6 eRe ate elena noe Bae! ay haere
room amines ate
RR eR ee AE eth pen lg mae tetas Got at nn ones en eoussrpsthpe ale tah norma
ede anise —
}- A J
ett tee Nite Y Ae mee AN mene tinh Wine aes eid te te Cae Rcert anne ab nee er nbeigatngatinence pig har reeemede
‘ -
aoeey da!
we WR pate ee «nb mer Ne GAN RONRR Er ga N Sign se resent ohana et nn Site tence Lion scant tae ee cetera ace: [Oe Cone ~
; been r .
i \, ‘ a :
ee ee ee ; nt alar +o pa eatin pleees j es f
th arene. ace <ccaei aamrmees wie senna is spo ore 4 stench] ete ts 1 AM Seton aes
: i
emit a cement A ne he NA Sa Ate ented pape Rig ae ls
; i!
2 i A mel i 2
i ; ny Sua t
rn eee wm bros nbarn mai ltne ao @. teint met ce cpeia Sih 4
4 } ; ? 3
$ 5 by i
Fen vet ee ace eben BNA Ae ON ie oem sabi? suai Ua sets che nie mintmetyneiane Se
peat rym ~ encase tn ayn ry aang tment 6 0 Fash te nik mya eniat (Nba -ntishicipnes Santa ais ptarecioa asi abated ae atest eine spy neaph pte
See ee ae riod
ict eSTTT 1
ar! i
oe - a . . fen +otes drerrapemn tamina wheactinnde nn: aia a “Ee j t
4 t ‘ F
‘ q week :
4 seven cow tepals, lbrsemvapemte meine wjalenteng tae mate memset te AB ves thereat orm f ;
LK i
ithe ele shin diy others seers gee tl tbl ney Sipe Ra ts - * r
¥ q f t f
t i H
shine een aD = ores enn h oy em pha s blag ard peanh ls eneiten Rant yeh atin saaitin SICK 5
. $ A H
; i { sak
= . rcs pe in tle harass nth Aalders etd cg fsa cnab tg nbs aba iON Nai eA 3 nl me a
~ RIN te omitne i matt sa Viigo eject my ett to
- Belective
A
ees Fram: the above. table Ae ‘ean = geen that tile acreage covered wes
mak apportioned equally among the cuttings. for the various ssa This
was due mainly to the fact that the Ribes eradication crews began their
Work tn-the 1929 "geleeri ve cuttings an Age workee many "of ‘the die we Before
a survey could be accomplished. The 1928 cuttings are limited in number,
so that it was immoastbie to obtain a larger acreage representative of
ba. ad © ame : 5 oF
ne "ie cl eine-cat ‘ereas fepresented above were ais on the. =>
Clearwater Tiuber Comoany's tract and partly on an area known as the
| Cardiff operation: Thig latter aren afforded an excellent demonstration
of the. undepirable effeets followin destructive loseing. On parts of the
ally every tree that had not been taken out for lumber was ©
later willed f:burning. Other sert@ of the ares where the fire had Hot.
tense, still supported livin: trees. 1+ ig Ainteréatine to
cea ese the fire had been less iutenge, there were many
F on care such | BS. gases ig Sona deel 1127 on
the ‘survey A very ; ips ‘end were so “broken.
' , Hat ox 2 ae seteal ‘number of Biases: we ak
sttemnt ‘ma eto bike actu > ee covered. Lae de
ere 5
eat)
ae
acess Wag: Aust tae on aus wimmaiatigy nh
pb hebaiy neha ree retain. TCE ere nt Ten vesne te aie es eercyr eile marron tihng
evyideatet | ar ttoewta& eee vo svidost ‘in
ne ee & 28 mobs t9 1 Oe £m
OH ie foal ee | sea!
Fi
x ’
5 SRA eat oe
an
bal ‘ "a
i a: n° a ‘Ba. 1 2B ‘ah
i r ’ ; 2 } 7
Be Sot Sead oe
We DOIeSS AZacs
ait gst oere an. ao ak = fdas ovodas as not.
aka “ENE. susivay sii tot asyfgeuo off goog iE) beng htroqqas dan
theif} sexed. we%Eo TIO fdeniSavw acd edt tadd Jost edd 2 ylatam eub eaw
wing healtor dead Bes gaati tuo evisoefes MeL ot at araw
eis sgrttige SSCi ed bedetiqmesos od bigoo yeviee «
(et sQeetes xontal # nbsido of 2. cet gew ff dads of
aes fedd
Hy
vistas stor evods botimgenqget Beets tue- qaef> edt
a agtwd Sots we ae yitvag baa Jontd 3 qaecme9 aod? veered
somebh dnefisexe ae SeercTte seis todtal ela? \sottatege ttibt1sd
“ ,“stouol owiinivdesd settee (fot edostte eldetigebay ed¢ to
f et $s coXed Aged tom bad fall} sext yews Yllastioaty ote
rr? off ettdy sete end to adtat tadgO ected qd Bolltxt revel
oltestedak st t1 .asetd srivil bettegams: [Live eseneint oe reed
ota! .S¢eegHrt veel awoed Sed oti? off ere vadt stavewod 2 OF on
Gs acai ais si besovato as Stes exets BG .pioe tom gedit atom
te tL SF ee ae ol aaivel és avatdy ener neteolfot od
CSL dewnotode ye Beteityte ee tee gages ao ofkdw , bro
tue OCC,S es srbeemew an howe’? eter aogte » heurtamet “ee
aig of exh ,vota te erst nt Soickl gem ate szebaty haprt bax oat
mecloxd os Gor che gaete Ese bcini x? ebam etoy ayprtwe odd tacit tout
ons astosiha To aot fetes ahd ¢ine dans alll? bas eeghiad yd en
hetaved eerhs peed ovis of Sham Gqnedea om bem aevig
GY
living trees
logging have been
. Sem pe — es ee x
GB PT eam
On areas such as this where
ei So
ree
above,
000 per acre,
han pictured
.
burn of less intensity t
Rives are coming in at a great rate, as high as 5
y
fe
a
»
3
#
a
F
4
a
@
&
»
a
on
[3]
b>
et
a
3
4
»
oO
%
ton
a
ca
to]
a
Cal
a
>
=|
oO
3
a
f
a
me
a
uel
oO
=
°
ce
ea
°
wu
i]
if
C)
»
3
cut area followed b
2
Clear-
remain,
ort 193
Clear-c
killed by burn, Very few Ribes coming in,
Rep
ters
W. Wa
W. 1127,
1130.
Annual
a
.
W
|
“4.
gig2i | ae | se5|
PABLE 10,
" RIBES LACUSTRE PER ACHE
sy
*
Gf ad la AO TER aA OH
Wine"l970 _| ting "sd2e |
ue avi. | ae No. | ftv. Mo. |
LOLA Pex Per VY Per j
— Agre agree sete, Ss Acre _ kere _|
wy | a
i | OK imtar
i! ewkdoefed (3.050) avitosiaz |-3n0 ovitoelee | ate tee raetd
i 3% SOL aatsane | _- EOL t | ser | caly *
| ae “ait | .elv oA atv A] | .akv AY |; wet | «LEM
"iJoosaa tad len lean a aoIOA letoA te Tiassa, | S590, i BS TQ!
pre iamnow
i ie {aa 2h |b __+ ee es aa WUE ex Ale Bo ra
U ;
ix>
| Sat (8 J8 | Oa@ 4 eee et i a8 200 4
/ ° ¢,90f 10.4) | @) | 3% | TE JO dh | Ove] OC | O000.af£1 SS
OT is a dh... §2.f lo,.8a | 288.5 1 SS
ef 0. ao | Sis jig.sa | —a8__ [0.88 tt
: i } : ;
1a ORR ont eee are arene CR areetranN See (ni SONA OREDEON SOS eye —fee at
D.GUS IS. JSS! saS.8 i O18] vst Ie 288 $2.01 aef | 88S.ga |
= See tee
|
y
ta | | peosSimn BRARESA SSR oh
t | | —tevA
| ! | 2838
a | 124
A 988 _ pears Je ige ee ee tet, sie i ——- Leases! la.oss.or!
i
2 “i TET A
t 3 at Pe WLuate bs.
Bosnnicrfeipetaan wnat, sah m eterno
ia
4 B89 Awee VOL BdeIs
fiiselst! evitos les ‘amid ax0 tas £9 |
a jOSes { mets uD | Sef =
[a
ao bom Oe emo anh ata
} a BE ¥ wae { { ot Pa a Py |
;
2*t.of =~ Ei
bet x be |
ish | if ga Y |
| amok imersd| sta B9T9A | SIDA agtoA| OMe jnoted| 6 pn | B9TSS
hl | saat iaaaiain Ramee >eominan paii<iptapeamahs Pomaets ee ee : "gn |
| ATES 1.688. ig. tbat. 1O.B8 j0,8 2 i§.fe | O68 | Je | Oat ea.
iq Valavanis 10.0aL.. 1.2L (0.8L 10.5% (Ae :
Mie | osereonc aremancennonen 192d. A... cata ance pcre iO 9% i. 222 _ 16.2 | Seer ore Loe
1048910. Seo. 510.025 osat a ‘a
aS, eal [o.o% [0,28 aan 8.83. 1088 jos of NS eayractoes
[ERE EER Care retcrain Aner reeere 5 aS —_—10s8L_ 1 0.be.
aidS 8 al! a8 an GSE iD. eat weld
TABLE NO, 4,
WHITH PINE Pur ACRY
[- paige "TGleer Cut- Gut- | Selective Selective , Selective |
Orades ting 1028 _| Gu | 263
: White)
Pine |
Per
Gro. _jAgr
font thod they foro Bons
178.4 2.0)
: me PABi WO, 6
QONL FERS OTHER QHAN WHITER PINE Pak AGRE
Wall raed | Clear Gat | Sete Seleetive uy fF Selective | Salective
tay Sasi ries | Other
}: a | " Gonte +} i
fore fers
2 {
Mil- Per. | Per iPer
OM, Sih MES LTT HW
seers recat mpm gam in oral nS tn ta tle
witoele: | sv Fits fob f
eit nett SaSaand "<>" inesanene
avit¢oole? | it oh gh
je
ae see .cre
eee Saree Sad ce
ve a Gh 0 Nae ae
BAP ig BY ie A ee
SOS Oia tsi oe ae 10. 186, aa
b 7 To ee ea re renin. wat . - es a Y v
| acai =: wee oe Cera
= teen -rrenate sit cipin =e oerhon meer nt arene oa oe inne: a nitude oe of See eee scaegag Bp Saget
i o> > hy Baty red ¥5., i a ~ 2 : L ie Ts ;
| a
H i
:
&
7 :
i { { ‘ | a EE
0 BGOnL PUN is! auee eet 1, AaTa I. ak $3.7 ae
BIAS :
eer Lied ne tem e
eis BES are “eerey we i HeEnTO Sea iMoo
Fo ER OL RE Ta NE mn RO ES Ma PCI aE Lege nha mi tay CO RSL Re RCE RIN. NNN ALA NES
av Boe Le: evitoe.fet J evidoe foi | | dad me 10 | beotite! |
6 aubiee dL sat 43 CR BL. 5 4 85 ee eee
4 ee o
- ined | i
go %
Fancilaperp ein Gort nem
“ie
aera
We ey
oY atte ha Se
B
| Tables Nos. 2, 3, 4 ané 5 show the general results of the
| Studies with the average number per aare of R. yisecosigsimum, ©. ‘Locusire
|white pine, and other conifers on the areas surveyed, RB. » dolare wee
|found in varying mumbers on the several sreas studied but since they wére
| limited mainly to the stream nrens no appreciable effects on their -
jmumbers could be detected by the various types of cuttings.
H
Graph I gives a picture of what is occurring in these areas
under the different methods of treatment. Gonsiderines the uw lang spacies |
‘of Ribes, BR. yiseosissimum, {t can be seen that immediately following
the logeing operations, that is, in the 1°20 cuttings, an eversge of
1970.6 Pibes per acre was found. ‘Two years later, as indicated by the
‘average for the 19°S euttings, the number hes dropped to 56. @. per, ache.
‘This, when the area is logged according to the eclective me thee
Compaping the average for the 1926 geleetive cuttings Pith the
javerage for the “clear-cat and broadeast burned areas which were eut in:
1928, there is 9, total of 2,274.3 in the latter an@d 56.5 in the forner..
‘While the mmber of acres represented in the two are not onite te Bere,
\the average numbers of Ribes are so widely divergent thet they ard ‘bound
lto be significant. ge co
z ———
a: Thus 44 appears thet each year after the second, following log-~ |
ging Recording t the selective method, the numbers of ZR. Viscosigsimun
diminish rapidly; This is not true when the ares te clear out. Comparing
the results in @ similar meaner for 2. lacustrs, we find no such @trikine
evidence. While the mumber of BR. lacustre in the clear-cut ALORS. WRB s
ereater than In @ny of the selectively logeed areas, this was du@ partly
ito large concentfations of this species along the streams and is $n.8.5
ery slight degree, if any, due to the type of logging process or Length
of time followir@ such. For ¢xemple, the cenersl average for fede 1925
cuttings was practically the same as for the 1920 arenas.
| | Making’ s comparison between the mumbers of E. viscosiest mum
found slong the railroad grades with those found in any of the types of
Cuttings brings out in a striking mormner the effect of complete removal
of the forest canopy coupled with ground disturbance.: When i. lacus tre is.
ei.
compared in the same manner no such evidence 1s produced,
Although granted thet the selective method of logcing a
practiced by the Clearwater Timber Comoany appears to offer poseible
meang of control for the upland Ribes, such as BR. yiscogissimum,’ #4 could
Rot be recommended very strongly from a silvicultural eant of view if. tt
proved detrimental to the inception of coniferous reproduetion,
white pine.
} _. Referring to Table Wo.. 4 and again -to Graph I, it is seen that
the, average mumber of white pine seedlings occurring in the 18H cuttings
Ses SUITES as oa i
WES) SN eae sehr at
eS
Di TARAS Fe MAE pom aE SPO NC, Lk a
HES See ae as stew Sain hoe nee ee
i
a
etton, eapdcially |
ait te ative: fexesea oct woe 6 boa? .£ ,8 .20f asldat
if | ~-Suiesoas .2 smmminatgaoety .2 In. aoe. Beg a Sst agetove odd atiw ge thude
| ae erate. tae 2 Doreen <ine neta ott go etetfeoe retite bes ,eukg etide
| ston wads one tuq@ Sefthede eoata Letevee of! se exodaua gaiytev ak bawot
il thei? ao ade a8 <t sidetoorqas Or exete. onetta ed? ot ylatem botdmil
hy 18% aléisne ta, aoe am tisr sid wf batoetad sq era wen Coe
|
|
f| eGtia enaly mt aes ayeoo a2 Gade te eruieig « nevis 1 qa”
Te saqhecny baulew att vorbrabteae? Jesmienst %o shedtem taatettih ‘dds amhent
ie spivoliot yfetathanet godt meee sd uso 42 vypptheatacoaty .2.20d£t to
i to wgetewa me yaentdoes COOL edt at .4! dads semoktareqo gatgael ad?
» tl ald yc patent ont ae etal areey owl cout ase s198 teq eodl® Bote
i wetts «0 2.8003 Becqoth ead sademt: edd eegstddu GL at rot syetoves
| i odd ea oetine. ioe. 8d we: panne anee. Seanol af avte est aie) ue lel?
1 ol
|
ane thin eukttaue eviiosine SROE dd. ao ayatore Pre, salsounsd - ae
gh dim stew dnide gcota Satan Sasobaded Soc tee-teelo afd ot. agators
| 1 i Jtanmet eft ah Ge keg geyiel ray 2h 8 OUS.8 to feted a wk oted?) 91
i ,omme ot otiae fos sil ons rad 2 Sedwor sts t getpa So toduatr eita ‘efisw
| feoed ata voli geid toontey lS clohtn 5% eta ead'@ to etodsme oarteva odd
| aeotifaats.. cad 8
| fet ,haooce adi tava Bes eae Tors ee $f guiT 6
agiy 0 Yo gaodeeer act ,bodgam avitdostee edd of wrlhroeos miky
‘ o wh xete otf code eord womml estat welbicat delaimth
ampuliecte Seon ow Eats Bilal VI Upesk A tot “2p tbe Sets: selinin @ ak ptlivaet edd
it oper gagnn tua~wielo af? af sxtegas, «A to “damm ett elit’ wauebive
| pliusg eh eae 2 fa5 hopin boxne f a som ati ke weal aadd rodae%
n | a ei gt bre aonetes oh) teole estooge efid to ero hias8 RSOROD. wgral of
h | Ctage! qo. sgeoene wibaaer to atte ead 08 ous yee TE , osreb. dagife YVrov
| BOOT ade cet eqetowa Ceeenes of3 aalquumre vol. .deme satwellot wmtd To
naete WPL oli ach ea ouse add ylleotioany asm hits 4
Pie bak
fate ieah ee coe te Ab te orteitianane eed serwtad aoe fceggn 9 ee
» ave odd Ye. Yan of Donot anode daly esata heot ter any ail ‘Sniao’
frveucn efeloeion to toekie 347 semia gatifety a ek tee agobed mambd dare
me webcad ne? etghorin kh paoors” dake dekqaioy xeueo geored add ke
hon seotg ee soak hye awa. ue Teena oe eid a painanpe
ne aptpaot te bod@om evhtesivs ane tasks betrats eixgrosid EA geht
idledea a ne to. of. cecal yisocmas veda? sedergecl0: ode yo boot tomsq
adwwe #8 type Ee Steopely OF ae choo .endik Bewlqw ad? ack: fLotinaes ‘to.
2 *? weby te apter fauwdtuotviin a mort qgaoties Yrev beiooamenes of tom
yltsinsgee Kobsoerborgay einase Dian te Tote een tee hag istoomits 3 bayou
| wanes od ete
jets pose af 32°. % deed of slags tne } .o8 olde? of guivisted
witsuiy MOL ot mf | SaneNROS & wsntibees sat edidw Yo tedmun eyerors edd
i
a*
«Th
S1ajIU0D IJBUjO
626!
ino
18S
O€6l
4no
19S
8c6l Szé6l
ind apeug
13/9 WY
8261
4no
19S
‘aurd afly A
6261 O€6l 826l
ind no yn
19S 8S
S26
apeig
4e9/) UU
|
826!
{no
‘19S
626!
ino
‘18S
|
aajsnoey-yY
826!
83)
06]
4no
‘18S
$26l
apesd
wy
“OaIGNLs Svaay TIV NO JUV Yad SINV1d JO YSBNNN JOVESAY
es
SYaLVM MD
2e6l LYOd3y TWANNY
WNUWISSTSOISIA “Y
8c6| 6261 Of6) 82él
yn2 no nd jno
eS) 9S 8S
S26l
sapeig
43) YY
|
;
;
} Average
| numbing 241.3, This includes only those white pine which were less than
(P°" “Shree years of age and which for, the most part have come in following
| =“Pdgeing. Comparing this with the cuttfuzs for 199°, we find the number
| hag increased to 775.4 per acre in the latter. Referrinz to the average
| for the 1928 cuttings, we find that the mumber has increased to 1,056.0
| _,oge@@lings per acray: Assuming: shat; on the nversre the 19% cuttines .
| *Rigresont the same PROTA CPMetians eayipr She.eustings made in 1929 L
and 1930, it 4s evident that the conditions offered by selective Logeing iF
were anything but inhibitory to the germination and warvival of white ;
| oopidle reproduction. It appears then, that the above method of logging not
| ““only insures a sufficient number of white pine seed trees remaining to
} regtock the area, but that the conditions prodmed by such evtting methods |
| ard satisfactory for the germination of such seeds. As to the ultimate
| \,@amvival of such resulting seedlings beyond the fourth year, time alone
j “tan tell. \Aside from the immediate point, it is interesting to note the :
; large numbtys of white pine which were coming in of the railroad crades.
i For example,\ the general average was 1,673. 6 pef acre for the total area
| g@utveyed, \ a am .
As might be anticipated, the othef coniferous reproduction in-
cludins western red cedar, western larch, and whites fir followed about the
4geme trend as the #hite pine. ~ f—- :
in Grape? is shown the geaeral trend of &. viscosissinum, B.
i lagustre, white pine reoroduction agé other conifer seedlings under the ;
_ Yerlous conditions found during the’ pest season ané also a comparison between.
their numbers in any\one type of euttine. ‘The averase numbers of each
species on railroad crades are not shown in this chart.
From the results as brought out in this prelimfnery report nf
& survey of conditions ia the Clearwater region of Idaho, it apoears that:
\ 1. Clear cutting followed by broadcast burning produces conditions
|. favorable for the inception and continued survival of large wanbers of ,
eo Ssissimam and presents a serious Blister rust hazard. Other types
‘Of @isturbances produced by the construction of ratlroad srades and i
embenkments\are equally ag dangerous.’ .
ors @, fa ‘
goo |-2. Certain’ 4ypes of select{ve cuttines such asgyacticed by the
| Clearwater Timber Company ere Pollowéd sy moderate nuniers of #8.” viscos:
the first or second \year following loging, bat @ach succseding year i
shows 2 rapid decline \in-tKcir numbers: “Et thus appears that..conditions i
produced ‘by such type of loezing is inhibitory to the long survival of such |
| seedlings, | .
| 3 Selective logging does not have a marked effect on either 2.” 4
i dacugtre ork. @ tiolare- since these species tenicto be somewhat limited i.
! to the stream areas, the gonditions of which ard chenged very little by
i
jaf
aati? acel etaw solv enke stidw sect ylor aefaiont sldf £2.18 saw
~wiwollot af auc svad teaq taom add tot dofkdw bus ens to arsey eoxdd
vednum oft bobt ow ,%€°L ret e_utsdim ad ditw eidd antteqawd = .nalagel
eggrevs edd of avivvete® .xetdel edt af ots teg $,35N of Bbeeaetont sad
.230,f of boaneton? aad tedmam silt fat Salt ow ,egatiivo Stel edd tot
aunttion SCeCL sj asereves edd ac éadt sebedreed .etes teq ennt Ibove
MeL nt ebes 2eanitiue eds 10% ea eaolkiibnes Laxonag oma eit Inegotgst
wtsaol evitio. foe yd bore tte emobifinos alt tad? soodive af tf ,O6eL bas
atidw to favietssm Gs solientare, edi of ytoskdidant sod anidiyoaa otew
om anlcseol to bottom ee eae gady sete sraeces $2. .wokioubotget sat¢
“3 urtekers t esetd beer entq eildw to tedmum Jacfotttoe a geavent yiao
sbeoddea anfidwe doce “a ligrartoan anofeibnos adi tinds gud ,2e% eft deotest
Sgn ts Le ail ot gt .abses dose to soltentersem add 10% qrodoataliag : ota
sis amb? a“ dtuse%t off Saoyed eyalibesr: scliiuzer dove to Laviviwe
oft stew od smivestetal «f ti .Intog o¢albonumf odj mort ebigh .f{fed nso
29Dat? beotitax. at wo at amigos etsw doidy ontg ethdy to stedaya egtal
xe Inteos aod “ot sane veg 3.2838,f sew euateva Ierenen odd ,oloqmmxe tol
BETOV THE
£ fa hse aucsa tines todo add ,B¢¢aciottas od tdatm 24,
tisengea § oft ot? fe tan ,Seust oredesew .reabeo beat aretesw uotbelo
.woig stidw edd as Bread omss
ok ak fgiecea sid awerde ef © dgetd af
end « odeo kas soktoubercet ante otide ,etisuoal
ted soettacwoo 2 osla Se & a feo ems arrfard comic anotéeibaon ero iter
gaea to stole eseteva ed satddsn to ooyd emo yas a2 srodaun tkeds
trade atdd at swede tom ors sofas heor{lat no aslosca
wi farrr ghdo ok dywo ditawotd ex atioest att aor
i- Ye sodewiee! add mf anoliibnoa to ysvare B
“R09
pas
a
ay
ea
Ste
sy auteted gaspbeotd yo kewollot satitiso saal) .f
RO sie vom Bbountisoe bua aotiqgeont adi «0 eidetovst
af toes yadeild evolves @ gdxeaetg Sana opmfesfsoouty of
o£ sotdavrtanon oft yd beowboty seonedusteld Yo
wootognah as yilavoe ete atreninedme
pA
“2
stodmen atara be wi xd Bewelfo% ete yanemed sedal? tsdawteeld
sooue cose tod eumtaaot yalwollo® seey bacges vo deatt edd
ra eunt $1 .oxodmen wledd at enkfove bigqat & awoda
‘ad ywrodididet sf mrtasol Yo sqyt dove yd Desubowg
agit [does
add yd beoltarigq ea dove agaftter svitoelse to aeqys atevtast .S
BN
Be
z
att E
Yn, AM
i toasts go gastte bealtane a swed gon apob sotunol eviseeled .&
betkntl gedwenoo ed of Beret asetosqe oeedd sonts etsiotiea .f to antasoal
ed afgdil vweev Segcads ote dokdw to emoltibano oft ,see%8 msottea ead oF
|
Average
number
per acre |
VERAGE
N CLEA
| GRAPH NUMBER 2
UMBER OF RIBES AND CONIFERS PER ACRE
CUT AND SELECTIVELY CUT AREAS. |
_
_——
——
sain
Logging operattons,of any nature,
4, Selective Jogging .of the types treated in this report. appears to.
insure.the restocking of white pine and other coniferous reproduction;
such. reproduction. Mppears to be. thriving and increasing at,.the end of.
the, fourth year, following logging... -.... )
5. bones le caving might be accomplished inthe Ribes eradica-
nied such areas ag are selectively logged can be safely left
ba gg? third or fourth year following logging. If it could be
joel aa that no yp song blister rust hazard exists during this
interim of three or four years, the muuber of Ribes might be reduced
from 1/Gth to 1/10th their original mumber. It is likely thet future
studies siete ath & Saiamal Ve tina te ay Am number of aides, aac. seqcoahing
year,
whe wc hy one ub: 8. RENKCTS, or. CLOSING . ty or FORIS?
wine @ to abt GARORY, om UELABD, PAIRS, «
Bite Wat ee ‘gone ahha 4t is hi ek peel ‘fica gi onlle = at thet there
comes a time in the history of s stand of timber when species of upland
Ribes contained therein:such as 2. yiscosissimug,. and to « lesser degree
perhaps A. lacustre sre crowded out, due to the ¢losing in of the canopy
of the tree’ Grows. Seattered observations have been made from time to
tims by the workers in the field and all have appeared to voint to this
same conclusion. During the past seeson the attention of the writer was.
ealled by Mr. °B. A, Andergon, in charge of the eradication cames on the
Clearwater at Headquarters, Idaho, to an aren on the Alder Greak drainage
which seemed to bear this out. After a coreliminery exaninetion, at ir.
B. A. Andersen's sagzestion, 1t wag decided to establish a email whos ia.
such on =e and attempt to make # careful “study cf the situation. »
This area lies on a northwest exposure of Alder Creek drainage
and is located in the southwest marter of ths southeast quarter of
section °@, ‘township 83 north, range 6 east. At the tine thet attention
was em iwa' to the area, Sredication had progress#d to a stege wheres only
a” “stat ‘acreage was Left an@ for this reason the site wenneres for otany
was, not adtertion the’ ‘best ‘for the purpose:
“‘Thig area in cuestion was apparently burned over about thersy
years ago. It now supports: & dense stand of thirty-year-old white nine
site testes (1105) Semttered in thié reprodustion are bushes of ©.
oF oie om rod end BR. Iseustre which’ appear to be in the last stages of
suresston, he latter epperently’ in better state of vicor than the rho
’ In the area where no Bibes’ ereatcation hod been performed, #
plot'was lata ott .% of an acre in extent.” The plot faces northwest with
epproximately a 35 degree slope. It was marked with permanent corner
posts and s trail blazed around the border go that no difficulty will be
experienced in tracing its limits in future years. Within the plot each
Sten wes to enoftatge gatasel
$B Bo« he Cale betazext sayt ast to gatmaclt evtiosie2 .&
10 J osbocrs t iofto bas enio etidw to aatdootset edt ewent
tc beo @ff3 fo writesetont fon nafwiadt ed of exseqqs noltinuhotqet dove
-patssol antwollot taey déu0t odt
~sotbeve goedih aft mf Bbedatiqnosee od tdsim yntvae el[dereblancd .3
Sol ylelas od sme 32 O18 8 enoia dora Tf asteota aokd
ad biuoo 32 Ifot xsey nah al ao Swids odt IlLsaer
fads “sjeifd avoltes on gadt bontanetedh
See £6 eid .@isey io0 tT “F soudé te mitetak
{antgino rtedd d¢OI\l of déa\L mort
oun ot jog! wid af seratoed tedtiast « come Ifiw esfsuta
eTESy
bat
jod ccolveawtsadco 38 amis ome tot
ato: eld of? af ants & gemoo
TRE 24 f 2 efeted? Soutetnoo gedfik
o me 2, 4 otdermal .f eqadteq
(£3 aDeu -28OLS eaxd ect to
3 ng a3 af wratitow edd yd smi?
a By to aLR KE. pag fibers ame
3: if) @ thee wmeteiae .A 2 oth vd belfan
3 % 3 fo sete wae of ,cabl ,atotvesphest fe totewrss ID
ak dea ,gelvanioaxe qranimiferq e tettA .tyo ekdt taed of bemwee dotdw
ger £ F194 $ bebtoeh saw Tf ,nobaeyage alaostobadA .A 8
80 £2 aera F ada Ivteteo & salam oF tamedia base sote ag dove
nae BT
BS. &
& 86 sera efi?
zewdigoe off at beotaool cl bre
“t ,ltece 8 gkdenwed .f mofvoor
‘topibere ,gete edd of bolias eaw
1t Bea @tel caw ogeetos [lam a
oft tok teod ont yilvageesen Jom ean
zaw Solteas> af sets eiat
aera 2 ride wor tf .o34 Btaey
at Sexattse’ (a0ff) mostohewie’
$ saaqgqs olde exdaugel .f bao malealscaaty .f
3g totsed ak yliastecqa wegdal add pps none
,Semtoteg cosd Sad xolitdaotbere asl oa eteds aets edd al
rosddreasx weoat tolg — tvotxe of otos az to V. dao Shalt aaw tole
3 agiw bese eaw tT »auo Le sorneb Si « elotantrotenys
os told om tebied edt barotea Sesald tiaxe « bare adaod
‘ Be ateey otadet of ad tmhl aif «ntcecd ak Soeonslisqxo
Ribes bush was merked with a cedar stake on which was tacked a metal teg
with the serial mumber of the bush and species desicnation.
Bach bush was examined carefully and the following data taken:
bush mumber, species, feet of live stem, feet of dead stem, condition of
bush, square inches of leaf surface, mmber of leaves, living branches
coming from, ORO» ont brancises coming from Crows end height of bush.
one. tnundred iiets-onn ‘pushes of R lncuntre and 63 of BR.
were — end described. This is at the rate of 277.
Ribes per aera,
. ’ In addition on the tien bushes which were tegced and dsscrtbéa,
umerous dead ‘bushes were p= gt which were undoubtedly Ribes bushes
that had already ‘gueeumbed. » however, is only a supposition since.
the dead stems could not be identities definitely as Ribes. it is }
_ -plamnéd to examine the plot each year and oe, sack Ribes agen to the
Sekaha mentioned above. From the results this study it is a that we
May be able to obtain some definite information relative to the events which
fo at what appears to be a very ier _ in 2 oe ite eer of
" a : Ribes i sabia she
Pray os rs 4 is ‘bowing the examination of the Hee this sunmer, sank sauiioue
ane of stems wore cut from what appeared to be the eldest bushes of both
BA end BR. Jacustre. These sections were brought to the
niversity of Montana for microscopical study. The results of such
zaminat io showed the ts to be approximately ten years of age ‘aad not
26 or 3 as wes first estimated, based on previous observations: of like
Ren Bees this mean then, that the seeds which propseated these bushes
: Vezht inte the stand from. oatside sources 19 or 12 years ago, or
oe pheiteg present bushes represent the second or third generation of Ribes,
: or ores vot _—< ee 2 aes wr ened seek: Seitaae the fire of 0. :
eS ‘Ne éadicy Sass, oes ‘4s evident” ‘that Me | pS ae denudation of
ribes ‘are ‘tn a dee eadent eontition and from the ; general 3 aoptarance of. the
bushes it-ie difficult to see how they can survive ¢ any more season@. If
such predictions should be borne ont by actual fleure 23, if will raise the
question of the inadvisability of the working of mch similar areas by the
Ribes eradication forees. A glance at picture 1112 of B. viseosissimum and
picture 1111 of &. viscosissimum and R. lecustre, #11 taken from the study
plot, will show that the amount of leaf area supported by these plants
would not present a very serious blister rust hazard oroviding 4¢ sould be
shown thet such hazard would prozressively diminish each year. Many areas
similar te this one must exist over the white pine areas of northern Idaho
and if it could be proved beyond reasoneble doubt that nature could be
depended upon to perform Ribes eradication on such areas by natural means,
@ Gonsiderable saving could be nmde over man-power methods.
-33 Iatem 2 bedses? enw sahee a tin besttem eaw dand eodih
sto Pol.wer sare 283 Yo ce dear felroe ede de tw
fx? afae rePwolfet off Bee “ffytesee boitoiexre’ eae” daid dhe"
moittsnce ,avite bash te soot .opty eval to feet featsece” rodent “died
ativil ,sevasl Yo veda, deattine tae! %o seifomt Stas , deere
idzfedk bas ,.amevs wovt weione Redoratd baad , o0ot moth Sehes
te €6 bee axteored of Ye wbrleind omo-yettat beckweet end
8S %G ada oft te 2? ald? bed Minget ite Deymee etow sie leetenuely
; Oa Log nedth
GRab wome dette cetend geivil off of sods 2oBW at
priate BS ssiteatc! oes sr eey aOR tes Pant get are orey persed Saab" ‘aoistaah
Fe ooPyrets aber bedionee Ybkotla hot dadd
ai #1 igebk od tom rt somde beok oft
ss tela aft enfome of benanale
| om g mi) eet -.eveda Somokinem sdintog
» Rela ‘inftes soos aketde of olde ed ye
to vwiodeld ehil wily oF epadge geri wiov & od of exeeqqs Jade Ja tros0
,eniseoe wedZk: bneler ens
fit goly wit e celvarioumeeds yal’! eek
» 482 e¢ of Deraerce dade govh Jeo. eter spade, te
sitios ove este ol bow gueteelepoedy off
ib Wbade Lan tqoowony ha. te: eomtmolh to Uo bsiovial
ietanianiene ed of Sapwer: ote Deon dmotdan toane
de wmpiverg xa Seat ahs, smbtes deakl bow 28 OS 8G) as
tokdw. ebore alg Said fees agm gid 2901,» «etait am
series ablaeue oo1% ooete odd etal tdagosd euew
cit ue fetnee ong daeporget esiand ioene ty ggond ob
ist bees Betode gor badembahto: & Soiziw De PR bsash: ond
fous etary
f Se) Hae Fe
Ese * ID
mil SF ae
#30
anak
te Sierras, teoety ole oeke o iwihtwe ek #2 ,cean eoddhe af, .
: tion. ceebened sf ote. sabe
wth 288. GF. Sheoritis af tf eotend
nexed of dipode, mmo kioloexg, dove
1,thsimom... ate Teo tf idestvhent eas to naliease
wendoie.ge socats A .eeenot aoftantiete eadi,
Ls web BEE Oa J ea emetuateoonty. ..g, Yo if if evatote
binguvertie: oe am Raed %e Sevres, acl $. dads wogia Libs ae Oat
massed. fewe maketh exne Pap. yoy @ srse 8M das bivow
eas EE 30 EA) biges Giese dome tects svete
Tee BIS
pee Fy ee es
Ee ix Ree aa
fei + web?
2 Ete yaks 2 me SE: FoR SOT
ae
ay te on
ree HLe &;
an
Pa
gtsi¢aen ke ancta emia edtin edd teve, dade, tam wa paels od, taltake
terse gore dnb aldasoaset hooves bevowy ad Sfeoo 2F TF daa
ane%e ance co solienthewe agile. msg 9g ott on beabersoe d
wm “Kowa mem tewo aba od Bivem snivae aiderobteape &
2,
4
W.1105, View showing a stand of white pine reproduction following a 30 year old burn, Study plot located in this area,
Annual Report 1932
a
| C. W. Waters
We iill, Bushes of B. yiscosissimum (left) and R. lscugtre (right) on study plot,
Annual Report 1932
Cc. W. Waters é )
Note density of vegetation on plot
W.1lle, Bush of B. yiscosissimum from study plot, Note presence of only three leaves and many feet of dead stem,
fu &
It is hoped that study plots may be established in other areas
of comparable nature scattered over the white pine reston so that
Pie. 5 eo 3
&
x
4 hy ~
ee ” a Shai
‘ , ” ., :
sesh GBD ey :
“¥.
4 % ;
an » i , ‘ '
ie % tS
>
¥ 7 ;>
3
ee Sa
£5 4 x :
* at
by ma
ag es
ry ss
fated 5
2 ¥ am tety ‘
A 9 sae 13
‘
+ silat tans aM vw
ry if
"y oe a eh fe m
— i es Tan Wie v Mi ¥ «
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“2
BIBS BVAULOME LON, DNRal) Wile La
B
v
G. @. Strong,
Agaociate Forester .
Cooperative Ribes eradication on private lands in 1932 suffered
apvroximately a 55 per eent decrease over 1941 while similar work on
national forests. waa increased by approximately 40 per cent. the net resus .
however, was an aggregate increase in yoluse of work of about 15 pa cent
for Ribes eradication in north Idsho.
The, following table shows the expenditures by pennies for the
Various, Ripe, SEAALEARLAR isi 4n 1932;
Bina of aaeiraaia arias ese s
” ented of!
ahs th thie oe enieg wiki ¥ ib | |
ali al adopted. de BEES y arenil Karly are, | 42 State ant '
wt F2ASSE “i 23 38 : Propel.
HA CRR eR EOE I at Fores 912. 60.76 §3212214,00 1 | SRS _ 1 $140,.794, 78)
St, Joe Ustional For 9.622,67| 90,153.12 | = S| = 99,776, 79)
Clearwater.i.P.J : 99) 39. 13). 5 cain ADO O64. SB I... a:
ti a Aan: some or the: hipaa teams nrewehoes to* 1622,: henending upon the
Shancnt ‘tektien development of the rust in the separate localities, Ribes
have been destroyed in degrees varying from working stream type only to
100 per cent coverage ofall areas, uoland and stream. Dae to the dis+
covery thst bdlister rust: was making rapid inroads it was felt that the
time was ripe for makings complete clean-up of Hibes on future operations
- and that, as rapidly as possible, upland areas in localities where stream
type Ribes had been previously destreyed should be worked. Hence the policy
in 1932 was to do 100 per cent Ribes eradication on both stream and upland
and::to rework eny stream type within the boundaries of 1932 units which
had been wore’, previcusly.
Ai umnahenie tanh fons rsa A Ri vitiglat¢:daJA42 wan nails by
lasetioten & pounds of sodium chlorate in 10 gallons of water. To this
anletian was aaded, ben vaval, ekue sticker ane apreader. %
operative. Ribes exadiention ‘on wr ivate. lands was, as in previous
years, under the full direction of the Division of Blister Hust Gentrol. On
national forests, however, the work was handled aceording to the terms of
|
fore)
BASINS CAAGNT MOLPAD IATA Suare
VS
emamotte 6 OD
tefeeie% atatooers
berstiog S60i at shoal ‘adavtog. ue ng kiao tiers agdlt ovisercqoed. =
no drow talimte olidw If0L cove segetosh $a tag 63 8 Mah + apsica be) ©
cere Jem edt tooo ‘teq Ob eledamieotegs vd Bevuastea? saw efaet6% Lamokian
iso wag Gf ssots to adtow to souloy si semotont efsazetage as saw , tevewod
oneki ddtes af sobtaoibets sedi tot
nie ro% 2elsnone Yd setatibacuxe edt ewores elds? antwolfot adi
SS8OL at efvetorq mebtaotbare pedi exolav
£0 Sa
S50 ,2WLkOwe YS eMAUTIONSIKY To aRcoud
wr Po tl eet + ian. 2a Se aR Nt RaANetreNt “eninel are ph Vana Atanas ete Hy Sa VAY
da apap , sala ey ery 2 een
| ite sofety i. |
sedel le
oS tenet |
mae Jap hy eee . deoret! _fotimee |. ee :
Be 4 nh MA ARLE JON 088, OFS “lisa sta mada
oe eeeer eens an? 4 aoiihe Ge 8a S8a.2 conve Oh Lea tte eo %
(93 £08.05 ‘i & Tbao.ote epee orp enero APL OB La BL ene a TO
OL OGe.SS 1 S$.800.8 i = __ BN SSE RL ttle, sled tas
(ay BL Cae ceria tele Rat ss an ee Steterrtoneariaro 08 IES | ——— cites 3 ceed
(Qe ALL, 908%! GV. TS. 04 | SL .Teea Ss eNeTe. dae |
eX ase Je
ess sogy aeibreadh ,S8el of aexchreta arobiatece eff to emoe a0
i ie eefitianel estatages odd vi tasrs od to dnomeefeved agtioetta etodoat
ot o<tas ogy? meaté@e neldrow sett aaigiay eootged at Seyotiael aced ovad
woth adi of sol .mmerte bas boatoy .sests [fe to sgeusv0o taon taq OOL
aid gadd ¢f{o% ear $E gbsount Sicet patalam eaw deot astel{d gadd yrevoo
snokisisqe erudet ep asdil te qaetaels aielamoo a aafcleas tot egkt caw omkd
atte etece avttifaget ai enote Sootost ,eldieeeq sa ylbiget es ted? bas.
vollog edt eameH .beanew od bivode BSagort web glawohvetq soad bax pedih aqyt
inelog besa BASSE “god Me mokhianibats sedil dnee teq OOL ob of aaw SECI ak
tiniiw etiew SOL to ecbambestod odd abcdtiw ooyd meetde yaa atoms of dae
Ylavolvetg bedtior ood Sod
‘Ev aban eae SOL af saalolta .2 gattaets «ot boaw yerqe edt
eid of .tadaw to exoffag OL at “atetolso wvkboe to abasg © gulvlogakb
tobsexge Sas vedotte euly levey edi Sebba saw oo tiolos
avn deer of a0 .eow hist edaviwy ae soblacibare esdif evitateqood
lowed tau” tetekii te aolelvid edt to nekioetlh (ie edt vobaw ,ataey
‘bo Rainy ofS of ABLotooga bolbaed saw show ef? ,tovewod ,ateortot lenotsan
+06.
“the agreement of Tebruary 2, 1952 which states:
“fhe Forest, through its. project chief, will supply the labor,
purchase all ‘iuucaaal place the camps, handle all of the service of
wissitah
cathe: “The Blister Rust een through its Overholt; will’ be respon-
genre for the actual’ work of Ribes eradication on the sround, {neluding
“methods of eradication, crew efficiency and Thad ts of eradication necessary
to protect the units selected.
"In the above lines the Forest Service project chief will not
be responsible for exeeution, but will be resvonsible for inspection of
the work and will discuss any proposals he may have for modificeston of
methods or standards with the Blister Aust personnel. If there is «
aifferente of opinion the matter will be considered through the Regional
| Office and the Blister Rust Control office. “The gencral idea is that while
.the Blister Rust Control will direct the work, the Vorest Service will want.
to maintain full information as to how the job is err handled, and the
[ePege ap ae of the wae of ite aporovriation. |
"The: Forest. Service projeet chief will be, résponsible for teeing
“the: etehtapis! adopted by ‘the Forest Sérvice are in effect in such matters —
_@s hours. of work, and the minimizing of noneffective time through careful
ene:
; “The ‘elbtive order of at teak, by Localities ‘and control a toientie,
wild be determined and agreed upon by conference between the two offices...
After this decision the Blister Rust Gontrol will undertake the preeradica-)
‘Alon survey, dneluding mapping and classifying the white pine sarees,
determining the method of Eibes control and estimating the costs. After
“the surveys are completed the two offices will in conference agree on a
a. ‘of operation and determine the areas to be eradicated.
sbi "Phe Blister Rust Control will continue its aractice of advance
scouting to determine the location and distribution of blister rust intee~
cme on the national forests. »
it’ 4) “fhe Blister Rust Control will take the responsibility for
preparation of annual project and cost reports, using such Forest Service
— as are yoo hagas
"Al though the’ qvexeond.. from Camp bosses up, will be employed and
" paid: by the Blister Rust Control, enw the labor (including crew forémen)
by the Forest Service, the selection of personnel is a matter of concern
to both organizatious. This will be handled by « conference of the Forest
Service and Blister Rust Control representatives whe will be in charge for
each Gurem. The overhead w rsonnel will be agreed on and the policy in
“selection of labor. As e mtter of working convenience, the actual hiring
ssefsde sofdw SOOT (6 yturcded Yo tnsmerge off
<tecei sn¢ ulogse Uffy . tetsdo toehowe est dgvoids .saaxet af”
To onfyree si3 to Lie ofbascd .eymeo sht enate ,aoblcqwe {f0 eaadousg
a
-<arpaot at Lf}y desve ett dasotdy ,ieetied dene ‘esate aise’ ella :
‘areP io Tore getiorss Hdd go cahtdothare ebGhT Ww aes Theos: add sot eter
ebusoon colsieoibere Yo adintl baa qoroterrts werd , a0 htap tigre to’ abortion
; ae Sotoulee aiine ens sastota et
Py
a
jon Yitwtetdo gaatote ecivers® sxetet odd watt eveds at WI" | -
‘eo motteaqent «ot sidbeaouset od Pitw spd, gottepexs «ot eidtenceast ‘ad
<0 mogahelTilom aot avec won at slaaocera que sauoe tb Ifdw bas duow ols
ta ek exec¢ Ti .iexserteg’ Jeot “etellG edt dgiw airtabmave vo ehodtom
isnofgexk oat cgucsil’ Setehtamo ad Iiiw tedian adt agtatgo te senate ¥t?s
a Boke todd ak aobt Loris nary, af? eFYte foréned Jen® sePeklS odd bow ool tt6
tasw ifiv sufiveeG daotet adi ,fvrow adit doethh Ifiw fortne) ten veaseh id edd
edd bea , Gel omgd sucted af det ade wod ef aa sokteorrotat Lfet nietrtan of
Me taertcas 222 4 @ew ad? Te aeorevitoe?te
agiess «ct sidieseqeet ad Iitw tebio deetote enivre® geetol oft
eregiam dove ai I6eTte ai om agives? deogot of? yd betqohs ghiahaade old
itewao dysreents ames oe hago tenga te nant bm Biche aed Bra ostow te: exon e6
,ageotore fordacs tis sabetlacol= yd -doatiea te- boca: ovitaken rT: hae
aonittc ows Sif seewisd sonstsTnoe Ye Rog HeoTRR Seem hekturisbud. eG ifbw
-ietberssig edi eiatiebas {fie LoxtaoG dec tetahle ed aoketosh afds “odta-
steers eulr edide off setyttessls Sak potqaom ackoeloutygevise cold
velit’ .edsos eft nalienites Sas seesaco eadit to boddem ect nrbatacatved
* 1 ASTHe gonsieines wi Die eooki ko emt edd bejalemoo ere: eyortoe edt
hat enb hats oe ed meetA add wank tamed ond a te: en
enasyha Ke seides %. ad! mesh Seco . flew lexéneD: fast awtetié od THE
oats geet tbéatid: te. soksudies hed aun aeddescel sald eriacreadeb of goktwooe
; uebuwae® ieaotian efi me neemeee
nat <i di dtendawx atid asiad haw Seni ngd out: aetahi@ edt’ -
aoiysed geewel does gazes 4 etroqat wnat fe teeteng Taeenn to nadthebione
: ; .) apache ose am meeeees
beyoteme of [fiw .cr seeued gums sot »baastrere ‘ od dyirodt rar
camer weep saiefaet) redel sat ome gdotine? geal qetehl@ Odd yd blag
WAL ROS” te ‘‘edsen » ef Jeotoexag Yo aottoetes ont ,aobhwret. teers) ads a
| éaavelt add “to sonete'tneo ly yd Be That od fiiw 220% javodtautatato dgod e@
wi egnaio ai od fifw omw gevitatnsest¢st Ionteod tend tegeili daa sotvre’
- wastoe G age fee wo Soeege od Iite fammeet ey beodieve of ieee tet spas
achnis fauroe elt. ,soroinovars ashivee: to vatdew se af vaodal to agkdostes
of men will be handled in the Forest Supervisor's office, though with full
as enh palaaaal and cooperation by the Blister Rust representatives."
nugraed'sn thie aNaRT OF LIne Swe BRADICATION LaAd Daa
i Phe ema of: Ribes dred teation are completely swanarized in
the various reports. “However, # general summery of the results of work
done on all the vrojeets wilt ate be oserul. The following table
raion — ee rae
a ago: se tiLy LeRet oe i & TABLE: NO a 2 .
SOU or BSamL a z RIDES MEADIOATION 18 MOREE IDAHO = 1932
i Nosber ? = Tieiaiaal oo ae a Basis
Ribes | Soray
Hi led_lAppliodl Cost _ et De :
94140,58 inser. Bae 223 alia
| aerogs al _e2| 1.97] |
wes 4a Sh, 81 + BR ALi A 2L |
Se a oo a renee dere
PEd.o) Ba0 52d) an
penery vil B
Vorking
7a ies
j
Strean a
Type _.Bs7931_2,068,0|___480,690| 3,996 | _
Grand Tot. | ai me a
Initial | . |
and Second/
i
oe
pac
$13,952, Bi... 551
aS Ee
———s
i
ee ees.
| |
eat | | |
L Types 1114,690/ 40,500, 911,122.66 92,875 |$296,)15 691 __ er
*Second working was done on stream tyne only.
ANALYSIS OF OF RIBES ERADICATI: ON DATA
| ai RRR ROD Rn ete nee
In the 1921 annual reports for ‘the Ribes eradication projects there
were incorporated analyses of the Ribes eradication data. These analyses are
e
=
list bile cgodd ,aoitte e'stoeiveage®. teetel edt af bolbasd od (itw som to
" eowitad cegetyet tauk cedabkld od? ed aolésmecooe bra no Magtelfraq
ee a ary ze A al a
sick "HOE vd
st Soctverenvea qleselmeos sie soltealiets cadlf te at ince edT
ayow to eilyser edd 2 yiamee forsneg « .tevewol .adtogen auciiay adt
aidat asntwelioy eff ..ieteas od saahaceee fiie atoakore edt Life xo anoh
Te whit pahailitii dl
e ae ig LAT
as ai Sea WY at acini lanl
a ah a ating iar ee erie apa ase vere since a dex sicscaummaesil Leis poeple Jom athe o eee ere
— ataai BOF. S25 of ants ita «2 tata ;
. ways | pt wise ae
oe 2 cae ey
ae Be) | BES ad a. Jae Oe PAR 1 fo ii ets _ 386.8 9. 1a ace AG a
| i “| ~9F repair
‘Ne wal. sac Bac! SRG OUR GAL Sb cuca (Oi MOR we, Qaiek laa rerapie <g
ree ABS. Tie are. ne me Bsc iakiae he ‘
eouna ee ee Se eet a ee gas
-ie8 {ote 0A8. 10. AS nore. | sar
t
fag a
| 20.4_L oe PB E... alae i ae 4
i ; i oa hha 8 i Bei a i hak ‘ SAH es ;
is PS — teas. oh Sal. ae cera “a aie ae
i deg Mace. [ec
Vs sTecle phat Ms ce a Babs. Ploutleah ANSE ae
{ i 4 : {
t ' A f i Hy 3
4 a pri lee Jere ganesh Bs
egg! od L188, fos A SOS Pete | POC sen Q nc MnaQeh...
“| 1 Zz i } |-te
ig | Es i arbi 00. a4 tehatal
2 eae | eae nae te ‘ aban, loa S: oe
: | 7 sf « de Balsitel
(Lo Si Lie eh eS e! STB. 80 nna Se L,af L18,0m.9% Ca R ELI. anayh.f
edn weary s stnende ae saneiei nerd waive. aie"
axe a ieBke IAA |
eins? Hidekaove aoksegoiicxe andhs old at adtoqen fasttina: gers ‘ode ate: on ’
6A caeylens wot? . vedo eoteeo thers. oo @b. jak 2m sieaticiad batanoeraant ero"
APA & M63 Aya
C2 74
hall iC:
useful in the followin# ways, (1) in arrivinz ata standard by which to
judge the volume of work which should be expected in the various tyses;
(2) to men making a preeradication survey because sich information serves
as & gauge by which costs of treating on » given area can be acebrately
@atimated; (3) tn judging beforehand the type of equipment dnd nunbar of
men needed to: work w ¢ivenisrem in a civen time. They are furthermore ©
useful, knowing -the Ribes and working conditions,in decidine whether or not
it is seonomically foasivle to “attempt the Control of DI ARREr mist mm any
given block 9 white pine biabor.
secre. of. dncludine the. individual analyses as was dons dn: 19 Ske
iMpowetvest’ 46 was denided to jthtow al} date together and construct one set to
be included in othe: report. a Fobloming tables aban the results:
Ct
wy
Neer!
yew D:
ro Sushrase @ da eateries 2 (f) yaw untwollo® ed? at Ly'teas
notney aft ef Betoeqee od bivede doidw stow to oewlov wit ogbrt
7eysee aohicertatas soua Aaiieit yoriue aoliaciberseng 2 pater ime of (8)
pings wtge od 689 Go%n BOVE @ mo geideot? to etgoo doldw ud oeacsga ae
®. sedoa bore taemrivee te contd. odd bnadeited gatebot of ©) photomtiead
“outaditst ets yok! .omtd serie a x} avis mvig «@ Aer ot Sebesa aon
fon. wo vorlsede smth teak BE, oHoks thaoe naisivew Boe aedif edd yafwoot , ioters
qe mo gent tedeil¢ to Lortmoa oA degedia of efdteset ¢ffaotmonnoe ek $2
oh vin sein ot tdw to doold aay is,
fant eh ‘BKOb Bee on veee feces feakivtict oh 3 aibatent ta baotant
ot fox ame dssatence bee sodtego? ated Ife wouds of bebfoeb aan $f ,tsvewod
20d Ieee elt worle ete tnd patmalio® ass dtogen SSOL ods bo Bevuloak ed
&. Hand Pulling: TABLE NO, 32
INITIAL WORKING BY TYPES, INLAND EMPIRE
la 3
: =0sbs RW les
1,761
_-710
285, o|
~-—243, 4}
(Continued)
Annual Report, 1°22
C. C. Strong
T |
| {
—
| | _Per_A led ae Daye +
Rites Per | Acres R. ics irriguum |
} Acre Class | Worked es eal acerifo ae Total is
ale = ee eee
ain’ | 701 a aiace al slot
See —
| !
- Cent of Total |
Fo Wis &
Wa +f 4
00,01 int
9 cs
TABLE NO, 3 (CONT'D, )
INITIAL WORKING BY TYPES, INLAND EMPIRE
pm ny a ny nn ee a a ee ee ee =e aoe ieee nee a a joe -_-——=
| { | ‘oe Fm, )
| | jMan /Per Cent of Tote
| | Poe eee Ribes, Per_Acre. gb Un 1s oer a ee ae Jes) Daye _.For_ Types .__
Rites Per |Acres Man R. R. R. R. Rs ir riguun ] Per | Man
| Acre Class Worked| Days lacustre| viscosissinum, petiolare| inerme) R&R. acerifolium| Total |acre | Acres) Days Ribes|
aoe ae ay [aaa Se ee ee ee iene re alae area wo neneeneermneteeerc re tects nle ners erneeteeeem
Dense Pole
0-25 [12] 4. aati
1 32]
al1 [20,745] 6,970.0] 438, 162 |
: ee nT ___ Dense Mature : 2
; 17, | eee 6°, 7| 36,5] 11.5)
276 52.7 5,8 ; 9] 14,6] 16.4] 13,2
| 143 38.6] —_—-62, 8 - 27,11. 27) 951128; 0! 14.6
48 20,0 09,4, ’ : 6 8.8
4 > bo.1| 46) sg’ | ,79| 4,4) 20,61 34,0
2 21.41 457.4, { o2i_ 1.11 6
600 a 5 Od eo ei 1,301, 311,67; _.21 1.6! 5.2
9,4! 21,8] 20.5!
14,2! 22,4
00 22} 27} 3.0
2. one ere 2] 6,685.2 1.8 | 28 a : ee 0 5 = 2| al 1.11 12-3]
All 1,322] 1,295, 4] ae 205.0 8 249. 981100.01100,0 00,0
0-25 [35,6331 4,728,8]| 5.61 2.6 13] 43.71 13,6. 2
26~50 7,830] 2,301.7 24,7| 15,0 20] 9,6] 6.61. 2.7
-100 111,990] 4,220,0 42,5, 38] 13.6! 12 0
101-200 11,382] 6,174. 3! 75.9 67,5 .54| 14.0| 17,7) 14,0
201-400 _ 8,952| 6,720.0] 124.8 9.1 2 11,0 20
401-800 | 3,862 rere 223, 6 203.1 ¢ 1.231 4.71 13.6] 17.4
801-1600 1,936 $405, 4| -__ 257.5 129 Bose, _15,: 1 1.78 2 4) _9 “3 17,
=32200 | _ 1,707.8, _ 227,9 1,907.2 | 2 ee al z
[3201 and up | _150] __e0i,2] 342.6] 4,714.) ae pant eR PO TAL: sl 04 Boner Gs
[all [61.533] 24,816.01 54, GfeseotelA Se). j onli at 1.) 1]. 49 | 46,9], 431100. 0] 100, 0! 100, a
Annual Report, 1932
C. C. Strong
: “SUPILOK [SEYPU IOZ Osoyy aQ pa
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Tables showing analyses of initial hand pulling and sprayiue do
not include all of the data for the St. Joe National Forest. Time
permitted including resulte of work for only 6 of the 13 camps. However,
the data for the ones included are representative of the data for the
entiré group of camps.
CHECKING
: *'Cheeltine of work Gone in 1922 for the purpose of insuring work
of a hich standard was done by men trained for that work. They worked —
under the direction of the supervisor of the damage studies mr oject.
Roughly, one man wae assicned to ench two Ribes eradication came.
. The adoption of a scientifically proven standard by which to
jucge the pathological effectiveness of control measures for tie Inland
Hmpire white pine belt ie impossible at this time. Menece an arbitrary
Standard was adopted. Briefly the deoision was that areas having more
then 60 feet of Ribes live stem per acre remaining after initial troat-
ment should be reworked. ‘This was the plan followed in 1922. However,
the aim on Ribes eradication work 4g not merely to reduce Bibes to the
S-foot limit but rather to destroy positively all Ribes. It 4s « well
known fact, of course, that the: removal of all Ribes, while theoretically
possible, is seldom accomplished in aetval practice.
tay fhe individual reports follow.
J
“}) gekgesce Bar ankifin Sand Jabiiat to. seonylana pakwode no Sin?
ent? .deerc% Lamoktel val .28 add tot sieh edt. te [fe ebtfent tou
stewewoll .2cmep SI ed? to 8 ¢fne sek Brow to ad Turion ariiefork bedd leroy
ad got we in bed to evh: Stee mn eqae aes bubwioa® @anc edt tot wteb ody
/eqast To quota siltme
mp
wyoe zitecenk to eacoimg odd 19% sger nt vag sevow to gatloed? rs
fastcas yodT Seow dat tot Bente sem yt oned euw brabaate teil @ to
Je3,0% aelbertc opameb oft to soelvtecnwe aft to sokdowtib edi tehay
~eowes molfastiors gedkh owe dons of hens ined Rar som Ono .eldasok -
o& apadea a bs Tits we ReVeTS ellesititasiee & to solicohea est.
fron dixd aid setneesn Lovsmoo to eeanreviteevte fsetsolodteaq salt eabut,
yseutidne ao eoaali -emts eld Va elgiaqsogmk af tfee oak etieey ot fqnit.
stom ative esers Jade Gaw notetozh ait 4fialtG .betcebsa saw frabaats
«¢ee1t [atétiel asita anintemex eaten t90 mote evil eadit To deat 06 mpdd
ewewesd SEOL ah Roweliet -malg ad? emer cha .beottowes ad Blwode toom
oct of path eeudet 6¢ plete tom ef attow aohdactbexe sadkh go mia. elt
flew = of 81 uel fle elovitiaog yourseh of tediat aad slatl sockeOG
wi Ys notteroait ativiw ,sadih [fe to fevesen ed? dads. ,setios te . thet avoal
eolteeny Laetosn at adtet fqnoane mien at eutdheses
wolle% edtodet faubly tbat ont -
BOKING AFIRR RISES VRADT CATION
cheat
ey oh Dag: Toy we
_ Suator forester ~~
i e ws mY i fe ¥ « ‘ [ie nopuertow 4 > Be hy hy Et ¥ é |
The effectiveness of Ribes eradication in protecting white pines
from blistér rust is measured ‘by the quentity of BRibes left, This amount,
éven though ‘only “a frection of 4 percent of the ‘original quantity, may
‘stall bé sufficient to cause serious damage to the adjacent white pines,
Therefore, it is necessary to know the status of the. eee sng after
- ae ine
? eradication in'terms of quantities left,
at mS: | PURPOSE on td
é : 3 It v the Schnee of checking | te determine gas quantition of Ribes
a on aréas after eradication, = ~~ |
Pet
Only by an impartial system of samp ling can a fair estimate be
| mede of the Rides qusitities on an area, The wethed employed in 1932:
i: consisted of a percentage cruise by .2 chain (13,2 feet) wide strips run at
regular intervals through the grens ‘éradiceted of Bites, “Hy spacing these
stripe 20 cheins apart 1 per cent of the area was covered; 10 chains, 2 per
cent; 5 chains, 4 per cent; end 2-1/2 chains 8 per cent, |
cond running the stripe a box compass Wes used’ foe rine direction i
oil pare for distance, “The strip data*which were récorded by one chain
segments consisted of the type énd the number of Ribes: bushes aod feet of |
live stem found eccording to species,
Date were recorded by chain segments in order to delimit the part |
or parts of a block on which Ribes were most abundant. From thie information
it wes possible to confine the necessary reworking to only the high count
areas, which in most cases are gmall, i
The data collected on the several strips of a block were compiled IH
ie and the number of Ribes bushes and feet of live stem per ecre by species were |i
computed for each type, This information was available for the eradication {jj
i superviecors’ use in determining whether the area or parts thereof needed \)
% reworking,
At the close of the field season the block data for each camp were |
combined into a camp summary. These results also show the Ribes per acre }
by type. i
aote corel fefmsh © eo.
HOTU SVE THT
eonty Stidw anitostorg al mottsothare aodii le exanevitostie sit
~isyeoma eict etel sediS to ye i¢eayp edd ed bevsesemet darz weteild mort
yam vgiliseup lamigitc odd Yo gneve 2 % ngidosrt a. vise davods neve
wente atide tmesaths edd oF eysmab ewolvee. cameo of tmetoliue,.od ALite
sadie xoltelsqog edi edd Io exdade edd woos oF qraseeoen ef tf 2210 teyedT
oe ages —— te aared wt noljastbera
vod if 0 pats ftmews rit satersies ot ge bios 4 mercial: ath a" pinks es
hee _smttenthers meyer. earn xe
(Ea
ei’ adatitet ee & Bie: ai shiuecs te oatsine: du tienh na aes “labs eet REM
SECi at heoyelaue borden edi sete ce a0 weit itnany 2eogii: fects te: ats
da mirr agitde ebf (teat €,8f) niatio S. yd eelero sastdmeoteg « to betaienco
syadt arioaqge ya wedhl Io Sedzothars easte edd dgronds elavretal ralege
<q S ,enteado Of ~boreves san sets edt to tuso req I drags eatads OS eqinte
afmeo tsq 8 ented E\l-$ bas :3neo toq & .aatsdo & ytaos
mottoetih enti +02 beas 2asw arsqres xod a wgqitix odd antuass al
itado eno yd bebrooey wiow doldw atsh gitde edt ,eonnte tbh 10? gnioag Sas
to J93% boa eetiand sedi ‘te +redmen odd bas oqyd aft Yo Bete fenco eSmentgee
aoiosce of qnibrogos hevot mot, evil
éusg edt timtfeb of reby0 ai stameayse ateds qd bebrooet ew atail
gottanwretat etdd mort ,deabeads feos ovae eadtif dotdw co toolid « to etrag 16
davon Haid ef? ylno of an biverex eragagoon odd axftaoo of sidiascg eaw FE
. dlase ete eerao deom ct doide .esers
beltason orew aoold « Yo aattts Iayever sit so betoelion stab oct
avaw aviosae yé estos 1eg mets evil Yo Jest has eedeird asdli te vedmen edt bas
reltagthars ad? ret eldalteve esw aeoliserotnt eid? .aqys doae 10k bederquoo
heboes tearsdd eftag to serge add tates gaintorateh mi een ‘etoe lvrsqie
ee ts
craw amas dgae 760% stab Moold edt asonaee Blatt edt to seoio ait dA.
etos Taq eedk® aft wore oela atlueet seedT .yrammve gmsa 6 otnt beatdmoo
; - vd
—-———_- _
ee
|
1d
|
i.
[
During the period Jurie25<30the temporary personnel assigned
to checking were treined on Ch baat | in 1931 and 1928 on the Priest
Lake Timber P reining of checkers
and -#-sati efectory ole dk of chalg Sed dS stilted! Prom the! Werke done dur ng
this Wehbe aden In addition, Pn days of systematic scouting gave the men
- "that! pia nee-nd dlieter ruct was found, this work gave. —
tha Fine tartevtoar te not” Rover ikl Rl the’ aay Tate |
addi, rpoory
region,
ee Go: hula Ri Ae Li . ; it
Reet } Migs
OS eam aA
ipesoer
|
The ¢hecking regults | ave been a pnd 1 reported ‘Fhiroacs, of | i
me DB ae workinge-unt te, thee’ report g,- the” Vee of wat che ap Ot ah be i @
ee me
vege aboard Thogal 24.0 | "92.91 8 89,3 38.4 _31,.9|-75, 71 g. | 42, 21
empeoncieareespeaniacin 8 So oe eretection ah
| scaled Meugas, Montana, | ,
| Hat Forest 1.1932] 97,2 | 190,.01 9 Bie) ed Sa 71. . 96,.8| 25,2) 34 Te: ae ed main | f
Frenette Ribes Enadi cata on, “Gieervater Neti cmt “pre st. ue
a Ki ry # 5 4
.
5 Z ? :
ee Pctihoan Renan ae. Peoria nai
| Ribes Bediceti on, st. Joe Stioml Forest,
Maries River | 3952] 100, 0 | 109,01 109,01 100, 9| ide 91.109 20} | a
Laree 4._( Re ne, Gear men ier, mraiectiae
tenant
A SO cnn ie by ea em 4] 26,2 aig it; ek Fe oi. 1 hen 8
Upper &, Checking after
i 7
oe il licetA aia sanded % ites: Hyer” dee:
82,4! 8 Se Re ee: 4. 8 uh,
; est Yi © inber Protective a
tion, 177 tk : ‘ee
Aegsias nearly BRM | Bes Mel. | aa.6 | se. ai eh, 84.3! » A aS AS fe si. a. ma une! IE yo aise 4 460.3 is 4 he g
Sa ire
wit the eter pee on the five forest units (all working i}
mec ction a, theterhi.g been" toupute” =|
me e's
tsk ai a Rb oF Spe eat * type¥ 6: nd ‘all typesof i
ed 8 feet or Te stent per sere AI
devas. sown An ‘eye Ye,” oyen s% is
PUe oe uni ts Were &: Leven oF “ $s On |
et
vic |
ani ee
. Wi
In moet cases, a mich higher intiee of the o re oa) |
brought within the 80 foot limit, Here again it ia avide ‘ ; werk iil
Wee. in general, far superior to the work done in 1931, ‘ wt
The one unit worked in 1932 thet showed a decrease in the sortage I
bs 7 4 4 ¥ x C \‘_ ., a 4 n " 2 ‘ Hi]
unier SO feet of live stem per sere ig the Prigst lwke fisher Protective i
Association, This wae wei ny the result of a deci agian agai
& lares acreage of i deloe wetaure timber thet ran 100 feet of we, BEB
hive stem per acre, [% was felt thet this amount ia mature tisber woul
mot be & sericun blister rust factor ant thet these Eibes would’ be resid a
ahaded ont,
Tot 9 ee eee ae ae ee
i
SS ae
hongises Lenwos ret Neeregned, ent, Otel cask, boireq edd aaixgd
esiqa eff ao £5¢{ na TPCL a ekrdw gaeva att mo Beaters ore an bloeds of
gTeiects to printed tagoreds scld Atok 0 Eta iover A evitcetert tedmiT adad
sitrob enoh xvow ort mort bediyeet gaia anedd te wero qrefoats lise = bas
Gat @ 2g antdvooe olfametay2 to aeysh ows .nokdibbs al holreq alidt
aveR es 2 Pd shave? gaw deur tedelid om sont? blett att nt eometreqxe
ova! d¢aisT eff mf Jnahatds tom ah pektoet ! one tady somebive [ancttibha
0 fget
28. Saae TO%, hadyoges, bes bal Samos pi evad athanpeanhtonde: afis é aor
i {Liv olla, totem to aelsit. add. .edseqet seed? ..@t ta, i eet
8 A overt t0%. eageogl nots aackhens &: eodti edt testa bagot
ot SF Ie ROR ee. St ote Seu eee
mo ttoestor™ chest oanovad edt 0 apthaotoast: eedit zed tergmidoedd: gl ''.
senaiack .aag0a8 preva
Je oral alae Ltisicensan suo ba thers wiaban 7edts an tines Pa
i Meee te
teoret Lomo tt a ak, ee eaten thank errs siieacantuediauien txt
evitosderl tedat? 1siawraelD MObseotiail sedi t9dts aa bised)
0 bisloog2 4
peony ered seliall -y neagt 981890 ihexk s0¢th n0it0 shoew fs wees
oe Ee ae to Bae w beaoo
av tosiert ‘yen! wials deotnd. va0dss the! 29dHi. 195 santon glo yor
ot S3e santroanabganed ‘
ay & gi oy Api euluda & pine
ga kirow Lf8) ) wstng Weed” awit add m0 * Tako te ort "to cane al
beivguoo nead vad ~reds (gets soidgvtotg. yee! oagevad,.end dqooxe at tae
to wogyd Lis: baeserid. basigu..cqyd masita bavoedg. edt, te egataeoteq sii |
328 49g mote, avilte. deat. 88, bag.0e QOL, -b2saz08 od ton bad. jadd Ilaw dase
ai 8 ofds? nt reeds, 8 atab #9 oc]... goitgotbhers, 10d te
oy Fy
a Cae = ae 4 + 2 Sty Z
i ie r 4, : 4 re ‘
ox i Pie a oats i
fg 8 Sh GE i
fe 6 oh cr shy fey |e ares
ee i)
Bie ; i
sedtaind saree “bo <meta BES
ft " sa Ane Re Dee » re Tart
Rew Mess Sart aE me ERS wo Ea SoOGe Td & aa BS OS
: 1 ) *eyigee rer seantr ie
aan Hirewet
NAVE: Ale! ni? 7h. BOLD A,
3 oe ure eer Piapheeye VERS, BER @ OAS. CoS ama
oN g ore
eres Ee
Pree
Caml, KER Hass
Caesar
Nat, Fore st 932| 97.2 he
se he
84,1
Ee ntdatpetas att
noe egy River 00, 0 00, 0] 100, 0
Prie at Lake
Timber Protec-
sre Associe- nissi| 0.0 2| 84,2
_—_—_____— => a
ee
Since a maximum of 50 feet of Ribes live stem per acre was shnetia
arbitrarily to denote protection of white pines, it is seen in Table Wo, 1
thet on only 2 of the 8 units worked in 1931 and 1932 was there any
appreciable amount of stream type worked to the protection status. It is
notable that both of these units were eradicated of Ribes in 1932,
In most cases, a much higher percentage of the upland acreege was
brought within the 350 foot limit, Here egain it is evident that the 1932 work
was, in general, far superior to the work done in 1931,
The one unit worked in 1932 that showed a decrease in the acreage
under 50 feet of live stem per scre ig the Priest Lake Timber Protective
Association, This was mainly the result of a decision against reworking
ea large acreage of open meture timber that ran 100 feet of Bibes lacugtre
live stem per acre, It was felt that this amount in msture timber would
not be a serious blister rust factor and that these Ribes would be rapidly
shaded out,
\
|
(EE pe
a Soe st tennant eats pcan ntiar eineiatinstta ea imation iio
a4, 1a made ay hl. aedih dite ggaeqodh.to 329), 18
Ta eeae e —hneoni ot jg
toe 2S Yep 0
i edd, ie al permed
tra ba
i Ae meen naar
Stel wane’ seca
IOf | ae foore A oviy
batgoba BAY PISS Eee mode evil nadie to set de
Lg aldol Ai .sse2 at oh og art ad tcde. <0 ie pte ot gf buena.
Wa ore sux seer bra ite ad hod ow ad tow + ode “to ‘<. rae 0. $:
ai it wautads ne ttsatoyq edt of beings sqyd. marie “te Janome . al .gq
SSCL at eactl te bedaothare evew eftae Seedt Yo dtod stadt ofdston
eae saséroa Anelgy edé to esatnesred +Srigis momm 6 .eenao taont sI
drow Sée@r ed? tad? taabive ec? $i otens evel .thmtl soot 0€ edt aiddiw Idamotd
ASEL at ench srow aft of yobreqre tet lateness of .eaw
aaaeroe eft wi segeroeh a bowode ¢etd SbCl al badvew diay ex0 ‘eit
a¢ivosdor® yodwt? alat deeivd edd sf a1oa 19q meds avif Yo seet 0¢ sober
ay bly ower ‘enteoe setgtooh a te tives: edt ylaism egy 2id? ,s0ltatooge’
azigeses! coddi to taet OOL mar Jsdt tedmtt etstam meqo Yo egse1da satel «
Aigow Todett “eet Sean at duvema eld? fadd fist eae 41 .e1oa teq mete evil
yloteat sd Aiwow wed Ki sped? jef3 bna sotoa? fear vetelid asoltes a ed gon
xdEF0 behsade
Since it was tentatively agreed that the white pines on areas
supporting not to exceed 50 feet of Ribes live stem per ecre were to be
classed ag protected, it is seen in Table No,..1 that on only 2 of the 8
areas worked during the last 2 years wag there any appreciable amount of
stream type worked to the protection status, .
Of unusual interest are the data for the Priest Lake Timber
Protective Association area worked in 1928,.4 years before this check,
Although all of the stream type was found to support over 100 feet per acre,
81 per cent..of the uplend type falls within the 50 foot classification and
59, per cent within.the.25, .Ja.this connection, it.is important to note that
about. twoethirds of the upland acreage is in the open mature end cut-over
types,
Ce Ai
eS OF #1o~ e7go4 *5q made evil geadif te gest SG beesxe of ton galtsoqare
2 eg to & cla ue dads £08 afde? a2 soon ui $2 ,batostorg 23 bocaslo
to dayoss Sit@eiosig¢a tae rods yew eteey § asi edd anivnh hextsow geo1s
i aviste noltostesg edt et baitow eqyt mesiie
i 26818 2 senky otirw of? sad’? beopge elevitstne?d eaw it somte
|
+ ade? ofad dmeisT etd aot abcd. te ere fteoretat ‘Lsrepes, 30
wicerin aidd ereted ezsey &4SS6i mt batsow sera ao tistogsbA avitostord
r :on08 “oq dest OO! yevo froggmm of Sevet aw egy sewrte ead. Yo fa dgvoddtia
| baa notiaattteeals #ee% Oe ead oldtiv alist sqyd boalqu ed? Yo taso. 19q [6
hi tadv etes ot tradzogm? ef $}..aotdoomco fad al... oS aw: plate tao dr. ee
I] | Teyo-dto ts marten nego edt of ef ares Oe. .
|
A Ny
apy ts
LB) THEY WEL EEE G3 wie? y, Re |
" Yariations in effees: gent P : : | |
re: Ne gel ne lam John F. Breakey ‘0
ime OF Sséo50u, Agent |
ds S iS2ea eeive % TC 2 tie ¥ Thrkoputrrow i> 2 ax F )
The program of the GHémickd eradication méthode unit concietea or
@ check on the experimental work performed in 1931 and further experimenta»
tion with chet cols : we
8. ‘ena. “ethos” or" Bhp lteacion,
a itrect of’ wiithtideb/ Za? St of ‘water. in. one chlorate’
solutions: used per-“unit of erea compared with the effect of
vérieti6ns in weight of sodium chlerate,
be Mie eel of” vartots: Poona setae tf, aay 4 form" to tne” “pofl,
& a. S88 $0861 ' toate ty ® ‘of 5" per. ‘bent, qi} per cent and 16 per
cent concentrations. by. weicht of Atlacide. and. sodium chlorete
sprays.
o. "ntfectivens ss. of Atlactde’ and. Voluiacchteisias shen applied to
serial portions of Ribes bushes and fo the soil. Second treate |
ment of Ribes inerm areas) with these solutions during current
s€a son,
atic q. Atiadide ® ‘applied ‘da: ‘fora. of. ‘Beate.
gr oon.
eaderara tasections of. eepper compass ni ea “nets
£
3 4 ‘sigs Stem, F990
os i pe thalgre itt sini ee Gat #81 ‘the ‘ail eee laa’ AW chuaa Ae
a. Effectiveness of sodium chlorate and smnoniun thiocyanate
sOlutions when applied to serial portion of Ribes bushes and to
the soil, else when applied to the soil only,
Hi
|
i bali
thi
pbodieé aoliaotha® La:
ae
+ 4 z
cet c. Oe a
Me es, ae a ve . “ ou -
Megro GF fox wa letecure
peaiawrore oe Hoenats
wih? wo Pet b adtegey! ss ay ig
3 DwMeTle eoyl Baers
Bo NOTH s ov Fioatoxd
See We eS Sow 8300 oats ets. oe iin Sarodtia
1e note Hints ‘tine afbiivon nbttoyrbers Teo taeity edt tonatgeny off? = 5 {°
~sicorbreqxe vedive® baw f8ef ch Serre tie wow fatatabrégte satin Wedd o
© pottsertge a 26 ghédien bra efile teers’ dd tW nets
Oe
etenelds aulboe al vetsw to employ af enolisinav to jostTi .s
to tostto off ative hersquoo sere to ting 29q beew eno liulog
setervolio muthoeg to tdgtow af eno téalrav
Afes acd? od mrot qib st tatlaqge elas imedo eucivay to qiotroT .d
‘antteed a tei
tog OF bas nen veg S\f.f ,daeo t9q @ Yo ytiotxed Iamoase® 1s
etatelds mutbor fas ebtoalit to triatew yd anctiatinesnes Ineo
2 VOT Ge
o¢ Setfqqa sede eteroids mythos bas sbhtos{tA to sesmoviiosti od
~tasr? booos? ,lioe ed? o3 has eedauvd eadi® te enotiveg Latres
drerirs amkush exoltulor seedi citw eset gerend godit Yo Jnem
te 898
ainch to met at bellaqa ebipaliA .o
xelomos taggoo ‘to exoldoetat awoto bas goct mes ab
ion eft of asottsotiqqa tIis2 .e
stanagooidt murfsomme baa etatetdo maibos To szonovidoett® oa
ot has eorlexd gadih to mofiveg (aires of betiqqe aoe anoltsylor
syioo Ltoe edt of betiqas aedw orls .Lloe sat
*
te
i
:
—
aga
a a
+,
|
ant
-:
; Nal
|
|
eas pst
bo. Effect of variations in volume of ‘water in chemical solutions
used per unit of area compared with the Setubal of variations
* cin: theeweight» of) chemi cals, ;
ce, Variations in effectiveness of chemicals as influenced by the
time of paeeen.
a, Successive ‘tesstenate of areas during current season,
_ @ Application of ammonium thiocyanate in dry form to the soil,
_ f, Best utilisation of chemical measured by ‘the i reabiant of
Ripe man! <3 dla a
|
Be sioakiatt: apeifedtions 6r drenches on R ee aréas using
| hhno oat “Teli per cent, ‘Sel/2 per cevit end S per cent solutions by
f Sidbion basin weight of sodium chlore te.” ‘Second treateent of parts of areas
“so treated,
he ay >be Select ve a orizetsae t to aerial porte OF 3. inerme and to
hied Gal wee: ‘pol! _with 5 per cent and 10 per cent solutions by weight
) of sodium chlorate, Second applicati ons to Bibeg so. treated,
C Jecoha. treatment s ‘to areas, “originally treated with 5 per cent
solution of: godtum chlorate in 1931, with 10 per cent solutions
oe either “‘sodi we chlorate or ammonium thiocyanate,
|
|
|
|
i
|
d, Use of ammonium thiocyanate by a regular credication crew :
throughout the season for spraying R. petiolere, i
LO ow DESCRIPTION OF AREA i
The e: xperiments were conducted on Orogrande Creek on the Clearwater | |
Wational. Porest 5 ‘6 to 6 miles from the Bungalow Ranger Station, This area igs ‘|
& few miles below thet on which the 1931 work was performed, Yory heavy |
fntiae of B. inerme covered the wide flat bottom bordering the creek, i
and R, lacustre were lees widely distributed, The stream type”
was rep sentative of the conditions under which B, inerme is found, with —
dénse patches of willow, alders, thorn brush and other dectduons vegetation
growing in close association with the Ribes, In gene rely the “work ng” 1
conditions were $7 difficult, / Ii
a
ee ee
2nofvgion lapimeds af sejae 19 emlev ai emotjalsav Yo toettt
pachiaivay Yo toetie ede dbiw ter So ayia ™ tiay req bess
aise ksdo te viel add. at
heen serf tet elaotmods Yo geemevitostie al sahisebeat 2
ogaee Io emit
Mop ave Cer soserk «serge Ie ataentaernd evrlesaoore
wite effi od. prot yee. gt cs at nas toons x sotisotlgga ‘
to taawteosit aft yd beage am Lao tneds to. nobhas Lh ise tend. 7% we a ate ‘
socom favk iv iba! ae
# teasbebie”
2acis Seeregl 2 m0 gaforerh 19 SHG feo Flog
“ArT recs
Oui Sa
ud esoliclor teso seq of treo neq £\Le$ Peed Tag a\let
catia YO sited WW tesmiaord Ares st sistolda gar thos: ‘tp. jdgtew
eteert Oe
et Sac coppers 2 to aotirog tah 108 0¢ amottactiqgs. avisgeslea .d,
tis tew yo enoticlos dJas9 139g Of boa tnso 19q & dttw [foe oft
Hoisext o8 esdit ot gactias er bone? §6eterteids surlboe Te... ... eo
Taso ieq C ditw jetser) qlanigiza ,esete,od efaontsert,bpo0e8. 2.
suotiofos tuas teq CL Atte ,ITCL at steroldo ow thor “to xottuloe °
wistegoords smitiknomws te eta1eldo at thoe Teiiio to"
vars aottes thave tale Lk a yd eteneyoolss ow inomns-To of. Bb ,
enaletieg 4 i sateen 1O% itog ne onl twomsyordy
ASMA 4O AOL TSIACS IE CHA WOTIQOR
tavreeiS sit no deeT) shrargex9 so badembaso giev ginomitegxe ed?
gi asta aknt wetted? segmait 1 vot Reni v@ eft moet selim 6 oF 6 Jesrdl Lanol tail
“
eepet an ay
heaxetieqg ese axow [EQL ed? doidw ae tadt woled selim wet s
obo pod ¢elt chiw sf} fevav0s artant 9 Yo eto ft s1tneones
Bae x wate ott stodimteth glebiv eeel eer Z bos .oralotieg
dt ive gharrot 21 aeecenel Aa dotecie ~obay emord aac ods “$5 Setalaasoraer 2ay
witotager arovbtosh teddo bas casi wrodd ,etebla ,wolliw to gerotag oe
gation eat 4 fede ah ed ih edt AGte ne hiatoosen seofo at gah
of URES Cay Tat Ee
vineen Yon ORGANIZATION CAND gost OP. BORK
whe o% aman tere: fab carted. “on By a°érée of :tenymén,
imiepeé oD whe WO. 1°
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES
tak Ey , a oss st
e)
M4 st Aibipeue “Teas ne Rey othe saa wie hp 57 i |
as ‘ravel and Transportetio eee 2 Oe
spray ing pet hods EXDEe nse s 23 69 Se a {
; eo $74.26 9. |
_. The method of fidetiivé the ele d in 1932 differed from thet
uged in the pre lind Heryieehiple-checky meee th LOST" TH 1931 the best « wapowerl
“the obe¥ ohdunit® of Hibey RteM exbrined, THiS stew weak classified my dead,
GB A ditt 18," ‘or’ whi ve,” WHTCh' Weis Hetetmivied bys He Condit fom of thes”
“pertterler bush or ‘rant System ‘to HIGH Theo stem wae Gireotly atteched, The
effectiveness was not meesured by the number of bushes, but by the total
stent in SUGh biel Wine Gh Clinssy Tn "YS, the veiste of the check GH theo:
* _ Yost" WOTIE Wey) the mtiber of Giehed 4navthe Teer of ctem Gent or alfives) -,
te metho Wee poswivle’ tices creat Beal of the unter-tatnty ae to the
Wi SN kA the’ Mites Hhd veens lamina fea.° However, the Me tte r ‘of? determi n-
att * const 4 tikes” a bushi < ‘gtih feet 86 wee Wartetion of ite rpre tats ome”
‘constae ttt) the numbe¥ of busted End the feet of stew c€ untts of menties
ee Sg te AR ‘Vie WHS keep Gn mind thet the: dae errectiveness of the
treatments are probebly greater than that indiceted by the per cent of
bushes dead and less than that indicated by the per cent of stem dead, The
a
ro} er
psi “AS i Me PAS ae 7 - a”
EAT By ‘i
en wad to worse a xe Te bitr'say antkent edT
» tc emis
be ett i ;
tegana ,
esta es EE cs % P<
Regent Ho ne te ioe NN ce RC a eS NE BN
;
Loc a wend
ie eee i
| 89,583.58 : ee
| $0,581 wAE | OS BOSS |
“eC
RS) et TW: Oly HY Seine ie
i mont Dereizih S€CL of et igaer. adt, ag threo 92. i fodian edt
aw shead. eit Jéel. «tl .. feel at ahag Nag olomag. wr saimtlang ogi i, beew
oi ae haitlerelo esr weie. e fat bon imax. mata god ts. 20, Jayoma, ts ee
of? Ie said ibn, edd yd Rentorsteb 2ar doles. gov tls, 70 eldanels agg
ft . ,bedoadia a fost th eaw adda. ard, doidw of moda ye. F0e7 76, damd, eae
Lades. sit wi tvd .eodevd to todwung oct, ud Bericase Jor ear 2s big
eit ac douse oft te atead ad? .Stel ol ,«paalp. motitbaop, dard
vila ve bieh gata te Jest edith. fea. Age Me ‘to. 1a
eft ai 2% yWauladreom odd to Lesh deste 5 sonte. eldtezog 2an, fr dd 7 Hes
sinmreteb to 18¢¢am off yravewol fotanuerte! aesd hat aedt® edt to Lav tvins
Wohtetergradat to seftatray shie of goetdnue ef dard s eetstizenco tadw yat
ere som Yo giflar es mete te tact eft baa gored to redmyn oft qaiveblienoo al
ed? To saexevitodtte ert ef? ted? bole nt gee teom sro ,eeonsvitoetie to
te $oeo veq adt yd heteothe! tad? medéd retsetp, yldsdorg org 2 tnomtaort
off ba0h mote Yo tase veg aft yd betas thant tadd omlt eget bas heeb aedesd
reason ‘tor. this is that when, & particular concentration of Ribes eppes rently
coming from one central root system is killed, it is counted as one dead bush,
On the other hand, if the chemical failed .to destroy this concentretion and
resprouting took place at more then one potnt on layered stems or crowns two
or more bushes with independent root ystems. might result which would be
counted accordingly,
Rithough it is the aim of this project to get an accurate measure
of the effectiveness or toxicity of the chemicals used, there ere other
important: considerations which Such meesures do not show, Some of the
treatments, ‘while not completely suppressing the Ribés Zrowth on an area, may
serve to Open up a’ difficult area and destroy the Ribes sufficiently for
vorki ng Py hang ppliing ae
te gd the by biek of checking used in 1931 is & laboriots process and
aw atE bya’ thé"yalne of the plots in so far as the number of bushes pulled out
is concerned) 4t° was not used Pn Checkine the current season's work in 1932,
Tt is believed that forthe purvdses of mn preliminary Check & measure of the
Ribes stem, classified a& deat, auestionable, or alive isc satisfactory,
. .. Preliminery ‘checks or {ncstetione were mode on all #reae treated in
1932 and” where the-action of the chemical was suffi clently advanced to show
definite resulte the date were recorded, However, any inspection made during
the current’ season permits only & analified etetement as to the condition of
the, Ribes and: the»probablie final results which may or may not be in sccord
withithe true:results obtained by an inspection made the followings year,
B. Spraying Methodg-ss ia, “ols &
Three different methods were used to treat the Ribes with chemical, |
each requiring a certain type of equipment; 4
i, Heng: spraying, | Portable. knapsack spraying outfite were used fi the
special, plot studies and) for some’of the selective work on te sprayin
2s oeeia abd phnitehs the rani: ‘This method: ig ¢imilear to thet used on power}
work during the past seasons requiring a crew of about 7 men, including a
foreman and.mechanic, Thesequipment used in this method ie most satisfactory
when only. ‘se Ribes are treated with concentrated solutions;
“ls preying Baie method was first employed in 1932 for
the. tenes of Rives, hy crew of 4 men ‘were used, e foreman, mechanic,
ond 2 nozzle men; ~The purpose was tocdrench @11 the soi1 on an @rea where
there might oe Ribes, ..Only those spats which obviously held no Sibes were )
eliminated fromthe drenching, The foliage of all Ribes end brush wee sprayed |i
along with drenching: the seil, <The equipment used in this method is described
inthe report.on "Development of Rives Fradication Bdauipment*; It is most.
by
6%
giigersecs sedi te solravtoenes telvediyeg scene gedt eft etdt 10% conser
cae Aeeh sno ee hetswes of #2 ellis wt meteye toot Lazimep eno mo1t gn taoo
NCiieriaasno 2 iid youte of a4 Ll int Leo tasdo..ec). tiv shbasd-tesiio edd nO
(¢ aveda bevegel ae tnieg eae asdt stom ta eoslg dood antivotge or
bivew cs tew ilunoy tisgte suete qo deta Caebaegehat ative aedaud atom 16
sgatbresos bedavson
vragsoe giasuoos m8 deg of Joolomy eftid: Yo ate add af t1 dgvodtia
ugigo axa evedd .beew eleotreda shi to viloTxes +0 eeonevistoetts adi to)
afi to axoS ,wede gos of aeapesem dove dotrw enoliatefhianco tastroqmt
sors oe nO Hiwors ead il ody omtezerqiive (leretques ton” ef tie jetremtsers
wot yidwe ts Fr tire BoGlh aiid ire da bas so4. dio ITiLlbh a ge mege of evrge
| Ds sab jie ciitata tal ae ae: wae
tas Re sett ate Predgsei’ a-et FEel “3 heey at tioeds te aeteye - Odd ad 2388
tuo beline eeteud Veo sdewe of Sara? weed Bn ait sxlav ont Peveey
20Of gi trou « nogase Jnerteg edt. go bieads- ae Bees. tom aew Jf ,banteomco ef
att Ye syiesen « toots. yrenimilerg « to aeatitig wat ot Jad? bevelled af #1
wrotgate Htae a? aeiks ° $a a: er ne anisieeato — ue)
i foteord zacve [Le co shan. euwr-eeet toomenk te. vounde Nila tater es
wore 7 be aqnavee Bliaeic! Veer Le imeadsoct to anigea, odd et ari wir SER!
wivuh shat pottosgenk ¥Sa. Sav eHO! Jpabreost eree siah ed) alleen stint tsb
te ne td Eferoo arid: oF af doonotade fortiianry a yino ei imeee nogses IeTELO, . ont
heogas mt a6 ten ye so yam dofde etiveos Ignkt oléadotty adt bas eedin ont
7 ate a iwolio’ add eB. ne Hoaqand. EB, se Pee od ABBE ‘Aas Agee
of eo reds dtiw esdit off daard of boes aren shodien jnessttib seid? peas,
gtaeag ings to sayt nigives s anintuper doae
edt vo't beew stow géiicwo amkyaxqe voasqend ef datrot aaiiverge bag oy 4
aniysrers: mo vow eyitoeler orf? to smos 10T bre aathute Jol” ssi
<
no Bee ded 09 sel tein a! Dodtem ead? ..
sh sine utes § aueds to wero, a saiaiveet esorese Jeag, odd, erase sites
xodoetg ites dean et hotter wind mb Boas. Janome laos. Oat. etaato em bas suangete™
ane Raclen sisath bilsasiias At. i Ratner? wre yskiat edt 4 laa. fae
net SG of boyeiocas Ina lh eax heaton aitt.. an fyeige .2S8og. f2
yiiseioen yaaseros a beso ator. pom & To y21D A ead Fi to gots erage ‘has
avila sete ge oo ifee att fia: Sailing Ot oa, secgutg ; ‘Get ginson & Ana
orew se od 14 on fl ad Leona ype side eteqe oeadd plat, erat et fre “gradi
howetqe eae daurd boa-meght Lfa ‘te ageitot ad? . .qutdoaetb odd sox? he ec img bL a
o¢imonch et edtem eldd ai beer gxemaiuge ofl sh tos edd gutdonesh , ad iw ggois
deém ahbidl. i gitoomcined apiteg thank nent am papmarlereds, BD, aiaiacs auld, fe
ore agp
ERROR ts nce tras tile fo Aad la:
satisfactory for applying di lute solutions of chemical in large volumes,
For the purpose of clarifying any uncertainty that may arise in
the interpretation of some of the terms used in this report the following
explanations are presented:
i Que stionable, This term when used in connection with Ribes stem
refers to that stem which has been injured by the application of chemicesl but
there ig some doubt @s to whether it will survive the treatment,
2. Special plot studies, These studies were controlled, the size of the
plots were definite ly fixed, treatments were made according to a definite
amount per unit of area, and all possible variables were controlled and
recorded, | ata.aré presented on & sodusre rod basis and all treatment
constituted « complete uniform coverage of the meet regardless of the
a evreDat yew: - —e Ribes Cuaimybeion
3. Exthanice suc, “Mis work ley rdeunted & practical job, ifen were
instructed and.coathed to give arses certain types of treatment, There wes.
#0 way of controlling the ‘exect amounts of chemical applied per unit of ares
or the manner in which the chemicals were applied, Data on this work are
presented on a per acre basis, ‘The treatments given do not constitute a
complete coverage of the ground,
. Selective spraying, his refers to the customary method of working
an atte The men look over the entire ground for Ribes, applying chemical
only to the Ribes or the area supporting Ribes, In this method, acres worked
refers to the number of acres looked over by the men,
& Brosdcast spraying, This method of spraying calls for the drenching
of all brush éu@ ground which contain or might contain Ribes, Only areas
obviously heving no Hibes are eliminated from the treatment, In thie method,
acres worked refers to the number of acres treated;
6. Measurement of area, In the body of this report data are presented
on a square rod besis when the treatments constituted » complete uniform
coverage of the area. Data are presented on an acre basis when the treatments
do not constitute a complete uniform coverage, ‘The number of acres worked
refers to the area looked over by the crews, The actual area treated with
chemicals is unknown, However, in the case of broadcast spraying, the number
of acres worked represents approximately the number treated, but the treat-
ments were not uniform over the entire area ae in the cace of the square rod
plote, The amount of chemical applied to certain spots was varied with the
emount of Ribes present and the physical characteristics of the ground,
a RAs
wamifov setal of Ian heady “te aKe Finaioe ‘sdtri is gctylqgs 10% ‘yrds ste Ly ae
AB Sy ert wee. wile
t otis yon tadi giatsd+eomr yes gakyt fas to eatgiig. add sot a el
tiwolfot ad Sreqer etod al beew emres aid to emee Yo holisterqredat act
> bata ag esq. aA ‘Wheat
ese asin. dete et iisaminos at ‘Hower neds ev ed. alae alae Ae itso) he
Pee ineda Jo setigaliaga elt yd bowtat sead nad dotde mete jadi od euster
Wesitasris ath oe livrume if bea ei cad (F ogi ot 28 tduob moe al eras
Re te ch rd ‘ Peed ner sy
at Sr ee a
+
of? Yo ovty eft .befldrinen ocew sedbete coodll esthiia tela tained 6
stint ted s ot goitroooa shem svau gdacmiserd .bexit yletiatieh sier etolg
fos felfouiaes e1ax eeldaivey old leaog tig baa 19%8 to itor teq tagome
piaemissrt Lis bus aieas box erase 2 po belneaerg ozs sisil...,baht0os
eft ‘ aeelinere: jola. of3 Yo ageteves wretins et alqmon a betsd tance
_egreds eedft ent, to, sokdudinigit
eroy aeki, of [avitosie « bedseeerqes asow 2fdt, -gizog avizgeix! .¢
sew oven? ,inewtserd, Io esayt miadues pasts eviy of badosos bas betoritent
swia te dtus wag 63iiegs fan dmed> Yc efavormea deaxe off satllondnoo te: yer on
ore trow etdé no gist ~ietlgas: e:re9-eiao leeds of do tdw al tense jadd ro
s otod ftaaco, foeseb —s edrentasrd ed? - plead etoe 18q a xe Seder stg
| phasors eff to. egersroo ee
uniivor to botdem yramoiseus sit of erstar ‘git? 9 3 | Le
fas Igoe gtivlage ,egedif tot baworg svitne edd rsv90 fool en od atta 18
beirae.goiom .boddew afdé al @odtif. goidaoqutte acta edd. ro gediR- ont oF yao —
aon it gveve bestool eoros, to; tedaps, ond) od e719 Ter
erh als yo% alien aniyetge to bertem eid
28te ylas edit miatnep Jdgin 20 cis inoy totitw ae bars eve my te
“teas ag gid? cl Jeentaers edd mort betentntle ore gedit on guivad ylauo ivde
pasibonaioas ROTORS ae paheaete ont ot niscigeate | bomios_ ean
*
¢
—a—
belasusta sas adeb dveqer eel 20 ind exit al .6S%8 Us Joomoeties fy
motive stalyuso « tedudttesom: etnontaan? edt “eae + ea om eravpe wiko
eceaniger? edt nedw alead e198 oa we Bsdxesetg ovo ata asta edt to egatevos
bore’ goToe to. sstueg edt ypegaveves nre tiac sted qieo. A” eirtiteneo-ton ob
iti boise aore Laxioe aft yevers ond yh seve bevel gore ert ot er eTor
codemx odd age iqemys teaodactd to: ope ont sl ,revewol « .nrcedae pb eDao leeds
~taont adv ted ,hedeend sodmn edt glotemizerquevetnes sr qet bedrow ge15e ‘te
fot gatos eft. %e sego 863 of os sevg orbits odd tove°moYiur doa view staer
ot} déiw Seiveav eu* stoes windres of betiggas ladinets: Ww tabeme ofk-” Stotq
smiroxy add te coddaivetserots Laateylg edt has teevety sed ht Te tavone
SS SSS SS SSS SES
". Weights of chdnical used in sdletione: H
Solveigg 4% Uvlettde | Bolltinut chlorate Ammonium Thi ocvanate ff
Bea GO 7 We per get. 25/18. perizet, = 5 Ib. per gel )
CCC Re Speer keer E of f
et ee Oe et PP LO! * per |
|
\
nick : ; 3 + F ‘ 2 F 1, S . a sh , z
“Tell. NORE “Pe RT ORYED 4 my Se suis
ga bbe oh Ah RS .
be & . 93] fork | }
A, Sodfum_ chemist Qed ta donuts i for S11 Drencne a"
il Parbas. b 4) test the effecttyenasé ut eéafom Shlorate on all Ribes
specieg when anp ilies in solution asia soil dréenth in mounts renginge from |
oneehalt pount ta 4 pounte per severe: ret set 15 voto of water rangi ne
from 2 (cellos te 32 gtllons per<sovere Tay
yy ethad, The grenches rere applied to tie seth only and no treatment
ras given the; gent t ab bra ha ‘of the’ Ribe a ch
}
Pete ace ee
ts OF ae
ih
io
tet mrtaoun’ starolm) moehe® «.) "eb iogkea motte Loe
ia, eq dE, Se £39 39q.6f Ga: chap meq MENS Deer. ais FX
a ik St SOC alee ach eWakeos to ko} MOS arsiul a
gb Easy TE SAY é o i i , Ov ; " ° . Pek. RS EY ae ea $OL Ort aReiw ey
nadit@ LIhe-ne etsreido sy thom: *e aniacnihtn ed ‘ ‘4a: test oR: Wo ets Get eee
antes? “gee byieiet wine utodoners Lioe » es so tisloe nt baliqqs nedecgeiosge — |
yitsew: tatae to eemufov at hae bor stespy sq ehaveg #03 ibayog Ailsiesne —
OT Oso te 70q anol Lng = od oe s mor t
z- Sie ail
eset Hee jos #08 vine L tor: edt of hetlqua wise vesioaert ‘ont. bodien: & shiigale
igor ong ort 20 are Lotion isien ed’ sevig 23K
% at dee i
Pe re PREY Sr’ Cs i
tye tee ee 3 our ee ee OP eS es ae
¥ Sei Cie i £; “35325 a ie
_ Dee ,
ge sy 2 ie a 4 £
Pe 4 be oi , 2
*: si Side sisttpiet : e- .
nt ty
; Foes Pe
ik Wy
4 at es,
“ yee a
ey é Top Se yee ee
i i my is ‘y
” aay et a. hy
OU
* ¥
wi
>. y + 7
iNet M
} j oe ey
4 es My
‘ ¥ te +} Pa:
§ Sa: Gao hw I hs
a 4 ee |
3 ux x eae AY t
/ * > Wat ¢ x
ae i
4 ‘ e398 a Ea oke
ey st, ig amy ster py
t page 3
¥ y , } ft ay eat He DHE
¥ xe se ve seus a”
; mm rt
z i pa BSS UD
*CS6l SE" VsNnsny payayo syoTa
“TE6L “GEOR BSnsFNY epwE suo 142041 ddy
Ges
SETSTOSL “FY = 7
&
‘Ty
F5a Diaa e ES TOF Tet I
- “TT? a
BS set r2t |
pops] 7
ares spunog 30Td |
oP carina ei ales
: 2 8 ig ow saraat
~~
mousad JIOk TO eTavess
ee
;
an i= Ss ic aa Lee. es se |
i
[
= ores OO pl rnicad Ri > 2a dhl “ | Ss... “Ts
Re
— mond aera
j in i }
wemphe ao oS wand eee eRe 7 mea ok — oe Ee
Sere of leat = jak mya eo ae Aap es es
| == ee es Se ae ae ee a Sele art
*
i & gn f & ¢ *
a oes fenetae ae i ee ee ke Soe rd a i. . On & 5 ee G5 Eh. oh
3 =
Le 86 ; ek S11
wn SE ECE. i a “2 ae Se ee ee = LS. sa Erne wee 3 a Bs
z 5
wi EES cerned sai: ee ge ee ae ENC Some Se OO | Teter ne: Be eee “pes GF pS 7 oe
te ra ee Es 4
» . £% 3 ; Py
S ot ae Pe Meh aon en | seen mn 41 at. $ Sta... eee Be
ith «s * 2. oe + ty ace Ge:
of SBE SE sont Lown — it... a eat seomomne cee re _ whe a a ade
a ee i
SP eye j ‘ : ; $ : o : ef
} => ~ - ; ; 2 f te
swe eg a OE = ee A ne ee a ee i kil
ue G § 3 nm i i. t Z er
¥ : #3 , t S323 i
is (2 RSS Jak ie aie a2 aa = ene ae? aoe ee SS ae: Seen See Se
z . 7 ‘ +f ”. >
2 ee & : j 5 i
BS ae ; 4 ae se cm pees i te ol LE
a Rn NILES Re et Le ee Sa snd ene A asl Rtcenncit cont ee. pmctbncey te Pi Crpcomestin pttleorene
~¢ > : i } tne o- i ey PRS ts ‘ i j ; fs ‘
tar 4 . oc ipa eteses ‘y : tse {<= : Bee-
= 92 4 Ses EE Tee Cao SO ee bs tk Se Fic aghast conniattean bine nee mamenbaon SPS ange
weak +, = bat es
+b tr ee
3 etoile. SRP A
t = : é ? re 7
sot <i: js 3E CS ;
3. Results. See Table Wo, |2, The treatments were made lete in the
season in 1931 arch would tend | toward poor resulta,, Certain indicat
shown in the results which willbe helpful fn plignanine future erper! mente.
work, Wo a préeiable kill was secured with applicetions at the rate of onee
half and one-pount-of “thentcal per gcuare rod on sither Wibes or other brush
species, Oxnetheiplots receiving th¢sa amounts of chemical there was not only
sprouting from’ the Ribeée crowns, but there we¢ a considerable amount of
survivel of ‘the “‘origidal Mibes gtem,—dn those plots receiving 2 p ound s and
4 pounds of chemical|a considerable. jamount of damage was done to #11 be
brush on’ the area.2nd in practically all cases the originel Ribes sten :
killed, ° | Rexpréuting wag all from the-erowns,. Attention is called to plots
Nos, 12 and 17“an' which |2 pounds of chemical in 4' gellonse of witer and
of chemical An gettong of water were applied, each mixture repre senti
approximately, asd per cent solution, °&) very good kill was secured on both
plots, In regard to volume of water applied, 2 gellons per scvare rod seens
to be insufficient, and_amounts over-I6 ceblons per square rod aspperently do
not sccomalt sh ay edditional ‘kill. |
Ay : Chewj in arm to the gus saa wang
iB Purgose, “fo +6 9t“the éfredtivene sp-of varying amount’ of chemi dels
applied in dry. ery stalline form,on reas with heavy -Ribes congpntreti one,
experiments, ere, optlined on the basis of a maximum cost figure of $200 per sere
and a ai ni mum figure | of $50 for material, ‘trensportation and labor,
Be Meths. fhe chemicsis were scattere? broadcect by hand on seuare
plots, | The ered ce tiong we re made to give a uniform ground coverass over
entire Plot a
“Phe Foti ond ne chet cals were ineeks sodium chlorate, ammonium chleride |
sodium hydroxide, zinc chloride, and caletum chloride,
{ t tn
® a
. -
a
ad ‘
_ = £2
t
2 & so
. ,
¢ 4
4
a “
os F
x
.
us +
e ms
i
fm ‘ a
bd >
¥
- > Me
; me
- fi a vt
ie e.
}
<
+2
= “
Fe s
" ;
iat!
. > y
%: Co} ne
*
he
“
; 2
i
Ps
=“ 1
¥
—
ao
=
.
‘
e
a
TABLE NO. 3
RESULTS OF APPLICATIONS OF CHEMICALS IN DRY FORM ON SQUARE ROD PLOTS
$$$ —
Chemicals Aop R, petiolare R, ne rme R, lacugtre | Per Cent |
Plot Bushes Fee tem | Busheg Feet Stem Bushes Feet Stem] Brush | Se
No, |Pounds| Chemical |Dead| Live! Dead| Live} Dead) Live) Dead) Live, Dead| Live|Dead| Live) Kill | lit
ra
aE Anes
50=75 26-4 |
= 2 mae 91} 78 1 ai ~}) 50279 | _26- _——+
a
Nacla, |
ee ahs es, 10 . Hats 30} 25-5 —|-9__ =
8-1/4 eee |
y ah] ctl Cac
= ee
a a mia SR
NaC10z
eve oa
oc eee ae ee
2-1/2} NeC10z
47-1/2| CaCl not ie Q |
NaC10, 60-p
age pio a eee eer
ae NaCl;
a
ae
18-3/4 ae ee ee ea |
11-1/4| CaCl, 23 senpeer 0
3-1/8 Ti, c1
9-3/8] CaCl = e Q
12=1/2| NH,C1
14 oie CaCl, 50
Bd a ea OO
12-1/2} CaCl not{ chec| ked
6-1/4| NH,Cl
6-1/4) CaCl he 4
faze cotte | {| | | oot CE
17 |22-1/2} caci not| chec| ke
1-1/4) NH Cl
fe ci CaCl, not| chec| ked
NE, C1
eel ie — not| chec
ee WO ae Po
ReSVE ane 642] 0 1 7 20 5-50
5/8) NH4Cl
1 |11-7/8] CaCly 2| 338] 57
a [es PREREE zee
21
oe Ci = eer
12-1/2 CaCl, 33 : 83] 116 (e)
6-1/4] ZnClp
24 6-1/4} CaCl Q 4 1188
6-1/4) ZnClo
25 | 18-3/4] CaClo eee 358
1-1/4] ZnCl5
11-3/4| Cac
2-1/2] ZnClg
27 |22-1/2 Cacls not
ss 3-1/8] znClp
28 =e Cacl not |chec|ked
ZnClp
29 Pe CaCl i olieer.
|
am
me
iO
_366-p
= KR inerme; p = RB. petiolare. ( CONTINUED ) Annval Report 1932
Applications mede September 6, 1931, H, E, Swanson
Plots checked August 8-11, 1932,
a |
| | Chemicals R. set iclare ; er Cen
eg Bv a Feet Stem! Brush | Seed-
| Plot! Applied Bushes Feet [Feet Stem |
han thai ha Chemical) Dead iis inane ca = Live| Dead| Live] Dead! Live| Deed!
inti,
| ae 45 CaCl,
283/a| Gacte HHH | |
31 |23-3/4| CaClz 0 .
5/8] ZnClo
ee Ea CaCl an ee cke
|
cecte Poss a pes er he
Became : = OY
Si
2-1/2 |
ss [ae] Sa ann nnnae ae |
rar
afb te tet |
Sheipheat-——[ : SD
[alist t |
ee Sap |
mE ae rie
39 | 12-1/2| CaCl 29 155{ 428{ -
|
nl on
qe)
6- 1/4| NaOH
40 ;
NaOH |
4 CaClz 2} 23 74 480] - | a= = |
Nao |
42 CaCl2 O| 19 | 118] 263] -| -J| - |
F| | 6-1/4; Nao | |
r/ 13-3/4| Cach | , i
i! | 43 Bro | oe een releeed|
| | 3.1/3] NaOH | |
| 9=5 /3 | }
|
not
1 |
| not| che|cked| _ [oun ee Soe ; an Exec) H
not h ked | 0 | aoe: | |
_not| che! cked Eee anaes |e ae
poalas
|
Plots No, 54-57, chemicels applied in solution (16 gallons per square rod)
izR inerm; p = R petiolere, i}
Applications made September 6, 1931, l
Plots checked August 8-11, 1932, |
Annual Feport 1932
) EK, E. Swanson
jj 4
C pebehthe See Table No, 3. With the exception of plot. fo. 1,-0n |
lois ii 21 pounds of sodium chlorate and 29 poumis of calcium chloride were
applied, there wes HO satisfactory kill, On this particular plot excellent
results were Obtained, However, equally gati sfactory results can be obtained |
with a smaller amount of sodium Chlorate when avplied An solution in two |
succe ssive tren ineate as shown in other experiments, )
i
oy To. compare the doxteity of 5 per cent, 7=1/2-per cent. and 10 )
a) per, cent by. — of Atlacide and sodium chlorate sprays on i
2k petiolare, | es |
¢
“e. To. test the’ seasonal tonicity of Atlacide and rieatan chlorate
= ie Re | PEATE: on Ee SoRLllb ies i |
: tte Methbal There are two importent Sonaidwsdtt de. to be wept an ami nd it
rl a ants gtd
Be The duperinent wes to test the fixs dity of sprays on BR. petiolarell
he method of Spraying the serial portion end crown of Hibes
eS bushes used by regular eradication crews for treatment of
io & petiolare was followed, “Since this treetment alone is not
_ the mogt successful method of treating BR. inerme and RB, Jecustre si]
the results secured.on these. mies! areonly incidental to the i
' mein purpose of the. ‘experiment, |
|
Hl
}
|
;
}
|
be The experiment Was bondteted bye , etude erbaicdts on crew to
take it as comparable to averacé trew work @s possible, Although |
Atscan not be presumed thet ‘there was a“uniformity of ‘onsale i
of all Ribes.on| the plots. the experiment wes sufficiently large |
| tovedequatély test the effectiveness of the various solutions it
4 Mader conditions ii team eke of regular chemital eradipation
Pip re pions, : I
test |,on ! rea!
ao
pot? | i it
| : : 7 taat
re ie
et? |.
ot reg)
re : r a0 f
& .@ S18at
£5.55 @r diiisca eyana2 aTAROIH mu 1ace UA HOIQATTA Wo _YTI9ICT Jawoease
sial
saiad to
EBige jaot94 Y¥SIgs | bregzi
71 orrg : “le 18% at] ste [isdaa
91 ¥s0t iece | on} er9A
| sof ofS | teer
a
i]
} the WILit me f : Be Bak i 43 Jkt - DAL 2 BE, 5
16. CORVTR Get ay OP RRL Gs f }
i: oo ARITHMETIC AVE AG! 5 OP. THB: PERCENEAGH $- OF! DEAD: BS BUSHES BRD STEM
is ye turac onQW THR EXPRRIMENTAL PLOTS LISTED IN TABLEOWO. 4, GROUPED ‘
ib of the bush gE 2cONDE Ne. TO. DATED SPRAY, CONCENTRATION (OF “SPRAY, 7
r eathea of ting fe. L°AMDOTIME OF SPRAYING |
Ney
i Tate. | wel aera q7 | 4 a 59 30 f [301 791. Wl
7-1/2% Solutions [8165s] 8913 ahccgasT os at ae 65 | 94 fll
lt 95_| 99 | ssl 7a 33
; 3. Healt See, Tables Mo. 4 and. 5... oscctble to mbke a: » cont ae
Pe nicaacieathe ¥ Be ‘fe detec and’ ‘sodium chlorete were a ghar i? effective when Atlacide |
©°°Swe's used in amounts which provided’ “epproximéte ly the aime sodith
‘““ehlorete content in’ the Atledcide spreys asin ‘the corresponding
sodium chlorate sprays, In these sprays 1,4 pounds of A tlacide .
were used to 1 ‘pound of sodium chidrate. ‘ta achteving ~ ty
ORR OR EM epproximate ly’ ‘the game dépree of Ail, "2 per gent more Stlactée” i
| soe OS ves “886d than” ‘soatum chlorstes: 8 ad wa |
she rin Tie 0 per cent bBTHEE Ena killed 33 per cent nore “oF the tober” soa
' the iar RO r “pushes: ‘and 2 per cent ‘more ef the stem. on the plots {i
” - sheds _, Shar ‘the er ‘cent solutions; 7 il
c, Spraying performed in June with the three different concentra- i]
“ttons of spray killed’? per cent more of ‘the | totel 3. peticlere |
“pushes on the plots ‘then spraying Gone in July, end 14 per cent”
* gore than epréying done fn Nuenst, elthough the June spraying
“Killed 4° per Cent lessor ‘the ‘stém. However, attention ts colied |
“66 the “excellent results securéa with & 10 per cent solution oF” Iii
dt * sodfum- chlorate’ on s atfrerent ‘plots: ‘preyed fn Bugust., * a
rea tae et: vere it
‘ “Oh thé°basts Or these results, it is recommended that e 10 per cent |i!
solution of sodium chlorete be used on all knapseck spraying operations for
WAI Gh Beneve esate
BaSUO RO as a ,
~ g¥ARSE.. TC 5 SOT tan
x ae, a ; * . * a eleboties Tes pease @ te
~aianoal oanen} WE €. 7 ee See 22 a
iaete Ltt W622 21 td naps * jp odes S| peeks 4e%! ommil >
(ess oe e eS fete tat | |
aie ee re
Prue eh eb 4ee pec | ae | ia fase | ae bb "
{ } b —
Lar il ss. yeaa bei es | or i , eit ies
Pe ee s ott { aotdat owe gist rs
slog lil nedy oe tae 9 herraerest OI OFS Cpere me bboe bee ebfsalda s
al Shea san ott Uetamixorgge bebivor¢ sohdw gtavoms ai bear eae |
sn ibacoe s1t69 oY nk ee egssge Sbhlosltd etfont daotges | ei erolds.
ehingtii to a baw ee bA ayetce beotd al weystad etsrolds susibos
peivsindes al ...staroldo muting. to dawg tod fees. ate:
ehtosid’ @rem gaso teq os ihe to eerTgah exae ant qiotsmixonqas
: MOdartel: ito | ‘ou ibee sont | peed aoe 2
tf
»
lasek eat Yo: vie — TER Fe ‘Holle eno ttelon ti te or bien
stela art so mete | ‘ond te arom fap Tay © bra eorend oy sialelieg 1 :
mnotintos mane ai &: ‘ne ants
¥ evdneoio isecavitel eerie ods adam. dat. a hier ms pactqanae re
2 ako t2g i Lated ariz- to som tage Taq T boll fi ystge te eaets
juan teg Sf Sos .ylel of encod aniyarge aad? atofa sit a0 aedeud
mn ae si yerde aml att dawottla giesgoh wt sab mrlystgs gait a
| boflas 2k aotinatig ,reyewok ete 23 to e2al ipeo tog 4. peli bf
to adktufor dues teq OF o ddiv batioee’ edige or jnollooxe arid: od
qieagA tt heqerat atelg dnsaott Lb. & a0. ne ng Shor
janes ‘aq Qi dat. ‘bobhaameses- ‘et ay ative ‘seed? to 4 as: “ect “10 |
tot gad ti atege gatysrce re ifs me a fd. a nroldo ae tq aottulos
the ki Lling of ‘he pekiolere, and thet all spraying be completed as soon as it |
is conveniently. possible after the start of the spraying season, Wxeellent |
-regults.can be secured from cereful spraying in hugust, A thorough
_saturation | of all leaves and stems and an application of spray to the base
of the bush where it enters the ground appears to be the most satisfactory
method of treating §. petiolare,
a. To find a practical method of destroying all Ribes species,
ER. inerme in particular, with chemicals,
2, Method, Refer to pp, 1022107, 1931 Annual Report,
In general the first treatment consisted in spraying the serial
portion of the Ribes to the point of dripping end spraying the ground
representing the root distribution of the Kibes until puddles began to form
The sécond treatments varied according to plots, These varistions will be
discussed along with a consideration of resulta
3 Eegults, See Table Wo, 6, It wes possible to make a 100 per cent
check on plots Nos, 1 and 2. In making the check, the actual size of the
treated area was recorded, This showed that on the area recorded as worked,
approximately 50 per cent of the ground was ectually treated with chemical, —
& higher per cent kill of R inerme was obtained on Plot Wo, 1 Hy
than on Wo, 2, ‘The treatment of these plots differed in the method of apply. ||
ing the second dose of chemical, On Nog 1, the roots of all R. inerme and B, }
dacustre were heavily drenched whether they appeared to ve alive or dead and ii
the eerial portion of any releafing or resprouting Ribes was sprayed, On Wo, i
2 the treatment was the same except that the serial portions of releafing or
resprouting &. inerme and & lacustre werenot sprayed, On these species only .
root treatment was <iven, .
Because of the relatively poor results on plots Nog, 3 to 6 a .
complete check would have been very difficult and of little value. Less thal i
5O per cent of the R. inerme and BR. lacustre bushes were killed, The ‘
variations in the treatment of these plots from those on Nos, 1 and 2 which iil
probably contributed to these results veres less chemical was applied; area all
was sprayed later in season; insufficient time elapsed between first and ||
second treatments to permit much resprouting; and only resprouting Ribes were q
sprayed the segond time, ||
2s noo as Betelgmes ad gatyetqe Jig dant bea satsloites a, to pats pa ond
tealfleor’ ,wcease aafyerae sft to drade af? ratte eldleseg yinstineyaes ft
cgroredt A ,teo,cA at artyexga Leteres moxY Hermebe of? Rao ed iva or
sad oft of wnce to noltagliqes as bax emede bow eeveol Lia to, soldarnuitsa
yrotoate tian deen oft ed of ermeqaa’ haem od gxetns, ci 3 exedw dend edd Yo ,
’ Waehotiog A gatltsord Yo hod sin
faé_ttaivas st ebtoalis bas od a tbo ts aduantaaaT ovtassaased
ilove eedts | lie Caebeee 20h te bodtan- Yan senate a hatt-o? oe”
miso hess sake eralieths, aa wh ha
“geoqet Tatmek PROP wotdeor ey OF eta eee
faites eff anivavgqe at bets tenes Srewtaert tae Pt act far os g Oh. hee
Seuorg act eniysser baa gataqin& te iateg add. of eedift axt 1 no ttzoq
MOT Ot maxggd avihtiry Thee wedre ody We neNod sets toby “ade ‘po tiacyatget |
ad {fiw encitalzay set? .etola ef gatirvesos beivay, ataemtse1s hacoa, aly
caus : wiivesy So ao ttarsh ents és te anti ‘Beeatoe Te
teas teq OOL # oalam od ofdigeca aa¥ st 48 oe stds aoe j
afd .40 92 te Jactoa eds; goog adt aaiven af. «Sf bos. t 308) waéla 10 ioeerlo
.badtow aa bebreget sets edt a0, dads, bowode, ata? abebr0997.. 2av,e9%8 bataord
el aolmeda At le fadacr Uigutos, san amor: odd 20. neo 34:8 O@. yledemixorgas
il Lf ow oft ae ‘Ben bad dé, saw. ase, i. to. need trap, 184, ods ti a
«iqas te bovier ast gf berottib adelg. aged. te treiteotd . att ..08 .08 a6 sarlt
O bos eptent .< [fa te etoor aft gh. go%, 90 mi ae touts. 3 to. geod tT eies ant gat
‘fea Bseh ro ovila od of botasyga ysds teddeiw | Hedorery “gh tvaod sien etigsoel
8. 20... beyenge car 99d. we tdwoxge st ae wittesian. yas te adifaeq daives ent
i 28 satteelex to ae tfrog fatree. ant, darig igaoxa. tank att. Bak, dosndaerd erid &
(yino eetsege saad? oO 4howsyge tosexew Sidavoal i. bo ai ant yok. gotsvorgqeet
pmcljny aaw “Guemtsets soor
| a. of E ao ee tole. no ae ive os "90g ylavideler adt 4c aeu aa 06
li catt seed .etlay el¢eii to. boa tiegktith, yrev_ased svac blygw ageto stelquoo
ex? aboli tt exes sorlesd, ortegoad. fh. Die veer xf. ond, te Sno req 08
dotte $ bas f .eot ag. sa0cd mort, stela,. paed?. to. da omy cor 3). edd | al ano ite hav
sere ibetlaga.eaw Lz agtwurds avel . ,ersyr at fice on. epeit ot, bstudiadncs yldadorg
| “heres tax2% now doo heeonts snl’, dasiottivent, imogsee at retal beyatqe 2aw
| orev acdit gridvorqasy Ylao bax raaidireage ot dou gforog of atmamtsors Snones
i cena setts Libel ane boyetga
STE Eee
4
\
The kill on plots Nos, 1 and 2 was heavy on Ribes and brush, The |
area wes opened up sufficiently to permit the eradication of the remaining hy
Ribes by hénd pulling methods ‘requiring less then a man day per acre, On the |
other plots. an edditional chémical treatment.is necessary before the area
will be ready for clean-up work by, hand,
_ ‘It is estimsted from the results of thts study, that heavy R.inerme
| ereas can be properly worked at an’averagze cost of $40,00 to 550,00 per acre,
| i ray
1 t
ft }
. ea
| |
: | i
im al, |
Wi
t
if i ii
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i) | } h
i
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|
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al
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i
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i |
y if
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bit
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SS SS =
SSS
SSS
SS SSS ae =
ad? ,festd bes gedif me yasd gar S baal. ok ateta no iftf eff |
atinianey edd Io oo ease adi ifeseg oF ylinetottice gr beveqo bow sets
eft a0 9194 29g yob wan s cad? easl gatrivpor eboddem aatileg hasd yo eedta
gots Of e10ted yisersoon at toemiaary fagtmars lacot?ibha as jetela ‘redto
baat qa inte qu-neelo: ‘tet aer’ od S720
omer t & yveol jad? ,ybrte etdt Yo etiuveas: sf? nest hotamites es! 31° :
-eTog. T9y OO Af of OO.088 te deco sastsys. na Ja betrow ylsegotg 9d gan esete
ey
: oY Fe? = y “BRET {geRFeY pergeuP rest ey Poyeary $40T¢
‘ “squenyoany jo" ‘yango08, Parton 405 qioday Hey Te6t ur vOt a ‘c “ON @TGBE vas
err baa TA GHA STAHOTHO MUIGOCS ‘BO GHOTTAQI IGT A SV Ieesgoce.
: Ses 10e SN1_OF GUA eNala WO enc Imes Jalssa OF
| xe g | 8 eno geo 92 | a8 | mss
oe an
rs er las ames: Via ee faasne
| = 42 [sobs pen ive suse
i 08 ? et <a | tbe at a Ae 1
a: j++
2 S jones I Ae i a | . nV en ‘g ce ae ries coo. SP
r | — i
, “il ao ffs fost ees _| loss pape th out 2
Ls 7 Cam | ieee. 2 et: as Ss a oS Cee Sa a ee oh Eas eee a
| : weinemisert to taseooa baliadeh 10% droge lawnanA ffeil at AOL .g 26 OF sida axe
ECE ,tamyerA befoeds .[f°f ak boteart efolS
ho. t et ‘the. ei i be ago on ‘ tidlere,’ E: inerme' ena
¥ : e when bioited in’ the oa ust’ to the bushes and
| F
a 4 = *
7 Tihs eid. + fulive é¢aert 1 to ‘ bg if Le
t " ny ra
i % .- 4
j |
id }
P, ; aT te tab thea Fas rare on’ B” oer scale late in |
je font 1931 with & dusting machine purchased from the Chipman Chemical |
(ea Engineering Company. Considerable difficulty wes experienced with the {
BS machine which resulted tr anunéyen distribution of Atlacide over the area,
> Algo more time and aebor Was Tequi red ‘Wan® shoul be? necegse ry, ° Ins far as
3 possible e fine layer ofa Heer ae ori wei Ly gab over. ane the: Habe and the !
>
s0il beneath them ** ~*~ * BS ti OsrAre ls Bs ed, ~y
e sult, See! Tad leoWo.e 7%! y Thee uneven: dist ributiion: of» chemicel, |
) resulted in a we ry Unevel® KI) over the: plots... Preemebly: where, the, create st |
q KETEtook place’ way’ whee: the heavy applications: of: Athecide dust were made, |
Le... 015..' td's meithodor. tpn lratiion does not compare favorably with the
| standard spraying methods used by regular eradication crews, Although a
| more suitable @usting machine would probably reduce the amount of lebor
as required and give @ more even distribution of chemical, it can hardly be
r expected that @ suff4 Heit saving could be made td make the method practical. |
% Since the amounty Of Chemical’ weed faited to kill a sufficiently high per |
Pl cent of the Ribes, a taseer: vapnioo hahah E ishyrigaae be iheiabitamtid yh obtain f
I satisfactory results ° oo & mee Or Gn ly destroying plan mn |
cus a as I
e se bE} se Soe See Pe ee ae La . 4 ‘
ek alae i spSvuas or are uscasi ON OF ATLACIDE
py expe ns a pi =A 1 Ow mur OM muna
° hee | ‘Peothwaane -
: 4 Bohies a Ge wie: 3 Te of O£,, }
2 l-~es Stem Hos 4 «|
fe I Ye ea Reales 4 toa abt inal
Chemical applied “Bogust, | ‘I931: tianlian aia 164 “i9Sey
Size of plot - 1/2 acre. |
Cost of work « $65.00 per acre, 430 lbs, Atlacide per acre, 4.4 man days per
acre,
ser ee A
hxs seyect 4 ,stelotteg \ a4 ahtoslta “ vi 5 rad ery ltueg oT a
Ste seregd eft of Sagxh Yourre? ef¢ wt oat meer Sttamal oh. * try
ates
at etal efaoe [fame a-no Senreireg 237 inom bregxe Slade | bode .S
fso ied memgq iis, att mot, bokadamerg ‘en tdoam giiteob « dite Leer Taga A
ens dite beoasitegxa ese ys iro tttte Old srebighicd ~~ syreqmod : ‘anit ssn tual
29718 a03 revo abioal#é to nofiedingath Gov aus og of beiiveor d>.telw an fd5 am
| Ba tat o¢ al .yrsesscom od bigere- naff ferinper. sr. total bes outs rom oels
oct fa eed eft Ila reve hearge eeaw terh ob pal a t xeyal entt. & eidlasog
pee i aencd ikea
isoimeris te sofdudivte th nevens eAT X 8 olga? Sez. we tli at &
teatsors adt eredw qeldamvesr? .toly add reve £1 ht: revers prev s AE Bos lue or
Sher ater teyh abiogltA to smtisotlags yeaod bid patete, ear eoata oot If bi
sif Athy yfdarovet stagmes ton asoh neitsan tage: to Shaded a tat. be.
& MgvedtfA vewess sottsothaye tslirge1-yd Bear ahodt om ga tyotoe “brghoate
todai ‘te tavons edd epeber yldadorg fierow Sxinoam gattesh oLdat ive stom
ed yvibvad mao tf .ieo iments 46 se Pied ivte tb eve som s svta bia berivper
Asoiiserg hodien ett wlan oF ehem sd bisce an hyras dnefottige @ tadt betoagxe
t9q Agtd yUdsosiobltee s ILbiot belial-beeg lesiaedo-te atavome att 90nt2
tistdo of yraresoan. od | atone i tile prone negra @ ,eodth. ‘ed? to inso
hengerovealh i iG ie Farioeta teas
4,
Pod
ee ae
ot oe eet eee oh
tu. OU LA man BH
taeit on mete
AR AT e Deo:
a asi aay j iL tee Ke
ne | | Ar Rpm co
QO. TT fs is ja ete TL ele :
ECL gOL tadmetge?. Benicia send fer ~derraA hetiqqs Lao imexdo
| ; 5 6198 S\L « tolq to srté
teq eyeb mam }.i ends eq sbiosis woot OER, re meq 00 ee ~ x1ow to teod
: 9198
#2
| 2, Stem, Kootend Crown Injections — | |
1 4 total of 166. bushes on 2.4 ecrés were injected with a copper
| complex peste. during June and July, 1931, Approximately 3,200 injections
f, were made and 4 gallons of peste used, Actual time spent finding the Ribes
bushes and crowns and making the injections was 1781/2 man days,
“This. study,is more fully described on pages 100-101 in the 1931 |
Annual Report, The final check on the area in September, 1932 showed the |
following results;
| 39 BE. inerme buehes treated. 1 bush killed, |
: 9,287 feet of BR. inerme stem treated, 3,365 feet killed,
| | 77% petiolare bushes treated, 11 bushes killed, |
| 1,992 feet of R. petiolare stem treated, 1,183 feet killed,
|
This method is ineffective as far ag this particular paste is
i
| concerned, Any method requiring root and crown injections involves a creat |
iP amount of labor, principally for locating the roots ani crowns, |
|
G, Salt (NaCl) Applications to Soil,
1, Purpose, |
a, To test common crystalline salt (WaCl) es a means of Ribes i
suppression in stream type, i
“ee
:
} b, To test salt as a means for entirely destroying plent life on
stream type areas,
2, Method, See Page 99, 1931 Annual Reyort, . i
|
||
3, Results, See Table No, 8, While the application of salt as made i
in this experiment is not e practical method of Ribes suppression, some of |
the treatments demonstrate a possibility for entirely destroying plant life |i]
on an area, The results show that:
i
& 7 tons of common salt per acre vere not sufficient to satisface
Le _ torily suppress the Ribes on the plot,
| b, Prectically no kill was secured with an applicetion of 1 ton
ea of salt per acre,
c. Common salt is more effective on other brush species than on .
reqyqon 2 diiw betoeiat arow esioa $5 no pedawd Saf to [esos A.
ssoigoelat COC,# gletamixerqgA FECL .ytul fea envl aolieh-siesg xe qnoo
cog ia add gat Degtt 3 ‘rege ontd TautoA . .bege sjeag to enoiias & baa ebam e197
yah eam S\I ofl paw pacity afe.t.. ad# ae Bios tas andor’ ‘has aedeud
“G0 eenaqg a0 hedixvoeah yilot oxod ef bute ‘gia?
Tadesiogs, at sare eft ao xed fant? fat ,dsoged Lesnaaa
sediiget ‘se iwoliot
phat Lik dancd f.. Aataent pe ‘df. ania oe 5 te fo riba nacht
ielipl gest 655, .fedeer?.cats, goon 2 to Jast ake ye Me a as
wool ibs eatin sid ik . «batewsd aatecd stalekisa i yin
eroilia geet f6f,f betes note ayslotigg .A Yk ret ‘eect
eh wteeg tsiun iad s/tdt es tet ae ev oat tem? of bodionatdt .,:
janes a covieval sactteetayt avers fra doow enbriaper .beddem qa | sbepeoue
mere tas eteorvott-anthdap of —_ “flexion? +e. stodal to . dao
siietont meinntiank Sa te
“ec o ” 8
ead £5 te Peer. 5 BS (Baloo Las era cies nemmos. vast ‘of. pee —. baplite i"
eit See eaves ‘ eh ua) sseeideithel bakes aoden eG gue...
no eth doalg gahyo veiah ele athe 16 anaem @ BB ‘diaa ded. or of
Beers eg ys aasiie
3
roger Laaiusd freer see et e28 . oddou .%
ehan aes Jian ts sortie de add ‘wltat A a. ofaat eck wiiueok .&
to wro8 wo lgeerggys eocit to be dieu isoivoctg 2 Jva ef tnemtvegze eldd at
aril jaala amivertesh alotirre aot ytiflidinacg 2 ete tanomeb avaaud send avid
_ plas “woely berciaha oT wate te no
esate tian @t dneto to Jom Te? orOS 8q. Ave RORRBS : to auek ~ f.
dole wttomo ea0 ih oat sath dap vine?
so? Lf Ye lacks ac tleqa th a he bervges oBy ot en: qiisotisect” hare care
' ; pts 124, atae 7, vs
i. ie 4 >
ane vhs Et rd Ae Bhat tee, AeA
no cat? ealooge seo gad? go svyijoet te sroc ae @iae wommod woo
7 oe ahah “Sesctue tt
ose Ree
a, THe | aad me thod oF applying salt te the crowns of Ribes
is Hot 2d" effective as. & broadcast distribution of the seme
pmount of salt over the entire plot, ‘Where this selective
method wee aged the amount of 11 on other: brush species was
pit ny sin the. salt. was spplied only! to the Ribes crowr
poy |
e, {fhe alt. wag more. ef eetive in Y eghas’ - tnerne then 5
petiolprey =|
; 4 ae 4
i
oid oF tlaa gniylaqs to Sedtem eviiosles ont 5
gudixtea ib
aki arrest?
fsterd +redgo no Ifbit Yo taveéms sit Seer saw bhodion
3 gmrots
*
> east
= s
teaohactd 3 sa s¥yiiostits ea ton at
etola srtinw af? reve Iiee
it to sof
at
SMEAR
sy Ptoal se
* asics
wAtvrota
tH
pe
e Sf
Ge
oo et
ie S23
of yfno Boetiage sav tise ent eonte Gristle
an fifbi cl evtioette stom ear diane edT 2°
a
“i
, i
Winn
Le)
o8.
—s q185 Betoy
wo Tita; § 4 WOT Jo
04 aut =: ‘Ss : THe , spuncg
-xoiddy '
S$ OL SHOILVOTIdLY WIVS AO SLINSH
e
ON STAVi
ea A RE AP LOY i
1 aodt! QOS .£15
ee og’ os @ gist beilaqs tiaé
S tedmetqest Saioes
t
o
a
2 eee
» gtois
ii,946, Selective avplication of crystal common salt to crowns of R. lecustre and BR petiolare. July 14, 1931)
W. 946-2, Dead R. lacustre and B. petiolare one year later, July 14, 1932,
; n a 2 pF te ac
#1102, One year after broadcast application of crystal common salt at rate of 7 tons per acre,
Annual Report 1932
H. E. Swanson
Fach test included the treatment of 24 plots. On 12 plots
the treatments were, made to the soil only and on the, other 12 plots, the. 1
serial parts of all brush to the height of the Ribes were. saturated and... |i!
the remainder. of, the..solution ras distributed uniformly. over. the ground, . ee ||
Table No, 9 .shows the schedule of twelye treatments with the amount of )
aapiiade used. in each, volume of water,,. .. f chantens
|
We «Ty, Results of 1932 Work M
1, Purpose, fo test the, toxicity of sodium chlorste end ammonium |
ihhocrpse le in. soluti on, | |
SP a |
a. As influeticed by the time of season, |
|
v When applied as aerial spray end sot 1 drench, ° \
c When applied as sdil drench only, |
fe? When ae in aifferent. ebiouint s end in different volume s i
e. Then ea ewe in two treatments. ‘aig ai , .
2, Method, These tests were conducted on plots 2 and 4 square rods
in sizé,freetments were made with knapsack spray outfits, \
“pwounrs or. SODIUM CHLORATE AND {|
MMONIUM THIOCYAHATE, USED IN EACH WATER APPLIED ' H
+" Y te aa ee es , 4 Si 5 ~e °¢ ? ae a s *
1 “4 Amount of i
EN i a ee ay la. ae eer ff
Wi
i
oH Hl
of |
|
|
ere 4 i
i!
i
a ok the following. woke of plots * were ‘extedli shed: |
WroW SbCl to etine sh 47
tiw sedogerd [tot fas sa tyergs 94
mi tmonms’ bas s
mutaccma bas steroldo merfihor to yttokrod oft tea’ of .esoqued
wwottufore af eianayoo id?
ereegse to amtt edt yd heonsnltal ga .a
womerh [toa bas ystqe fatrea es belligqas ved .d
eyine donetbh Ifoe 2a betiqasa neath .o
eaculey dasrTettth af baa stnvoma tasrottib at betiqqs cedt b
sio3ar To
winentsetd owt af betlqqs aed¥ .2
ahoyr siavoe # bra & 29 elg se besosrbaog 91998 etast eesecdT boedgek .&
wiitieo ystqa Hoseqsad dtiw ebem s1ew atnaomtseorT ,Oste at
m (8 Sle At
€ eh Wear
Gus STAROIHO WUIGO THUCKA
HO At GU ATAMAYOOIAT MU THOKMA
a)
aC @
CEIIGIA METAN FO SMUIOV HOA! VI Giey at
t
“3
&
at eran
| 30 dnuroma |
} j | {a9 bmosid
: 8 - | § {srerp? r9T]
ledavod [ahruot jebased | bef
(a | ke to redawil
8 1 8 ete eaoliad|
a: ) at jf i] 19% tata® |
3 t j a Lf sn 8 ; f pe, {
ay | oD mm 3 rey
3 a ee Dee Pisani
stofg Sf sO .ztolg @& to saomtsend edt bebwloat teat doal
edt etola Si tedio odi se bas ylxo Llosa edf of ahem grew atnamisert end
bre Aotatias orew 2edifl edt to tdgted and? od dawyd Ifa to etraq Isives
~bavers off save ylerretios bedudinsie lbh aay aottulee edd to tebatemer odd
so tevrome adt dttw edaemtaots eviews to elubedoe art awore © of efdal
wretsw to employ foae mt baaw Lao tmedo
shade fidsise o19" etolg to efse gatwolfot adt
ARMIN MOP STOUR MS AT TST
SE
at nee
& 24. dc canna, rod peal treated one 25eJuly 6, 1932, One.
half. of each plot resprayed at the rate of 2 pounis chemical in 4 gallons of
waa per aU: rod,
he 24 - ‘Aeaquare rod plots, treated July 21, 1932. One-half of
each plot.resprayed August 20 at the rate of 2 pounds chemical in 8 gallons
of : Eon per square rod,
: a ak ie eens rod plots, treated July,27, 1932, One-half of
sek plot resprayed August 24 at the rate of 4 pounds of chemical in 8
eens of wede® per sQuare rod,
ody a, 24 = Qesquare rod mike. treated August 20, 1932. On this set
2 plaka were given the serial and soil treatments combined, On the other
12 plots the seme method of application wee used, except that 1/2 of the
amount..of solution wes applied on one day and the other 1/2 was applied the
following day,
o t a €
& 24 » Zesquare rod plots, treated June 20.24, 1932, Onewhalf of
gallons water per square rod,
be. 24 © 2egquare rod plots, treated July 7-19, 1932, One-half of
each plot resprayed August 31 at the rate of 8 pounds chemical in 3 gallons.
water per square rod,
Cc 24 =» Zesquare rod plots, treated August 2, 1932, One-half of
each plot resprayed at the rate of 8 pounds chemical in 8 gallons water per
equare rod,
3. Results, An estimate or check of the effectiveness of these treate
ments meade during the current season is of little value, Vowever,
observations made in October as to the condition of the Rihes show that some
of the treatments were proving very effective,.
in general, the treatments with sodium chlorate calling for the
spraying of the brush and drenching the ground were apparently more effective,
Results on the portion of the plots receiving one treatment were uncertain,
Excellent kills were showing up on practically all the parts which were
resprayed, On those areas originally treated with 4 to 8 pounds of chemical
per square rod and later respreyed between 80 per cent and 100 per cent of
the KR. inerme was apparently dead,
e "4
2 ttn » Bat isotmedo ehauvog $ to stat oe
gtarolde ger thos
eo =4f8ei 4a tery gut. heisert .eioiq bor aieaupese @ BS gt.
eadifan Ast fastreds ghstrog S to ator sAy t= Seyret sefq: Hoss tc) tad
or sracde toe today
) tfadont Sher fs yiut hotasre ,etol G hor or A pgeG of ig
3 ga OS detach Bayetqeet Tolg ‘doae
et0% etapa 19q tedew To
to WadeosO tll VS ylel betleord ,atoig boi siaypee& - PR .O
Bai iesineds to ebavog b To ofa edt ¢4 BS Jauarvh beyatqae: tolq doas
abO1 *eube Teq tedew to enollag
fee wiié oO meet ,0G ¢egavd hotasrt ,galalg bo1 eigupgeS - #& .b
~ " * ca % gi Dp
retie sdf af » elasaisedd Ifee tae ishras edt nevig erew aetof[yg Sl
wom S\i 3 oxe bees sar noidwotlgges to beddem emae odd atolq SI
figcs eav Si aedto sf3 brs Ys eno GO bellges aan nolisfoa to Ingoms
stab aniwollot
Siecawoldd puthogms
futon wolhi ,Pe) anol begets .atelqg bor wiatrgeek ~ BS 1a
fagiwaca to sinvoy 2» to etar oft Ya Lf tava beyargesr tolq dose
> short miaupe 18q 1ataw enollag
to Uud-grO {SEOL [eres vfat evar? ‘deta ‘hoe earpeck Se
enGifaa B of lastmedto eshavoq & to atar eft ts 3 LE darrgcd heyaroce sr gola dose
(hos ailagga req retaw
wtel .& feomrdé Sosawtst wtoig. bor SiggteeE = BE .O
oq vaten cntifax, S.mf Teolwaio abarge, 3. Fe Ce eit ja heyarga ox tolg rose
(Oot STAVE
atseta? ssadt to seonsvbioSt te adf to soetie to Siemifes ad etingse .2
atoreret orlae slit ht do ef ogace Grertis oft aainch eben einem
tadv? eects an? ? oft 8 woke keane wif dome stadndved «f aban eso ttavresdo
grvitoot! te tev ag tyetg grew ginemtaert edt to
etd 46 setiies sdvceido me thoe. xf) tw sihourasty sat .fgreasg ae
ftootte erom vfsuaegoe Stor Favors oad satdonts Arta ieatd eit “to” arene
Ateiveo srer frouteers aro “aaty tog a1 aldol edd” to nd frog sat ae gt Lire oF
oi aw tte Esie efruq oc$ ffa er! fan ktoatg ©O gy aii bwecie oy ae alibi Soelleoxa
» to gherog GS od 2 AF iw botaord Gi fin ty rie abere pads gO” ‘ Peyetge ss
Sal dak <oq NOE Res too 4 2g O& meowd od beyerge ox ad af bre bor STBIOR “Kh SY
Sea a bese’ yinetaqya saw garsat fod
tn regard to the ammonium thiocyanate, those plots given a soil
i drench only were showing more satisfactory results then those given serial
“and soil treatments combined, The resprayed portions of the plots were
showing excellent results, The killing effect of the ammonium thiocyanate }
seems to be entirely through the roots, The action is more rapid than HH
in the case of sodium chlorate end consequently in some cases the two. hy
“chemicals were showing ecually good results, Through the entire schedule |
of treatments it seemed that for each pound of chemicél used thet sodium :
chlorate was slightly more effective than ammonium thiocyanate on 8. inerm = |
% end B lacustre, As stated under another experiment in this report, amnone |
Be som, Cadet xe not practical for use on & padiglurss
|
st From ienieet Gndvontions-e plan calling for two’ odttauttons of.
Ri cat vith e sufficient. period of time between to permit resprouting, \
-. involving a total of 6 to 12 pounds of chemical per square rod, will be ‘ta
ai satisfactory for killing R 4nerme, The proper coordination between the two
_ treatments will reduce the Ribes live stem end bushes on an area sufficient ly
to permit » very efficient cleanup Job by hend pulling methods, .
ftoe a aavis esele Sohn sstansyookd? mrinomue eft of braget al
ahtae cavks anor’ ui? aiinesr yrodosteliar srom saiwode orew ylao dometh
wiev wtolg acc} 10 enottvog Boysigest St hentduce simeantsett [lor bas
$anayoe LA? mer nonin eG to dostte anhif bt off atiueet dnelleoxs aniwome
wot? bigay orem ef xoftos eiT wioor eff dyword? ylertias ed'os aaese
22895 entts sf yltosspeeces bas etatolds mutbos to aaao edt af
O87 GG iy 3
eicherfoo stiine oft ifyysord? wedfee er beon yUlairpe getwore crew also Imerio
maifbor tat beer Iso tver to Bayeg does ior tadtd bewees $F etn emsaerd Te
cezogt A ao o¢aneyootdd eurisemma nedé evidostte oxom yledagtle saw sea16l ds
“sommes gitocst etNd ow! toemirsgxe teddéons tabsc bedate aA eertevosl § bas
Misioizeg G 20 ean tet Isotioarg tome? Sianaypotd? apt
on enoftacifgqs ow? re? gnifieo aalq s enctiaotiat taeseiq mort © o>:
yiituorqaet dieres of seavted amtd Yo hotreq troto Prive a dd iw Tao tmeds
a 4 tf te wow avetros tee lapbrera to eherog 81 63 8 Ya {edot « aatviovat
ews wit weeded agitanifyoeo vegeta of? seated? Uf acti lpe got [IStoe te eae
{inetshles avid na mo esdued Bao mety evil eedti edé sorbet {1 iv atnomd ard
whowiem astifve baad yd dot qretaslo tasinltts yrew- a Shrreg oF
>
5
<»
1932,
July 19,
a
“4
@Q
i ©)
5
re)
a,
oO
oO
lay)
a
al
°
o
»
oO
&
»
a
3
[<i
3
co
a
pal
ie]
a
|
a
g
iy
a
Q
E
oO
o
a
3
Le]
o
a
onl
Q
Q,
i)
o
»
B
°o
a
3
E
Jd
fo]
nan
fore treatment,
of water per acre.
Bef
104,
i
We
2, 1932,
September 2
ven weexs after treetment,
-l. Se
W, L1LO4
Sanson
Annual Report 1932
E.
#H
““h small test wes mede. with ammonium thiocyanate applied to the |
sotl in dry form, Four plots, one rod square, vere treated with 4 pounds,” "+ |
8 pounds, 16 pounds, and 32 pounds of chemical,
the last ‘Inspections ‘mage On the plots showed that & good kill may |
result. from the 16 and 32-pound applications, It te highly probable that
the heavier applications my be very effective but as in the case of sodium jf
chlorate better results for the amount of chemical used are obtained when it |
is applied in solution, '
.
C. fad rida bus Sty avehehae the ‘Use of | pyerboahe Vaiuie’ and Concens
} 3 abe 1é¢ ; a apd. ‘pot Systems of | Ribes,
i
tips, 8 Vin! } spe "tn gt abe is td study the best utilization of chem” |!
ical on B- inerme ené in so far &s possible to provide some besis upon |
which to describe how heavily e buch should be sprayed, |
i
iI
Ba Metbod, - bn. experiment. similar to this was performed in 1931 but’ on
account of ‘the improper method of estebli'shing the plots it was impossible
to make a check on the individual bushes, During 1932, each biish wes staked
indi vidue lly and any Ribes on the aree not identified ag individual bushes /
were. treated, at the seme time, It te hoped that this will make it possible )
to identify definitely during the following season each individual bush thet i
Was Spoclelyy treated, | a Nag oe Pig me . i
i}
|
The treatments used’ ‘are LS to ibd set up in Table Wo, 9 on’)
page 109 of the 1931 annual report. The treetments are besed on the shount ji}
: of gglution required to spray bushes to the point of dripping end to spray i!
the soil to the point of formation of puddles on the ground, The concentrae fj
tion of chemical is. varied in the se treatment ¢, |
B Fe silts One hundred” and fifty B. inerme pushed were treated between i
August 3 and August 13. ° Mo’check was made during the 1932 season, Hi
|
j
{
ive Bor ‘aa ss 304
art ‘ebilpiees BH with the ‘dontsetiea plot atudies, éremd were
engaged in Aiatixe all Ribes species with either sodium chlorate or
ammonium thiocyanate, ‘The purpose ‘was to usé some of the most promising
methods for ef lling Ribe's and to determine the cost and tpi pater of such th
Work, é
eb lo va hl The methods of apaltndink were of two general anne |
a Selective, in which only the Ribes and the ground covering their |
roots were sprayed, The power seteup used in former yeers with 4 to 5
men on nogzles Was used,
10% ed) oF mrod vid at anotisotiggA oteaayooldt myinommA .&
|
|
|
a
siz of botlgas atansyootnt aurtnosms dtiw sham asw geod Ifame A
| Ht sehavog & dite hetser}d erer ,eragpe bor ano wetele rye yet yb at [tos
wWeotmeds to ehavog SE has ,ehawog af .ebavog &
Aa you If bf boos # tad? hewode atolq ent ao sham eaxoltoegen! teal edT
| tadd efdsdotq yYlratd ef #1 enctisotiega SaoqeSE bas Af odd mort tlyest
mrthor to e260 sft at as dud evtjostte yrov sd yan enotiaotiqgs rstvaed edt
| tt mote bentaido ars beas Lactmeds te tevoma add tot efIueer todted ststoldo
| mOfdcloa at beifgqs et
|
| 1 “£9900 bus gomurloY Inerattii to eal oa —— rete text ath ty fy this AY)
| If 2Sdit te emetave soo 3 Fi : i. oc8 ad E02 tt a
|
—r@in te sot3agiifde tead ont vbhete of s! jnemivegxes 2tdT .se0qtyd wf
soqy atesd amos cscs. od si¢iaa0q ea tat oe at Sa eoyont .§ no Laot
| eystge ed binoda deod a yliveed word sdiroaeb of dotdw
Mt |, widieacqm! agw tf etelq oft yatdeiidedes to fedten asgerqmi add Yo Javoons
a sah aan = eae abi athe eile! tasbivibst add so doers » sam of
At Uae no tud [60 s} Semiotreg saw ath? ot 1ali@ie taamivegxe oA -bodteM oS
| |
i
Hetsers ylistoege easy
|| 0 © WoW efdat mt qu tee seodd of valimte ots boa etnomtasti edT t
| it | Jayomsa adj so bsesd sts atnemtasid eff .troqst iasane [ECL edt Yo COL egaq S|
yy ysiqe of bas amtqagith te fmieog aft of gerard yerqe of bortuper sotiuioe to
il|| eartneonos ad? baverg od no eolhh aq to xO heorret Yo taiog sit of Itce esris
wineniser) seed? of bsinsvy ef [sotmeds to scott
i| |: nosviod hetsers evew aedend omrant & ystit hoe borbasd anO 8 wetivees .o q
| Moesez StL oft aniuyb sham saw Noedo of EL temauvA bus © dauand S|
If | 10 etetolds muthce rentie diiw eetosqe aeed!d Ifa gntiastd at beasgne
I acfeimorg ¢eost eit to emoe ser of sew seoqmg edT ,stansyootds mrtaomms
Wal dove to yoretortte bas teoo aft satmreted o3 fae eedifi gatil bl rot ebodtem
| si10W
Haqyd Is1sse3 ows to orsw sotiaotiqgs tw ehodtem oft ,bodte¥ .S
“feds gelravea tayets edt bas gedih edt yino dotdw at ,evitoets? vs
Cod # cSiw axeey reset at Boau quetoz r98eg od? ,beystge stow etoor q
ft sbeeg saw 2elyzon no nem .|
| F
Wad ® j
| i «#79 ewes westiyte tolq bailerssoo off ditw acttonuiaoo ol .sgoqusrt of ;
| | I
b, Broadcast. in which the entire aree was sprayed, except where |
there were Obviously no Ribes, A special power set-up wes used for this |
work Which is described in the report "Development of Ribee Fradication |
Equipment", Two types of nozzles also described in this report were tested, {
A special Rame~ Born nozzle was used on plots J, K, L and ™ I
‘The concentrations of chemical and volumes of water were varicd |
on the different plots, Parts of certain plots were resprayed to obtain a .
better kill, | eee |
3, Regults, See Table No, 10, The accompanying map of the plots shows |
the treatments given each aree-anéd-the time required, Plots A and B were |
sprayed first by regular Fforest Service crews in 1931 with a 5 per cent |
solution of sedium chlorate and were regoreyed in 1932, Sufficient action i
has taken place to show’som very excellent: results, A cleaneup of the I
remaining Ribes on the area can be done at = cost of $3 or $4 per acre. ‘The |
root-systemp of the surviving Ribes were severely injured, In this decayed ||
condition they are very easily pulled,
The treatment on Plot:B, with an original spray of sodium chlorate
followed by a respray.uith ammonium thiocyanate, regardless of the interval |
between, can not be, used without creating a very severe fire hazard, It |
was learned on this plot, ag well as on‘others where sodium chlorate and |
emmonium thiocyanate came in contact with each other, that spontaneous fires ff
were certein to start where the sun's rays fell on the area, _
On the plots which were not checked, it was difficult to forecast ||
whet might finally teke place, It was observed thet in the case of the heavy |
drenches severe root injury had taken place as deep as 12 and 15 inches,
while the crowns of the same Ribes were still in a relatively hardy
condition,
With the wide variety of treatments and respreys, some indications
may be hed as to the most economical and efficient use of chemical in the
first and second trestments,
On a tributary creek of the Orogrande special extensive work was
done with ammonium thiocyanate on RB. petiolare, The amount of ammonium
thiocyanate solution epplied was creatly in excess of the amount of sodium
chlorate which would be required to kill all the 4. petiolare, Indications
at the close of the season were that even the heaviest concentretions of
ammonium thiccyanate would not kill a sufficiently great amount. of the
& petiolare to make its use practical, It was more effective on ER. inerme
and R. lecustre than on 5. petiolare, The results of thie test are shown
in Teble Wo, il,
cry opel oy iyaox2 hayes qe #3", 897s er tine arig tip Exiy ak PY SF
efdd 16% horn par otter Ysroq Estoaqe A 2 etET on SA ere aig ‘ovede
aoliapibar: agdiv to dnemgoleved* sSroget ait at hoditoveb af pio tdw arow
i. erew dxeder aldd af bedtrog ob cefs galssca Yo 26g gid owt” »*dnemg type
a Boa dk oh gh wioly Re hoes, aa olenon ard -amsi fatoage 4
Setsay e:ax tats, to genuloy hos Iaotmero to enciiassqennos. ant.
® atadde ot bays ie wren etoig Soba ao to atts watolq sterattih ant mo
fpr tet tod
avode agoilg edt to gan aa Pynaqmoags ont orale woe of dat eof " pitoe of © ae
ere & bao A edoli ,bevivpat omts off bos sets sas nov ts sicsmtsert odd
taao tag 6.4 din [Eel af awero, sotvie® seetot taliget, yd darth Seysrge
ao lies dn ts PTigt ee EOL at hayetae ot exe bra adprotry: otbow “to ‘notdelow
end Bo queiaats 4 atitve st Inell sate “rev smo ‘wore of ‘goaig amistad
afi .@to8 t9q 38 10 £6 to deoo a tse onoh od nap soie edt.ao gedit gaintamer
heveneh atit al _,be orstsbetl Yi er aves aroe esd ih geivivwe adt t6 ametey doce
alia ut fa.59- er8y ars yon to Ft Biaco
ea
eieacolds @ewiboe ‘le yarqe [asinine xe ddiw.,8 Jolt no suamtastd off
fevsedal eld te npeliiage: 437 Ratan id mes tresses. fy Fo yatoe ox & ee bawollot
1 raced wit stevee yrov..@ aahiseis des oxtd ty heat ed” tom Hed. aaersed
bus eterelde apibce ev ate giadto no ax [flow aa state afdt ne beimrasf ese
eontl auoonatsoge tadd ,vadde foa9 déie tox -dedo a} eridd adanayoo ft ime fromite
eer edt go {fot eyat a’ ave ae di ei adi rate oF fkattss How
ay a
re
teanerot of tinarttti® esw ti ,batioads fon erew dotdw stolg ‘estt nO”
en eff Wo-aneo ont ab. fant heviwdo asw $1 .eostq eet Yllan tt difg im tarde
exatioai Ci bos Si aa gaek ag soalg, nxiat bad yu ula ‘toet orsvse gedoneth
ybsed yLevitslow sal. {Ilda evew eodlf sane add _ to eatoT9 | add of Fdw
. _ ok? thos
S747 a
‘2 ue
tisothalr emoa ,eyatqe ot fre e Hamd.aots te. qt einav ‘ehiw add Ad BY a
“ot ei Las twedy..to spy daeici tts tse Laoimercgs.deom od? of 9a bad ad yan
winomtaort. Esoee bat Sern ft
aaw wow ovdemeine Lateeg shag1ga70. di to desis gretydigd & ah
arfaomms to dayveng af ,Sialehieg ge éfenayoorat vost Hivos “bbe ‘onreh
aathee to sdagoms. ot, to pesgxe.ct yldagty,cawr, bailaga, ao tislog atang yoo is
esottsothal: -sezaleides og Ifa Ilided, bowtupes ed Blaod ‘fo frie st erel do
30 eae atiaeo ian tae teed aid aeve dacs. stor soeaer add to. solo. ast ‘ts
ent te. dorors Jaexvs gidneto Miwa. s. If bt, Jen, biuoe atanetoo ltd, mir PGema
sayont Af, co oyitostts arog eaw JT ,iaoliserg soe ait ovam oF sisletiag a
aeode era tess efdd to gélveed ant as q mo sedd oytenoal a bis
ak off, act ol gat nt
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TABLE WO, 11 |
| Concen-| ¥en |Gellong | Pounds
Acres| tretion| Days} of. Spray} Chemical | Approximete \
in of . |Per |Per Per | |
Note: A very high percentage of the area was covered with BF. petiolare, }
CONCLUSION
The results of each experiment have been discussed in the body of
the report, However there are certain reconmmendationg which can be made for
future control work and future experimental ror with chemical,
e ations for Fut Wi
1, Spraying R. petiolare, The method of treating R. petiolare
tentatively set forth in the report for 1931 and followed during 1932 on
the control operations is now established by the fine] results on experiment il
plots and by the experience of Ribes eradication forces, The method is? |
#, 10% concentration of sodium chlorate,
bd, Thorovgh saturation with spray of all leaves an? stems until
Cc. Application of spray to the base or crown of the Ribes where
it enters the ground,
2 Treatment of K, inerme and Re lacustre, On the basis of present
information the following method of killing B. inerme and KE. Jagustre in !
place is recomended &s the most satisfactorys
7
a. An application of a 5% solution of sodium chlorate to all the |
leaves and stems of the Ribes to the point of dripping and an application |
|
\
of the game solution to the soil representing the root distribution of
the Ribes until puddles begin to form on the ground, ‘This will requi re
approximately 16 gellons of a 5% solution (8 lbs of NeC10,) per square rod
for area actually treated, ;
I LL OH aA
WO TH ONIS4GhA STARAYOOIRS aa
if T aroye UAsa A ATUO aR ou Ya BES Se
mnt cee pace ee eee Sete aeee
| | ebaivoct | snot f 3) me ~Teore D
| ! Stamiroraqa) 489 fmad? yatac to yt Theo ftart ls egy 2 Ah
nie no Life | +9T | +684 | 793 la
il Lwiafotieq i _moAl si1gA jet {8%
| oath rae ee
ef bn age
rie aes: <>h Va Rh = mia eO1
| 2 See ee ee 3s ta ert a
i i +7
j eae teen gs Uatleetuakt Gert naeaccnasan wonebentinabehe S63 dresnronibsboreveinre sentdome
wialofieg # dtiw berevco ea gets eft to eaataeorsy agtd yrov & :evok
o x svt of heeevoe th aasd 4 ¢nomitagxs doses to etivees ofT ,
io% shan od aac doliw eno tishn noi niatroo aia svat revyewoH voces eft
2
wito% Lowigo) sugtgl 707 20 f? abremmooet, A
Wie siafoiteq of antisert to boddem ofT .sisloitog fl antvarge of
| no LCL ankru® bewollot bas LE@L rot sroger sdt af dirot toa ylovitaiaed
‘{doemtveqxe no etiveoy Iantt ad? yd bedetidates won xi snoiterego Lorsmoo sad
| tat forder oft ,aaotet sofianthare sedi to eonetieqxe end yd bas esolg
| wzwieroito mathoe to no liargaesnco %0L ys
if fitoy emedin base eavael fia to wetce diiv as peceted dyrorodyT .d
gin yordt
ax goiw pedif odd to mwors 10 arad ent of yYertca tO wo tdao Hoa aw
soarroty, aot arataa If
ill | tueseatg 6 ainad add a© aidan merry 2 bos ourront 8 36 inegseext 9S
: nt ayteyoal oi bas pares a Ls nifitt to toddéew aniwollot edt sotiarotat
SYTSIOR jae teom odd 2% bebrarwoger ef soalg
gt} ffs ot aterofdo muthor to noftyloe %6 2 ‘to motvsotiqas aA .#
otfaeu aa bea goiqgitb to Jatog edt of aadth eft to emste boa a oval
| to golinudinteth toor ens aafinorerqet [loz off of sokislos emes odd to
estuger [Liv afd? ,bavows odt go mot od atged eelhiuq [its godth edt
bor ovstrpe req {sCL0ak to wedi &) wotioloe & s to enoliss Sf ylatamtxorqgs
. botaert yilestos aets 10%
Aantmetio ftir sso fadaom i1Sgxo agyict baa vaow Lortaon eisdut.
b, & second treatment with a 1lo% solution of sodium chlorate
applied after a périod of 30 to 60 days or of sufficient duration to permit
the résprouting of Ribes, Or in case of areas originally sprayed in
August, the second treatment to be made the following season, This second
treatment to be applied heavily to the serial parts of resprouting or
releafing Hibes and their roots and in the case of respraying during the
current season to be applied to all RB. inerme and R. lascustre whether
resprouting or dormant, nis will require approximately 4 gallons of
solution containing 4 pounds of sodium chlorate per scurre rod,
Present information on the experiments performed by the chemical
eradication methotis unit indicate the importance of successive trestments
for killing RB. jnerme and R. Jecustre, The following program is
recommended $
1, The continuetion of the pperiet plot studies:
a Respraying plots éesteblished in 1932,
bd, Establishment of additional series of plots calling for two
treatments,
2, The continuation of extensive work ae outlined in 1932, vith a
special large scele test using the method tentatively recommended for
control work,
‘3, The continuation of the use of sodfum chlorate and ammonium
thiocyanate in the series of tests, with the exception of the eliminstion
of ammonium thiocyanate in the treatment of RB. petiolare,
4, Development of equipment,
stavolda muy eee = aoticloe SOL # doiw-teemtacrt baooea 4 od
f si % oftive to 10 eysh O38 ot GE to botteq « tette bellags
| (f feysioe “ifn eahiied ASOTS +0 9980 si xO .eetPt Yo xrltsotgss1 sd
bg oe ugtwolfot edt eiam ed of tremieexs bnoose off .tevagA
i} 10 wviduerqaat to etray (aines eft of yl byaed heilggqa sd ot tnomiasrt
: 2 Att . A
oUDSe wf ret 1 see Se SS
add an i eb yates ox to @s29 odd mi bee atoouw tiedd bas esdit galtaclear
| yodisdw oyjeyoel 2 bus sorpot .f die o¢ betigqgs o¢ of nosase Jagrirs
| . Seo en~ollan | yfed am PROT SO % ertypet Jitw et? Vénesreh 10 sativorge er
»bo7 erauoe tag etaroldo muthon Yo ebayoq A emintermbo. nolialos
|
[so heeanp edd yo hawretisg eiasmirsgze eft no ro Kamo tat “fueeenT,
am sinemdaesd evissaaaue ‘to apaigsvoost sft wteoltbhat tiaw » bor deo notes there
at ot meragdre safeolick off Sifavosl af ba s eaet ook .s aged bi 0%
i 3 babs samoo or
\ seethrde tolg Iatoeqe add to nettarnttres ad? ,f
|
Weel at here tidstes etoigq anivesqest .@
eed tot egiiiao etele Ye soiree Igaci¢ifbbs te ivoereitidadel...d
wt toemd asré
a dis < Sef ot hestldro es Mrew evisneize to sotiauntiaos adit .&
yo% hebtnemroost ylavis at ned: bodies odt sates tess slace egtel caiosge
wires Lortnoo
mo tnowms fas etareido metboe te ses edt. te mottavaiinon aAT, .B.: o
soidagimiie eld to mottgesrs edt dtiv setaet to asizee add. af atanayoiads
gloizeg ff to snondaerd edt af, eianayooltd? myiacmaus, to
saergivpe, te ¢uemgoleved ,}
ao ie i
——goehn Tt. Breakey
Cee . Agent
[| > 4 INTRODUCE ION
= the experimental development of two seneral types of equine
wal lndertaken. in 1932). Each had for its orincipal ob
degtmict ion of Ribes in aga in wide stream bottoms, One undertal
tha, essen bling of @- & practical power outfit for the broedeast apo)
of chemical and the other\was the equipoing of 2 tractor for renc
A ; t
wa bis
jective the f
}
|
2 ei ! )
brugh | from stream bot toms. - il
\
|| BROADCAST POWER
RAYER IN CHNMICAL MRADICATION |
iH
A small nas avVides maker opera tite. 7 ‘ centrifugal pins is
Belk at A (see diagram on following pegey witeh pihps water constentiy | |
at ‘hel rate of 10 gallons per minute Gite ctly frog) the creek through « i
one-ingh diameter hose into two 1 gallon fanks located at B, bry i)
chenf cal is mixed into the waterAn one of the tenks while the solut
is being oumped out of the othe by\\the chemical pressure pump. 1
and motor is the regular 4-¢ylinder Type N Forest Service fire f
Mill hose 1-1/2" in diameter extends as main trunk line solution
| from /B\to D and B to ¢. eouplings are placed in the trunk Line
10 LOT
D-C for attaching 1-1/4" diameter lateral hose lines at
: the individual areas. The main line and lateral hose lines
: | a
sections,
4
19 LAG &
Po
lines \are Yaid to form pare iel strips apporoxin:
After finishing with an individual gies ion of
a strip) the hose is coiled and moved in S0-foot
@irectly across to the next strip.
At points BD, &, and ff re hose lines are attached. String |
i]
A three-man crew, one man on the motors and two men gs
was used on the power outfit, The greatest cutout
working day was 4,200 gallons of spray. SULEHAnne :
2-1/2 per cent by weight of sodium chlorate were -
Rems Horn Nozzles
Two rams horn notzles were ven a trial. They gave a better
spray distribution than any other nozzle that has been tried. A direct
forceful fog spray was secured which carried a considerable distance,
penetrated through dense masses of brush, created-a draft: which caused a
more complete coverage of leaves, and pernitted better control in the
application of the spray az the fog did not spread out in a cone shape likd
that coming from most nozzles.
coe
pau ee a Gs igh BOTTAQ TGANG he | Et ae SSS
yousert 4 aera |
taeah
sola Mg
gh BEah
insentipe So aeqys Latena, ond te humeral ocah Istaoutroces. oot ge be
eft evitestdo faqtonticg etk tot bed dow SSCL al medattehex aaw 3
| gave gibistrebor es0 .exedgod maatte ebiy at to. aolioutse ob .
| wobtsotfeas tussbeotd aff vor #ftino seer Tas isms a YO wiilIdssees add
gitvomet 9% teioett s t¢ sali ads aaw tedio of Bas L[aotmedo to fi
\|)
| |
|
| i 7 anottod maaette sue dagsrid
Wt WOTTACTIAGa Japiveno WI aeyawee agzvos Tespmoy _—
yy 1 i
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At | ae yi¢aaiams tadew agavg dotty (agaq gatwollc't ao merasts sea) A ta beteool ‘
iH = dmuetse Meets olf moti ylas area eéuite: tog eaglisy OL to eter eit ts |
| i at & 36 bedavel eine! sollag-O0L of oda saad tsdeustd dont-ono 4 |
11 ae selitvies af aftdw eaast add ‘te = at tetew adi odet baxiw et Iso tmado q
ve 4 creates e hat gm oivessig Lentueds edt yo todte add te dwo beqatra anted at . |
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| i | Teyavaes soltcice eolf sor atam ea sinedxe tetemalh mt, "Sink end. AESM , |
Hh) | deo antl sor? ocd¥ ct beosiq ete egctiqnes T .0 of A baa Cot & west , |
| ! aniystaa tot agaiog da semtl szod Latetal tetemets “a\r-£ sulbdsatts toi 0-a 4
a doot-C4 at eve eonti egod Leratal Sas enll oten. PH : ease Laubiviaet eds - )
UM ; . "§ BE iF. ek neaotsoon .
Wa wEe psoas sis esa f ated farajel I jus ,@ .o adutoa ta
Hye biw af afeio S\i yletentxotocs eqitéa, Ieileweg aot od .btal. erm sentl
iH Sc biatenes yeh so geod to notices Lauaivtbat ag dil gatdeiat? t0dta
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aniidess foot-OCL to fo0t-02 at Sevom Sas bolton at sacd odd ,qttie s , |
I itte fron add of saeotos yltoerts .
i! I .wiiystce wen owt bas atotom ol? ge gam ome ,weto Sanesetds 4 _
it ego ai ¢giay ald? tot grodeo Srefdastg eal .titdwo tewoq edt ae bees eaw ee
We bow nee toc $\I-I Yo eeotivfo! qatar Yo ancllag OOS.) aae yab yoistiow :
} | been sisw stetoiso aukboe to tdgtew yd Jason 10¢ S\i-¢
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Ai toorth A ,Seitd need ead todd slazon tedéo Yue asdt aolindintats ysrde
HH||: sonsielh efdstebfenos » beittso dotiw betiose aaw ystge got Isteote?t .s
Blii ® howren dofdw fark © hetasto ,dectd Yo seaeam saneb dgvoidds bodationed. q |
RPh ads ak lotdaos tadded bots tat ag baa ,esvael to saeteveo stelqmos gtom
ie auil mjate syoo # oi deo Seetqe tom bb got ed? es yatqe edd to gRoitsaoliqgs |
Hi olason dson mort gotmen stadt -
METHOD OF BROADCAST SPRAYING IN STREAM TYPE
LEGEND
© COILED HOSE
() CHEMICAL PUMP Ab
MIXING STATION
WATER PUM
[—-g]SPRAYED STRIP -H
——| LOCATION INDICATED
| Git RAYED BLOCK
"EO MAIN HOSE LINE
“2 CHAINS
DIVISION OF BLISTER RUST CONTROL
ANNUAL REPORT 1932 ORAWN BY JOHN F BREAKEY
DECEMBER 7, 1932
JOHN F. BREAKEY
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1 Report 1932
Breakey
Annvua
John F.
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Certain adjustments were necessary to make these nozzles
function properly on the power unit. Other modifications are necessary
to make them less cumbersome for use in dense brush, The principle
involved in this,neszle:ig to be adapted for use on the hand spray pumps.
Following successful. experimentation with fire nozzles iin 1921,
& straight stream nozzle was devised. which provides for stream deflection
in mop-up work ges shen jet ven anode Getanen, where a straight «irene is
required.
The nozzle has. ea aasekuns aes ane pins. pletes for ‘Stesen
deflection, The round plates are set at a 45 degree angle with the nozzle
outlet, Certain portious of the plates are cut out, By revolving the
pletes various streams may be obtained. The plates are held in place by
@ spring washer.» .The nozzle has been adopted as standard equipment by the
United States Yorest ech hapeele Peinntte i
Following preliainery tests with a ul ldozer. equicped for road
construction in 1932, a decision was made to construct @ wacluame blade
for removing brush, me
The special blade as constructed consists of ten teeth, 36 inches
in length, made from 2 inch square vanadium steel mounted on a crossbar,
The crossbar. is,8.fs6et. in length and.1l-iaches deep, and is made from-.
1/2-inch cold rolled. steel,...bach tooth.is fastened to the crossbar with
two heavy U bolts, This makes it possible to adjust the teeth for any
desired depth. .It was found that 10 inches below the crossbar was the most
satisfactory. adjustment for rooting out most..of the brush.om an area, The
teeth are set to slope back at.an angle of 40 degrees from the vertical
frame. at the. front: ‘of.the bulldozer... The upper ends of the teeth serve as
rt for a brush guard, The brush guard is made of light channel iron
and is bolted to. the crossbar, Hach segment of the guard is supported by
the tep.of one.of the teeth, In the construction of the blade ali corners
and braces are electrically welded.
fhe blade and. brush moe are held. fast. te the palidoser by cutee
inte. 1-1/ 4" x 12". pins, _.& £ront and, side, view.of the machine maybe. seen
se hepa’ of. i, Johnson, on omperinental work at Charley: Idseho..
ie. 26 Fs
‘The purpose. ‘of. this. (tate of blade is. to, ave ‘the tooth reot out.
- sumer ae
and the. rea Fade bold the brush.as,the tractor advances: formrd, Althoug: /)
BR Gare a wet wi £5
asissen seant slow of YIRsReoen SOW ejuentertbe alsadzs> ih
YIS2 GOR tA aitoitactttbom redtO dior tewog sf a0 ylisgotg aolsjonnt |
efqtontiq of? Mestd sensed at eer tot emcetadam eeel medd ealam of
eqmpg Ystos Sead oft ao een 0% Dedgabs ed of at afsson eidd at bevioval
2gmp% beak rot efssol atl mastsé dndaietse
[=@f at aelsson otft addin sottetuemfieqxe Isfiesenose yoiwolict
notipelted masite tol eeblvotd dotde bentved eaw elzxoa wiotte Idgtette ©
wt mostte tdaterte s etsiw eeasteth 5003 geovis oals bas xtow asr-gom at
etisy et
wagtda tot eetalc saad baa eaad muimefe se eed efsson adT
aivsen ait ddiw ofgae sotgeb Cd & ts toe ets sedaig bosrot sdT mottosltsh
eis patvievet YL .tuo gD ets sedaiq od¢ to encidtog ntasish «6. telitso
yi eosig af bied e1& astale ei? .Senlatdo ed yeu awsoxte exotisy setuic
ott yd gnemyione Btabusde 2&8 Setgeda xesd 2ac oiseon act .tedeey gaitge &
f meine ,anivasé teetcl estate bat tall
aries RRS EYES CTY EE
Mealy ee 8 Ee aac, HBS Wier
baot tot banckope teoxsoblind s avin egeeat yranimilerg palwollot
ehald {atosga a demriteaca of sham Baw soteteeh a ,GECL af aolidnmrtéecoo q
arid safvomet tot
nedonk Oo ,dieed wed to etealenos betourgenoo sa abeid Latsoqe edT
tadeseis & so bejarom Leets asthasay oronoe dont & mort ob6n ,adpoelt at q
mott shan ef bas ,qoe eedont If bas digas ak goet 8 si tadezots oT
dite tadegoto odd of Senetast at dicot dosnt _feete Salfor bloo dont-S\i
me tot dieet odd tentbe ot eldiesog +2 sexdwm efct aiiod U yvaed ows
doom odd eae tadeeoto edd woled aeront Of sed? Savot aew Jt .ddqeb Setteod a
ed’ .s@1a as mo Mesrid od to deem we gatioot tot jnemtestbe vrofostei sss q
{sotdrev sd¢ mort esorseh Oh to etnas ae 32 sioad sgote of Joa ots dteet
es evres dised edd to abse toa att texvobiled! eff to taott aft os emsrt
nott fosmeio titi te ebem az Stary dawtd edt = .D1ary deasrd « tol sioqgsre
yd bedtoggre af ircamy ond To dmonges disek tadeeets elt ot hetfed ai bas i
erento Ife ebaid edg to aekvorréenos add al gest sit to ono Yo got oft
pobfew yYllasiuésele ets seoam bas
seult yd tezobilsd add of teat Sled ots rom desu bos abaid eit
sees of yan antdyam odd to wetv eSle baa gnott 4 vantg "SI x wa\f-f ogiset
odabi ,sbias{) 3a vxrow Istnonizeqxe m0 sorndo® <o .D te duoqet oft af
tra Yoot steed edd svad of ef ebsid to ey eidd to esogtrg eiT
dovodtiA bimrrot seonevhs totosts edt ea dered odd Sblod set desrid eft Sos
~
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BP Reel) my me ee PPA Ree ir aa
certain changes Are necessary, the blade proved practical.
STATEMENT OF COSTS OF “SPECIAL RQUIPMENT
Ez n or Power Outfit
1,000 feet 1-1/4" mill hose (cowpied)............. $130, 82
CVE Uc ea IA Bream masnte em. oi ci. i ccs 55. ise, Se OE
rs 4. 3/4" Garden hose Hogzlés............. 1.50
RTE Mg a ae “Kama horn nozzles...) 0.2.26... «1192
_ehghag den toyngaate eo x 19" “Siamese with ‘valves... 2... 12,00
ceoue oe tort, SOMO 31g "Three-way Valve. 002... 6 26... tae 5: aim
ce _Centrifagal water “pam. . oR ae a
bs ve sata ind dal perts. reehsisbentavesetssedecces ) 6.08
| otal’ awepoied. bid ater. rvet. sont). Fie dG, Ff $204.77
aozer Remover
Livi thouBrashepemhoweri: . 2255 .¢p 9.07. ores, . Ri be$208200
& Extra: teeth for brush-remover,..ii.cvie> 45.00
(8 10scecsoBxtra U.bolte for brush remover....ce.. 22.5
2 Extra brush racks for brush remover.... 6,00
‘ 2 gk ee ale “Totel _ nnn roiarypmumngeaectngtar 50. -
or the eee power. spreyer provides a large volume output for
Bet) men. In case the. larger volumes. of spray do not prove effective,
_ broadcast spraying can be repleced by more selective eprpyine in which
__ heavier concentrations of chemical Bre used. Since the output of spray
yer nozzle is decreased in the more selective type of spraying, it is
‘@dvisable to increase the nimter of nozzles on the nait and to substi tute
ey ‘inch hose for laterels which is more flexi tte in the brush,
TS" 8, \ Seve yams horn nogele should’ be reduced tn size te make it more
suitable for hand PTO INE,
: The standard braces of ‘he common “trage laying tractor are not
wide enowgh to carry the weicht of the machine in soft wet ground, ané the
progress is completely stopped in some instances. Wide swamp tracts are
; more stited to this type of work, The é¢iggzing teeth of the brush remover
“should be set on an open frame in order thet the dirt may filter through
it. A motor driven mechanical shaker would keep the wet earth that sticks
to the brush roots from packing between the teeth, The tractor should have
@ cage or roof to shield the operator from falling snags or brush,
So ltoests Sevotg ehald
SMS ae am TATgUIR
edd , h pert StS esguaro aiattea
ES =e a EO O_O
‘eh ve W wort deat!
SB O8L0...... eee . (bolqrex) emod £fIM. "O\e-~. Pest COOL
SS ee Aer: eslseon asatd "B\i-— = &
C8 Sli gey, 2a, ) pelgeer eect nobis tale oo" @
SOLO eo fee bn! trod ene hag Agia.
OOS Wan A. eer Lay fittw orem re ONE a “hy
BOL stat dani .... Sviay Yew-setsT "SE x "Sf-1
062.08 ...... ieee garg wetaw phils fi
OG .8 8 AGA BARS 0 Pees ag pe eta eligi
SP ROCR A 88 2, A SOS SRA AAS 200 Tsto®
“vem maf soon 3 2exs cba
Pe OM a ek eae es wk eee pine eed --2 6 -28VORST dame <
OO .2h ........+.%SreneT deed aot agesd: stig é
G8 .SS ..... ...tevemet dasrd tol edled U atix& GL
GO.8 5 ..evene) dEtnd tet etoet dewtt Bede OOO 8 e
On Bebe Nw Siskcm veewecd een ech eer Rue eree senses ot FeOO lato?
Pees,
tot Side eastoe seval’ a 1 aalaving severe TSewoq fait babs 1 git:
ee ljoutts evew gon 6) yetre to: een lor’ teg isl” oA ¢ ones at xen iad
ijiswial artyetoe arivesice Stan te feo ateot sd tas aaiverge seasbaotrd
ystqa So dette sdf aon Seer svm laotnedy Yo ai rMersasands tehysed
ai if ,gatyatge to sqyt evttostes exem sas ni Beeaerosh ef slesom tog
ainttisdre of Sree gin ed} so asluton te tal tee Gay semetoni od bidselvos
»Mesrtd sey mY sid teelt atom ab ote Baiw sisted f ‘tot over oat ‘eit
erdir ¢f esleor OF ete at bagirbet od c pitirbie elinod tot eaier ado" 8 Oe
: : a LUNES 2% Aid satyeter bite’ xt" aldadtes
tox evs totosrt salyal wats soamoo alt Yo etost? btabsete edt
$d} baa ,bterony Yow Por at oatdobm edd Yo ddintow oft yrrso of fgsose obiw
ets etoatt qaewe oSf% eesrktant ome me Sexwote “Isssi¢ads ab BRetgoty
tovoihet ertd elt to d¥eed writen th edt! “siren to eryt etdt of Satins” eror:
teacoils vadlit yam oath edt dads teSi10o ak samt gece ga no tea ed Sirrode
svoties dots fies tow eit ood Bitow veulmde Lao thadsent nev tab” “totom A tt
ovad Sfvode togoat? et diebs oft nected aatisan aott rider Aner’ ade oF
tentd t6 ayace galiiat sort todatego edt Sletde of toot to enao 2
cl, IDAHO
kia wes Be yp
Associate Pathologist
- LWropUCTION
oe" small percentege of strean type in the Inlend Kupire white
pine ‘belt hes ‘Hibes inerme bushes in very dense concentrations. Extensive
experimentation has proven that the cost of treating these areas by tue
hend pulling method of eradication is prohibitive. Furthermore, extensive
So . hes feiled in its object of developing a chemicel treat-
ment for &, which is economicelly practicable. Siuce there are
several shot ten acres of stream type of this charecter occurring within
the belt of white pine on which blister rust control should be undertaken,
it is Sarerativesd that a aatteteetery method of treatment be. developed in
the near future,
% iizeek ‘without. exteption, dn this type of srea, Ribes ere closely
associated with dense, tangled masses of other brush, In order to destroy
the Ribes itis necessary to destroy the complete brush cover.
; The performance of tractors with bulidozer attachments, while
constructing motor ways on. the mationsal forests, suggested the possibility
of the use of similar equipment for removel of the brush cover on H. inerme
areas. .AS g preliminary test, machines were borrowed from road “operations
in ‘the fall of 193l.and given short runs primarily to ascertain whether or
not the machine could operate efficiently in the moist stresm bottom soil
and whether a special blade for the bulldozer attachment would be necessary.
One such test was made on Dry Creek near the Savenac Forest Nursery at
Hangan, Montana, and the other: in Idaho on the Coeur d'Alene Nationsl Forest
near the Honeysuckle Ranger Station. ~The results from both runs were
encouraging and. it was. decided that an extensive triel should be made during
the field seeson of 1932. The Middle York of the St. Maries River near
eae sipatney obs 46 nee RR. 2 ke wee chosen for the ephaanneny
ra Co Coe
Nt wecs te cau con pe, PRRPOSK OF EXPERIMENT
1, To determine the per acre cost of Ribes eradication by this method,
2. To determine the period of the year during which conditions in
Stream bottoms permit sufficiently firm footing for tractor operations,
i200
Po test the: spit or a blade’ iigeotaliy designed for brush
“vemovel. from streon cone cmed to secure cig eae upon which to base
pe: 2» . vi
‘ ae Ro labhorelga’ ing 1 Halotiva: inflammadi2ity of all brush ana’ ‘densie
efter. having lain in the. piles: ec’ bala mci time as burning
ee. ri A apa ecg. anaes :
eg
moved by trector the pi ge pooiage suteretty or ervittotelly. extebl ished
tort or meadow wR: retard Spettsbiisiiient, of Ribes. =”
| 1. It is located in the center of some of the finest white pine second
growth and reproduction in the region and is @ part of a protection srea
upon which Ribes on upland end remaining stream type had already been
treated.
yiew of
ie It represents severe work nici ng conditions.
It was believed that if the method proved practicel under severe
working conditions, « great deal more progress would have been made than
if a streaw with less severe working conditions hed been selected for the
experiment. Oy: At was: felt that, conducting | the experinent where
all eonditions were. steountered would men sary reveal any Weak links
nn. 5 ao“ wees : time, 9 ;
from gerne sg — centety on : ett
hindered. to some Seah
_ A -horge power Cletr as ‘agatpoel with e ‘mlidoser hho
ment, was used. This attachment was ‘fitted with a special blade with ad-—
dvatable teeth for games! fra. piling” rush, end debricg, This assembly
2.) = _—_— —— = = a Se ES ees een a ns acme eh
Oe een =a = oe ee he oe x a ts ii AE — Emmy BEM Fe
W.1061. Side view of trector and bulldozer attachment,
Annval Report 1932
C. H Johnson
Front view of tractor and bulldozer attachment,
=
was readily raised end lowered by the operation of a lever controlling
the hydraulic lifting and lowering device tothe proper position for up-
rooting, moving or piling brush. fhe detachable teeth could be adjusted
to any depth below the crossbar desirsd, Fictures accompanying this re-
port show the machinery and the wenner in which an area is ph leieiaats
"Generally stream type ¢ area has « few spruce, white fir and trees
of other so-called inferior species lightly distributed throvgh its fringes
or higher portions, It was the practice io fall these trees onto the piles
for the purpose of adding fvel and to reduce the hezard these trees would
represent if they were still standing at the time of the burning of the
piles snd. windrows,.. When thesé.trees were left. Standing, “8 Wes the case
when they occurred Sit‘large. groups, the. brush. and — were. phled et Be anes
considerable, Ae: eva shen...
Lé et cl
i Down, aux hiedtarea the progress. of thie tractor. [t was. neces=
sary to send a crew of ten ahead of the tractor. to wack see logs —_.
peepee which the aes could move. mackanan eas om
i. me i2
dny Shalala place. was. “palected. asa ati ing iie. for. the
sranter. Brush wes pushed. to the. nearest. polnt.on the site-previously’
designated for the winerow or to.the center .of the site designeted for
around pile, he machine was then.back«d up for snother "bite" or gweth.
This. ‘procedure was continued until clesring to e convenient distance wat
completed. It was. generally the practice to leave » cleared strip eany-
where frem 20°te 40 feet wide around each pile or windrow. It was also
the practice to limit the windrows to nea name wonid: “aprntt ourning ”~
by ene: blocks if ne: oe a
ist ae ce mT 3
i fee re ‘amal) “pawhios. ‘of the. area..Was ‘dirfiewlt. ‘b pers dns Pow
besver orn Small sloughs, beaver dams and bogs. On such portions,
work according’ to a definite’ plan wes ovt of the ge yy “at best some”
of saat sieht were” a mescinh “ the: niente | os Me ee: ‘
Le
rater La ati Es we HESULIS
ia 4 ef “he cost: of work done: on the > progect as shown in: table Novo le.
Se see? ry
103
in ag ok |frenching | oe
‘ a ? Burning and |
Preperation |
for Burning|
|
“Mein
Operation
eee Middle |Gold Center|
itu’ of of Expend ed eee ee rest A Rotel |
‘[fermnent SS 5 ,00/ $157,50 |S ee
Seleries [Temporary 461.03| 563,00 | 2,024.03 |
dubets\ence 1, 09¢ seals @ $. eT te The. 25 __.75225 | _ _ $81.50 |
Malyels of {nae ee ee ee zal ene 00 {21,357.13 J
ven ea one ae PY cc REN BS RTS pn | 857.20 |
.° beeps : 3 “esol a Mae ok 16,90 j
125,yg| "741 | 143.54 |
50, 20] 7,00 | 57,20 |
esse and irack Oil Rd a:
[Ge ae CH his thrbb At deal 2 2 ee ee ee
qui pment Taepairs it Li OE 5. 26
¥ lrenspor tation .c aaehendadeion Seibel th eI 2 55 0. : 160,65 |
| Expenses end Transportation of © b=
9 ermanent Men > b 8g 00 | | 89-00 |
Tractor
ib | miscells neous AMbensee l Ss 0 | 16.4 [20,53 |
: i 61, 75
[Grand iota Red Oe NEw OM: 5]. +i 21 ($5,549.96 |
“the ak Howie in which we are moet interested are ‘the ones
pertaining “to ‘the actual clearing operation on the Middle Fork of the St.
ie Maries River) “°It will be noted thet the full time of e permanent employee
V for the field séasen is charged. On a going operation it should not be
i? necessary to assign a full time permanent employee tc svpervise the work,
| The cost of "the Blade showld not be charged against the per acre cost, nor
‘ie should the é6et of seed sdasocer = for seeding following the burning of
. brush be ineinded.
“<->. *. fhe maghine rented from the Forest Service was needed on a road
cam in July. Thus it was necessary to rent another wachine, the
f only one available, ‘which had to be shipped from Seattle and returned
there at the end of the season: <As a result of this delay, in addition
iz to weather end other fectors, a machine wat available for field use for
7 approximately one-half the working season. Ordinarily the transportation
i
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= +3
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v x s = = * = e . 2 3 Ss 2 2 be
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y+ *
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fe) e & - J & ¥, «
=
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ry « » % © s 2 e - » = §
=e
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charge | fers a eektae ae i, not mnneee SAdetiess for a mane ne the Season's
ae pit yori ay 548 Bae ohh eee me bh WE Ee
at incendiary hw ere 4 Miaks the BAR of @ Liver
The hee Pap te por of. this, f,gperetion should be $4,566, 75 sinus the
£03 ow Gre yore tio C2VR UNS Say Pay sous Laas eta : :
Piles pnd SB ays Rig,
“i ree ‘cost ‘of blade, ball, by. bend for -experinentel: purposes
oi hie ee ze seed. ae 4h cn 3
- excessive Leadbpar tation
eee - excessive supervision due te operation ning an
dag apa experimentsl. setieascae fi
ra 'e ductions wher Crs weir Ghee:
geht ie ee ~, net, sda clearing. operation nee be
EER PS ke be
Burrownced Bi. 3i
Pir mts Bh
on
ee
ae
£09 ac tealieh
OR RL wile
ae sek
>t"
. nme hours igt {ise covlt ho. vted sunenagentty |
rssh rp Sri hours tractor under repair.,....-+--, 4271/2.
er “actasl hoyra tractor. bogged in m@......... 50-3/4
SHOwse OC MAstyel hobhs Cooling engine.......sssseeeee 4-1/2
Agtyal hours lost tine moving between ares, 5-1/2
| Total hours posbible for clearing. .....-,.-400-1/2
to Complies Avabegereske pir hour’ for actuel clearing time”
sisi alia CLEP AEA RRS PRPS Re ee eS
a Leh eee a
ced
Vek oC AF Pee Acs an BOs Whee BOTs
ee ee 007.13 $5017
Seeii o )xpiransportation of tractor..... 75.00 24
Wield F@palTGi cic die cece ks 16.90 On.
Gasdlime,, 668 gellons'@ $.14507. 125.93° © °° .40
grasses wor@ramkencasevetlings. iF. lho. e7he 8° SOPROR TESS 8S, Te"
gon 6e _ Greasejand track” Others. 6. cee Uae ee = «
Miber. Ke tana bearers Dede Bee e deco e ee 2199,801005 Tee GET EGY ROE ET
Lore t SY ne a am
Cost of operation. ... ceyibpiieiee ek oc cece ene $0) Ole dO
Acres cleared for burming..........ccceeee 62
ie om “a neg aps agpaetcaee O57. 76 |
a ee Vu: a 3 ¥
SOEs. b Lae Ors rare SA), «
a ee ney Hoare at 2
~ , ee We ieee eK eae ee We Sark ce ie CPR MMS
even aoabietl Jy my en st o heewy <yAe
_
oS oe
ny
ms
g
é
la
ua
i
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sy
x
a
7
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;
. * *
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oT
| Unforty analy 3 e EON the. elroumstences of wnieh show thet it
wes of | ‘noun’: ary origin, ‘swept across the bulk of the cleared area in we
the face of a ‘high wind about the middle of September, At the time of |
this. fire preperations were under way for controlled burning of brush
‘piles end windrows a® soon aS weather conditions would render it safe,
fhe portion of brush not burned in the September fire was later burned
on @ controlled. basis under sue sere of the ranger in charge of the
Clarkis district.
— Two contiguous areas, + abouts So mere#’on the Main York just
east of the junction of Gold Center Creek with the main stream, end
about 20 acres on the South Fork extending from the junction to a point
one-half mile south,” were. surrounded with a fire lene about 10 feet
wide,» ‘This fire lane was. constructed by hand labor. The purpose was —
to make burning Safe 66 that fire cold be used subsequently to destroy
brush and. Ribes, Qn the. South Fors area, 3) petiolere bushes had been
sprayed the previous year. Hence a portion 61 the brush is now dead end
should be an aid to future burning, _
“Owing to the lateness of the season when the work was done, it
wes found that burning could not be successfully done, so it was decided
to complete the experiment during the spring or fall of 1953.
In addition to the above, a fire ae was constructed. extending
oA entire distance from the Gold Center junction to. ‘the western. Limits e
the area on which work ‘was done during. the ‘wépson. This fire as mas
several miles ma ane and -. constractea te nachine. a io ‘ens
yeuavee sitting wa Generne ees shentaa, of sot-forming, ues
grasses were sown on portions. of the area to demonstrate to what extent -
sod so established would ‘constitute ‘@ barrier to the ‘reestablishment of .
Ribes, Hesults from similer sowings made at the Savensc Forest Nursery —
in Montana indicate that density of sod is the chief factor eatonnin ine
the success of this method of contreliing new Ribes edie
CON CLUS IONS 3
In view of the fact that the St. Maries River area represented
conditions more Severe than will ordinarily be encountered, and it was
even Ma ae eae a ~~ tractor could perform on Shriesses of the.
we ie
TTR
Stream vottom area on Middle Fork of St. Maries River in which Ribes imerme end other species of Ribes are ver)
abundant, practically messed in places, No preparation for workine yet made,
The machine will clear from one to two ecres or this
W. 1059, The same area as above with the cleering pertially completed.
type per day depending upon the adverse conditions encountered,
Annual Report 1932 é
C. H Johnson ui
area, high eqsts.of treatment were expected. However, the tractor wes
eble to work on more than 90 per cent of the aren at costs which were
lower than those resulting from previous experiments with other methods.
This is ample reason,for,believing that.this method offers gound pos-
sibilities, Nace Maken: waka’ 20. Ges eecn ue
tractor -On..dry, brushy eites complete brush removel, together with durf
disturbence,was obteined.to such an extent that’ efficiency of eradication
end effectiveness of control were never in dovbt. — @ a
vonei aes. Wet ground constituted the greatest obrtacle in the way of
successful operation. Without good traction the best that could be
achieved was a patchy end pertly finished job. Difficulty was always
encountered in attempting to remove brush from the edge of streams where
generally there is a strip of brush varying in width from 4 to 6 feet
which, due to the insecurity of the ground, covld not be cleared with
the tractor. Narrow patches of brush situsted between abruptly rising
timbered slopes and the stream were always herd to work because en
excessive number of windfelis were present or the streom tyoe area Was
too narrow to permit a satisfactory disposal of the prush, In most cases
the greater portion of the brush wes removed and the areas were made more
accessible for hand pulling and spraying work.
As a result of experience gained during the 1942 operation, it
is very strongly urged that similer werk in any normal season be not under@
teken before July 1. Previous to this tine stream bottom soil is too
boggy to permit satisfactory work by the tractor except on areas well
drained or with e gravel bottom,
The bulldozer blede which wae especially designed for tuis’
operation proved satisfactory. However, too mach soil is etill moved onto
piles, together with the brush end debris. Some changes have been made
to overcome the faults of the machine end no doubt further improvements
cen be effected.
Por reesons given previously in this report practically no
information could be secured with regerd to the success of burning under
controlled conditions.
The work of beavers constitutes e decided hendicap to tractor
work in stream type. Dame umst be opened and the water kept down for
several weeks in advance of actuel working with a tractor.
From past experience in brush clearing it is safe to conclude
that no extensive piece of ground can be completely worked with a tractor,
Hand pulling or spreying should pley a prominent part on a brush clearing
operation.
(108
si eds ‘oveaHoH betsaqxs etew Jaamdasis to 33205 dgid ,s9%s
2 w ag gadd stom so drow ot olds L
P ragsde giljivest ssodt asd stowol ’ |
~ 2 2% d tot noaast slume at aia {
~zolsiilidte
rb ditw tefiss [avemeat dagid aiafcmog aotia ydautd yrb a0 ;
taothet my + beatetdo eaw aonedtosetb
ytzaeo to 28enavisoette bas
7 yw aiid jeamoo barorg jew .
ad Hind Js hea o Inkeassoua 4 7
i aay bats aan beveldos
s190w 2useti2 to BOLts bs ‘ted myoone8
to od Bi ginga a af stand yiietensy
od iw Serastr Sityosant edd of eob ,doidw ,
. : Yd sdotaq wots zoster? edd '
“a sacaosd Jvow of bred ayewla etsw aaetie ond fas 2aeqgole bersdmid
igqw gots auyl Rastyea ij xo tneaste siev aligihuiw to asdmyem evisasoxe 1
aean5 9 i « g 9 co Iseoqeib ytotoststies a Jimitsq of wottisn oot
ion shad sraw @aa%s afd fh hovome™ saw daprd acd to nolitog t9sa0e1m odd }
oA ssg2 ban gatliivea baad tot el[dtaszesss i
]
Zt HOLE] Se ame sircu i , sis freure } dizgaovt 3 BA |
@-tebnhi Jom eu Hors [eurtoma yaa a ow taflote jisdi beats yieaotss ytev at
oos @f [toe metiod msotia suati atds of auotvetd .f ylut sid6ted masaed
[lew gaets ao JSusoxs todosts ocd yd Mrow ytostostatiag Jimteg of caned
.odsod fevets s détw to bontsth
‘aled tol benataeb y{Igtosges agw dotdw obald reasobiIsd saif |
tito beve {ftja ef Lloe som cof ,YsvawoH hiasirasveae bevorg aoldstageo |
shan mead rziaio exces .@itdeh bas dacrd edd déiw tedtegot ,aelig |
ajasmevorumi tadintut ddvo&b of baa eatdoam gat to 2if[uat ond smootevo of |
hatostis ed ago : |
|
1 Ylisois q 4 < & ik yt aavig anozsst tol Pi}
sHhacr gat t Que } Ht hetuoss ed blyop mcoltamtotal =|
: -e10lsibhuon Sellordiacs .
a
totsats of geolbaad hebiosb aeisgizgenos atavyeasd 6 Mrow acl
a wy 4 2 : ~ ¥ RES) v +) , bA |
TY. Totew oft Baa bensco ed Jamm Biel .egys masta al srow 8)
stovout? s difw sofsvrow [avios to sonsvbs ai aiesw Istevyes
|
ehyolodoa of bene 3 feagced af sonefiteqxe Jasq mort
TOUS TO ed aaa hayote to aoote svisnedxes on Jaci
oiteelS dazer mo t% e ystq brrode gaxtyarq? to goiifeq Sos Hi
solsatsgo al
fs
a
7, |
ae pilin specks. Act. bhe tractor ae PEAY S very helptyy, to
WC Meks PUNE BETES OF VSR Guan,
aM q
Burning mst be done as wednlor tonditions permit and as a
result complete disturbance, which 16 the object of burning, cannot
alwayt be obtained, Whenever it can be avoided, brush removed with «
tractor should not be piled sgeintt live brish, Burning weather cennot
be anticipated in advance and if loose brush in e« windrow. or pile omst
be held over for en’ indefinite: period, Ay wil if. thoroughly uprooted
ph eh end partly aecomposed. “the coat of burning dry brush is _
aii a Below that of burning green brush, aes
S ree
Bad a. SES
Ses een}
4
ry
& series of 4 inf ee
A ITAGEG. Of no ‘ a om "et Fs 00 a
open for li Lengtae y see%ble tc «
611 ef the ponds from s ee ecg
LS,inghes at the dam. eerie
pagsiy ke th thave . i
eten and a Javte 7
tk 3
ahi a be i eo
stem..of the mn
af% ee i bine 244 we. the
or the Live stem. ¢
te.
of ae aoe ‘
Level bia
ain ; S it * A: ts
WLthou} Lowering. ths nt ey Sintered ics
Ob ane ae & af Che # &
ann we t ‘4 . 4 :
A ‘ gt
Tt PRAM Tee mek q
Ae its Bute nee ead m & at fete %, Sage @ <3 hs eae Sh Ua
Seat Bee boon deniusd before seaovine the B.. aatieiey
Fanprowt tae.
103
SPECIAL L, MtHOD SYUDIES ON 2HS 2HS SARWAN AR BEMBE PROWBCTIVE ASSOCIATION
By.
B. A. Anderson
Junior Forester
It 4s possible to securd ‘a 100 per cent kill of B. petiolare
witha 10 per cent Solution of sodium chlorate on almost any site except
where these bushes are partially covered by water. ‘This condition
frequently exists above beaver dams. Extensive experience in spraying
this species of Ribes ia all ‘the regions where, these particular conditions
@xist reveals the fact that im practically no case have satisfactory kills
on R. petiolare resulted. Apparently the failure 4s due to the Ribes
crowns and roots beine submerged by the backwater from the beaver dams.
During the past summer a series of experiments were run to determine
whether draining the ane before spraying the 8. petiolare would result in
a betterkill. .
4 series of beaver daua, suitable for excsrimental purposes, were
located on Blk Creek near the Oxford Ranger Station. ‘The dams were kept
open for varying lengths of time. It was possible to lower the water in
@ll of the ponds from about S inches at the upper endte approximately
18,imehes at the dem. Lowering the water level this amount made it
possible to thoroughly drench with spray almost 100 per cent of the live
aig in & Janse BRapORson af the water roots which were present.
ss in all of the peaver. ponds the z. netiolare occurred in patches
of ‘different. sizes with varying percentages of the total amount of live
stem of. the bushes submerged in the water. These patches were marked and
after draining the pond no patch was sprayed before an estimate was made
of the live stem still submered.
a e . After each of. the. ponds had been held open the requisite number
of days, dams were then carefully rebuilt so as to bring the water
: fae to ‘tat the same height as before draining.
et
without lowering the water lever; om the second plot the dam was blown
out and L geataed ‘but. the Ribes. were left without spraying.
ithe: plots were sprayed during the period July 28 to August 2
end. were inspected at regular intervals until September 15. At that time
Be: 4m the undrained control plot was resprouting in sufficient
b to reestablish itself within two or three years. On every plot
that had been drained before spraying the B. petiolare showed no signs of
resprouting.
baci
hash
' fwo control ‘plots: were used. On the first the Ribes were sprayed |
TR ae 3 ; orem °
NOYWATIOVUA SVITORVONY HEUMIT AQTAWRAMID BHP MO @BTauTR COREIy dALORGS
gl
postebad oA. &:
totceatc?..xo bmi
ama tevaes ah agivoy) otelotias aad id to suomisorT, L -
atetotivg .{ to [ft frse tec OOl a eie]er oF eldtesed at 21... el a
jysere ott: una teomfs nto etetoide ey isos To nottaloe. aaco seg OL «dein
noktticon stiff .tetaw qd Bersyoo Ylafviag ets satavd eeedt cxecdh
seivertcs mi eomeixeqze eviznstni .emsh tevee0d svods atuixe eliaeupett
nots tSaos wsieetécog eeod? oxedw eaolget oot Lis af eedik te sefeege aid?
v9
{lis qvrodeatetise ovad sane on yllagisoa tg wk tadd toat edd alaevet deixe
nod?® ead of anb ef sveltst edd yliaotaqgA bed Ipeot gieloftieg .# mo
coed teveed oft mort seteedbad oadt yc bestomdve snied etoot bas emwote
Sxionsieb of ava oiey adxemitegxe to eottes 8 temmun faed an} gatuotl
at tineex Sivow atslotier 3 edd antystce azetsed emeh old aatafath tedv ede
soyeue etaw eedih est gaat:
iii tegted s
te a tea sy tne a ORT ER £ a Wh tes Leen erie ee oy Pet Fe shales Be . : «
cay ,geenqiay iatsomitegxs sot efdadion ,¢mab tovaed to aoiter A
teed otew sinah of .netiad?é tanne8 bsotyd ott teem Heotd ULE mo hotasol
at tedaw ait vewol o3 ef{divaoq saw @ { eat %e sddxool satvtav wot nego
yistamtsoxqgs at dae toqqe odd ts sedoat 8 sgod@e mort ebaog sit to IIs
+t ehom dgyome sidt level tetdew ofS gafiewod tab edd te esdont Of
avif eds te ¢meo teq COOL teoula youre Atta dowetb yistguotodd of eid faaog
.jceaota exow dofdw efoot tovaw eds %o aokdtoqeta eytel # Sas mets
nefotac ak bermeso eralokiey .2 edd abnog yovaed eit to fe al
evil to dmvoma Istod ot to senetaeoteg arivisy dttw sexsis éasteTilb to
bes bosian atew vedstag eeadt .totaT etd xf besrsmdse eedesd ot to mate
ghem paw etamtise ms stoleod heyatme 208 dnisg o Saog oft qeigtarh red la
eoroméve (Lida mage evil odt to
3
t
soda e¢tetupet efi seqe bied sead Sas abaog edd to dose ted TA
“afew oft yalid o¢ ag og tlindex yifutetss aedd stew ameh ed} ,eysb To
netetanS oyeted an tcgied emag odd yftoaxe of Level
+ oft a beer orew efol¢ Ioxtacs owl
suoldéd gay ash ont Joico bmosea sft oo sasyol tetew off syustrewol tyodtiw
stkyee isodiia dtef ettow aedfh add dud bontaih bas tuo
derark of && inl Betreq edd gativh hoyerxqe stew edoig ot?
emit gedt? tA af uwedeetqet Ittay sfavisiat tafeset ts betoecent otow bas
trotet¥ten af galdwotqsot aaw toly fovgnon hbentwibar edd af. axeloiiag me
éele yreve oD .avasy coudt zo ows aidéiw tieest defidateset of Sausoms
to spafa om Sevods ataloliog ad? sxiystes ototed hertarh rowed bad tend
smutivorges t
SABLE NO, 1
RECORD _oY TREATMENTS OF PLOTS TESTING METHODS OF DES TH OYIWC R, PSTTOLARE
meee sane caneers eb tt rts parm apnea ern nn se pene RN OES
gt Ab ae. conn BEAUER: DAMS
| iL rmon Rance fio. Gate. of]Loncth |
/ vipei-’, we famehesyFall | 10% Waclo. lof ! rime}
Area of = whewlr O. “pOfe Faber 20) | Solu= | Dam = |
Plot |Beavernr: »i gj Vate Dam Rees eats’ ‘Bete | tion | Kent
‘Number |Ponds Acres) (Opened | a. #3 i Used ———t_-Open__|
ese Cet WEG tO
yooh ee” a
Wul.28 )00 20 147 Days
2} “im, en Daya!
4. Days!
ice —herg ed
| fs. open ed
ae ‘yard ous orees wn be a Fethieckit edo, sie ‘e538 field
sealer ott fined rewlte: ere ;
1S3 iL Bree VLE, AS aie Be? R 7 ARemde ¢ ® ut
in heavy Qj Wpadte: ee an croeine in Dense Brash by
_ nompips. off the 1 ive Sten. ab, croune. Level.
type Ribe ene! rakdvel’ of’ R: vt secsivitium when growing in dense brush. on
ol@ panna fe pé¥Rahs “the most difficult problem with. which hand pulling.
oPews* inthe Inlend Bmpire st; forced ts contend. Where the roots of the.
RIVES “Bushes “aPe interwound with those of willows, Ceanothus, alders, ete. .
its extremely aifricilt to hand pull thea. To remove. the Nibes. from
- these sites 4¢ 4¢ necessary for the cradication crews to use tools of. .
-variods sorts--Pulaskie, trench picks, rub hoes--anything with a cutting
oriptying devices” The brush mt be removed in the majority of cases, _
— the ‘Hibes ‘oon cain ‘be pried oat. package? )
Pe AOL Meee STH Sat Ai i al me
woud prt eibes on ‘paaed’ étted’ as & genéral Fit. have an immense crow with
three or wore very Larce “‘semi-tap rodts. The live stem usuglly consists of
2 6F 3S main branches star tine atrectty: from the crom. ‘hese branches as a
rule ‘are vetttle und break Off eastly. The présence of = large wunber of
dead iain b¥erichcs Gndientes that competition with the dense brush is severe.
«~‘Phae struggle for existence by Ribés is” 80 severe on these aites
that it seems probable thet If they reeeived any particular set-back, they
would b¢ unable to’ survive. fo test out this theory approximately a
thousand bushes of &. viscosissimm located in dense brush were lopped off
at the ground level, above the crown. Ordinarily. these bushes would re~
establish themselves during the following year. In the face of the severe
competition by dense brush 2% is doubtful af 211 bushes will survive.
The results af this epersnant wii), be available at the end. of the 1933
lao season." 12 QIKE
atands of werted sg
ck r a apis ~" % » — A ehort 2 bre
ats an ms soy? at? yee ot in eee io 4 i 4 thy Aye Fa" Nathan dae
& ee) rc Me di abies, AN: A , 5 ae ; dae. et dbs ale Miah ee hhh 2
i444
= a EEE SS SS _ - : =
fa ah a 3 re a ae ay
oe
bes
es
Be
y
=
1G BUGIS OHELES RONG Ay
C RYVASS i, QWUOE aa EEA BT
wir
{
Ele
os nner nemeane atone msacoweee- aati ja bag ee i abate dea it <A AN PE I —— Pe yaneee were = ae
> o oe t et
| AD ow, va £ me a
wa hito .e@feL or te .o8| |
ak? Yo (3g OEOM ROK Ai seo Miatoded fog | |
wiets wtih To? ; 1OL taIw% ) tai i to. nord. |
geek} wotg( foedads doeveds goat jaa biel, “ aoyeoky
peu 1 hee jhomerab. Jaa Berane :
a ie 4. ee feepe. es “be be:
aya it EN as ag taht : ear VET i.
nn ee rage Pees ete nhs Re
Eh s08 Serk a Se geet Oh ag RS oe ‘err ane?
i ee ees et ee {eg ee
ase xa
difye swois een
th agefenos.%
BF FSB. We
bomato 2b fiat. losvetae $9) FL “s Seat Et OF: 3 “Therm 3
Biot SLOT ett Lkbro® Gasinaiiont ed ftw atote ai bux ett
_péivuest Ianktt- 2o¥ soeses
yf ais? pemet me Sragere simian leone ty. off Se acideothas? _,
ie¥s. }_ Saves 3 wa meat 2 ett ani te test
0 pe ie f saneb ni yafwors wecw mutts tage fy. to Tavondr eft” ies
riteq Saad Sotdw adie meldoxuc $foobthth seom edd scactreg gt — Bre
ait te ejest eft stadt — ,dnetnos ed Beotet ets ethos hota fet ext? nf ewer
» TR,
, ,wrebin ,eudsonsed vewoll fw to esods dtiw kinowiadnt ota eorend goere
mort eedfifl ad? evomer oT wegdt Ilse bead of ¢Lroritth ylsmetsxe ef St
tc a? ast of aywetm mobise Ser add cet wreanesor et dP notte seerld
agittie a aitw S nativyne--aeod dur ;wanlg tone ¢ ,ahleslitt-ettor ato brav
BSREOD xe wet xotam edt eh bevoset o¢ dain att ett © sire’ ankere *ro
at 50 bern; od ans ROIS aot ont eroted
eit om svad slut ias0P) 2 a6 setts asedd fe godin
fovert mote avil oft .e7007 sad+iniee avtelr tks¥ stom xo se1st
na gedorexd Beat? .swotD ly HOTT eMioerth eckliate eodonesd wie 8 ra
t7 godwurn eyral a ‘be eoaéeeta sit witese *to xacid bite efssied ote 3 fue
aysg at cayid eaaoh ody Giiw Bo ttitenqmon taily vedao liad astone td tiem bash
(Bae
*
a
Ve
dhe onan? mo SyoVaR Of af eee die YG enced e tte tot olteuade ag? .
t viva ton talgotiaed yaa Bevioos t yous °F tant sidsdotg guese TF fits
. vletamixorggs yieerds afdt tuo. jaat of .aviwive of 3+ eidags od Sluow
quel aren deri’ wagsb mh badaset poateeteone cy § to esdeud Saeasost
“Bie a pagfend seaud vik tantiro ~ swore ott evods \favel Brarota eit ts
Ag ~ "one ent mi ,xeey Bh. reo tfot ead sarred. gavicements tel fdatee
yenivisn iis eadasd [le “Xt fotsanod et #2 Meoxd ‘ganeb yd “no htivegmo
<SOP off to Sua ond ta ofdalteva od {fre IetomP tears wind to gi finet “Sat
souaoe ‘STert
r Rust Control
ot stant Supervisor
ay E dicate “the, pibes from along streams where the |
j ‘ba as well as the most ben sed dese oo occur, In
ay née sure ageinst blister ay the progrem of stream
athon has been effective, It. has served to protect
the area of white pine thet « program of complete
ands and in streau type could have accomplished
\ This is evidenced to « certain extent by the fact.
tons known to have come in on areas where Ribes |
This one’ exception is a light
seedlings which sprouted on an aren after
ag/Has done in 1929 and which has not yet been reworked, Although
hart time has elapsed since work done in 1929 and 1930, if Ribes
nen ey ited from the streans on these areas. such infections
st Control maintained 5 camp on Qrogrande Creek engaged in the
i ra conjunction with the Forest Service work, the Division of
i various chemicale on BE. inerme.
LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF AREAS “~~
This area includes working unite 1 to 4, Bach. dreinaze has timber
stends of waried age classes which have # great influence on Hibes distrie:
bution, The mature stands were relatively free from Ribes ond required
—
feauch
bo
Fae trey FI BOee
CLEAR WADI
NATIONAL FOREST
IDATLO
BOTSE MERTDIAN
28
LEGEND
WORKING UNIT NUMBER
UPLAND ANDO STREAM TYPES WORKED
STREAM TYPE ONLY WORKED
WHITE PINE INFECTION
RIBES INFECTION
YEAR OF RIBES ERADICATION
1929
1930
ANNUAL REPORT 1932 1931
HE. SWANSON
1932
‘a wake ©
“ a
v ae Ny re
a va
Pa &, . rom |
ie wig vos y The Sa aadaettiin ktenka’ ‘coltet ned many "Bibe &s
¥, pelally: aifficult for ‘working were teo,lanece reprotuction stands, one” .
ot, weper. Whuyse dhe 11 Greek ‘and: tie: other on“iolo Creek below the North’
hg fore, bh vary fine stand of: bite: p{ne reproduction compri ging @bout. 5.
ecti north of Uud.Creek Lookout on Bldorade Creek,
hei Servet ta shade out 6 gens iteret amount. ot
© wets and vere elimtastes from the Eavttol axes. In doing thls, tae
orisideration. ly ae *0°establish hounderies wiih weal: se Be ,
fo sdjncenp areas of 08s white pines ee eS
9, erevhy ‘i 18° $i s district As fae ered end ‘steep ip
aiid Nae ahe- “ihe. gi sie me
Se hy i is area Ai nereaeiss ee a fats? a 6. “Oroftne: Creek iin
‘consi sts of varied age Classes. The pole and mature stands req ui red very
TS t Ole WOE Re PPUA REL GH Stand s ahd Peay FHP supported w lee wy Bibes
greete and presented difficult working conditions,
ae the. AR fork of. “an creek eoitnl as priiiiga Lie an exeslient
pole abn: of white. pine with some reproduction and mature etands spotted 1
/through it. gome of thie ares bas been erezed over by sheep which has served ||
| to suppress” mach of the Fibes «nd brush growth, . A condition om thie area
welch neg not been found on any of the other workiag vnits. ig the wide
_distripytion of B. petiolere, Wot only did the win streame suvport a
heavy growth of B. yetiolare put there are numerous amell seepeges ~ithin
the pine stent ent algo above it which hed BR petiolare scattercd alone
_ thetr, oars. ‘These Ribes. Rvew in close association with dense alder. j
ches. hich made. searching and eproying very difficult. The egncentrations i)
ot Mices were sufficiently heavy. to maine hand ’ pulling meio? Tous + if
far. only ud oaks wee york has been done, on thts area, s :
Bf i . nies warkna! on the exst stae ot: bees Uhokrante: creek
upported fins stends of white pine. Ag on other arees, the pole and m ture
iB as “requi. Me d very Little work, The: ‘reproduction ‘eteads do not. Coupri ee.
if Neate: mtigvous blocks, elthourh there 1s a considerable azount of |
e pine re repr magne reattered over the ares. ‘The patches of: Matai on iy
©. Cresk are #0 located that they were hard to reach. end while not |
ser bes growth were be bicasaer ov wr oe of the
al oe 1am om
_- -~ ——— —— —
brush and slope,
Windfalls,
per acre,
viscosissimumn
R
Open reproduction, 2,000
Difficulty factors,
W. 1079,
Be SS
Se
Ca ay
Ey
i“ es
Pog is an ems r i RS oa
RES A a el NE RE. yng Xa:
TR SPO SS,
necessery On area,
ground cover shaded out. Scouting only
Dense pole,
ibes free,
R
-
640,
Annual Report 1932
H. E, Qranson
e ae pol pies. socal a
heavy: indfe ‘nh and brush. endian
gn
Ph iSe pinectyne pf liO<.yrane,, or mare in eee
There was very little brush or windfel
Dihabret bk AR. the AVS, | ti mbe
[aiiidedi—eee eee
ad owas # the only ‘ungt OS no sala work. had. been Pi
snta.the lowest cost work and also ‘the Largs et solid Bibek wpe:
ole be pas 2 bpaporaait pay been A AOnR :
lacustre hidden by brush and down log,
B
Difficulty factors,
W. 1095,
log,
d
lecustre revealed by moving surrounding brugh ané
&
W. 1096,
Annual Report 1932
H. E. Sranson
; ‘ rT fees ol pa . wigsten ‘
Based BSS CABS LInse se. a eX thee vas 5
PORLS RINGER Bee Wee (Hat te
fe * PR
vy yb eb ‘of ‘the. eoradeekis WAS -the same as ta 1931, Ae
cama: eet ine: of the Clearwater Yational Forest; whose responsibilities
and duties were chiefly «those pertaining to organization and maintenance
“Of camps, wae in charse of the operation, Working in caope ration ‘with
chim wasia ‘project leader from tie Division of Blister Rust Gontrel whose
ive sponsibilities and duties pertained chiefly to the supervision of the
work in the field, These men were assisted by three unit supervi sore
each of whom directed the work of six or seven campe,
‘fhe project.consi sted of 20 camps with 21 or 25 men in each,
a thi 5 anna amen roe gig we ms singer make ieabigany wo ri,
Tt % @ * oy FA Be 4 was ‘a AMER
Cleaswnter The: Diviieson- nai,BASabon Rest Contes] ambos thenetde an ‘independent
fohecking co tenat sation ef ten men, ‘one man ete —* biped Sagprieei to niacicet ae
il ge cheek of: pes thei ren: ohare
wns Om Skee. 2 Ata ee se aa ee ae a4 8 ki ee eee em. Ay Sea 5 AP tie
<a dey, iis Oo 2 > & shi f : », be Fas ace oid 4 ~
- hb Gare On. Ai bes SPAS. CASLER, : 2 Lee 3 Wie S ;
nen jae 1 SP as ‘ & ein i] kp hty 9 eg
i: ¢ wy cH te re Py ano Oe ah an iu
she erupt at ome) po asthdnr this an, spe secure . SB ‘ee tear on a re tach
devtanatiens of the: general amemployment situation. However, (the turnover in
men was greater than it: hed been in previous years, Thie wes due in part
ho. wage reductions taking plece:onauly 4. and.in part to the large number
of new men who were hired under the policy which was necessa app preted to
eget ie maseoep Lagsie nt: ened an in oe ag gspstea the £4 °
Vretg Ha the Poet, Fe he i BE ie ae LUT eS Pe Roe ei
Cont re] sitihliedngla thes Milam oatinoet of men: who wesuliineil dhtetnduont the
‘sea son. conetituted the strongest. end moet efficient field organization if
that has: been engeged in dibes eradication on the Cleerreter-Nationel Forest, ||
the large turnover among the other men wes a drain on the output and |}
efficiency of the entire project,’ On the bagig@ of tests made in former
years in the training of men, the average daily output during the first
ten days of work ie 30 per cent<-to 50:.per cent) less: tham ‘the averece >
output: for ‘the belance: of the season.> This Toss in output amoints to ebout
$26: per man: béive'd on effective man=dzy cost s,>° With = total turnover of
more than 102) menduring the sumer thie lose in: out put represents:an: Hi
important’ 4 tems-approximatedy $2,652.00, The hindrance which an inexye rieneei
man is to an experienced crew and the attention which he requires from the !
crew leader haw mot» pata a, epee in a Sessa eninge may? area Madea
‘cost of trainings: of © t= pitied te 3. setinlds ER Be
Por the most effective field forces it ie-necetsary to haveos |)
nucleus of capable, “expe rienced men with & pcod knowledse of the frm@ementals ||)
inwethods of work, «In 1931, on the first: laree’ scele: ope retion, this 1
group constituted shout 20 per cent of the totel number of men hired,’ which
wes mot adetuste’Se-a.trained nucleus, In 1932 about 35 per cent of the men
118
il |
vat
ll
——————
SS ——
c oi
et OFS tJ
ditencaret
fh. ar ”
2 Be DIT i746
7 2 ¢ o 4 a
Ofs7st IqGeor
: on dn or
( Lov ig rf
4 “. ~ & 4 -
es Ly wy hs
eae | ; od }
se TOse rey eq
A
t -
“f en cr oveory
ww Ml es Ge
- os 12 .
Pw iu | hOLs BD
ve catse
; Sars)
_
Mir PPAG TWALY
HOITPTAS LAA
pt EE ens WAL. :
Lise ;
AO to Segoe’
ts figh bes
if. vrado at seams To
sad wor t 268 gel rape pal a aaw oid
ais of vf xee dy hentatysa getéub haa aeltd ii id feaoge st
ga7 rie os gem seodT biett ed? at arer
. . ‘ z % =
oF 4 itow aft betoerth modw to dose
n db an ae ~ Alal
20D SIseteta sAT
ait dtiw bedosnnes stew mem OBS ylotamtxotqgA
- tre 4 ; bee AEF ty
trite lovdaed tamS§ rede tig to aotelnl ett
ie e. XO Xs to po tigs fanart
wre oft Ila to stoeno oltiameteys
0 ODOT TS 18S : 3 $
om sires vrs f oJ can SOL sedd arom
noir: ae stiw 9 ¢ he oe geaneat t taatroamt
| ; ort & 6 orf w motdn gaxo ma OF ef cam
ont ake Phaere ¢ 220f et tex ae trehsel wers
: . - stated to sg0o
ry i peagon af tt ,eorot Hf et? avitoetts teom oadt TOF
ens! % halwort hoon 3 diiw com beoae kr egxe ,eidagss to arelonun
x .. + é weno efaos eT ; toe Ft oft 10 gl bel rae tow to ebedien st
mare vee ee dram Latot ent to treo req OS Jvocs hetutitencs gyorg
“ Rh "80 3 , Be sods FECL nl ,eueform boniats 8 838 etayooba ton 2a¥
hired were experienced, This percentage is a minimum requirement for it
represents ebout one experienced man for each crew, To insure an effective
organi sation which will function from the start of the season to the close,
a nucleus of BO per’ cent capable, experienced wen, who are known to stay
the entire sesdny, is edviseble; Unfortunately, 1 1932, ebout 50
satisfactory men with one yerr's experience on Ribeg eradicetion ere
dequalified unter the policy which was necessarily edopted to relieve
most satisfactorily and fpiagsllaaepid the digo res bn Calapan situation
in the reer eS ts pelne 5 are, web Laks
pact vork, Tigre Lie ye. wd eh oleate QR P eat Fs he
“2% t 3 ee ae 4 Ry
During the season ‘the call for blister rust men as smoke
chasers was not heavy out prectically all of the camps were called out to
four larger fires, twovon the Selway Hational fore st and two on the
Clearwater. Wational Forest, Time mee by the crews on each fire varied
from three to nine days, A total of 2,760 man days vas chargeable to fire
suppression,» Thie reprasents nore things 8 per. went:.of .the:,teteal man days
spent on the entire season's job: and 13: percent of the total effective
man days on Ribes-eradication, . Although the man days on five were yea
for out of fire funds, there are certain.losses resulting from the } A. 8B
interruption in the steady and uniform progress of the work, the camicnt
reduction inthe efficiency of ‘the men, end the fewer number of man days
over which fixed charges are spread which are not equalized, This
last item increases the effective manedey costs
SVAGbE GRE a
oe
Blister. reat - crews.are a-planned element “in the fire control
forces onthe forest,’ To prevent exceesive interference with blister rust
control operetions, thé: ‘Pore st. Service adopted a. policy which. zeve
due consideration ‘to fire emergency; but eliminated unnecessary holding
of men in camp. rr: bea to.fire.end.exrtended Attlee on. fire ater roh.
ETHODS AND E BOUL EMeaE
The waited: and itihinkad sand on Ribes erediceti on work were
for the most part the same as those used in 1930 and are more fully
described in that report, For hand pulling work the standard 3-man crew
Was used, except on some areas with lerge numbers of Ribes where one and
Zeman crews were used to adventage,
In chemical work sodium chlorate in a 10 per cent solution
(.9 lb, per gallon of water) was applied to BR. petiolere with hand pumps,
To insure good work, all the erea wes inspected by = checking
organization of 10 men, The check consisted in a systematic cruise of
2 per cent to 4 per cent of the ares worked, Any areag on which the
Ribes growth had not been reduced to approximately 50 feet of live stem
per acre were reworked,
1793
~% toometinost momiscin s at sgsiseoteg eldT beonerreqns grow Sar te
etyent of ,weTs doaS- s6% age Beonetracxs ese Jods atnee Si grt
wots off ot nogste eh? Yo grate oft mort xekiounrt IfLtw doitdw mo bi ar inagto
cade of Rework ete ode jes beote iteqze "46! daqso Saad aeq70@°%o ereisoun 3
G2 syoda’ ,REQL af _elotcavstotad jel Gaetvbs et poe ses ae line edt
avew ae ita hate eadth no sone ta ogxs a 'taay ote ative wear yrosemte tiae
svaiiet of besqob’ yf Insea cc anidde do tin go biog eddotabas ho titiaspath
sotteutin $neevolomend' Sntveerqoédi yilsitesgrt bas yltrotestelitas teom
pro igsr ett ont
Quai WORN NAD LAUESTMAITE CO MBI w |
stare ga nen tam tstethd eot {fan ‘eds s6aBer anit? ae tted
ofar scued sdéo%o Ife eilastésarq ind wards ons se etoqado
so Lanotta yawlst edd mo owd ,2or kt stogial wo0t
balvey ach ipso ao aworo edt yd tasqe -omdt teerot fetéitel r9otewrssl)
o-ttiet aldeegrads aa” py cam Gal Soto Letwdad ine qed om Px 03 ccends moti
‘atod off Yo ones t4¢ Sommtit orem.e tase OTgot gist. > soleesigqie
at dao bef iss
> oe) +
Sir 8H Owes
bere is
Veh HAM J 3 § Q
ay be igged af to tron voq SL bae dot s'aogsee erfins edt mo Iaege
bisa @ exit ae suet sam edd agus ark woftsothare sadii ao eyeb aan
tiinser etenol atedies ata ated? ehowrt exit to tyo 10%
exetoqeed odd giver aff lo waangotd eroticy Baa ghadds coeds orl to tigauirsdal
gysh cam ke edssx vewst ad¢ Bas aod odd jo -veretot tte edd in borskionber
aie? oSevtlarae ton eta dort Beene ws ¥t¢greto bextioudoide reve
wives yafertss evitegtte sad gsasetom? aedioteal
cont meme
Usb t.e aster 2 4
fortesos orit edt of jwontgle Seanalgse stg ests demi wete tia.
fafld dtiw eoagretaial ovigesoxs sasvorg of weotot eft no agorot
ava Hohie yotleq « Bi qots ao ivrs® teerel elt ,aacttareqe Lorine
gr itled grag dosnt bevact hit o ted aqpaegrams (et ht of atetterebheaos gerd
(leréag srl? ae yteh Hsheetse bus ert? od Dias satttaws qmes! ab irom Xo
WIMMER B24 SOOPER
oar drow s0tiexiiors wodht ao hese teong ive? brs » Sd fds ea?
elistmemoens hate OCR a? hare esed? es wmap ad dh aq tear ede poet
ners ated fiskeeds aft Son geal leg dans 10% Wwroger dadt at-hedhroe at
grote sgral adiv cavts, wree Ko ta goxe og beethoae
Lae S20 aeaiv @odis ke
A Gtgnd Se GE DOM, BEIM VSB gages.
dopa thor srer lsekwedo at
codes inn cee seq OL ent £
fqus aaw (vetaw to sabes req oat
MEST
vowre Beat Mier araLotieqg J ot bet
Ra)
ouinoeda « yéchedoegen k eae aeta ord ihe gies Howg reread oT
gtiawatieys 2 at bedeitisoo ale ede cortt ogren O02 w0bd gs Eataggyto
to se heres
oti dodciw ae edexea ga! Bebhrow ata aid td difeo seq et ed pdaer tog €
nsde wari ho dee) C6 yloteatrorgga 1 deauhot seve toa Sad idbreva med if
ROA LOST: CLew an
ClARewli ied @ipemditures, calugine year 143,
4, Solewlexn «
r cent of the present control area has been
compintol worked... An: ek act 38 per cent has been given partial
protection by, the, working of stream type,, Qn the remaining 20 per cent
no Ribes eradication work has been done,
e's woo is being prepared which; will include s summary of all
past work, suena amr ig and estimates for — the present
control areas Gong’, .
Se *
o« @ Bie «@ ” Meg BEA, Rue, oe 5%
2. tre adhd PS? pe oie OF EXPENDITURES
tuna, by. Server,
a mepepetons, celenter year 1932,
aa year, keay a st half) | 837, 32 148. 86
A. Forest..Service blister rust sppropriations, . +4 %93i,489, 14
B, Division of Blister Rust Control approe 80
Ky PFLBEIONS. 004-0004. RPh ONO oer eb eae ue boeeboroos 7. 337,44
i. Paar hee we ae neem eremesrebeercossserssrsserescccan thay 826, 58
SSE y p 4 7 1% |
Piscal yeer 1933 | (first half) pi S 2A0, éx
{3}. Esra gt vase Ae fe
2 * peta Seales | bits ster rust SpPTOm. " * 28%, 41
Sacer cgi sinc seene Shs OlG OS 5 suk ke
of 2 Ottis cr rennet Bs nett
= Salaian Prt e sees se seaenscence pode 024, 39% 5 mi 8
B. Division of Blister kust Control “°° °° i
PTT RSL ORG Gib ciek ks 6 85 tN neko kc chee cians
MOURA oe cb cce ceca cap sse oe tons a0 6 skid DG ose <OPOIRRTO TS
I.
Grand total, both fiscal years.... geececes $139,094.32
Re ee OE
hie 0 Pet 2
ae TAROT ct Pe
12 55 SBM a Lert SLL OS. CLM, Bs Yates Be trot¢eda
wd wy ¢ 3 ; er 4 oy ae fr FA — hw ont as
Z 5 i? ie: § Bt & pre 0 5¢ th ae shh ee FBT Oe i ag I CIGD
sorar~ ye MA. Bis
yt ett gd moltosioug
asad aad srow wo ltagivats padta orn
> - ” . z me Se . . » e,
re a s i w MO LCY & SyPITgG Af 2 sh
borg ay t 447 so ee é 5 Ft ane ye to
5 oz i ei ae = j i 3° > DS sitei Ss iz RAa
z= ; ee
were Loriaceo
Li EEA E gici hs
nee Breen onaemrninarhem maa pal oer on
Pa ; ,
SSEOL ora97 cabaslao ok
~ 7 . a |
~ ore + oy hog -weney oe “3 ee ™ Om
x Oe « é 5% RRO x fe es yO Rs ve Sto"
- or ® s arn
~ ne ie k ak ; rN 2, * ;
wertcy 4 & te woke ty iC
; ‘ ere es ee Pie
+. ‘. x. eS wale o GRE eR ORER. « nN 0 506 2529S RTE oy
Cre ¢ OS_goernre vases 2 e+ 6a 8 9) 2376804 06 DETNSS . Hie . ES
Ae
SBE CSS ake CASS oF DWE SS oi
r 4 _ . nie. @ ~
64% epee id » sb s ~« &t re
Ais SES teweow ade £40 30 wf
ft 2» ae & ery
GE his U5 FG TA NE Sowa L08S wed hewn <M BO TRAAT
t es eka
9 SPP Pee ee ee ee ea Del ie
© , & if ’ oe | “y ee sery
GSrxsvaoveae 6eat ae 5 Ks ea ¥ iP }
|
AT
ITi,. Actiwity
Il, Classified addenda’ tures, galt fl year 1932,
Ay Baye ert eh iis
Dae bletan beekeck ‘Kenerrinion Jove Bh, 01,8)
i Fi a. maudkibieihcs..,..... hearers 94. ” ? oe 174 oe
4 @. Division of BAister......... comers Ledede?
; w Eust Control... ‘ee GOs oe Me BSS..57 . ® $12,635, 51
a by COG heel oh Or WRT POS bw Bc eo ai , ms
B, dagen... e « ts ehee & ae ® &
A Forest Se rwhed.is.:... 54. 864s 673. 91
4. Be Division of Blister
be Rust Control... oi. ee 3339, 39 $y > °T3 583, 80-
a Sreight, , Th i
4. Fore st aaaionas ee tat eae , © gute ROE tye Set ad Sag
2. Division of Blister
ot} uiiats Controls... feces, " 837,32 16, he be
Kit SAORI eo eke ow u's Ps a4 ge »
D, Subsistence’ SUDPUOS ao veesvnsrenes yess sale 27,960, 76
oy RG niente: Urage et and oxy ) Cand Py
Lm Supplicm end equipment =. 20% 82
puppies: GaP a) a oa ee a ncarawoiitttiecine eaten te 9
(a) a. $3,360, 09
ty OM >» (d): Bradi cations. .o....6. 3, 752. 55
Le (ed OEE Ks eeeeeeeservenee. ana l «+ -: a a
a
am
Re Bes 2
&
= * >@*
oI ee
at 1 Ons &s
# BRB Bike pe ee) eeeve “ee
PR, Mi sovdianeone at CCE ARN as 1,484, 16 905 BS
{1 enfetea
e : es CoPe Ger Serer e ree renerecrenrerasreres 139, 094,31
« > Ma
oa “eee tee oh @ eeave 2 @ 4 7% te 2 Re tre
(Hee eH SHEE DH we we . @ « : ore & &
; a de ei
eee * SeewRe ep eee sv enasoeeur se 2 2 Sep wi § => e ;
7.
ier i t eo Pee fe & i 2
4 :
* v7
= ae 2 ee
é at Fe cae 3 Barre ”
2 Vinee I ay 2s
ce (ite 2 to A Peneevea 4 € sg ”
on , ;
Pi Cis 4} es ,& te ee & ee a oe * gaye & ae a oe ee ie ee # 7) Pa
* td ee ee re
4 nd 2. 45%.) 3 5 x iy & a 6 a a e ° * e 2,
P es
‘ } g 4 3° 2 ° && i
= 4 a me pap ae . + as ve i sey Dita oe i ak
Rote: i, PPISGLMLIGN Chatgee On A guigne é 4
- “ * eg *
Me
# & #
ee Rar x
in
pee
Iii, Activa ky pea cateniur year 1932,
L Ve yomo.o
rae ev vaiean 2 tore, .. :
ea. ‘Direct’ “project weiieewtnion6 356: vce sieve@hl, 662,82
er Pay MMC G MNS (81. nine scccc cts odo. 7eaneereoe Ze 819,16
h Ove rhead, & le suka Ge Nin bow eee wees 6 1, 231, 73
in@,! OQvetheed office work employment......... %5458, 55
So Preeredi cetion sMrveysieiis cc ccsereeses a “1, 905,.%0 ;
6. ro tage RR Ee A a a 2330.78 $28,077, 73
2 aes. BY S Pi
5, evtabeegontibs Sibi '=i3 ee lions
1 Transportation af. MIapercce heGBGei?-+° $40, 00
2. Freight, SEpPre sao. ATAYO BC. so ooresseenons ‘ 986, 78
fo Gy) Trncit.drenepo rtetion, § io 915% asecaee sess. 20 71,85 nee ee
4, — RRRPRRE AREER, a nnn nant ts - st AROSE 15, 151, 98
Seon COS Gredi Gatign oaeration,:
G. Dgulipiaat men “Har oe $8.48... ce 3, SEC Pam
ee ee er cas eas "$336, 28
Be HQUAP MEN a veins es conc beecceeew based oe 285, 85
3, lida ntenanee’ (wages and expended le, repeirs)
(a) Camp Se. cin eesecceenesas ce Soe 209; 92 —e ' a
(b) Eveafeatis Tees eee "39,80" aod} men ats oe
Doin) FO WAT ee ree ern eneerwcees retin 2428276 2,904, 89
D. Depreciation ot eget pucat’- chee , ’
Ly CAMP, . Sie Wee eels ews welaene son srreerrceececs 3,941.42
2. Wridieatians.:...... oO eee . “893, 22
ae Rea Aky Sr" Bibi LUAU ERTL ON EGE a tango
a
_ * “them cel sana supplies e
f em 2 Ghemi cat... SOOseeeeeeeaqgesranbecsergece , 2,904, 83
D ty ee GraBltenssssesereeeceeceessec ese sssecsesees 7 ‘17,60
GM A oho ela hs nigi nia bncipeie'c'soc'ew eae 6b ss 8035 98 3, 526.41
ae) ad hee fe segend Bihae Steet $ mis ty :
Camps eee and mhSakannnen)< 2,007. 07
? ae Trail work 8 i ae 221, 50
x Telephone communication and winitaee } 170,93 2,399, 56
G. Hand ES ERS Crete ae diab, eld aS Ue dive Wes CW ko b CRO eRe b wk 79, 510, 30
Hq, Chemi cal PERNT OGL ORS 65s iis bio bow eiiwecR elie. c cig acu kiwis ot 4,400, 09
t to Miscellaneous GAPENSS reece casnoveveccpomecceaccevercses i 38,60
Total cost of POJECH. cr eececceseevaesDIG0e 794, 78
Wote: 1, Depreciation charges on equipmentused but purchased out of funds in ||
previous years accounts for the difference between total cost of
project and total expenditure for the curreat year,
2 For more detailed report on expenditures and costs see report of
January 4, 1933, by P. H. Gerrard of the Forest Service,
a SV, a8¢
8° fel ef
C8 ,f0e.S
SS ,=Ot 42
Lt 468 ,€
| BE ,COE,S
OC OOS,
oe a
By ben Ole eGo D STH HOH SHAKRBEHKHHS woehorg ‘to f209 Lave?
. ECL. 759% asbrelgs se Jego sitvitos all
~ sola ivrequa
£8 ABBA IRS oaes vey neetobe Hrnegire toetotg toorit Bows
Af C154 vv dies ot ae Salieri ae one a
eX ALES f es iia ig bends eiocaie Oe & bsbifreve- ot:
SE SELLE 6.4... deel gad Ziow ashy basizeve wb
OT BOC Lise ewcensevecnenatVine aOltnotharsert £
SORE. s + ++ ois Stee nde ries «+ aainniie sane gee men, 2
00 »CA% sad ree ale an ugianoeee i
BT .dee ctvunnecoves es s@gmyeth ,aeeigxe ,idyiert .S
CE La 4S cr igeedeteersedes se ett fisotogenart Bore? r
revpisrmmeiintnMMIR L228 3 a oe
2 Pnengino=
SE. 4GE és (Tones ema e acc eeene eraser sense es oS GRIOTE wd
6 26S asteun cic saucaesesaeccenenees os Oiteni Lp &
(et lager St se bantiee ioe 2930") Sonanetaial .f
LO QOE 88 in yesnseas aces ia: +s wee. ta) “
CB .BE nce iaeneece se dO tdMS bbmte (dG)
BT» S8S.5_ SE BB nee sce scence sens eet OPO (a) ..
i a gee
= diiddig tvoe %o- ‘Ko HBloes 70%
"gh ,£20,8 ashe hak teed keen eer ee ok
+ uk
oA
x: |
BE 805 Sc etereeneesesousawspers see gO hao there ass :
SL 25S si adie woe 0 on SOAS DSR EE OD cule etn eeee
“e esiiqase bas ales tmodd
£6 ,40€ .& bie 8a A WoW ae els ee ee okt
Od oi » aie ww Wwe 06a 8 wh ied wails RO hd sa &
LA CTT er Perr er ey rrr er Terr rrr rs, fF - aa |
= sqm
TG 800 .S ...,(Sommeotslom baa colttontience) eqnad ft
OG »fS& ft 8 " aver Liar?
09 Oe
€G,OC1 (ecuanedatem dae cotiaoizermoo enosiqele? .f
e#eceenwnenenaneeuneeeaneune er Mere rine warmer er. ts Be Beak
gd wee ka wwe dle pO Rea eke w dad wal ce ei Does fan imedd
Te oe ee ee a nsdn: Col egoenal Leow iM
eee Tneriss att stot suytibeegze fated baa Joejotg
i
D
ver
7 ee re ee Ae Yb Pe ae meet
30 dxocay soy edeoo O56 eoretibaegze wo Sroger beltateb stom 10% .o
ofere® foero'l edd te brarred BH A yd .8bel «fb yrevaat
w? ebagt Yo doe bevadoverq ted beewsnargiops ao eegiado molselperged of saton ot
to teoo (adot weewted sorcerettis edt tot atasovos axa0ey euolverg ie
in
eampoi si te. oaks’ =| ao
Me pay. on me a oe]
- P >]
77 ores 792 1.5663
1
a my
4 [Ald Upland Vie etthivevecveeee sy
[Stream ee fo ee a t chew cal ered ee SE DMs a ol.
LStream_( 2 =
in aay et ry 85..$1, eee:
nos genes & $, O80 409,90
beep neverteeescereede ks Coos
- ~. eee 2 Ag < eh Bs :
=e Tae ameaort: ‘Rives eredteetion : 2
Spere er eee eee, 734, 78
po the ae Rides eradication operations aré pre eaenhed tn
febiariag Len ae | =
bad. Uplaps * p58!
fears aa “ae Nb p
oT 645, 208!
= Senet Bibe es tte,
TABLE WO. 1
INITIAL RIBES ERADICATION ON CLEARWATER NATIONAL FOREST, 1932
Work- | —_ : | T_Acre Beate |
ing | |
Unit | R. R. visco- R. Gallons
Number Type Acres lacustre | sissimum |petiolare Spray | Cost
[_177 ___ 34,198]
Be ee ee ee | 257).
~_ 22,469] 7,592 | a “5,968! — 58,3034 —
£2038}. 4? 1.280] 145186]
74,625) _ _ 264, 2461
oot 8754206]
=. --| —_ 604958} a
757430 207 = aC ae 7 1,912,743) _ 19, 488, 17 a7e
Se | aco *3.512] 936,249) 90) | - =| 667,362, -_| 11,6721 1,38) 665
ense Reproduction] 120] 1°] 500), ~—Ss1,000,, i -__|____07, 2a! raf
Se soil 7,424; 80. | ~~ a2, gel_.04l 5
| 4 [all Upland Types | 2,966] _1,87¢]___ 1,878] __ 844,670] _____81_] 8774 ~32,151,7¢] ,631 Peal = 14,07]
| [Stream (bana) __| 194] 177/ 56,794] 8,179] 500. =| 64447 j_-20347,121 +23} _ age] = 2
| [stream (chemical)*| eal gale zee 424,98! 72 - [47 1 6,28
| 4] P8794] eee 209 ks 1,572,101] 0 a an oe
jim -?410}] 87,667] __ 852,849] __1,le1 | - "TT eaisee7. dle _-13,723, 6] _, 66] _20gf = 1 4.1]
[- Serer ey Pra STI 684, 147,386, 64,046] 2,704 | sult6,_-__| 4.492, 964 271302] = | 6.20 |
| coea [tact eal 7,536] 9060) 2 | es eno] = 54a gol sel anel . 81 _|
Mature | sol jea ag,7esl 7.agol pa | | soggy) | 192, 40 al el = 1.2 |
I 6 (aut Upland Seca Tu.soal“os2l 197,72] 80,586| 2,280 | 20,507) | e160, a5]. Lav sol aa
| ream (hand) _ | _183| 90) L214] ss 350 | ER 5 32,570| = 583, 28! Se ee
| [Stream (chemical)*| 11) 13 = “t oe ee 0 ee ee | S21. : 148. 68! 1,64] 29 13,52 |
| [All Stream Type | 168] 108) os), 514, =a -s “30 a ee a ee - | 3,89
5 [aii types Ti,ceil 1,060) "220 ,226| 01,092) 2,639) - | - | 2.057, amt) 001, ot] vga) iss) - | 4,06
lopen Reproduction | azz] 226! _2°,200[ 32,716] teas! - | = [ ¢3.soal - Tisga- eo! a! joel = | 44
| fgganeate "tat 9 aaa CEP yas | aS RRS BNE Yo _ | 3,843, 12) 82 —Ls2l - | 5,35 |
| LOpen Pole mou 9738137) iol [- | - | 3,705) - |e? se) Sagal
| Dense Pole =a yak Si $52! | aa <1) eee (eee A yo) eee ee _s2. 41 ot ae 205 |
| 6 (Dpen Mature _ 1,214] 536, re 142,052, 4a | | 0s, 2go] 445,021, 57] 167] 3.66 |
| [all Upland Types | 2.179] 1,607, 170,306! Ee er ee ee Oe Pe 10,414, 86] 51] ize) - 3, 28
| [stream (hand) | 455, 252) 79,403] "6.187] 4.622 j= | . | __ge,219| _-__| __1,6a3.20] 65] 196 - | 3.50
| [Stream (chemicel)*| _552) 660, = | at 138,202} _7,363,701,20| = _65 | 13,34
| [al vam Type _ 552,912) 79,403) 8,187, 4.620 [ - | - ! 90,219 "35,702,_8,996, 9011, 651 __— = 16. 20_|
acer ae OMTORTS 270 444) “7.2031 - | ~~. $27,436! 35,7021 10,411, 76.68! 14il- | 5.20]
1 Lops ‘tion | 1,016] 1,866, _ 46,789]1, 302,628) 7o2 | 8,24] - 11,368,360" = 12,242. 4311, 8611,337| 2,05
1 114 3.535 1508) as eee eee 7 | s—'7S8, 83), 32! 97 - Ph!
aL 25] 1,640] Tease as Cae Ca -__| 167,021" rely ,egsl__- | 21.57]
aT 1,381] 2,028] _51,964]1,349,338! 767 | 8,257] - ").410,396| - | 13,143. 3311, 4711,00| - | 9.62
8 Pare eee Trem w1z0] 135,574] 4,205] = | = | | 49 eo] 74228, 451,07] 471] 6.90
([“o" Topen Mature 2 ey a a Ye eae ee eee 272, 201,78) 400] = }—8.04
Reproduct ——eaol aja! 30,926] o7a,n6.) 7e7] - | - | g19,04 : 6,022.57, ,99] 237) ; 6.44
2 21 3.9531 Ses 4,24 =| 142. sal
40) : 140] 25,02)
2,088] 611 911] fone 83? = | 13,532.19] .21
14, 12. 26, F
! | ae eran 12.9591 = err £502 24) _.15)___ 1¢ So
| | {all Upland ? Se al E : 19,896,
| [Stream (hapa) __ sof 88 1.040, 288.718 __ 2426 me =| 4 ___64740.17]
| stream (chenicni)*l16l. al. |e 7]. 644. 7al 4
(all Stream Typ: | 1,88)] 1s1el_ 395,714] 2,260] 6,685 | — ___=__| 344,650] 1,307] 7,384,051 ,50/ - |
____[ail types ______]13,249] 4,386] 904,519] _ 377,870] 13,776 | " 51143971 27,281, 41! , 32] 1041 _
[Open Reproduction | 266] 128] 2.439) __ -- 82.868 as 84 = __ 820, 56] 44
j nMature «| 44,545) 951 37,040] 68,692] 1,468 | 157] 4,876] 182,23 - | 6.163.371 .2
(iene Reser 719,881] 2.7471 og | = TL, 004 eee ol
| 15 |All Upland Types | 4,995) 1.1761 109,360] 173,822] 1,945 | Hit} ses] 203601 6], 24]
| [Stream (bend) __|___a2ai__ 94 276 402110490. | aval aes, 580] = |, my
sstrees_{ebsoieel 2/4 ae — = Sores es ee ee | es OR
I LALI 423) __ 213) _ 276 409] 10.4! _378| zl 65, 201 1.805.231 2501.
| -.-11]_Types__ ipl foeao 1,369] 162,636] 175,231] 12, 35) 740 -—-201| 9024,
oe : | ooo
z geo 94 ei
__ 2,054,
3.290] 2.5771 665,701 17,54) 22.660] rela Ee 748 oe
04524] 12,9161 2,201,425] 5,046,737] 82,032 [25,2631 79,8921 7 2.402 ol :
Pan Ea ae
2] 152 = 52,62 ]
“Acres in stream type worked by both hand and chemical methods are included only once in totals.
Annual Report 1932
=. E. Swanecn
i —— ———— ee ee = : — at _ = aoe
—=
= ——_ =~ 4 —— eee ae 5
or 49 ound
Syadi cohen
gC al GAT
SéeL ,TesHOe JAWOCITAH AETAWEASIO MO WOITADIGANA exely GUO Be
aera noi Tete est [Mbua) aie
ate es asd) ode |
eae
db, Eb [© lace __| maorte LAL _s =
: © & 109 SUS ad...
EE : x 4 ;
eee anne ree me
a
‘F
i
pa I
- nad 332 |
|
__ Ee [ee lot Meat Ico. hawt: thw Be [eel
las j Tao —— aa MN Ca eters TAsa.c. er eas nga - ©
il nn Pars = Be : po aa, it oe ~ ine 2 a a 1Oce Jou
east Bente, ne 108» IS 3..0 ee ope ere coer
Det |= 1 - lation les losa.s | = ts “Ene
FEIT. 3 $3.63 e
“el 2 eM led, [e0.08e.2 | = [era 966 [@a0,c8 [eve te Ljete ale =
S02. —aee je a : see [Cami Seuss ifs |
ae as : JOE, INO S02.S aC eee ak Sane —_
I
ae
ee
oe ae. ist. FEBS [LOO 6k (pe3.8 985, [Ba aa se leve.& a lésé 9.1 [ebb 261 [NOSE [p0S,$| mastta JtAls: Aied toU |
wiatod af gono yisco befelont ets ebodiem Iaotmedo bus baad diod ¥¢ healiow sqyt msetie af BOTS AS
SSeS ————E == — : = : SS SSSSE—EEEEE___—
— =—— ——= ———— = = SS eer ——————— _ —— a
— ———————— — a ———————————— - :
= =
—— eee Se SS ee
—— —————— SS ——
| Camp ‘ ois paueer are ON
See er oe es
Sag
scat Poors ce EoteY of 41,758.6 acres
radi caeen'st ‘of Bive wae, checks in 1932,--Of thie totel 34,170 acres were
worked 4n°1932 and'6,914,6 ecrés in 1931, he belence, 674 ecres, is in an
unworked, block-destgnated as ‘Supporting, jess. than- 50- feet of live stem per
ther
08 does the Bcreage checked total the acreage eradicated _
the. 1932. each ore tha ee Se were i atributea among
“3 fable No. ~1 the- -Ribes: “per acre ee iet Sreceeett on ere shown
TABLE NO, 1
ee
RIBES PER ACKE AFTER ERADICATION IN 1932
iguum | All Species
Feet | Veet
} Live | Live
; § Bushes| Stem | Bushee Ster
es Sees eee eee eee ee
Open Mature i eae ae ee es a ES eee Oe Es
1 [Stream rh re ih ree ee ee _| 34 | 194
CE CFP aaa AT RD WS CR LP |. Te ee
Qpen Reproduction | 4,1] | [| | i ae ae a 33 | 44
ai a
[Dense Feproduction| 6a] | | | | | pa a a ae
[Open Pole = «(| 6.4) #4 [| you 21)
[Dense Pole si a ee, ae 37
2 [Open Mature _ P23} Hf oe es a ee eee
Dense Mature | 2.0 | —_——_——. W
, ECG ee aa 210 ae ees
feadow ci a el i i ESS) DAN «ee ee
| Stream ___ aA See eae ee ca ae ape pL
All Typep | 2S | || __20 aeecb ecco es tase 36
Open Reproduction | Q 88 sat 8.18
Dense Eeproduction | 2,.0[ | | 2 ae ee eee
Open Pole a ata [us | 6 | 137
Dense Pole [2,0 | 4 aie =
Open Mature Emon eee i Ne Oe fee
sf Fr mi a E108 ee
Brush Ea Ree eae
Barren Ei a a]
Meadow pepe
nore io
All Typeg ae aes _
Open Reproduction ae 10 ___ 87
Open Pole ae _9 Ab
Dense Pole 0)
Open M
_Repr “40 |
Dense _Reproductto nome - £0 si 20
Open Pole
pen Reproduction
| 2.6 | 81
Dense Reproduction | 2,2 mbes: eel
| Oven Pole a p20 coe 3 ae
Dense Pole 11
6 | Open Mature ~
Dense Mature
Brush _ Cs 2,0
sotream ers
All Typeg 7 egies
| Oven Reproductioa 4.0
Open Pole _
| Open Mature
pen Pole
ial Lea
n_| 20] |
| 2,0 | Se ba ees
een = aes ae 6
| 11 [Brus
—_— = ed
Types Q DS RS 2 DR
N - Negligible or less than 0.5,
Checkers included veriations in types not recognized in Rites ersdication records,
Annual Report 1932 ( CONTINUED )
E, L. Joy :
127
fs 4
TABLE NO, 1 (CONTINUED)
RIBES PEFR ACRE AFTER ERADICATION IN 1932
re |
i Spedeg |
Per HR_netiolare | Feet | Teet |
Cent Live Live Live |
oe S| et i aa Re
—— el
fiense Heoroiuation {2g fT TT Ya Tag Fa Q | 9 38
een Sale Popa pole =. (O00 ale ee Ise ee 1 3 25
De es enpe Pole. 5 | giG@nis 0 p=) elas s i ee eames ee At es 2
ES (Da ee 3 3
; FE Cry ae eA a — 3 12 5 25
ponen-uators go 5 16 10 46
es a ae es 2 4 nt as 2 4__|
FL SO 1 SOU Kec! CCT cD aS pee REN Ce EG
Te TT FN a ed ee SE 30s is a
(Open Reproduction | 20] | | | | 17 | 40 | 30 | a1 | 47_| 121
v4 [Open Mature ss | aot Ts 68 6 15 51 | 183
* fie eet 216
ee ee ee ee
Dense Reproduct on 2.0
Open Pole
15 a
fi +--+
pense Mature ae!
am 1 29
tities tee
Qpen Reproduction
1g (Dense Reprogjuction
Open Mature
Stream
li
Open Revroduction
Pole
17 |Qpen Mature j
Dense Mature nes Rs N
Foe ee dee ee ae 26 2A |
nn oe or ee ee ee a ee ae |
Open Reproduction a ae ae ae ae 24 a8 24_|
18 | Open Mature 6
ense Mature
Stream
Open stars
Dense Mature
| 20 =
_ fee 1S a eee ee ey ee
Open Reproduction | 27] [| | | | 3 13 23 | 10
pense Renrodustion | ae [PP a a 13 ee Oa te
ee =
Deage Pole
I’ NalGrea Mature eae as
All [Dense Meture
(amp s| Brus
Barren
} eurn
Meadow
tream
411 pes
N- Negligible or less than 0, 5,
Co,
Checkers included variations in types not recognized in Ribes eredication records,
Anmual Report 1932
FE. L. Joy
: ee
ta be seen
ri Rig at :
i Ne ‘ahington [Pupkev Geb! bie band poe inate a ao om
TABLE NO, 3
RIBES FER ACRE IN 1932 ON THE ACREAGE WORKED IN 193]
| | Frou Table Wo. 1 wen derived the paneentage of moreagecin |
st type, upland types and ei? Wes th kt hot SHE POO She BS
feet of Ribes live stem per-mcre. These datanere showndn * Tavle ‘Ko, Iz. | |, as
a ! ree a
| Drainage | Area Type | Checie) Bu 1ahes| Stem | Bud Sten | Bushes St Stem |
" - } '
ar wR
Bar, Larson |
| if
| Me |
Nerth Fork | and Unnamed
tof the
| Clearwater
j Rar |
ee AE pee a oe a ——
Totals Rosebud|
Creek amé eR by |
eg __ [Stream Perea, mina jf dereage Suphorting | Ribes — aa
io
Se eae a pa
lOpen_ Heture ge jae PS aot pxeced ing mi henceinrtrni
lecrante | somin fon kao reer eo reer Tom Fee
eee Creek Stre
a
Be 00|
orn Creek —— ated mies Ki
ek Sa FER 1 |
iG ETD | SS te
q
2s
4
pOeen. Seprotucttoa.[. 2
Qsen Pole L
|Open Mature sss 4,
iDense Mature
Brush
fal
eye AC rn
on
P|
‘
(2 Bp ead ftoase.
vo owe Speen omectfbh Degen. epee
{Open Pole
| Qnen Me ture aw 3.1_
111 Areas ete tte 3.7 |
; - Tru 17
se 4.0
St eam
i
a oe WT 7c ae ee
ee a on 0.5 - . ; : , Pars
le or less than 0.5, Checkers included variations in typea not recognized in Ribes eradication records,
H
ae
TABLE NO, 3 it {
RIBES FER ACRE IN 1932 ON THE ACREAGE WORKED IN 193} i)
sas Ga sea oe ~T HH}
cre after Eradication eae |
inerme |R, lecustre |R, viscOsissimum All Species | ii
Feet Feet | 4
Live Live Live Live | —
Bushes; Stem
Drainage Area
Bar, Larson
North Fork | and Unnamed |
of the Tributaries
Clearwater | Sneak and
River |Sheen Creeks
Totals Rosebud
Creek and
Tributaries
Orofino
Orogrande
Creek
Sewmill Creek
| Tumble Creek
Washington S it
Creek i ili
Washington, if
| and Unnamed ay
Tributaries |
Seay ype s a 43_| oN Ny] 43 | 160 an
Open Mp 93 | 25 392 27 485 | |i}
Halfway Creek eee __ | 3 43 | 59 62 HH
tream 1,0 10 [1,000 | sid 190 J1 000 | Hh
| pen Mature 5 164.|_ 5A 39 729 | iy
} | Neitas |Bighorn Creek [Brugh rio! w 2 Sis Baa 14 | 77 1,077 80 11,20 Hj
Creek Stream 1.0! 37 | 350 33 [3,165 [90 [3,515 | |]
Doris end pen Meture ¢) 1 tA 1 96 | 111 i! i}
| fleitas Creeks [Brush | 2,0 N i 2 16 | 92 94 11,299 | I
tream 2.9 | 13. | 757 | 150 |36,442| 4 [176 7,332 | |W
i A pes 5 3 iH) °
Oven Pole —
pen Mature
Camp Creek Dense Mature
| | Lolo Brush a
Creek Sub-Alpine _
tream
; Dutchman and pen Reproduction
Black Creek tream
Open Reproduction
| Open Pole
| Open Mature
|All Areas enge Mature
prush
Sub-Alpine
Stream
| annu2l Resort 1932 |
| EB. L. Joy il
\
y N- Neclteible or less than 0.5, Checkers included variations in types not recognized in Ribes eradication records,
t
In Table No, 3 the Ribes per acre one year after eradication
are shown, by type, for each area checked, The percentages of the
‘eeréage “instream type, ‘upland types and all types, that fell within
“the 100, 50 and a5 races of soem live stem per ecre classes are shown
“4n Table No. 4... ohh
TABLE WO, 4
ae S. D ACCORDING TO
“oF LIVE STEM AFTER ERADICATION “i 1931
From Tables Wo, 3 and 4 it is evident thet only a very small
portion of the 1931 worked acreage on the Clearweter National Forest
supported less than 50 or even less than 100 feet of live stem per acre
one year after eradication,
Within the area assigned to camp 12, one block consisting of
674 acres, was estimated to have not over 50 feet of Ribes live stem per
acre, -A check of baer area showed the occurrence of Ribes per acre as
follows:
TABLE Ko, 5
RIBES PER ACRE ON CAMP 12 AREA ESTIMATED TO SUPPORT NOT OVER 50 FEET
OF LIVE STEM PER ACRE, 2g PER CENT CHECK
Nw negligible or less than 0,5
‘
i
= tes 2 ee ~ ———— ——_—_—_—~ x dlr ta a A — - -
0
is
L<
plenned tirt th:
that most Of the Kibes ¢
li et
ehows the average Hibes ebundence over
hy
i
ns
Teage,
acr
a aan
re
ee
Aq paxivu axe UO FAB TPere BeqTy Jo SepiupuMog “4S8ealog§ [VUCTIBN eof “4g ‘esaupeIp Heeig dooT oyy uo uYtou FuTHOoT “LTV eel qtodey penucy
ONG
OE
otf
ee
i a ae OO OT] ol
“y
me.
Ine i oa NGoL
be
vf
} NObL
~ 4+ ~— --— =
| rt
4
ie
J
ees a3 i NLvL
Jepeid, Oy
RGookok i
| ina
| MICS MZ2E 4 MELA 354 ata | 38
I |
Z€61 AINO 3dAL WV3YLS ae ee
}— — — ars a IvosS ae i a aaa - :
a eaimene [—] | NVIGQIYAW 3SIOg |
V3YV TOYLNOD IsNYy ¥aisine | OHVQAdI |
aN 3937 ‘
| 1S3YO3 TVNOILVN JOP LS |
! ay (ye tha OTT ol
trail’ ce sak GANLON. om aus 88 JOR: waviowaL # fonupt
een werd e205 Waves aaernstoe duniot VoFenter.
r ” en “he ercces Davision of Blister Bust Control,
Lae everioe Sor eonetkePablerton, Junior Forester
Forest Service
Ribes a Tp for the sontrel. of white pine blister rust on
the’ St. Joe Mational Forest: was started during 1°32. This work was carried
on by the Forest Service and Division of Blister Hust Control, as part of
an intensive program: to protect our commercial white pine from blister rust.
Work. in 1932. was confined to selected. portions of the Big Oreex,
Slate Creek, Little Worth Fork of the St. Joe River ané Loop Creek drainage.
All these drainages are loeated in the northern part of the St. Joe Forest
and the Little North Fork of 8t. Joe River and Loop Greek drainszges join
the Idaho-Montans boundary on’ the east. A map accompanying this pig sary
Zives. the’ rade: ‘location and extent of all areas worked.
A large part of the area has been burned over several times.
Those ‘areas burned once had.a heavy growth of brush and Ribes. The areas
burned over more than once, especially in the Slate Greek drainage, were
fairly free from aay concentration of either brush or Nibes.
a The majority of the white pine area worked has been planisd ..
during the. Jast.eighteen years. There has been a fair return of natural
white pine reproduction in the areas protected along Loop Greek, the .
locality surrounding . a; saa Greek protected area has a heavy otend of:
young sas ay pine. .
sites Iesuaice oni, Re. at scpnigaisnin were. distributed over the
entire sone BR. Anerme was found in the stream type along the Little
North Fork of the St. Joe River and the Middle Karis of Big Creeks: «4
R. petiolare was found in the stream type of working units 16 and 1s: mA,
toa en extent in the stream type of working units 14 and 15.
wale” % forest ‘officer of theSt. doe National. Forest was in charge of
the project. His Fesponsibility and duties were mainly those pertaining
to organization and maintcnance of camps. A project leader from the
Division of Blister Bust Control, ‘whose responsibility and duties pertained
chiefly to technical supervision of the work in the fisld, worked in
cooperation with the forest officer in charge. he four unit supervisors
and nine of the thirteen camp bosses were temporary men having previous
experience with the Division of Blister Rust Control. The four temporary
bam
Cad
ee
camp bosses not having previous Ribes eradication experience were former
trail crew foramen’ on the St. Joc Forest with years of experience handling
men. The 13 camps had an average of 25 men per camp and these temporary
men were fairly satisfactory. ‘The men with former eradication experience
and men who worked for the Forest Service in previous years were above
the — ot ree guar ypeaaer effort.
é
2. tradi. .. usm oy BXPANDITURRS.
Laat halt fiscal hoy) 1932;
A. Forest Service ddintor: i Pasar 9° re $27,536. B
B. Division of Blister Rust Control. venpeinneemere span aes 29801. 26
ial aly th OY ON Te Ee A EE A a, | Dee $29 ,913. 56
¥ornt Mar Aehhges ak Gr aoe
A. Forest. Service blister rust approoriation............. $66,090. 46
B. Division of Blister Rust Control AEDT EEE AEL HD wt tt 6 cee he Chie BB
a Sis Tae Pea eee $72,454, 74
Total, both f#4scal years.. oxida “ A a Mes heel . i Pik shin. «. carn, . 91024363, 29
II. Messifiad Expenditures. Splondar year 10.22%
A. satested). POPPER: Pn ee Oe. $10,103.12
B. Wages, temporary one Wy cues ya asian an ee ” ere 57,787. 76
Cc. Travel and agicaatide., seoteeewnwe’ teed Bho wma cw ene 4,243.05
DB. Subeletemes supplies. . 6.5. ccc eet eee eda igh die wnebing - 18,733.
S, Sipplies and equipment - , a? GG
1, Camp eq™uipment......... serene -«- 4,674.12
““@ Rental of equipment... . . 6-5-0... - 1,495.00
S$. Other supplies... ............-, iii wowed
SAE Ae aD eS IE oe RB Se #12 esi aCe Tu es sod 11,499.77
vi dagleptutad2 eo
1. Direct project saverviston.. . $9,371. 75
EBS Chedking }3) 2.00% PE steecaee. a ioe
«? Overhead: service of supplies.... 1,014.54
3 Overhead office work. ..::.s0.0.._ 2 999, 32
_ Potal. wees sen w ne ees wens Bn ee es 912,608, , | ee $12,603.12
4 ae
Rew arta ¢ a
186:
tsmrtot otvw somekicox® soltsolhaie sedis exobvexg anivead Jon seazod quao
saifheesd soaeltsone to ateaeg tifw sgaetol vot .e8 off no nesexet wetm [rex
yretogmes exedi ore ose gay vem GS Be exeteves me Sad somes SL ed? sea
esnefraqcxe nelisolheto tenmie% ative cem oct syvotoeiekies yitial etree com
avede Sew EIHSY wae. at aolvrs® Jest t eft tot beatrow odw aém baw
srotts see Shaekoenes Tor egateva odd
Gane Lees 1. Tie Ae
saben tage-ene. ad asc toca aa
ERLE tase Laon? "hfe! Sunil :
OS 656, 1Se..... -...- 2. of tabegqotode teot gedelhid eolvtet taetoT .A
BS SES... mebistagoscs Lorsaod sent asteh i to no ka kv bd .€
8.5 [8,9 3... . . ae bee eee A teen ee 6 bah ek hee ae ON Be rere ow tatet
abe aay fanatt Subasl fait,
Gi ORG. OSH eS on 0 BE QE IOC wee Fees be-ahnegrid seme tevre? wT
iS PMS 3 _. “uettetaneveqe toueets deo! tetellh to! spietw ht oa:
ar larg > sb i
eY oe , 0s Meee a0 la, se 2 - Ka ie, ROR ATS hate Pine sreiursl pail orale areas » BIOS
WE BOE BOLE 2 a ies ocd ale Side a ATW al a Savalkt tod ieaatducinit
i be rernath at
ROT ten opebiose fe ‘ioe foe
BY BOCES Se eS A ES AS OBS OS ODES ie MapTa® oA
VSPA oy (Pig CHa ane eae geet ton an Oger Aaa oe ‘Seat Gratoemesy , eager .
G0 Eee at ppah aha Tete daveceett 1... ito Bde) tongheed bee Levert
<r Be EE ye, SOR fogere saae Fe Tdi:
-~ seemekampeo Bien aot fqqne “yf
eT. rr tonhios qa of
U7 GBP TS ess Smee “ty Egat et ed
‘ o — ee eet ened , ek Lepore ‘some ae
te
>
aie &
—
ST..00%, [8 0 os.
G8 £96. a80L%
sadnen udivites ITs
oe ~ HOketwers gare | oA
Ov Ave Oe... hela ree as sabora seaet of,
m3 lO : | Bet faque ‘35 a9 ivsve aniteeon A
pigs le ine oe eS see eoltto heetasy 2
SL .£03,.8f9 ...-...82,808,81¢,.... pts Crees eet ne EPR
gor.
ree TE Rao MOTE SON de > ae ea OO ee
Brought forward. A SvaiiieMh hits vacua oo + bn esa
i oP L2,608.12
B. travelianat--+ss--0:- ES RA aR eS were , 4238
C. Transportation -. t ;
1. Freight and express................ $612, 81
RM Oo io x ove od ban ees wih ah %. 6" 924,71
S, Bas invaded toes sk ais aa ce + ine orm te Aen GE cL?
venga oe ow eee . SSR LO eee Reve eve eo 3,524, 14. et eyee «ks 8824.14
Dd. Bantpaent an i ie
1l., Rental. and depreciation of equipment :
» Be Depreciated camp. equipment..§2,236. 4
b. Depreciated chemical equip-
; ment... eee CUP ae # 8 eyes 6 oe ee oe 12,88 ao
@ Rentals (Spokane mprenonse) ‘i
WE evga eae ea ks Conk + $3.83. 37....... 3,834. 37
z. Silt ho supplies. =... > ‘23 .
he Ghenicels. «e oa @eeeveo Rs di asi ee Me ae a -$3_863..20 sth 5
eR er rey FE a ee 0 eee 35. 40
Be Twine. ee ae a __._.£60. 01
’ ; Total. be swe CP POD Re eee eee wee ef ar ie + $2,873.66. + gee 2,973. 66
¥. Camps Se ee nian ae i : |
Be UR es aks ks 4S ed ee Wee oe $1,983.12
2. Trail construction... ee SFP = irae 268. ai
3. Telephone. commmnication...... villa suid hited Pi
SOURS én oe ARS ar ie ncdhesad eee ne bik 419.83. ...... 2,319, 38
G. Hand eradication bidkaibtin y Baedask,- geome sek eoepeniineene Oto nt AS
Ae Chemfesl "eredieation. _ si igs ma bt i Da ee oe aes hades 4,917. &
c. " Preeradieation,. fall RR vbencanisi.« « Cdgias inns <inertnniong.<! iRe le
Prageme kata; PRG Canith eaneineecey> oe eee seinen eet thins ats
Subai stone: rn é Sided clcheics Akaclak te
Subsistence per man fein sale eh biG gainer Ne .908
Chemical supplies used 1932 -
Be Ghemical COM iiews sys - Pepe, vty vis 4,363.25
b. Chemical transportetion......... 321. 84
RCA Gh k cae s'S's 5 alah us Oe 0.0 db we vee BB. 40
bes a on Sar ar ee ea ne oe ie ee $2,720, 40
Maintenance, wages: oak repaife to Cmtipecnt
'. (rt@-be charged to 1933 blister rust
project. had |
Be Pied uWilaitbies euek. cout cor, $182. 62
b. Zradication er pepe w iow ae da 94
NL a cui de eka s Ne oo wie a ieeaea te $213. 56
Supplies on hand for 1933 season:
a. Chemical (at Avery, Idaho)........ Le cis $1,058. 5
b. Equipment (residual value)....... sarin vy, On 794, 5B
e. fwine...... BUS hinhs br ba Vids 6 ftw EE Bee b Ae 70.22
ip: Total. fats’ Sts’ Hottest tage ote a a a ee wee «45924.07
evel ‘ei a) ara cic Toa 2. Wee
‘%. Suporviston
1. Direct project supervision includes salarics of Fullerton,
_ Guernsey, unit supervisors and camp bosses for time engazed
Chow Wie Seatve field work.
"'R.Dvethesa service of supplies includes salaries of mon engaged
at warehouses: in Avery and Calder, Idaho. ;
S- Overhead office work includes contiributed time, Fullerton’s
~ end’ Snernsey's salaries. end a portion of stenographer's time.
adie “~~ Tnelu@es expense accounts of Fullerton and Guernsey and
Operating costs of bliater rust Ford used.om project.
GO. Transportation.- dibs :,
4, Frefeht and express includes cost of transporting by rail all
~ “e@uipment, food supplies, chemieal ani other supplies for the
“project. a if CRE.
& Track Transportation by truek includes rental of Chevrolet
“"traak, @river hire, gas end 94] and 2 snall smount for parts.
& Pack; Fores? Service rental of remount etring, salaries of
“packers, bleckemith, forage, shoes and gontribated meclkinz
time paid for, are all included in this item.
Dd. Eoat nent < Se aed 2 yj : ¢ :
1. Deprecigted camp equipment. This figure includes 1/2 of the
$1,357.00 Beaverhead equipment (which has been partly depr«-
_ elated), 1/3 of the $4,674.12 new equipment, and $112.83 or
“Lf? *sost of ch eal equipment rcoeeived from Clearwater
“Bational Forest.
Rental of equipment ficure is total paid for equipment rented
from Spokane warchouse.
E. Chemicals -
These items are the costs of the amounts used on the job.
¥. Camps - ;
1. Camps: Prorated wages and subsistence on an effeetive man day
basis for cutting wood, and setting up and taking down camps.
138
ynoaaee SS0L got baad no eeklqgs’
08 .880,18. ...>-(ode5I .¢revA $e) Leskmedd oa
BS BOVE coc. cceeeese ss (ulav Lauhteet) tramgkopt 16°"
BROT ee jane . Gabe?
WO AGO. AS... .. |
‘
Gio! ssteod wtivktoa to mokiasalgqa® °”
«= gobsivregn® of.
sedzalfiu® te asttaiae sehrlont wofetvieque faetoiq vostkG ot
hoteenh amid Tol seeaed qian One etosivtecire dingy ,eaaeten —
sow blokt eviies at
feysgne sem Yo veftelsa esbufont tellqque to ssivres Sagttevo i$
eeY ,tebiad fee grevé mh acetodeter 3a
atsoguntin® ,ewit Sagodixindo aekerlond drow ooltte basdasv) od
amie eizsdestaocets te no hitog & Das tolcates at yoentoy® bis
Sas, veers) Bon godtelfel Yo atmreone omega sobs leony:
_awmaketa so bess Brot gant wotalld Yo stacs waiiatage
«~ motisttéqedar® .9
ff~ Sher yd yatsroweaese Wo’ goon anbefont seetgne See detest of
eg? sot selfeque totic oxo Inohsode ,2etiqgse Book » Suse keroe
| .tostomg?
gefowedk® Yo fataak acholon? sosesd qd soitattocetert © gxientt
atta. tot dagoms Clog oe ote {to feo ecg .otkd torieh . aosss
%, sobtavan ,seiuée tawomet to [odmet so feted teetot s898%
sntasex betjudtagaos bos esos ,enevet ,ddinedioalé )ereieaey
wedt gidt cf hebwinet Lio osm atel blag emi
. ) oo Peseoamce Ramee
ads %9 S\L eooeien? ewett eta .dmomgived quae hota tavmced .£
~stqeb Yliceq sped uml Sofdw) seem sope Soeulyey oe OVE fe °°:
0 BO.0L1% Bes .dnemgtges wer S1.EVS.34 ant Xo BAL . (hodake
vajeeiaels merry Seytovi« daemyplape Soo keerls te Seon RYE
aeetet Lem ttat
Sesnot dromytmpe oY Sing lates at cmmylt daomeyties to Eedeel
‘" Sepotontay area aOR
; diag afte frat?
Jot, odd mo boss ainwoma ost To sdacd ett ete amoth seonlt
si Si PRR « etated
gab nas ovitooTts as go epmatelodse drs aopew begetosd seques st
eqrse awob mittzad Dete erie yoliger bas .boow ash ag an yeY eben
Lipa hs
BEE
. , I "| | Ai ¢
EE re | Trails? Bane) paste as above for gutting new t#odla ond maine
a ga | taining established traile in passable condition. |
) & Teleunones | She basis as above for strimeing em: orgeney line
es auth mepsing aap. Pe ee and maintenance of same,
aba BS
wb Be
e| , tei vennp ape MM
= _| Proratign| of _
| , a ies teal a hob tobueb labor but no trens porta
| | Hom costs 4 are arosten in: bhe| | sabqi Renge total.
Ey
al Sak LG PU a Ce -it-4
: Hhenepehcuedle ¢ oats | ate nat equal Bree actnal expenditurce |
aay ry td aviated. ee Bayear bi ie. Ghere was ao
meow reine ted chem Taek” bukanne and a towel amg ab ve pheetpols
alia wai not all used. al ty
5 3 isl nen eee lela RE of ola lal o| Td | i i | ig
1" cnteneat. a? ide_somoat bk hates
+ | telly poe, Se arewkae JPL Bl ¢SIH wie Cale aes 499, 775. 79
et | - Manas. east chemical - roi masas opeirs, dost. and.
S| i a ‘Tronsgortetton of chemical. ale pie deme eeree + Beal, AO
af aes ae | : i $97 055, 20
4 | § gai |
a) ae Hana etl ine ¢cost per man day $97,055.20 - $5.1946
ay fd} ae | fy 15, 652.9
| "i - Ghentent ‘end spraying equipment cost 12,720.49 = #3.1879
} 1,260.7
| ae * inet, cost: per. chemical ceeptie day.
= x me. oF Ribas. 8 ARADICATION OPERATIONS
slg ctl shoe aredication operations + are ° pronented in
the seh obi! he +h j
EEE ERE !
| wee ij : a
| rit me
Ji die H
i Howl AS 1) cal
= se c= SS OS Fz
eaioe sad ge°sg Jo 4S0d B@ 4e UOoSBaS fasuszany *9 *
Vv ue
ysel Sty. Sutanp payoayoud saroe 926‘'6e2 JO [8404 B SAATS STUL °IeTJ SaqTY punoy 2e61 yaoday prenuuy
pue sdZeaxoayo pue sassoq dumo fq pasaza00 ATT BOTZeWayst{s arom yeyR UCTYONPpoOAdssz uado
Jo Satde FIN‘O [BUOTYIDpe ue payoayord yotum smaro £q patza0d sarde ZOg8‘SS adam aiayy,
*sTeqoy “Ut
9QuO ATUC papnN TOUT sie spoyysw Tedtwayo pue pusy uzyOq fq paytom adfy urwearys uy satoy «
Lets J é6t ee ee W298" Ob | 4B0"26L"e [SES "BEL*T] 6°89 HTL LOTEE| Si
es | [ees"sso'r [cee [ecreoy eestor | so0'ste | tee"aee [erases [Sore | SS0MT esrts Tv
ere [Re - = : re io eae Be | Rene ES | z*ose*t | ebt't | «(teotmodg) meerys
ZU" "36870 eee EO neg tess eof ees"oe | soovete [tes *scz | e*seo'm | See's | pued) weer3s|s3 tun |
ors pert se erent eerreee er | eee foes tore] eco Ves _¢ [eee 680'T] 0-00r ei] cer oe | sedk puerch Try] ud
ere | | ore | 08” ab" tee"
Leo | __lecht | uae] vcr cor Jete’ea
33°T [2 | 98° [90°60 906 “Oe Ss eae 296°9T B0e"S Wotyoupoidey esuad
FC °SS SZT e woTyoUpordey wedo
[6S ~ | st Chr cZO'T sedaL tty]
erat TC CSS |
sera, | OE TCT SUT [egrete es | SST eT Z |
TCL SS | Oe —festusevs CCST OEE at
gee [| «| ast | so ~—*(Sevevevet | «| «906 OSL Z
ee ee ee
os [aot [esr feevees yg | eeer tee |
mr [st ete [ o8* fte*ece*6e$ | aay | 2*e36'S | 9TS"9 | soday tw]
seve | CT ee | oot foortoa'tt [| ——«[|:« Ses T¥h |
ava, | te CT Cd eT ~‘ifot bors ‘[ BotTST| =
wee TP eet | SO" itevctoet | | ets Oh gt |
Leas eT See fsereset eer | =
[seve et [es fserort TC 06S
[see [eet [vs- _[torsesst [| 2ea0se
So *28 OA AN Ts LL de
sore | [| ost [ 6o* fes*coovs [| | szo‘set | peer] [ sedAy weesyS Tiv]
rh) oT | iy ee? verse oes e(THOTWSYO) WesITS
Le°e Post [so foesore
ee [| oul mw jsoeceet | | St
0672 Tost [os* [retareve [I [eT soe"sot J
“ey | Ci i Cparsst | SC*dTC = Over’ te
iets sks oe lap-coy ols | —«|:‘Oad BES ois fet 96e Zetcos _—*|6aL of T
rT eoss [| toe | 26° [St’uptecs | | «stSeesh't | ses"t [oats | pastte | Sos"see"l [oda ete oes er ey seer TM
eo°o_ TC SPT eert = [4ove90"S Ts SOE CET e6s_{vee's [| 69S"St | Oea'STt [6Sz™¥s
GRE A 2 ans wee ix
OcB SIT
$86 *eTt'l
ees [| Se POT feerseey Tf eereet [eee free"s |
[+p ese [ a6* [e008 Fe
[sé eee | OL [ecvee'b el a Le
[____—‘{ ose [ Te 6e 108 619 6ap | 6*t1ee | B0e'r | a cor
i | ea ere
feids saqtg}sfkeq uen]4s09 TezoOy feads |seqtW eyo, Jumnzyszit | awisut | aretorzad |ummtsstsoosta] arzsnoet| shaq ua °ON
suo{ [Bg suo{yTeo “a “a “a sal yrun
oa Stseq 2i0y Jed Petind seqty jo Jequnn Sut
ALON
LSauyOd TWNOILVYN GOP “LS NO NOILYOIGVHA SHAY IWILINT
T “ON ATaVL
i ~ =. —— -——1 §—.—_—_-4 aa a ee — > ie te i le CEH
A — — ee er oe eee
== = = = — a —— = = ree
—-— a ee See ee ee
~ EEE SLES 2 oe Se Se = ~
Joe National Forest in 1916, Ribes eradication performed
°
St
Pinug monticola planted in Allen Creek drainage,
in 1932,
W. 1087,
Ribes eradication performed in
St. Joe National Forest in 1916,
Pinus ponticola planted in Cedar Creek drainage,
1932,
W. 1088,
G. Guernsey
Annual Report 1932
METHODS AND ByVEPWENT
Three men working in line was the general crew method used.
2 and 4-man crews were used during trainine periods. It is necessary
to use « lerser sized crew in training men when a Limited mmber of
experienced men are available.
"he S-man spray crew was used tn chemical work. These men
used hand pump spray outfits, spraying 10 per cent sodium chlorate solu-
tion (.9 lbs. sodium chlorate per gallon of water).
eg ccna was made of all areas worked. ‘This work was carried
's arate project, which gave detailed. information to the eradica~
aie vaoyeet: when any area needed reworking. bigs
4 —aeecueeene A ee
i “All arees on whe Ribes eradication was planned were paataains
worked Elaceat for part of the Loop Creek saree where Ribes were removed
from stream type only. It is planned to complete the work on this area
to assure protection.
RECOMMENDAL TONS
It will be necessary to make a check in 1925 of stream type
areas sprayed with chemicals. There were parts sprayed late in the season
that may need some respraying. Z
& periodic inspection or systematic check should be made on all
areas worked to determine the extent of survival of Bibes. This is
essential in order to plan any reeradication work that may be necessary.
142
Bsa ey
> 2 be
> bi
ryt
=
tag
;
a
eyo) ¥
ee
a 6 Ss
bd a .
€ :
mm & -
=i
<> a ci 4
tre tO #3
. ‘ " fa
wt o y fom + 4 §
a ae &
hn ee
CS X er Oo) eo
¥ -
- S th
ted > ? ~ . 3
,; = * é
=. 2% es
. ?
et
7
- F E
. a
Ry
ties “
ae ; » i p
4 ‘ 3}
“ ind
‘ ak x
‘
ae
. ” =
es
s
“2
>
4
ee ee ee
SNC ANTER aiBas BBADICAS ATION, Sf, Jue) AAS EMA FOURS ST
or} Tape Check Bushes|Live tem? Ry hl. doy
lOpen Reproduction | 2.0 | ae Forester
Le ng: Rives ravetfenttis enk-beed dent en: the Bk. Few Haticual
Fore vitirevlade 40-1932, Because of this fact no areas on this unit
“were. aVOLIaRE® ‘for, srecking until suby a6. goes this date and
SSS SSS See
TABLE NO, 1
RIBES PiR ACRE AFTSR ERADICATION
Sor, o.oo a re ee ee ee
H | Se ee Ribes Per Acre After Bradicatiop 9. 9
| R,_petiolare _|____R. inerme _| __R._lacustre _|R. viscosissiz _R. ipriguum |” 11 specie
| Camp Per Cont | Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet
| Numb er Type Check /|Bushes|Live Stem|Bushes|Live Stem ia cia Stem|Bushes|Live Stem|Bushes|Live Stem|Bushes|Live Stem
ee == = a ee ee ee a a ———— === = =
Se. eee
aR
—- =
nese
Sai
Open Re pro eT rod
tre
Open Reprod lo
Open Re dv ion
Open Pole
| 8 [Brush
| ream _
; ! 'ypes 2.4
| ‘Ope n Reproduction 2.0
Brush 2.0
9 ream 2,0
Open Reproduction
| 10 |Meadow pease eee *
tream _**_ ee
___{ai1 typ g 2:
ripe Stream
p_ Reproduction.
5°) 2 ee eee eee Bete
12
tee ee en EE
tream ________ ~- 3-6
[$10 Types.) eB
| Reproduction | 2,2 _
| je Reproduction| __ 2.0
LPole = 22 2,0
| muenie ee jo 2a
| N - Negligible or less than 0.5.
* - Reworked but not rechecked.
** _ Apparently poor chemical.
Checkers include variations in types not recofnized in Ribes eradication records.
j Annual Report 1932
E. L. Joy
From Table No, 1 the pereantages of acreage in stream type,
upland types and all types that supported not over 100, 50 and 25 feet of
Ribes live stem por acre were commuted. ‘those results are shown in
fable No. 2.
TABLE #2
povesinosath stor net
AGRES GROUPED ACCORDING buh ene t OF LIVE STEM ATER
bruala From ‘ebte We. 2av4 te det dioage halt: a wary cane pak ‘of Boeh
the: igtredn type and woland tyes had not to oxeeed 50 feet of live stem
per sore, Itdsubeo shown that sliehtly lese than 3/4the of the total
acreage wes within the 25-fect limit. These results indicate the oossi-
bility of raising the protection standard by lowering the allowable
amount of live stem per acre after sradication to 25 feet.
Station. “ Gheakine: vost comutattons: for this unit era ag: follows ts
Zor) ovat és. adie! Migan, Bian, ich Pepe
eorkee by Aves reported im eradication report 29,926 acres -
Tt was 6 aE eat wet 4 sere ‘for gered 1222,.5) . “90, 041 aT
WALCH wy i tr Nigra
fim suopert for Fue Baildon r. mabey > Ge
f’ sont we stumps whic: ter od tae
M ae
day %
mW 4
ee
“>
4 3 . et 4%
i 3 3 rs
tS" bg 7} : 2 |
> ; ce a é ,
~ 4 ;
gt «iQ -
7 + t
fy te
; A '
ba 4 4 ’
. ~
© »
oes
y ¢
=
?
: i
t
bs
‘ ‘;
ae
— =
FS a a ee
SSS SESS SSS =
~ ~~ ————— ———————
= = queqicsanin ee
= ee
ini ae =
= Swe
pe gg ee en
OREO LANAI LORE A ET tt tht tetas
eee RL
SN CE reese
RIBES ZRADICATION WITH BULLDOZER
~ GORUR D'ALENE NATIONAL FOREST Rest
by
John FF, Breakey
Agent j
>f
INTRODUCTION a
In addition to the mlldozer operation near elarkis, Idaho ,
a late season operation during October end November wos weerried on
near the Homysuckle Ranger teal on tte: ‘Coeur a'élene National
Forq 8} «- le une iee Co a aeeint Service and
st Contro
eee ——= a
SS
—_——————
—
——, ae
This w i ; ote. the peginking of a wvitaukie program
for destroying Aeavy conceatrations of Rites, principally R. inerne,
: oil the Little North Pork ef theCoour d'Alene River.
brush on areas. Rear the Hot yonck le Waneer Station by means of tractor
equipment. Since this method\of Ribes eradication is in its initial
stages of de wlopue hb the work was varied somewhat framthe way it was
conducted at Clarkia for) the purpose of finding better methods,
of
// wescaxeti0N OF AREAS
In 192% and 1928, Ribes eradication work was performed on the
Coekr-ttAlene Nationél Forest in the vicinity of Honeysuckle Ranger
Station, iy oat of the heavy coneentrations of R. inerme end the
as on certain wide flat bottoms along the the Little
heavy brush} conti tions
North Fork-6f ¢ ir M'Alene River, which could not be satisfactorily
work@ee bY Kant /fmlling methods, the @reas were left for future working, .
It was GnSthes# areas that the bulldozer was used. The perticular area
which was aq a/ large “per ceatage of slid ground which provided
firm support the bulldozer. Beaver-dims were imerous, The valley
floor contai apd ma 3 stumps wach increased the difficulty of working.
Se
avi the dns: left a the Rives evadicatien crews ag well as
the area worked tn-the fall of 1932, are! Monuaies adjacent to fine stands
of whife pin, =| =), STANDING” TREES
\\ —— ee ARING BOUNDARY
SiON OF BLISTER RUST CONTROL
MAP BY - JOHN F BREAKEY
NI DECEMBER |, 1932
’ - SNE Aa a EO PEE I aR ie
‘
i
BULEDOZER BRUSH REMOVAL
BLISTER RUST CONTROL
COEUR D' ALENE NATIONAL FOREST
932
SCALE
2 4 CHAINS
SS——,_—
| ie
' Pie,
cil im
0 ee aan Ba
aL ie !
75 Oye )
- ? LTR AWS
. 2 o>
ta \
¢
4 i S fo)
al KY
es os
IS. S
| » Oo
SF ihe
‘
aN
b,
oO
HONEYSUCKLE
R. S.
LEGEND
G> PILED BRUSH
00 STANDING TREES
—~ CLEARING BOUNDARY
DIVISION OF BLISTER RUST CONTROL
MAP BY - JOHN F BREAKEY
DECEMBER |, 1932
ANNUAL REPORT 1932
JOHN F BREAKEY
aN fi net ine Sexe 28 art, eee 084, 9 roe
Lopplan “ty Qostiétruc Gbauet Uaht Spied’ with an ee ee balldoger and
special ae ae es oy The construction of this SEE is
fully des ie fare port. "D. pment of kibeg Eradication #qvipiént”.
iZ if “written, by Johison, Ta" eadi~ .
e.
fostiot t 3/4" : ble was used in paji ing “the
cared two ‘a 0 at 3/4" wire Gibles were used
a ‘ané logs, fe at ,
The method employed neeessitated two definite operations:
NA Gee” ay yee > Bs ot mah ares aa Daye pas
vit ve s Prepariz fig “the Bred | for” york ‘bythe | batidorer: +t ibs TT ot
108. i » gids apvlad a eihe tia" er agt6 10% “pitt aieay, * .
fhe first operation ékiled. forse preliminary survey of the ground
in order to plan the work, A sketch was made to show the limits of the
area to be worked, the location of the etreans, swamps, beaver dams,
standing trees, down logs, and all features of topography which would
interfere withthe progress of the -walldoser,. From tais survey it was
determined what beaver dams had to cage. out anc what land had to be
drained, the snags and-irees” “to. be felled andthe Loge. ‘40 te moved, ‘The
best lecation. LO¥. ng ee ana Windrows: facia: Slso datdinhined,
# : EIS Yes 2
Sab On. the. hala. of. is Se the. prepinitiory snillé, Basaty tan mostly
hand | labor, ‘was°done, | san xp
tae) _ Aa, a Fe j ] Ae ; 40 :
AS it Sag érew: of. five. men, ‘Beisel. with. axes,. gamai ouddgas, stumping ||
powder; ‘te, téckout.the necessafy beaver..dams, stumps and other obstacles, |i
On the area@s‘where the brush wag. to be subsequently stecced with the Hil
bulldozer, this crew slashed and piled the brush im windrows, This step
in théwork wasotoveliminate the mess \of green? Brugh undef the brush piles
which(wouldcinterfere with burad ; ‘Where possible the snags and trees
(cottonwood ang white fir in most eneen which had to come down were felled |
on theSe windrows)« fhose which:could not bacdropeed directly onea windrow
were cut into sectians ‘and«moved by hand or horses to the preliaimery
wincrows. When necessary the same was done to the down logs already on the
area, One purpose of the prelimiiiary windrow construction ws to provide
air space and fuel under the brush piles to be ~ageirbaeeion made “7 the
polldoseri% 42 planned to torn the broek piles ox a are
geod 3% with ernes Fer the commlate smppreseion af fy
will tw donkfeer? ‘the: caubeabies seh Pada tbs done ts, ere teh bans for the
balldozer, the trush was removed and pushed into the windrows by machine.
The operation of the machine on the ground is explained in the report
previously mentioned,
148°
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ri QA
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: ; > Fn fs
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tan. reeearad: to fagurs me hs Gith the. bab baee
Lei pat wae ‘Pinar “efean“up ‘to cds tHe piles more* “eeageict ‘wes done by
“tipi ‘bruait ‘witch projected From: the winarows, 1°
Page 4 ue Say r SePushi be mace is % ‘
by the ol Oeeedtion 7: ea ties Ses ei sap tis Che due ‘aFee showing | the
es AN ‘Se “the-winidréwe ‘of brusW. ° The “eystem Gf placing ‘the piles
ear sincere gtr Pym ge ‘a better “Fire end ‘of Clearing the ‘orish ‘away
Joint Slopes tomaie’ torning ‘Iets Yn sehedonte
ae teviatiine: ray tn od used af Clarice’, Tdmie, (88 ay
PLM CALLS. -
; ss we ERSULTS
Ctvieusiy this type of ro dk BR) C2peawh we. ragcrd boss
“ih Gheteat ates Oa the: ae nt wine mag, ‘x0 ates Waite woried’ ap ‘the
RA ge ie, No babiing ‘wad done in the f#1) of
dition Peres re ared. ‘for working by the walldozer:
eonsit ae at a ets 1) limi ante Gar. 2; DO? Ks
3 Beis tad ft
Soom oki: uy. jronted ay head pul sige ogg hog.
SPATRNERT OF COSTS
* No general acreage cost can be given because only 10 of the
22 acres had both the preparatory and traeter work completed,
CONCLUSION
It is planned to tmrn the brush piles on this area and to
‘seed it with grass for the complete suppression of R, inerme. This
will te done at the most satisfactory time during the 1922 season.
149
- |. In regard: to future operations with the bulldozer, it is
anticipated that improvements cam be made on the machine itself which
will reduce the costs of removing. brush. It is also possible that
reductions can be made in the costs, of preparing the ground for working
by the tmlldozer. a considering the.entire method involved in the
suppression of R. me including the preparatory work, the bulldozer
work, the burning = the seeding, & more complete understending of all
the problems and all the factors influencing costs will make it possible
to perform the work.on each individual erea more satisfactorily and
'. ‘Obviously this type of work will be expensive regardless of
nefinenens % or improvements.which may later be made, Hence, in planning
work on any stream type area having KR. inerme, it is extremely important
that ‘the foremen. of a trector unit have. tue ability to. size up areas under
consideration and to eliminate any sizeable. ner! ice can be most
economically treated by band pulling methods... ._, we
* mn ws 4 ee ao hy py, pce eae ws 38 —— A ¥ a . nf
& i ee is path Roe M, a ee SS RE €3 Set 43 Z
err ee ae ee
eeREo* Pi
the, GPa Coat
cee Fy
Mt
ON
=
et gi .texobifsd edt diiw exolttatego strtet of StsgeT al
goide tleatk sntdosm edt ao ehsm.ed geo. sizemevotgmt.3 act, Sodaqtolias
¢ecd$ oldteeog cele at $1. dep 2aatvemet to. atago. add. somber [liw
aaksyow vot Aewots olf sabtaget¢q to edaoo ade af ebem ed neo anolssuber
ei? at Bevfovat horigom etijae oft qaiuebienes al. .tesoblind edt xd
teschifed aig Qtew ytotstagetg ef! potorlont eereul .B To moleseigasre
ila te aatbestatebar eg alqmon. atom A ,nekbese edd daa gatewed edd .wtow
ofdiamog 3k ova Siiw eteoo anftonentis£ auoten? ad? lie baa euoidontg edt
‘9 (liretsAtebiee siom aors lepSividar tome ap Aton, odd mrotisg. of
(lias tmoitoas
to eeelbtsset evisseore sf [ite aiow to sayt eis? ylasoivdd
satciale af ,soseH 9b 0d tetal yam olin adsoreyvotgm:. 10, stsemeatiet
jacttogn! ylawsettéxe ef 22 ,eettenk .ff aclvad sow egyd msetds ya a0, for
tehas eacie qu saie of yiilida edd evad dlar tojoats & to. Ssmetoi edd. Jedi
¢som sd geo dofdw azolivoc aldaweste ys stantatis of S528 aottatebiencs
shodtem gaiding baad yd betastd yLisoimonoss
peat cieaaaewie:
le Net tS RSS SR aL
ee pre
has shania iia «eat OS
REBRADEC YCORUR' D'ALENE WATIOWAL FOREST,
CiOS Wher Cow Oe VaR wi ie ‘By:
the Gontues oF She Tiel’ wogy- Cc, strong
Associate Forester
PURPOSE
Biicter Whe preeradication’ survey m the Cocur d'Alene National Forest
conducted durinz tho fall of 1932, was made for the following purposes:
tie éhda To ‘determine the Yoeation, quality and mumerieal abundance of
white pine on the area surveyed, © ri s
2. o determine what portions of this area had the requisite amount
of white pine wesent to constitute white Pine type of sufficient value to
justify protection from blister rust and to map that white pine accordingly.
' € of determine wherever possible the commonly used aze classes
represented or, in the event this wae not possible, £5 determine the
boundaries of four broad classes; namely, Feproduction, pole, mature and
over-taturé and to map accordingly, =
in rhe Be de termine: ths character of stream and upland types as it would
affect cost of tréating, method and administration of work and the location
of control crews in protcating white Pine aréas against blister rust.
2) toe Ordinarily the Division of Blister Rust Control functions only
in securing the information called for under 4 above. However, Region One
forest officials felt that additional information such as called for under
1, 2 and 3 above should be secured to substantiate that information
already available at the Coeur a'alene Forest and the Regional offices.
Regional forest officials suzvested that, if the blister rust survey was
to be made by experienced and thoroughly competent men, both time and
funds: could be’saved by having the Diviston sf Blister Pust Control under~
take the entire program: This was the basis agreed upon.
_ the Divistom of Blister Rust’ Control exercises no authority
whatever iu the selection of arens for treatment. Those areas designated
in this report for protettion were selected by a representative of the
Regional Forest Office after a thorough anslysis of the information secured
through the survey enad*from all other available sources. 7
i Toe uy 4 Tice fy of ts ivi he s /
wit She Before this report was prepared all ficld data were compared with
available data at the Coeur d'Alene Porest office and beth sources of
information were utilized in making fina? determinations,
151
The survey party met with whole-hearted cooperation from the
Coeur d'Alene Forest officials and were accorded full use of the facili-
ties which ¢ou¥a@ be taken advantage ‘of. This was decidedly helpful to
whe ‘conduct hed Dis 2 at work. .
_ md Hate? was re on Sct personne? of the Division of
y Blister Rust Controls all of whom had had extensive experience directing
Ribes eradtestion ‘Operations. © Through ‘this extensive oxperionce these
‘men had ‘gradualty wequired | Sehr Tedge “of ‘the factore affecting cost and
methods of treating so that hey could recognize in ground conditions the
Composite of those factors aud be ‘enabled to Gnterpolate fh terms of man
‘days as tere’ for ‘treating under ‘any condition existing.
‘
iy > Bh
section | 3k Es bea re, 7 “PMR OD UF. wo rad }
AE i» ite season of ve ener aurnid aia ds aiess 3 are in nant leaf is
‘itse seer tine for a survey of thie natiire)’ This period was eliminated,
however, because all the men qualified for the work were necded to direct
the treating crews, Héetice the only choice was to wake the survey during
the fall diutedtn (aly foVlowine the termination of other control operations
which was September 20 to Jctober 28 in this case. The only danger involved
in making a survey @t that season is due to Hibes being partially and in
some locations almost totally defoliated, especially in the latter part of
the period. The result fs that in the absence of éxtreme care the teniency
“ig “to underestimate control costs which fn turn means an underestimation
‘of ‘the men needed ‘to worl: A eevee area in’ a season. :
the sain area surveyed is bounded as follows: The forest boundary
on the e6uth, east and north; Crooked and Lookout ridges and the line
between ranges 1 east and 1 west on the west. Areas excluded were the
MePherson burn of Y9S). and the heavily _—, portions of townships
= ‘and '60 Horth. Panges: T aad 2 east.
eGCULGR, tn ‘addition to the main aren surveyed selected portions of towm-
“ange 48 and 4° north; ratiggs 2 and 3 west and the Hayden Creek drainage
“4n township S2°north, ranges 2°and 3 west were covered. Of the lettor
areas the Cedar and Hayden Creek drainages were covered late in November
rincipally for the pirpose of securing information on white vine valucs.
't was to Yate at that tins to make accurate estimtes on cost of treating
‘but the Information secured on acé classes ond ground cover will probably
eat ‘of ‘elose Sgproxtmations. 519,340 aeres were covered by the survey.
ees . A viene, aut Dvn se , g~
i .* istitn ie fis. te
Fl : $i is
~~ ey
%
ute Edens % ‘e ». a “ Ne
¥ Pee ey 7 ’ PAT CZ,
152
ores te ——
== SS a =
ee es
METHODS OF WORKING
the gonaate leager, guided by available information substantiated
by information secured on advance inspections, wherever desirable to make
them,”assigned exch night a blodk for each man for the following day.
These men that night mapped their respective blocks to a suitable scnte on
field sheets. Up-to-date topozraphic mans served ae the basie informétion
for Construction of field MAPS. .
“In the field 4t was the’ duty of each man to 8° cover his bloek
es to secure accurate information on each of the points enumerated above.
Only general rules for covering blocks were pres¢ribed, 4{t being Teft
tothe judgment of the individual as to the exact manner in which he could
moet effectively work. “Wopoeravhy and ground cover were larvely the
determining factors. Streams, ridges and points of known location such
as section lines, peaks, lookcouts, roads, trails and planting markers
served as maidées 4n determining the recorder's approximate position at all
times. This mothod of determining position is sufficiently accurate for
the purposes: ‘served by. the preeradicatt on survey.
on SeesPorRe general instructions with regard: to white pine type designa~
tot which were followed were:
ipa 1) Retroduet4 on:
Genérally only those areas haying 200 or more white pines por
aere Were classed as white pine. On sites favorable for white pine afcas
having from’ 100-200 thrifty and uniformly distributed white pines. per
acre with little of other ground cover and other reproduction were ¢lassed
as white pine if those areas lay below 4,500 feet in elevation and indica.
tions’ were that a good white pine stand wwld ultimately devel Op.
2. Pole:
The men making the survey were acting under no very specific
instrietions with regard to the minimum Mmuliber of white pinc goles per
acre which constituted white pins type of sufficient value t5 warrant pro-
tection. Fortunately the bulk of pole stands cmld be classified at.a
glance as white pine or non-white pine type. “The djubtful cases were
hand ted" par hak bars ant aS Foto ows: res
Tlgannr 9. Ny "ggqued ¥adibeige Se Sidilite stad the ee t5 which pole
othase mast” "be ‘Subjected between the present and the maturity of the timber,
that there should be ensush trees resent now to promise 10,000 board
feet per acre at maturity. It was estimated that the average tree at
maturity would sale 600 bodrd feet. Wence 20 trees of pole size por acre
would ‘Constitute the minimum for this Classification. Actually the ‘figure
was ‘eet ‘at from 20° to 36 depending om the factors affecting the future
dévelopent of the stand.
iPoi3
o_HOSare mtion « yi das ) z
£ tind. Tate glasaifiestion. includes el] merchantable timber except
ovorsmature. decadent, stands. Generally, the doubtful cases were areas
intermixed with goad. white pine and were in moat cases.not so wide but
that: the; protectiion,zone around the good white pine wuld include the
doubtful areas.. For this, reagon it wags aot cosidered sufficiently
important to warrant the additional expense which wold have. been necessary
+a, make an accurate determination. | )
On isoleted sreas,the determination was left to the judgment of
the, individual making the survey om that block. -The miniomm was considered
as jcaanaaieid not. less then <b to 36 per eent by volume of a fairly wel)
stocked stand,
4, Over-maiure:
This classification includes very old timber in a decadent condi-
tion of which white pine makes up a small percentage of the present stand.
It occupies good white pine site and undoubtedly contained a high ver-
centage of white pine esrlicr which is eredualily drooping out due to old
age, disease and bark beetle attacks. White sine should reoroduce heavily
when these decadent stands are removed.
Under average conditions on white pine arcas 14 was possible for
one man to cover from one to three sections per day, depending upon the age
and density of forest cover and topography. On non-reproducing double
burns and areas on which it was doubtful if white pine occupied large
enough blocks to warrant protection correspondingly larger acreages were
covured per day.
RASULTS OF WORK DONE
Maps accompanying this revort show areas classed aw white pine
and also the acreage which can be worked per man day by quarter sections
as determined from the factors affecting working conditions.
fhe white pine is shown in only three classifications. These
Classes are: (1) approximately under 60 years of age; (2) approximately
60 years and over, and (3) over-mature. Pole size tinber was not included
as a class because working conditions in younger pole stands approximate
those of reproduction while working conditions in older pole stands
approximate those of mature stands.
The map showing working conditions siso shows Location of
R. imerme too heavy to be hand pulled, boundaries of working units, con-
. trol areas and camp sites, except on areas where camps can be established
at almost any desirable point.
% |
——— ee ee = —
—- oo ===
Information sequred during the progress of previous blister rust
control, principally during the period 1927 to 193), tyne mene and records
of timber cutting operations served as the basis for computing estimates
on units %3 inclusive. ‘he estimates on those unite provide for rework-
ing about 24,000 acres originally worked in 1927 and 1928 and orivinal
eradication on all other portions except the barney Creek drainage where
logging was just completed. On the Barney Creek drainage Ribes cradication
should be delayed until the Ribes which germinate following logging dis-
turbances are large enough to be readily seen by workers.
«| Zhe, following tabular statements show the ti fenton secured
from ‘past surveys, princinally the, 1933 survey, for use in planning blister
pugs” ‘@ontrol ‘Operations on the portions of. the Coeur ous are National
torest Pires to dates “qi
>
as i
eh : e 2
Lg Dink F 4 ie
¥ 4 t & >
? , =
. ¢
‘J ay 7
Ye ef
go Le. :
es 2y hil tates f ot
| ae
*
} s Waa. * Sf
J v
4 ‘ ai d
*
i ¢ ¥ é é
7 ; Ps
4 £ ae
» a t wy a
€ ie yg
Hy ik a Me
Se wea $
ee, ve Coe Let z
da th SgAe ati Abe
7 * erent y
a ae tN We £
at
‘ ase d ah. 5
ro
% PL i ihe dea 8 a ¥ %
es ae eo ta etal a3 Lb H
OS ae TS 5 axa ik: ® je
} * i bys er?
4 LSU EA 8 Ea ae hes
: ay : 2
L. TR Se, ee i Be
She ty cam pe
4, Pa ee e i, 4 9
£75 =<
‘ ihe * aon x
< &.
ee! .
hy i Be. te 4 F yk
'
1
Prete CJ
155
INY JRMATION FOR USE he FueURE BUEST LR aR BUS if CONTRO
_OPWRAY' ONS,
jAcres|
| $Pona
j2u) 1-|
| Aeres
_ otal ia 2rot Sei
par EEO Occ fe ahs pee how) ela...
Bina sbbaaeng. 1 oKE 701 2b 0021 F7, a8
ct
ew ies? 10
> © iO c ; > : { peas . , m9 42 L
; ; ez ee | es
- ; i .
ic & 2 : mol fat ee P —~» bs be A
ry < ~~ 7 tev
€ D 3 ho Ep fe Ey ® & wm 3
wl * - 3 an ov i a » Fa. a o at
= 3 ; : “ t , o . f “ ._ & A “& . > fe ¥ t o
= ~ $ “ J ’ 5 5 ~ ‘
= a ‘ - “4 me | z :
= + < re > Bs ic iy Py Om 4 i :
¥ is 2 ¥ ( . ‘ 7 ap . = -
’ } bd . ay '
Oo f ; - ; : ' ’
"7 F 4 ‘ rte 4 e + 5 :
> . !
s i apt ns 2 i be ;
| £36
Saber
3
ZABLE NO, 2
AREAS NOT CONSIDERED IN PRESENT PROTECTION PLANS”
White Pine A Aer eage fal
ak en ara
ee ee Loe “heres
ee kat Loe eee ee
sap eae aa Acres. Block
sAMabaAgreevek heen exception. It is included in thie table because it
Was not possible to make any out inates such as called for in the last
three columms of Table No. le
The white pine data on units 3 to 8 inclusive were taken from
the latest forest tyne map and are belicved to be very recurste,
All cost estimates were based on a composite effective per man
dey charge of 46.00 and an average per sere cost for working _—
R. imerme stream type areas of 350.00,
, An offective.man. day.is defined aga full day for foremen or .
laborer actually engaged upon Ribes eradication. All other time such as
general supervisors, unit supervisors, ¢amp bosses, checkers, warehouse-
men, men engaged upon transportation). eooks, filunakies and laborers
engaged upon trail and eamp constructioh&s.ctc. is classed as contributing
time and 1 7 RAT as — to. the “aoe effective per man day
vanes 3 ;
It is noted that ia0the case of Unit No. 13, Lavarne Creek, the
arca im the protection block totals more than the actual area of the unit.
This is actounted for by the fact that the white pine extends to, and
slightly across, the ridge between the unit and the ares to the south
which is not included in the protection plans, Howeversoit is proposed
to give full protection to the top of the ridge only which necessitates
working a one-fourth mile strip outside the unit boundary. This same
457
condition applies to some of the other units but in no other ease does
it cause the area of the protection block ‘to exceed the actual area of
the working unit.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The area included in the McPherson burn of 1931 was found to
have been so severely burned as not°ts permit of any forecasts as to what
might be expected in the way of future forest growth, Nor was it possible
to estimate what would be the future Ribes growth. Hence the only work
done on this area was that which constitutes the basis for these sencral
statements.
The 1926 burn in the vicinity of Magee Ranger Station was com-
pletely covered although on a more extensive basis than was the survey
made on. the portions of the forest not burned over recently. Yor the most
part the portion of the 1926 burn which represents a sinele burn only is
reproducing heavily to the ssecies which undoubtedly constituted the
original stand. However, it appeared to be too early to say defini tely
what portions would have a ‘satisfactory stand of white pine in the future,
The fire hazard is so great on the sing’e burn as to constitute a menace
to any contemplated control efforts in the near future. Furthermore,
Ribes growth is very heavy and working conditions severe. Yor the reasons
given it is felt that attempts to treat this general area for the contro}
of blister rust would be neither practical nor economically justifiable
at the present time.
2HE BLISTER RUST SITUATION ON “HS GORUR D‘AIZNS WAPIONAL FOREST
During the late summer of 1932 extensive scouting was conducted
over the bulk of the forest. White pine infection es follows was found:
tS mR BEN SR RN rs 2 me a
Hoo. | } WMumber Cankers
Trees|No. Trees (Aetual or
ts SCULODS |txamjiinfected | Aporoximatel vs ne
B00 i ae
ce, a Wie pen
100 LES ER © RETR E SS
The center of the latter infection is at the mouth of Burnt
Cabin Creek on the Little North Fork of the Coeur d'Alone Rivor.
158
so es ee eee... Vee . 254
The results of the scouting, due to the nature of the rust, do
not tell the whole story. They merely lend emphasis to the belie? that
the whole forest is potentially infected. However, it is believed that the
Honeysuckle Ranger District is the most vulnerable aren at the present
time so far as the rust is concerned,
MeNDALT ONS
at pene & It is not. wishin the seope of this report to maics eny specific
‘recommendations ag to the course of action to be followed other than to
encourage first treatment in what appears to be the most immediately
threatened portion: of the forest, the Honeysuckle Ranger District end
contiguous areas. To do this would mean, in addition, taking full
advantage of the work-done in 1927 and. 1926 when my bared —
acres were ELSeenyrte
139
————EeEowowrwnrlc (‘“ i‘ Cre Or U!mUC OTL lh S SS. =
sea avi ee When plier at icont rok: edu vlase for ie Clearwater.
Timber Protective Association were formlated, it was recognized that
stream type Ribes represent the: greatest @anger in the spread of the
disease. Therefore, it was decided to eradicate these Ribes within the
next four. or five years fron the greatest possible. area that available
funds permitted. This wes to be followed by @ second eradication or -
‘mopping up" two or three years after the initial work, It was believe’
that the removal of the stream type Ribes would retard the. spread of the
rust sufficiently to permit removal of the ‘upland Ribes before materisi
damage to the pine resulted, which now appears to be the case, However.
due to the rapid spread and intensification of the rust as evidenced ay
the great amount of rust showing up in the last year, it wes deemed
dangerous to delay longer the rewoval of the upland ithe s.. merefore As: 32
weer, plans calied for: :
The paueval of ‘uplaae Rives from areas where the stream wee he a
mien worked two or three aca before.
“Be “Reworking of strean type on. area “where “upland areas. ere ‘worked
oi eT initial ‘eradication. of Rides froin stream twpe on 4 unworied
“sgl of working watt Ho. 10. Op tae aes
“re During 1932 a ‘total of $30 O, a decresse of 420, 000- tron tex.
was availeble for local control of white pine blister. ist on the.
Clearwater Timber Protective Agsociation, ‘The following is a atetenent
of the net allotment for project 5. 42-1 after 4 the 8- Lig — cont redu
in cor ree ha ‘been ware dees for: es
yer. aie 864, 23
ee
+28 968.96 ae Cc
fakin ne She Sek Rites | yas. stnvied in: prs at
Case gies? Alger, oe. se becgide Fork: or ed's Cree!
prack.
org
ant st
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elygue eyy ATT BOTZORId UOTISTOORSY oATZOOZOId 1OQuTL Jeyealee[Q ey} Uo Wing PTEFJoyOsS sso19e “| Od qanos BU TIOOT
uosiopuy “y “g
2L6T yxodey [enuuy
am eo
ST TS
nr LF PSD ARRAS ACETIC SEI TA SD STILE INE III NEP LN RENE AC ATEN SRR NEW NSN Peo oom
ec — —_——
BLISTER RUST CONTROL WORKING AX#
drainages, Wo work was done Ole the latter @mainage above Headquarters
Séyity “AIT: stream type
| bl a al bebbiGa a4 4
| rai [ 4 y
i of Bena!
Pratcet ton work aa
Initial etreen'd Toi in working
unit 10, This work r re t in po\far_ as possible, the. entire
area on which stream tyve a teetion had een, iv da 4
it |p eet TN mene ELS O07 nt
| The map, included (this-report, [3m ‘shots the areas nate work
has Wen done, No attempt ede. te de ives infections, Areceus
a cla e inspection of Rihe Seaband ae irigs Feyesied ica presence |
rust, RI .
| i» TR = $4 i
[ el 3 1 Bi LACE Siew | i
I Approximately 100 men, éf° (2-pides cq, were wun iesad
gor | i ae oh
from she midgle_ of June.%o )Septembe: “6th, =: 4 coy ii _t6 Locate most
of the camps on ‘they a sneer tee :
Necessary pack's x was ‘gainh Fron. the aie ga
sae dain Lt |i \ 7 Re, ali
it Heretofore no -aplend nid’ BEbee Cor eding ation pena ‘apne on |
the Associationn ods ay ‘conge aysnce it\ Fas n ce spary Ko “rein évety man on|
the job in this typeof eradrcation, “It ‘Required the constant, Bttention
of per eracre (earing the” early), DPrt of the’ ‘yendon to ia iolish | this, ~
| mS
| Kear] donevntrat ohiie?'h 7 saeseat alge ot Syere erry in sect |
22, 26 and 24 in the upper ent 87 the dex Cpécék drainage. The Ries |
growing to immense bushes tad ntxedw 4 “denbe, prash, were extremely i
diffigult to eradicate, “¥he- ‘orews” carried) Basil $fench picks or used a |
specig@lly devised-mattock withie: elew sim mim te aid in erephing out |}
the R bes. - . 1
_ WORKING UNIT NUMBER |
| C2) UPLAND AND STREAM if
i | TYPES WORKED |
|| [==] stREAM TYPE ONLY -T35N | !
WORKED |
{ | & WHITE PINE INFECTION |
| | YEAR OF RIBES ERADICATION |. 1
|| A 1929 L _ | |
| ;
| B 1930 AN k A;
| S193! i |
fi o. 1932 |
| LL in 1932 H i
i] ee if
| an
Les Sa NSS CCN ESE Creel
162
& enact
Tia
af saod
eit ,9
bet
a initow
ebm
St irsais
idfeeoo #8 tet of al
ate aeed back mofise
sxeiw esetsa oid rie
raged
efit Saiaevet SECL af
BwC
ALU pS CUA &
hem Sere rr ng ay
BIYL fame @Taw , &
$ a0 fi
mas Dai
aganol et eldiskogq RaW Ts Ad
tsetibh beilacsa od
- far) srig ¥ #] Ys {
svttoetord sadmi? tetewyesl) eng
wt soltaoihste
Vis8s9D OF B2W
Feadinal aele tT
ornssa oct ko
oO 25 gas
fo Sm CIsys
cotigetis tuetenoo writ
wetds deiiacaosos of
re oY § Se x
EA DB. BIO
rr
wv
;
Ri BTI Os
enotinee at Sarvrot stew su osiv
sedii adT vonanieth i
(lemetixe atew , das
dons Res
bowery to enor
an kidiety i ;
mate 2
oe 20)
A Inte.
19
ee
299
eoLA
4Ss
¢
& dogmetd
unto
c. 2
>i
efi te
Li
oe sy
a
& OF RSS CLs TT
tarh retiael
tneoes oot neod Sad enolistego gatagol «¢
Asiltowel esw sensotatb seeds no
sow SNtow sotisotbats esdik eqys
thate god ft
~troqet eidt af
enottostat eedtH stsool of ebam 24 jqmetie ck
o@tat Sabivib ,aem COL
pott ders $8
=
'
#f 9
ent
geareb détw BSextm Sue
ame betray eaeweto sdT
es welo
adit so sno) esw Ntow of .eegantatb
geraned
bsitow yilentatzo
es oo ak
mgpextea Iaettial
,ive Sebarrot sxow eldT OL of thas
eqyd mactte doldw no sets
hSebsfont ,cam ect
an0b seed esi
s9ectesi1b Yits m0 aod iki to aotioscant szeolo &
wteotr ant to
edOuTEM
yletamixotqal
agar Pag oe aan to efbbim edt =
2 aoa seaq cineasoel
wottstooread
aiifi buslos on stototete
agerosenoD 8 sé sokistooesd ant
otssolbats to eqyt etdd af dot, edt
gisq yltse edt gatisch etoetvteqmre to
to anoidsiiaeenoo (vse
to bas tecay odd ai bs baa
er
Pre.
we
SS
.88
gedend esecommt of satwotg
stasibsre ot tleolttip
@ dttw vootian beeiveb y{{sfoeqe
.esdih edt
*
CLEARWATER TIMBER
PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION
BLISTER RUST CONTROL WORKING AREA
R4E
, of
i
FS
Sealed
a /
Nh
re
’O | 2 3MiLES
SCALE
BOISE MERIDIAN
LEGEND
C) WORKING UNIT NUMBER
bs
PSY
yt
(—_] UPLAND AND STREAM
TYPES WORKED
PRIMARY LOOKOUT
SECONDARY LOOKOUT
(} STREAM TYPE ONLY T35N
WORKED
QA WHITE PINE INFECTION
U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE
BLISTER RUST CONTROL
DRAWN BY R. BLOMSTROM
SPOKANE, WASH., JAN., 1933
Cae
San
YEAR OF RIBES ERADICATION
1929
1930
c 1931
Oe
y =
aeeee—ill
iz
eal
| |
ect
| {| i etel ft HH
V &) I
ert
|
fe Sy Tes
18) 1932
UPLAND WORKED IN 1932
ANNUAL REPORT 1932
B A. ANDERSON
Cost eae
Per Item.| Total _
___| $2,655.46}
15,608.38] $19,262, 84
otal AAP cM GAIA G SAE GO iy kT oN SE aay
Statement of Expenditures According to Fiscal Years:
Fiscal Year 1922, period 4/1/22-6/20/22........... $9,806. 35
Fiseal Year 1922, period 7/1/22-3/31/33.......... 19,397.19
Grabs tatels 2.0.6... $29 , 203, 54
Statement of Meal Costs:
Total cost of subsistence.,....... SUN peas cpa oe Oy 34.08
Number of meals served....... er ba oe 23,224
Average cost per meal served...$.27
ed Poe
ost of Chec Work:
Salaries and expenses of temporary men........... .$ 653.37
Subsistence of temporary men (250 meals @ 27¢ ea. ) 67, 50
og GE) | ee aR ae $ 720. 87
Cost per acre checked $720.87/127,200....... $.055
L 64
he
TEOD TO BleYLABA
LOW ATER
WOITARESO TO STE00 YO eI2YIAA GHA ManaTAre
es oe ge haere t
{ ae __ veou
| [ste? motl x2 __ gurgidbmecx® Yo mest
herent —aapeoornae ~- a cra na a a
EE S 888.52 | mem Jrenanred co
j
lag 508, OL2 | ears ei 7a __ fem bis oft YUKA Vistoqme? |s egoW bas egtialsé
| ae GL. i jesiz Mnolt ous soos .#ss.si
t
(888, | __ Soot to g209
\80.958,8 |e 2.cf3 _ boot to sotsgatrogeustT| seo ede tadné
EL fe te pene 209
i |S. Ob sone ME __._ @tisgod
\28.$60 ae _ ‘gotisdt roganatT| tnemutia Lstesep
Pose sepa eeepc eee
lan.esh |
(QB .ffS 1.08 | goijadiogenat't gassing t
) / 7
NS. .66
} ee eee
(es. OS
MER ent Earnmies eicrrenatrene-tnmeniepr dr Noesrn sntn
1S 084
}
!
{
_29enggns
_____ esi bat
[od ares YO molsataqd
| _ stoatvisqua j _ avvoenalisoa tl
Sh O8 Tae 3809
en ee
eT en Hi SE ABO Hh oP a re ont
ig.80a,t 105.928 Res Crane neers gcolises fogenst? | __ SHtsdo Lao torest)
[po £0S.088 | er eee
setseeY feoett o3 satbtoosA sow stonsqxd to snowed ads
3m .808,02....... ... 8h on \a-Se\i\b boite ,SE@L tse¥ Lanett
OF SOS ,CL.. 1.6... 252 BEV e\e-sals\ botreq "SEQE ree¥ Laoelt
ba 50S, 882........... dade? bnew
teoD Ise to suomoetssé
eres
BODIE BF... cee ec e eee eee ees o BOK@te fads to tz00 Latot
OSS ,55..... teces se HOVISE aloes to ted mee
TS .0...beviea [sem teq feos sastevaé
:roW patsosdo Zo tao)
bv ert It ee fem yraxoqmet to seeneqxs hus keetialsd
o.%8 _ (.#8 89S @ alsem O@S) mom ytetogmed to eonete tad uF
WOE OGS ~ Bs caste on eins ale .....d809 L[atoT
ma0,¢,-.....008,SL\"8 .083# belnero etos teq Jeo
EI ree nae ees aa
“an eS re
|
i
Total coal of operation... ag Pye or i
Less chemical charges: Paral ater
‘Bouignent and revairs,. se As eal 86
Chemicals is. eps e dee ; bt ig Ba Soe eyes, be 1,618, 58
Cost eee MOT BS HOM: 5: i Hs BUSR ave cco nee ee |
i
13 ees
umber of effective. — ony
$27,584 Sifax fo 85.81
Cost "per effective hace aey
Cost. of chem ice. dwekpeeist abl. ea
wepady <j --- tf Sree S “i
dayeiy)...istryre ets ni hac
day $211. 06) SR ey by ip ac ee oe Bg
Cost 7 a cael say witie vic is 91 plus $.37.... $6.28
Yee a
ost. ‘of hectare 4 | URE s Joe penen. day ta..2...... $1,406.72
Mam ber of ebhnw ia “locke. che 280.
: oe’ r : cesses HaT6
ety
been
in (Caran erat ae
foto
>yed eM sy ijostta 299. t200 stleoqued to snemetaté
DE CER ie ce eas op ey ce eprereaie © « nottateqo to gaoo [s3oT
7 ‘eentadn L[antimerio seal
OS. LIGB 0. war «2 .. £tiaeget Boa Joomginvod
8a .2f5.i0 s EN OOe Lo es er are . ee Lleotmedo
RE BOS SSS sc ccc cee reba sunesrennnes aoutacio {80 tmecio eeel teod
a syed gam evigoslte to tedani |
{2.83 ee, alae 283, 58s sh tam ot itostte-req deo)
ee fare Par re fa Fiasds Ye Fad”
BO ETE Pee er eee eh teens etisqet
ae schyeree svijoetis to ‘ted mutt
CO8 ee Ea ees eres ee
aie < eabcacens pote dees [asotdtbba
i, wth eas orn rs vee tee, 088 \88 ALS? Yad
BS as Te &-eado 12.62 sa tyongs ot ide yeh pear svitostte ‘teq 3209 -
isies a. Lao Emec . to incas augeb ts
"308. [2 ilies oer eres e ree eR re reee . Jaoimedh to $200
G88, S4. _-bottage, esolies to ted msi
BALE Bee icnys a ar mer a am . .dofiaa tsq teod
SRIUedi Ges __ csi eee 3 sui :
rbedel lamcoas Baer act $e ee & aria soit ga lwol Lot cyt y tame
6 *a0u0 £Tu0 S[2404 Ul pepntoul seus
fa perzom.
8 OM IBMT
ee nn mentee mene Sates a nar ame omens
paren soe agpananiic He ) MOITADIGANE 2ZHIR IAITIBL
ne
‘eas ee ie ‘
sedis to: —_ H
at :
-- ‘
¢ a it oe 4 "
* “e > ws xe 2th) am
Seem,
f6_[sae.805 (6 4OSG
thr [ass leas, 60f|aia.an (ash |
cents 31%, 108 [088 60a US ral
Se A ON MOS AN A Te EL a ae
i8ov,. Of IGAS AS [e8S 1aBD a
preicoe —- i
ror | i 2 \Ob.3 “nee HES] ee ee : ——— 18 of
(gs.or8 | _—* Ser [se flav. EPiae.Se 5) [ave.a [sae 2, ¥ [Bo i
783,59 (baad) 23
ere eae eit e CE a
iso.e* [| ve leg. [se 800 ,e38 [ate 8 [187 08r.1 lat
Tees, lara, Sea /8: x, 008 (008.8 [98,00] seat 114 _|
gos seadd .shodtem Ian tzario Kos baad dgod yd betow sta s¢ys macite at 29198 ance aoct*
wore Yao alatot ai bebriani ota
—— = SSS SS Sa SS SSS — ~ -_ = —_—_—$<—— = SE = = — = —~
eS seen ———-- = Sa — — =
= SSS ee SS SS SS EEE ——SSSSE=TT Se — — —— = Se ae.
= SSS SS SS SSS SSS SSS SS = ESS SS SS SS = SS =— = a ——
~ —_——— ——————_ ee ———— ———— ————— -
_ - - SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS ——— eee ———————— eed ee Se
ce - - — = ==. = = = — eS
a _ ~~ = — — = ——$—$—————————— ee a a ==
_ eS eee ——<$<$<—— ee ee
SS — = - = — —_———————— — oe = = _—_——
= ; ore Soao8 98 ay ‘spoygem peatmeyo pus
* 2 ~? Tid seq
sat
BAcd
~ == — — Ses Ne eee eee = % Ss
_ —— — i Pa i ee = “< =a
Str areamy
&..- UX sgt i
Sser ,BOLPAISOGEA AV ITOSTORS SARI iL: CT SRE ALS KO AR 18. WOLs AQIGARS Ereee BRQGC
ph 2 RE NS ee Oe OE te = 8 OES AD ee ee
EO ee On FI AS IR OE Me IER SA Oe SE See NE Se oat OT OC eT
i
SA taG 4
a
2
Lan iT inci
it
fig . a
hp
be,
3
ml
hee
+
ne
:
es ous ; nang ;
: Fe Anh y r ‘
eS) i } ai | fistol ot ho Sadek i : f
} x!
dene? | ao § . a pap ert ne a eS : ES ; ey r :
5° BRL od #5 i temas goa eo. PSIG | 290 ts. jOmTon « | iben 8 as 4
vas" nb ht eprateae a SRS. 2 ae ES = a om
2 ; ' ; ; [ ¢ 3 } t
i f ' H i i k H
tg ih | He yeh ‘a Wer eS; Ae os eee ee 5: Se Sd. SS Sel ol a om n= a
see me) 4 188 a. {ra.28 bs BSA BES, £0 Spee St SST TI Lei, 3 i268, 0 ube Se. BAS Loe ae
5 H f { ;
t 5 { ;
eal * : = we ce cae i ad
i los. toa OFS A bk Oe beet
Sen Ce 8a BEI AES kk Ree 8 Frat ena fen ee re ed age ee Na meaner eaten fo
Sera =. pole a moe ;
: : 2 3 ‘ 4 : }
‘ gj or tesa 1 easy Ore pe Le S%h 8 Wena ey B28 (~ose I wer Te
a aa = Gs <<. sa? ae Loe 4 mt 40 5h G Peas 35 the c “3, iF 3g hg rani mE a = Beh 3 oe O49 3 fe Bee, See St eS ES 2 Ss
eR. 1k Ry a, SE SEES me 2 SPE RE AE ha 8 ATR SS Be dy OCB
Demet Pe Fey = “2 x PD hy Pit Pie y ey, Pees tir Bae aged aiod wa 555 Mote gua Orret mgoasp zr f 2 ei:
ai bebtiionkt ate sets 62 Shs - Peo TOR 167 een Drs Moe BIOS YO bine Sas Gey Mesgtea cdi sei.
Pe it
a ee
— Ste
Protective
1
{mde r
ter T4
learwa
nse tyve,
a
De
deve loved
ve
1a
Clearwater Timber Protective Association,
.
o
8
oe)
iss
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»
aa
<
&
a
2 o
a oO
®
oO
hh &
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own
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ek
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a4 a a
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oo é
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o be
2 ge |
A «4 Oo By pacer
_ Pi ol
w
£ mo
n
aw
co) a
o @ ert
& aa
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oc
& Q %
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2 m8
a a
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ae
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° MSs
er
a @ o
° Ap
a mele
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a Aa a
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4 3 om g
be
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ag BE
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7 oho as
Pood =
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7- Oo @
8 Food 3 <
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2
25
a
A total of 11,223 acres of upland type was completely worked at
a cost of $1.69 per acre. — On ‘this same aree 1, ‘$29 ‘acres of stream type,
first worked in 1929, were reworked, The working of the 11,223 acres of
upland and reworking of the 1,529 acres of stream type afforded complete
protection to 12,752 acres of white pine.’ A total of 448 acres of initial
work on stream type was aint - afford partial protection to 4,800
acres of white pine.
r Clsatpnt DISCUSS] OW am MUALYSIS
LS : 00 sere whe et CAL G7). men
au > oa! Sepcevenae: with ‘the: tabor spoke ‘outlined tase winter fully
50 per dent of the mén employed could be classified as loca) labor, This
type of labor performed very well and it is deemed advisable to contime
the policy of giving local men preference. However, there are certein
qualifications necessary to make a good Ribes eradication worker which
should not be lost sight of. We must train men who will be available for
supervision in the future,
The weather conditions of the past summer were evidently favorable
to the spread of the rust. There was scarcely @ drainage in the Clearwater
region which, if examined closely, did not reveal blister rust infection on
Ribes. Phis is a fact of very great importance in planning future control
operations. There is every reason to believe that a very great deal of pine
infection took place this year within the boundaries of the Association.
Several years later the results of this 1932 wave of infection will appear
in the form of very numerous new infection centers, which will from that
‘time on rapidly develop in size and intensity.
In view of these infection conditions, it must be recognized that
if the control program now under way is to be successful, it must be
completed within the next few years. The situation obviously calls for a
sharp and determined effort in the near future. If the white pine is to be
protected from severe blister rust damage the Ribes within that area must Ht
be removed before the new cankers, formed in 1932, have developed sufficiently ||
to cause ancther wave of infection. !
Therefore the Division of Blister Rust Control recommends:
1. The immediate completion of stream type Ribes eradication.
2. The eradication of all upland Ribes in the white casa areas within
the next few years.
3. The reworking, es rapidly as is necessary, of all areas to be
protected,
169
Ht iH
Hit, |
Niet |
} | {f| vi
A \ |
i |
| tt P
eitow vietslamon eaw scavs baalaqs to eatos SSS,I[f to Istot J
sefrabnrod odd otdtiw taey 2idt sosiq stood soitoetat ;
in I i 2 *)
ae ,soys asetde to setoa @Sc,1[ sets omse etd oO .et9s teq 23.1% to teoo 2
NW to 8: 96 ESS.f£f adt to gatsitow ofT .Bbooltowet stow eCSOL at bestow getlt
|! iw a3 5 + meotte to estos C62, edt to aninitowet bas basiqu :
| uth lal i Istot A .entg ottdw to eaxoa S2T,Sf of noisoeatetg 4
i it ; fsi¢tag hiotts ot Detelqmoo saw says msotse m0 ator ei
Al vl wikg etidw To estos q |
EG ‘
AY ee 1
|} if \h| 4
in| 193 anf { pifog te ag tw SdBHT0998 al ;
| Hi aiiy .stodafl L[aool as Gsft af{o ed birros dSeyolame sem edt to Snes teq
IN or ¢t bos [{sw yrov beariottesq todsl to says
We = souetstetg sem [ac0l satvis to yolloq add |
Ha 9 ibste eed ks HOS & sian o¢ YIsaes Ort enoidsoitilavp |
Wal, ow sem miatd desma eW .to tdgie veol ad jon Sivoile |
Ni, ; emrtet ett at motaivisqse s,|
\ Mea
cyst tesa add to asottibnoo tadiser sAT
i) HI S168 & yYlecitsoa ese otedT -basrt eaij to basige ad? os |
i) | i b§h .yfesolo bantmaxse TI » Alp Esiw Holger g
ce | Gg od 3 ytev to tost s at aint .esdiz - |
i tl | S { of soesot viave et etedT .anoiisieqe } |
Wen)
seat edd t9tsl atssy Istevet a
avotemn YIsv to aret eld af
*
te at qoleveb yibtqat oo emis -
io Sys
Nay gofdsisoszea Sod Te
tl re ewes & ff 4 ° “ey r a © :
Ti! : e ae, ;
INK i de ort [fiw dokdw ,etetmeo so:
| udtes
MI
} ; :
| tadd be:
-
stmraopet od gemma ti ,acotifonos noigoestat seed? to wetv al .
tegenoie ed o¢ at yew tebar wor metgzet¢ Lotsuoo aid tf
sticwtin of eraey wet gxan edt aididtw batelqmes P|
il .surtet teen edt af stotte bentsreseb bas qrads an
sect aig eaausb tem tedetid stevees mott befoetot¢ q |
| Petr seoisvab svar , T mk f 2») won sit ototed bevemet 9¢ |
i) gcottestal to avaw tedtons savag ag
|
v4
se
x
a
vs
4
iH ~ St webe tl Be stmiwtil ar: 9 ay ; {
ehrarnmost LOTIAOU Faith 2476 tie %*o cofeiwru ¢ my} stereo real El
r
fi
S.
rs
aq
Hil goigsetbats aadif eqyd meetsje Yo noissiqaos eisibenmmr edt .f L
i q
Wi |
| |
|
2 s s+ wd nat ttt fwalfan a & * gn * haw
whittw eseta eatg sitdew sdt at eed th basiqu [fa to noLlgsof bate
-RTSBY
4
ad
a
&
m
@
oy
ca.
betostotn a
os ee ~_ f 7 ; 4 : Bari
ef of esats iia to ,yiseeeen af aa yfbigst es ,gakitrowet eit .6 :
Or n_ Pole |
Dense Pole
gen Mature
[Dense Mature
W tover-Open Pole
1Cut tomer
Sra
Foresters
, ~ - 4 ©:
| a
[cutover-Open i Mature.
jBrush
Mesdow _
(ne ee
|Open Reproduction
Dense Reproduction
24... eects Se = E
jatonis=Opn i ae eee a cal a aa a_i Se a
| CutoversBurn _ Seen Katee Werner 4 ase }
} | Brush = Com _
= 7 a live
KE @ i
Se oe ee
4 ae
~ - — ae 4
2 2 } Ra
is
ay Oe Sees eer
: = 16 1 13
Brush ae Loe ; ar 3
(oul | | Stream Stream ti
iDe prenss. ise Reproduction
}
| 4 ) (aaa Pye
. tr Open Topen Reproduction _
{
i
|
| s4
3-4 : 4
| AA |
1S 5
| } a
=
—
T
|
______|All Types aaa ie 12 2,2, i ae = Ee ees ee
NH - Wegligivle or lese than 0.!
Checkers included variations ia types not recognized in Ribes eradication records
Annual Report. 1232
a oR.
E. L
170!
46 intgl.
7Qaxtey
nf
ta
sarnwm COS
& 9 %9 %& OS. 4‘
t-, =
i @
8
SilD
oe. eet es. e88
A
f
y ?
oer
ars
i
Tec
ren
‘
ow
{ acs ef fis:
beatowet: eqyr
Pear
SVL Hs
S&
“dG, @wor
3
{
-€
wo Tas
we
&
~—
&
‘
4
+
MEE
my end
2)
TABLE NO, 1
RIBES PER ACRE AFTER ERADICATION
Re eet _Ribes Per Acre After Eradication _ eee |
R, petiolare | R. inerme | R. lacustre |R. viscosissimum] All Soectes - |
t
| |
Camp Type
Per Feet Feet Fest Feet | Fee
Cent Live Live Live Live Live |
Check|Bushss} Stem |Bushes; Stem |Bushes; Stem | Bushes Stem | Bushes Sten
: =eeeen eee a ee eee eee
Qpen Reproduction | 2.0/ [| | [Jf 7 To 0
Dense Reproduction| 2.0] J [| w [-w | 3 [ 10/ 2 | i3f 4 | 23]
[Open Pole | 20M i ey ie Ta |
23:7 ee ee ee ee ee
Open Mature
an Matu 2.0
Dense Mature 2.0 —
2,0
W
oe
| 2.0 |
n Pole | 2.0 |
2,0
Open Mature
x Denss Mature 2,0
| 2,0 |
Cutovsr-Open Mature
Brush 2,0
Meadow 2,0 |
Stream 2.7
All Types 2.0
Open Reproduction | 2,0
Dense Reproduction | 2,0 |
Open Pole 2
fo]
Dense Pole | 2,0
Open Mature 2.6
x Dense Mature
Cutover=-Open Mature |
Cutover=-Clear _
Cutover=-Burn
87 |
ss ao
Se | 28
__138
97
__ 84
Open Mature
All Types 2.6 5 8 43
Fly [Open Pole [2.0 | 16 he vile 16
Camp [Brush | 2,0 | 182] 16 200
(Dull | Stream 2.0 h 25 §25
Axe) all Types [ 2.0 | g2 [14 150
ie Open Reproduction | 2,0 | __ 86 | 16 | 106
Dense Reproduction | 2,0 | eo ee ae
[Open Pole —s——séd(S;:s«C2 OO Ww ae on so
[Dense Pole sid’: 2,0 | aes ee ee ee
[Open Mature _—s_—si'| 2,0 | | 5S} 6 37
2.0 | Ni] oN z
All [Cutover-Gpen Pole | 2,0 | aes ie ae 4
ee eee ee ee ol
Cutover-Clear 15 § vid
Cutover-Burn | 87 7 111 | 221
Brush_ | 2,0 [130 | 20 147
Meadow 2.0 re ae) 0
| Stream __ eS ee ee
z= All Types 2,2 9} 9 43
N - WNegligidie or less than 0.5,
Checkers included variations in types not recognized in Ribes eradication records.
Annual Report 1922
E. L. Joy
171
Fao Pade iG As Pe Sar «Spare he ae. Meet
ak Yoel [bw joer ww = Pte ain
From Table No, 1 the percentages of acreage in stream type,
upland types and all types that supported mot over 100, SO, and 25
feet of Ribes live stem per acre were computed. These results are shown
in Table No. 2.
“ABLE. 0, 9
dikes Grd dott bY work utar :
Gireinagse 1% Pon excuPeD nob Olea 10: Avo or LIVE stm
Blister ke st don & vere “AaEER = a; ¥5
fhe past, Per Cent 3 ates | with Ribes Live
er Fer Acre Hot Excasd ng
It is seen in Table No. 2 that elthough only 5 per cent of the
total acreage supports over. feet of. Ribes. live stem per acre, 32.5
per cent is over the 50 foot-limit. .Yhus, the acreage with more than 50
bat less than 100 feet of live eed per acre is 27.5 per cent of the total,
seapwgglrtah . 9 pigtail pe nig op for the diesiwater Timber
Pri tec ctiv Association silat Sade “ost! ae ee ee
east v0 ie es ete worked “4720.8 87
_Aeres. initial | and second ; sey beh Be,
ov
en
top ix
gests
wert
“reported. e©eneeere 7 soe oe eeoeemperv eee” eeveoede 13, 200
a, Bae per. acre. for SAAD. +2 rae hid 055 .
$e, PS Ces yee : os § astm A n I 4 18,200 . >
a + » te # t we ‘ 2
xe an eo pomeese bis wres
q hs my tie é pic) ry é #
; Sant E #4 3) ,
j reng% wi
“ove, fe sprevinge was tox b,
Et x3% 782 F 4 3 &
acyd mpetse af egaotos to segadacoteq edd I .oW el{dat sett
aS bee ,CB COL tevo tom bedtoqqus tad? eecyt [is baa asoyt basios
P - art tf
seat? ,betucmoo etew Sios teq sete evil seit to seat
S ,ok aids af
i, hee
el =
{[.38 imasrtd
een a
a { fs
6.88 |__ ALA)
oe ee
afdsS af noe at +7
tast GOL teve ettocaa agsetos [atod
$imt{ toot Od sai tevo gi dmeg Tad
mete avtl to geet OOL aart aeel jad
sadwit tadaewiasld edd wt anotistuqmos taco gaifsnesio att
sewollot es o18 motistooees ev ttoetott
oe es ee sgithsio ado to taod
S Scopes Sea [stttok seroA
OOR EL ccccccevescsvessecns Coe ea ee DOFTOTST
6 . T8,O8N :.-- qgitzosiis tot e08 ug taoo ogee avd.
MATH SMA SREY 27ND yy «OAL ARERAIEN TIRED ASTER Donen ING RACED eo 2
UPPER ST. MARIES RIVER
| & A eeR ag to JEC r
Sadho. Joona os ON TNE GPP AV ERM MARTER FIVER DRAINAGE
2 3 MILE By BOISE MERID
= ee ra Anderson
SCALE Junior Forester
We We
“RO NITE PHS ;
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF a AwERoQUON qe La 3 A TYE
oP bes ip blah started in the spp 5t, Waries River
: ne past,
eA 2 TRE
eipep-erattpatton wet pertogmed tn 4n ‘eections 23°25, 26, 27, S4,
BS and 36 of tanship 42 north, range 2 east on the South Fork of the
Middle Fork ira thes Pte: Maries Rive M<gthe entire area is classed as excel! lent
rhite —. si Use gapports-e fine stand of ehite pine of verious age
( o atter part Siar = Bl @ gevere fire. swept to the ridge
top in sect’ pa via oA a “area worked on the west, This fire
ppotted oven tat ben og trees in these two sport ons and
Ps or r
Ya
in aay concentrations on the main
nd on this part of the working unit,
oceur a9 aid over all of the upland
Fo) eae \ -
awd ve 5 employed ‘on ‘the project. ite | men were divi
nto Seman ctews when hand pulling. | on 2 to Seman crews when spraying
een]
| A 10: ‘per cent ghiution af sodium chlorate was used in all spray
prk, No spteyine was done efter hugust 15,
ANNUAL Gail @@utipiiont. supplies and chemicel were packed in by the
rest Servio@ cat Clarkia according to en agreement made at the start of
His:
wiesd “sno-10 tort" & 0
at betoybnoo s3ed gad ne
tralisore
Ye.
soar ea had site i
QAMIAKG B8VIA BEIRAM Te BAIGY SAT WO JORTHCD JAIOL SY LTARSIOOD
ete ero vo let
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savyii 2efral tc reqqU oft af e 7
© motetvid aff vorase \SECL odd aatiwh hovaitacs eaw feel at seasatatd
i
i
* mee ry oe > wow Anas
bajarogqueonl ,etes1ot sods | .
} : edd Ses yxaqmod bast sensawl th godt
evitareqeoo dotdw meqy ete ad ort
eesq edt
ated tot dusmdolia ton onit to teometata x at ga twoilot ext
atest taiaket af motforber tnao.t9q @\le6 adt x
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7 ee oe ae oe ee ee
OC OOS sf tart oviisrsqood
BS ASEAN Ric & & 2 *
¢
ESE EE, ec one e emolila Jat
es . s ¢ ota ae, Fre a fF
eS aXS .dS ES .ES eacitoee xt bemrotteq esw nottaothare eed it
att %o Meret digo! off co dase S egret ,ddrom S) qidenwod to GE bas cé
4 oc3 to drot of bb rm
fravin sefrak 7% 9
ait 8 edroqiuia boa Stix saig ad ide
3 ad .aSeaato
eit anthared £6 bea SS anotioes af qos
aigkarh fret eIWhiv odd ctat asvoe betsogs
. eotod Bi tuods sve hemiue
2
oe)
r
aA
A
M
a
eh
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&
pa
nar
. : — Bale a es ae ‘
otam ect mo epeivarinesro> Yaon ai : p
: meta ix r ps «a hele ore & re rig » gag py 3 3 f SST fe
sing unt thyaawy acy tO graq 2 f «me Baro zt BOOTS 272, j
o be wee d~ : - onan ; re $ Po ee hag & sitgyosl of
brafos edt to Lia tovo Yilatesog M920 Remige reesei me = LS
29qyF
r eee tari? % we't*
craw can saed? fostorq edt ac beyoiqme o19F Hom eyvylawT
Sw ever fatie oF GS te sgaiiivg bused sew swoTs ramet ofat
; A
P a? - = x «~ beer fa of Sry ‘ c 1
aves [Ia at boas eaw statoido mythos to anortufloe Tas 254 of A :
—_ Qi tavavd tetta snoh saw gatystga ok <sror
ry
hevosa erew Isotmedo bas gatiqgane .Jtmemqiyps gmav 2 :
shan froamesras os of anfhro9938 shixald ts sotv19e Jaeor0t
: stogaee blett edt
UPPER ST. MARIES RIVER DRAINAGE
CLARKIA PROJECT
BLISTER RUST CONTROL WORKING AREA
1 Yo | 2 3 MILES BOISE MERIDIAN
ne Es
SCALE Legend
WHITE PINE INFECTION
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE UPLAND AND STREAM TYPES
BLISTER RUST CONTROL WORKED
DRAWN BY R. BLOMSTROM 1931 ERADICATION
SPOKANE, WASH. JAN., 1933 1932 ERADICATION
y
See
Ke
y
Ww
a a
mS
S| fy
anne
Sth
R2E
ANNUAL REPORT 1932
B. A. ANDERSON
—— ee a. a a aaa a Hi = — a —-
a ha emt
-_—— = a ee ==
PER ETD RT a
SS >= SS a ——————————————— : :
SSS SSS See = = = — ———— SSS —
a a Fe SS Se = = a =
i SS SS ——— ——
= = = —= eS ——
—————————— i — = = —
— ee ee ee et nee ans aS ee eT end
‘Stel ceaeth OF Pye PaEengur<as des 04 WO: 1
fee chewlcal Ghers**igpaTRMEwT OF COST OF OpeRAT] OW
‘ ee ee ee NR AEE ET DO : a ~ =
Grand Tote $4,013,39
Classification of expenditures according to fiscal yezrs:
Period April leJune 30, 2689. | 8s oO, 743, 08
Period July leMarch ol, iS A ap a ee ge” FW gO, BY
COCR es ees ae ae sic on ee 945015, 39
t work:
Subsistence of checker e
133 meals we 28¢ per WERL. sO TSS tS OHM
Total Cost (included in Table Wo, 1)....... 3% 24
Cost per acre checked $37, 24/1570 = $0, 024
No salary cherge ageinst 3,42.3,
Statement of meal costs:
Total cost of subsistence. ........0000000009819, 07
Humber meals served, ...-.e.svece 29955
Average cost per meal served...,$, 28
1715" 6
eTe0d ‘we elaytava
STE00 "w 4
{ OW GIdAt
W
} i nr
nt
Vata |
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ala a |
i MI ea ; i
| en iatoh Cast 495 |
ill |
|
| " ii
| \) Mh i
| \j Mi
ya Te
a
Win |
BARE |
mea |
hel i
Hy til . |
Wall 8
Nill |
Wi eo
| | §
Hn i ______---istol _b hasr eae =. 7
HAE |
| Ay S
ii ii serasy [aceit of anthrooss eseryd tbasqxs to motssottiezalo
Way 4
| ial BO SES Lc acevccccsceee StOL OF saytel [ingA botred
i i | LEAISEaS see eee ee ne oBROL wit dorvalv.f yiucl bolrsd . a
i CE ELO.BF... 2-56 seu denen cee _ iste! §
i i" | swyOF gio to deo |
Pa Ih :
TaN ;
| i » ysiosdo to sometafedse et
We ME DEL. ccc ecccceveeessseef8om 19q 468 © alsom EEL j |
Ha bE SE ...2.00(f of ofdaT at hobulont) teod iasoT |
et | ‘2
| i S90 Of » OVEL\sS VEE beeloedo gra T9q geod ei
| i We ceSh.d teantsgs eg1sdo yrefse ov a
| Mi }
wll |
1 dees tema
a |
| i TO CL8E cc cc cere wecen ee. 208038 fade Io feos LgtoT |
| il | BEC gS een ascancouss hawt ee siaom +s sda |
it ; es .¢,...bevree [sem req e009 egsTevA |
| i | |
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th \ {
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7 ‘ R 4) Mey
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Bh yerh? : b i ’ He 3
Motel cost of operation Al. foi.) .b-b-)-pegeedocearsececsnrse++00$4,013,39
i “falc : Fah 74 Te Phas ERT Fie
Less chemical - gherge 3!
Equipment end re
Chemicals,
ra ae
ri fs ri
Cost less chemtcal cherges. vhs ey
;
;
Wumber of effective OAD Ceara dé =
Cost per effegtive man day, ++» 638, 73/51.
5 #3 eli $f e e; j
Cost of chemi éa equipment: 7 Leb ah rl. 4
Wamber of effective spraying ma: an daye.....
Additional cost per gprayit epee
Cost per woe men my 9 Bs bole
EN ay set aaa $6, 35
Caan Ceri, 4a
46.30.
Cost ‘of Bit dig: L dcalh ob oll ae Reeeere $318, 59
Number of gallons ay Ted... ... he Be stp ecseeeerers 3,839
Cost - per jo me OC ate os : ° on fee ceteeerevce $. 083
ee :
dg y
Kr : Fs
O35 }
are )
i
«al. }
a
ay
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en .
at :
34 ¢
:
:
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ay f a
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ce a it é ot
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Be
TAC WAM | ZI20OV0] TO ThswaTare
OF, O10 ,834. se*@ @ Deveson cscs ce gee HHe Kielamee cosseses SOLS EtOgO to gg09 Isgoi
’ saegisdo [ao hredo zeal
LODLSt cote Tie vce ecavevec edt ingest baa Inemq tupd
Os eve Bet ees sees eevee esasenee encores s BLg9 iment)
OT EB ET wee ewes eess tate ee aces owrgalsie geome Bag TAD: igo tmero s2ol 3209
=o . = ~
pa ; Ler rere je ran evidootte to sedmtrit
a | vege ences eet acee ees TEL ES CEB, BE ans OBE el “evitsstts 19q 3260
| £0 £8? apap eT te pes dromgtype {sotmedo to. treo
; —PEbory vs es etal car an tyergy evitostts te “ay chet
Sa, f seve oS PRL sfetecc cc ooo e air er ger yer teq teen [amo td ibbs
48 af Bete Ey Ir re w TD, Test 6 EE Pes Yee. mac ga fystae 294, ag00
giuct_Iealmedd to taomete ye
86 OL &* Dik crprireee crore a ae a to teee™
oS Onin er rn er Oe ree botlage gphrolieag to 1sdmaus¥
E80 .* SE eer CETEAEEAEEAEE' "ene tog teod
enitiens wx aubmonst es bh
ut berie itiniboos dro" ert to -yramme-s- ‘Sorts beds’ gareoiter ‘ont
e
i ESE EIS
|
|
;
A[uwo pepapouy ee
‘
<
i a
Ft sort
fot Gg Re Fe -
4 Z
és f * s
Bs by 5
>
x 2 a 3 ,
s Bs ‘ :
f a 3}: ee x
= - e é o> 83 i
is oe:
ag :
a wh *S12904 Uy sou0
#2102 aveug ‘spousau TaD THe pre poe, won a Aa pando are edd, weai4s U} Selde ses Udyy,
ee ee at Ee tel
we te ~— i
sarees eae lace
43
42
potine
qinc Ashefont ers esras ado? .ehortom jagimeds Saa baad dod Fad fedrow ets aqyt maoite ai asics sma mod?
. ’ g@iateot ast sono
DISCUSSION AND AMALYSIS
In naiiiieabliall with the practice on all ipaeivied this season all
acreage worked was checked for missed bushes and poor spray work, ‘The
final check of the entire area: showed’ an average of 15,7 feet of Ribes
live stem missed per acre, “On/ho timber type did the missed live stem
exceed 45 feet per acre, as
re wit a Lit es ae
Special attention was paid to the spray work. Every effort was
made to secure 100’ per cent cove “on beth upper and lower surfaces of
the foliage i Ribes bushes, In addition « ground drench was applied about
the base of ¢¢h bush, thereby insuring a thorough crown epplicstion.
Where BR. petiéléte wae proving in beaver dems the dams were pulled out and
the water allowed to lower BS muck | as Beda te before the weiss were
sprerets ; Ti BLS ih ee ge Ey,
The areas eer over a the 1931 fire in sectione 27 end 54
will undoubtedly support a heavy growth of B. yiscosissimum within two or
three years. Observations of whet has happened to similar areas burned over
in this region tn’ past’ veers. is = Beats: for this statement,
Infection was found ¢ on civiee type Ribes near the center of
section 26, township 42 north, range 2 .¢ast, About.a mile down stream
from this point scattered infections on white pine are beginning to show and
from here to the forks, ‘the pineis badly flegged, Severe: pine damage -
resulting from infection taking place previous to Ribés eradication may -
pe cing oe within fhe next few a ace in thel fringe. slong stream tyve,
[Open Mate White pine. blister. rust. hagle. sectite “foothola in the Clarkia
region, Unless 2 definite control program is put into effect immedig te ly
adv edministered on 2 ‘permanent besis, the excellent stands of young white
ples @ in this region will be wiped “outs The. control work done up to this.
ime will be entirely vitiated unless future control work is carried out
on.a systematic.besia. The 1932 operation was entirely too small to cope
with the situation,
on ee ee
Femi TP Ht
1 RF vb haha Tad aoe Te oe ee ee ey ie ea aie oe
mod vee) tReet o fl Co «eR RR. ee eee : Ye Fo RK
‘
tick Me ett ee he streme tree wer 3 ‘
oft row ysrce yO0q baa 2 eflesd begain-r0? beniosrio esw beotrow e480798
sodii ‘te see? 8 .Gf to sgatevs ae bowed sora oxtine ed} to doedo Lag it ||
mets evil bewe tm eid B28 toys ih ak ea ae “q8I9S T9qG Bees Lui sete evil
4! sigan os woyeepatt besimtce tI
|
| Lis monate 2 fds asoptiing ‘IIs 20 eo itoatg edt id tw eonabi0998 st,
|
|
|
{i wave bearvd waets taligie od bemeqqed aed fady to asclisvi3ad® s#isey seidt |
Ve | atomet sia eid toi elead sds at eraey ae “4 0 ger ging of q
|
Aly is Lag +S1D% 28) do0% Gh beeoxs . |
b aow drctie yrovd pe yoras) ‘eels od nhag ean Be ttudita Lalpedt q
mi to ssoatrve rowel base reqge Atod a9 9gaTeves ines 19q OOL exuo9a of ebam if
| tyoda betiqys aay donoyh barvrorg +2. moltitiha al ,weteud 2edifi te agstict edi. 4 |
| 4 acitaotiqgs aword dyuerods « aq hivgal yereds .tand n° ey gead edt i
| My bas to belivg orev emah odd gmab toveed af guiworg gaw gisle & ered
\ i Nie orew 2edend odd mroted ais Hees 28 down Be: ores od paola yvetaw odd
H | Hy ycidl DOYST Qe
| SE faa TS erotiose at oft reer ‘dat Pee evo. acess asotm, oT
He to owt alddiw mumtsgtegoaty — te dtwery qwaed a dIxcgaze ylbesduohay Ll fe
HY ae
1
1h)
te tsiaso aid teed 20088 eayt agotte a0 binolt egw aditsets
|
| ‘| . sapere aint olin « todd .teee & date Pehp asd $$ gidemwos 0S aolioes
| bira worl od go ino tged ers oniqeedinn ac eno tested beted dace iniog etdd mort
| agunah exiq etovee. begael? bad ef en tg. and vedio? ads of ered mort
Mh ih | | yan sottsotharé sadif et euotystq evale anblat nottosint mort gatiiveet
| i | U sseyt weords anole esi aieiel ot at RI8ey, ete ss es acid a bdd bw betoeqxs ed
Wl Hy | sbhirait edd at bfedtoot aio be is 2 grt Fie ddgtid ut Bey ot fw |
| I i otaihommt gostte oiai duq af matgorg Lotiges of tn Pieb a oe lal AO $B e |
lll). e¢fdw gesoy to shaeta teefisoxe edt welead Iaenacriog « ao berodelnimbs bas
}
i eldt of qx snob.xrow Joytaeo edT © aun beqiw od {lie noigey atdd at eatg
eA tyco betttes af drow fer dns ergtut eaelas batawttiv yleriéae ed [ftw emtt
HA sqoo oft Llare ood vfevitas eae gol arene SFC eff wiesd otiemeteye 5 20
Oi iano butane f winds ( ottartte odd dite
SSE ea ae areca ceca
a
PAM LS ee
CHECKING 3 AFTER Liz Has BRAD LCAT ION
é. L. ie
Junior Forester peng a
Rites Per Acres Dane Jear Afier Sam
2, | PLS | Bu. | Si. J
Bt. iM ae River arek & 7 of 5,484. or acres
i total, T, 266. “acrés Was Worked in igz2
ithe BS: Le5 SEras worked by Bi bes
Strean
Smeeermarscroney tan yay
Seng rer sano epee on a oe
[All Types -RIMS-PER
tage eer BP Toa aie
gec°e* \ pathos le. 1.5. inches! PT, 5, iushes!
| Peresntage
N- Wegligitte or less than 0, Sen
Ee Oa tt is “seen ‘that the entire e aereage ‘worked in
6d less then BO feet of Ribes Live stem [pee Te ¢radica-
7 at the stream ty: S tetor 3 1) 1.4
we A ib oR” TER EUS GES AN SUR. N° 1S _” ERO NR ee a Re
an of te <A De». the Bibes ps. Awe of ane. PRE: abher
orndi cats an oH bys, ie’ aise ee i Ry: : 2. ot ,
ae 4
is ri rti ner @yident that ok pe pat of. €48 total ot ¥
+m . oy et ms en oe z
106 feet per acre. Table No. 2 shows that most
* ’ d ~ P ett t ewseseeka ee Camnhietieow 2
thig letter elase Still wimperts 247r°gS GUanie tars
1786
wor MADTOAT em esr BEL “pun0gH :
ae ‘" GRA ers
» tke al A. ey fy 4S
’ , tetgartot Noth * wie SY
- Kor rouapwiner ere
aetna 8. ere te , Lndos. fh gee wevkh aaitaM $2 xeaal, ent. 70, rr"
Goel at bestow aaw acing 9.8L: Leted eis 20 Shel wi bsinesio ae
aod.th xd aewip® eto s: ins BOM B2SD. Tedd ten Pe ASL at aetos 838.6 bee
; af el ee Rai > ae eae
ie,
gos eft ao molt dotbake wig ody ‘e198 599 aod ff ‘eft 't Cae oidat is i
— rab avede ots ree ak betice
sek Bk sOITIDS sas _ ‘A.
Se ESF
, wn hh SE eden
oo rere yon en iy ee s ae
sii UD: Be ce au Beg
afod e200
A te crept re
iS opis of | Choteau on
7 : Bee coos nei Pt a wow 0 os
a weet Hl
a: 2 vals aver igh ya ratipor = iy
at Sesttow egsetos etidne silt gads seae ek ai £ of etter lai
-sothats tedte eres teq weds evil asdifi to geet 08 aad} easel betroqara SSeL
98% @8 wolsd esw ecyt wsotte ect jot Ife bos sold
«esta tasy sno e%8 tag eed? ods ,oqyt wo awore & .of alde?
IE@L at basttow eats sit no molsaoibare
SS a
TABLE NO. 2
i
= = a ee
——————————
Ales ree Ace ax i 1932 2 08 THE — WORKED as 1931
———
bes. Per were. One - Year. A: ter. Brad stion
SAPO sek
Type
LYODE
N - Negligible or less than 0.5.
fable No. % which is derived from Table Ne. 2 shows the
percentage of stream type, upland types and all types that supports
not to exceed 100, 50 and 25 feet of Ribes live stem per acre,
TABLE NO. 3
ACRES GROUPED ACCORDING TO AMOUNT OF LI Vz STEM
. AYTER ERADICATION
aah ggg of Acreage Supporting Ribes Live Stem
Fer Acre Not Exceeding
so test 25 Feat
a ae 1.4
Sag RRR T eRe PROEE O 0.0
A Sees i OB ol oo A 1.4
ae
It is apparent that only & very small part of the acreage
worked im 1931 is under the 50 feet of live stem per acre limit, It
is further evident that 42.1 per cent of the total area supports over
100 feet per acre. Table No. 2 shows that most of the acreage in
this latter class still supports large quantities of Ribes.
(4280
0 MEE q
]
| |
|
Nan | |
1 a {eet MI GOON woaNeDa Bar WO Ser WT 2 SIDA $ G75 SagIs Gq
1 You Tudo #94 S
|
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all Hotd WoL Sg 2hs “tasY o2 aa 2 }
{ \Zaiveg’ Lt saky eae ]
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WH 7 y
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Li) aitogqne Jadt-asqyt Lia dis eecyt basiga .eqys mmetie to egeineoteg i
i (Wt es tse made ert i wad 25 Yo toot 88 brn 03 90. [ beenga of ton 4
HL ea a! E
SO :
ui pm me
Wea |
| | Ny i wate Bet 1 4O. maUOwA. OT oi Preteens aes @muog9. eauDA
Vl init I PEO aia
| ij | Hh , 4
i i H}i | Pa a =e agra retin MeecepbhLahterra> nian Ate 10 tsematinrtag tira inannabasaibeliitigs tnitiaeeties - q ‘
| He ede av it adh pt hagor ip seca Feo egaineo tos | | i j
LT |
| i |
ane | |
ib) HW
i id
| Hk
Wi, 4t dtmtl etos teq mode ovif to gest Ce ond ysbar et feOL at bestow
HH i) “evo attoggsa sete feted edd to jase teq [52 jade saebive tedtist ef
WI il at egsotss eit te ¢eom fads swore & .of sidaT .stos teq feet OOL
Hy tl eneetos bat to Sag lene yisy & eine tate sneteqgs tl it
£ sedid to seitkianvn agisl advoqoure (five aealo tedial alda
|
|
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ae a
Fehae ae
2 es nF ihe
af Oy | Gee ey |e
OGPRRARE VS jerhtls ©
Checking cost eaipaththatlin. tne. ck this unit were as follows:
Cost of che ek ae os eee GU so vbw es eins 8481.16
Acres COOMBE cate Crees pbk sees es aS a .9
apenas Sach pee ae $481.4 = $0,094
Protective Aesoeiati On Wag cont immer & 518
the
4
under the mipervision of the Divi wi a ‘
ccageration with the sa eo 5
unite were selected th wa Beg, eke a4 i
nreaes Tor contioutng ok eles
sper poh tey Pye
# ta ae thf
ese ON a
The purpose of the work was :
biieter runt by hand eradication ef Hives from the avers ae lected,
Ke
pyibeuw and Travpe
north ond rengec 3; 4 ea
Stogert exeniiernt atané
fareging the traie <f 5
mane cl a eb ro
imutances pres y
gene rnily ;
did not ecear ix ‘
She pe racnne i.
of Blister Bust Sentrol,
houge men,
ine to th - _
hand pulling methods ort
Hote styect ami wo)
and these hewi tenn thar
the Came YOte ate were Boge
18s
% tot shotteisgmos geon
Sis
mutts ea
% re
29 PEOW
Palen ord
BA IBD BAD
es epehhde
gaTtoA
ae
ap teva.
=—= — —=
— ————
= = = SS a ee ee =
2B PROTECTI VE ASSOCIATION
. { Hunter tisecker | Er 4
y i is A ¥
4 : 4 . j /
/ INPROpUCE
| J ‘ ee
Cooperative Ribes eradt, tion, on the Prie gt lake Timber
Se yet Association was continv din 1932,:The work’was performed
undér the supervision of the Divisiow of Biister Rust Control and in
cooperation with the State of Idaho, ‘The’ G6eribou and Trapper Creek
uni ts were selected by the*Tdeho State Pare eter es the mo at advantage ous
areas for continuing the Niclas control } pfoarem, nn
TIMBER PROTECTIVE
* ACH ‘
© 1
The purpose on-tné work wl te. loce? eontror-or white pine
blister rust by hand ee of Pye from the areas selected,
= < 2
j
]
The cart Bow’ “asa ‘Trapper bed torette cuntts. diate all of the
Caribou and Trapper Creek drainages and lie’within townships 63 and 64
north and ranges°3;"4end 5 west, Boise Meridian, ‘The areas chiefly
i support excellent stands of immature white pine, growing vigorously and
forming the basis of & splendid timber crop, The Trapper Creek aree was
moderate ly rough while the Caribou erea Wes very steep and in some
instances presented serious problems, #. Jacustre and B, yiscosissimum
were generally distributed over the areas; BR, inerme and. B. acerifolium
did not occur in sufficient quanti ty to ue of any importance,
:
3
The personnel consi sted. of one project leader from the Division
of Blister Rust Control, three a calp units, one pele and a waree
sciaie eu
Due to the Ribes apo li” dre sent rong work was done entirely by
hand ‘pulling me thods using two and thyee—man’ crews,
Both stream and upland typed were wid hreag-free of Hibes
and those having less than 50 feet of live’ stem pervacre were scouted by
- the ce boss and were blocked out irom the area to. a apeveree by the crews,
ge
=a
|
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& j
:
*
182
i :
if WOTPAIOOZEA AVITOSTORS ATQMIT SAI TeSISs JORTMOD JAD0L BVI TAMEqDOD |
H o
iN stantizal ,& resiel |
| ae +940 s7r0F we6laet 4
| | | KOITOUGOA THI
alla | yedmi? e263 ge eixd add no oo Naothere vedih-ewivareqcood ‘
we SH hentotreg aaw Xtox oct <SECL nt beenidnos asw nolisioosa’ ev itoesest 4
| ie at bas foytnc? tau yedefiG Yo meletvil edt to sotetvieque aft tebay |
I 4 deer? teqgart baa vodti2a sfT odabl Yo siege ant dtiw aolis1eqocs :
| el sucsgadcewhs teow eff 2a totgero% sts%2 onsbl odd yd hetoelee sien at ine |
ae watgorg Iougs0eo [gcol edd aniuntines 16% seer 4
\ \"} t 4 |
Bh Ni BHOW YC HROTIUG 3
ma yh ; . i
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1 He betoafees gsers off mort eadif te acitsothsre head yd teut ate lid an
' This i} 4
ZITA YO WOITSTAQGIY Gas WOTTAOGY
Se
SS a
i
Wal ed? ‘to {fe shelont atian exbivew Xeet8 tagger! bas sodired ed?
bil bd pos £3 eqidanvot atdéty eif bas eogaatsth dee1d xeaqget? bas rod ine
MND qiteisno esets ed? sathixe¥ ea tod teow G baad ,f aegnet Sas Adron
ih ! bea ylpuovogiv aniwoig .saiq odisw studemmi to ghusde tasileoze trogque
WA aaw sera deer) tscqatt ed? ,qots rodeld bthoelq: a to eleed oft gaterret
KW | I, exce af fra qoote prev eaw sore vodiral of? el tdw dayot yl eter obon
\ Wa momieateoogty 2 bee aatevpsl «2 amoldotg euofver: betaseetg esonaient
ital
|
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i guilotiqees 2 bes syzeat 2 isaets ed? reve hetodinielf ylieteseg ator j
il, jeonadioge! vase to ed of yd Naeyp tasiofltee af tuo00 fon bib i
A 0 a RO ra val
HPWH I THEMGIOVA GHA BGCRTM
jn | :
LAU notaiviGd edt movt vehael jostotq ase to betziesoo Lennenisq edt
MLA ooiae 2 hie tevfosg ans wating guao asmS serdd ,fostn00 Jas totalid to
WHT A: sas se rod
| A yw yleviiae each aaw srow oft dase cig saiooqa gedik add of oy. ; .
; ests satesardt? bas owd gates abond om gatifog Sead |
ay eedid to esi saeth ,beteor arew seqyt haslqy Bae maorse dtod
wy ud betyooe stew ates Teg mode evil to geet OF natt geel gatvad eeodd hae
\| | warn oft yd berevoo od od sere oct wort tro bevfoold etew bue secd queso edt ;
'
| Raw
Wee
f 4 ' '
:
3
|
a
swe
To:
Lh shoo.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
BLISTER RUST CONTROL
| PRIEST LAKE
|
TIMBER PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION
BOISE MERIDIAN
1926
| peo | _2_§ aie
]
SCALE
LEGEND
WORKING UNIT NUMBER
UPLAND AND STREAM TYPES
| be) WORKED
© ARiBES INFECTION
YEAR OF RIBES ERADICATION
A 1928
B 1931
Cc 1932
COMPILED FROM
FOREST SERVICE MAPS
BREN BY CC. ee NG
ND H.L.WHITING
SPOKANE, WASHINGTON
ANNUAL REPORT 1932
HJ. HARTMAN
To
ANALYSIS OF COSTS
. ry Perens
Sees pombe thane cas ea aneame Ce yon es e) 4 ¥
| por East" weed, SOFVD sec eceececsstseweatansetinncecsetecatenns 0 Bo2D
Total cost. ‘of Pi alta, Re ne ee $e
© Total number oo. man BBY Se e+ none ehe 456 y a
Weeds year 1932, yies) af 30,
“Petal yer 1958 pertot re
Grand RCW o u.ecie-sin ee ene 65 64.000 da eee eee D Mn
|
| . B7200 WO BIevtAMA
i | ~ Lom Giear ..
WOLTAR”G) FO T2009 YO 21@YAWA GHA TusueTATe
1 tI 7 ag T r 4
iit ee a co 2
.
Has |
Hi i |
ne P|
\f | S
aly ‘
| He
ball |
t i | | |
sea | L naveas
j ii [26 BOC
|
\ OF OSG Goce. cae c wees cc ccnccrcunccscccencnceces fO0NGSR tadina to #200 Lato? i :
A = ‘ . i
| BBO OS ane ereocecceseccces HOVIGe elsem 1edmul e
RSG esl nate alalwlareiclelarsia, «ale Se. Ta asd oaie ate wins ielaraieie avetely crete Oe igen teoa sgatevs
i Val agi evivooti® 199 Jeo) 99 trogsod to tuemetsde =
| OL Ome gObG css e sas sacea ya paeenandad He6 4-000 deen ee ae OLE MENeS to feos {ateoT ol
ih | BED Pec eee ee eS Kam svyitoette redmya Lasot |
ih | ED Oct aiat ian’ gi clain ea. a: GW. oleae 5 wae ms aieia ete eb a ealeie lain ee Ra RSM evisostts 1T9q $200
. : acbiged? 2o trod
ai VEU Re ae ee Oks Foe RE aa bees soibin kaw eine ORaNnS to Se Loqxs bre qraleé
SRI ona aa aralg stale oc 8 6 oladie s1dlance d oldin. dc dota ad a laitaere’ s Gre OL ee Oe to eoneds fa dire
Hl Hh) ad OCA wa a aiul aia Siw 6.4, 0.a7 are. alele ave otal ele: & aves olate wate ate'ale-al pamlateieiw ais. a:aTais aivreie ania istoT 4
sO, & Sr ea-uv sas u's wal seule asieis aou.e kee noth Ghee LOOOLL Seal aris S198 To aod 4
hi | $2 oo OB, at ee) Se\O8\auge\i\s bo hreq “(Stel TASY {soa IT Bs
} Mh } 6 eb Gi eeenvesese eeoenrec aes to ave 7 oBE\LE\EnSE\I\F bo freq fel TASY Leoe Lt £
A ahi ke etre ane acu ec 4 dla "a's 51 atte once wele aeea Cee paetoO
W.107€, Generel view of upper Trepper Creek drainage, Priest Lake Timber Protective Association, O-3C year old stand of
Western white pine, Ribes occur chiefly alone streams and ridces,
W.1078, Portion of same stand as shown in above picture,
the oven reoroduction stands,
Annual Report 1932
H. J. Hartman
Exceptional area in thet Ribes occur only sparsely tnrougnoue
M4
Oi
el
a a en
co
——— es
--—— -- — - - -
> ees
tT WR Neha rte ora sey
afeomeranes
+ een cor ¥ Siineme ney Heeted : ianenieriGenoneechnheet cael Sus ans
Ki] a “pea ; Se
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os 7 i ot
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Cnr RE din OO OREN AE sag uloioh
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FONT A ORG) PONTE IAMS Cen eT AON
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+: Saree eer coe see a)
i.e ee ear 4 Sane Reet & i
4.) ee OE SORE
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NO eS LR LESTE DO AERO Cs NEE! AE EM CLL EA ODIO LOO ALR TE
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= - eT saess los “Tes Ps
ant £ ace osiat [Tes da SACeL [ELS ab | cen nin nme
Lats 1808 ees aot
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aac weep Bid 4. = ‘A QE i = Sol says Pe Ren pe Ae Sd Apes po : ths 4 {
| av pee ascii ete [west | mass |
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BS ik BS&, S52) Fas. {so it? wi Too! 2088 | JMR base, (7 Sie 23aut. ifAl
ae hte A ee
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— _
a ——— —_ ——— =-— ee a ee ——S— = ———-~- + —-— ee Sa
a RE Ce . =e = es et ee ee ee = SSS ——— == a Ss
—-_ = aS — = = =.= SSS Sa a SS ——— =
= ————— == = —_—= SSS ———eeE ee = = ——- a
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== SS a ee a eS — =a aaa
——— ee ————— ———————————————————————e ee eee — See SS
PHI E Nie Ag SONY aie S cl ON
During the summer of ‘1982 Doctor E. BE, Rubert found a Ribes
infection on the Benton Creek drainage’ of the Priest Lake Experiment
Station srea which lies within:-the boundaries of the Priest Lake Timber
Protective Association, The repid spread of the rust is certain, and
every possible effort’ should be' made to inerease the operations ed 2¢ to
complete the initial Ribes eradicat ton over ny @rea at the
ear est date possible, ” y ome OTe aor in LOSE
, a aan a) ee we tpe PeAGeL
the i933 work oa the Worth
Ps oar gQenl erules Im tbe Gate BER hv Ba e 3 ph res
whore | RAbRe Gradient? om enc done dn i928, 2 4 ner ont chad? exe vada
~~ 03, . Re. a . ? Pie kt aie he
am. Wabie Fo, 2 the Bihee ax
rm a nwt > Dane 4 ¢ + gee eae ip eRees, 2 wee ye Ys Se tie ln et i
are SUG sR any ay Me SOY Seen D7 Ne ast © ESGWES «
SSS ee aS
—- ——_— - —
a ee
a
= =z ~ e
SS
ee
“
Vx
renee Yeh oe Rad wan) if as fast fe
Rap byes tt Si] 4 :
aN TAGE ; Oe
peat e bayot erady® We. .F tetodt seer "Yo Teemerg OAS a0 Prod
tremivegx? Gad? Jagin® ad% ‘te i ar bat 6 sees) nedmed odd ac so tfookrs
cadet? aval geetxd od? Yo egtisbaced edt whl is eet tio tiw se1s glare
ats to bastge hiquy eaz od giooged aviigatord
ote de@tts afd igeog yiove
igiziat eds eteiqmoo
aga -ftiadyso of. ter
fae os anolisroqe Bit Seaetoet of aban ed bir
+ ja aera motistooe2e 4 adt seve sottaoibete eo tk
Uy nts
~ioinsog stish te eilixse
| Healt a APD DERRY MAIC TION. Pal ApLoN, EALiSE LACH RIMBER EROTSCEIVE
ee
‘Bs Gi: ibe:
- duntor Forester
— the. Priest. Lalte tinber Proteetive: Assoelabion a total of
22, 331 daies waa checked. Of this total 8,194 acres were worked in
oy orm aeres in. isl, and 974 acres in 1928,
olive. 1932 work ou the Trapper and Cariveu Greek drainages and
the 1921 ‘work on the North Fork. of Kast River drainage were given -
2 per art cruise. On the third area,s portion of the Biz Creck drainace
where Aibes: eradication was done in 1923, a 4 ad Gent check was made.
dn fable No. q the RAbes per nite after eradicotion in 1932
are ‘shown aby types for each of the 3 Same 2 a5
YR
“aay Le Sekt hah _ouh ae zany
a leore et roiaart ‘
%o isto? « note loonady #9 phenstos F nodal 3 asimsd penbet ott £0
at besivow crow eotec: PEL, b Ievot #26e % . .belottio Row aetiot hoe
882s ah aerse SFO bcs . Ohh eotes Sai Sk shart
toed sodkieO bres tegget? ed? so tace SCL at.
vow Yasties® tevil sane %o Het dtcoW add ao attow reer gad
eestor door? uli odd to aokitog 6.4078 acti edt #0 seatero {ned Tq $
Bhan weve ats toon seq * » 8SAL af omob mart Mod tiwothess vedi stele
eear et wotdegfhare tetls ots tod nodi® od £ of ofded at
ss
comes & ois to does Tex ws acy ¥d awoke OTe
O@L
PRR GENT CHECK
> * . a : : ve ate nr
Ra ¥!
1. [hs Bu. L.5.
ae |
CL ee
Dit Re SoBe: i sa ERM
i
:
oe at
H- egligible or less than 0.5. m
Gheckers included variations in types not recognized in Ribes eradication
methods. Bh. a?
8
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om osutiiabiiies panetienonenense
aoe me hee nt OL OD A OT
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ad : a} gat a ro CH tet Gol ie} SH COR | aR - tt a Sel 8 i
; : 7s $ i ¢ r OR i of 8 : fF 5
ot ; if + | ‘ 1 4 Se Bory | H of a
mi UE SESGESEEee eS ie ae Bad pid dd
333 1 } + ip te ; woo ff fj i : ¥ nO 5 z= §
a i Pi EEL ES Fi bphip hid Aidt =o es
Best 4 f-> § oe! we Ge ae es Se aera Vannes ie man arcade
aoktaokbiveca eatin
fable No. 2, which is derived from Table Ho. 1, shows the
percentage of stream type, upland types, and all types that supported not
to exceed yt 60 and 25 s dived Hives live stem Lan ACS.
that a ca ‘Laree “asliags of the
‘feet per aare bub only: @oout 55
= fe ae nal ind Ag chiefly dye toe | oO
wting 100 feet of Ribas: per sere that was
not sovihed beomase it 4s believed that the natural reduation of Ribes
by egy "aa rapidly a to-mitertally reduce this amount
of — stem.
ay «SSE S he ra hi ee hae z
Pale: we. BS anoe re Gp hb Winds per acke on thie area one
year after eradiention.
Serco &
60 ant 25 feet
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4
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som bagxecewe dads escys Lin Sas ,keqy baniqn ,aqyt maotda to ogsinenteg
on 18g meda evil gedih Yo geet &S baa CS COL heonxa of
$08 wear
HEPA MENS BVI tO 2PRUGwA OF Gia GIGuORe SAAOR
pc nh tN rca aN aa FA AA LL ALLA LLIN phere eatin nas! ETS A NORA ED
BOETAL AGAR
RN AA LOMA NO OI sesh ee Mie EA A PALE LALO IN ema men S enmtepie Wp nwee
lmaia ovdl aedgil £328 agaci92 to dxo9 teh)
_.eabboens! tot. wth me Soo lt
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3s | gest 08. }
a en ean ne rn acca aaa pseite hoesn tos)
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ads tp exeteemter swiel tev a dadd trye'e ef #2 SB .o8 olde? wt
38 ¢erodacyiao 220 e%OR “TOG jest OOS aadt esol ettoqqua satorss Isteod
to otasmpe eatal 2 cd enh ~ftebio ef ath® teed G2 cadd eval -daso. 199
now Gade acon cog eadapoel aeche %e geet COL aaidueqee sodas. etude
sada to woftoubex Iacedan end sate beveiied ef 32 sduaned Bedtowet sos
Jouous ehdd enoket yllabioiam os domes tibiges evotgota Iifw aetbades ya
| sabte evil to
ero Sota aid? ao een tag aedlB add neq? ye wots. of. eidat:. ;
mottaotbats etta’ tay
{i}
TABLE NO, 3. a
Hib
RIBS PER ACRE AWZER ERADICATION ON ACREAGE WORKED IN a
~., 493k, 2 POR CANT OHECK ) HY
Ribes Left 22 Acre
Ali S5celes |
Fs. Bu. [¥.L,3.|/Bu. |¥-b-3.|3u. |?-L-5-|_ Bu. Wet
till
BN tat
| ad
Mi
|
if
| | |
M - Wegligibie or less than 0.5. Nal
Checkers included variations in types not reeocmized in the |}
Ribes ersdiestion records. |
Table No. 4, derived from Table No. 3, gives the pereentece of
stream type, upland types and all types that supported not to exceed 100,
_ & and 25 feet of Kibes live stem per acre. | ey
TABLE WO, 4 |
ACRES GROUPMD ACCORDING To AMOUNT OF LIVS STAB AFTER ERADICATION
" “er n ,
| YOO Veet |... 50 Feet _| ge 2 CE
Sean et pment Ett wctloyes worn oars bee os actin, BY LB ee ceo
ae FB Fo oe Pe mpenraatn — — peewrennenens = Ft
UDLa TG SE 2 : pO. 4 ; 48,4 pat
Per Gent of Acreage With Ribes Live Stem a
Comparing Tables No. 4 and Wo. 2, it is seen that the 1921
worked aren had 11.7 per cent less acreage in the 100-foot per acre
classification but 9.7 per cont. more in the S0-foot. The difference in
the amount of acreage in the 25-foot class was only &7 per cent in
favor of the 1932 work.
In 1928 Ribes eradication work was done on a total of a, 467
acres in the Big Creek and Fox Creek drainages. As a study of the Ribes
Conditions on this area 4 years after eradication, a 4 per cent check
was made of 974 acres. Table No. © shows the results of this check.
In this table it is notable thet 75.3 per cent of the aren had
not over 50 feet of Ribes live stem por acre and £4.7 per cent had 25 feat
or less. ‘This indie¢ates thet the present protection status of the 1928
work is better than that of either the 1921 or 1932 work in the Priest
Lake region.
TABLE WO, 5
RIBEs. PRR ACRE , 4 YEARS ‘AFTER ERADIGAVION ON TRE HE AREA WORKED IN
1928, 4 PER Cin? CHECK
Ca a ee
o Bu. ¥..8.|Bu. Fel. 8. aE? 8.|Bu.|F:L.3. _|
Costs
The checking cost computations for the Priest Lake Timber
Protective Association area are as follows:
Cost of checking................ Caen $341.42
Area reported in eradication report.....17,366
Average cost per acre for checking
27366 = %$,020
|
|
!
|
|
|
SUSIE FOR WL RP ee TR Bil RY wid §
Areas worked in pea lhe ‘1928 (training camp) 3
Salaries (21 ia eae, t,t
Expenses. .... -FWURGRUTRA GR. ee oes 115. 24
Subetatemees 0065. es ies 3s: See
rt oer ine (charged: to. pysden tty 2): Phe DS, 74....
ape Cs 3% “Bia a8 Mik ttierad over oene 78
whieh pine Aven reported. 4. eradication report 1931 = 11,068 ..
in the vtanee parted 11928. end, chonked: dm 1932, >, mtn OLS,
Pie bes mek » Letal area che checked. 2 "leuewm ooirepater “Peart v4 5, 12,042
2
of the ma! 1.0 pexagiel.weste pur ners for: ehetetne dL. 26 80.209 -
Oy ®
Deductions were made fromthe total training camp costs for
scouting and checking of the Savenac nursery. The latter was conducted
_ bY, for, mit dang the net: Tow days of the: training period. sone
& wehdi f. i
4
BR 3 eg :
hi y Shey a 4 Gor ay 4 2,
BPE bins ak ‘oe ren *4
Sey aut em” sh] a > in 3 fas Ba : a xee3
« # Mk so Bigueet,
AY CAG Bhs De? ie fon €
we 2 b> Ae a LB &
cs sail NL asa Seth a en " aoe, ie 2 i!
y Wii ae eas ESE. FS kee ideas > Rete HERE F a. ose $
sae
os ty, £
eo ihn 4 4 Gs ied 2 Ss Ss Oe se § pe ai
i , Bog is. Pa ae %
one ted? $- Ene Ft owe ‘ ? ¥ ite 7M ae i e
Bboy on FS ole mit wee ea - toe
Cae Wes WL Eh oe Mire are an ;
a a
cor PP Re cw ‘ ee =e . * sa
& OF COR? S ) teke G2 Bems sis Sa eee ee B5aes
a OO if ry
4: M ;
BR ye
a
Fs
i F Bie
4 (omas “pgintevt) 88°f baa I60f af baaltow aaoth
Perr rr _»». (xom IS) aeftalaé
OS GIL .n-cecsccveannes rere Tee asenaqnd
4A ee ..+,-. Onasteleduc
BY Sf f@ (S.2 dootorq of Soytado) LegoT
a = A PP)
Ii atisr et & «
£30,ff£ = lef dxoqet moltsotbars af bettoget ‘Mats
BOs = SSCL wht Berloesto bas b50L ak bealtow goth.
$0, 8F Sy id eke ae .... beteedo seta Iatel
@OL.0% bY SiG.L% salipeds t6t st98 TWHG Jans epete vA
S60,81
ast efeco qmes aatatetd Iatot add moukt ebam ate eno kioubed
ue
begorbeos sav tettal eff .ytes tant aerevae edt to anhioelo bas sativoos
soltey satalard efg te eysb wet teal sci uatirh mom astot yd
Pe. 4 ae et aps “a ne
Cd aay ‘SY "a
se ._ Fuator, Forester :
tee me sees
jaan ae previous. years-has shown +nke whe ‘rust on ©
Ribes ‘ér eee As beattered over practically the entire Inland limpire
which pine The most. serious invasion of the disease has occurred
in the south ‘part of this regiom coineidental with the occurrence of
Ribes > petiolare. “Seouting ia 19$2 has. shown, that the-region just north
of the pe Ry Batiolars zone Tas a Hed ‘seattered nine infeetion
cente
; i al f oh
ee Fre pra ws e
ae . er * Re ed 5 -
rt o> * i ah mde a,
a 3 fe Rar a : ed hy a
vt purpose of seoubine is to determine the extent. ond s Antonetty
of the a | coe cy ee
Ou! ks 3 #: a ; S =
ie | j 3 ren A ; } i ei : : f
5 AA ‘ pieepipe tn ee Rises oO Se, pa haan r ‘“ Freeh, SDipecons yeanitearent <3 ts a
C4 bone j ee a tps tmet mtn. ech Senge bossy a: ws % J Bch: ated 5
poy i A eae “& “a 4 x on iG oe Sb % ve: Pi. ie 2 C iy. oe
“| S| Th 1932 syatomtie sobuting was ‘oandulted' da. the Kanteen. bia
ont G@'Alene ational Porcsts. Random Secuting of otlier north Idaho forest
63 wee performed throuchout the $@ason by both the ‘permaneat: and
seapormry ane she be > mo bia with their peepee care ts. > pe
Be Pry Ps Bs: : : c 1 , * “ .
aby en, : Be i Gren ae
a — i “pads | I eg
e ae oe : be
See
al Fidei bas to 1932, e totel. of a gine infcetion centers. haa been :
located in the Inland Empire, TY of. ‘whtoh probably originated in 1923, ~~
the year in which the disease ent ered this regions | “The location and data
for caéh of the 61 aor? = aes on ee 178 ae ive ‘et the: ee Anmal -
Report... f ir fit ; Ce it ik ie BS
ii
om
1 1932, Yona sal Gaeaae vavdalaiee Sands i one of witdh >
wichitinanal™ n ‘jez Tims the total known’ a Infection centers we now 7
and the total that otetnat ge in 1923 fe * ie
fabls No.2 1 ig a favelation of the Loakéicn and ae « for each: ng
the 16 centers found in 2. is
xi ‘i 4
®, o byt i Cs fe
ae 4 i ut oe “
in 4s at tk fi i
‘ * ‘ ? % sa
ef ec Be ‘ as : a
1) } ys F ¢ H i “y } is
eis ee eee
Pty i i i g oe
a " ; M ; ” ; a |
He + > eS s & ch
EMS,
——= == -=
ee
ei TQuii QEAIKE WUT ME TUR MPSTA SOT YMTTIOOS
sg oe
tou aF2,2°"
sojestet tolawt
WOLDOLGOSLME
wo geut totekld ted? twode gam wiser, ato byetg Bait Salsso0e
erfomi Saalni ettine sia yifastiesig t3V¥o bevedtace ef renkg me TH agd fh.
petruose ead semestd of? “te aofeowat exebree fecet 3a? .netact enig dotdw
to some riseed ght Hate fetnebfantes nofyory ata’ Ye taq wisddsor ead . a2
a4vren tent moteex odd tadd ewoda ead SHPE st antywosd: etalotion aadle®
cotisetat ant Leteftaca wel set wor ones sxeioiteg. vi sian edd To
HOS BITS THSG
1 age
‘ J N n es Ge aa A ‘ + a r sing fas, Bay “yp wi : r
vsieneint faa dhesxocadd satenetob codysk aattacss to seogeegy 982 cot ve
= .eaeeth ef3 to
Kectevat es Be Teenen?
are _BOPTasGe
hes srevinex edd ao Sevoubnoo aaK aniszoos ofiamdeys sseof al
horet odabi déiem toile se seiguons mabass etestot Leactiak eno lA’ h tse09
ins taonameq ois diat Yd norase acs grodexotdé bemrtotiec 3s% eOets
wiremegines te lirget sfod? dita noltomm[saco of com yretoqmed
reed bed evetres woftootet snty {8 tc Isto? 8 Sel oF 20 Pret Ss
Ser gf beteatzicze videietd cote to £f ,ottons breeInl of? of botasol
stab bean mobtsool sat = .o tet gins Sovetae oemeath of? tio liw mi ta0ey oft
lesncd INCL aid To OY oF AYL smsa wo morte at evedzen £6 edt To doses 40%
trocell
dati to ano ular baot etew awdass fanotdibaa af wPEOL al
cS wor ef wisdned selvostal esl een fated of asmiT .ES@L al betantalie
Gf at SSei at Sedantatto ged? Intod oft bane
to doa cot adh Dam meksanol oat To noizelodat « ef I ot oida®?
SOL xf basot etedaed af add
Se eet ed
~ AEE Lhe ecad' T248M
aes eae es wd@eT) “Si °N| “S88TD
oes Ge arte el “20%
| ; : = ad ayy 24
2 “‘Gp-it) | Fe Stile [Nop] = “40 29zenn]
me at Lo phen satin
i a 2) Grit
Stipe “Sete |ie-ozet
| *dOue'y “STA HET
itd
Restos 2.
‘syary -aed-Kf
Sie SE
ee a Raab
cuuGe auras nol tozauh wag |
mem ii Soe re a oo a ee
ee ; a z cee ae = te saodae f=
Bstats caeh
a sodif . __
At. SRS LOE zai sn natn BP. ~ ae
—— eS ce ee no conga qe eremeiereinaeeipsaine 7 semen ar. aS a:
;
‘
pet lets
i. ait L.dos
‘ee fish ais
\ 9 962 ES a 9 ee
i. = i888
psaated | do yaaa | ats
1-4 Loja
eer ge i. Fi
paths hoa TS-6S° at
Ee
—. joueies { wadglt Neatewree log
ab sa | Ob-f fide & | go OL: as ov tae 3
$e ps Sennen ee
ee oe an erg’
ae vee
[ef eih_ «2 St
aDae 5% teat |
Rian |
Bt Jenage iss eshsdlslis the
oe ren erent em
jet
iatt a thes aclibsh ip tanec
one: [le ia rere £2 xeott|
err eee _|_ decal <SEiSS area
Saran 2a Ke- By Ar $23 ac |
oe
pr sae AS ee x0 me tanclinaljemodees 82 |
ic ay wit ,
ab geen | sarasmamente
~pidsd Soca |
ad tanned
wt tel anthe! gL. TLi8 mrs
,
“ Wet Ct! £3 S| wily é US. fe OF ae 881
i GaefS] fs 7
uh [00a Bi 0S OL 5 sie! re
Eis sedswseet2 !
- tegal SSel me Te ore. ar oor!
taet 105 sa
x pObakL fe Ok ae » g
- "281.8 sal ie
aS ae Bae go om
J a8 eo ae ae aoe nt Es
net afi ied “ie ee tS ss sate
TEs ae a nee & .
Ae Leen
It is seen from Table No. 1 that five new centers were found
on the Cocur d'Alene National Forest. All of these are outside of the
region in which 2. medica, eeretts cass this region were found 11
_ new SPE sents oe
sa “Daring cr summer a See portion of the. Kanikgu National Forest
gg spi dae ‘Lake ‘Maber Pretastaee pomtes ay area was scouted. Wo pine
vo Sheet and only one Ribes infection was found, that being on a single
“Leaf of B. viscosissimum. This cer eeesen was located slong Benton Creek
@ast of the Benton Ranger Station. — ™
It is evident: ‘that within t the R petiolare region pine infection
centers are abundant and rapidly increasing fn number. In contrast, on
the Coeur d'Alene National Forest, ‘immediately adjacent to the BR. petiolare
“region, there has been found a otal, i ia eevee, eae farther north on
the Kaniksu. National Forest, none. eure
Raikes infections were found in two localities where 1t has not
‘been located previously. One is along the Palouse River in the Palouse
Division of the 3t. Joe Nations] Forest and the other is alone the Lochsa
River near the Powell Ranger Station on the Selway Wational Forest. The
following is a list of the points outside the general region known to
have abundant war) ian ts, where Rihe Anfections were found in 1932.
a bk,
ott ; he South Fork ef vee puiiase Rivers %. @ “ae ° 2. 2 w.. Sec. 22,
oe odnfeetion on BR. lacustre. - :
. South Fork of the Palouse cinta ze 42.6. Rc ka, Sec. 26.
i aetoetion ome — Ie
4 ES ¥ ds
: sora south ork of ‘the Palouse River, % 428.4. 2W., Bec. 26.
- agen xeon Torah
SPP 33. 18 SS
a. Lochsa nieone Re e Mi » R. 14 Bey See. SO. Infection on Re
. + a f..3? W.. Re U4 Bix See. 36. Infection on R. potiolare.
headt exow etsdaeo wea ¢vit dadt I ,o% aide? sozt xsea at 31
att Yo ebletwoveta veedt<to TTA ,teenot isnctial oasié' bh tae00 edd Bo
If bast stow moiget etd aldgi¥, .e10D80 aralotten iA dotdw af aofget
2 ie ie ged wer
sugxod Innottal wastes’ edd to mossgog eyiel = temawe od wer bag
exter of. .hetvots 2av gots colgakacsed, avigootott godmtt eoiad taolxS bas
ofnate » so anied tad? . beret sew nobtsetat zedil exo ylao bas cohgootat
waatd sotned gapia betevel aan noksoetat gid? . eos to Yael
aciie’g wweyaek gods’ oft Yo Jase
acttoetat eniq sotyet exalatiar «i oxy nidgiw decid dacbive af 31
fo .temrteos oi eodenn nt orfesexoat yliiqat bre jaehaoda gia etedueo
atafotien .ff..ens of joeoet be ylatalbenunt ~teorok Laantte® ene Li" sug 09 okt
no dies todd tet, Dia neves yoo to Iesos & ferot cood gad @redt ,golgzet
o> eam , fo 10% fenctiak® weiined sat
ioe vad 32 ovetw solikinoot ow? at hoot orev ecoffsetat endif.
eavoia’t eat of uevit esmbiad ott apecia ster ~¢lemeivesy betacol ssed
pexood eff swole af tedie ens fein Seenet [enoitak aot .ft edt to noke ty fC
edt deetot TauctiaW yawiet eid fo splial® ce2ceR {iewed edd is0u “teP iE
od vend’ moines Terenas oft. abhedue atntoqg’ edd Te geti a at ottkwo [Lo%
“Sef gt bavet wrew anotioetal aedih evade aoliow tet sakg foabards eas
taste% Snsokial aux tied
A te sobtestal, .d5 .908 » Weds Hh. HBS if yxeet? godnod oe
tore’ [anotiad eok_.t8odt tonoletrtd sanole?
Oo .998, HR OSS sPaecr lt aquoisa sft Yo sitol ddwoe Pe
wopteeesl «2 &o aofiowtal ~
at pet ,.WR dis EGP Gh marl onmoles odd Yo ToT Hoe m3
ane -oitent .& so solsoatal
Be owe ,.8) 8) 2 4.8 cat evil eg so lae wl? %¢ axo% divod. .&
outent .& to aoticetkal
* jaazo'l [anotialt venlee
: ~ etaloLieg
fatten .ff so netépotal 88 .ook HA A.W E..F reve sedood oS
scars
Sait S25 eae ee eo
Se
a} q
did a we
ome \ aw
» BeRSEea BUST. ea eas LB _BASEE RRO:
Blieter rust control. activities in Washington were contimed
ag a cooperative project betweén the Bureau of Plant Induetry and the
Washinzton State Department of Agriculture. There is given below the
smendment to the basic memorandum of ‘understanding, which was drawn up
to cover the cHRERETO ENE work for the. jecoiale year 1933, a SEANRERE Sse’ f
bad : 1 Soon herd ecncen sek convisted of Biles erect aetius and. weeredian
Sheecing of tee Bi Tt ee ie ie Tad Pye wht sae mage By!
ack ake Bn anttetion wa
jee bebcthd OF TATED ear cere iihheay oF PLA®! INDU visite
masuIA To _sraré Sapaetieee ie A } IGUL TURE
r ontrolling White Pine Blister Bast ie Washington,
th > gpg ap alnavittna Mn REELS + get that the memorandum of under-
amen Wetween the United States: ‘Department of Agricalture, Bureau of
‘Plant Industry and the Washing ton State Department of Agriculture effective
July2,- 1927; to eontinue in effect until June W, 1928, oe way be contimed
im full force and effect in all its provision for the ‘iscal ending
June 20, 1938, with the excent toa eee. oe ee Witch shalt
be- ‘$0 Feed fas follows: au site Pie ee &
OG Gee Lawad re Bing ele RORECE SPER He Les te nea a ;
prob 0 IY J Rin tit maior ie seaside tate ‘ettese”
Taly 1h 1932," ‘end continue in woreck. Sarr dime 2, ss, ‘orovided that ©
either party: 1 mate the agreement at any time by a written state-
ment to that effect” 20 days in aavanee AF Bc mate af pecainnts desired.
et BS TSS Pee Bie y
yeni B60" Phat’ for the fiscal ee: ral ‘ 9950, Yo tine! 0, a aki aia
the Washington State Department of Agriculture Ae ‘expend abgut © **
$4,000.00 andthe’ Federal Governinent in behalf of ‘the United States =
Department. of Agricul ture, Bureau of Plant’ er about- _—. se tat * am
eo
pe Be
chamnd Sees tie Seay eee gator eS SN ee OL
elias semeee< s 7 ews et ‘pad lee b's % SRS Se OES Pee Hike a
eve Bt at al. ad Ene esre ye Be! : x :
et ioe, Reef pete i= ie ingooemae a ge ap EET a oe javigtears
April 19, 1933. Wm. A. Taylor oe Ae REO REDS RDO SUT Om
Chief, Bureau of of Plant In Industry, U. 8. De A.
SBD
(4938
MOPORINEAN WI EHOW JOMTMOO Wey AMTeLIE
r tek? so oF re ak sser*” : as oh ik iy:
Kaamtdncs sow’ nodseindaw nf netytrt¥hs fettnos ¢evt Yedef ta
edt bes yitexsbal toald to weet ede asewted Joelota e¥itetedoos & Bs
eds. woled sevis ef atedt _ ott Tem Parga to tremgrsqed ofeve nod paride st
ay mwarb esr dotdy , anisnatereSnr ‘0 muybittiomen stesd. ‘end, of, taombuoma
I yiirt sathnetaed S88F rgoy teber? oils cot Seow evttar-qnos Sy soveD of
. OT Re MOELSSLGK Gh + REO RANE ROS peel
pa am fe, Bee he me We ao) ge SO
ets a
eke
Le te sues
Pee LS RN RS er a ae
DUIGHAYETAMU FO MUCMAROMAM
arr ot Br ee ay Ge ee
“Sel Sigh ovEeipette 2.
vaseuttel Sh uld x0 thoe " SRUDAUD TOA TD TRAE gurare Garam ae
AIOVIUOT AVA TO TRUM TTG RATS WOT VTMEAW
Hotynitics? af geet xevetle onkt eoidF gist fYowgnod” mt fro, syitezsgqood
be ae 7”
fébetr Yo mubassonen edt gate oetse yifevtom fembtotebar of”
to pRotrk .etwd ieeteRa to’ deoreraget setait hatin’ aft seswied untinete
gvitsette sti teolrgé to tnomitace’ etet? codanides¥ edt brs viderbal tants -
hommbsnos a¢ Iisde ,200f .0& saut Ittay sootte nk seebinod od (SSCL f-vint
aaibnae taey Isoett aft so% enotatvorq ast Lis af Jootie baa egotot L[fvt st
Leta’ Hokie 850 Soa ToD eitqersatad: to mo £fqooxs ede dite ,260r 2 ent
sewolfet en Sesx of bebnome od
fostte mist (fede sobhaadstebasr. te axbxacoment & kid Fete TAO Jit. ;
jedt bebive wm Rel , env) [tins fnetts at sunkinoo bas coel .f ysl
~ofase asitiiw o ye emit yas oe jnsmeetne odd pt enters) yee ydteq todd fe
botiseb achiasiates to etab edt To eonsebhs kb aye OS goerte dads of saem
ROOM Gs. enst vd ,SBAL Lf yvfyt teey fapeit ond tot Pad? 829.6
tyoda beaqxs [fiw etwtinotrgé Te dain dao”. eee wotantdaaW odd
ealat® betint! edt to tiaded af toomirtevod Iq@tebel ed? bana 00 .000,a¢
wt K.0O0 Ts saods. ers vin lL teolS ‘to seo , emrtinetyya to thomtiaqe’
tot Bebivew atstod wrow ent aitiw noksoennos
pay 20% ASST Eee
todnet..1 8 e80l ti thre
rn an a acmerne hw Ti a
OT SEP patewbed deel Eto. baete® ,XebAs eno
The. murpose of. this portion .of..the progran, was to, complete
‘eradication’ 6f Ri ws over an area sufficient to insure protection to
the designated white pine stands on the basis of what is now known
“Wegarding the width of protection zone necessary.
Ribes: eradication 1 was
BS oak sepinrot aah
Ca EEVRTAS
BHAT LAO} PAUOM ,CUTTIVERIA Lon TOD “WEUR aavElsE
| va
ty ‘yoda : re Mi tial eal ya ioe pep aa ER
toseetol tolm ppar hs
Ay
a a NM Cale Te a m ie fe
f Bn ROG Spe ae A eae
sy Ff 2 2 Sg are i #2 sad verte ae
‘ i Woes oud a3 Bo de te byte $e Of. See ee
anbute Savnfiaos etoe ,CEUL a? Sedsidtal ,eeftiviise tte eoes
soltsothoree: bas cotisothers eodti to Begaianes bas aoueen bfeit Sher edz
wetatié satg sfidw rot gotéwons .dzom seitaotbere eediat ed? to galioedo
Sore eso ao yowtse aolfestat as bas test
Sp AE ER oe ar ne spn Sa nly
qiaveensn sit botlouse Loxtued dani teyell€ te nolalvid edt |
_steldivigde savdi 20 Lila. xok wetsivtecim tetenem, =|
at} steigess of now moxpotg att To aeldteg eid? Lo secqimy ent |
ot wokdvetorq wumenl of tnelotiiue sets ae Tov0 eal ii te soktaotbate
swcad wom at getw to sized oAs, ne Brande pat wt iin hotammteeb old
! Stings stot aeidoadorg, ip cable al? aatiocoget,
need autash eaets eetdt Ho homers 199 ase. noliaathero, god LS at. Oo eowt
botoigmes need Sat nottsetbats eedif Latttat tad¢ Serebbereo paw of dywoddlé,
ext Suetxe of Gebined tedel esw dt .aots teoToT sevflti-eitmeuod edd mo |
sete. sd} 10 molsasias as of arolacg of ssonetant ompn at ogog moltoeretg
sevis, cesd pad sexs efad So aetightesah sae wotsanol, es? Aatoetotg of of —
| , ee ete usu, eeTeget eamdvetg Al»
era moldeotbars aedii Latdiat tot betanyized sesis wan ows eft
sitivo? weet ybauN ods 20 .,nuote ofands. das. stiiwes waved: ybees eat es mons
gga To gia0y. 0-6 ante eticy axetgew To ewmne. UOT, 1 vlodamizenqua ets:
songs xamtio an uldaetegge ef enlg edicw mete. end te soidseq ogtel a Tove.
onig edite dqeome avlgsiegey ea edtogae Yiletenes hae eptame ef Lhoeedto'
gntou stom eld to owes dad Hawete edd .ao- ‘Y2eb on eh oved? jeatet daa: I
erew gtigrsal .& das pwegeteatd sogifi wollby bea *ebfs stajsoo sodte |
eff Sdiw asbieliid odv ao Seswot orew aedif ok .ummetis ait ynola daelavetg
bas geble edt dtiw nokéetoceea ak etignosl 2 Seredtens wet 8 to doligesxe: )
‘ gd hh bam satq tide ao daesere as motigetal .wolliw
Bron Of tina
\e 1142, General view of Muddy Fork Cowlitz area, Mount Rainier National Park, White pine 20-40 yeers old with heavy;
¥. 1137,
|
BR bracteogum concentrations in stream type.
Portion of seme stand as shown in picture above, No Ribes are found on the hillsides in this erea,
a ra nye _ nur wntnet 9 .
va a > Ly . ay s . t
: a Rie te a i c™ ie
5 pat nee ag . y at att
ant eh eo he ny ’ “i s
a hi ae . * ii 2
5 4 * get 4 vy
et s “
Shay Ps s »
is ene | Ba “ Oo mere ¢
us. % ye 4 %
: The | varbo. Brea. leondishé of ppprizinately 420, Roi of 20-40
‘pi “along with soe Scattered, elvips of White bark
ohiva ee dacustre were. the. predominating species
1 tributed over the area, being especially
y) slides had removed the timber narrow
: n sid of White ved, ae pompine failed to
a a an si tes e - iS
¢
oe ‘
i ; is is
S| WIS cm a 7 eet ee
3 8
ie j 4
e
ti
he ve in iy og bate, all ales’ ‘jredication ip was done by
@ hand pull ng-method. “the: three Wah crew was used whenever the number
men available permitted, In addition $0 eradicating all Ribes from
the actual aree to be protected, RB. bractedsmm was removed, for a distance
of one mile from the: white pine stends and other” ibes Heme were
reupved rs * een of padarearnes: ee
meigene
sdloalic Biba | the results of. ell tnitia Ribes
ator hi sd has sa ford | sapentts :
——_—_-—_
ip age EE oa i: a Ea Sa
een esis 2
ee 3
wits okt
SEI
t
| > x
ia F g MW
! iene 2 =
Eat
i ae -
Sor
és | Ft e
me 4 € 4
Sy ; 3! x
xe : 3 §
| $ z. t
§ 5 i an Ay
5) y é & ay
|, ae aii > te epee, :
a pete > tate ob
H eli } bi &
f mv | ¢ ae abe
‘ ; pi
by y ‘ & vont 3
v a 1 kG
ty iH Hs ae
t 4 48 wi
‘ i oat gies te Biro ech re amet
se ms
: We pc
“A %
; Ge ;
i ie 2
i & 3a
} ; ¥ +
} k : eee
\ ‘% 73
: St a
“¥ z wah F
‘ ? br Tr
¢ re “
¥ a> sit
i ds pie
Ry ce BS e
| ae 1% 5 a =
ee aa Re
re my
£5; ” =
|
Oh-O8 to setos OSh ylotaaixotggs to staisnos sets odtad2 off
sad afidw to equvlo hetevisoe ome dtiw anoles sntg otide Slo 1asy
estoece gaitisulimebetg edd eTo9 eigasrosl .f bas atfotixess aedifn .eatg
vlistosuse gated ,£9%% eit tsvo botudintets yilsiteneR Siew yers baa.
worisn mort ted aks ais bevemet bat sebtiewous stedw eeselq at sansh
of beltat gatisooa cou¥ ‘SoviS effdW te sbie dixon edt gaols egqiata
, Iusea TC gotiostnt you wode
:doemotsp® bas edodish
yd oa0b asw tow noltisoibetes gedill Lis ,81s9y¥ auotvetg at ad
sedaem odt tevexedw boar asw weto Asm esids eff .Sodt¢em antileq baad eg
mott eefih [is gatdacthate of sotgiabs al .betitarey elésiisye nom to
sonstetb s tot bavomet so7 puegetoaxd of ,bedoetoug ed of sets Jasrioa el?
grew sotoege sedi tacdio bis shasta entg ottdw et mott elim ono to
eftm cedraup-eno to sonatelb 6 tot hevoust
iow ‘to et [reed
sad dS Ietttal {fe to a¢inact agit eevia eldat auiwollot eT
ssoeaes Sisit SSel eds sot sotisolbst®
Eero so eee
Se ee es
pee eae
‘
STO7 wedp - “7°6
—wOT_onpoadey watio - “H’O
ed mepage - “145
=
202
3 : ae > .3 i YF & h ie : Sk wrt
a Thy ps Ht : y iD 4 ¥ : b 2° = ngs
$ oo ay . 4 S & : a at — oR i af ss
~~ Ww e a te’ 2 ~ Rg Se St BS ae i “g aa
}+ = 3 : : s a a 53 . ; f 4 a ; j
x » tS Se 2 Za =F 26 28 2 3 Ae c ¢ IS Fidva Feewes tle nonngaret sti nmneen eet s, ence shanneniee ecpeeneninesg
~ <e ~ we = sth SOE gg a ERE ee >
{ 0m 21aat
BUM ,YSANMUG HOITSQIGASR eamTd
ae
{ISL SSjSRs OLS)
oh Saat CEES
rca toh
"£.8 S150 216
ws lech.
og .b Si0s, [2 OLs ea0, fe
Fn Re i pa a cn a orc
2 .if%
2 S12 52S
AL OL?
|
a ’ we . an ‘ ' ait : 3 ‘
gg O12 8S 218 SES Goseet| ef (80s. TjSs5.5 _[QbV, OS | L1G. b 858 SdjOLl SLLIS Tee tiSe8 __sonatsvA to |
says saesdi - .1te
notiorSotges maaG - 4.9
sfod mei - .4.1
The figures given in fable Wo, 1 apply only to the acreage
actually worked, whereas the acreage afforded initial protection is
considerably \in.exeess of ‘this figare, especially on the Muddy Fork
Cowlits area where it. was necessary to work only the stream type. Wo
figure can be given for acreage afforded initial protection since the
Initial BRibes eradication has not deen completed on the Muddy
Fork Cowhitz area. The amount of money allotted for this area would have
completed the work but no money was appropriated for the additional
equipment needed and it was aleo necessary to spend some of the funds for
trail maintenance in order to transport caap equipment as early as
required. Money for Ribes reeradicetion work also came from the Muddy Fork
Cowlitz allotment.
Checking:
Temporary check strips, on the basis of a 2 per cent check, were
run on all areas where Ribes eradication has been performed, The check
of the work on the Longmire area wes made after Ribes reeradication; on the
Sunrise area one year after initial working, and on the Muddy Fork Cowlitz
and Starbo areas the check wae made the same year as the original Ribes
eradication. Results of these checks are shown in Table Ne. &,
TABLE WO, 2
RESULTS OF CHECKING
MOUNT RAINIGR NATIONAL PARK
203
ayagtio# adf ‘et ‘ao afogs L? ol oléatt ak jovi cre ad?
st aoltoejentq Isitint behietta osastes eat ameredw .bextow yf Lorton
sol YeSe% edt ao yilsisoqee .stmgit aid’ te aeeoce gk yiderebianos
of .eayt adette ef? yine stew of YIagescen ea ti ersdw sets ett iwod
acit conta stash, ree one Rowerta agastoa Tot ‘prev bs ed ase etoglt
ay tagt sige: pou ar avis par so wow
ebbik exo ao et obenel cae toa aad waithes sheitsh socte fatetat
eved bisow gota aids 0% hetjolla ‘ysmom To Sopot. eat sera gtifwo) 20%
{asotéthbe eid tot Sedalicetcga saw Yeaom of. ter. Show snd heseigaos
40% abaut off to. smem Saege Of Ylaseasen oala gow 32 ns. bobesn da smgtirp 9
es yitee Be toenrivpe qeey Processed of yobto at somansiatam fiast
rok You exit a wotee we nl sean ian 9 nog tT “et yaaok .bexrkepet
Z a ane et a ean adi fvod
a
eiex ,woois dao tea Bs To obnad | aig 0 aqghtte sipexio lide
dgpado ed. ,bewratteg ceot aad wo lteotberta Boa th. erode 2aore Iie no aus
ant se imohiags bay set aodik +9Fta aban tew B61a Stimgacd.eddno atow et Te
yétived seTeghSyM ei? ao bom: + BUF OF faitiak tsdts ta9y eto aets ea lrase
zed ts fnafimive ad¢ as teoy smaa ety sham gaw Boorio Ot aaeta ofiats baa
& 108 sitat af awoke ote saies an oald Led edinand not denkbert
i Ream
aes ad io eatoaa
BAG LAUOT Pal AMMLAS ‘TOM
—— oe Se ee ty
i BE: | of a i aS (es peed eek tee
fo fe rosie fg 5 gee Peg “fe
| St OT ol RE Ld ON fet BZ Be. S tte
Bs ) - is o
Bo See eceies Sar an ee itera oom ?
Pe)
't
,: ioe oe at wa
TBS. = eo ‘. bee
wae: Lee se wiht Sf
Tr. 1g .tel
Re ee ne
Ss ie Te Re Ss
nes
Seine”
as aia
=
by the
3
ae Ts ATER BY ees ee se m ‘= s
9 wet ae : Va ES PS ak eS : @
bes reeradication work are tabulated
aoe
2046
circ or ae Shae en Bee 3
oe ote
dyeing Rae
a
A
ns
2 Sih
= ,
Atte 9s
Oe
Bu
r
, j :
$9)
jp gia tior-oarteg
HES bs oe te
’6
BU FAO LU Aea ae.
-~otismuonl ety. to. egyt seetes odd so Sedoshoos caw atow eat" « ail
bourvtotiss need bad aclseplocte esi ih lesigine onedeo seta seotot tev Lhe
add. yt. esed sew Mee edt. .ereenea Bieitt (kel baw OGL eds eitiewh
Hea aw wets sea eemds ec} han Sodten aniifeg baad
bat eindad ais
Miow poties bowiest. cadif odd te eiiceet otf
wol{ot es
Spo ae le s
Bee ae dee
Tay OFeTOAy|
sz]
Si0y Jd
8z2e736
ee ee ee
Zest
owe Dao me mae
WHVd TVNOILVE BAINIVe LeAON =
ete ee tn _
MOITSVOIICVERRN SESIM Adkd MVEMIS 40 ABVAMAS s
“ON Wiav :
Annual =
ral lee]
.Gv 82 = atos tag deod 8.08 Lato? .8.8S sedi .£.28 edoorge = atos teq mode avid test eA
mm
Series Wi.
35.
Series of pictures taken at Narada Falls, Mount Rainier National Park, showins portion of the Longmire-Silver
Forest area. R, bracteosum in upper picture eradicated in early September 1930, Center picture, taken in
July, 1931 shows a few B. bracteosum sprouts. Reeradication wes conducted in September, 1931, Lower picture,
teken in July, 1932 shows original Ribes ground cover replaced by salmon berry (Rubus) and Menziesii.
Annual Report 1932
M,C. Riley
nN
—
=
ae Kao rey eS ee
oot SR er) Ee ae ERS
The acreage in the-table- above Goes not correspond with the
total acre for the area since some portions did not support sufficient
Ribes oe hedge HeersBitatiod.” he initial Hibeseraéication |
1.9 man ays’ per ‘nore ore averaxe ‘cont or “ay, 85 per dere.
PAS pin acon om née Aree. to deterwine the infection ¢
iden tat the lonuhs 108 ORG GF “OST acaerers mieat hawe & bheearios
ck @nice Bas LE * « ree +
Upper the Ribae eradication work wAich wa 2 t ‘ime beat
wht oh COO the” fol Le wi te” hae Lists the? veers reriereern cinee
sufficient funds weve not aevalizcebe,
Strips 13,2 feet
angles to te course of
re wars ; rete,
xte pe. eye Cua SAS To by
ah ndy of 2 per epee - a
SURF, J yois we A ag ay ee
Subsistence Packing
fruck Ren anc Qperation
I'wine
reight
oe tan on a an ei
Grand Total
*Subsistence at ¢.40 per mesl included in this item,
Ponds expended by the Division of Blister Rust Control are
represented by the items for supervision, twine and freight. Figures in
Table No, 4 give a cost of $6.11 per effective man day.
SCOURING
In an effort to locate new infection centers, scouting was carried
on in and around all major white pine stands and was also conducted on all
of the drainages outside of the vark, where it was felt that the presence of
infection would jeopardize stands in which the National Park Service was
interested. Wo new infection centers were found.
207°
até A¢tw Baogeettoa gon 2e0h evods aided edd at ensetoca oat
Sustotttiee gicqawe tom bIb anoittog smoe sonia seta wid tot sgsetos Isto?
gotisotosie sedi fetdial eat soiieothstest statieeesen of dtwotg sedifi
.2toa sq SB.L[k to Jeon egsisvS A8 TO STOS Te eysbh naam @.f betispet
212YAMA TEO9
en ee erent
& OM GiaaT
Oe ae i OE
OLTAREEO BO FEO SUMMIT ATS
AG JAWOLTAM SULMLAW THUOM
SEel
WwATMAGATaN ee me a rey it
USLPARTSGO FO TEOD GO THAMATATES
= eS... oh AO A Boner mi
wanntnecatersenerpiaihtie entectanetenniocet sta gy nesnehee stoners nen? tte OO OCCT L ALL OG LLCO CCN CLD LT A nn
i ti nit j
oh
3 npn Se anon oe
t
a > 4 rs sat t - . a ~4 = P P ;
lomepenoce S'S OR eS 5 —setastanioe auniciciecncneaneee gifog es & ig = me
| Sb ses. £2 sole tyr aque
i oat aa TC “e I par wh oe a ak ae cosacmentcaataicance etna ttt NR RE AIREY TEI =
[| *@8 ,8at 9 SS get.8 gtetodal ets teqmelT
a co rerscrononatin ach Tare RS Ne ee + ena eer RPE NTN ee Ae OOONIPN getia annn—s
| SE. Pie ee ee eh BOD LagoT
100.08 | ob sone Bart
WE Se cee ore nnn ED IG EGE
CEE oj aabinss eonosetedue
_._ Sokistaad bos Letaok aorr?
en ene SESE
dei
aie |
ia
t
_—
asroonaitsorn fit
| 5 Te — ss nen darenaon ne ener steer oar aan ee
caren amare on ether ter ee eS ane en aa S ETI rm nm
yaa anti =n Sea tnerereee
__..__fstot das
£ ei. pene nang aim ec pe A hae ee in ee see rte vein sane fm Nie i NAA E RE RONG COLOR GIA SEEN
madi aldd at Sebslont Isem t9q Ob. 3a aonedse Ledve*
ets Lotgue? ten tegatik te aclaivid edi yd bebneqxs sbact
si savoglt .tdytett baa entwi sotatvtecka tot esest edd yd. het nea stqget
.yab man avidoetts teq [1.85 to deco a avis, b of sidaT
heivtsas ese gulsiwoos ,ststas9 notisstat wen stasof of dots as at
fin mo Sedorbsen cele aaw bas ahasie enig efinw rvojsm [is basots bas af go
%o someseva edd fadd diet saw 3k stedw . wits ait to ebtetuo eegantatb edt to
gaw ajivte® syst Ieoclisl edt doldw af shbaade exibiecest, Siscew sottostat
_borrot stew arednes nolisstal wen off betzarsiat
_— ey seks: PR ETT ee PO TT Oe MN ae aye ee
REALE. SENET ET
Pay
Lo os
Nae se a3 < isi
MUDDY FOR}
|
INFECTION SURVEY
|
\ Infection is general over the Muddy Fork Cowlitz area but
random scouting had failed’ to locate any infection centers, A survey
was condurted on the area to determine the infection centers with the
byodl that the location and extent of these centers might have 2 bearing
‘upon the R bes eradication work which was in vrogress at. the tine bat
80
| sufficient |
| z \\ st rips 13.2 feet wide and 10 chains apart were run at right
angles tio ‘the course of the streams and all white pine trees on these
‘strips were examined. The strips did not cross each other and did not
| yond the limits of the white pine type and they represent a
or\cent 6f an area of approximately 1,100 acres, A canker
analysis’ was made, for ‘each infected tree and the location of that tree
‘on the strip mas ‘Feconded,
ee [~ i
ds were not available,
| | The following table: _gnd-graphs show the data obtained, —
‘No. 1 shows the samc data ss presented in Table No, 5, while Graph No.
‘shows the data plotted eccording.to the distance from the strewn ee
‘Tegardless of stream type. The difference between the two graphs
|Fepresents a more detailed plotting of the cankers in the strean tyne.
- N
|
1
|
|
| |
6oh— \
|
|
|
|
|
;
/
i; £
rae
_
Bo
=)
(ea)
xay aus ROLPOReUy
gud acre sitive?) att yobut on. SY. Lerten, ad. mediated, 1
yeruue A ,stedoe9 nolioetal.yas steoel ot, haliat.bsc,, yatisens. et
ad# dtiw eredaes rottestat aft entareseb of sets edt no bado ubuoo Bay
aitteed a eyad ddata etejne9 sead? te duetxe boa actiacel edt tans aebl
tos smtd edd ga eeorsots HE aaw dotiw avow aeivsolthare eedih edd noqs
eonte sonsge Sioit teers edt gaimwh betelqeoa od tog SL00 to lin
sidalieva gon erew abartt jmatolt tre
fdsit ts mort etew dracs eat sds OL dae abiw deat S.8f aaiete
SuGiy LO Beets enig etiaw {is bus emsetie edd tc eatuee git of esiana
jon bE Sua tedéo Hoge Be0tS Fon SID agitte edT .beatmaxe otew eqitte
a ixoeetge: yods Sea seyy sittq: Sitiw 6A% Yo efiat{ odd Saoyed inodxe
sevnas A setse OOL,f yledsutéetoge to sets as to tues teq & to ybrve
agit tacla te aoké¢aoo!l eA? Sia oot? Setootat sos9 sot ont eaw eleylans
bsbisset bax Gtuts edt ”
Heatt peckgite wieh® att wore edverrs bici ‘elder yaivelt oY ser"
& .ef gow elitr (4 of sive? mt betusagte ae 8225 aoe add oe A col
*fartt ‘drte as meet eniedetS ott of mithoons | asttofe etab-enid ewes
angatg owt sit neew¢ed vometsttip off ecyt aisette To sselbtsge7
ch) mses He odd at-etoinss: edt So y satteeag, iokigvele ‘eton & Mamarss
INFECTION SULR VEY
MUDDY FORK COWLITZ AREA
MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK
1932
GRAPH NO |
EAM W-12 12-13 13-14 14-15
STR
TYPE
CHAINS FROM STREAM TYPE
GRAPH NO 2
uw
°
CANKERS
>
°
3-4 4-5 "I-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16
CHAINS FROM STREAM
LEGEND
oe FIRST SYMPTOMS
JUVENILE
——— FIRST PYCNIA
FRUITED ONCE
ANNUAL REPORT
FRUITED SEVERAL TIMES
MCRILEY 1932
Abe
peg | peat
g 0d S1aAT
AUZA STIWWOD\MIOU YQGUN ,ATAG Yavive BOLTOMEMI GO YHANNUS
~~ WEA AASOLTAE HaLMlAR THUOM
Seek
Low remeron
steiaad| bet| tod 79% |
basroF sort est? | {2407} get? | Isto? leer? {stor )eorT | {esoT |sotT | Lad {aj oT jsett | {ajot | seett bel bute
‘ i ee ae Se @
| : | Sal tise [ss | as | es | es
} ¢ t ;
jt bof art
{
| | |
| oor | oor is.s lepostle. | Sec rs | a
In Table Wo. 5 the data taken in the stream type are represented
by "0" ia the colum headed “Chains From Stream Type.” fhe width of stream
type crossed by the strips varied with a maximum of eleven chains, Ribes
bracteosum was the prevailing species with some 2, lacustre in mixture
and there were ao Ribes outside of the streaa type. The area. is reasonably
uniform in pine distribution. This table shows no infected trees more
than 13 ehains, fren stream, type although the strips were extenied a maximm
distance of 26. chains. Random seoauting has disclosed all stages of cankers
set te Stotenets. itor oth heetaihens the nates did. not locate
any he*@oacsrative work Fe
As a result of this survey two infection centers were found. OGne
of these centers was directly on a strip end the other was located through
the preponderance of cankers found on two other @@joining strips. Both
of these centers were approximately three ehains from stream type which
accounts for the peak on the graphs at. that ‘point. A graph showing cankers
per infected tree would give o peak at the same place althovgh it would be
Lem 2 “3 1 and the welsh ses nt ne. staan. Fak cankers to another would
no @ same,
(i. % aT > a) ye Kat a ‘ rR
During the 1932 field season Bibes eradication was performed on
856 acres at an average cost of $10.88 per acre. Gheeking was done on
all areas where Ribes eradication had been performed, Mibes yeeradication on
421.2 meres regulted im renoving 70.5 feet of live stem per acre at an
average cost per acre of $2.75 as compared with $11.85 per acre for initial
Ribeseradication on the same area. Scouting was conducted on all important:
. BPORS. ni phakic git MORO Was = made on & means of the ieee York Cowlits
area, efi ac tn & ‘ ;
With the exematiasce
Feat aa fazi
Mite y
ut } Sfuhi it
Pile £. 9089 bn dedtune t6 af Saak
Se tha YD 6 452 eS SERED hee ee TO
eltner pariy mer tarecsaia the
tx as » Pe ld FI a a ht aha sith oe sks
® BRAS B25. Si ee Be Bes 4
Aue ty
a ae ee <n Re Suan: weir
Jveron Stage Brees
a & es fi, as alee $ 1 eRe sk ils caidas
SUG LAP Gr FAP Se Ee or
“ Py a 7
Lagae wilh eunarwe ¥
Qe Eee TE ee a
211
hadasagtqet 91s oad maerta old at Lseiatals atab sed a. oll ‘eicat ak
motte te S3Stw sit “laorT meorse mort edtato" pebaeog HmirLon ofd at "0" yd
sadifn soled sevels on itso 883 iw. baby eqitge.edi yi beeaots says
oustxin at etjepvosl ff emoa a3 hw aatoege aati lavets ‘eit saw mreosioaid
yldancese? gi seta oh are. mctie o03 10. ebis¢se . ‘a6fit on etow -eteid dns
ero esetd betostal oa ewoulg olfat pict .aoktwditsaib entq at mottos
maumitan ¢ Sobhedes avo~r eticge off cewodfIs soyd Mastoe gott entado SL madi?
eremies to eeeste Ife heaoloe lS eat gotiwcos cobash © “eaksti a& to eonstels
afacol sou bib eqtt seeds, Hgrents Le. egy? ame1se mott egotadelh sedeetg de
; | ono to Ye
en’ ,battot gtew eredces ‘a0 itoetnt ond eye: ‘elds to. seed Beh
tasgriig 5 batisool eae teddte att bas obide 2. sto. ~_lisatis Raw atetoso) ge ods to
dtoG. .eqitéa sriatojSs xedte, ows, ao boy? exgunas to souuTebmegetq erly
Moise sexe mastte wort antarin eetht vlodemkxetccs stew atedaeo beodd to
ersinse paliwocs RGSS A. .€Ghog Galt Ja. asigas.. sat ad dagq oft 16% @tarosss
ed Bisrde 32 oyciptd ia sowite éuen odd, ts thes ovis. blow: port hbgtoetat T9¢
strow tedicas oF aveiaes te spate axe Yo solvaler sais! bak boocmresatg ea ol
SO eee | bald ed tom
a fanaa
0 begvotts eaw api ianloage ood ik Rownse Ssort 5 Beer olf aotiie;| h,
ao pxoh es% gatyoed> etoe teq 88.017 to teem: egatere ua te, d6r98 Bee
ne hotsab bharesrt- eed Bi bewrott sg saat! bash sokiso lsat eadif sveciw gaers iia
“iG 38 soe eg pete ~evil to seek a OV set v opis i Sstiveot e@ree &,{Sb
fatdint sot eta toy 26 Lit ddiw betagmos ea ay. ck to eres toq 3899, sgeteva
‘$asttoqmt [ia no bsioshaco enw aikivosé seus sage adj ao sokissthate eodiz
att fwod dito: a costie eit te aa. tosom s & ie eden ae eres notiostat 2 o SATS -
ets
fim
i
BLISTER RUST CONFROL WORK IN OREGON
REROL Wi
le
of the Un Pe Saige gear contro ties A Ores bh h wer, ‘eoatinned as a
eooperative project between retiagteratteg fant Indus tg and the Buresu of
Plant Iadustry of the State le th a! Agriculture, the Oregon State
tof Forestry and thé-Oregon State Golleze. There 4s. given below the
amendment to the basic “memorandum ‘Of utiderstandiug, which was dram, Ww, te...
cover the cooperative*work for thé fiscal year 1932 begtaning July 1,— :
932.
1.0 0.00 ag Ke. is eri Ld je :
pes geep gate. OF oy DEAD
$2.6 TE0..00 he. ile ‘ne
; Lee yo alo a aby een” + * ’
rt res DEPARIus) oF vi | OF PLANT INDUS7E
au mse stars EPs ae seRLGULTOR, BURA 0 Fase InDus7ey,
ors TOULIURE, ORKGQH SEALE BOARD OF YoRSTRY, —
ra ae. “OF eae LAN r a 4% | a COLLEGE ° =
Cooperative Work in Controlling White Pine Blister Rust in Oregon.
x * .&
The undersigned mtually agree that the memorandum of under-
stending between the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Plant Industry and the Oregon State Board of lorticulture, Oregon State
Board of Forestry and the Oregon State College effective July 1, 1927 to
Continue in effect until June Si» 1925, shall be continued in full force
and effect in all its provisions for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1933
with the exception of paragraphs E-1 and Eeé which shall be amended to
read as follows:
Bel. That this memorandum of understanding shall take effect
July 1, 1922 and continue in effect until June 30, 1933, provided that
either party may terminate the agreement at any time by a written statement
to that effect D days in advance of the date of termination desired.
eG. Thet for the fiscal year July 1, 1952 to June XD, 1933 the
Oregon State Board of Hortieulture will expend about $2,500.00; the Oregon
State Board of Forestry will expend about $1,000.00; the Orezon State
College will expend about $1,750.00; ani the Federal Govermaent in behalf
242
“OXe jiviat povted etah off & «ot Qieet as
“oUkHe WI MAOW DORTHOS TeUs hiniaas weislon “ads wi °O* yA
hee ae bitare ug wit 3
pases
shea) ie BN
om
a te hasttinoe ote nosero af wets fviins Yortnoo tery tedeFTe © DRA
to maanue erie bow yxtavbet taal To ine te odd ‘iteowtod teetote evii steeds’
otate coyerd sit Joust ietesn io Prremeraded efese oie Mo Yrtesinl tantt
Sis ee led new? cf sx “eyelid wiede reget? Sx) bre Vat ato To’ Hanoe
of ex meth caw cokdv Vaotbantete nr oe socbersonen oted eff of Yoembront
wf ylyb antomkged SECL wey Iwoett edd sot tow evitsteqods ets teveo
SOL
2% y 9 Poa tes so vor: alge. te eineat a te
. é F LA ~
4 Cre i = S S38 * 9 (gi Gay 38
OS AREA
aa Re BD WOGMATOMaM OSD FO 5. seoig osg
pe ee rT ay pe i tates Puli yr i be “e t%
ah eS aes 5 ieee ae ie ap Re aK epadks IG
“Seel Celgt eytsoet aay wseene
‘a Oe ee pda aa
Wf de y : ‘
th
: NERS ie | + 2 69 tot. Sse ay SNS Bo BiAaweer eae Oe oRE 5:
HL MRIS WO VARS GEURIOTAGK KO Tie AAT SAAT S TM AE
ye YO CnsCe Weare “MOORHO AAU AUSTIN EC CHAGE “WEATE- WHOBAD “aHE
oo nt mene — ere emp fa vena ee
:
CoO SPAR MOeMAO AWE GA
Bethe LAE Bi IE eee eee
me ag
3a sit 2 ae
fae, GS YOR
mouet? wh tel tees tle oat gdtd® oniifeovtno? nt aa0¥ evitetagoe?
eb iteswmetoe: Siet? Peek edt pulaee
Sl G84 aA AOOM AHS ERY a Pee
“débnsr to aubratoment ett Yadd corse ‘gffandim Borgtatrsdne ett 97" "
4 veows .otetlimtrad Id, droattayet gedat?, Radiat off soowt ad artbrste
“e3932 poset? ,otuduottsoh To ‘$rso€ esate ateget0 ‘ead Bre yrtenbal seers
‘py SSel 4 t- Yiat. ovlsgatts ‘gaeffo® eas Hozet? edt baa Griestot Yo Breed
esset ffot ef Paraticos ed I fade {Beer (Oo Sart ‘Titan’ doetta of erektaes
sper 08 sav acthae aot Imoa lt ond sot enoteiveig ati Lis at sootte ins
et bebrrams od ffece dobiw aR bas f ot sdearsaaise to aoligeoxe edt dtiw
saewollcot ea baet
goette edet Ifode axbiradatobar %o subretomem eld? ted? [i
dedi bebivota «Sef .0f sagt Iites dostte mk santtaoo baa S5eCL ,f yet
frammgate cogdirw o yd ould Yas ta Taemeengs ost atantertes yam yWusgq redi te
bocteah cottantons? te vteah eff Ye eomar ha nt eyeb O soette tadi of
eft ESOL ,CS earl of SACL .f vist teey, Inca lt sgaly «o% daft def
noge a edd ;00.008,.8) izoda Baogxs {itv etwitiimtice to braol stat] noyet0
ssas2 momotO oft 300.006, f¢ dueds baeqze {ite vitestot to braok esate
tiered at dmomatovod Iervabe% add bas 200 .0a%, [8 saoda broqee [I tw eanellod
Age ss ¢ seh oe PRR ek ae
of the U iets Fr apa of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry
ehont.42,506° opt ti “with: ‘the work e herein’ proveded ‘fore
&x, ne : awake Bf *
iB, p00. bo" **' Hosord, AES Om eet vd a ek ME Cog cee ha aah oe
i “Bi presenta ° Bureau of Plant Industry, State Gegaitent
: af herieattore ( queceeding State Board of Horticulture)
Peal
“.
pepe es eo
1 se sande meng tts Wie at nt ee NE eT ae AeA tt ct OA a IC
onemiller
state Yo! ° “tate Board f Forest
tions. ‘The firet of thicae Et a ae Ores is) Yta * Pye
UBBAT Loney pi ent
Te the noet of fiuw,:
The ssa are Wewety
sad bee na me
ste? ta)
"of sf iswh Eaton, ae 3. D. Ms %
Paks én Taree: Rivers, «% Phys
“nteeved in 1920 aad 1637), was Mc a
Metoling Hiver mesoclhted «tf 5h 4x ‘ RAE
feiicd to show tafeos ton. te ¥ 2 he Ae ;
wonld be ound en Hiwe ey fo a4 Oe ws
abundant on HR. bractsomur: at <h-
Mear-by soures of itnfertieos. Amesu te
Ro attemwot gee wecie $0 aete SiGe Camere? «
Sand: general Peet vas whi gh, Seecmak oF Ao Seer wih is
pines and Ribea, or eece yee TES ‘
VOns ere s! WES) CRAMLGRS Res Fee: aw ce aR eS
“Pe wktehed ecarefatiwoia tee Pat wn, Seay Se dn ep
Firet. The Beit tan. oeeecus
betwoen the typten? wayar wis +e ie :
tion wes found there@ if 1°23 3 ; cs
Assooiation with sneer chow ie west
opportunity to etudy inte ate i
Climatic coratti ope are xe i, a €; :
Ftvation of the Suet tee eet: be fees be me eden
the poccible euee rt ton Po ty Bae OF oa
Seeaee. Ames tier made t ae
typical western’ ahki<c mie ete
the heedwaters of Whe Perciactes
Here are wast qwerty Ase we By
western whites pine eee Yor.
Gurvents ara Tikele to 99 tint
243
Yitashal foeld te seetsh ow [yatta to tneadregqe? seiats betial edi to
aX NS aieved auow add Adin. pp téanneap ah 1x00. AAA: ee
Sains Face occ asae a ) peter e tren) > ta ape Hs
desmstaged adiade ey qedeuine | duel to seo tw .,xodoethG
(etstiveliaoll to, biacd edade sntfeoonaue) otnd Loot to
See? ee et tregot® .T_mayd
wwitsetes to ‘btse8 etese ane waedesroT Staeg2
meeresnatn chert vcecieasen amenities i Ee A nat, a9 ey
esol Tod ‘etal mozatt paeransense® jnald
Fae Oye ee Meee aie Sage pot Oa i;
A Ce a sciiecbel deal to saetal ,tefdd
i
Sh Dept ty me wares
sores
00..000,.£6
00,08" , I
| BROL wa anal
-BLISUMR RUST CONFROL AGKIVITing IN ORWGON
no Hel repr GY MBO.” Goodding
bes wi ti me of f rig ae Pathologist
un Fo wigeint dea dita Violas were conducted in Oregon during 1922.
“Brief a editees de of the following topics is in order: first, scouting for
blister rust; second, the a Ribes garden; third, cooperation;
a pinay he rao gi chp yin
rugd,.in
; the goo vOR LTR zu
THO Ba ere elite was me early in the seagon to locate pine infec-
re-h The first of these was in the Marshfield region where the Coos Bay
Lumber Company planted Pinus strobus about 25 years ago. The planting is
‘near the post office of Summer about four miles southeast of Marshfield,
The pines are Glosely associated with Ribes brectevsum and as blister rust
had been found much farther south then this it seemed to be a likely place
to find it-establiehed on the’ pine. © Nothing was found. Pine on the Couts
Place on Three Rivers, above Hebo, thouch growinz noar Ribes heavily
Anfeetéed in’ 1920 and 193), was free from rust. The sugar pine on the
‘Metolius River associated with infected BR. netiolare in 1°20 snd 167
“failed to show infection. It was confidently expected that bldcber rust
‘would’ be°found on pine on Lest Creek on the McKenzie Hichway as rust was
“abundant on E. hracteosue at that point in 1921, anparently indicating a
near-by source of infection. Again the search was futile.
An ABS she ‘attempt was made to establish inspection points. There are
- some> uakt ‘vegions which, because of climatic conditions, association of
pines: and Ribes, or geozraphical association with existing infection
‘eentere, were examined ag far as time would permit this season and shovid
“be watched ‘carefully in the future. A description of caeh region follows:
First. The Metolius represents a region ranging in humidity
between thé’ typical sugar pine and yellow pine types. Very light infec-
‘tion was found there {nm 1920 end 1931 on B. nokinlare in excellent
‘assoofation with suger pine. This region will probably offer sur first
opportunity to study infection on sugar pine unéer natural conditions.
‘Climatic conditions are probably more favorable here for spread and intensi-_ ||
fication of thé rust than will be found in most sugar pine regions vith
Pray yd exception of the upper Rogue River.
a const s66%na Another region representing the tranaition from more
“typical ‘western white pine sites to the more arid sites is the resion at
the headwaters of the Deschutes where the stream flows toward the south.
Here are vast quantities of 8. netiolare associated with an occasional
‘western white pine seedling. This seems to represent a region where wind
eer ere berg “ bring blister rust spores at an carly dates
= Se See ee
Third, While the lakes at the summit of the Cascades generally
do Mot represent the best association of the very susceptible species of
Ribes with pines, the drainages to the west often do. Waldo lake drains
to the west: duto ‘the North Fork of the Willanette and into Black Creek.
Odell Lake drains to the east but the headwaters of Salt Creck rise very
near ‘the Take. @his drains to the west. Heavy timber in this region
may retard: the progress, of the rust. ‘Khes@ drainages should be carefully
watched. Crescent Lake represents a drier site and one less favorable to
‘Trust, invasion than the west slove but the headwaters of the Middle York
of the Willamette represent a natural avenue for the spread of the rust.
The fact that dt has been found on 8. bracieosum below Oak Ridge adds to
‘the signifteance of this region.
Fourth. The headwaters of the Umpqua have been very inadequately
scouted. Some extensive burns add to the likelihood of the rust becoming
established at an early date if, indeed, it is not already in the region.
Fifth. The headwaters of the Rogue is to be the blister rust
battle ground in Oregon in the immediate future. If anything in the line
of control is ever done this should be the center of operations. On Muir
and sherwood Creéks,and perhaps other streams as well, there is an abun-
dance of 2. bractsomm in association with young western white pines.
If this region is not watehed it will be because we are remiss in our
work.
Sixth. Crater Lake National Park offers a variety of conditions
in associations of Ribes and pines; different species of pines; species of
Ribes, the susceptibility of which littie is known; and merked differences
in humidity. There are no true stream type Ribes present but such trail-
ing bushes as 8. erythrocarpum and R. binominatum grow in intimate asso-
clation with the pines. White bark, western white and suger pine are all
present.
Seventh. Blister rust can be expected any seaSon along the coast
north of Marshfield where luxuriant patches of &. bracte2sum can be found
in exposed situations. Pines, however, are found only at a considerable
distance back from the coast and along the high ridges where Hibes are
either absent or sparse. At Summer near Marshfield, however, there is a
Planting of 2. strobus in excellent association with B. brecteosum This
has been inspected repeatedly in the past but it mst not be neglected in
the future. There are many favorable sites for infection on Ribes along
the coast south of Marshfield. Infections found on these Ribes along the
coast can be taken as an index of the spread of the rust.
Kighth. £1k Creek, along the Crescent City-Grants Pass Highway
rises in California and flows across the line into Oregon. In many places
along this stream occur large patches of BR. bracteosums Some of these
ere in excellent association with sugar pine. This region is so situated
that blister rust could readily be expected to show up here on its passage
205 6
a2 oid to timmre oft fa sodaf edd ef fd wbttat
(renee yoy sit to soktskoogas gees end tagaexqet tom of
f ob sedte tagw ont ot pemaunkartb edd seonky atie godkF
as etgomelfkY add to axod AstoR odd odnt teow. olf of
at to exedavbood edt dod tans oid of patath otal Trebo
sada «.vaek .. deav est. 02 gsteath etal ..edal of’ sagen
tie sonentash @era? «tert ent ‘te gee tgotd add Duatet ‘yam
ong bom otis tofth 2 adnogarget edad dmonn ony pil 7.86
%o pyetawbeod adt iad seets geow oct madd solgawak tems
ed? xs gonews Iaigias aw thesesye% essemal@ltW edt to
wumoeineit oi mo basot meed earl $2 gadd? Soat ed?
wzotger elds. to esnaclttagie sdt
Wer te hay
+h Gels
oytt
eh
Yleiazeabent yiov saad evad avogal edi to axctewbsod ahh» <tssot
gr tmoned gues aid 3¢ hooditextt att of She cauad evignedzs amol hagweos
wekges wid mi ybosetla tem et tt ,boobat , ti ofeb yfise ma de hedaildatves
aig to atedewiaed sf? cddTst
tnx teteklad edd ed cf al amaoe
Geil walt wi -* lomeat etethennt sdv.at sone tO ak Sayoty efsiad
ogo % weotown edd-od Blscada gktlt aaob tows af fonémog, to
teis ,fisw on eagowe “tathio ecacttog hag aioss) boowteds ine
mente wdidw misiver qurey atie ao t@atoosra sk pumosdectd Yo senad
ye mk ask Pipe ie {fiw th bedotew tog-ef sotgay edd x1
ero W
SESL BAY « Be
&
exatto ars faae tial eziat xotaed ddxté
4%
%o agkssne j:eaniq. te aelosge. tuovoThsa -aosiq dos eodik to angidaioogas me
j merce wb otatit doidw Yo Gillicitqeosse ant ,aodik
he ee ‘¢ guGhh eqyd megtze out? of @T® ated? ys kbtuud of
~paes etamkdnt at wows submeineahd <8 bre _mimyeooudives .2 as aoslend ack
ve ies of hte amedesy ined eth’ .sembe ote dtiv cottado
o SAM BS TY
a ee #3.%
2EGhG ES Es
old tigsee "re Gadaagma 66 Meo gRos “oe hS,. mdaove’
murscadostt .2 to eedoteq tualureel svete bfektdgtev te aloros
vino. dagnt ot ytevowod ,aoatt «aio tiwudie Seaogxe at
§ biy oinia ood gan la bas daaon eid meet dom oonadalh
stovewo! ablalttiatal’ ts6m Tans th outage so ¢aeada teitio
nit? .supemtoem «gf ab iv aofstaiovsem tre f feoxe af audoniz «4. te seredcual q
dou g2 aud geay ot of yfbetacges bedsogens need. ead
» sot eadte sigatovet yaan ote oro eiustot edt
seats to bupot anoktigetal .bfekiediatal Xo dives Jeaoo ail
ess ostd to beetgr oft to mebul se 28 sisdat ad, map, aao9
vewlatii seat ataato-ytiD tmegget) sus apo te ,xee%0 afd idee
aeonlg yusu oi »aoget) odad, oak l ads seoves avelt bus abrrottfad af, soatt
paodd to omek smancadaard «ff To esnotag ayiel suyeao seotde. nidd greta
bpadgengie of af nofyet vist went tegue Selo aoftetoosss dtnelffeoxs af ots
aaq adi ne ered qa woe od besoogxe 90 uftheer bluco taut tetelfd dade
to the south.
The inovd-degorited locations shduld represent excellent in-
dices of the edvance of the rust toward California. To make its appear-
ance in California without striking one or more of these locations scems
extremely un} ikely and assuming that blister rust is to enter California
by natural spread it would seem logical to maintain a careful watch
* shase Tocaprene) before “Going extensive scouting in Gal Sfornios
The following table sives the data for the noteworthy anfections
located in 198,
por SS oe Sis ~~ = Sus : ; usta wee
216
—
=~ Ss ae
ST
ee cn ona ern
lestgoses GH | <n ri
oe eyes
Figs to
ai
a =)
a P+ nere f TE i ca
4) 2) A eS ast Sh $x! at
qT 26
natn exper 8) | soe; #
pe seats) oe ee means BOSSA
lie Bane beh OS OES ee
| Sensex |
ahoet i .atdstli
a) So bboeD. | .tdahfy __.
petnrmpr tan ion
a <>
Se Pa >
ee? ee es ee ee
. - am aot es
13 BOM eRee ty ZyE |
' ie
? : | tn aera
! } P a . jas
: SER 2 SI ie _ ines 41 BS thes sete iat
be Dirt 7
|
< i , teres
Pee —— t ‘ ob
: SS Ba: gs tee ime Ps | SS ee om > Gee ses a2) 2
> aie ; er Ph? : iE Sila dm eeet noe nth A
Pn Pig OOS oe eee mre
} } ;
? a
} |
) ie ay
e om ; * } 5
- ce seen A ot ond et arene > wee enn 5
< i } dascee|
? ; i —
i z
a _ pe ~ ans epirmete os ee - = =
i
} '
2 i ing : : sae. 3
x : EP RE Ws nee ee
i i r i Hee
* : } OQ wh { ;
; ‘ - ;
; on > 2 wt
! : r ees aS ae ee Pie See
3 ; Baca 4 1 = r : ¥ : “ =
oe —y os MeTOm «4s ‘i
| f a* a 9D ;
H aT < a : 32
+f i % 4, %, * s . - a
#it? Pays : . E s 2 .
5 af a i x es =
7 a es ser ok J eit
j |
~ ¢ oi :
ok 9@ : - g 5 j
i aww - S
| OF 2 3 2 LO Fok eee.
SYA 3 ase | nO) eee Reh Se pa:
| ; | | _ ‘ a : a ‘
| ex f
; g a «> « 2 @ * — - '
IE Fy i ‘ Lf
| ! poe Se ee ee ee
Ve eet i t Pe Sk WS! ee Bee = ae e a
} : wart <4 i ww¥aesi sk
" __the eetablishuent .of this garden was reported in the 19H
t
Ancus] Report, and a discugsion of conditions there was given in the 1931
répert. During this season four new Ribes specics have been added. Late
tn April thirty Norwegian Red Dutch currant plants sent to Corvallis by
Dx. Hahn of the Division of Forest Pathology were planted in ths garden and
4n O¢tober a half dozen of each of the following were planted:
H, montigenum, B. roezii and 8. lasienthum all from California. ‘the
Norwegian Red Duteh currant is a horticultural variety of BR. wilgere.
Seah cmethll Norwegian Red Dutch was inspected several times during the
early summer and no infection was found. Later 1t was badly eaten back
why rabbits or deer. The other Ribes were not molested. The following
report on susceptibility was made by the Division of Forest Pathology at
Portland, Oregon, November 18, 1932;
_ B. Klamathense (2 varieties) &. nevadense
B cruentum j RR erythrocarnum
Norwegian Red Dutch (Ribes yulgare var.)
~->, “Yeu will note that all species except the Norwegian Red Dutch fall
_ "into two groups, viz., extremely heavy infection and heavy infection.
All species produced abundant telia except E. yelutinum. ‘The
results of only one year's test on this species, however, cannot
be considered a true index of its teliozspore-producing capacity.
"All species were given two heavy inoculations, the first on May
13 and the other on May 19. The second inoculation was made
because no rain followed the first one."
CD 0P #RATION
Early in the spring Mr. Kimmel of the Forest Service suggested
that money mizht be raised for control operations in the Hebo planted
area to protect 2. strobus. Owing to the unsettled conditions of blister
rust plans at that time nothing was done. It 4s possible control work
might have been done there and at Government Camp if normal conditione
had prevailed, Mr. Buck having intimated on previous occasions thet the
protection of the Government Camp area was desirable. Mr. Collins, who
218
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foYOROh _Be rI9gF
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iene Loe Seip bheh a Pee 23)
a ee tetnnee ben
* hosvocoe asw Gebiag, akild 4. JSaouielidstee ed?
enctdtbaon to molkagsoels a bos troqes Sango
“seg eved astoegqs eecih wee «eo% soeace eldd gatrt ttqet
aris dated bot satgewroll ydaidsd {high md
.
at nea
fHOB
botnefa oyew yaolodtal saatg® te nokpivid ed@ to mish 1a
Buy
G > ofd to Home %o mexob tiad s redots0 nk
te mudtooiesl, i sep Lisaor ff wmunopisoos ff.
sae TausiTwotgiod @ ef Taeviwo dated Boi gakgerto
won batooqant saw sou bell catsuewroll eT
d} asgad .basct eee golfpotal of htte tomme Yl tee
ateg vehi sedio, alt vied to atiddat xd
afk ¥o Sonat eat wiilidiicasase ao d1oges
we or fr earapyow jnoget? shasfiro%
of
ioe T ae De eu titie oe "f ach $2 : rep tie it
gi wees gotiodtal wwaell_yieomtiae
ail mat titer olk
23 igatsokvav &) sgaaddemala of
re
matinogso, i
iitteadexam 8
autantoaaid. 2
gottoetes on"
soagih) dodod bok nalgewro &
(IST BSR.
netaswirol edt igenne geipeqgs ffa tats stom [fie sot"
ie
Ss "S S xt a ay Dear * a we, He a
reocrea: UW ve Tee Ke « Rr a BEER ZS OWs GIME
ee a Red clakes | Culms eerie Rete fF Pe
;. af j 3 Diep Ser SHALO SG BOs Rage I ra
e kis ao 4 aiteoy eno Ylao to edivest
ephoveea torch ie? atk te zwebak aris SB berabkenos ot
? " ae ia e ‘ PP
aooank yraed owd sevig eter sakooge fis
; wet, eo a pte crt Eos Kt
.Of wil mo teste abd. Ons er
ig pbewollo? alat on PeKaDod
‘% pe}
bs Shy ke ee
wagers eo wee
to foot! «ch patage odd af ¥ fenil
1f3 pt etokgatice Towlaoo vet be¢gia’t ed doyia youont tesit
4 oy ented .gudomde <G foetorq oF ast
ow gatdeos omrd! dads tm ensfg Jet
#
amr yend ta bag orale, saoh need eves fia Bes
nae * ay 23 Pa Oey. Oe
He, FHABWIGS.. aA
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ve
ay
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cagoo, ascive yg ao) Se teattial gaivest siowd «tM «iotiavetg Das
‘iovieeoh gay Bets Ome? fnemeravod oft "to moftsatotg
sind OS
ars
owns much of the private land in this region, had stated his willingness
to pay for his portion at such time as the Forest Service was ready to
have the work done.) While it is true that the Forest Service doubts the
desirability of extensive contro? operations on lands where beetles are
likely to take the half grown or mature crop of western white pine,
it is hardly fair to the Forest Service to conclude that its. members are
uninterested in control. work or unwilling to contribute funds for certain
projects. such. as those at Hebo, Government Camp auc Breitenbush. It is
similarly unfair to, assume that the Forest Service holds this attitude
toward the suger pine stands in southern Oregon. ‘there are rather exten-
sive stands of sugar pine. in Jackson and J osephine Countics on both
Forest Service and private lands, the protection of which is quite as
urgent as the protection of sugar pine land in California, in fact proximity
_to the disease renders their early protection much more urgent,
UGCA OBA. : Q ; ’
On January 28, 1022, te 2. ‘Goodding delivered a paper before the
Northwest Section of the Society of American Foresters in Portland, Oregon
on “the Blister Rust Situation in Oregon". The aseatieng° of this paper
Bas obtained from the 1931 Annual Report. ce oa
»» & circular. letter to Tire wardens, Forest eceh ce field men and
others was prepared and approved by the Washington office, Owing to lack of
stenographic assistance and Goodding's absence at a time when this should
have been sent out, it was never mailed.
fine. feature article written by. Mr. John Burtner of the Oregon
State. Relians, News. Service appeared. in the Sunday Oregonian for July 10,
: 18Gir: ein was based on conditions in the Mount Hood region. .
249
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‘
aid addvob esivist dxetol otf Jad? oirtd ak $f
‘ : ; nie ae Che ge me ee
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,orka atidw wte?g “5 sritem th deo Biad add ested od
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to YstTidartaes
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is pit of od ooivrel festot off oF ctket ylbreil ef 32
hers “0 shat otudivenes o¢ ankifiway to a08 fortnon at betesitetnlan
+3 pre SFoaLorxg
wrt g2o%o% Sad Jett emweea oF wheter yUristiate
emisttf — iw eft beiaie bad ,notkses etad nt bas! etavita eld ‘to dow anwo
sokieoq eid tot Yaq o#
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{edo Set togert avediocve mi saiste satg teque gat. byewod
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avavita bas esivies
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ee gh ri ee x i? 2 i ? fit YO se bie ge tsases 43 ‘Ye i
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reer att sort bentatdo saw
b Pa * = . > Sues come 4% % mb oe Fe af me re Yeh whe F
5S. ait Be) BF % QAaSEO. gBSHhroray vs f ‘ Oe hpee OS “AB LA caw
‘ 4 pl dyes de mre CS ” Sa sey a Cyan opm SD
i ? ROTAMIO GSE OoGe a) Bervo wes Bes LS Tees Ig aay 22°C ide
ae oe ae oe me on te te hn Owe e ”
sicdd mecsiw awaits & TA MWSLOR snr bboow Dkm Samad t 2288 oldos TROMRS we
goeek ead Ye Licance fateh ot vd neds kus afattce orsstast on0
car,
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ap 7
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ise ro?
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beftam steven gar JE aweo eee mS Bus
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nuk att of enckathmoo no bered 2nw eink .S5eL
Boeke
rane Pileter ust control wekivities tn bat evadita were continued
saoperative project. between the Bureau of Plant Industry and the
Galifornia Department af Agriculture, the California State Board of
Forestry, College of Agriculture, University of Californie, and the:
Department of, Botany, University of California. There is given below
the amendment to the b&gic memorandum of understanding, which was drawn
ved to cover the nme work for the fiscal year 19233 beginning July
The undersigned mmtually agree that the memorandum of understand-
ing between the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant
Industry, the California Department of Agriculture, the California State
Board of Forestry, the College of Agriculture and the Department of Botany,
University of California effective July 1, 1921, to continue in effect
until June 3, 1932, shall be continued in full force and effect in all
its provisions for the fiscal year ending June W, 1933 with the exception
of paragraphs Fel and Fé, which shall be amended to read as follows:
Fel. That this memorandun of understanding shall take effect
July 1, 1932 and continue in effect until June 2, 1933, povided that
either party may terminate the agreenent at any time by a written state-
ment to that effect 30 days in advance of the date of termination desired.
Fe6. That for the fiscal year July 1, 1932 to June 30, 1933 the
California Department of Agriculture will contribute in value approximately
$9,000, the California State Board of Forestry approximately $3,000,
the College of Agriculture, University of California approximetely
$10,000, the Department of Botany, Untversity of California approximately
Beers
RU ne re a a ae
AIMEOTLIAD Wi “AGW JOMSMOD BeUs_METe Lie
>
begetoans avew atorottigo al asiiivitea foxteoe dant tetetIG
adg bua extaubal Gnald to ssetwh otf neextsd toelorg eviieteqoo® & BS
to frac fat? abrvottin® sft ,ctutivottga to Yesmiaged ataroti lad
add bat ,etarttle? to wWieterial jotstloaftg’ to esellod ogxdeotol
wofod nevis ef Sted simrotiia® to yrevevial yosto€ to jasntreqed
saath gew softs ,antbusserehar to ‘merbheroson olesd of2°Gs Jnombaoms ods
yin& getartyed Shel is8y feoaht ag ret slzow ovlieteqoos edt zsv0° oF go
JULGEaTER Ia TO BOdLAROMEM
deel sf vinb avisoetre
meorte® .
“Tae TuaAds Yo UAReUd , SEE TOIADA Ee PEMMTAATIC CRTALA GALTAG AAT
Ree aie panne met te at es
aia Glace atame alucUTLAd aan, WLIO Dies Yo umiteM ALWOT lua cer
a
ATWECLiAL To YOEMIVIED, TOs 10 WORMS Se CHA SATE OLEDA Mo AenIOO See q
ee tee
pietoti {ed at tewi cetetif ent’ ettaw untffordned af sho¥ evisateqood
& & 2
-bretersbos to mubaarosem odd tadd setas ylieudom hangterebays odT
gnett to ometet poted lvoe. to fromiteqet gedade betia ed? seewied get
atede abirtctife® off seal feoltsé To dxounttaged afatotiiad ony ayrterhal
senstok to saeatieast ete hos wiptfuotrsd to epallod edd ,cuiastet To bradd
foetts at exntiaoo of , 180i al yiirb evicostte simvottiso to yilereviad
ffs gi gooTte bas cotot [lwt af beunissoo od flede ,SSeL Ce eonl Ittas
roitganxe off ditw SS€L .0b saul sathee teoy fapelt odd tot saotatvoig ast
spwolfot 2 baer o¢ bedrems od [fade dolsiw ,d~% Sie fe% arigetaeiteq to
fests edad [lade eolbnatatobav to mudactomen efit gadt . ff
gals bebivesy ,oS0L ,0S sant Iftar gostts af smttaos bum Shel .f yet
wateee aetiiecr oe yd euttd yrs te doemeet5e sit etentwied yam yiisgq teddte
beriseb uotteninret to eteb edt to eonavba af eysh O8 soette dali of rem
act S8eL ,O8 emul of SEL Lf ylot im8y laoett edd tot dad? 2-7
yletamizozgee soley af etuditgnos Ifiw oxwiinoitgé To dromivaqed siarotliad
,000,89 yletamizerqgs ¥tisetoT to freot ofste alototiiad aid .000, 8%
eleiamtxoigqe alerottiad To ytterevial ,simtfeoltaa *%o egelfod ods
ywlotamtzorgas sferetiisd to ystetevial ,yastot to dxemisqed eis ,000,0L¢
$3,000 and the Federal Government in behalf of the United States
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Tadustry, approximately
$22,000.00 in connection with he work herein provided for.
Dee. 21, 1932 ni ene , Dudley i Ragen’ te ne 2 Sama nce nn nica naccrneana
uate data. wae Direetors Cattfornia Department ‘of Jgriculture.
oa
wT
vs cer nt denies oh
ae
CAVES GOB OS“ Stute Forester, California State Board of Forestry.
ge Be ;
£
44. %*
Tae alle 4%
ry
BeCGe. Tez
et as sy Bs a *
3
& tees
* Cre oe ay eck le oe Con TS ae tat Sod
LEME SNES id Gi am . 8 lee Dean : Col 7
at CE ete Celifornis. i
Se 2
Ca SRS Cen OF faieg
ege of Acrteul ture, University of
+
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wank. was a calla aiactll Pe oe
ic, Mea yee a
versity of California.
z
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B@ae er Siw
y he
te “224 Ee
ie DER
PERO OHNE tS &
3 TRL a8 aes i oy
Hi SR od: Gags
wed k CE ie
oted? botin off 4c TMarisd nt frsmertevcO Tetabet edd baa COO,E%
ylovamixoicgs «Utd aubel daslt ts ssexrd avd IvotirsA to tram raged
‘40% bebbyverg aterved arow ect dite sotsoennoo gf 00 000, SF
TO ae eee eee eee cece seiee-semny co ee te ant ‘“eger [8 98d
_oted Luarraa to. daoads ages’ atirrotifad ,rotoeskt inuonn Legis. 2 yale
. : * s oie ¢ i A
cere ace corte inert es meapecaaer peear eee Fe vent Ot Got oee
$eitaste to fiasd etas © akezotilaQ ,%o las oN SPATS
Sper igs eeu
emo Te ofl ni Sher .ar .oe
%o ytietovinl ,etat lyoitgh te enelio? aed
aterotiise
vs ee A eT iedatee kf enef OS .oef
,mtccretilg5. 26 giisrarin’ syaaton to taemtteqeS.
OO eee os Sher 03. .o8t
fh 4.2 cersectal taslt te ameiwe te de - -
“© SCOUTING, | RDUGATIONAL FORK AND NURSERY SANITATION
I LITORNIA
Car ther Cater ite By
My George A. Root
x} ae ah eeay As soeiet e” Patholo zist
SHiatoy, Ciacia, Watne and Ineeen Goaaties, hh
Maun saa F ar ee ner cm ar th reno ler *
LHR (ped By Ravria in bis recashal seats >
Lens oh Yate serene ‘eae? inception of active: works 4’ whivte rent? oie in
alien abit ing “tack to 1924) there naturally haz been a careful watch
kept for signs of the rust. In the nea pel © iy sy! oe aah yl of t nea a
stock received cOiiviterable ‘attention.
Tho MOVED afl ey ave t Tey Page ot ies!
SOR On By SRD the! gratin enraient water ‘gins bri ster wad. tae
lovee ited au’ or#emfred scouting program in the northwestern part
of California. Scouting continued into southwestern Oregon where the
rust was fond “in Curry County less thati 50 miles from the California
“Wine.” Tt 1980 and 1931 “seouting was again conducted in this general
van Be = a ‘as’ ratispaart northera Californie ‘as fer east as Shasta City.
32 ting project had been relegated to a short period —
Quite ng ie” el a a ion of otter "fiel@ projects. “It wad felt, in the
‘Tight ork Pagid of ‘the @isease in Idaho and Oregen, that # ‘concerted
‘scouting ‘program Yager duration should be inaugurated for california
mess tors vier ‘a "Large | ‘ger bet hear egy one: ‘Newada region. ws
i ge Oe teaie? isteresst
Sad Cmadenney* the work in’ Californie: ‘some Véeubing engssne Ye
war ane ‘asi southern Oregon. “It wee thoteht that the ruct might be found
further one Res ey every then Lap fem ll known bat seve was Gai the
oe a
‘ penne « es he ee aa aun pee ly te wo a
t: aaeeuthag eerie ri cartr beni ‘tel ta poor say « and continued with
“r4eete ain he first pert of ‘Oebober. oe
keno Liat thon ; SRO dics Nell % a Eee SreeUr ORK oes ae
“precinae tae sucess, teyaeien BP Ry i “0, sthtadtery
Serge tem Ph Te Me ae oe a Te
ER be Pe 4 thee bite Gade na
It has generis bess aaietel:| that the rust would make its entry
P uate. Califorita y y wey of the’ coast. “With this in’mind the first “scouting
‘Work'Was done in Del Morte and Aum bolat Counties. “Both harbor the very”
ceptible species, Rites tractéSsun,'in great alunaance and in some:
: le ssotiation with 5-needled'pines. “Om the higher ridgee,”’
of Del Norte ‘county, both anger and westérn white pine’ grow
a peare ble mumbers tut ei th a ‘senrcity of Ribes presént. Alone the®®
are River and sone of its tritmtaries, S-needled pines reach & comparative
od “elevation. The @rainage of this river affords = very likely place for
he ‘rust to Zein a foothold.
Scouting on the coast was conducted as far south as Eureka,
Particular attention was paid to R. bracteosum tut some of the other
222
i Re) Ck a a
HOIVATTRAG VASE SUN GMA WIOW JAMOLTASUGS OA ITUOOE
“ALMHOUTIAD bE
xa
. deet> A epteck..
setnolosved efaiooeas..
yg wpe
ser fyi « Sites PAR AG gen eae A
at dovinen teot tedeitd mt etow eviies To meisqesnt ext eonle
inten futetso a ceet sai Yliswwian @redd ,BSeL of soad gnidveb ataretifsd
yrostea To golsioeqenl sisey seiivee eff. SY, dat ats to eagte tot dqex
| tind te alderedtanes bevisoet xoose
si deer ‘tafelid eata etidw Yo baetge. damber old CSQh yh of ine”
fins mpeteswitiog entat wetgote gotiiose Bestarsve as belastraw 103610
ad? bredw geaetO oeteowdines ctat bepals noo, aalivoo?e stareti{so to
sieroti(so eid mort eelia 8 aed? eval yYsavod yrwWo af bavot eaw secre
fevexes, ett at batsobu0o alege eamegnidwoge L50L bas O8eL gic ,eagl
<“did- adeede gs fase tat a8 sintoti fad etedston gact9e a2 ifew ea notger
baiteo Mots eof hedagolet seed hat doutei aakiwoos add Sel of GU
adj ut ,tiet aew @1 wefooiotg afoit sehde te aoktanterred: edt gakwol let
bedueomes @ tact meget? das ofebT at oesocth ody. to haetgs off to Sdgil
aberotiia® rot Aetarmasant ed bicode vols awh ‘sequel to matgotq gatdsroos
Bolget sbeve¥ atiefa edd to moidiog ogial 6 ebrisank Sivode bos
ak enobh sew gatdvooa emer statottiad af aixow edt of tott
howe od fitgitm ¢omrt odG todd dogsrodt eae OT monet atedinos bas Latines
ih | ei? som saw Sose isd meonn elewcivetg asds stata aidd at djvoa teddt0t
BRD
Wi gdtie Soumigaes bas yivl etal uk asged alesothia® at row galjirost
wh | tedateO Yo gusq dati add Lido aoitgrrietat oftett
BOW WO BOL EAOGS
aoiuel gesoD
ystae edi exlem Siow desrt acid teeid bebeouso ased yilarenea ead 31
satsseos tatit odd Sokm at etdé dti® .dacos ed? to yer WW atatotifsd ognat
eiey edt wdred stoi .seisasrod doled anh Bue edtoK Lad xt snob ase stow
ances ai baa osashatia daery ai .mrgoptost! gedifi ,aeloece eld itqeosre
,geghit todgid ad? nO .asatg beldoon-d dtiw coitealooess at seonetant
i wots entg etice atedaow Bre tease dtodd sydaod efrod tel to vital istsg
HW eit aseolé .tueaerg sadit Yo ysloises s ddtw asf etedmem eldateblanen at
Nill levisaraqaep 3 doset sentg belfeen~d gattatiditd eft Yo omoe bas tovih Aviae |
Hi “6% soalg yLwill yev = abtotte tovit eldd to epenteth ed soltarele wot
A bfodtoot # aleg ot Jana ond
aigisd as divce 12t es batjombooo esw 32n0d og mo puidsone
| | aadto aft to amen dod greostosid 2 ot Slag sew aciiaetian wali bored
ili. Ses
be ‘hale ME
species wer, n0F ‘iver Teghia -Y
0
ee Me
3 4 a a rp id sas Oe Bate Trae 1s
qmiaty ta ‘the spt ‘iimad te: bmagiag Sececaaead \ as sonnets Skekt yon,
trinity, Shas o@ afid Lassen Counties. The Klamath Wationa? Forest
occupies a large portion of the western part of this area and is well
described by Harris in his reedntaissance report for 1927, This forest
Yes almost wholly within Siskiyou County, where conditions are! ‘favorable
as Per*saat ad" Yreka forthe’ rus $°t5" gain oateys :
ies wt e. PgR Ae 2 a a ae Lg eae ae = 5 ExeR Te ‘
DEGRA ie Rie Klee th River and particularly’ its érwetaeted: cont: ta:
from" ths north offeriezteltent aasécfatione of B. bracteosum and 5-needied
ines. &. cruentum is another species which will be a factor in establish-
bipttheieade: ‘in this region.
:
. One important area is in the Vicinity 6f Mt, Shasta City’
possessing matiy factors condueive*to harboring the rust. It has a relative
ly high annual rainfall, is open to sweeping winds from the north, and
good pine afd ‘Ribes assotlations are every-where tn evidsnee, Que other
x9 t — by ig Black Butte, @ cinder eone rising more than 1,000
t above the s countfy at the end of ® vast open platem. ~-
pe ‘the "paae-¥s the Bo “oh the north slope there is excellent association
of ‘sugar and western white pine with R. roeali, HB. nevadense, 2, “haltdi
and °R. #ereum. ‘Of yar betas ‘interest is thé preeenes of Foxtail pine,
Pinus balfariane near the summit. The base of Mt. Shasta on the west side
not At, from ae Batte: offers: ‘BeveraY ‘goa8 SEad peers on! ‘points. ©
Bie «= a
abies yen este stay you° Soult parthoat arty that ‘portibn Ging of
by Shasta ts x gal Ty good stouting eomtry. 28. eureum
pb Mare ‘fp oand east 5f Bil Arai t iat ied aan “gooa- Je Fy ma Ribés
pages eas Peat Tange just west of Mt. Hebron. &. roezii, R. inurme
ond 3, nse ‘to ‘be the predodineting species. In spité of these
Besoclations snd’ Pb Plt A of Teritant, the county” Ss-90 arid ae-to
te? Karlie ery invasion 6f bDviste? rusts ‘The southeastera somner of
Ps to be more favorable Por rust development partiewiarly
fier et icbat y of Bart¥es, yet here conditions are not very good.
if Modoe ‘Coutty offers Tittle inthe way of g05d Séouting territory.
nt aratively gt ‘white piné ts Present ‘ahd the country 4s exceedingly
f terrain “is of Yave formation and whist” wugerpite there
a. becustes roeky “plateaus. ° “Tie 6nly* ‘Beneedtecd ‘pines fin the northeastern
corner of Gata rata are ‘fn the Warne? Ranée near the sumait of Susar
H21) northeast “of Vavie Creek, Dut Ho Aibes are in Hose. ‘proximity to these
€P@s.°SGme “ftiportance can possibly be attached to the inspection of
BR. aurcum, which oomure gig @ or _— a 7 nee not in —— ass oak er
tion with pines: ° ? As : :
shaving Creve Jom etew aslooge
alawtifas oxcdizol
,ooybilere satetyqmco as bedamalesh eiguet ed yem £0 Enet eldT
feo! ferotigt dismaTd ed? .eckiauc) sezeed bre SoboM ,staah® .ysinia?
frow ef ban acts afd’ to Stag wteteew edd Yo solisog ewial a seiquose
Snatot eta? .f29L sot duoqet somacatenncont afd at efrisk yd beadivoash
aldstowst.ote aaclitoaos etode vydaued sogidals alditw <uffodw dzemfa eotf
YHae alay cd deos oft tot gist! es iaae tet a0
at aatmos sobtsiadind edt ¢frsismitieg bus toyed dtamalh add, 9 Zon
batbesm~¢ bee suanadeand .B to exctiakoceas iaeffeoxe xeTto ditom sd mott
etek (dedes ab codgat g od [fle detdw soloege tedsome at mudeesae .2 .esatg
' 8 zekget aidtst tent edt gat
“t!9 atead® at To ydiatoty edd ai of mote dnght0@Mh ORY coor gece
ovisafey @ eat 31. «Seat od@ gattedias, of eviogboco aetodest yram anicensecd
bro p~keton act meth ebaie gaiceows of nego at al fetates favens agtd yf
sede eaG -sesnobive ud, ozeria-Ureye ote ogo tiaisc gee godt bag eakg Sood
OCC,! maid stom peiviz eaop tobato se ,ediet sont th et, yd. igen datog Boos
eeeiaic seqo gears Yo. bee edd, $a YIIese potbarovise oid ovods. ise’
notietpoase dee tieoxe ef orsds egele Mxem gat a9, qoF edd o@ aged. oft moxt
Liffad & seaaeberem di i teoed: «i dike emia od ide, wie deen, har, zayee. to
~onke thadxol to esmexete ocd at gestedat tafsotired tO mente ff bes
hie faew ocd co esgade .2% Le ezat etl: of lamue. 984, 1H guek
wintes toftoegent Scog fazeres ataity od g& aoalt mort, tar. Jon
to jens weftére¢ dadd xfrafwotitaq syeoued wogbieté avetasd ees
mutase of wyrianmeo galdsooe Boog wtfeneticeoxe toa af gieade .th San aaletT
eedhi fen atthe boom Gace, OMe Medd roa sais1¥. to ¢2ee, Soaot gerkt of
amisat & eifzso% -So.mpxdol, &h to, deer jeot, saoet,cid al. ssotiaiocars
ensid to often ol .2efsoqe aakianincbeig ess ed oF moses Sanebever of bus
ot as bite of af ylavoo at? ~tracce® be dioce eteito Sane riottatsosas
to teatro. mtedeaedisoe sit toiee Sodektd to actaavat mebbue edd ehuloo tg |
yfiafoskitag suenago reyoh deut vot ofdaxovet ston of OF Btaegis yimuen, add
.booy Yrev fox ote cacktthaos eted Joy Re tral to ystetoty ods wt
sqrocivied sxtivess,.doeg to yaw erie at ef fall gtetic yiawod 90B0M 4):
“igutbeenwe 22 yiiagoo aid Sea jasewig of satq edidw afisit ylevitstegeS
otedd ont vague tade bas, motiencot aval, to at siaries add to slog. 4rd
ctesaagdeton adit at soxtg Sotbesa-d yiao sit _-guaetatg wloot geiguooc ef
tautk to dinewe off tase gael teertgt Gad nk sia efor thfad Tp testes
sacks of Yliminerq.esofe af ote aed li om ‘ud .deet alvell to deaad ‘rom (LEH
%o moitsequal oad gf Beoetia ad yldtaacg sine oouadtogat wage .aee'td
_eptopaes Boon atdon dad ydamos alas at yidsepet? sumse dotdw .mmeigs
£ee
w & t tisfact acouting
into the RPA LOURAT & ens Ph ge Bg th a tg Ae BF the
pre kexts species in thfg region. The area around Susanvilie is
fairly good territory. with considerable 2.. aureum.. “hat portion of the.
the, vieinity of Nestwod offers excellent, scouting--there is
‘ with, santas 2 2aand west pine. mpnoeiastan.
Sey NRO t OMS
a1 y. part of the...
‘Gomi ah careful. Anspection. R. roezli,
are the most abundant species. Near the
. caret BASS eee At lower eleva-
. with £. Lode The region
4 se - , eas Fay s}. @ECEREESe WAS chen Lota’
owe wWrere the of een rast hee bem found Tara Waster at youre anc
eth excel tend eite for blister rust 2ther taeoect. on
ns hey : ny ts . _ 7
made not Yer ‘daa verpanes at this report those countics to the south of
veep tar: REP ERP NAABIRE 08 SOs HAE, SAG
% NAT gp istarigé BGrS.. 21h
. “4 it} ‘> :
bia!
Ros
iitions Kon oat Spear
ai cay Scouts since fe: om ROARS aaA.be
gter mit P warrants 4 etiong in a...»
sisi AE ns ee fp a 3? Peer. apa tie ¥ Sw
of Ribes and pine. Exceptionally good areas to scout are in
the vicinity of Lake Almanor and Bucks Lake. ‘The enstern part of the
county is quite dry and little attention need be paid to this area.
Sierra and Nevade Counties are quite similer to Plumas County
and the western portions of these can be seouted to g00d advantage.
However, particularly good areas are in the vicinity of Slerraville and
Hobart Mills, also around the several mountain lakes with particular
attention to Douneor Lake.
The west side of Lake Tahoe in Placer County has long bee. cone
sidered an ares where blister rust might gain a hold. An abundance of
Ribes and pines favored by good moisture conditions makes this region one
to be scouted at regular intervels. ‘The same is true of this region in
Bldorado County, Although somewhat arid, a small area in the eastern
part of this county along the Alpine Highway south of Meyers, warrants
some inspection,
Inspections in Alpine County were made largely to zet an insight
224.
agiegooe yrofastatian Salt son 2905 oxo, giaueh soared 21... 4) os
edt af brane # ,bedoset ef odad ofgal te yttatotv on Flo nsr grt st09
et effivaseré basor sete ott .aotget sidd at egtopge palianionberg
edie to solétog ted? menus ff efdaveblancs djiw yrod fried boog yatta
al, aapdd-~nsbivoss, taeffaaxe, static bogedas! Xe yintety. edt af yeaues
aolishooqen only foge, bas aodih evotenma tile apne ate, ‘te. sspharints ae
ed. %o dane sodnets odd at peor) Rotel yaauod prede, mantel vad be ten ah
piamn <i ...mghiosqans, Uiftetas, ad cat rem, ame famed 3 elt ofgeate’ uum
eat t40% .makoeqe dnabade trom eff ote weeah Lh die ann@bates ood
-owwelo sevol ¢& .eedih om ted : newot ef ekinaeid’s .F aesent .ti to titemte
aolges aft ..aloaiiaas 5 dole, nottelncass ak. Siset emoks
2 asm Samos
ibaa sasdiliete seo. ini pinges sei
76 oket ee
to disor eds of: saltgico Seods, ¢toget etait to eenogsnd eit s0F
Rodpet evseks aad a bajanatael ete 9 EABARY. diciniea hee sigs
waatxa, eeottibaus gat su0o8 boon, yiaare® poner niatnes. em ap
van fle Ro ankg tegue, 2ebiseli latent to yi hate ty: weld 4h, Bg ed
weanty dtiz soltetooras boon at aod? = to sedsum saci & ata atest.
-gofaved J at. 20% sapkeibaap dacli eons auette awe bao bee genoa auroras
neni sad dazog hls on SFRi at Sersomhe ad bose %, eet. dale, me YyshS....dmes
amls. tads,.eouly peévons. teh dpatednt, aes, es ee ne
a mi snodiosqant einatiew, yiaued. sagt Xo. Bhach nuedeow vie
an détw ,coktavele daid “frist to af tf Yo foul rRoty unt imeee
ab. ete, droge. of, seats. hoog yitanoktqeaxt, -entg. Bre aodka ‘to eonshurds
edt Yo dsay wrtegene eh 2 2B gone bas tosemtA sated to uttatoty eds
cena elt of bhag ad bese gotinedse efssty Deu eb otisp ef eiaed
qoanseD “ eomat et tal tate at feo sta anti aued abavolt bas arte ‘
wpgadaay hs BOOT, ot betoopa od gam seeds So. snolétog yevad gon a ron
_ bas sl fiverreke.ie giinto iy seid ct es esate Long, 4 ftatoatiseg stow saoa
2 Alene te alt he. ici alatraom faxayee oz, hauove calg.os (Iti. sradoi
sae desta Pha end ‘tomo of soljanise
aod sped yrol. aad, yiewa> 299atS at eoriat: ead ww, ebie deow edt
to somahads MA Plot. & piesa ddgis deer notetid atedy este pa botebis
ang ckyer. aid? eaace amati tines, ottatos Boom ‘ed: boxovst. paiig how eodli
. ah soepire, efdd to pent ai. omar. on? ~, elayteiat satingos 32. betuaoa, ad ot
arstaee. afd ah aots Lene, @ hire, tadwemos, MaredttA ‘wyieared, ohatoal 2
ate sen cw saaeil te démon pea nie aiid ipini aaah ebhe. 40 éxag
ae: Baste ; ' aptaagiiellire pot
figtent as ten ct cfeyzat “ebam o1e0 cianed oafgta al hdd pong gas
pes
pe ae ee Ref
into the pinyon rust. Only, in the western part of the county near the
summit are there 5-needled pines Im association with Ribes.
In reaching Mono County it was necessary to go through a portion
- Of the Carson Valley in Nevada. A planting of BR. nigrum was inspected here.
“At sone re hala ‘these bushes may show infection which wil? be wmsually
interest on pate te tab Inspections were made in the western part of
: hein sey en rou hs Tuolumne County but no S-needled pines were noted
whe sate was Feached at the county boundary line.
pu iia dian ae ot Rives oa ofain aucselebiendl ¥ogin: $6. anpear seat over hhe
Sierra Nevada on the west side in Tuolumme County. Occasional inspections
were made: es far west as Pine Grest. Special attention was given Leland
Mendows where the pinyon rust hes been found for # number of years and
which offers an excellent site for witetow rust. Other Seapestions were
tere not ras te td
UMS Re pest of. the s2@250n for the lo. 5 an were whhe
Rinmacrdeeeenn. particular iaterest were those near the Calaveras
Greve of Big Trees. - te: yp are ideal conditions for rust development
@houlé 4% once gain.entrance.. This 4s attested by the presence of pinyon
rust on B.. roezli not far from Big Trees... This. locality like Mineral
end Leland Meadows. has harbored this rust. before. ‘the interest in these
places lies in the fact that all are in. excellent 4 a _ areas and
ree Tt any smn. pinyan. trees.
_ Sabre 2 Ho. 1 gives a , suanery of the ras mre peer in California
ala 3
fers
Zaps
. a oe
oft “ten ving adi te bray oreteow edt wt yind .tent novnky edd odah
vodhl ditty #otiaiooess a} aeate befboen-d eted? ota ?imnve
nottte, = Hacom) cg ct yuteeedam aw Ft “tatoo cook sxtdosst of 9
oted Segseqen? maw mrain sk to geltaatyg 4 .Abero® a? ‘serfal moetad scif te -
ulfaverur ad (fie dolde notroetal woxe qa aetend oasis ents suudnt omoe A
‘to trac eteteow edd at ahem erow anotiooqentl stasixequt bas yatteotedat
hetor erew sénte Lefsven< on tod viavod eammriouT od sérox as ysauoo ahat
Re. lsat Ytnbawod Yinwos odd ta decdoset cow tinue ode fhiaw
geld 1a96 donk «s8qe8 ef afged saohistooras saty ban gedia Boo
sttebieqent fexotemead .ytusc0 cemifon? mt ebte teew at ao ‘phavell sto f8
Srefel nevis aaw moftnssia fatoeq® .taard sat as feew tst es shan stew
boa ovsey to todeem « tot Sayot mee sad dent nogute eft etede swobsek
etew anctinacant reitO stent vetel{[d wt edie dmeffoaxe sa wtstto sto hil
sYxredwatts mort tah Jom $ basi
sham oro Hobget errele add 16k moss, ant To apotteecen! vast 0
nsrerated edt weet eect ster teevedat talootitag TO. »eixwod estovelad at
dramysteveb tauy tet eaoti thave fash era oxs% .seett ff to vrete
notaiy te sonéeetg Od ys Seteedte ef elit — .eoanty ne alas somo Si bY woe
feerenk® oitt vatteos! etait .asexT gif meat t3% ton 2fsc0% 8 ao geet
deed) ck teoxvedai ott seteted teat eidt beredsem ead awohses Ocafet bas
hee aagus eota tague tneffesxe at ote (fa Suds ‘gnuat edd of outf adosiq
Cu SE eye ptengetber sito iol gems mb TT as Liat
atetot? [ad at Stee suttwcen sdf Be ytesmne 4 sevts f we ee gC eee We
| pean Wes ae eee aatha te LeeAnn
a rn en ene ot prema Re RE NR i in RN
renenirevmennioman eines :
Af R8 er il Wanbor With] — fwembor
; ‘ai eat iL.
-
/Go od a | Number pines Leainea
on; n ster | OE ys com Patats
*This total is ¢ lpphsee ‘of Seb6G3 BR. xoezli, 2985. inerme, 2,630
BR. hracteosum, 1,871 R..mewadense, 1,005 2. crnentun, 795 B. aursum, 283
R. velutinum, 275 R. montigenmum, 169 R. divaricatum, 169_"._hellii, hae
lasianilom, 125 2. geram. 115 B. lobbii, 105 BR. incustre, 90 &. jaxifio
60 R. sanguineum, "15 A menziesii, and 12. klamanthense.
# Ribes 500 feet or Ides to pine.
#¥ Pinyon rust, &. oncigentale.
es od
Seo,
iM * 1 al hcl “ ; rer ener rte: tins - cae ; . a
| rr momansth - a ee et IE is
pial Tas i¥ soaaw’ § |-a) ro dawit ,
odmer thee peter
(aolsoogent sadust adult | eat book sey day edie
Lenecbinte’ pats intact es:
AR *
come Poe ele awe ee re rc mmo AD “ere
4
hice Mu» ch Pa L ~ ia) c ted.
t a
| ih catranereersittaioteaond nO Cr an
ne Seen "5 ain ee) eres Soe yo: Sat onee
Ln enn rere fe ee Genie. Faere we |
are varie seem ba ey eer pr ea” NE
beanie Lasnisitiie RIE BE ees & eo eee
re ee Sol peceatins ie ik ke oe
ana ta teh . : 7
—_ S a ee see ,
SS ena }
. PR! WEEE os mes ei suits AV o8
ee ="fres.t _1_Sr soiban waa a.
028.8 .earmaxt .£ Gees ANAS ¢ SEG,& to beeiqmon at fatod eigdT*
SSS .smassin “i hg uiaerm of 500, f f .exeebaven .f [98.f ,memeetoaud .2
o& Sal Ltt ted..% AE ,wetenizavth .§ CO! .memegi¢aca .5 aye — oi
wuortine? .2 OF oatuiaal wi GOL Liddell .2 Gf! HED 4 OSf ,sugitwsteel
Saxedénomets Jf bos .ifeetsnam A of neuaiaase J, 08
wate of pest to doe O08 eadth %
atedtuehiona 2 ,tew: soyntd Fh
So AS
CALIFORNIA SCOUTING MAP 1932
ie
Ws
WL,
V ifs Wt
GENERAL AREA
ee
LLL COVERED
ANNUAL REPORT
G.A.ROOT 1932
narod
heaceeccunte AND EaGommunud 2108
man ome paeebies of whe rast wored in Curry Comty, Oregon in
1928 ana again: in 198] JYeads one to believe it will be found tn De?
; ' 4fornta before’ very long. This northwestern corner
1a be continously stouted but’ it hardly seems feasthte to go’ further
swath ‘then Bureka in Humboldt County. Trinity County as a whole can be
eliminated until the rust, ds f ound to the north in Siskiyou County.
bamy “Northern ‘gtekiyon County should reteive constant attention
oxpecsatt ae the Klamath River drainage and tributarics coming in from the
‘4s Little need to go enst of Yreka, Ac stated elsewhere
in this reptits ‘careful Anspectitns should be made in the vicinity of
ue ‘Shasta City--onast of here Vittle work need be done. Modoc County’ can
be renee eliminated as, well ne the northern half of Sassen County.
ve "8°" pe! Seouting is to be done in the Sierra vista, and it seems
Sonate to continue such each year, eastern Shasta ond Tehama Counties
should receive first consideration. © More exténsive scouting is warranted ©
in Oregon, endeavoring to get’ the southernmost limits before assuming an
extensive Program. for those Counties” south of Sehrma and Plumis Counties.
ih i: With the situation as now known, little evobiane can be placed
in scouting in this‘state prior to Avgust. The later this ean be done
with favorable weather conditions, the creater the chances for finding
the Gisease. In a ‘known rast” area, earlier scouting can a profitably be
conducted. RG: she
RDUCATIONAL WORK IN CALIPORREA
The edveationa’ work in this state has kept pace in a seneral ~
"ak | with the control program.° Phe subject of blister rust’ is well known
it now betomes imperative to keep the public informed ‘ef progress’
made ‘pnd ‘status’ of the disease’ Pelative to this state. — ma
two exhibits were made during 1932. On April 16 one was
set up at Tae im conjunction with others representing plant pathol ogical
problems of the state. the general exhibit wae arranzed for the antiunl |
— a vatate a aeeinted by: mevenen ht per rc each year.
chars are Aa stucntiwnay’ teats in tha? way of an tint ddaatterbareptieon
sisintn ats: was arranged for the state feir in Sacramento and set up in the
exhibit of the United States Department of Agricelture. Mechanical troubles
de-vetoned after two Gays: ané further use of it was abandoned. Excéssive
heat generated by the machine itself coupled with the extremely hot
weather caused the difficulty. There is a place for this type of machine
in educational work but it hes certain limitations.
2228.5
BUC TTACMEMMOOEN Gia Ku teguoeia
gi mogetO ,ysenod yi of Seton tent aft te eemeeetg eft
rod mt Bao od ffiw ¢f evetfed of smo sbacl (Ser af atage bos OSPL
ycuton mxedgowsdtoa aid? .gnof ytov stoted stem tttTad ,¢tasod sttol
seftist og of ofdtesot emone yf brad di ted bedwose yfesoumtinw@ ed Sfyode
ed aso efodw a es yseuod ytiaktT .ydared ¢bfodowH at stot nadt disoe
cqiswo® woyttate at ditom edd of buwot af seur odd fiday hetentuhts
notinsite gnstenco evteoes biuode yawod yoytalale mrodisol
efi mort mk satmoo eskistadias bes ogsntath sovih diame! add yflatooges
ersnweefe betste eh .stetY to tease om oF boon ofsdtt af etcAdT citron
to ytintotv edd at ebam od Sfuode enéitooqent Intetas ,dtoget eidd at
man yao soboM .smob ed boan atow of tii ste to tese~-ytld ateais .t#
Yiaued nesead to fad mrodizon ei? es ffow as bodanimtto yferitae ed
anmee df bua ,nolyet evielé odd af oncb od of af yativese II
esitouoS emeioT bas steads atetese »Tssy dose dove ountinos of efdteast
hetearvaw ef aatdsooe sylesedxe stom wofisteblenco getit evisset biyode
vs uitonrmas etoted etiaif jsomertedduos sdf fog of gabicvescae arogerO of
wsottauc® eamufS bas amedet to Adwea ee htasoo aeokt tot matgo1g evienotxe
Beoste ed nag sosebets eftsif sword wom a8 acltavtte edd Atiw
enoh ef neo etd? sedaf of? .dauguA of soliq state eldt sk gafisone ak
anthstt rot asonedo ed tedseTR edt ,enoithbace tedisew efdatovat dite
ad yfdaiitets aso gotduvooe aetftes ,so%s gest mwort a ai eeseetd ont
betoubace
HROULAD Ul RAOW LAWOTRAOUGE
farenex & at eoag tqsd sad state etdd at dxow fanottaoube sdf
mont Ifow ef dearc todeifd to tpetdve off .matgotq foxtaoo aiid diiw Yew
aretzcta to homictal offdug edd qeea o% ovitersqmt gemosed wor ¢f bas
e¢age aidd of osvitefet eeasekh est to extete bus sham
esw ato SF TiugqA a0 .Séer antag obams eteow avidinxe ows ¥fn0
fastgofodiag tnalq saiineesiget etodte dtiw sotteayigoo af e ai ta qu tea
faunee edt tot bexneris eaw 3 idisdze fexecos off .otate odd to ame fdo ta
teey ions of qday basesodd fareoves yf Bebnotis et dotdw stroke ‘ eyoorrat
sootiqofad oltanctys a8 to yaw add af stuteot fanoitaoube sm.
eft at qu fe8 baa cinemarose ak whst etede add tot begnaTis kaw enidoss
eetdyots faotasdoe sist feoirga To Snomtisqes@ astss? begin etd to gididxe
aviegeox® .benofneds eaw #f to Sey sofitist Sra 2eyab ows toSts béoo fevob
fod yfemetéxe eft ditw belques ‘testi ontdoam edd yd Seteteceg teed
antdoam to oayt eidt tot eoslg # af stodt wd fooktiib edd beasrao toltas®
eaottadio£’ atatres ead tf dud urow fanoltsoube at
Several articles were prepared during the year. A short one
"the White B Be Biseter Rust at the ind of 1931" was given the Pacific
Rust 2rese.fox publication. Another, “Progress sf Preparedness for
Protecting Sugar Pine jgeinst Blister Rust" was printed th the jo22 °°
| roasy-areh 3 ae F the Honthly Bulletin of the Cali sornin Department
of Agriculture. The 193) December 4s*e, which ime out in 198, con--
tained a summary of the blister rust work for 1°),
On April 7, a talk with lantern slides was given before the
botany and plant pathology classes of the College of Agriculture,
University of California, at Davis. On April 21, one was given before
the County Agricultural Inspectors of Santa Barbara County at Santa
Barbara. On April 28 o talk with lantern slides was given before the
biology classes of the Polytechnic Hizh School at Long Beach. On May 12,
remarks on the status of the rust were made and a map ghown before the
convention of County Agricu) tural Commissioners at Yreka near the Oregon-
California line.
On August 4, ae radio talk “The Present Outiock in the White Pine
Blister Rust Field" was given over KGO and its associate network of
stations in the Western Farm and Homs Hour program, Radio is one of the
best agencies through which general information may be disseminated,
Educational sets were given to the state teachers! collages
at Santa Barbara and San Diego. ‘This completes the list of schools of
higher education which have reecived sets. Specimen boxes with
literature were sent on request to various high schools and individuals,
SANITATION oF NURSEEINS
Tae last of the pine-growing nurseries of the state was examined
regarding blister rust protection by ¥. V. Benedict in early June.
At the request of the Long-3ell Lumber Company an estimate of the cost
for the protection of its nursery was determined with other information
pertinent to this matter.
_ This nursery i situated not far from Tennant in Sisikiyom
County in an area of lava outcroppings in a semi-desert recion, Benedict
says: “The only S-needled pines in the whole region (S.P.) grow about
5 miles east air line, on the upper slopes of Garner Mountain. .......
There are a few sugar pine seedlings produced in the nursery and if
the appearance of the present erop is any indication of the quality of
the site for sugar pine production, I rather doubt if a blister rust
Gontrol allotment need be set up for the nursery. ‘This is of course
entirely aside the point".
20)
eno dred: A wtasy oft aakachbemsgetg ote" aefetite farcved
attien? oid nevis eaw "TECl to bai oat ts tegSl wotekT@ enkd ot tdW of?"
soho ageebogere tl Tor eee Tgh tH » a tai OBA, s,totiept (dae tetpezstl tank
SEe! add of beindag paw "teut total lh. dami@gs eab% gee. guitootet
tnomisage” abso tiisQ ods to nitelfné xfdegolveds tq augat dotel-yReuidst
maton {S608 nb dato .emao dolde «eek tadmeges, °F sy, _eatied, obeys... te
69F aa} atiow tan. apdatia eds 20 remem Doabed
aud a1eted nevis saw acbife azotnef dsiw fet a 45 fisgA xO
rut ivoliaé to egellod afi to eanealp manietian dat pas yrstod
eicise geviy aaw ef0..1S fiacd nO. .atvad, ts .aterott fa to yilexertal
aised 3s eiaued aiadied siane to atoise yank Laud tooirya yaauod oid.
edi eckadcoviz aon goblfe atsiaal Side tad % BS fda gO eigd38,
St yal 60 .doacd gacd tw foodng dy th olmutoodylo’ odd ‘tc regasta, we fold
EEG t
x
edt asoted svods qsm 4 553 ohan stom 4en7 eft to auseta, edi se.
-~foyett sid taea StetT de etonoteetomod fenudfuoftpa ytniro to notineviacd
oat t ataroti fas
oth’ ethhi ati af AwottnG docget tock” fed othat.o > darud M00 bfoody
46 storied eeeioosns 3ti,bae Gra tere gatty on "Sfokt janh satetis
gt to are ab ef Bak .aARBT ROT "ell. Sa TL bee stat getedsas? gat ail aaotiata
F
bosantmovealh ed yom aofdeario tal fareneg infiw dugoudd “eefoaeys tee
aage Lloe \eqgsdgaed omar e ocd ot savlg eT9u 239% \Sanobdenmbl,. 2,
bo afnodes to. dab! odd setetqamon afd? ..ogald gat bus argd7ad,otsae Je
ditv.aoxod soukoog? -.ete2 davisgst svad sistdiy aotisouhe,,reagid
efaubivibst dae efoodoer agld avoiver of deounet mo tise STOW ossates tl
AG hieah Wo GREAT EMRE 50°
bocinexs ase eet oft Te agers gtint qubvota-enig os. te. jeaal sat
a peel GLa sk dpkbeced V8 yd woliggdetg.d2ue ‘tatalid gnisiaget
a9 Ss Yo, OF aehGRs 24 qaagnel Tadmand . tleg<gaol ods to, dascyes galt t4
biawsctak testo die bemkerteted doe “Gis etes, edi Io soliaetorg oa 02
writen aldt of insatiieq
¢
m0
eteyhale Rack jnerimEomott ast som hesmadte we: meethecetde® Go or 8re
totbowed .cctget dtosebeiner a af: seatoquseevoceys! Tos sota: mboak ytaveG
gyro wove {oS ) wodget efedwacd, ak senta be fheated ylao edt? sayet
oo... otthatonch reatao ttc aogels tecas ant mo ,enkf tia deae eolia G
te Soe exer eds pal) begebord anehrbeee sala tagee Wats OTs prod?
4o “edifaup ety Xo aobasodbal gogiet qestotaseotT ofé: ko gonataceqa esd
feun wadebtd a RB: dded. xo FH25: i quot boty ankg: tagva, tot%oed 2a eae
gees Yeoh Skit pa eisr ius edt vo. qu tsa.o8 poon dcemte {le fotdace
ni vas Stunts op Se tdeteqvedd gbhtaangietitaa
én ater an, he Deere odes
Ga 2 ; perrah JG kets Se
mig nure ory at Susanville in
cine County ear exanin ine or . “he bed of sugar pine present
3 has g Renny removed and canes @ pines are now growing there.
‘The propagation of this seetes = a oned for the wees.
¥,
The ites Geulsey Here vase can fhadd “44 a8
eatabbiahed shots Ts - Rita harry area or bhe
Gaky one ePpeckowRs made pnd tort wee dvrineg the
early jun.
he Pellooing wirudiew dere nontiemed “ailing the (O77
Rt hes were ™ the Zessine cowass L
Rites seestablishment in ao ase ey oie Tir gal
Pimdetisn pine trode after
Bima moettgniisooent 2c ste a
i Re bee COGe wero wation cad dene ts
Rives eed wemwiaation and seedling
atbew cea ‘HeGrREe A koe dul wae 445%
Leelee recta ue etwd ies,
x ¥
se me
*
s
ALE oft the etetie m with
& } Rog
on ones SA4PHRGF ef the GSss Pe LS Seis se
wei te given Tor wack ous, fA apa He ge
reper’, paced Ber arr Oy 5 Dowevre? wee wd
—— iti he Gyan i
ae _ tke | Sayer ol 48 next i 3 Pamers an’ V5i) les Studies.
Puitiese: Fe etaiy te dafiusnas wt 64 fee:
Mey Rives. eotabli din sit awl wecemain i¢ there is
of thaven} ‘that wiki fehiBe’ cea product ion em mew HY ¥
eotuive aid iivan Unformeatien on the ‘mn of Saarly tae: One
opagen ae time Hike selhenadn Con mw te coed ta ad sex
bye tg si y ad Bets ah’ Pipes
et deusr bagi on eng SiMe te se
ois : ahi ieee Locsin Suma aut mii? sioie Tee ted 4d eho’ ge at sive
Wadi onsl forest. if Becsiow 88, he 4 Fp Bowe Re. Whiek were
iy the PorveutGervice en « tink gale * in Iee8, There
iG-sere clots sad eeckh won Lomguc
marting and «utting nractics.
2390 :
‘
~
56.
Bortt
fase
e .
Lg
sa bvi2¢
*
G
%
we
&
he
—
a
4
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@
ra)
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hs
oe
‘ey
Dt)
oy)
ej
a
FIC
ng iasw Ye
> > Be. ba
Re tS SERS AS
ma
2
he ttc
Mag ORL,
Bos
sadn acre
a a
7
~
5%
os
£;
¥ to we F¥sQeqoetd
i?
& a
&
53
Pt
Fs
i
hae
bat. Segue ROOLOGY; "GA BYFORNIA®* aan
stendard Tore: oe jer! 2091 By ! bt
Be ETL i 43 33 tr? ¢ ants i} hy mS Sey OP yanic A, ‘Patty neat e4 kare ea Gis %
dist) a bat Od, HOBAKLO RR pe “Asstatant renee ee Sess ‘ ,
5 dh ee Raa Te i Wes te & R,
INFROOUCT LOW
Lot | R.. Maro, ct ans copiing i¢
cabling sy ape ange ‘aeursey 8 wore wes" eon rinea +6: Sb chia tiie “6.2 'the
éstabiished plots im the Strawberry area of the Stanisiaus Batisiial Forest.
‘Only éne “heck wae made and that was during the latter part of Way and
vhaetig. June,
‘im “ a
practios reise -fighze auveatee: were ‘contiamed aaring | ‘ine 19s” ‘geacon
fiz earl cade.¥ «sare. ae! “et. So Ex
stan Bac Bites -garvey of “the hecinc hiss and mill plot studies.
B. Ribes reestablishment in sugar pine fie ang. sh gil emg
pondéross pine tyoes after logting,
evedio@he Rive $ reestablishveut. in stream type: canter Leeging.
ae 8 Dy Ribss seei gemination and seedling ‘survival. a
iste are Ribes ‘seed germination and seedling sirvi vel “on: ey loves.
“bes Bee Ribose seed'stomace tn tie duff end gol! *
ars ie Miscellaneous ee age Lor » gabes oo 27.3
Bere ate Fe ne $3 ANAT: rE Wai Boy:
All of the studies with the exeeption of A have been described
on pages 247-267-0f the 1931 Aunntial Resort’ so only tiie remilte to date
‘wHAl be wiven for “each one, “An necount of appears in the 1929 annual °
report, page e 267+270; ee “gone 00h £01 eae nde yoeer i 8 ned eeepating $0 this
study will be‘given, ~~ = a
on the plote were checked es welt’ a ite Of Eos sia x
uf Ss. ‘of and Mill Plot Studies.
‘Purpdge:' Yo study the influence of different cutting practices
‘upon Rives establisinait’ and ascertain if there is Any feast ble regulation
of thevcut ‘that will ituhnibit the production “of new Ribes ‘plants, Also to
‘mequire sdditional information on the amount of yearly geno hy pm “-_ the
etua tome ces ign Ribes seed beset ag 7% ‘to drag ‘Srv a att gs ;
Ai. the ciatine AF. EF WAS BD Be
able Ribs 4 Pligg ale née itaertnictaty? « Thi s ny - er conducted,
‘pn the three. logding i e' and mil¥ plots located in the Stanislens °
Wational Yorest: 4m Section 28, 7% 4 N,, 8. 18 ©. which wre © e¥ubl fehed
by the: PorestGervice on a timber sale arez in 1929, There are three
15-acre plots and each was logged curing 1929 according te the following
marking and cutting practice.
“Heino lodia® srsdeiaes 2, 4 ini
mae LF ee,
WO LT OUR
sit to anon siitoeta of Senttsoo saw sow vaclons sedi sAT
taero fonctited emaiaiaagé edt Yo sors orredes id? odd ni etofe beds tidstse
bos yall te grac tetial edd anivod sew fade bas ebam aaw doedo eno vind
ort yitee
:gosaea SOL end gulanh Semzi¢aos otew ealbate gatwol fot ea?
eothute golq (Lim bas sgsmab nefpmol eft To yertoe eel fn
od.
~enig tague bus tit-ealg tegue of dnoaulelidadesati eedia ja
saingel xedia eecyt entq agotehaog
paingel tevta eqyd ametie af daonielidajeee: aedifi .O
| Javivire gpaiisess bas ootiectiote, Seer sal ix .o
eecole yrh go laviviwe axtibeas bas notdanieneg Seer zedif i
Lice Sas Ties wit al esatota Sooe eof ti .T
-asiauvés esoensif[soein § .D
hodftaneeb cecd eval A to aetiqeoxne act dgiw solbiria adj to [£4
gts of eiiment odd ylao ce dtogeh LenanA [50L ofd to VOS-VAE eensg ao
fanene @80f adf mt eieeqcs A le tavoonpa cA aco dose tot nevig od Ifiw
nidt of yaistetveq edateg Lanoljiobs eror ,tevewor :OVE-TOS genaq , Projet
mwevis, od [fiw youte
eathese tolS GLiM bos sgamed guimgel off Jo yovire sedii A
geottosta gaisico duorelits tc esaerftat edt yooda of SR OgTLT
roftalimer eftizaet yra ai ered? Tf alatveses Sak isemciotidagas aedifi mogus
of oefh .etuele sedif wan to mottorbotq odd 3idbiet {ifw sant giro ens to
edd bus seitanteres yltsey te fanoms od¢ ao soliaato tal fanotsibbs eaxiopos
nation o tee otaxinves; ot amitaon bese eodti amis ‘to dignel
hedoubaoo sated ef vbode eit! iigentgetd bas so tecties’ told
witelobenss add at botasel stole (Lim bua saeme6 gatonol setdt edt go
hedetidagee o1sw dotdw .0 Sf .29, 0S 8 88 mottoe® af seotot fazolsali
sovdt ere sted? ,@8@L af asxvs elae todmté a ao saivte® saerot old yd
antwefio% eff of yaloreses Q50L geiis beguel saw tee das atelo exos-Gl
soitosta gaittivo has gabtram
~"VWaatked , eut and logged in accordance with
dmber.gale practice of the Region. © This
11 mature timber tut leaving at least 3 well
e or Shear pine trees per acre. All of the
ted ae amach as possible, : (
aS eo
ae tae
Marked, cut. and lozaed kcoRilng. to. a heavy
¥ “mérchantable trees of all spasion te 4 low
an evéial. pre cti ce)... vind at oe the regidual
a
EY
Metked, eut and Yaeeed in ncesrtaley) ‘with the
economic selective logging plan, ‘leaving all Me
below &@ DBF. of 30 inches. Much 4f the residual |i |
‘are cake within jn ares "fram whieh Ribes were
eradicated. in 1926 land again in 1929 prior to any logging, The exact
manbe® of ayete or acts ‘eel by the 1926 eradication ie not knows. for
eh | ots are logated there was an Average of 29
plots ten chains away showed 20, 32, 56
“or an n avers for - penny acres. ae 87, 5 Ribes per
Fite ln “eat.
Agi sve also beet aired around the outside of ‘the three
in plots rar a Baebes ice of a mile or wore on the north and west sides.
A record wes mede of sik the Rites prior to logging on a 8-chein strip
surrownding the plots.dut the bushes were not removed, In 1932 the Ribes
on thé plots arta jcked as well as the ones on the es strip outside,
bat a neit were. they destroyed.
Results 1 dats: Table No. 1 gives o summary of the mumber of
ib heat me, ‘live stem per acre fouiid prior to legeing in 1929
and three His green in1922.. Table No. 2 gives the same points for the
2~chain strip: nd the. outside. 'Although tie definite conclusions can
| sabdy for several years, a few poiats are indicated.
ne aysteas appeer to permit the establishment of « formid-
able Ribes| br ora, . Th years after logzing a large Ribes poptiation is
present in spit i. fhe fact tint the old Ribes were removed in 1926 and
1929 prior m loge pe” ‘Stored seed ast account for at least part of
these new 3, .
Hig
{
subtaet
dtiw encneitoceos at begyel Sua due ybetred of
eid? .molyeT eff To ssfisatg else ‘Gedal cia deetot Srsbaste
ifow © teeel 4@ actvael apd tedmtt opptan Ils zatidem eevieval bodtom
aig to {fA .eto8 t9q@ gerd, enic tepee so oalg seotebcog boted trtetd
old shah &2 sett sa befsedoto et basis favdteet
yvned a of gutitenos beaxol has dso a & 08 tolS
wol = oi, aaisege Lin te; eeetd aided madorex Savomey ieinw meteye gatiteo
lavbiee:, edt. ke. sev¥ laren anna eager ot imil, setemaih
oe tt af eaiaemncs™ nt ants
ed¢ ditty eovabtesos ai Semnol bas do ,boitek (2 of old
iis, paivasl .wsig audgzol,evitoeles okuesiope aa af Sebsenmpet so lioai¢
eas to dosh -aedouk O5 to 4.9.4 2 woled esntc [ia bas tabeo bas 1fY
2 Ne V4 —— Saate
erew sedi doidw mor? asta as "abate setepol ara etolg onrdt: ot
toaxe ed?.. .padnaet qws.od teive: @S0L atoatega bam OStL ak bejmothate
Tol .aworsl sor ak notvesibate a80f edt ud bevoemt-etem xeg eedifi Io red ann
cS to. ageteve ae ecw oteadd. Se¢acel, ele eseig Seiad. odd colon at aoold exis
62 8% ,OS Sewode yous saiaip, ced siele et0e-erst. wel, .etas Teq eedifi
1m sedid & VE te estos Yinows odd tel spepeTe aa, Te. ates teq eedif Sh ina
50D RH naga ond stoted st9%
eld. ond Ae», 5 esd, bapretan cotieani need? ‘onde watt pods -
ah. pdt boa dét0ea odt.Ke, stom, 19, alist a Io onnsis thes 30%: etele erabial
qitta otede-8 «a0 geiggel o¢.teliq rodtit, ads, [is to shser aay Stoser. A
gedif edt SECL al .Bevremet yon e1ew assecd elf dad etolq edd satsopertes
,abiadie gitde siaio-8 od} oo eaco oft ea [low es balverio grew atolq ed} ao
Aayoutesh yeds stow sesso rediied al dei
a
28: age ait te yieseme «a sevig, fee) cldet. > tg3e6 of ~diee sh
gsel.at nekpsol at. tole, bapct > sea: tea: avde. ovii, to test ect San sodiil
ent tot agsiog smug ofd.aevig BS ek efdali, S8@L af tehel eiasy sont? baz
aan gaotasionos egiaiieb. om dgweddia «.ebtedi so ef@ cauets) gttde omtarion&
betsolbal eta ataiog. 994.8 ,etssy. isrewen tod. ude ekddumor? cwetboad
—hiwrot = to saeodeiidates ad? ifsireq o3 tasqas emeteye patito ond to ILA
ae! aoitealoqeg eodil .eptel a gityged tedts eravy setdl: - stellt vedth eidna
2, BS2E al Sovewex ste eed th ble addtad? tye? add: tovetiqa al tkeaanc
to ¢tsq@.tagei te: te euiehiel Og tas: ohiaiv vive swpobaned od rebtq Qb2L
» cole seeded wom oe edd
Sohne aller
u hud
. gone xed Sausng SFL iea _s saFT. ae | ries Sisy aod ese aAT?
A PT Oe
& & “M9 8Wp SERGE = + ‘C44 8S tie mIeyO GZS
DOT GaouY diuas NIvid-2 40 AMANNS SauTe
bart BB ag & en ee
; = & : aR my | Beyer ab am, perso SHUN “G26T UE pepeotpeae pus peqqoTd @eq ty
aaa ter Lek tit
a a NE! I a NT Oe en I | aT RS
ens — —
=) Sy BS toe
eS ESSE Mee wee
4S PATT| > 301d
£33
gana entes ir er
ST, a h 5 Es <2)
“(eer af bolao thats ton dad Geass asdis .e8el st bod ao ibars bas bedsela sed if
-. $208 guaat ©
SRaUTE. on tas, ‘dha sonnel wrseo PeUOLA: ues
Se ER NR ek aero
$02 ruse
oS A ST HE a a Nome riedmaatiameainermdnahe one —e wonnisspes Aibinantbiceien Pe RN CL NTE me RD. NN NRE CoS Re rr tenn gi ART a aT re CE pan 8 ATE ALOT COS
- wos é : a enema “aston oY kee von ee oye martin sym prarent a
30 agile ato teh alae |
| 4 gesard |. Siok ted wade ovid | ¢oft |
ARE es en” |
333. ne "ecaraagccaiy
_ liad ss =o i liaier = 90% ies. aL om oi tate seat A vou.S) xed oui)
[Bes {Be mae? Se Tes : as SE be ile z) _* OS sop eS
10.80. esas [a.vse be So (en hse |} osg- | ets |
OST. ee ore FRET $j 2.588 wrote “Ane Ts.5 = $8 | OL sr ee et wn Samad
7 i | i {séeoT
| | Le oad | Peo en: | ih
lae3 | saa 4 Be le .ofe) 3 .sen. S35 5 | aos Be best i Sf jenstovs|
S80f to BS@f HE bedeotSaxe gon aodfh
CESS
Pim -Po nderose ind au | Sugar Pine-Fir
| rereen Nene ve oy
rd ‘Potty desdétied,; on peges 251 and 252 of the 1921
Hse red ‘to date are shown in Table Wo, 3. Ribes seed
nage to any extent until the second year following
F gemiination has made a material drop, due in
om gf source of néw seeds. io doubt there sre
e soil that will be bought te the surface
diet ances within ‘the next few years. The feet of live
ing the last two Tepresents mostly sprouts from bushes
e? digeted;) This sttdy should make an interesting
ecg tn int ; the Ribes have been removed every year
an at | not. aN een iat
os ail ; ‘
¢ -$hie- study apperrs on page 254-of the 193
eives. ‘the results to date, New Ribes bushes
started app saa § “gumbers the first year following logeing,
contimed 7) ; the-~ Fee oh poets apart year-end then-mede a decided
arop~ the third ye, years iting bashes haye been eliminated from this
plot . this m eeomt ¢ or the:drop in new bushes during the thira
ar, There jee!
ore is ‘a a
Pome Reve
§
» Up yarn te
wo hese ear.
in eo
med
aed |
hou
ah
* “ed
y oan ee
ep | : ay
hg § of
hae] 4 get
roe i bes :
4 ‘ bE ;
ent 4 & : ;
ae : ae # uk of
ie : m =
H 1 ed anal Oe a }
yal i Re te RS Bee ee paras ~
i ro ie ea ee at Fi
G73 ; i ; Shs ce ie ;
03} bls PEs Rais SN GS oe oe
at toes Ye o-8 r : ina
uate i He es § ise anys ‘a £ }
iar i : et “ai oH
bs a *, ry 4 i:
ell | 4 % ps ad ne 2 ‘e H é
reas & saps " ae mmadlt 2 aah es ann cy 2 nein eee eee
bak » ay Be us
hig f ; fee B a3 i
a) & = seh 4 rigs oy
‘ aS oe eee WE vt
nee GS : OC «ee So Malt P
ie 3 a ee t
| ERE I, <P St Reta SAI ane nerienin fr -
- Sag id bo a op a ; '
4 ge bop ee ee e072 “4 ai *
+ RS | as as a5 baa ,
3 (. Biome & ee
me | he & i Os Puen an a) y
rat aM ) £F9 oR ot Bs
ae onttah Sie sce ipineace . £
:
} ‘
; “ & io i?
; ae ¥ ‘ 4 a ,
we $9 be gs ;
? Si tas 4a vi ir a
| fe tii %y
Aw en a es eT ae ee
‘oni 2 “saath Be axiS gno1sbaoi-ertd eat a a ee
[eel ag + ey eae | bus 168 segeq ao , bed Promeb ee 7 thi
See refi -.& .oF elds? at awode ore stab ot at ioe ott ote 4 adxeqed Larrea A
aikenlioct ta9y ddeoes es2 [tiae Inetxo ya oF stent toren re lage ton 5£6
nt oebh- opti ieitogsn | % bam gad not sax bones ‘189y, Bessa Pe at base mifage I
ete sted? doved oF
erste oft of Ydguiesd ad Iftw jad? Ltos sat ott abe eae Yotian, Ltd
evil te dset e@f “ethes Wet teen eng midds tw sonnadh? eth’ Lice "renee wr yd
suizod mort sévettck ylirom stimererqet eise¢- ows teek- ‘eeft - gar busiy Sourot mode
qaitsoredat aa eine bivoda ybuse ati? Jedao toate Pca tied erew slo fw
Tey YrONE Bavorst end eved eef ti edi 4 af eecened A~ybote' ¢¢ moeitsqmos
ton vedas, wat vine patanol: ~eoate
pata god of tote ocx mewtt® ot dnnpasttéatoeet sof2 0
[ker oi to BS eye te unseqae ybinte add te sottqrieet ost
weciecdt aedla wet .edab of as Leet edd eavia “p cof elfat .stocek [mentees
. aetsagod ago! fet saey faait edd etadonen egret: ak sa brasqcs betrete
bebicot # stem sedi Sox tedy intoves <4) atey setae ott” tuede ts boon td a0
alté- mrt bedecinife need ered seiesy gatihmet cps,” brbie edt af goth
Stig old azinwb aatieod wen et goa edd tot dorpnoa-xen efdt has tog
srecit wan? ‘enh a Asse te aywtoda TElae & bg tots at ered? .188y
baa f eat at el oredt
“PSP IOUT FOU SHul[ pees aol wejs SAT fo year,
a dal
~#o'y
AGSz
Res
voz ya73
-3OT
iagiy
ae] |
CN
a
Se
ae — a a 8 a Me RE RB 3 =. 5h BIBAS
1 L900. Eo “eae a sass auoce Ba Besa “2z0g: CHOLES Sa006 WI VAUMMELISATEZSH ZETA
Se Orme Aer ERNIE Doin Ta re
a
iT aes “ane var tH oni 5 Sebcateotenlt sepa | 8 a <i¥-anit taupe 20k go aedif 18I-sulS tag,
bedsoiberd sefiB {| ames mg mpbat cf Say ae i ee ese ayge4 atotel Setan theta
aoisaal ero es MMs Be Fae aOR oe: 2 =
2 of sol. Sg boat mo : = . ge 3 Se. 08 Fe i.
sedeei | t29% (to 7 $0.0 : ie Het cee oe fae. <T oda Foot te .c8 | to .oif — dost $o .o8 [to.08
7 lsvid S£0}- -beski °% ~ a “pyid Pea es ae ahabea es B10 ~ Bed B1O}-beet! ent?
ativtt |moté |sedesitpegati f eget f atit moze jeadertijagail: stad
te% | 185 <a ted} ieee ¢-)- ‘ : - aS) SS ime i ae) 137 =
st gi94| 8 iL BTod rio A! SESE riod) eoalbeln
= a
sanibetaen
befeion? Jon eanifiese tot mate evil to fest*
re SSnsSs=s=S=SSSS SS = >= iS ————
a a : a =
a nme a a a — — = — a
=-2 = eS ae Se Ses = ~~ 2 ees, Se SS SSE Ce SS SSS SSS SSS SS ——- == SSS SS SSS ——eEEae
TT le ee - — — ————— — =
— a _ _- SS = —_-— = A 8 AA A -_— —_—_—_ -—- — —_—— --
SF EN oF RRA RR
= Sa ae OLD
Arr ei t
eS dediie toe
ee
Gah ae tae) a
IO
‘STS4
~O%
eee pen
PTO
a ee
236
Sut ecimbetigoteaee casis
FS mm NE I a Sree
wreo pafdan tered Safa tT i
Ones at 4-2 Sak at. LO -2
fae ies is ES $=. ore Basrot ee eamesg jasd ki
jak: githe ict pheke sa ttactorred saittantan90| bio
S8QL <} £808 Ofer ct. ecel at «|. sedené
| at Bast
BE aes Stk EE O5! 155" meee ost set 12 aia a St re [os" 2
se Ds eta al oi lk sclehc ek ef
a - Be Sis) O01 3 : * fs “is j
f HIGTiBS | Sf F S' {8 (ear io xs
= lo 0 k maar
ory
(S08 LL o fer £ {OS [ES | eis? |
at {gt boot | -oge}
¥i
o le. | we
Bees . <9 a agente rey) Sane ane me
“te fa
; ae the lal as_iece in jo foe le ee eas} Sit
wae- EE =.
ee oe —= - — _ ==
= — a. <= SS SS Sea els <1 SS Se — — = = == SS = = =
patie A _ — - —=. = See
Dd. Rites Seed Germination di Survival.
| This study was originally begun to determine the effect of soil
dis ieee ‘on Ribes seed germination and is so titled on page 260 of
the 1931 Annual Report. The data thus fer have shown that removing the
duff and siirrifig the soil or stirring ef the duff ané soil together make
wae most. favorable gonditions for Ribes seed germination. Therefore the
wan a ey has been. changed to find out the percentege of
vE ve from year to% veer. fe change pat been made sia the
ie ot the ne plots. ee hn,
ew! Lk
; Saar colums ee tavte Wo. 5 aie the dusvibet ae +
SODETE us 1931 seedlings and. the number of seedlings that were found
‘fn the spring of 1932, ‘The seeds that vroduged the seedlings in 1922 on
+8! Y929".pl ots have-remained. dormant. in. the goil.since 1929.. There were
170 yolunteer Rites present on the 1929 plots in the fall of 1931, 105
@ied and 65 were living the following soring, making a survival percentage
of 38.2. Only two volunteer Ribes neve heen hon S on the 1930 plots and
they 1 were still “alive ‘3 1988.
eae 2
4 Awad BS ie a ace ri ' Sam wes
© ~ “ae ie Fay he 2% er eg
Le Uys TiRve cS fae §£ Bini TREE 3 5
ef the lee? OBR PS sax Hens fremcc? « mercer
er ee ee ee ee - aE SURVIVAT, Asi SHED” MTNA TON
cv sar : rst om eoiih len Sag Te ai 2 ie. €«6ThelTe ae eS
#3 Wy S34 le ae < “iid iG TiS oe
af timber] tartar of Seeds}
‘of “) Survival |" Tings ¥ound
|_Deaths|Percentage|in Spring 19
rare eb “Geseription of the ‘stndy popears on pages 258-260 of the 1921 .
Aopial, Rapest. Table No. 6 gives a summary of the Ribes conditions on these |
plots in the fall of 1921 and the spring of 1932. On the irrigated plots i
conditiong for Ribes survival are better than on the, dry .ones.. Mo volunteer
seedlings were found oa. either one.of the plots, wale tine that ihere are |
Arment — ns WE dl aN are Aegeteds,: eu beaa
Ks r
SACews Mh LSTAL
> * gf
Pas
Javiy we set Two? pon Sty, an k hs G3:
iloe to tnstto edd entmreteb of negod YLIsntytxe enw. ou bps
to 08S vaegq wo boléit oe at dus molgenterep boos. £0 |
oft gitvoset fad awode aad tat att etek saY idsogek.. Taina LEek ad?
exam tedtegod [loa San Ttrh odd to Batetite to Lior edt afiviise bas Ttrb
ait erotetad? .cottentere, bese sedi rot enodt taaoo aliatonst feom end
to sgadaeots¢ edt two Salt of begmado seed ead bude. veld ‘to sxoqirg
oft at sham ased ead spain of “a TARY mort aebrioe dag eanifbese
Fg adi to qu-dee
~taeotse Laviviwe oft weds @ .off rant at inalitoa| cant. teal ext
brat orsw todd? eguifbees to codmma! edd baa ast (ooee OL & ‘eid XG ons
@o Sher at egal i buss ast boorbots Ptedd ebeea ont Seer t c] reine ‘gold at
etow a1enT .PROL sents [toe edt mt jkemiob beatae gal adoig @SOL ssit
OL ,Léei to fiat eid at etole GSeL edd no. tee! iq aed tA seetasloy OTL
SHeToT eg faviveite #8 pablam , sc itge adbwollot edt sckeli eves 38 bas belb
baa syots OGL ent co havo’ nead vad aod 38 seetatrioy owe. ¢fn0 Ss {BE to
yoniee at et tac ae ks ot oH ii
wovol? yr go Lovivn® gut theese pao. o Lop 190 dove gedit
f5@L edt to C88-8GS esnac mo stascen vide: and. “> aed aghionst, A
esedd m0 Eeitvote gedit edt to ytsmure & eovia 8 .of Bidet ttogel Lenn dé
atelc betapizit edt a0 .ShOL to gatos: edf Son [SRL to ifs? ‘ad¢ of siolq
~setorfov of ,eeno yrb edd so cadd tetied ots fav ivars godt’ et > a enotsiono
oi2 etedt tasit pean} ew. edf to eno tedtts Re berot stew exatibess
ejagol sts apola. oat: SEY hetote® aot sedi on
Rey WERE PTUs. CML GLY . bo. &, ge "
! purpose eihd deeeri ction « of fey uy | te fowna’ on page B49
of the 1971 Annual “Report. Ah examiuetion of the’ eee thr t were placed
in the flete' in the fall: or I9Bl-revesied that 9.3 per tent of the samvies
of’ the’ top layer "22,22 per eéht of thosé@° or the middle layer and 27.77
per cent of the ones from the bottom layer contained viable Ribes seeds
which had germinated’ end prodieed seedlings. There wes an average of 2.2
seeds per sample for the top)" 1.7 for the middie and 2,% for the bottom
Yayers; These reshit# cannot be teken as final becense more Ribes scedlines
a provably be rena: next = ene" to ‘the deleyed tormancy of some of
1. In the fall of 1930 the teps:of 80 &. roezli bushes were cut off,
leaving the crown and the roots in the ground , and in another group of
80 bushes both? the tops” @H@. the’ erowas'were cht off. A check in 1622
shéwed that’ 40.6 per cent of the beshes with tone removed were stil} itive
ana that 4@° per’ eet. of these were bearing fruit. Only one per cent
survived when both the tops and crowns were renoved and none of these
were Senrthg, feasts’ Gt the Ri bie
i Pe we aenie bl i seer’
2, Several hundred R. see fruits were placed on top of the ground
in scPeened boxes in 1929 to find ont how lone ft would’ take’ them ‘to
gsemmindte! Phe seeds of thése fruits have been subjected to dessicetion,
6x€ess Woistufe, frosts and fungi. In 1936, 1931 and 1932 some germination
has taken place mt there are still a lerge number remaining that apvear
-to be viable.
ne * " é, oy ea ¥ pi — lt 2 .
Ga 4 OW RAGAe Bi Aa (te Bis By Pgs Se EE ha SR Ph I a 9th be
2 Bo Ak NOP RS Ay ORIOL A A ils ean DY j
; eS =< See- a See Sti -
ee et
(“hoeb te Lon TED geome aaa ew eae oe oh ~.-
ord} esoif| Lavivise | “te A ee Bane %- a: at Coe: ban a beni Hida
Soe aairg ot js aeices o5% 0% a SPOT anita <_ Sfhood ort:
Be Suk
ia ‘2
I a ae a ee we Mp
SBS eset mo Sait Ot af vbute ats to g biqhtgaeb baa. beoctrg. ‘sit,
beoala etew jad? eefoass adi to soltanimexe aA wreqei Lauans reer ey it,
eelcmae odd to tues toy £°.e0 tacd balaewes [89S to ifet edt at atelt odd mt
SULTS fas toyafl elbbim off Yo Geod¥ Yo tase req SS.S5 ,teyal qot edt to :
ahooe esdifi oldeiy beaiasaco teyal mosied oli mort aano eft to taeo Teq y
£.S te exeteva an saw eted! LageklSese Boeombotq has hetentanre, bad so tiiw -
motted eft tot £8 baa olbbim eft tot S.L .qod add tet olomse COG abess
onetibeer.eedifl. stor sersosd dantt 24, setet ed Joncao.atlimer peadT Jereyel
to. omma. to. LOmMsaseb sien eds od oom: ‘satsae tent give, ak Ud sgotg, litw
OER Cae P| igh? #083
pe em
SEAN ph a i
‘Yto dgo.erew etdesd tlesoy .f 08 to. ius ns. ek ‘30. “Tht eit ite a
il te grb ima tetiess ub bork. botvews odd wh edoot add baa aweta olf: Gatien
Mt) SECL at woede 4 210 dvo stow emyet ald baa eqod ead dtod eedard 08
( avila [itis sree bewenty wey débw Bedead od To dna Taq 2108 said! :
i tsa tog eno ylnO .dtett » galtaed etew saodd To gaeo teq Sb dad? Sas q
[ Seedy to Seon fg beyenaek crew omworrd one eco" be iow medw Sev ivive ;
I | aaieeae a Gat Raia thy | j
4 . ve if i 4 ie k
if bitter, ot Yo od: ko beos la otow asirrt tineor ig haprtaicd tatevee? ! oy 6 -
HM | ot med? vied birow oF gol won toe neers GEer wk eexod” peers ee ht
AP soltsoizesh of bevoe(dne dobd oval ether? easts t6 ebseg oft” ‘btarterds
noldeuterren ome SSCL baa [hf ,O8el al .ipest ban steott ,etvdatom saeoxe
yooocs ¢aid gaintaret tedmon enisl « iftts ets etedy gal soaiq seta? eas
; Olfaiv ed of.
z. Ia the fall, o£ 19350: epproximately 2, 900, Ribes, seeds were. scattered
evenly, over a milacre plot having.a. heavy duff mantle, to see whether. or ald |
not they woulde find their wey: down.to the soil. One year later a section of | NG |
the duff mantle wes removed, ‘The top, middle, and bottom layers of duff |
“ removed. separately end. divided. into helves. .Qne-balf of each sample
Laced. in flats out.of doors, near. Strawberry end the balance of each
roan! e was brought into the laboratory for mechanical separation of the
seeds: from. the, duff,..4 ¢heck of the, samples in the flats the following |
_ showed 88 seedlings. dn the top layer, 65 in the middle and 7 in the
botton layer. There will probly be more germination next year. By
mechanical; separation 163 seeds were. recovered from the top layer, 98 from
the. middle and 7. from, the, bottom. There is still a section of the duff
Tet ve
year to see. advent downward. the seeds, have traveled. ,
c¥ veer: yodent ‘proof plots eight feet square were established in 1931
to determine, how Long.it. would take a given mumber of seeds. to. gerninate,. ..,
They, were. thoroughly. cultivated to a. depth of about.18 inches. and. thea each
one; plented.with,2,500 BR. roezli seeds. A checic in 1922 showed an average ~
of 21 Ribes seedlings per plot. The seeds were collected the same year they
were planted; henes the after-ripening process which seems to be gies
for this species might not have taken place.
5. In 1931 several strips approximately 6.5 feet in width and from 20
to 40 chains long were cultiveted in the area at Strawberry,where Ribes have
been removed for several years,to find out if eny viable seeds are present
in the soil. Wo seedlings were found when the strips were checked in 1932,
When areas are logged Ribes seed germination does not usualiy begin until
the second year following logging and this may account for the absence of |
Ribes seedlings, or there may be no seed stored where these strips were made.
SUMMARY
1. The Forest Service, economic and heavy cutting methods have all
permitted the germination and survival of a large number of Ribes during
the last three years,
2, The removal of the Ribes twice before logging (1926 and 192°) did
not prevent the reestablishment of a sizeable Ribes flora after logzing.
2. In sugar pine-fir and suger pine-ponderosa pine types Ribes seedlings!
began to appear the second year after logging mt dropped considerebly during
the third year.
239
beretisase etaw zboor eed lth 000,S vist amixe tags O8eLl toe {st oft al .8 %
40 todtedw ove of ,eltaem Tterbh weed a getvad tol evostia se tevo ylueve e
to softooe # tetsi tmey sm? .ftoe edt od mwob yaw tis? Saligoisow, yods ton
tw to etoval mmdisd bas. .ofbdin ,qot ed? ~ bevonwx ase Téasm Ytrb sod %
elomse dose to tiad-en0 .eeviad o¢at Sebtvth bas yfetstaqee bovomet stow a
doae to soutalad odd bos yoisdwatsé “sen et00b te dre etait a) beoalg san
wif ‘to foiteteqer Iacinadjem ‘tod Ytod@rodat adi otat tigsoid say ‘eles
gebwofio? sdf edaft edt af ebiqmec “edt to seeds A Yih edt mort Y:
dt mi N Bae ofS5im eds wl Ga rexel god odd at ‘egcilbseas £8 bewods gat i
ui asey gxea nOlgantonr9g stom of Yldatow [ftw ered .reyal motiod a
mort 8 ,teysl gat ed¢ mort Satevoset ster ebows 55f. solietaqes Laotaadnen :
Tivh off to aotisen.e Iitts et oved® .wodted sdt-mott Shas, sfbbim ads
dixon efquee tedious toelfoo of auiseatstal of biluvow ff bas .df ah phesa tie 4
belovart aved shoen silt rsmiwob “sat wot age OR ABN 3
S805 AF Waite f tetid es eise wate Feat jkgte etofa Wig dnebor ewer i
stasistey of absex to tedoua aevig 2 sist disow tf ane wed an iorrageb ot
isa sett one aedent 6L tsods to d¥yob @ of hetavis feo YUldaroteds sion ‘yon?
' sgemeve a= Deworla SRGI ni sosdo A .2be00 Ligegt «8 008,% .détwbetasiq ono
yond teey. ose adh beteoiicn ovew eheee gal. stole Xeq epatibese eedih Is Yo a
Wines 29mm MM ad Boe b Soha ausoorg gulaegit-tedie edt eoced ,botaalg erew a
sonic oeded evad dom denn aainean a hie hag 4
O% mozt, bas idbig ut dost a ® rletamixerqge agizte af peti sel, ple vibe a
evad aadih stedw,yrredwaide Je, nets odd gi bodavitioa exon gaol, aniade On os a
inenorg etn ebese eidstv yas. th ggo Satt of etesy fstevee tot Dsvomes aaed
Sh0L af Belaeds atew aghtde add osdw bavol.ctsw agatibece ol. .Lhor df at \
tigay alyed yilavesr ton sa0b noliaciutes bese aedif baggel ets eats. aed a
%o esnveda sit to® davoson yam efdd bos autesol satwollot teey Baoses edt | er
cham ete sqisde seedt otede betods beee on of yam atedd to ,egaiibesa ged is
oO ee ee
is eva aboiitom get $00 weed na pdsnnos wae daat0% Ty yet ; te
aniwrh aadifi Le Ted mar want A he lial baa coltantmtes odd. beddinteg
ME 30 PRON apres aan aes
Sis (eset haze ager) atimel ‘ptdtad duied eects adi . ‘taromen: iv. we. “a nH
ytieeol toda arolt aonan soir @ "ka oe arene. edt eee Jon 4
at tbews ead hi: eece? sng cabana taaire ee rhea mare : he
. neroan yldorsbieans bagged: dais artaset ‘ania AX: ciagarowds pals _— os ell
ME: he tah ‘aiad
4, In stream typé tle Ribes begun to appeer the first year after
logging, continued at about the same rate the second year mt dropped
off considerably in the em a.
5, There were 798 Ribes on the ‘eentruliel plots in the fall of 1931.
Only 327 or 40.9 per cent of thesé were: found alive in the spring of 1972
6. Moistmre seems to be the ie drys comer of. Rites seedling survival
on sone ey - sia ws paver
re conne Roe pir Sa
ny, | phar Ribes lgnetke are present din the » 0p infidde: end bottom
Ihiye rs -" ged nee am amma
Fac ¢ = Li YY i
“Rabe scous an work : these wey down ro the eifferent leyers ©
mobd | a CG oe Lopete! brie wee nna’
Acséede a RK. ree. ad arte diunbtnty atile. to aideiii adverse conditions
(does ost ot) ‘excess moisture; Seeag y and ee for xt Yee st three yore
and” #tilY resin ie bret © otim
rugs t.
2s nd Lek
BB sey the ” Se + Dy ety 4
Bat ‘
re senge ri gy ihe ni
nA e ¢ tre
wugar pine é 4 ig
by rs) &
a be WARS 2a t LOS,
OnLy thos® guger pine secti ona
4 R 4 oe yrur
ty © eee VS SEF
; A Bs £32 2 t &
and the I ronnie :
* ox Pere, RE Oey
wists & ke be
‘
i, . ie .
Se me Ba 3. Bi y1
1! tue ¢. wy! ®
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Ls 2 2 “pet
ie ore¢er ’
brush is i ;
ritteen gections =
QA)
SSS SSS SS SS Se
ee
YSTia “sey feTtt odd 4aende ot atiged sedifi arid ere meette wl jh
Seororh tit BOY, , Sieteoen aad oper ‘Omen ett “treds +4 Bevat indg Jpakases
; hag sonic red att ak “Ualwrshianos pin
LEGT To Lise oitd wt ‘arolg' Wal fercdides ond do Red ht Bey orew ered Oe ota
SPOL ‘to eitren “oul rt evita evaand ‘ot8w et to Reg gy @. ar id Bic! cn
Law twa qatibooe | waste | e xfs? sete iatr oe 08 ‘amese: “erodeten 2 ti
As vis eennoass oe based to" “eno =
itoddod: fetts 9108 tm Sele att at taser ous i bdde: Gods? wtnates!: ei
Aloe bes’ Fes’ herd Yo ow
ersysl tuetettid add heed’ a ete ore tow (tw ‘seer eect ot; tee
, sea an: sea Vie ane to
enoifthees sare bs owre Dery ‘ olaa ene wie? Stile - ie to. pede’ ts
wt. oR vornde — 1a Oe LS id bos i engl wie ae bon aoa eer aon te
uae Hare seh stort fore bee
ue BORA cS SR oe Bee a ae
£ 2)
é 7 wy f a
% aa be aly eae j
re 7. ‘ , a
Beh é uk : 3 :
iF % ie ;
‘3 LF of #8 he 3
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a is
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& Py “ preted
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YS as fy! UB
CONTROL RECONNAISSANCE IN CALIFORNIA
By
Douglas R. Miller
Junior Forester
I NERODUCTY Ow
“The greater portion of the important sugar pine stands of the
Stanislaus and Zldoredo National Forests had been covered by control
reconnaissance previous to 1932, There were several small areas of sugar
pine, however, chiefly on the Stanislaus Forest which were omitted during
the first working. Information on these pine units was needed to
fecilitate the work on the generel sugar pine survey of California, started
this season, Since funds for reconnaissance work were not ample to
finance the regular fiel@ party it wes thought advisable to employ a small
mobile crew to extend the reconnaissance survey on the Stant slaus and
Pldorado Wational Forests In addition to locating suger pine types,
Ribes and other conditions within the stands were recorded to afford a
basis for prepering cost estimetes to protect the sugar pine from bileter
rust,
DESORIPTION
K detailed description of these two Povees has already been
presented. The one for the Stenislaus was given in the 1927 Annual Report
ane the. one for the Eldoredo in the 1930 Annusl Report,
The areas worked this season consist in general of outlying
suger pine types bordering on main bodies of sugar pine previously. covered
by reconnaissance, The following desc¥iptions of the individual unites “er
only to those suger pine sections completed in 1932,
1,, The Strewberry area on the Stanislaus is composed of sixteen
sections lying along the north and west. bounderies of the 192621927
eradication and the 1926 reconnaissance areas, ‘The sugar pine in this
locality is mediocre, the country rovgh with large ovtcroppings of rock and
much of the srea has & ground cover of dense brush, The greater part of the | mi |
timber here has been cut,
2, The Dorrington unit on the Stanislaus lies along the North Fork
of the Stanislaus River and Beaver Creek between two areas that were
worked by reconnaissence in 1927, The timber over most of the unit
ie good, Feproduction of both sugar pine and its associated species
is present in large amounts and in many cases form dense thickets. Some
brush is present under the timber as well as in the large openings,
Fifteen sections make up this unit,
241
3. The Mokelumne unit on the Stanislaus is composed of the alternate
sections that were left»in 1927 and a large body of sugar pine north of this
which extends to the northern boundary of the forest. This area contains
fifty-three sections, There is & good road system throughout, making it
ell accessible. Starting from the south, it is drained by the South and
Middle Forks of the Mokelumne. River, Forest and Blue Creek and the North
| Fork of the Mokelumne River, all joining just west of the area to forw the
Mokelumne River. This unit has very good timber. Heproduction is ebundant
in the southern portion, Abinaing, out in the northern eni; some brush ig
present throughout,
| 4, The Lumber Yerd- fini on the Bldorede National Forest i¢ a small
block lying north of the Worth Fork of the Mokelumne River end is bounded on
the west by the forest boundary, on the north by the Amedor Highway end on
the east by the Bear Fiver, The timber is generally poor and is inter.
spersed with many large ‘brush petches, Large rock slides are elso present,
This area was not completed, and the unfinished portion extenis to the north
| and west, Scouting inficated thet the best timber had not been worked in
. this district, “there rere ae eee and one-half sections covered hatte ad
_ MetHops ow WORK
The mechanical me thods ‘used in eedvacsiu data and in meking
type maps were the same as those employed during 1931, Extensive
“peeonneigsence wag used only to locete the boundary of sugar pine type in —
marginal timber, Ms
The compilation of data wee handled in the same way as in
preceding years. The types used were the same as those described in the
reconnaissance report for 1931,
Field. work wes performed by Roy Blomstrom, F. A. Patty end
BD. R. ui Lier, 6ll permanent members of the Division of Blister Rust Control.
ie eS of. data and map work were done by Roy Blomstrom, ;
“he results of reconnaissance performed in 1932 are given in
the Following t Sahjen:
b SS pti g
co Rows
242
!
Fao
niytl waol
a
iSW 2@¢
i
tube
p*
iy
ej
ft
"2 BON
arid
Sug
“7
%
Feed
wot
ny
ta
weed
5
Sd t
ay = 4
—_ «<
P a?
“ at
is we
& ahs
: ‘ - “Ft
to #
“a H
t
tik
pat 8
= & se # ¢ % Fay 9.
a ee tt Fi ra ® ¢ *2
4 cee 6 : o
me i r
e 6 ¥ a} Ds
> bow] r toad
o * 3 H
TABLE WO, 7
SECTIONS WORKED IN — = NPA
CALIFOREIA RECON SANCE :
pent a cA ee TAS EE ATTA
1 cssnaiicamcnenatenegiipenensiiiont eho en aah RAL A eR BON
pegs ds , pa
beet tramieryene cers ha een Mer TT NEO SE SS
Solidekrmamamemnennianene Bor pets nontealouoeyrmantigtlonoceslta se a
A
a5) bie} a4 Sy FR RSIX
AAA nom a ehiiamennnemmmeiatte
sgrsablansooos os fenedat i RY |
er eee
arm Sansetee anaes :
LANG... nub when ipemeeveemnpemersitinpraniec in Bisset le.
SICK
& :
, fa | aa Maree nhesnrcmaneniehawad BS “
2 i
min PRs eee rt nome a
Ba CES saketuedeossjos oth
£
Loe 2 eS es Rw remade
5 Pe oe : _ a =) 13) + Po. a a ri ra
‘ he remeesie Sa aS oe eae panuanagsared SL tf: Pye tcl = f- mS mamma aa =a AO
BE 8 Sputek fet bie. {$34 Ea 2, 05005,2 Biel Ssfi |
: ath eS 30h, baka quel!
Sete Res
3 a8. iol al bebe :
= g
bah, S 1 Se i ‘
LS ae sesecn SBD E 16.232)
acre bnotens ad ath dat na 9 Ratoe Se a
inat ix} ae ae
areca wrvstapen a et
wears ins tes
4 oh ‘
4 j
PAO" ASE RES Weta Sener aT ee
reneiusatninncennecnr ree y entire aA RAEI DIOR AS ANILINE NAIC ERAT REA eT etesinee icone NOR Ter ere sl ieiabieetnemens t
Rony =
Terassoviomgeverenessntetei:hernnaaiacinenncalihmmcsssin as War FEE Br taerncmmenestenncnrscnnareememnsit
; aa Pr a % 4 =a
er gy Nee i ok OR Cd 3, a5 F008
Jaiei ae Cebmet last’ BE A ou ehe Mas af.
| =
eatnreenineia cena cendieninecopenicnarnden canner imanrmnnrenegnemptnanteiod
; ts t
on 2 :
sec mnsienssmncpepecp seen etitnitn te Ct LATTES DEALT TI nasoameirngmcnnaresnennrmnnty
ee CS pki
a)
macmennins have omcseirmtsttnete nite CAAT DLL =A ST OCDE ALOT AEA
i : eS
i rs H Oe. wa i ;
nt eee ae acme SOO) ae
Ei nsonttasiampitinitane sisi oc
e fara] &
3 BE #
5, aaa Sian wepeomen! moneettth | re
Aa
ae
oA A
| nen oe oT OS EEE OPT pete eat otek OR
& i
i hed i
Fenn Me oars snimt L cnseenaryrvdn sisstiae HO one hms OES AEH NEES IEP HAS aOR AA APNOEA
i Puta P 7 t aa { H om
eseeammenee aes aiden aie SOrssate asa a eat SOE
202.0 Yn eens Tt
ri
f weartdanire te alles epee eat ee
D3 te l aes List SrTarloreant ou
TABLE NO, 3
SSANCE IW CALIFORNIA
SRL A @ NOS Lyumne @ f
Percene ; tibes Per Acre
| tage of! i, e. | m Le
Lypes M amd € 7 Ot POS & he wo 7 rm aco o 5 Pam All Species
SP.PP Mg 1 4 29.96 | le 59 $3 | « Lj 19,0
Lye Paves a2 a eee Sloe es 3 ae : . hb 23. 05
ispexeco— Segal aad Tank sal “aicaol valae | eaal asus
244° '
> pw wT TAT
= até th ak Cab
SeeereRgcanethseneraniataentels
AIWBOULIAN BI Zon, TA {8 GUAWVOO BART A WO E1STIAMA Baa Te
teeta renrernnnnnreneevennn ALLE BTS. i ae a
; Lam et od,
Ee: + Te ao 2 | ies i cada,
| 218 88 nat a |
i
;
i | at it wand |
LA] stony. late. aia aso2 jxedeut
ih poe 1 Be 08 is Saf Fics 1%.
Ce eee ae
Hi . r
= - bad } ry oe
a an CR
hearer! Prenbaweremas: Sas tase SEAR aeSensiapaccbanperebea a2 Srey
i i
— POLS 165... oti BLL ee EBs ened ee Srrerben
Lecce mem PI tease = cra sdwaxté s13 he Bes
Sh _sts.. atin te) YS) Geren aa mee ige i g “ aoe
ae: 2008 fee 78 G.5 IVE of be
ee “en ae z Ss sa
t " weet < nd a ae ce a anes nee 8a we : . ots |
Ireerar esha Smt Sib. ee om inane emer eee eT
_38
ME ate nme PX. ‘ < O)n4e
$8500. be Le ee ee ALL a aT aee :
[—aevsar lor | ten 0B atm RELL leer
Bd SE Ee maak Gf Sai es Sets vt Ts Tv
ies res a = yee se a i i a ears o—
Be NT eg a ee Shs Hesse ae wx :
ry eS ee
teentinc hee ealk ropsarcrai wwe Penns oO
ay Torcancnrine renee owner
H
H
bo “ee sir —lea.8 Ao renters {oa oat loro,
NT TCE A = aolaninaod = 0 ined
|e ea eee oe a Ae le ee 8
—-, Ys eo as oa Pe. ee —tuset [iss feces | ie |
* bad i ~ i ie : es) |
Ea feat ee ee = | | ;
ch We er paaaehin’ sal cmoonerss eimsoressnewenpienssinensotesenanaeelssnsitamraresieneeart
a 5 2 , me
of i :
)
i j i 9 efato?
ee | iw lanes | 00.00t so. | “sonazeval
been eee cree RRM ae
| _§S aS. SE ee ae i #delf {Goa} eke
ponent OE (3 a | ee ane
er
errs ans! Barn nent BY nnd PE a frm 2 ae:
i
See eco tiny einen teri,
eee Oe ee He np ek ala
| ee snp tantied dbase “Tel £S
SE PY Sa EN BET se.28 | |
aa: Et 2 ‘ i en OK $i he
free A th Gs. cone Ea.
| eth eS ee is copes EE sdeenestbtinn —
2 [ ae relate?
| | “ me
| ogee, dea, lara lssee | on.00 lpessadl arama
TABLE NO, 3 (CONT'D, )
BUS ANALYSIS OF AREAS COVERED BY RECONNAISSANCE IW CALIFORNIA
P E « Lumbe 5 ~ Lbidoredoe ; es
rc &
Percene Ribes Per Acre
| tage of
Total aly nevad
rcemrewet crap nene eo ef an Re fen aca ncneneneanen eee eameannans Tg rg oo
2 ee ae
|SP.PP-CO | 131) de 100,00, = ——|__=__1_s_1__300.00.__]
The last week of the field season was spent in extensively mapping
an area of 35,200 acres of mixed timber types on the northern end of the |
Tahoe and ‘southern end of the Plumas National Forests. This mapping vas
done in comnection with the suser pine survey of the state in order to locate
suger pine areas not covered by timber cruises cr other tyne maps,
STATEMENT OF COSTS
The cost per acre of intensive reconnaissance (extensive
reconnaissance wes not figured since its cost is not separable from that
of the intensive) was $,035 obtained by dividing the totel cost of the
work by the number of acres covered intensively, This cost ie slightly
in excess of the normel for these forests as the field work was performed
by the higher salaried permenent personnel, If the cost is based on the
regular field assistant rate of $100 per month for two men, with the
supervision the same, the cost per acre is $, 028,
ATBZEOTIGAD M1 ZOUsRe LAMBOD:
AE Se Se eee
SPATE en? AP A! EE RTT A PERLE Os
HF | & [t agat]
y | pricey Sat | 5 Sf aao% t. “ee Sy deus
— ra soar Sate [eis
aa sy oa a , |
t sd : :
ov
wh
=
Eee
mf ae
27) a
se
5
ab
BS BE il A at Sine lis és aati Locales |
ems ty inne enim pip ee BS = hee big ft
Sie RBS. nih et ame Soe? Eee bo leads ot eee.5L | — ban SE
ohare ia al tees bad 4S tla So eee
pero a ‘ae Bw Stren HE ~ eons. ye £F68. He
[Lannea BS. ee ae tfibnil Ss 25 Tat Nel 00.8
Lh En, wank | Si San "aE See Et
i nant Seek. — snow tate : = meneame GbE | SS ok
$ 1 BO) ad ae oat ais an | OS
ean STS aoe wie
Tf Ad. us, { ee Tere manta temee g i 1 ad a 1 S
fr bat: i BS Ve
Se eee
j gS col <
ee or se mesioans thea eet SS es peek
wk 7 Pema cc am FO
to AgoR gaat err
gttqgen yleviagssdxe ci iseue 4.8¥ sane Rieit oat‘
a St
plot
eds ‘to hae avediies off MO @ ag’ «xed? hatin Le 8et3a O08, t5 To .6Ta 26
ge aa tgqsie wine aiaeret f ane Mat eamte!< odd Yo bao wvediece bas eodet
sau of? ddby aotfosmios af sob
ates off be yourse oniac t29
oyd vedte wa aoe Ter weds? ys
,
het ayeo fer eaexs wig Tagva
1 Timers Te
Ta ve Nee ne Cae:
syieqedte) somges tannegsy? sv temetat to etas Tey deco ont |
: aaos ton st geod wth eorte Sous ft fon way conase faenog st
oe mot t afcare as
add? Ye seen Isted edt anibtyih xd i dot ach 4M) .& eae’ (ovisastal et? To
qigdgiie ef deco otdt: sylevisgesct ' porevas ier “6 Yodan end yd stew
hearrotra¢ 23¥
ei ao ees te
erty cid bor“ gnrenr one
teow bhatt edd? an ‘etesiet aeon? «et famrom edt ‘to-areoxe at
at teen add tk ~ fennoeteq hated at feivalag ‘roty in ent yd
nat dined yar COL? to eter taeda foes biel? ealsrget
»880 2 sf e1ga 18q deco sft, Smse @de mo pitebde) ald
i NY.
cyst ¥SIS
| | Per Cent |
| ihinbe'r of meals served in reconnai ssence camp. 648,
Cost per meal = $, 2298
i SUMMARY
On the Stenislaus and Eldorado National Forests a total of
63,010 acres of sugar pine and associated types have been covered by
intensive reconnaissance at a cost of three and oneehalf cents per acre,
Extensive reconnaissance added 7,405 acres of types which were penaet to
hs delimit the sugar ae in ee stands,
246
— SS —
———_———
SS
=
—
—<s
= om
——ES OT SS ae
‘s at ?
| eS
BLEY.. Abi.
Sad
ere ha
dee nd
oS at
aR eR RRO LER SI Rea ea
{
eo serene aoe gin tenes te Nt
tiegas) _._....
4
$e Gr ms “I
OS... ae lat ion “TSiaenae ine salon , = mote lyre
Py we Pr: Sawn Bona Ree 2 2ioate
| i F Ose fF. Bt a oD
lepecierste a vem wR ak bed ace Boece te tenet AR eT grater
> ence hane 8 Oe
he re EN PRR rR eM Pt
eo
io omer
>.
Ef
ee
ry
el Elen
‘ 8
sneat2 ta aye
io. t2e9
$ Men Fe SB § $e
! m i
— ow weet
Sa
Bee sis ence rity ENA TOE NE TEE RELL
bea Lud ns grpedvans? 9 xisem 3o- $2.09
|
i
)
PY
oibeye d¢ elo
AA eb AERP if te
Sarah end nde NE ENTE IR NREL LIT EDT
to ao tis Pbcanai? |
rts
SAM tcyrean tnt
samy hype |
ae teanc ios Yo -tae0
duemetiyss te. —
noe pore siti pobr sar cet amma
3 “afte ea.
€:3
mpsey ne rans Bee sat
Seen eels mM ner AL
rome. Ce a mee
e grr ES "
met Ne aa. mee
on to F200
i
le
Ht
i
\
H
» Saw Sele ie Gi,
BO ei slosiyeh }
Lt cs et Aer A eS SATA
scence ritaasne poten eh tnarer os Ne TE
cane nt SERPS TAN OR rane baa
aren wo o9oae Aa
sae te ener poe
Renn fp en a reetane oae
ae a re aunianiin
asmags t
Regvag elaem to = odearll
BESS .& = Laan teq. 3209
osx af
MRALET
frets ont Mak
ee by “30 B87 2£0 ,BS
BEA Pee ry Be eaae a ov leneds '
ae axed xa
# i ARGOS
5 : had Yi how
ante «ague edd dimifed
& oy
De ope
ri oF Mie x
a: ‘ penodlal
' Aasistant Forester
: % » OSs Vat ie. ‘ a “ .
bet a aS b PAR tN Rel, & Pela Cee. \s FOR,
: ng 0
“Although. white: ‘eine bisset. rast. has as yet not been found in
California, there. is every.reason to believe it will enter the state within
a few.years and seriously ripe suger pine stands, The need for a ‘general
plan of contr: was discussed at the. 1932 meeting of the Forest service,
Region 5 Investigative. Pah ad it wes considered expedient. to undertake
the. formilation of a Rides. eradication. policy... York was. started in June,
Heid (as a joint. undertaking between the U. 5, Forest Service and the
sion of Blister Rust Control with one member from éach organization
Sed to the project, Two additional members of the Blister Rust staff
20 8 — i, the: season, oe, has weal suoude be ‘Semeveiet by. June
i Bevis. Soar ¢ Pi ois Soceen én OG ' ;
PURPOSE
septa ek meal snd peliey statement will show ia “detail the following
petites nak’:
rh “The: ‘location (on 780" to the mile national forest maps) of eli
‘sugar pine type Galifornia, both virgin and cut-over, segregated into
sugar pineepemtereen. pine. ARM. ad suger pine~fir. (3?-F) typed.
oa be
pe Sieber, type ana class. of emat abs.
ndeg An. estinate, of suger pine voluse outside the sugar ot type...
ty “to He "Peccmmanias iong. ha, to the: acreage and, stend af. sugar ‘pine to be *
srebnatete ani the priority of their treatment, The sugar pine producing»
capacity of the different pine units as re = volume will be used
as a oe aa Soterntnt ne: oan, selene lems: Si i
» Be: pagar a! of: the. ‘east of. contre) ey areas selected for treatment
vi on. ae, rust, , arecmanteennee and Ribes APPEL PAH OR, records,
Oy 2h Pt ¢ Laan
+ + 4 . - ¥ 2 Hd 4
‘ a 1 See gor z 5 owes 2 Pe sips oh at $i
cS eo Ot ee Ok ae ast pete ig & 43 + Fes PAs F
+ a 2
we NSS a
: on finek- step dn he program ts ‘to ‘assenbie from all sources
Cisaanes rust reconnaissance records, Forest Service timber SroiggP 5 records
a ‘he, ‘total. ‘yolume. ‘end. acreage of. suger pine da, the, suger pine. all
24%
SR ere ty.
AIMAOVIIAD. WO YEVEUE NUTS Haous
ora
Solhwnod .¥ .W
teisaxvot jasdefess
WOT TOUCORT Ey
ai hewot weet ton Foy za sad demt tedelid aaiq eélsw davoddIA
atdtie o¢ete eft tefes (fhe Ff avetied oF Geeset ytove at. eted) ;,siatotiles
favexes # 40% been ad% ,chasda eit Yepey cates ylewoltes bas etasy wot 6 |
,eoivrs? festoX edt to awtgeom SCL ona Js Bbeesroet) saw fotiuco to aele
eilatrebhay of sastbaqxes Seveblexoo eaw 31 daa [housed eyiseaiiaeyal @ moigei
_oant af hetiste cow sro? syotiog- motteothers esdif @ to solsatemno’ ait
aig dae gobrre® teotet .€ .Uoout asewfed anhsietrebar talot se ea Soel
soltasinesto Mose sett tedmua ave déby fotined tan tetell€ to soletvid
Sade ¢eu@ todedid ott Ye atedeoa Janet dibbu owt ,toet tore sit ot bemgleea
sot, yd Bedelqmor sd bivods incmmptoes eff .adeaee ofg of tedet betaters
uutaofich ont {tetad at wodn ify duauetate wileg betelqnon sd?
ai mai e A ag gatntog
Lie to (egam ¢eetot fenottes efta edd ot *S\f a0) wottsser eae I
otat SefsgeTgon ,tevendso Sis atgtiv dtod ,atetotif{ed at aque eatg taawe
gsoys (8-92) tit-sale tage bas (ii-Ki} ealg ssotebscg~-enig tag0e —
sgys emia tages edd of ontg togire Yo sgeetas $n5 emufoy Iatot ed? ,&
wideteave to saslo bas says tedakt yd
weqgd ett Tages edd shteteo oualoy eakg tegue to etsmites ma 5
ed of anita ‘tegre Te busts hae egecins edd of ea ato itabronms sit ob
@itinubotg onty tagva ef? doembaett tiedy ie yritolte adi baa’ Hotsstota
hoor od ifte aourfev yd JDedsetaxe 28 efiay entq IneteTt th alt To ysiosgqas
sottoetse theld antatmteteb al ebiog & es
jnoutsertt tet Sotosiee assta sot Lordaon to deco sft To otemiiag mA Pe
~wervreoet aoltselbate eedif hee sonseelannopes tent teteild no Soead
SHOW TO BaQET aM
seousoe [14 mort oldweese of si migeta add af qete ss1ft sdf
aixogsx yortine tedints golive deered ,sbt0et ennaze annooet daurt ode bid)
hae are: of orivate t pee ean st)
st headquarters and ¥ .gitices
sre ead. erate op ‘ll sigar pine
siivess vi hy
‘eruiees re zaréless Of ownershig or national
8 % vane, ‘qf sugar pine ‘ta each forty. .
" veed where. gore. ‘estimates are
ensh. apts, icy Cakes ag
ser tt Ste ‘ang SPF type nite
aving in, At me Par ta ‘sttn Pee tire or
ose pin tor more fir volun
vet “proportion 2 classi-
(Ss corre’ ta blister. Yust types.
and “buried needs Bnd cutting Limits
re Lodited, an 1 omersnia record. {a pre=
s Owners on 2” to the mile towiship
{a this aA ie fs ¥e eonstrict the 4 wager ‘pine ‘tyoe
St 18 ‘edn pare TFs, Stigar ping. areas .
e in the “aggregate ae Gsidhsive: “end: larzely adjoin-~
ilisacs! @levations, are Reb ts ania with i
national Forests By Baye tee es POR S Parariiekwes et sdelaiciiali *D Faye teen gan te,
wort; “ET: ee | sanee ‘a now aval: we ‘For rovghly ‘
der cent’ 6f the sugar Siner'y ie 2 igh ton ts, are used fntact
ang supply the cate eae tks for atest oe pine +
rust ; {
2 MAD, The two blister
rp Bite Aad 9 ir ‘pine-Tir, " The pine type
‘of the Grier ‘youth and wee ‘sldb which ponderosa bine occurs
a the Bal sepa ‘siver pitts assodiste. The fir type represents the more
moist north and east slopes. ube re. one. Sr ber more, species of firs predominate,
In both types suar pine eons “Ceht or more of the total volume
2 ay Or . ay Reb GE ~Y he Sy, nm oe F ik
ke FROCticaliy 2 14 Gimber ¢¢tiaates OR PHS AL is ist S624 i) a
Sugar se renertene enna et ahi cig? iat” ve wid aes 3 ee thy ig
therefore heeetsaty to’ defitie the minimum limits of a sugar pine tyve in
ps a fonda tee to coincide in far.ags possible. with blister rast
."° Ayo ume of 7,000 ened! hak ey acre Shey ‘aporoximetes this.
fae int identifies sugar pine type on the ernise sheets,:
Distinct’ between fir an pine associates are made when recording timber
Setingt on bee “Breas are dal by mean f oe original eruises and shown
in distinctive colors, be be worked are the Starve, Lescca,
”
Tahoe, Flmnath, Trin fe) 5 noe ‘ey HAG Beate,
=. “ri.
a — anid
eromeo tadmt? etavitg to sollt ald af setamiies tedmt? ,sqam says bas
(eenrite ysorres Dts aredtevo seed texted 30 ebiodet gidetenwo Saal ed? bas
te tanga [Le to cidereswo bas employ ,noliaool oft antitanes soltamrotat
°° gare Lh Lo% #8 osoS et efdtT ,etate sdy at
= ee = See SS
—
_t
SS
fenottan to qidersavo to sealiaget 2saioip tadets efdatteva {Lh of
vizot dose at enig tegse te enaley off-Sas bonimaxe eta esitsebarod teeto?
ets 2etanttes yfot e19de bear ota sensilov “otiner bus aolises 19¢%aMp )
géiteterqiedat ak jetala cittense? atia adi of "t go babrocet (isatxe jou
at eoord YX Bae TY-32 fart tefelld sdlisesh of adtamtjae 2duls to
46 deP bercd) Balt at caafoy doom ee eo tet geivad ‘aotitet ff, jetem oaks
s Sarlow VEY ston 10 aes Teg CB To” ,eat¢g neotesacd dt ea (it ga Lasrad
afesate ote wotéredeto fads mal? seel vatvedt seen? bis enyd “GPW defodal ES
aoe) Fart totalled of haoqagttos snotisakifseals ened? edyd i ente ea belt
attatf safftne Sada" cASts Booted bas beste! to Y asad “ota seahorse Lents to
SS ne
ee ee te
oo, ¢. v
dere ot preset Ridetenvs se ,botasel et# anets eaia Tague ‘sia sed® 8 Ese
gtdemect effa of? og “S ae etenwo sioitay edt to anatbfod eid gatwode -dsteq
geealy
ecyt exig tanitg end dortianco of af Yeviie asd ai cede Sacoen act
gestae sania taare .yfstetadse jetebtesosd af feetol isactiss soak gam
~ato.bs Ylegtal bas evieaaixne Jon Siayetaae aid mi ,zteet0? Ienottaa bbtetizo
joesatpa satin betarogiesal sts senoltsveie teyol 3s esitabasod dastot get
. heii sles shat , Pe) ESoo gteetot Esnoltan
Of yldyret rot ofdaltavs wou ptm Soaegetansosst sett totel it”
gocsat bore ox azteetet Leaoitas evil a0 sqrt ext tagve edd Yo se99 Ts¢
wagerid ows si? glam Sees sate tages Sat “Ot goed Stesé BaF Ylqeta dae
ecvt ontg off thiewaiq tants bas eakc seeTetaot-sale autre “gts seeed fait
eino50 eute asciebseq dotsde mo segola drew bane déwoe toiah ed? to atelenos
ede add atnsceres1 soyt tH ed .etatoosas ‘ealq tative Legtowitq- edd es
,sisaimesetg stit to aeiosge seni To exo wiese esqols dss Sua diton Ss tom
eusricr tedod ede Yo stow “te Fae t8a BY eadiniteaes seiq tawre weeys diod al.
ai #i .qam ecyd odd efefemon 08 Bete Viestel ea ged aetiae eotRiFo 6 ee
gst eayt exig 18afe 4 Te eiimif meminim ed? ontteb of YIeaeense sro ters ad
utd tofabid Agiw eidieadq as wet de at obtoates of gktt=-emr iow Yo eatet
atid gsfamtzorce® GleeelS “Sie “60 Feet Press ODOUR To leamléy a jeeqys
,atesde eririm edd no egyd salg tages eottitasbt bus ttmti smmtaion
sedat? guibioost asde ebau ete aedaiooges entc Bus itt meowied soltontdel’d
nwode bee seatutn fextgite to sagem yi beqyd oie seete tevo-ts0 ,zetamises
oleae OF 7) ENR, wil SS Oey Oidontiels at
» Sugar pine areas not Covered by blister rust reconnaissance or
vinta AY are’ typed from other miscellaneous type maps, Field
examinations ere made to fill any remaining gaps,
the third’ step in the’ sigar pine survey is to summarize aecreaze
and volune data, Tabulations are made according to ownership and timber
_ type® for each township ané working circle of the forests, The classes of
ownership computed are (1) Federal, (2) Large private owners Listed
separately, end (%) miscellaneous small owners lumped together, Volumes
for areas in the eagar pine type not covered by cruises are computed from
ah average of timber ‘estimates in’ the seme township (sesarate for each
type), or, if these are tawifficient, from those in an adjoining township,
This’ same procedure is folleweé for the non-sugar pine type in which
sugar pine occurs (stende eontaining sugar vine averaging less than a
boerd feet per eng A: i ee ae 3 suenary of a forest shows?
1, The total beahae 6ey Wo Fine asi acreare by Shepp and &P-f Sviéi
fer: each omership- elaes a et eos and ‘working circle with totals
for’the forest, °°
- 2, The acreage of cut-over for the abeve, For the present, because of
the lack of other information, logged areas will be considered as come
parable to uneut areas in the’ ‘seme Bis sage etrele in gauging suger ‘pine~
—t. eo a eee 45
Lens Be Fo hendd Sy }enaber’ S¥kd rapidatbils. oe hen Gi fox’ -twitistiips and
working circles shown separately for cruised and uncruised areas, ¥ron
rcs engl fone teat of eraised ‘and uneruised arene cau be obtained,
Hy The veluns for lands vies sugar pine in munabitine less than
3,000 board feet per acre, classified in this report as non-sugar pine
type, for cruised and uncruised areas,
YORK DONE (AS OF JAN, 30, 19
1, Practically ali timber estimates and ownership status are collected,
Sugar pine estimates are available for approximately 89 per cent of the
sugar pine type of the state,
2, Type maps are completed for the Eldorado, Stanislaus and Plumas
Wational Forests,
3. Sanmary statements are completed for the above three forests,
Forests remaining to be worked are the Sierra, Lassen, Sequoia,
Tahoe, Klamath, Trinity, “Mendocino and Shasta, The last five forests are
249 \
= Se
SSS
Bist® ,agnm egyt erescsllaseth toMgo mot beqgy? era setamtias todmts
bats asictamet ya LTiT oo aban. ots ase Lesa k mux
ao entibeeiachooet dara tegeiid yi Sexeveo Joe sacts ontg ‘teige?
egeetos esiranue od ef ysvime saiq tsy7e ast ai qete.biidd off.
qaimty baa gitezome of gathtosae sian era. enotiatods? ,etab emmlov, dus
to neeests eH! egeetot aft to efotio satsro< bas gtiagwed doas “ot paqyt
Reset grenwe efavine egal (S) ,letebet (1) ats Sesygnoo qidetoawo
bomiicY taddagod Gammad sxenwo [flame eroorallecata (S) bas, «iedsreqes
mott batreon ota estherts yd betavog ton aqys ‘enka tay eof at geeta tol
thee Yor ataracos) qhdeawod emes add at esd aetise tedaty Te, Sastevs Ae
«idatiod gniakotde ox of o90dt sort ,tabloiyineat sie seadt 2h e709 (SQxut
do tee BE agxd patg tagieenos add ict bawellot ef stybooetg amsa eta
C00,8 suit aes sGigateva. aute . TARO. palalalsos shsaia) saoe9. aig T8ave
: sexeda deorot s to yYramewa bedslomos ad? .{evss teq test, Dract
sory? J~i bas Tie ys sasozoe bus, onmrloy doo™ brand Letet oAP of
aia$ot Atty sfotk> saboMew bua gthaswod dose mt sealo qhdptemio, sae, 20%
| : : iy sieerot odd tet
to sesaped ,dnerseq alt rok .eveda wit, 10% tavordue to gasetse eff .S
winod an Soxebtends od Litw nese bepgol ,soleagsptat xedto to gost at
-sxle tauve stlatby ak éforte 4satstow susan edt af. seers dmas of sidatay
nig? : gitke iff tot ydioaqes aatacborg
bee agidzawot tet qidetenwe to ceelotanet seqyd sedaid vd seaploy S&S
poty seers Seetotone bas Sealers tot ylegeteqes aeoda eelotio guiztow
~beciceds sf geo esere Bealimigay. bas bea kro te gegatiasgteg att elas
fat abi ealst¢eein ab cafq taghe galved abnel 0% emblov, edt 0
eiie tagumeioe ag Psogot aint me
beltiagalo ,si%pd.i294 deat biagd. 00098
seis besiviony baa Soatota tot .eaye
betoslios wts awiate qidetenvo bam setamiias sedaks ffe uiisotégard L
sci? to insm tog G3 ylotamtsotggs th gidaliave eta eclantias satq tegy
| | eer tale ed? Yo.eqyy ankg tape
wie Sa tow
Ki Tye
5
eiugf’ Sdn eoalataste ,ahetobl® edt xo% Setelqmes ote eqam eqyt 8...
“i a age aaah: wdactct Iegotdsil
ndeot’t sett avede edt a0¥ Dado lquos ots sinometede, view Bo) i
patoups: ,araad gsrtslt eddy eta Seoltow od of acibat anes ‘adagvict =.
er eigort avit deat edt oteads bos oaisebaek eViiaks? gtidavelX ,oodaT
of secondary importance: im emogunt.of sugar pine and only « representative HW
working citele om each wil} ‘be gimmarized in the dete il of the more earl il
forests, . ay wh
¥, Sow :
The Yosemite, scot ett Senemal Grant Wational Parks also have
important sugar pine stands which will be included in the final sugar pine
survey, but whieh; Bedause of the nature of their administration, what be
Ginette sea Andependeatly when preparisg * mated, policy, Pago
of Ske § Cente] gue wets Dae one: Lares? ead i
g verte » Those engagéed> dinconducting. he: sugar pins, gurvey. “felly. realize
the’ Tint tations ‘of sthe-data, - Brepared.as they are, £Fom . several, sources. of
gene vel ly conflicting» inforaation which mugt.be. i te as beat.
o meet: the requirements of the survey, itis iucredikle to ¢xbect
‘@ refined: agai secagnaneat ti ecm be, exorel sed in. local BPeLtcation..
effeatinn thei? reooFal ot eh wierd «:
PS RE to ox »Becamse of the, mature,of tbe. ‘dase “eecared. in this survey it 4s
‘considered as of little value until completed and summarized,” For this
reason, no partial figures are included in this report. The results of the
survey will be given in a ‘wanigk Hernns to be completed later,
ss
‘whet. oe _
Mout Of; PRT: fern’ Oh
ans reerndigation stuther ato tparks
ar 1930), Se expenditures, tagurr red. by the. Rivision of BYister® Rust Control
Pon 9
é
nim prometing. the.sugar pine o ite present status (Jan, 21, 1923)
smmonnt bo 45.947. 63... nee N salary . and expenses of 7. Mf. Harris
‘from May, kp 1932-0 danuary,21. 1953 and the salaries and expensed of *
Re Re dd llervand 4, V,, an eos at iat oe ney spent gu the project,
The expenses incu by. ‘in performing” ‘the typing
“Jo, 0n,-bhe “inane x oho
aoa nugt adventageguel; aces é ry bane ee ee ee ee
operat od fron: yuat 13 ti Ageeet :
SA REDAEY ip ange eee ; gi ty
eor the, Vou: in general Albis reeehas< vox ‘ bad
Gexioin Olea, however, cit erly aiene strc 2x4 iia
epining #&, btreng Joothelid, Sabie fe. RnR Ee Dio: St xhel sei aa,
rs Fk. te Sey ey Foe vip a. ‘ . ‘ a %
a) HOLY ER RP eERERA Dee aes & See: Bice
BP RO RSS: Ar ee RS RRR a Ae de Ree ee: A eee ian tae
Y
|
UAEReR, eogerdiag to erigin vith reapest
seacling 'Oprasents the ne
LE my Ae o . te . . sae 7 ; me
CPA, eat 3 UP ah wor. MASS aK. 4 Sniais PeA eee Tie GM sap OP a Se ae WE
Ch, GOR T pre wLy gown Wed, 226 Rio ede deal lyme days tae
mot. Zomudk.the 4 sesh %, tes.
I | wiisigeeacet 4 ¥ino bm, sate tagwe Lo teyvome, ab eorsitoqnt. yirbaoses te
|, | tasttocal, ates orld te Liateb, add, mh isco eamenaia ih Ai ow kane arenes
: t Re ¥ j J EIR BOLE )
evad coals avis ienotiali tnaxd.torened, Jan alespe? sodinseoY ast
enti tepie Ientt oft af beberingt od Iitw dole ebeaieantg tame gaataoqmh:
a¢ Iitw olisitelal gis tied to eutded mié to eegnped .loine gud: .¢yovamm .
eet fog Loxtuag, & sats Soe eesti Xfinobapanhad: Surphtnaae:
estiaor. yLiit yev'ree ents Lagi add pat dembacs ers ‘donee eso 120%
%o esomwos, Lersvee mot] ete yess en. betecet! . .mtab; ads. to. navte nb dete poms
deed. ox, Dog incertecd ad. sexm. do tiie ‘se lvestotat guldoificos yifarsaen:
tobene of eldtbeioat 2) ¢f gyevtwe oft to etaesetinper edd teoom-0% eidiagog:
Aottarilege revel st Deelorexe. ad dein ROLES ERS 3 Debian pane i
OSE a ees |
ek tf (av Tse gicd ak hertss ee nied aid to pextax ‘ode to preyttoirs ©
eid? vot .boaitemue bas Dejeleuoo, Liven evfey afsthi Yo sa Seteblanos
adt te atiuagt od? .,dteget-eind al bebuioal e1g goimgtt. of gig OR g ROBOT |
grovel batelams ed of Stocat Iatsege ¢ ai aovks od. dldw yovter:
ASS Be FBO.
24,5
forsee), donk sodalii, to sotsiviG, edt rT sores sons theeaxh: ont a.
(Beef gff .aal) extate tnesstq esi of yoviwe: sag: tage, edd, gattompng, oc
sivisl .A .T to eeedecxe bos yxelea ont zebylont aid? 88 Th, 58 of sovoms
to ssenocas baa eatiales ect. bus £50) Lk yrawan§ 03. Sigh Yas mn
stastote scf se. tanga ..yodd, omi?d edt tet solbemed, .7.4% bus. tofLi Mh ak a
guiqys ede gabertotieq sf get ansasslannoner oad. yd borsenat measegxe off
,bebriont esis ete edeetot soda? bas nue aie ho dol,
ter ey
mn z is sy EL iy ne E
Se ee = =
ee
att dhl Abad lus
| ai pista
PUPAL 21553 “m,. Bp Benedict
Assistant Forester
A Tm eat me ERG em a
| Ekperinental Hibes: “eradication in California for 1932 Sonsisted
two operations, itlccel Tete eat of Rides ‘on ‘the Vorriagten unit
'@ Natio ay, rss’ mene), om initial cxagication on.
“As: given on page 275, Anwal ieport for 1926. ib
‘ a exce, ; “= r alterations resulting from row.
ae ‘itis tn in the. pest four years, The
Paster ege 8 Cox nS and costs of.
it’ area four years ater ¢ the first working
seen the econ area to provide » wider. field of.
aie,
9 ert
Pain Peng 19 ol
rw
ca . RAD T yi Santee
STRAT OE tr 9 pL Fr a pe
veoreatsthoa® of ree Work were essentially those used in
studtes ats 21930. () 198, Annus] Report
‘for 1 1950)», extépt that ; recorder mee att taaben hese ett:
oat Mees gion’ ‘Scarcity of Rides Mes toteritzes of evecial data was
dane by a regular orem pmb Pe Ome,” two end-three man créwe were. used,” rp
ae i bundence, the smaller units’ functigning to” % 9B
ting-areas-free -of Rives” Od in eradicating: ‘ema a
: (auabtdgea gu tated tor bushes, The entire orieinel ares wee rewortod except”
for 9 acres of stream type extending outside: the general erverimental stem
| a4. not po wees i lecated for —— ptaay A \3—man camp wes 7
rated from Pure 15 to August 28.00... 8 : ,
or. the, area in general Ribes reettablishuent was Light, In
Certain, sites, hewever, chiefly elong streams and in brush, Aibes were again
gaining #, trong foothold, fable io.-l shows the @ibes distribution, beth
vtotal § eng avereges per acre, for the seversl,types encountered in the:
experimental .arsa. fhe bushes sre classified into seedlings, sprouts aad
weissad, according to origin with reapect te the daitial eradication, ‘the
seedling group represents the new plants germinating after the first
eradication; the eproute are, these resulting from vieble fragmmte of root
and crom net properly ighelaegle oad: pugeemge clase Andintae state: ‘bushes
not found the sg sgeorsthy gd ! bet. * :
> % feet, 3% 3 ig hs . fs fort feel oe tere + ater Ses hs ee 1 Gy: *
2eW Year iny Lléwered this ever ye ae ee ae te
tras > oe Se i & Poe ‘ *
wueh far the area ct & Wha ce
aol
git TT
vothese® .¥ 4%
qwtee 10% éosbelesa. .cii sows?
hod¢etakos Beef “fot stwtetkifs0 af wat teothere 2th hetaomkrege: ocorece
¢tess sodzaltrod edt! ad’ woke Xe Ko taotharset & (i) yenaitetege evs te
eo sotisothexe faltint am (S$) Bes deetc’ Sancta asmlaiaes< add to
giolacioo A sbastiow <efesoiverg Jom eet amptgnivrod adi To colfieq 4
sf Beer tet stoqeh Iscuné .eVS eaeq c6 kovis, Bt gots ahd} to aatiqhsoaeh
fact mott, gatd ives anotierstia tom ist se% sqeere Sas tedutd atgtiviad al
* gal .e1aey wet feaq’ one ai o(eS2f Jud Sogoerts sed. sesaonevongal
%6 edeos bee enoltinwoo 2edte eteatteevat e@ etew atom edt To aevitoelde
saisdrew 2a%lt edd sovis eineY% Wot sets toms ae HO Isvomex thedd galtoette
"to bleit tebiw 2 ebivota ot aie Iatnombteqns emt bisgxe et bas
¥ ° a
ee ee
at bess eaods yliaisaouas oxed tree aS pertarrorreq te ebhoritek
_dteqed, famnok, SOL eyen) O&@L at grivdusiG ta selbsde soitsolba tee eid
wrexo moldanlberes os of bedoatia tor ssw tebrooer s tart tyeoxs 4 (OSL sot
nay ateb isicega, to goibsones pdt eedi# Yo Yiiowede Leten’s efd "te eanaoe ti
ghons ovew gwar gem seul? bre Owe 8 sedwem we're telegey & YE eno
“ed patrottoact Btiay 10 lfawt sit eomsbards mide tod?l moux gatbieqob
ssi ifane gatianthere st bam aedtf Yo Gott seam gititaoo! mf egedaevbs
fgeaxe bextevst 38% aars Lacigiao eatise emt .agtand ‘to serotag botsdtase
aot [etsemttoqxe Iessq0ey od? ebletuo euibmets9 ogy anette ‘To ‘gexse @ tot
asw qa? core ci A «tats tnoseateg tot botanel qfanoagsias vis fox bas
«ak gemgok of GL ean’ mort Setetege
ni wstigil @ar Snemilaiidadeset sedi Latency oi sets ecg sot
riage eve sedii ,daxrid at bua anvette gaois (fteide iovewon gaeiis nias1e3
dted ,cottudiusstS sedth end awode I scot efdat .bLodtoct anotta s paiaiag
edd mt bevetnvosne seqys Imtewes o9 xot ,9%9s Teg seneTove bas alates
ban etuorqs ,aadifhsse otnt beltieasto eta audusd off e018 iad comiteqxe
edt ,tatiaotante fettial edd of Yoognet dtlvy afgize of gatbtoesss ,beealia
gat? odd xodta gattantetey, staal wen odd eiaesorget esota aallbese
toot to agnemgatt? ofdstv mott acid breet sgodt ets stroxge off yaolisolbars
sedasd exeit:ashelont eagio betelm odd dom ,bevomet uUlrsqerq ton swory fas
. emit guttt edd basot som
lable NC
ee ee
BO ea: : 2.0 : Se
ae rm sages erupt
remedied ‘SPLUP. # (yeniee ara ae now eariea SP_PP (ronderoea pine).
iz abae —o- * ~ RRPRADICATION SUMMARY
5 e'No.'2 shows by ee of te total the three classes of
Ribes erbdicated from the. different types. Of special eignificance is the
small amount of new Ribes growth in the seedling group produced in four
years in’ ‘the: at ‘cin forest. For a logged area, represented by reeradication
data secured at Strawberry 4n 1930, 88 per cent of the bushes eradicated,
containing 60 per cent of the live stem, were seedlings.
ae average seedling has &6 feeb: of live stem, the average
yu a ae feet ‘and the average missed bush 20.0 feet. In stream type the
age ‘bush contains 5.3 feet of live stem, for brush type the average is
forte in SP_¥ type 2.0 feet. (numerous. current ) ver seedlings along a
Way lowered this average) and in SP_PP type 13.9 feet. The average
bush "ee Gs the area as a Whole contzined 5.9 feet of live stem.
a
aan of aag
Sake F8 Skits
i ss TAD a i 62818 JATOT
Le Ashe St BOSSES) Soil 0 i
(oad .£8 les ;
iSO. 88 |
[Sea ,o¢ :
ae ae arcane eee a ER aE
ino a,OLEl EIS BE Paste Wishes arta fir tal =a
itente asersbact) 44-46 betiso wor ‘(ante woo) a8 Oiaktine
LABS MUS ~uLeeo.
Le TGAMUE BA aes aon GAs Cael &
aeiyy
Lee pes fees tear lee
te acenalo egaid: at ingod ott Yo vomsdasosee vd eeodw @ 10k ofdel
ocd af sansolting ta fafoege O .eugyt JnetsttEh add mort hotwotbate eed? i
wot af boovbory quot gut iieee ais gt advow eed it wea 6 Ydvems Ifans
cotéasiisyeox yd betawesiges ,ante beggel w tol Jdeene? atgriv of? of at Y,
enews aarand acd bo feed ter BS {OCel nk presidente ta. ‘betwee etel
sRarntfbest) eee japts: owl ads vane tune ha Oe Sakiterihe
epasevs odd vote evil kes eels wart grbt heise aa te ve wet
add eqyd meore chi deet 0.08 dend heoesin, saateve edd’ beta dent Pee ‘tiles
2! ensievs edt exyd deuid to% ymoda evil to Joe} &.o entatacd: dand e3e19¥e
& gnoluw avatibeee ws5~¢ teetiao axvotemmr) ¢oet 9.8 eqyd E26 af ,teo0% T.d
egereva ell
feet @,eL aq yt FI.%8 ot bow (egavevea eidt berewol yevbser Wer
wmete avif to feet €.2 feniateon ofLoit a ag sets odd tot dend
RUMRADICARLON SUMMARY
PERCENTAGES OF RIBES BY CLASSES
In Table No. 3 is shown the percentages of Hibes foes)i and
R. nevadense occurring in the different types. Outside of stream type
R. nevadense is negligible in the locality,
. Be SeboTUAL Ie ! SUMMAR 2
Bushes were recorded as fruiting or not fruiting when they were
eradicated, Kesults are shown in Table No. 4 Fruiting in the aggregate
is light, being largest, as. Would normally be expected, in the missed bush
group: and even here. light compared to fruiting im logged types where 24.4
per cent (reeradication at Strawberry, Anmal te ef 1930, pege 211)
“— pee winnad. — were eissinei fruits.
oe 3
2 ws LU
; | 1! “Apes Goliad iad
a
wasends (e BIeIS 40 Baons wioaNe
rw:
stegetags et at geitiext .@ .oll eldest af avgde ois atlaeed .beisoliato
dexd boweth od? nt ,botoeqze od Ylfewisa browt aa eF62QuaL gaiad. ataig ht ak
DOS ovedw segyt Sessot af patttott of besagies Ioytl ated geve. Sane quot
(Lis sgeq yOUOl to troget famasd acrtod@ett 2 ts ‘molvadkbazest) saeo z9q q
“et 3Lott ga torborg “even” bhi ees bake to q
DA $300 al fast “eal es Gat.
| 1 mT ane Lizeot gedis to aegadmeoteq ef3 awoda 2f © .of eldest af :
mili eqys masta to.ebiedad” aeg(d saeteTila edt af yaktimooe easebavon «A 4
th Glilsool eit at sidigiigen st esgebeves .§ |
! | iI erow yer? aociv mare? #08 to ‘geswahey'’ as babroset Siow aedaui acu
| H |
SS
=
a
——
‘Serradivetlon werk the Prewnies pee cumpheed Tm tani
revelte obtelned je PRO RVPARES OF BUBHMS FR ULTING -
ee ce Pe
iis ie penne: a
Res
en
Tiives| Acres
ofrer Par-
ab osareae ‘Wreaxéa: wat! teeckate ‘nap wont area rt ‘than 85 “feet oF live tem
“per ecre,
“Gosts ‘of erdiication ere Largely governed by Biber Bbundehnce
- mithowen other. fector's encountered in working ‘at wrea,’ tuch as brush “cover,
‘yoced ze of bushes, Tock outerovpinges and topo raphy erert =m tmportant
igo at ‘Thus costs ers Lowest in the open sugar. pinéspont cross ‘pine type |
where Ribes are fewest, Conversely Coste sre Breatert fx the brush and
' ® stream types agra the heaviest Hibes and most diffienit working Condfti ons
oo tare pencdount ered..° These itu. types, areregating only 3 per cent of the area,
contain 25 per cent of the Kibes and represent 19.8 per cent of the cost,
Pes 5
SS OE ee =
=
Hy
| ¢
errr ae ee ee
===
———
oe er rte ee
AO si ce BLA EL EA ENNIO DG ELLIO A NEAGLE 2 RL A
iestoajeod!a|
‘ecyt ent aectohsogesaig tagse meqo oid ‘al ‘Faqwe
ia made So aoa =
l” %& sind. x3 i 4 saat a To, rp oa ° Pe) 729)
nar ya Mh Seat) eryowg es _ | peated ti
| een 7 De )
ote eK a
ms a. OE Supunpruaniebon: sreeeine tt Re perme wal re epidlta Ringer senate acute mn ont macounescmne
busi a of Oh | Ons eae eae ‘
nk sewosia ata yiqyd 7] badeit ng ok nol $a0 thao ‘oitg te tae”
seanocxe toatota tae? wort Hotirmies Siew Saud Head act etvod ~~ .8- sot efdat
29qy) ines tol A108 To ye gam to toda od? to atand edd ao
a
fay. pe.
ag
t0%| 29%)
eM |
mets avhl to feat ae aaay weer -pontabiiee- vee edilenad.d ye) jr Py aneta*
r ee 1930
2) * ESR, Lye
oo sanbaarcle: aed ' “d, ieocnven ee ag ‘abi hit 6: Setied as
TS tao resred 89. chess de os getitoe i betodaionrs «avedaat tedto daseatla!
| | Rrmieqes ae ttexe ydeetgogod Sra suatareroize Aoot: sedans Ro orta.,
‘etn e980 agg?” weoceeh iat:
bas cdesrd edd af teedaeta ta afsoo (leetewne) deeweoots | sedi otecdt.
gaoftiones acbtier cig deom Sna Bodik ssetvasd od? otedw eeqys maotda
ott to des E ‘ae anidegotmas ,seqyo ost exedl ,betedavonns 9s
pt#on ait to tea 9g 8.0L dncseiget bae addi ent %o dae teq GS aad roo
9 SRE 9g
HOST OW Oy Order te" hore felly widerstand the significance of the
r6eradication work ‘the results ere compared in Table No. 6 with the
results obtained in the initial eraditation four years esrlicr, °
*Stream type acreage in original enadication shown erroneously as 266.7 instead |i!
of 216 acres. As the total acréage for the initial eradication is correct A Te
this error of. LRA? BEF is throm into the. blocked out area ..§.- : |
ser in Yor the area as a. whole prern have. ‘fallen 74 per. Gent and Bibes 79
per cent, . in the .cugar pinefir . ype, Shere cost and, Kibes. reductions are
lowest, . ~ new highway has, been. constructed... Ihe ground disturbance along the
right_ofeway created favorable Ribes seed bed conditions resulting in the
establishment of many seedlings. The seedlings were largely of current season
germination and contained but little live stem, The presence of these
seedlings obscures the real reductions in numbers of Hibes and costs although
it is seen that there has been a 90 per cent reduction in the amount of live
stem.
es
4d
Contrast the reduction in costs and Kibes for this uncut area with
reeradication results obtained in 1930 for the legged area at Strawberry,
Where costs and Ribes for the uncut area fell almost fourfold and fivefold
respectively, the reductions in the logged areas were a little over halved,
It appears obvious from these studies that permanent Ribes suppression will
be mch more readily and less expensively obtained in timbered regions, In
fact, based on the 1932 reeradication results, Ribes control for the
205
ie notase Jnerurs to Ufental ever agak lisse wd Saniibeos yorum to tapeubtidades
edd to eomaoltiasia sdf bastereban yfiot vic of tebt0 at
att diiw @ .o sfdaT af botsqmes ote etiseet odd drow nofisolSateet
wweilies 2twe% te0% soteedibate Fatfiat edt of beniatdo ativest
5S ee
SAV sUANe akin si. BOLUADLGAgERe Go BQeT:
j eo ar weit te fest] 3 okeoinaa andi ieee.
| weenie 399 S280 pod 199 bets
| | AMES Se Rica So
} Recor ; wit} ~ #aa0t
0 <i} fi iat wat to}
oe "9 or tS | ote | SEs
fae BBS: sd Sai | fxs ue: eebae wih ins Leda batt se oe e
eit: rate, 808. 1088
aS Bs) +e ‘es
LE NON ane e * --
i
= ai
ee
|
£ if
{ re } age | iat in. 7
¢: ; a oe S
er tees ieae se oa
}
i
i a a A
HAG Teak. ae (G4
MH ; . ;
| " 1 z
AWN i a Ot} } Gad - --
ATi tl Hike en = = ARTE in oR ga aes Shek net pera
ayy Hy | } H ' } ae Vee re ae
va
¥ ! 3 ‘ E
| i]
|
j
eee 2 eer [ane where
pestint T.856 as yleavenctts aweds. nektsoiiers Barsrnd i O2e6 198 ae" aanene
dnerses 2% nolisotias’ Sabsiat eit rot egaetos Estos odd Bh .ee%0% 18 to
Say esetg fae BE ad ‘08 =e: weave tat! i
Ao asdiZ tas taney 20g as rian. pers itaoa’ otede a. aa Ladi. ait ge ae is
win anotiames. eedii Bae days otedt) ,equd: 3h — tagre.ede ol. -sdman 799.
eat stole aactute hb aavoty eat betaratends eed eed qatiigid wom a, gteevo!
ead at galiiosuy aealiisgoe Sad gene evden sidatevs) Jetaet. gare ntrigt+
aesd?. to soavsatgy sit mode evel wit 22 Jad. Hoptatwos bag: hoftaniarres
Pexodtis ataoo ‘bes sedi “tc exeduma oi anotioubet [est ed? aousesds agntiasos
avil to tavema odd at. aottazhet.died tieg G8 w aad ead otaild: mapeusl naive Mr tt
B25, gto de
dite sexs tuaget eft? sot sadli bam sie0oo ah motvagben edt gastiacd | ae
sexedtat’ de sate, feprel odd wet GCL ah bontetdo etivass apiiecliates: |
' BLoteshs fax blotasct sonle Lis? eet tusay odd tel eedth baa ategn ezeda
sbevied tove oti « 970%,age%s boggol ent at eapitowhen edt .yyleviiasaqn et
iiiv geteveiqcu® and! taocamieg sect: eelands s2eddrmes? syotves erasggs 11
AL. notes Soredaid.at bautatde ylevieneqze eeet bas yitbeet.e ton doem od
add, tot. Letdaed.avd si deine sienerane hace voip one: a0: — ia
ee ee eee nn aL Pee ee) Ee eT ee Pa Ore ae SN A Ly ete fae ee Oe
Derrington area 18 now attained: and can be maintained by periodic
maintenance Work in the favorable Ribes sites until some major disturb.
ance, such as logging or..fire, alters present forest conditions,
... the, reeradication work was systematically checked, both by
‘the camp boss as it progressed and by regular checkers after the aren was
completed. Instead of. the 50. feet of Live sten standard of efficiency
used for gael eradication work, the reeradication job was ‘held to a
28 foot Limit. ng. results showed all parte of the area to be within.
| this Timi te
‘ea semua um Tn ‘conneetion ‘with ‘the ciseie “Job an Gate iar was unde tem
eee acy of the checking Work, especially with respect
. ‘out arese: of Ribes, Regular eradication crews in 40
ale a days completely covered 2,485 acres of the suger pine-ponderosa pine
prea d@eetenated by prechecking- es supporting less then 25 feet of live’
stem per acre and consequently not requiring Work. A total of 1,566 Kibes
with 23,534 feet of live ‘stem Was removed, This is en averace of .7
“Kibes oF 9 -5 feet of: ‘Live ‘stem per acre, The cost of this experiment
“‘pimoun ted to $197.22 or $.08 per acre. ‘The cost of the Work ‘snd kibes
| Femoved ‘are incIuded in the ‘hotel results of ‘the reeradi¢stion job,
“which, on @ ‘prorated man ‘dey vasis, ‘adds $02 per acre to the average
ac ett on =e. Bader sg A ‘circumstances ‘this cost Would not
“ Mfter the reeradication “gob Wat completed the remainder of the
field season War devoted to initial cradication in an sdjoining stand of
mature sugar pine under which occurs considerable brush and reproduction,
fhe location of this area is show on the file map of the Dorrington
Ribes eradication unit. fiesults of the work are shown in Table No. 7.
296
oisotied 4d banistaban 26 tae Bas Seaiad in Was 6h 6972 sot gaivred
Juststs sohem eae Litas actia wsdit efdaxevs?, odd, af .arow, songne tedom
eiaatd liaoo taezo%. ‘daosetgevedia _gtit te gaignel aa dorm gaaes
ud déod ,bodoedo yLlaotiauseys sew ctiow notizoibkeree galt
sew aose e062 zotte eredoeds teluyet yd Bae bensevgotq tf ea B20d qmso ed?
youstoltte to Siabagde mote evil. ter doe. OG eat do bagtent .bedofamoo
a of Bist Gav dét Koltsotsetsox oad aitow sofdaothbate faitiat tot bess
“sha Ww od of BOTS eat to sire fle beworde aa Lutes Eons oShmtt bad Se
nedet tobi’ saw Fieart LoeKe ne O67,” sAtineds adi. dd br a ae Beto
toe x a3 Fe Giaksagsa , igitow acisoedo sit ‘te yoats9os ond eds of
oN mk ewora s nofiaok sgt te Legal tod 1K. Xo east epets tao. gohioeld of
oatg evar saeg-entg Taga e12 2o satoe 968 boiewgs ylesatoma: eyed ll
“SVE So tae af madd aot srtiteccwe Bs prbtoedsetg ys ‘bessngiseh B67
eodit Sea, f to idiot 4 ~ otto? geitinnet tor Uiiteassies Bas S198 Tq ino fa.
Sh. aly +6 eugtevs na af-eld .boveest eaw mesa Svit Yo test BEE, EE se were!
‘dmenittoove Vit tg teen act ~ exo toy wets ovil te feet ao to ‘ees
eedti-bae wtow- ed? to tooo eff satus Ty Bog te St Sele oF. enna
«det mo Meatbsrest edt “ro 09 lexan fader sdf at Searisnt ete bevomet
sasiees off3 of etae wey 0,7 shba ,uisad ysb aos boteteta 8 fo etlotity
tox sl getet dees fad eenaet sas to i gaat “8 wha, _atape, io Heath
ait ‘ke wabectoslirs ~~ nalretaihd saw aot dt Geiaien? ‘eng ‘wake
to busta age ba op at mettastbats (altiail of beteveb 228 mozne? “avs
wortorthotges bax Peed efdereb inion eanede otite vebasr enig ese otudec
avognitietl sit "ho quam eIeh sft mer nworle ar sote 2t8? Yo cobltcoet ony
0) OW OER eh ameter Sua ata oad te ne liao | tna aotteothers’ “peor?
ae TR ibes| Acres
“*- @gatée —~-fper per
Ring aa
Both Pay Dy rt me Ja
lisse, ok iieeeten ie a ‘man day basis. oe “phown in
Table No, 8. The project; leader’: Salary for one month is charged against
supervision immadition to the: talery and expenset.of the camp bors, the
equipment ee, Guene _ an arbitrary sheers proportionate to the
i Sno gevcteann-Ana/e-Vu-treck plus»
onan Sodeaes truck: lites. £20,000 miles,
i ais ail
Pe Rs Be TE ae
SIAR DD LY EL DEIN TPIS DIET 6 Noe OR om
oh,
(prceceae eS “e — o Bis
ree SEAS le
we Saat i
wee a
extend
Syn Be
}
ey 3
een
Le ron mney sibisiaad oh te kT ae
CARO OR ay als. sarees, i wclbanctinlai
lGost far Mead oc. i cr ei bh tasice ai ty este
Reta: .. Xee. Tull ohacen tox. ercipont wil
mere] 2y be berms y y the reaceticns ae st Pe: Ge a, ae CE, Bat TR i 63
AWOSRBe 1B emit Leet iy = ey wy SEPenee ox coniusting the sheexime
aay ynliok Ae fnoinded is. reeradigation soot, ey 4
‘tenes ere vrere tek Qhtien clivet & mere a&atar ’ Y
epodication 566.
~
=
eS
7% het a : * ~ eww 4
‘ 4 r yen ee ec Sse Rt Neieget
eee 2 S 3 Ts OD Myx ap tes
A : a
cc FEM ee. i EERR NG Satie ML, Ad
: nine t
VaAiidie WOU EAD] Ck
ee claret cise, nite menibeeemnarsesatanaetabeabenaneens
BOTA \aedla| |
T4 BY 1 e hou. si
geSi} ted]
Tera ae
“a
¥ mes ies ah 4g Bi eae neeap x
Inbiiat bos aodtgotbateszatod tel molier%qo Bieft add to.ateod.
at wiode oe aliad yok mem ogo bedeto7q has boslanil 318 aotisothete
featese aogwmio i dinen eao 10% yralea 2'ibeel Ineloiq edt 18.08. sidat
etl ,a900 qusd.cdd. to seaasqrs fag viele edé of wolf thba at solelvisess
eid ‘et etaaslizogetg sieglt yratdicis ae ai egtado melfatosiqeh inamginne
ssanegrs goltaiiegeaatl, .1o Haoliese aes ee od? uot wagde sgiedo doauclepe
3 eglc dortd aod S\inf dasaqtevog ocd gaidateqo to eoeme axe elt ahuloal
<2oLim 000,08 to ettf dowd betamites os co boasd sgtads mottaloexqed oysol ia
stew thmegre bielt [auiom eis east! sanegrs wedtC
o@, 00 sidgi ot bvdati eta.ede, tied tei et20s eonetaiades
: Y se ay yin : Pie ab ie ae aM a RSPCA BS AR NS ML a ANG SR aR RM eT MOM ad NS
t bch ih
aye a
© a
pois he
ee tes
BOOT 3 SS
en TS Hy
oe ic te ay a
iM, cet
wee Wee. fall ‘shacee for. be ee = Nae aie supplies should
normally be borne by the reeradication job. Im this case, however, this
expense is practically offset by the expense of conducting the checking
experiment which is included in reesradication costs. ‘therefore all expense
items are prorated Which gives a more accurate cost for the initial
eradication job.
TO
|
CO
8 Wh DTEA Az
KOMEA we "KO B09
Ne ee OA A TR RFR MN Hane oo
test aj
we £207 &
x eae * ok i a
encores antes ot aay Cee a hn oat nin Sane Sahm “enn pag
ait alltel
freien mraeeraes Cae 83.50 te saa Toa ‘samedi. of eo idal
»
} : . mf
Foinscsieesssbic asia 5 ae Se oe es aS OSs) Sef
rs e
add
why P
ny ah Gee
wm avd
n, ae
vag it
SER00 BORAT ei adic
ANC aR 8 AOE AAO NSTI ISLETS ATE PRL STO TN
;
vy * a
ey. eens ae a
beewmsse: =
we
be os es
Heariaioeieris nae SD % panieutioe asa LHD Be gE, Bes
bieede sefticque euceneileozin Sig Snomytype tot eptado [int edt setol
eid? ,rovewor ,easo tidt al .det sofisotiareet etd yd onted ed yilsertes
suidosdo off palveobogo to eenegxe ed? yd festto yilasitoata si sensqzre
aasegre ffs erotecsd? .a¢a0o nolteothatest mi Seboleat a2 doldw Jaemtregze
fatticl edt tet ¢eoo etetucoon otem « aevia dotdw betjetotg ots amodi
edo sottsothate
PARY 1
iN aR CH bWl CAL Eid ERADICATION OF BRIBES
ene ei Ven Atte
ben te hgent
ein enn more yERe in _ atanlé let
+44 was not. ered to check the 1931 denen in thie area
waited late Qetober of. 193¢,, After a brief survey of the work, it wes decided
that only a ‘partial check would be. needed. to. bring to light. all, the salient
points that. could be learned at that late date. This decision will perhaps
be more ‘peadily understood when it 1s pointed out that the accuracy of a
detailed check is conditioned by the degree to which the experimental
plant® are” ‘disturbed between the time of treatment and the time of checking,
if checking is. performed in the spring following the treatment, disturbance
by_enimals. end ngn. ds at. & wininum,. BS fai however. checking is delayed.until
i i, as it was. in ‘this instance, . it becomes. impossible. to accurately
etermne. the Limits Ee stem, or. rhe? number of bushes erenediy ih killed.by
the treatment, eiktes nae Soadtiy ta the ta x 3 be
ce tee “ity jPrigiitee™ ‘Amberent, in lete checking, dp_not. fe vlibes &
the observer. from. obtaining. perfectly valid informetion.of » general
nature regerding the effect of experimental treatment, although accurate
detailed. measurements sonnets he. to those. pereigertlys nade: in. the rine 3 are
eh: of the qe tion, —
ee ‘accord with, the taakes ‘set Pte Benes one Seine of shows.
experiments ere presented below. in. the form of general observations rather
ee, ee numerical data,
be We nena” setae aceite win hagas ge amie gr ‘fated to”
tomate % raelie
nie’ pana kan: hineaate. veut dust in an steasun sprey eentbintae not?” |
more than. 1625: -pounde of chemical per gallon failed to daitage B. roevli, —
Sprays. conteining. 1,76-%0 2.10 pounds: of ammonium thiocyanste- ‘killed some
| regzli stem but. failed io kill any of the bushes trestéd, Om the —
basis of shone trials wr shee ea ent acme el _ fois a, not to by
‘ 3 ’ + he ‘ial ie bit &
BAA Vly Nr a eee “4 he oY
oe Sohbede Bat ee & i aan 2
ngas
eiSin Wo} KORA IauSS ZAOLUG 982 WS BON
pat
agia aay ad aad
sonkoban2i oud ny sion saat. sta 0 hat ee meee
neta aided wt bd ema sexe Sel ons Bpede oF aitdieien gen gee P1>
beblooh aaw #2 Sow et TS GiveiTse Teled s sorta sSeel Io tedeto0 eiat fttas
imelise edt Ifa BARti ct gated oF Sehvor ed bigor toed faltes¢ a ylao tadd
aad aq iiliw note test athe seteb saat tant is So ntael ed Sigos tadd atatoy
s io yoativede Bay Jedi get Beintod at of teiw booterehag yllheet stom ed
igises tags aus Aatiiw of setyeh ads yd Be toltrtanoo 2 xosdo beallaiss
ivace to Smiv efS baa Yaomdeery to amis edi saapsed. hogtute th. gts adaaly
sadurielb sasmtgett edgy grtwolfot gaitqe es at Leatotieg 82 gakdoeda TI
nv Se usfob ak galteots” evowor Ti ymemiaio a te ef eee ‘ton alemius
gieiazuaas of sidiavogul samosed Ff. qooaadent eds af saw St ag ,fLst
qd feliie-yfiavise sent? “to wedage eAY to mere To ubiinacn ery eatevedob
siieatgett end
dnevetg Jor ‘ob. i eeheeae sia ah jnereditt ieee
farsie3. 2 to, moftsmrotal bliav giiosiieg asiaisida. oott. cavroedo add
etguvoos Hayodiin ,frémiass daiowmtiogzs to “Yoatte add anti 18.58% etried
ets gaitqe sii af sha vf Magtiio chiamadl od fo teaswiaee ‘aidemstvesen heliateb
sMolsesirp edd To sro
weeds to aiiveet edd ,oveda détet doe mtoat odd dttw Sroooe se.
‘ood et anol inves 2280 maieaibce to aot og af woled worry: ats admaltegre
— feo bt amsit ag sgtil
ot Belig?- (aot detmaorg - Intoxeanoo =) “oLiti ne andrea: ae bcd
“ hbaeos +H ogame
tox uctaigtuss cates siiobups fers nt ree inte acamaialad pe prertnss
wiltooy dé sgnsigh ob. bollal..colleg tog Lactmede So abapog Gael neds eto
eros beliél otensyooldd avtooans. to. abavog OL,5..04.0N,1 gotainigoo eyatge
efi oO: Sedge’ seodend eds to yon [ftu o8 belint dod made Lfssot of .
ad oF Tom hag ating i? CTEMS LOCI AT iets omat beanie weear tor ~—
considered a practicable herbicide for use es a spray upon this species,
ae
Le Wy cording weed Killer was ey trely without damaging effect
MPP He EB oe
im
“tre Yale aia ‘ts ‘nicks defini tely Worthless when used e# a soil
ilies to kill a Roegli or Re nevad.ens é,
Athylene oxide killed only three plante out of » total of 86 that
were treated with ‘this chemical, The averace quantity applied wee
pane tnetel one ounce by OS per bust. |
Be zt will he recalled that the experiments conducted under this
division of the work were not expected to constitute tests of specific
methods of eradication, as such, but were designed to explore the Zenersl :
possibilities for eradication of Ribes by any meen whatsoever that would
involve the application of chemicals directly to the internal paris of the
plants, the most promiging suggestion for the development of practical’:
methods of eradication that has thus fer arisen from this work deals with
the application of toxic solutions or solids partly in solution in moderately |
small quanti ties directly to thoroughly lacerated crowns and top roote of {i
Plentes after the ‘perial parte have been cut away, In practice, the vse of
such e treatment would” ‘probably be limited to the larger plants of the dry —
land types, which plants ere frequently quite costly to eradicate entirely
by hand, No ‘assurance is offered that such @ method will prove completely
satisfactory, ‘at Andicatton: are that it has more than a fale chance’ for
success, a ,
ied 4 Mn ‘1929 at! Clamcta.” Taaho,
ve ‘cnevteie ‘eere iby! ‘were late out end treated with experimental |)
f pt Clerki#, Idsho in 1929, “After they were checked in 1930, the by
rd ated hed received five end ten per ‘cent chlorate sprays were divided
into halves; one of “each pair of half plote was then given © second treatment |
with the same Kind” “of solution es Was uted in 1929, “in 1931 efter the half |
wits were again checked, ‘2 ‘repetition of the original chlorate +resteeny
SEE. hea 4 thet eroup td half Plots ‘which ‘wes le ad ca is Tr
‘Wier ‘the Clarkia eres wat exemined this yeer, the eet ides hae? the
tectint eat difficulties imposed by the site had upon the resulis of the ~~
OO
ep
saatoegs aid? mogu ystGs 2 aa ear tot ablotdred eldaotioarg a detebiagoa
jostie gaigensh twodiis clovhd mt aad wo 124 boot agatiiod Wf ud
ebisoos od sogw
[loe a aa beer sew sas lidcon arabes ee at ‘eteth pale ag
- pagebaves Bh so Jfason of J1fs od tanga
“band 08°%o fafot e to fue analy Sout? yim baler ebtxo ‘eoolyae
gan Deliqgs ci time, exo tove ‘eat _ eleo ined | atdd Be be, hedasrd ‘ataw
i “glad aq idglew M BOM PRD, AUD
atid rohmr betovhaos stasuleeyxe 44) dedd So fLaoer ii a it
oftfueee To atze? siutttamos ot hevoeuxs Joc stew Stor add to nolaky Eb
fatenss gis otolgce of omy 2ek etee god | fers RE qiobveo! here, to abodsom
bicnw jadd vevectiake gisen cee vt Bed ta he" votseohBare tot aelsilidtaaag
ant to eiteq {sovedat ad’ of gifoott® aleotwaris to aokisoliqte ea avlovat
I[gstioaxg te tusagofave> adi.to% soltagggua gals imorry seo ext ,e¢agig
dvtw einel drow sity mort meats, “st audd Bett Jedd. solvaothste ‘to shodden
Nisdatebon af sotiulos: at’ yliag #hifes to esto fifo gixog Yo nok sotiqgs ‘edd
to etoot god byw eowoers betwusosl ‘elvignotody oe eltoexts ashe bs rian, Ilo
"to wae eke eabtoutg al Siewe tus Dead eval afeay Iptves. ade tests Bomalg
uth edi to a¢aelq tegtal eid of Batlatl ed yldadorg bow ¢nomlaszs 3 doves
qlotiine eisoifate od yldaoo eilyp eliaerpeti ote elnalg dotdw ,seqys baal
(levaiques avete Chae hotiow ¢ Have dane heretic af ‘eotetsséa O% .bhoed xe
toi soaede thet @ sade wtod agit if dads ote amo tiea tbat tere “ eiotosia Has
moe —geeeoorre
|| igttemtraqus dite hadsend dae 290 hel ero adolg Soe Mdioae OBI
arid ORR ai fexoero etow yout tadtaA 42ael at odabl ,whakal) te eyatge
bobiyib eves ayangs sdatolds tues tag aed bag ovit Bevieosr bed doicy aiolg
+ pad aos hainmee @ fev ig med? aaw etolg Bhan to rag Hose Yo! sao jaevied otat
‘tiad edd. vedia [gel ak “ened at bsay san ee noRefos Yo°babl: ome erty “Atte
taanigond eictelas dntiaive: el¢ Te sottieget s yhetloeds: thar athe atoly
sOG0L al vsluecel tos Bow sranmiee me, ‘nd ri lost: ene viel heklGan bot
eds jadd stostte adi ieee airs ‘Sektaen aee BOTS “ ghiaef0 eds sock
add to atisees off moar bes site odd yi besoqut selifvaltiitb fgofadood
‘Wengen ee. m Ss = EM NON Sr ele ere ene enna
eee ere eRe Te eer pees Tere Tr ie ee wo
experiments) “ere, even more, apparent tnen they pad been at-eny other time
since, the; work, was, undertaken,). the site end. the conduct of the experiments
are renerdad in the 1929, 1930 end 1931 annual Reports,
pierre hs ng (
the be o chdbad telat eres. von: Dot, performed, upon the. area this yeare..it
fel i ihe, Or serrin ds, plent environmental circumstances encountered
obs end the changes. that have occurred.due to spring freshets,.ihe
avers. end, other, epigels, a8, pel) a& the regrowtas..of: dbrush,. would
ak ned 60, render, the.. data, thus collected.. inacecurese, aud of ¢yubtful
a & general, survey, of. the whole. ereg was; made, however, end it served
Smphesize, the. following. polatet 0.
coe a Ee “upo eet
Pat i Y be % ey
Oe Be any ophcome, of. ‘phe, experimen te ahice War.
2 Beer sts
typeof site, within, ihe.eree wes £0
+s vis Fasder sPeeste. cf many.of, Ane.warietions in the experimental
te RLS s t aay My completely = tga yt py
conyS? Hone. of. ‘tbe. ctemicod ‘[Peatmente ensiiel. at, Glarkia were,.by eny ..
neant satisfactorily effective upon bs pesiclare eroving ia certain...
“t etions shi ch are.charecterized.by. the presence of, BRHAT OURS benno pn,
jenantne aise heavy, brush, : end. Wipdfebher.s, 2s sos
te se Pp pergiadie 25 seco pee cyl ie
Lh “ese facts ‘have: previously. been. ‘yeasgnised, mt ‘their, sigoifhcence
sei tid, of present. mowledge Rareense “_— mention a tate time...
a ab the risk. ae Agetiers, eget bas: sien Lilt Ny
ais CLs at Be %
to be snd, 1988 it, wes uepet: mee ioe. Cleskis reine tera would serve to
the relative effectiveness of applying chemicals in early, mid,
e season, The verietions in site mentioned above entirely frustrated
of seasons for this stat t (Cam be shown. by
beak sa Shae ae Le features of the en ai thé plots treated
during June lay mastly at the lower end of the area, those treated in July
at,.about .the middle of. the wmrea, while the squgust asplications were made
om plots thet ley fer up 2 side branch of the creek at the extreme upper
end of the area, Large local variation within each of these blocks does
exist; nevertheless, if ench block be.considere’d at a unit, it is possible
to recognize three types of site each so different from the ovhers thet
even if, efficiency of crew. methods and season of application hed ceen tue
sane. throughout,..lange differences im response to treataent might
ressonably be expected to appear between the three blocks, resent
knowledge indigates. that, the mmgnitude end direction of these differences
in results would tend to duplicate those actually observed on the plots,
The exact magn tudes of these influences are, however, not knom and it is
consequently impossible to use the Clarkia experimeni® as a basis for ts
conelusions, upon the relation the season. of epplicetion sears to the result
of chemical treatment,
+O
std tendvo “ne fe need bad yes) wadd Sostsega eron ‘fieva otow ei aomiteqxs
esmeuitegzo sid to Joubaoo edi baa site off netigtrebou aew stow efi sonte
eedioceh Iennom €el boe OFHl ,Gael eds al hobtoos OTB
$I ote9% ata gots odd moqu beartotseg Jon Baw soeds bellsvas 4
herotavesms seoosdemrorio [atsemnctives dust of semetixe ont ‘tadt tfo% “aaw
eid ,@tedaorl galige of ovh beriwoco ovad ¢add sognedo oft bag atolg edd ao
BLeow ,Jauid to ddwotyet od! ea ilew an alamkag +9dt0 bmx etevaed to stow
{etideoe to bas evsiwaoeat Setoelioa andd sigh ads tebaet od. Seatdmos sve
feviee if bas ,tevewod ,shad saw gets elode ‘ods to yevine Len 9 3 Sue
Caintog yrtwolfot edt exfasdene 3iotie 6
“ent af
08 ag¥ gots ons niddiw efte to sqyd af ‘nolttaliey gral edt Ye hesrsx
fajasmiaeqse odd af apotisitey eit ‘to yaar to aiostts ed} rebser of 3a ‘Fasts
,eldastoacoe tat vate lana. aay ioameda Ai gentaens |
aaw dolce aimemiiegks edd to éucndiro adi aoqy ‘soustiftat
Sap 4
Yas yd exe8 adsalo +s bellaga | Sigemiget? Iaaimedo eft to anok o&
siadiea af yaisory ¢ nk BOGS ovijaette Uttolastatisa
stab Asveed agoteass to 9909499 add rch beaitodserasa | Sis msn
ae ak _athigthaty bas .dacrd qwaad yiev ,teler gatamot ie
somsattiayte ated dud box Lasoo: mead ylegctverg. etal adast “428
madd aldd ia Aeliasm aostaaat eigettaW pghelwom dneastg , Yo 4. git *
eS aa , 6 i remohdt tne, pains, ae) eat hy
od oviss blue ag ls ah My abenih aiid, dedi bagod eax “Wk. eset ai Sy int leat
, ~blm .yiazeo al alaclimeds gatylage to eaeaert toatte ‘ovids, <4 om Feglg
besaudaypri, yleovidus, evade, hosos trem. otie mk amolisizay ont ORB? sial Bas
(o/ Md sede 6 Aao,demedas ald 19% saoases eds to ‘smoe stoginy 8.
bosacts, adolg Bai. saiapattegze edt to setyisst aheite9 paleavoath yiteitd
quiet af beiser? esont ,aeta edi to Soe iawol edd ja yldsom yol Bast ge tinh:
gham oteow anotiaolilage targa edd oltdvy .aete odd to elbatm of? foods. "ts
teqqy suetixe od jg aeet® edd to denetd shlx 6 qe. tat. Nol, sada pig's a0
each axoold eaeat to Heas allSiw sob¥atray feo0r Sgt” oss ‘ef? to brie
eidtasog ai Ji ,tlay a ae, botebiagos sd deeld dase if ,saelediteves italxe
éadd atedso edg moth iaetstiis o% done otis to “eaays eed | mg0geT oF
oii weed hed solisollegs to coaaea bag abosiom wer, to. atoftts tt neve ,
idyio Josnigeyd.od sangqset mi aeanetatitb ogt atuodgy pas oma 8
: Jraasi .s@ia0ld se7ds af ceeuded 1asgga ot batoegas od videsoasex
aeoseTetiibh ageat.tg. aotdogtib baa ehui lagen. edd tadd. eelnathal « ole om
ebiolg ods me beviscdo yllauias goad sdgoilqub. cd. bast blyow ailvess at
ei dt boa awomi dom ,tavewod ,ste aeoaenital ‘ened? to. asbuiliyam dogxe eit
Tol elagd & as aigomitegxe sista ld eds ead od aldieaogm | ct 1 ein
dlveet acd,o% otaed apddaoilags to gases edd, paohiates, add ANT anolentasoo
eimendsets Iad ime Yo
ALAS
$2 © > he second point refers particularly to the upper bleck of plots
wentioned mga —_ _ nor-greael wal even ow importance than the first,
“the ree aa it fed ut Yate to seaphukal eradicate or, on
the basis of the’ 1932 abservations, to apparently even seriously damage
Ry petiolere plents growing on the upper block of plots cannot be
‘pttributed ‘to inexpert ‘treatment, since se number of the plote were caree
fully Sprayed twice (in different years) with the most promising chemicel
solutions, © These plotd were trested Pate in each of the seasons, wont thie
Yact could st ‘the most account for only # susll part of the failure, since
singte trentmente ‘with the spme chemicels spplied equally late elsewhere
Have een much more effective, Other fectore the those now recognised
“vebir a thate of the responsibility for the failure, but 4% seems certain
¢ the major POPE ont of ‘the lame for the lack of success must be-
pte te the | type | ‘of ite Pepteren ted cabal
The plo ® in the upper block lie atitis the stream in « narrow
canya They are covered ‘for ‘thé most ‘part ‘with denté nigh ‘brush ‘and are
oR Swampy | ground” dich 6f Wich YS wmder stdnding or runing weter throvghout
the summer, Tuimerous teaver dams add dceastonal windfalls are largely
es espon ible for. Reepitg the ‘Yand> ‘éontinual ty flooded. Thése same general
Reeatey ons” “elso_ obtain ‘tn lesser aégrée om some ‘of the lower plots, but
es are by no sear ae Widespread or e@ severe there se they are upon
= upper ‘block, Definite plang ‘have not yet péen laid, “but when the area
ed this year it wat quite apparent thats ‘Sud uTy afferent
te of watiack, ‘than eny ‘thus far eaployed must be adopted if chemtcals are
ve pabenmmegens fully. used for the eradication of Be petiolare growing ‘upon
imilar.s BR BLbCR,
ih | tinct erate 1 is.a4 Bummary of the experimental chemical spplicetions | ii ait
le. weet ob PME ity Bt eae E are in the wenatchee and Snoquelate National
Forests...
pri py ois west, of Healan were employed in performing the
ai rege, beviered in the table. “The kinde of treatment tried were:
apr (2). surface drench, (3) Bpray end surface drench, (4) subsurface
Aty BP teh crown drench and (6) injection,
ie “With the. exception of those trigle in which the chemicals were
lied. by, injection into the bodies of the plants, the crown drenches
-#nd. those in which ethylene oxide was used, none of the experiments reported
“dn the table involved selective treatment to individual Ribes plents or to
Ribes plante only. Grest care wat taken tc treat each plot uniformly over
esolg to soold sweagqu edt od yYitelvolttag steter #nfoy Baooss ‘edt © LaqZe
staorlt ead aiid ae dy teen nave "ks besa ef — bon time
ao ,to sigoltbate elosateuin “ wristta’t peep ‘antlinssa ot
esciah yleroivee nave Yltoetagde oF ,esotiaviedds SSCL ent to ahead net
ad Joatss siolq to Asold teqqy sit a0 gatworg oi malg ot
“sind siew atolg ead Yo sedate odate ,imeutastyY Preqxeat of betudPsssa
Inciow do yateluotd Jom edd déiw (#tasy Sinserg'¥ 15 mt) sates ‘ps ystad yfiat
atdt dud ,anoesea 92 ‘to ose at ofall Bedaotd etew edolg eaedt™ “eahottstor
eonte ,exslist edé¢ to drag fama a ylao tot Yauooos “Feat add ds bhvog | ‘Yount
etedweale etal ullaups beilqgd efsotuocd> sree edi div etnemteert efguty
besiagooet wom erons madd arosoal t9a30 svisosTie s10m opm assed. svad
||| | stadvoo amoee $F dud ote T fat eat rot Geil id teaoques ens YO etteds 3 tab |
a ry
od veum @aesnus “to doaf siv 40% emsfd sdf to Ho Hog token: odd
— betnsaetqet sits 0 sae BAL ot hedud Inia
wotran 4 wt meotsa edi grate etf sloeld teqge ed? af esolg aft
era baw, decid gin eeseh ad tw digy Seon eit to¥ fetevis ote YodT © «tO YsIBS
jrodgcotid +etew gatamer ty yatbuete cepae et dette to Howe bmyoty ygmewes mo.
giegtsl em SListhaly fenotagovo bos ereb vovaed svoteaud ~,teamra ens
leveneg ange gaat .beboolt yiavatiaso nat’ ett gefgesd tot old tenoceed
sud ,stolg tewol adv to owos ac se1g9b teeeel at aladde cals anoldé Lbaoo
| Moi. BES “yede ae stedd eTeves Bs te basiqeebiw aa sheen Ga” Ye $13 qeds
sete ods maie dod ,biet seed dey dow evel eagle ed tarted © aoole req edd
sdosr9itib yllavlber a dedi Iasieqge 0d typ saw ¥T Yas ¢ ‘efit betrimaxs aew’
ova algolmeds tt besgoba ad damm boyolgms tat eudd yg andi dontis to shom
aogy aakwons erabolied i te: oan apthare ode: rot ave ylinteadoocre ad of
is 2 Beenhy Bifig 2
-modaaieasl c!. aéaem: rie ye Fy
i anoktgeatiqas: Yonlioah pe Sa toed eds! - exundare® a e £ ou otskee? ; EL:
: Aaxatiot oe bag sethingeenee ads ae stead or eit? eo it gh? dear: pbesr
RAF | td botot
ada aireatian: oh he okie: Stew. ‘saimabaekt? to abotion vidas eo eM
tsua" befits togudeets to ebala eft /.eldat ods af hewetvet. erent
eogtavecue to) ivseth eogtrse fas qsrqa (8) ,somets soatise 48) jwarge (LP
genes el (8) fas be gored anes 48), peresosk
orga alealinds. edt dotsde: inh ale lis ‘eoudd: t6° ahltqinié id re
| edaneth sworocwds , ai male edt to -eagibed eda at at Het ioe tie yd betniqa
||| || Se¢eeqet tiaomivegse aii to enen deat eew 6hhto onefydis askew at etedi bas”
1 et te at@aely eed th Laubivibat ot Iaesitget? sv iios ies ‘hav Lowat oldad sat at’
tivo ylezsi tas sekg doas dgets of (need One rao dats “Ye lae’ giaalq ‘eedhe-
«©
_its entire area ana for wai: ‘reason with the exception of the exper iments
De noted above, the figures given representing. the quantity of chemice! used
per jacre may be considered tq ‘Breyratery: p< baa dosage per ott aT Cas,
| | “The. work: “performed | aa ‘ochialgion ‘chaartdy concerned &. inerue
| Plot Ngan | ‘except where: otherwise specified % the: remerke ‘hat soliton will be
"Understood to ‘refer to-thet-epectes;— vaserdscnees che
OBE ATCHRE_§ AL
————_—a_eaaYGKYQYKYYT ay sa
|
Awmonium
rma a rer peas beet of - the effect) venene-of setarals cheateals, Wiese experin- a
ie gnts Seem £61 ule: fut farth: iF consideration $f uiic sulphate end ethylene = |
IIA 0-, oxide, Had ethy oxide been xbplded evenly to the. whdle prea of the plot.
OS ere eile _than teltetivela..te.dh.. S Only. 80 that. the figures for the.
larzp een yr used Fouls have’ béen Gomparable. to. those for the other chemi¢als,
srs. -the amovitt- ntopoesy for treatwent wodld have been ebdmuonss. The paste,
lip o..Qf She vest ‘algo Tenover 0 DHE} r complex from forter a i a
zal “potsen for ‘Streew “type bee ened tenttody
[xa s7a.ss Atle ——-Soray__|__saol___4e ee eon Be aie mee)
|XIIB, . 32. 66 Spray 213). 17 ae 128) |
godt dichromeyery ielded Jlenurbeat a reer one. yu ares fo but: the:
4
Reelin oe Wieeiaet eEed: telavively: darger than ihat agplied ta. the.
[Pa atts periments -ehé:dé impadersocortein thavhad. the seme quanti by: of on oo
—_ fe oF aman tiem, thisdyanste been, aged,..better, results: would, § pave..
been..obtetaed,, The salthiof heavy metals in,general Have. eonsietenshy. oon
lve. 33
FAT
i {VA OW, ae
i nae poisons against sireat type y Kibes, They do, “however, offer ome ‘promise:
| lan of help in certain other dastences which aré disdisted elsewhere, see “|
fe “paragtaptil relating to upiend type “Hibts in’ “Recdmiendetion® concerning field ff
“!stodtes t6 be undertaken during 1993", Part 1, Seetion @; and peragrapas
pa -beleting tod. viscesissiuua end kh. roezii in “#ield recomuendations for: «1
the chemise] apperessing. of ni vey. -ond. barberry", #art ili of, this report,
L1Yh 0-64 * | =z do ___ 1100 |
| ecpegtnmtnnmionel ‘ofl. ‘Veedinents were fairly effective, it should be
| BE Be: ever, thet the site of these particular ireatments wat drier».
4
11¢ aac: there upon weich By -imerue : generally establishes iiself, This fact
ee ow out doubt contributed much to the degree of suctess that was attained,
aa “tetals ¢ ‘onaueted elseWiers: havine previdusly Showk that Diesel oil is of
| Dene ieseorery ‘gpplied’to HK. interne growing upon wet sites, shen ihe
| | ~-ortgingl cost, trensportetion difficulties, sand restricted field of
| o.cappbgabila sy of oils reconsidered, it is readily,,c@en toei they cannot
uo-. hold sem: importent place instream type eradication,
LIT. 70-1.0. * i
| *Dwo-thirds of er smmon tum thiocyanate, and sodium chlorate either alone oF a8
oo "ne Vac ide, were the two most satisfactory chemicals used, The 1931 experiments
| sons] RQ Wot of themselves furnish adequate basis for comparison of the
effectiveness of these chemicals, The most that can be said upon this point
Ag:
“poor reaplte ‘ener uheg- heave bees peed. either ws Sprays or ‘soil. a3 i
tise fraqze eAf to Reis geoxs ods dd iw: m6Raer ais sobcbng sett etivas aif
Bey faotaeis 10 Yditesnp edd galseyectget devig setegit advo jevods sbedor
~sets ting i9q¢ sgatob Inetotget Yledatyooa of bere bianco od Yam etds Tog
Saven? .& beatessoe el hiaaitq Bosgel dagh: mk bemtotteg Atoe @dfs tens oss
o¢ “iliw wellet fgnd alltanss ode: dDeftioege estexedie evede.igqegae dae
p oh 2g ,2efoeg2 gedsing a82et oF Boose tohay
-freqxa 63083 jalsotsecs Istevsa te/asenevisgoetio eld to. 389d.8 Beso frotox
dito fiydis baa etadgive sais is sotigteblanoo sedaxet éa0 elt od meer ai gem
sole’ sd0°ts sete eloduveds of yinevd bobiqqs aeed abixe omelydes bab . sshlxo
$s 10d eptmattoeds sads 0a), ¢lao-gpteah, of. ed eoeviiseles ssdt teciat
jsiacimeds tédéo sdd-rot e2edd of eidetagmes. pad aved. biyow beay yditagyp
eifrewt amt: yaccaoce osed ovad blqow,dmeatapte.tol yraecened, teyoma edi
@ an NXoldatablasoo rwedésed wove zolquos xvegqoo eyouetosls adees Dc Fh
wotiesthbaxe eedid egyd agerde tot meetog Itoe
ect dod -eomadant eno. al ejlumet thet hoblely stamotinkh authos |.
oe) af batloge sada sedi tegiel yleviveles eaw boay Igolaeto to Gi itaayp
‘to yei¢neyp emse ocd bad dodd atadtos. otasgga, st bmn. aipemisaqes teito
avid bigeow sciueoutes jed:.9088 teed olaneyooidl aylazquma 10 asatotde autboe
qlineseieaca oved Levene uh siadom, qvacd, to, efor eat. abealeido need
Lips to aystt® aa toddie. boa. apod, vad youd, nade atlveor toog beds tatty
o -
satmorg omoe soko ,zevewod ,oh. yoo, «sedii ogyt maotia Janings enowtoc
pee. yetetuoele, beesuosth eta doldw egonaisat redio aisizea af gfei to
bist? gulmmesnco, emoitsbasamooes”. al eodtn sayt Aualqy of gofisior ‘@tigatsatag
naigatsecen, bam 22 sotsoed..4.s10%, "Gel gaultub tesedtebar sd ot eethuie
sot atolisbaeuroaes blelt" of tfssot .4 bas sumfeatrosaty J od gatisiet
ettoget aidd to Lil tue ,"yrtedted Sag aadii to sofesescate [sotmerfo edt
ad biuoda di .évitestte vlatat stew atnedtaet? [to-feveid- ot 1 SDE gts
| .teltb asu aideadgs'tt seluotitog saend to etka ads Jad? ,toverad ,hetedmeres
- goat at@l .«tieail sedsildasan yliewne, surest 2 dolde ‘gods asedt sedt
boatatéis aaw Jadd esesova to aoxgeb edi of dom betudicinco ddvobh srodtiw
tc et Ito feeeti tadé swore ylevotverq gaived etedesale betunbass efatx
edi, wedi... .sadts ter oogu golwots sagem of at hatlgga sade gar oljaif
te bie!% Sotainiaas baa ,zqiifvoli tis agtsadsogadati ,aoo Iaatgtro
donnaa yess Jani apes ylihaet at tf fewekiagco etm sfio to qs tiidad Hage
| " ettolieothara aq if udords mt eselg sastrogmt “gs Bho
HH as to anole sce te eigtolde mythos baa .signeyooids mutnoums
i s¢oamivagas.teel ef sheex sleoimedo. yrofoatetiae j3da ows @d? stow ,eblos {sn
1 ee at te coatvagmes tot. atasd eisgrebs ‘Aetirst asefosmed? To som ob
Ill @etoq afad aogu biae 9d cas fadt Jaom eat | “afa0habad Seed? to eubsaviioette
TABLE WO,
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF FIKLD EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED IN WASHINGTON DURING jos
aan aE Sea ee ee ee ieee alae ie os ae ee
| ESSE — | Num
Gallons|Pounds | Gallons| Pounds Number | | ber
of of of of Feet of Feet lof
Solu- | Chem- | Solu- | Chem- of Per |Ribes | Per | of Ribes
tion ical tion ical Ribes | Cent |Bush- | Cent | Ribes | Bush-
Avplied| Applied] Applied] Applied Ribes Stem of es of Stem tee
Method of Per Per Per Species |Treat-| Stem |Treat-|Bushes) Per Per
Plot Number Chemical Cent| Gallon Application Acre Acre Acre Treated |ed Killed| ed |Killed| Acre |Acre
sa ———————— ———— — = ee ee ———SS
=
_SWAUK CREEK, WENATCHEE NATICNAL FOREST _ a ete Ant he
een Neca ain aie ann (am! ee i ieee rah ss |
TA 0-.33 ___Spreay_____ |. __ _ 560. - 37 _37__| 0.0 | 277,060] 1, 480
TA_, 33, 60 do as : O_1132,073) 1,612
IA , 60-,94 _ eS ee —20,0 43,400] _ 776
Ta .94-1.0 85.0 33,248 272)
IIa 0-, 57 do 94, | 2,032 84
IIC (E.66-.90 |
__(W. 71-, 90 do 5 4 ace Drench 51,5] 26 | 19,6 | 325,03411,632
Subsurface
KIIB . 25-.49 do 5 42 Drench : ¢ 7.524] 34,0! 40 | 12,5 | 413,820] 2,200
XIV 0-.40 4 do [2,955] ( 660 | R - 8.01 68 | 20.6 71] 2,244]
XID 00.25 eat a5 5 0501 24-0! 6 el
gi 42 Spray 75.0] a1 3.2 |102,432|1,364
IIB_0-, 20 do 5 az o| 0,0 | 6,600] 220
eS 50.0/. 8 | 12.5 | 10,915] 285)
IIA ,57-,94 Atlacide Q 96,2 5 80,0 1,486 78
xm, vse] 38 |
1 do 0
:
:
do
Q-, 3: onpe omple
Atlacide ea . 84
30) 60 od m hiorate 5 A:
66 oppe omple
[VA 0-33 | :
______ do 0 i | 2,010] 2,395 | 2,010 |R, dnerme
- Subsurface R. inerme
XIIIA 0- do 4 Drench 4,790 Q10| 4,790 | 2,010 |R. pe 9
| Suosurface |
XIIIA , 59-. 75) Copper Compl 5 | 42 Drench 10,650} 4,450,10,65 4,430 |R.
Copper Complex- j i |
VIIAB O -1,0 yeerine Peste Injection |. 3.4) Ri s
Copper Complex- \ | ! |
VIA Q -1.0 lycerine Paste 4 : 6.8 | R. lacustre 80
| }
IVa .54 0 Diesel 0 rface Drench 1,574 74 R h=rme
Spray 547
ace Drench 3 oe 834 5 parme Q
Subsurface ae
ae Drench — 794 944 754 944 |R. inerme 1,595 2 22 18, 2 |150,277) 2,074
odium Chlorate) _§£ es eee _----{- 45690. 4970] 4,690_ 14970_|R, iperme _|_1,426| 24,7] 20 | 5.0 112),79511,7G8
Sodium
Dichromate Spray 509 426
(WBZ. Surface Drench | 1,530} 1.258) 2.039_ 714_ B.tnerme..|_4.778| 94.81 _35.{ 2a2. 270 29
TIC (2, 64-. 66 Spray 843] 2,785 :
_(W, 61-,71|______ do face Drenc Ie} 475|_ 3,628 | 4,530 C) __| 2.9821 28, 8{__?1__| 62,0} 1. 00
Subsurface
| Drench ___|__ 7,895) 3,315) 7,895 | 3,715 |R, inerme |. W.R.] 0,0] NW, RB.J 0,0] 5. R,_
_STEVENS PASS, SNOQUALMIE NATIONAL FOREST _
ee Lae Pes _____|R. bracteosum| N, R.| 75,0] WN. R.| 5,0 | wR P
Co aaa eee i ut
217} 14135 | __47 ctcosuml W, R| 12,01 N. Rt 30} N, RIO
__sa2l 370 1.323 | 74 we! 701 yp! ool malty
"Two-thirds of area in plot treated. Figures given for quantities per unit area calculated on basis of area actually treated.
N.R. No record.
Annual Report 19342
G. R. Van Atta
r
¢) ®
604
is that ajonon tim, tifocyanate’ is less effective than sodium chloréte then”
used ab’ on aqueous” Spray of low concentration applied to the aerial parte" ‘
of the er: Whe retuli® obthined with aumonium thiccyenate applied
as @ subsurface drench were somewhat encouraging, but the experinents
pone i iP rete MD. veut. Ahe two chemicals in this manner dale
smtage atte ‘of ‘the action of ¥everel ch aukeaiie wae tree one of ‘the
ime of the wale ‘Performed in 1951, “The experinent# amet bled ‘be regurded
ws ‘eliminary Steps Yin the investigation of the relztive merits of the —
€
‘to
bo ay
Several wethods of applicstion previously enumerated as well se sttempte:
‘to es ' at tablish 4 dosage ‘limits that vould ye used we’ guides for future’ work,”
Mae, reason that the conclusions drew from the 1931 work must for
‘, a ‘ve ‘Boméwhat ‘Mndefinite end general in nature is to be foinid ©
tet the T arge rumber of Variables tnyolved in the program by réason of the
‘facts reentionéd ‘an the foregoing paragraph, ‘The following example {¢ given
‘p® ett illustratfon of the requirements that aultiple variables impose upon
on experimental hig lp in order to test and compare the action of only
two chemicals vipon K. wien Weed according to three tetucds end in
‘tee dode, ed At would Hecessury to perform ut least’ ‘8 fetr sized” |
“experiments ‘upon’ jae are ae Bite, “ff tte wamber of methods to be tested
is four instead _ of Biron pt keast « experiments would be necessary instead
of oh lhe if bate ty réquirenments are only partterly ‘wet, the results. of. ‘tite
+ eis will 8 “heceedi ty Ve tnconetistre, en ' ee, ees
mt 2 ‘b . Raita Yon! ‘of saasaninty: ‘definite: “ayedaanl ee the
Bias dosege of any widely applicable chemical necessary to the perfect
eredication of g. ‘In growing * ‘on one type 6f site would ve ‘equivalent
“to ‘the “establidhdent of ‘» standard df reference which would very materially
‘gimplify ond a¢sist future’ -edperimentel ‘programe, “Canite the 19s) work “did
‘ot ‘fernish sudl a’standard it st Teast brought out the fact thet for the
eradication of Re inerae: ‘growing Wygod “the perticular’ type of eite concerned
“da these experitedts, the @inion ‘doseage: ‘Of ‘either “antonius thiocyanate or
dodivm'éhlorate 46 greater than 2,500 pounds per Brey ‘Subsequent to the
Aggl field season end before ‘enécking the experiments ‘tn 1982, ant “indirect
‘methéd of ‘caledlabion ‘was @evised by Wnich ‘the winfmun dosage 6f “godt?
‘enlorate réquired for perfect ‘epedi¢etion Of 3. inerte wat ‘caleulated to be
‘approximately 3,500 ‘pounds: per ‘sere upow the ‘basis of Complete coverages
Tt/is Hardly necessary te point ovt thet this figure 12 ‘not ‘meant to"
‘vepresént the quantity of cHemidal that mist be teed per acre in ordinary
iépudfeatiion but rather thet %t f# an estimate of the quantity ‘needed ‘to
‘¢peat en adre of ground complétely covered with B. Iermé, “Ihe Gate “upon”
which: “the calculation ‘wae Dased included ‘%hése telkeen from all whe experiments |
“‘pecorded Oriled tp - to ‘that’ date bl watch sodium chidrsve ‘was see) ‘te Wy Anerdie |
Gitar.y 4% ie ae We ee hs
aes 8 enh
Fis 2 ba) tate: ase ee ae 4: ee
Se treats ed 1% vey |) bs Sie, PAS Pee Ob ee ee «ae
2265 i
t
serv stutolds awiboe oad’ evisostts a2ef af sianaysctds mutoomme tadd al
adtag Isites edi of botigags aokiatsasonoo wol to yatg2e eroeypa ae 2a boas
beliqgus edansysolds auvtnomus déiw boalssdo asiueet edt ,adastq edt to
gineuiteqzes sat Jud ,antaatyooses Jadwemoe stew doneth eosatruadya gs 2s
to tenagm efdd al el{goimeds ows acid dsad of stavpebs mott tsi etew
olisotiaga
edd to ano (lao 2ew algotmeaco L[atoves to molsos sit to soaltsqmod
bebrasgot ed oals Jamm sinsatisgqxs oft leet ai bawtoiteq grow edt to sats
git to adivem eviigler eft Yo mottagiseevat sii at egetea yisatmifetg as
atomeits 3¢ flew as beleraacns ylevoivetg aolfiacti[qge2 to ehodtem Ia1rsv92
etzow stusut tot aeabina aa beeu ed blyoo tadd asint{ egasob datidaies od
“ot jeum arow [éef edd mott awatb anotevlonos on3 Said noaget ect
Borot ad of sf otrtan at Latemeyg basa sitaitebat Jsdwemos ed diaq Jaom eds
add to moasey yd matgorg edd af bevfovat seldatiay to tedmen eatal edd at
wevis #t slamsxe gutwolict eft .fgstastag gatogetot edd af henoltiaem esont
aoay esoqmf aeiisitay sighilus jadd efaemertignes edd to moliatiansili ag eas
yiso to soljos oJ sisqmos Dus ised of tobto al ametgotg I[gt¢momiteqxe ne
ot bug sbodgex setid of anthtosoq beey nedw suwtgnt of moqy alsoimeno owd
beafa vist@ vaael Js artotteg of yreseeosn ed blyow sf ,89gs80b setds
besess od of #bcajen to sedagn sdt tl ,yedte to egyt dose mogy etaoemlisqxe
bseveal yrteseessa sd Sivow ainemiteqxe #& teset ja ,astid to bastant ayot ef
edd to aslvaet edd tem yfistiasg yfluo ere atmemetiupes seedt tl .8f to
wviaslonooal sad yttsaeosen to [Liw alates
ais .cloxrson0o epbelwond eiintteb yldsnoaset to aolstafupoa
dJostusq sili of creassceq [goltmeds s{dsotiogs ylebtw yas to exyse0b muminin
tasleviops ed blyow edits to agysd eno ao gatwortg smtent .f§f to aoltigotbate
“ilsiteism ytov bileow doldw esonetotet to bigbasda a to tasmdsifdetes edd of
bib swrow [gel sod olla stmaryotq Iataomitegxe otustwt tetasg bne yitiqnte
eadé tot dand gost ect duo teguotd Janel ga sf btsbasia a dove defeist Jon
Semtesaoo sila to eqgys taluolixsg ent mogy gatwoty satan! of to aoltiaolbdate
to ¢iaasyootds wrincuma tedits to eaasgo0b auminin ods ,asoomivegxe sacdd at
edd of Jmeupesdye e198 t2eq sbhareg 006,48 aadt veteota et statolido mulbos
Sostibat ag ,Séel at @tnoutreqne ed gatdosdo evoted baa noagsa bloftt Léel
msibos to sxas0h muminatu add doide yd beetveb eaw aoliafwolso to hoddom
ad of betalusics sew gasent of to actisotbats doetreq tot betispet esdatoldo
seBotevod eisiguos to efesd et sogge etog taq ebavog 908,8 ylotamixorqgs
od gagem dom @f ovwgit atdd ¢adt tuo Jateoq of yrsseesen ylbred af si
yzanibte af eros teg bear sd saom jadi (golmedo to yilinaup ont Snenetget
ot bobeed yilinaauy sid to etegties as at 32 sands tediat Jud mottaoltbate
mogs atab edT reat ~ diiw berevoo p[eteIgmoo hayotg to estos ma taets
| &taawitagxe sii Lia moti asdet saodt hebulont beaad sew aoliniuolas odd dotdw
aageat wi od botigga eaw atetotdo mythoe dotdw af eish tedt o3 qu bebrose+
as well as some special information collected during the 1941 field season,
At tae tte the” ‘es tthe sf is only a very rough pale and it now appéars
Ge That, tigre given n may be too low,
poe val hays yt method wat the only type of treatment etiployed thet.
: nitely wneuiteble for stream type or thicket Biber”
Miudte att, Re ‘
seat o mahy reasons why this method camnot bé used te
tage in Shr a but the following one is considered sufficient to
pn 9 the sate " ofa leet far greater time is spent upon each thicket
pe y to accomplish complete Ribes eradication by hand, it
imp sible . to treat all or even nearly all of the individual
eket and thus the primary reason for using cheuicals rather
en 4 F Le ‘plone. is. defented.
om his * Eg surface pha surface Grenches a6 well as combinations of sprays
m3 drencheg, seem to have some merits but require more rigid test, Crom
new te tat ng 18 arg A modification of the ‘surface drench method end is hot
new to
O :
0. this nate Pat Re eR Ae denz Ss
the eondd page asia of the’ 1931 program ao not pein ging beyond these
general toneiusicns ng methods of treatment for the sasie reasons that
vere meitioned in the’ . ecusst n of ‘chemicals, id: ;
megan, & zai goe Howe ge = hs eo ie eS ae es
cee8t Wie few trial# of salen ci wadepanace apps to R. petiolare
yar seem to indicate that this chewicel is inferior to sodium chlorate
at’ an“herbitide upon that species, but final judgment should be withheld
eas?! the reavlte oF nore extensive trials: are available,
mre) ye ay fr he
the figures in table Hoe 1 illustrate the apparent iack of
tionship ‘petween the stew kill and the bush kil] achieved by chemical”
aaa "this Yaet Was often before been remarked, tut seldom have the
periaentel a. 80. well illustrated the point, On plot iA 60.94,
90 eit of . ttem existing at the title of treatment was
Lie Piste @ single bush @ied from the effects of the chemical,
‘: nae e OK was checked in the ‘spring of 1932, if one were te
2 pa Met igh percentage of siem killed, it would have been cary
to cone x fh the treatment hed been feirly succestful, By midsuswer,
Rarerers ie profuse regeneration bad taken piace that hardly any evidence
e. dam , the chemical wes apparent to. casual ‘observation, A
state. of affairs than that mentioned above existed on plot
eT arnde. cent of the stem end “64 3 per cent of the bushes.
J re é of Summer the appearance of the plot had not
en, "ince the spring check, Soil drenching seems to afford
A slightly et rrelation between stem and bush kill then does spraying,
hag
a cer proves and of doubtful significance et the present time,
t is oa 7
re rwnsafe to base conclusions gonceraing effectiveness
met woon figures representing stem kill only.
266.
stoagee ABleti Seel end yalavh, beotgsllos, nol isartoiat fatpsqs_ goose as Ifow as
sigegga won 4{ Dan soligmixotqgs davox yrsy a, chao 2° ejantiag adj wiaed 7A
8.0L, 008 40 Yain pay ts. ought od? gas
tedi bowsiqas simasaotd to 9< gt, yiso ‘as Raw Bose ae, qolfostat edt aR
agdia sesioirig to aged maotsa _ aldad Luss ylaitniteb od of ‘tfeait havorg
of heey ed Jonnso bositen atdd ydw Sactset Yash ots siedt “,nofigs Bars
of taalo fitws haceh nnen a? eso gatwoilos edd dud. atom dove ot egedasvbs
ipagids dose mogy ¢oaga b+ elt tedaotg tat asalal. statog. edd avati agit t
dt basa yd ackisothets ,aedia eselquog dallqugnca od Yrestesen sd bisow, «eds
Laubtyil ext odd to tis <lieen oave x0 [le daetd of oldtesogul viiae nV. at
aotiies elgsinedo .gatey toh cucast vrenitg of3, aud bog deaotcd edd af . ainala
ebed: ae te} al ‘endia nodal baad ‘nade
ayaigs to aielianidmos ag (lew ge aadioneth agatwa bag, ‘gastroadua es
i Sints atom extuget dud etkvax axes avad qi m9a8 ssdoneth bas
uiten daseth ¢aattve odd to noligottibon « ylorem.s! galdogesb
aXtQu Bist of wes
BOG. aon" &
ie ‘4
eG Si 2as
eagns Saoyed gulga é in
oT
mtsq tomo mergers (sel agd to a2 luge ‘eat,
dads “doraeey SOR A VRS toe
Sudeetsi to shodiex ahthta ge ang teufonoa. ‘toroges
etisoteeds to aoleeune ib eof ah, eur aem. ete"
Ce)
apadotieg ..o8 be liggas @ieaayoo tid mut moms AQ. algint wot “acit.
sietoldo myfbor of totretat af tasiueda. aida dasd eigothal. od, i893 Laew
bleddijtw sd bivoda coomghuy, faatt tod s2eiosge dass nog ehtotdted as an
seidad tous ota: aiets? eataneiae eayou to, asiveer odd (iting
te, aise $a91aG5 Tare sian ects Leak; glial ah ‘qotwgit. ‘oat,
isgaliwede “a beveidos ILbd gaud.ecs.. doe ILbiwoss edd gaenied -. qidenoktalen
ci eas} wobies dz¢, Ssidtemes god. e19%90.. aed te agai doa aleZ.. vi aed SOT
«7060.41 4049.80 -cthoe odd bodatianwili Llen..os satuait Lad aewiteg%s
rind tgsuiset).to,omkt.adi ia gatiaize tesa otroml of gMF 10,3 a99 19qg)/H8
siasiasds 943, 30 eioetie ous moti, beth save elgnts = tea dgvediia, beoliti
. od sew eo tt ,Geel to agiage ole af bedeoso agw, Joly. edd.emdtpetaoda
Ysen. seed ovyad: bivow, dé. ,balLiX.ewts. io egal seareq datdpadi.xd, lee sabsi,
atoacsnebia yi .«luteaesevs yitigt mod hed Jaendae dead dads, chylongo,ef
eogeblve gan ylbugs dedt.eosig aoded. bed aol danegeget seuiorg dows, ,tevewon
A siiniisvse2do, laves>.o¢ Japiagqga sav. i griaedg. add. wi oaob, sgamsby: edd, lo
Jolgq so. besetxs syeds. beaciiges Jady ands, siletia te.eied2.taeteti ib: yrev
aodaud ods le inea.. tag $0.boa mete, es ie:daaa tag 0G Otel, « ChyeQ, a. faxX
jom Ban dolg odd to gongxsegqe ond semmge.to albila eds ya. ebolild:ourew
Stetka.os.amgo2 galdometh [hoe -doeds gufiga adi coniz. eldatoerqga.begaeds
eaatyetgs ee0b agcé Lf bi dawd.bagsmads seewied,.cotialonis9.retied yitidglia,a
ld Sagaerg ods ba aganoiliagha fwtédyob to,baa bevergay 2 Jatog. ads dud
enoxevitostts yatareoncs eaoteanfonoo eaad of stazay ylematixe ef sf! ylraeld
sjimo {fff weve antineserget aotegit sogue tnemtsets To
hor Mekh A oebt fe tot always practical to present all of the data nocetaary
- ote the ‘correct evaluation of “experimental re@ulte in concise form, in the
\Yabsendeccf extredely “lengthy reports, it is teliéved that the type of
olgeteral discussion thet “is offered here and which is intended to take into
account the maltitude of factors known to be involved in the problem affords
a better pan tare tot = wren reed ‘the bee then a ie 8 of the numerical
oe fon ty atvacsenr fon the % Dares. ROL AN LS BU ee
@ chlorate Ampdeteonts aviage of the ier danas ae Sho aNibtey?! ‘Brogren Past
vine ea the 1981 field season Wad devoted to « study of ine possibilities
vend importance of soil treataent in pores ruil ies't fon. A brief sulimeary
EN SE ee te ect ces re CERN A RSE ee
MO. per. cent of, eR ae i. t RE Ca! 8
‘the toxigitios bo Rives of severat chemicals were compsred in a
series of experiaents im Which the subetence® to be tested were sdded in
Pmessured quantities to culture solulions in which plents were growing, Under
the conditions of the trials, sodtud ervenite was fount to be bt least 26
times as toxic to Ribes as sodium chlorate and et least 15 times as toxic
es ammonium thidcyenate. When the same chemicsla were applied ‘a® soil
treatments to’ potted Ribes plant’! somewhat different resvlis were obtained,
At least two times as umch sodium chlorate es sodium arsenite was needed te
kill the phents, «ammonium thiocyenate was somewhat less effective then
sodium chlorate, Berberis yolgaris plente were killed with the application
of only about three-quarters of the quantities of sodium chlorate’ ‘gna
ammon ium a. necessary to — the same effect upon Ribes,
The ie ttevenene in the results. o the two types of exparinante do
not impeath the eceuracy éf either set™or findings, but inttesd furnish o
Seong meas PS oof the extent to wiich’ tne” ‘chemicals concerned are eltered
by (codtact with the soil; The résult® of: the’ culture golntion tests should
conshaps ‘best be régerdéed af representing ‘the relative Poxicities of the
\chémied]#°WAllé ‘thosé of "thé soil experiments ore to be more properly ©
weonsidered as expressing the relative effectiveness of the same chemicals
under conditions soamaradle to pnone found op! hyaatelae o
. KG: a |
icides By vsing ane wonsrié @ eae wéete ‘and “by swbcltilg “the | existence
sor andetgd probable but ‘as yet wmptevert relationships, rough ‘calculations *
‘were msde which indicated ‘that it would: ‘pe hecessary to use bout 5,000 ~~
‘pounds of dedium ahlorste per ‘acre | te eee ‘the’ ee of Rives:
By wnifdrm coll treatment, ©
In snottier series of éxpertuents a ‘study ‘was made ‘of the rate
‘GP Witch "certain Chemitsl¢ were either destroyed or reso ved from the .
‘Solution 4An-contact with the scfl, Samples of forest soil gathered in
2267
vigasesen gis edi to Ike teseetg of [notioatg syania jo at be /
sdj al artot eatonos at ailveer Indmeaizveqxe to goiteuleve sperr09 edt of
to ecyd saa dais bovelled ef ¢t (atvoqet vad geet ylemordze to apne ade
od gt exist of bebaetiat ef doldw bac eved beteTio af Jest moleaygath Leredea
ahtotia meldore ey at hevloyal ac of avoed azedgest to ebatia lum edi juyooges
lagitangn eas 16 oode o Bead azQM., oii ze. ‘guiaiea eat te. etoiolg etied. a
, bint lh 's | wees ae eaols eiab
eff}
tach aijors rotnrod of bis wbbdiladeny oad Te’ windd Sen biaiar ‘ak ah :
aelvilidkeso, off to yAuts a of botoved agw mosses blolt [sel Moh aariad
ytewmve telud A .Solisotbats Ieotmedo af Sasmiaesd {toa Yo sonastoqat Bre
pit esvoilot wow edd to d1aq eldé to
3 ai Sevsqnes sye* efaataedo Igt9evos to eadta od. egitinined ‘sat
at Sebke ovew botzed ad of esomadadue edd dofde alt bleed § to ‘agttoa
teh caateoty evew evaciq dofdw at agoticlos araiive oF solstinesn ‘heteesen
G& ¢usel ga ad.o¢ Samat egw aiineats mutboe ,alaltd edt 20 sanksibaco ods
22 uGd 4a souls al dagel dg bus siarolda muiboe es zed ti of gkxod an wemks
Cisse ae betiggs otew alan imei. euge ozs melt sigasyootad mrtagams.. 83
euteasdo eree sélgwet JmetstilS tadwomed tingly agdis hetiog of 2) meatdaots
of beboed age aiime2is aulige a, eJarolda autbce dome.ae temit ows Jess fA
Mads avtioskis sacl jiedwamoe 390 etgaayaokds gerk acum ; satoalg odd fits
notigailqgs adi ajie bolita eaten aieclo atigaioy . sigediag . starelde. outboa
bag siatoldo weiboa ie aeltiiaeys add io e1edtaupresqad dsods yiaa To
e2edi tog dette omae ait cer tqreers ot ytaszeoet etensyoolds aert romans,
of at aentreqse ta eaqud ows. odd to ailseer edi at seomorett ih oft
@ dakatut, basiast vcd ,agaibatt to dee tadits tO. Yaatuoa ade ‘doggqmt tou
hewsile ete bagtesme» aleotmads ass dotaw of Jootze add. 20 etyaaem Ager
Bluosde ead soliuloe oxydf [ag ad? to efiveer edt eitoe and ‘Hdte 4o8%309° Pcl
ond to. selgtokcos evidales egy Bhd se serqet, es" Ba lrityet ed daed #8 qedrag
Gitagotg evom od od ate aineutsagxe Iie eat to sacdd alt dw stattaeas
slaoimeso smg3 gdj to tuenetiiostie ovitefot eat gulavatqxe 8g ‘bersbtamos
tattosia ak bearot seods OF eldanaqmos sea tP0Fe, <sbay
eonelatee eat ‘gxfuess yd ham aluel eandy to adtiad4 eft antan 4 sseeeepe
scofsalwalas agrvor »Scidanoltislor: gevotgar ‘doy. ea dud Ur algae tyre 6
000,c ijgcdm gay of ctassesea od Blyow tt “Sass ‘Bojao that aot
aod a to koljowittob Gf Aatiqnoar¢ oF Sto. 18q Sigrolio curt bse “Yo. vp ee
Hide pa Pao fee ts | shay
‘ gta% off to Shaw tow ybute Fs eaiegia 2 @ ‘welnga tedione ‘a
eis mott betoues 16 Beyortesh redite stew alsotmerds: raja! se
ai betedda; Itoe Jaetok to selgmag . oltoe ad tte, Jogia0 m piss
nerthern .idahe. were used: in the tests which were continued over a period of
about five months,: Bach chemical was tested in samples, the moisture of
thestontents of ‘which waeemainiained . ‘respectively at 15, 30, and 4 per cent
of the weight of she wet agit,
re othe Stebilities: of vas bapaniaet end. chlorate: ions. were found to.
vty runt y-wen tne node tore contents. of. tue soils, che tuiocyenate ion
dis about twice as rapidly ss the ehlerste ion from the samples
at’ 15° to $0° per Cent aoisture, bub took sbout ten times as long as the
rete ton ‘to disappear from the’ snuiplew containing 40. per cent of. water,
The’ 2o rete” fon @teeppeared about nine times es Tepidly frou. the seuples
kept bt 40° ber cent moisture as from those kept at 15 or 80 per cent, ithe
rate at which the anicerenass. ion disappeared from the soil solutions was
about, two and three-quarters’ t imes e& ‘repi@ inothe semples containing 15 end
98% eent.of water ‘oY in those kept et 40° Ber cent ae | ’
be ‘congbdted £5, +
Pert of “the reealye ‘of ‘Subitd ‘fiers apatite th ‘end. ‘the auth taken
from the _Salbure, solution tests have. been utilized in celculating the dosage
figures for amuonium thiocysnate and sddium chlorate given belost
Fy es n re ‘ me
Be TIBeActes sutic
Te fe hapaly necessary to point out) tapi: all. figures derived as.
‘these were, from calculations involving meny uncontrollable and as yet
incompletely studied variables, are susceptible to considerable inaccuracy,
: eration. ‘of the known ‘Sovreds of probable error Leads to the belief
‘that the estimated “dosazes are vomewhat emeller than will be required in ~
yy ie)
a a PASS Tg
¥ cy re | 4S Fy
any: wS¥E GDe6 And Taded <t bets ef bbe effectiveness aa’; _ il
ns ld me seréral “Chemical® which ‘previcusly were wmtried for this om
Poses forte: ryt stabilize thfiseyanate and chlorate in coniact with ggil
possi wmsuccessfule. “Peavy ‘metal fons ‘were ‘found to -be very -repidly removed,
from solution in contact #ith sofl and for tais Feasen cannot be considered
a® good,.soil poisons for the broadcast types of sup) seation.
can) Ue radi y we
Whe ‘movement’ oF" chemicals” a bevedt ih the peay of the plant was
studied in the laboratory with the aid of materials gathered during the 1931
field season, Space dces not permit a review of the findings of this investie|f
to Sebteq # tove Benalisnos arex dofdw eceet edd. ol boas erew ofebl ateddton
to etyfalon gilt ,sefomee of. beseed enw igotmeds dash... &ddsomevtt duoda
¢aso geq GS Sas, 0b. .¢L Ja yvlevidceqset beoalsiaiagncase pinkie: to vi acdaon acd
adie te lice jew edd to. doylow: edd: to
of Sagot stew agot elatoldo baa sdansyootds Fo velit tiga. edb.) io6 4
Hol eieaaysoias eft ,alkloa sat to adnetaos erueelom ed? déiw eliserg: grav
aeiquiss oi¢ matt sok siatolde efi as yibigat aa solwd dyoda berseqqsath
eas 48 gaol aa agaky aes duods. dood. tud.,.etgtalon dapo tog 08 of Bf 48 saeal
atedew Io doo seg OP Galniadnco selquae odd wovt tasaqacth of mol statoldo
signet ois mori ylbiqnt as seuti enta tveds. betaeqassth nok eiaxolie eAT
edi «feo t2g OS 40.61 ts sged eepdd wort. 2a. erosetom taeo tsq QO 38 geod
aaW agolcgioe [koe 9:4. mott betsaqqeatS got etansyooldd edd dotdwts oder
Soa Gi gutaissaos eelquez edd at bigat as SouLe. @t9dtevp-geTds) bag owed! Juoda
setstalom ¢a99 teq OP Ja Sqec eanold of as teiaw to geo taq OF
toast @2ab od bas aj cpu iseqes allos atens to siiuees edd toidteh esto
saesob oid galigivalso gt bosilldc aged avec ajnge sottudea omvehie:sd¢emort
; aE Bes ea ES 2 eer. “iv Yo shas "
Japmigers Atos to same vd segth 2o motdowet aed»):
Sisgaspold! agtanmes etasoli) mrtbeg.. . Lhoes
OOO 8 * 5, 00B gS
00g,2 ao Rene att See
608.5 ODS ,&
ea Bevigeh setust? Ife tas) deo tatog od. ginsaecen ylbued Mt dhe! fon
$2y%, 48 bea oidellorjsooa: youn gatyloval aaolialuolso HOT ,ot9H ened
eyartooant eliatabianos 03. aldtigaoasa ee ,eligivay belhuste. pLededqmonnt
teiled and of abas! sores aldadotqg to. saeuroe meoad eld ko soltarehiaaod
ai hetincer ad {ite fast wslione Jaswomoe svg segagroh Bbetamtsag’ end. dastt
: seis . kay te . Se peohigatd
@a aaenevilovtte edd to sjies? bebafont oale “aoe eeyodnests aft
aig’ tot beisimm exew ylevotverg dotdw alpotmnds Ioreves Bo sebfs tdred
fiow défw, ¢dpainos at eigroluo. hon sipasyootds aslifidavs of ad sett. .eeoquye
heveast (ibiges gia¥ ad od. bowot stew. anot Indom 4voek .,ivteaesouear.etow
hovebleaces ed. janugs. nosge% #iat tot bea Lice délw gontags. at aoleg!loa.mert
stoliaoklyas to eegyd Janobeotd ais tot enpateg Ilex begg ec
&ay igaig. and to ybod ene alt hadse{al afeoiseds to. taewevoe eat
féel ecg gauttwh sexedisn sletvesan to Dis old gite ytossstodal adj mk. beibese
i|[|\l| ~#4sevag ated Yo vsabbatt oft. %6 wetvex 9 iigseg Jou se0b goags .sorqee, biel?
ta dhs vo anita, “Tt Wi1t “surrice $0: Stbte tukt! trahelegetion ty extremely
ite ler pad thie this behant an cin hardly Be” expected to, turn: sh the
basis for a wetnoa” or , foal Grew Fe
Mee ty Senay and theerthinty experienced 1h ‘dbtéinihg satiéractory sil!
FIle hlanty ror greenhouse culture Lhd eiperinmentition his mae it destroble fj
te devel pl Gupe thule Had Convenient methods tot propagating Rites plants
Fron tetde: ‘Work toh thiG" subject Wa Stertéd after the close of the’ 1931
Hidde on aha btill”cont’ hie s, Results obtained to dete indicate thet
the’ desired’ methods" will goon be roPthcoming and thet consequently the _
problem of stecktng’ the creénhonse ana Ribes gerden will be solved
aati sfactori ly. eee ae eee ee “ot
Attéer the: season: was vader Pay Bb RS & WFR TR 8
beste O° Sme' Poregoing’ brief cketth=oF tHe Lobore toty “End preethoase pragre
Porsthe year takes “no'ménti ono? 2 nitber’ of studied bade’ Bare “tnt deutel bo
phacnli ees ebge chs of” pt it go oh We, ‘separate laboratory reports should
eo \consultéed' for any detalle here omitted! “98 oo tes :
solution to freshly aus surfaces of §. viz s DAY
be Se @ 7 P 2 m be de 7 i a
ae Ae9%. cipiee & a vi eh es io) RASS PS EGR
ibe’s eradication,
=
HeLa ies we sey i
big
$8 BS a 1) ATS Gp
$nsd
Te ay
7. ge
Beemer vrata pant Aik Aiea POT
Y inve : ‘ ae
_ Gemended ‘that lerrorta°ve made to cont re stigétive “activities rather
sharply “to°th dse problems, % Solutions for whi ch would “be “most “argently Yieeded |
fA° the Unwed Ste ature, “It eae decided, therefore, to devote nearly all
_of the field program to a concentrated effort aimed st the completion of
certain phases of the work begun during 1931 in the Wenatchee National
Forest, Wappily the investigative work hed reached a etage at which a
narrowed scope of activities was virtually demanded from the technical as
well ag the practical point of view,
The principal problems thet were selected for study in the field
were; .
1, The comperigon and evaluation of sodium chlorate and ammonium thide
\ cyanate es herbicides upon EB. inerne,
. 8. The determination of the reletive effectiveness of three methods for
_@pplying the two chemicals mentioned above to R. inerme. The three methods to
be tested were: (a). application of chemical as an aqueous spray to zerial
plant parts; (b) applicetion of chemicel in solution beneath the surface of
the. ground to the soil about the roots of the plants; and (c) application of
_ Chemical by a combination of the two foregoing methods,
3. The establishment of the minimum dosage of either sodium chlorate or
ammonium thiocyanate necessary to eccomplish the eradicetion of KR, inerme,
269
qlemerézs gt mol) doolaneiy tant atite of sdhitwe [fiw sD stab oF notag
ont dg tauft os Setoegxs aif _F Start dao oe ttterise © tit dai? ‘hats tategerc ht.
Pers aoe | gitidae Tiare wedk® to boriten a ro? etead
Pt oe ; i ae Ramee ee ee ee a
ytotostw ites gaintsédo af beoneiregxs yWnistssoam Bas q@inottiib eff
elderises 2: when aad coftdaumbreqte bac etstive ecvnduesty aetoetastg Biott
. otadlg cadt¥ ga f¥egsqerq Tot wbodson saettovese Sas sldabaeqeb qolevss os
(NOL off te seul (Sha 43d ts Hosrtate saw vost cee idt cogs #108. \abeee work
tad¥ stagthrl staf 6? hewtatdc etivesl .-weucisneg ti tte bas aoesse bial?
"oo Sed ylteoupaeaog tadd haa go inégddtot od soe2 SLkw 2bodien, bet lead odd
pewlog ad Life mabrag ead ubas eeuodceera ads gabloote to moldotg
cee ro Subs 2808? GUM an anetaon thes aeRO IA
neegot segodneatg baa yx! eredal edt.t0 dodge Aging gatogsxct oat perk
of ia¢ueblon! ever tad? eatbode. to redeya.s To seitasm on 3adan “‘e8ey odd TOY
aivode gdvoge: yrotstedal stersgee sat wwottagizeevai te adootdue totam oft
i at nas _pmbattine ored ef tasob ya sot beiiveaoo od
ncemoy Sek add te drate eft sa gall tay soolive Lefonaat? ont
yedior potitvitss by lite ieerrh srt thos oF shan od aitotie tad? bebsansh
hebeen qidasara fteom od BIvew ‘tio triw sot -enotdulos jeaeldore ewecd of yotere
ifs. wamas stove of ,mroteteds behioeh as 31 ,@urdet oteltbemmt edt af
Yo soffelamds Sit te bemts ero%te bolarsavdnes 2 Cd igrgota HLelt. ed? to
{sueiial esdotene® edd mt [FCI gatish avged stew ad? Yo eaeaig nisires
3 dette ga sgade 8 horoaet ‘pad arew ovivagiteeral edi? vlogs feet
ua fag tito? edt mort Sebasmeb -yllaviiiv saw eo tt ivitsa 1 eqooe barori sc
wotv to tatog Igotioarg edt es Ilew
Afott etd af veute 10% berasion exse
dad? emeidorg laqiaaitg edt
uottd mrthoms beast aveiso methee Je so itagiays, bs seq itegncd. ent of
: : < sepa. .B, soqs eehiotdsed 2
. 8 Staneyp
sot abodes serdd to en enevisostte evigsie,x ed? to cottenterroted Dc a iad
ot ebb be Gendt abt oVpemeat 2 ot avode heaottacm aisobmetg owt edt aaiviqas
{aptaa of ystge kwesupa ae es, Laodasdo: Xo cetéeoilgas (3) s@r9x beige ad
%) ena edt déeoned aottutes at Lap tmeso 30. aotiastiqaa (d) jatrsy taslg
td Ho ffeotiyea’(o) baw gadnalg oft, to, af00% asi Jucds Tice eis 09 brtotg eas
ae | Up nelpantdnps Xe Taokasito
janbortt a gt iogeret, owt odd
10 stately mother todtte te ogaeeb sosore ber fm edd ‘te Frome ti dates oct ae
sentend. A wo thso there add da tfguoaag of yrassenen efanayoo td? mw brome
L 4 ( ; f ess z “ , . # yi ade ie vid og gi tied ex Be ft ” i Rents} at on
Fe
Aiak Ay
4, An inquiry designed to diseover :the main causes underlying the
observed fact. that Rilbes, plents,of,.the. sema.epe cles growing upon different
sites sometines re respond quite ase renvas ly to identicel treatments,
i th In haat tion to the aiegor objeatiye’s set’ forth above, the plan
| bie the field program provided: that can: inorganic areenic compound bette sted
| tot 1 large dosage ag @ subsurfacé: Sbil drendh fh°brdér bo SEtebILsh if”
osdtble an ultimite sstendard of ‘conperi som forties type ‘of “substance, © It
ee Dd Gast es ea —— of chemicals which was i.
#8 herbichderumicy the eeigeae yk Chefon" Af a 208
ent supply" ‘of ohne “mater 7
0.50 | sie 60)
ae avi maaan ie ire the sea dom, -
4 After the: seawon ‘aca bon: wae al Len s “acchaed to. ‘Mnclude | leeverdict
© teste gf emthod of Sapiysms ghaintcats ia an EGueoug, solution #2 a drench’
r the foligze andthe Aof- the soil, Several neg ex, rs Hime ey. ese,
0 0 Widertaken- tn thé Clearvcter: regton ta. de 3 é ¢ penbextde: 7
- aq grants ottf)end SRF REONT sbeithlor oe
uti on to rows surfaces of i
38 u roxide (4) ay ee ee Oe 5
Balckans Bh oFon Ta
| do i
a, i oo acetal neste Sprey
a do j Subsurface Drench
{ ek
‘CE See ee toe eee) eeeeneereeee ones Clan meme
j do Subsurface Dreach 0.50 | :
se ae Spray Bare) SS
‘a _. Spray. |
LCRA |. a eters
= See RO: es
29 | Jn (> eee a
EYE (AG) Ae a” > Ra Sasraanige pecan Spray. pee feerra ee Ee :
eG 2 ae a CS a Ye _t 212.50 | 991187, 501 6
oe ae Se Te 1 “2,50 | 75, 001 187,
| 32 | do | Foliage and Surface | 0.6 | 243.00) 121. 50
poo at EES ee TIE Oa fre POTS CREB 5s _ - 2+ --— 5 H
f {-~--— RE =—T ar 1 "Tse Os a4 -
PR hd eS. [- 4a ie _375, 00] 187, 60)_.0275 |_10,000 | as
(1) A commercial grade of this chemical sold under the trade neme’ "Weedex" containing aporoxiuatel:
thiocyanate.
(2) Half the total quantity of spray was applied and allowed to dry on the foliage before the remaining hele up
=)
(3) & commercial product containing approximately 10 per cent of calchum hypochlorite, CalOCl) o.
(4) Sod4um hydroxide was aided to Caleftum-Chloron solution to partially stabilize the hypochlor# i
destruction of the setul equipment used in mixing and apolying the solution.
(6) The quantity of #23 on applied was equivalent to one gellon per square foot of
Annual Report 1932
G, R. Van Atta
270
iyliphay gsecso stan ed? ~syoor fh of bers 29h o fiurpak a4 at
cot galvors, ealoeqe enae. odd to etaalg eadi® jadi dost Serie2 do
and Ie Shimek} of vlaaerattib agios Pe a7, acoit amar Bad 52
isetde sxotam.edd of agtstoha af
ni ae "des ii hebiverg matgova bisit od? met
“toners { tow. agatis vadie 6.6% .03%80b satel mt
nz ; ate ed BE & as sldigaoc
exuinim Jafoy mms & yer o¢ banaal 9, 48 ear
*? “gordi dd ointad® omen shat? edt 1ebss ebfoidiad og eg Sar stio
acfeuh efdaliavs eban od Siupo_ [atrosenm ane I ut qotre Jdneto itive
eaw nopsee ant 199A
aed amt Piirotess to. bodies « to etaed
nos tim i bos, sasilos ed’ meager
Bl af po by ary + ane wiseld add mi swledisbas opie
a8 esdesg e& Saligas eraw eh iio did £5 deercapeaiie Deki (bing obneete ae)
o teal: ‘peivoonty # tO ssostrve tuo yideortld of no ttulon
atadm it aqrs
iiveiacog sinser
Lea
ods %e@ wotscedxa edd cid ih
i @% iia, aviiostdocolan diinuel eas of
fedod gee! S37 KL Baw a sare. BO bsaoel, 2938 Cee edi. o} dosoat da etolg sequ
anigeat, ah dgorot Lanotiet
a
iat 2 acavis Oe, 49 29a e gus
a
Tatousizvecta edt ‘to ea@ivyeanin, Laoiraen wot
whe
oP DLS. Se Gh RD
TABLE NO, 2
FISLD EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTZD IN WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST, WASHINGTON, DURING 1932
weds | Total
of Chem- Pounds Gallons Gallons Total
ical Per| Gallons of Area of of Pounds of| Date
| Gallon Chem- |Treated|Solution|Chemical|]Solution | Chemical of
of ical in Used Used Used jAppits
Chemical Used | Method of Application jpemueton Used | Acres |Per Acre|Per Acre|Per Acre | Per Acre| cation
i 33,80! 34. £
dg 2)[ 1.75 70, 50| 123. 40
d 2)| 2,50 | 75.001187, 50
Foliage and Surface 0.50 375. 00] 187. 50
Drench
: do 0.0l+ 375,00] 5,00
Galette Chi cron (3) do 1.00 187. 50} 187. 50
m hydroxide (4)| = a2 0,024 | 187,50, 5 oo
prsen < q Q, 50 1 <1 rj 6 geste
pe ee 0187 eee See
2 aaa 0, £0 451 ae ee eee
| 1 |Sodjum chlorete _| 0, 50 169,00! 84,60! .0 | 5,000 | 2,500] 5,000] 2,500 |6&23 _|
-—4+__—#2 —___- 0,60 | 221,00/115, 30) .0320 | 7,000/ 3,500| 7,000 | 3,500 |6-22 |
a _— ae 0,50 | 356.0) seo 8 0358 10,000 8,000 10,000; __£,900 }=2,22
| 26 | do 5)| 0, 32+ [1,220.00] 395.00] .0282 | 43,560 | 14,000 | 43,560 | 14,000 | 7-9,12 |
aaa Subsurface Drench 9. 50 93. 30| 46.60 3,000 | 1,500
do ore 1,43 Pale oR 10 = m0 000 6
6 do pray 1,43 __ 23.60) 33, 80 0338 6) 1. 000 5,700 6
do Subsurface Drench 0. & 232. 60] 116. 80 7,000 3,500
Foxes ES ee: |. Eee ee (PSM EN) 0) of: Smee 2,14 | 29,20} 50,00) .0334 | ___ 664 | 1,500 | __ 7,664 | 5,000
ol a ae a sbeas Easel aon __1,000 |" 2,500 |-"_1,000 | 2,500
| 28 | so bee do ___ 87, 50|_ 93,75) 20375. 000 | _ 2.500 1,000 |~_ 2,500
g ad eo 2 eidou tao 2) __75,001121,25, 0375 2,000 0 2,000_ 3,500_
8 ge IG Obs ed tee Sprey _______ ds _ 45, 25/120, 20301_|__1,500 | 4,000 | _ 1,500 4,000
9. i: |. anes 2 do ) __75, 001187, 50 eae eee 5,000 |___ 2,000 _ 53000
27. do aan a: (- on ___75, 001187, 50 37 2,000_ 6,000 |. _- 2,000. 5,000
32 do Foliage and Surface 243.00)121.50| .0253 | 10,000 5,000 | 10,000 5,000
ek | SRR ee es ar earns Fe eeenE ou
SAE ek 0 oe tO is ~375, 001167, £0 50} 0376 |10,000_ 5,000 10,000 | _ 5,000 | 8-11
(1) A commercial grade of this chemical sold under the trade name "Weedex" containing approximately 80 per cent of ammonium
thiocyanate.
(2) Half the total quantity of spray wes applied and allowed to dry on the foliage before the remaining half was applied.
(3) A commercial product containing approximately 10 per cent of calcium hypochlorite, CaOCl)>o.
(4) Sodium hydroxide was added to Caleium-Chloron solution to partially stabilize the hypochlorite and thus avoid rapid
destruction of the metal equipment used in mixing and applying the solution.
(€) The quantity of solution applied was equivalent to one gallon per square foot of ground surface treated.
Annual Report 1922
G. R. Van Atta
ge eee _ eck es a ‘
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t a 44 dA @
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1 aI ; im vr F
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St g
ys ‘
why »
el Medd om Foe I ay for ‘Schon pe recorded as (1) Gold, less
than 55° F., (2) Cool, 55 to 64%F, , pea. 66 to 74° Ye. ep Warm, 75 to
cs” cums (5) Hot, 85° 7. Jor'more,” dcmisel
ao y if
bet The term Cheng anti cites the total. lesb. + aeariy! total absence of clouds
for the major portion of the day, and the term Gloudy indi ce tes: the revere,
The terms Rein and seoo ko Ss Seth that sy or heavy rain fell at some
time during the tayo ae ? be fant he . es
; ts : 5 ‘ | 2 mais
i ; ey te
BHD
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aS 4 Eee emer ©: 3-7
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+ ae ee op
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‘
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eh MOLD so SIEM
yeaa _anal |
bzol9 .l000 | a
i ees eee “gonesd aS | —wbsolo_ a‘ a7
peso vey prea |
Sit fogetS
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rood (S 3) K 88S seats
8 ,foH (&) bas ..% 8 ue
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b edt at! hawt omkt
jadt etao thal gies
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ovat | mit
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al tabce) |
"S mode sed ean tb w AML
ay gitiw soigoaut mort
qeterath “s\S bas
ine BOONES
+4 to eat.
sry tec imental: ON OTOP ATA es eens metas <~ rata
r
wea
-9d bao to s3bhs tee!
bas e1stirsavphsel neers
ditrotesac basls! gfe)
wohask to dtrex of im
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Ped PEO NS RTT OT NET ee RRP TG TERT a I
) The experience, gained in the previous season demonstrated that
many “important technical advantages could be gained by applying experimental
‘chemicals uniformly to the srea within each plot, Accordingly, that
procedure mae adgnted, for She. naneaaventios of mht slags treatments undertaken
in, siellabiba aces sat, x aa: WIE Bk
vent ” voy The auiitge of. abe. 1931. field experiments together with the
sthedi tos obtained.ina, the. conduct of the winter program in the laborstory
and, greenhouse indiceted quite clearly that it would be necessary to apply
chemicale in quantities upwards of 2,500 pounds per acre in order to
eradicate-§. inerme. This,opinion wos confirmed by a study which was made.
ofthe. records of.ell. aprevious, field experiments performed upon §. inerme
end BR. lecustre. It wes feared’ thet treatments such as were planned would,
when: epplied..over a fairly:extensive area, constitute a hazard to roving
‘live: stock and that the danger’ from fire would be excessive unless steps —.
‘were taken'to minimize this risk; moreover, destruction of treated plants by
-enimals and man sometimes sertously.detracts from the value of field
experiments; It wes decided, therefore, to build = stout four strand
barbed wire fence around the whole experimental area and to cut fire ‘aie
‘around all thé plots that were to receive sodium chlorate sprays, This wes
(@one before any of ‘the treatments were began, A wery strong end tight seven
‘strand fence enclosing 4 ‘emill area that wag to be used for the arsenic
“experinent s:was'also erected within the cuter fence, Conspicuous warning
*sigus were placed at frequent intervals sround the arsenic plots, Im all,
ore than 2,000 feet of fence was buiit,
“The plots were all laid out to the size of two rods by three. rods,
These dimensions. were selected as standards to facilitate certain features
of the work and to. ingure. provi sion for adequate test of euch treatment
‘contemplated,
‘Te. ‘fecilitete handling ‘large volumes of solution, a portable
engin engine, Ariven pump wes employed in making the treatments, The
t seteup used was very similar to that which has been developed for
‘Tere scale power spraying,
Great care was taken to apply each. treatment weds to the whole
area. eoncerned in order.thet the cause for any variation that might leter
appear in the results. of eny dei ous’ aes would not lie in aia
of SARA ental, procedure...
eygae
‘ “AS ter. the aipte. hea peen laid out and before the treatmente were.
wae am accurate mep of the plots was drawn showine the brush cover and
other. features pertinent to the work, In those instances in which flowing
water, wes found to be Within the bounderies of a plot, the area covered by.
ter. was determined and deducted from the totel area of the plot. ‘The
‘treatments thet were subsequently made were epplied only to the portions of
ace)
ao}
aes
tad? botsrsemomeb sozace agotvetg adit af beeley some it oqKe ait
[adcomiregxe aaiylgas YW bentag ed bluoo gogatsevbs.factndos? dastregai yam
gadd .yfgakbicook “olq. dose aidii-v geta ed? of ylarotion elas insti
amistrehas sdicentaers jeLq [fa te aolvsotiqga edt 20% besqohs aw sigheopig
| a et - SOL nt
edd détw tedisgot .etmemitoqne biett (eel ges to aiivees off. ee
grojerodsl ent at meraovg tesatw odd to toubeds ett mi bemtatde sactba lt
yiqq» ot yteeasoen a6 bioow Fi Jad? yliaels of ere bedao tha? eavodnsers ‘brs
ot tehid at sina req shayog 000.8 to ebiawau sel? itnaup nt fs tmedo
sham saw dotdw yherte « yd pemrbiacs ecw oe iniee, efit .peyapt ij odao there
eoxegi' fi xeqs berrotreq edmenirsaxs eialt euoiverq, ifs a abrooe: sz? ‘to
wbisow bernalq stée 2% fovea a smsadtast s tary forest paw ti: -sendemest & bas
gsiver of biased 9 sted kdenon ,geta Sv iames xs via ie? a revo betiqqs sénw
eqode easlay oviewsoxs od bivow orlt mort sognsh ef? fadd, bes goose evil
ud adaalq hedeots to mo iouniesd evoatom vada tr evict ox imitate oF roiet arrow
Bflokt 10 eulav oft most gtoarteb ylerc hise eemitemde nam bas elamins .
bearte tect twate s Blind ct. .aroteresd ybohigek aev $10 2emecttroqxe
slier? ortt dye of bas aera [sinoniveqxe elostw ‘eit beers sone? er iv badrads
sev eit? eystce etaroida mythos av fooet of avow dad? atple af? {ia Bryeta,
neavee Jdgid baa gnonte vror A frged ore" siuemsaerd edi to yis erotad eaok-
gingers sit 16% beey of cf 2ow Jags ears iLeme a gateclone anneal biaarde
yilrray evougigege? soaet redio eft aidgiw boigere oels sew edrominegxs
iis al .etofe olroete odd tavore sfavietab dxsgpet? 24 booslq orew aagie -
a bo te SL wd ean eos tte. test 000.8 madd grom
ehor serct qd ghos od “te as te add ot two bial Ife etew atolg sit ,
sowtast aiaineo stad iitest of gbisbasia 28 beiosleg si1s¥ Zuo Mane td ae oat
tnomtsets dove to teed edaupobs 29% oo by tvorgy eriignt oF Sra hiptelis OB
i rs eee 3 ies besslqmaiaos
By
eldatroy a .soltvlos to sommlayv ‘egral sat baail ptat ti tos? of <
sd? .edmemtasrs acd ap bien at beyolque e&w qnig fevinh ankgao an tlozag
202 peuoleveh seed sad doinw tadif oF tal bate qrev paw bers quatoe Jnemgqiape
= @gabyesae 18R0G alsoe agiat
afodw oft of ynove tnemtsest dead eUgqias od aenlad 289 9185 taord
satal #igim ted aottatiey yas tot Seago ocd .tastt Tebro af barresm09 Bots
setiivalugerrt of sti ton bloow teed galwatdrag ye to etiueer edd af tapaGs
eee ombooorg Latnombraqxe to
erow etoamiagnd adé s1oted Bas do b isl ased bas etolg oft rodTtA 2
bxa yeveo fesxd edd aciworg awarh ear edolg add to gen eigivooR oe mirgod
axiwolt doidw at essosvent saddt al ofsow edd od Shanitreg gorrdast Tedie
yd Beteves saqs add ,tolg s Te gebrabaued of? aidtiw ed of bao? sw Teta
of? tol sdf to sets Latod edt mort betouboh-tas hea lmreteb aaw ratew end.
So anoittog edt ot ylao bétiqas ets" bam qltqeup eo: dae e19% fait ataontaers
Y,
the’ slots. that. were not Sort ce the @osage having peen “Computed upon thet |
beet e ate Ses ot '
meek S16 | was aivtited into narrow Gitnd with rstittily 4s, Cross
Hits gee @lgo leid witch divided the length of the lanes into quarters,
During the course of each application, the man in charge of the mixing
station kept’ @ close’ sccount of the rete at which the solution was being i]
delivered and the progress of the treatment on the plot. In thie wey i)
pe ey were ‘80 be ory igen Nene Mniterie apy cation of i ‘ek cel was achieved, MW
: Yor penises the: qo werraie drenches, the ‘spray nogele was Teplaced
ote cow ‘ei ‘of the extension pipe’ with a small pointed hollow cap having two
holes ‘about ‘oneesixteenth of an inch in diameter drilled throu, h the wall
oppesite ‘one another about three-ef, this of an inch from the ¢ p. ‘The
diameter of the cap wes only slightly “Targer then the regular extension pipe.
TO operate the implement, ‘the point wes thrust Just under the surface of the
ground; ‘the control valve wes opened, nnd pressnre was applied to drive the kn
extension pipe into the ground about 20° inches, wheréupon, the valve wak closed li!!!
and’ the’ tool was with@rawn from the hole, The interval of time during which iff
the valve remained open and the pipe was beitig pushed into the ground was ~
Seka hae by” the yolude’ of solution intended for each hole and the rate or
flow, “The rate’ of solution delivery unter operating ¢ond ditions was’
determined’ and the time required to spply each dose was ‘computed before the
experiments were started. The applications were made in holes that were
uniformly speced nine inches spart, over the. =H, of each a BER’ treated by
> >
Pa
tee, Pela e rani surface goil, drenches. were “applied. by. meens ‘of 4 # tine | |
sisiest fans “ebien. repleced. the. extension rod at. the end. of. the hose, ...
aie . Bower. applice tion. as has. been ‘stated was ‘adopted at the first of
the season. rimerily. for the seving of time end labor... Experience. speedily
te seen however, that it offered. even more important edventage sg. by, ;
reeson of its. Hiei ih end the. aranyedy “of. treatment. sempre that it. ...<,
permitted. . So
The, ‘attempts. that were. made. to paleo ‘the effects. of ‘chemicals
applied. es spreys with, tho se thet, follor, drenching were. partially frustrated
by reason of the fact. that. very, shortly. efter the sprays were applied, heavy...
raing fell which washed neerly,all. the chemical fromthe folisge.onto the...
ground, . ‘The foregoing statement, applies particularly to the sodivm.chlorate |
sprays. The.first time thet rain interfered with this part of the program wes |
on June 18 just after a series of sodium chlorete sprays had been applied to
plots number .7,.8.end 9, Later in: the season a second and extra, series of:.. ||
the game kindof, treatments was applied to plote.naumber 27, 28 and:2%,.. The... |
work Was.finished on. the morning of.July 9 and in the afterneon.heavy rain...)
oO
o~}
est
+ atolg edd
jodd Hoge beiegnoy ceed yx ivad syaecd eds Seyreeane fos “STSy “Fax
anor) «wan setste Adtw eenal weere efal SeWiviS easy Poly dost PELTON
weroiisyp ofa? weaal edd to ddqnel odt bebivib sotew biel oala erew “‘eontl
yilxia sf3 to agiado ni cam act .motdacitiqge doae Ye servos odd galied
gtied naw nelnio: edf dotde Ga stu: edd to Yardage eeols B oqo aottada
7 qav wifdal wale eff no Soonttsens edt te epergerq edt bas ‘Hero feb
| ,bevsidos sat Degtneds edi To nohsotiqga mrotiag ted) hetastha On etew ered Tam
bayalgersaw efeson vores edt je sdorerh aoativedya odd aniyiqgs s0T hecahali
ord anitvar qa wollod detatog Lfam ‘s dite aqtq nolenetxe eds We be j ett ts
fine ef? davotd? teilivh vetemeth af tent ast finestxiguace turoda. geford
ent it ext? mort deat os witty foneerd? trode asdifore ‘ae ot fredee
gig notevetze raloger ait mans mearal yids ie cine eat ‘gas ‘od? “te teem th
aig % aga ue ead rebar tart daciutd eaw tetkog et? -,teomslemnt sit eter ago oT
aad evinS of betiggs saw emectq fad ebensqo gov ovlav fovtnes ed?) bavers
wn Reecio eswoaviav acd vneourarenw 2 ontond OS twods Bevors eft ofal sqig pohwredxs
de tie antieb emia ted weredab- ott wood adv wort dwarhdtiweaw Jood writ bas
ane baverg eat ocad berowg goted sav oqig pid baa nego boataner eviar adi.
eo. stay edt fas-slor dome sot, bebretat: we ttulon te enirlow add qh ben tezadeb
gev sceudiinen guiieieqe tela .qrevtleb goitsies ‘to eten ad? gwolt
aid ereted haiegwes saw eyeb tons ylaue od berispen ante edt fae bentarceteh
erew jad ecled af ebam sxew eoottsotlzga ett: bedreta: ever edwem)regKs
40 Setaers tolg dose t soative odd reve otage votoat ‘@zte beosqe ‘ficto tian
. whoddem ols
Wh easem yd bellqge sre vedoners I'tod soatiie Bae egattet ext
esor oho Yo kno off Sa hot notenedxe wid booalgqer’ no tdw sisson. sdgian.
4o tetfi edd $a betqobs aaw betads seed eat ge ao tisotiqga rewet
qlibeeqe scuetieqnil: sredal Sas eaftd to yohrar sft tot yi traning mousse add
“0 cogatnavhs thatroget stom nave herette of ‘Pais ‘~ravsword beter veromeb
tk Sade Lovseon Suentaort Yo watveos eff bas YL YatwelY wt? ‘oO ‘wopset
on Bad dirt oq
atiotmods to S2oet¥e°RHy et sanos of ahaw' ersy tai? atgmefte sot
haveiieort yllatiray crew antddnerh welior tate modf Aviv eyetoe as beliqags
yrood ,Peilgqa Siow eysrge Gf? Yetta ¢iivona yer tad todt ed? to nokast ys
edd ofne egegiict add mort Leohesdn sit ifs yiratn Berane fotde [fet eater
aterelda myrfboa ocd oF viuvalivottxag eollaqs daametate gatogerot edt payors
gave mat gory’ ede Re drag etre detw bere trsyar stat’ durif eaitd tetkt edt .eyetge
od Berletia weed bat eyerce staerolio mriboo ‘te deine go totta tert ‘BL east so
Ro eeires ertce Bra baoses B moeate oft at Tetat .e bus 6 Ned etolg
af
“PR Pra Be .tS rete etolg’ ot hetiqas wav ginemdacry Yo ba bl esse ond
z 7s
xian peed noorredts off ar bns' © ylot ‘ro gn ivtow eit nO’ bere tart aw arow
began end continued to fall for gome hours, The spray treatments were in
effect, therefore, combinations of sprays and surface dréenches end met be so
regarded when they are chécked in the spring of 1935, “A record of the
weather that prevailed during the field ‘season } SOgethe ‘with a log of the
plot treatménts is given in Table Wo, 3, ~
During field season in the Inland Smpire it 1s not unusual for
paine to Sccur which ere heavy enough to wagh chemicals from sprayed foliacé,
It has beew observed that large quantities of some chemicals, notably the
chlorates, can ean and do usvally persist unchanged upon the leaves and stems
of sprayed plants until they are removed by water in the form of rain.
Recognition of these facts leads to the conclusion thet an aqueous spray
applied’ to: aerial plant’ parts must ordinerily be considered to be the rough
equivalént ofa combination Of aerial spray and surface soil drench, Fven
without further information it is conceivable that contact of the chemical
with the subterranean plant parts through the medium of the soil solution may
éommonly be” ‘quite ‘as important in achieving eradication as contact with ‘the
stems and leaves, This hypothesis gains weight from the indefiniteness of
the results which have followed efforts to prove that Ribes plants may be
killed by chemicals translocated downward from the ‘leaves and stems, There
is, furthermore, good evidence taken from other sources thet this process is
not possible to any great extent, et least in the case of chlorates. ‘The
relation of Shoes points. to the plan of the fiele program will be at once
epparenty ©
In the foregoing poges the expression “type of site” has been
used to convey # meaning which my not be quite clear without further
definition, The chéracteristic groupings of ‘environmental influences that
condition the responses to chemical treatment shown by plants of a single Rib
species growing in different locations are regarded as typifying the verious
kinds of sites with respect to that’ ‘species, In other words, response to ©
chenicel treatment is considered to bee function of environment,
Morphological and physiological characters and tendencies are regerded as
being acted upon by environmental influences but they need not necesseri ly
be the only factors directly ‘concerned’ in differentiating plants of:e single” ||]
species from oné another*with regar@ to the action of chemicale, «Kina of
soil, abundance of rain, abundance of soil moisture, and presence of running:
or stending water are some of the other agents that may be considered as
typifying a site, Until the present time, not much work has been done in
studying the effect of ecological variation upon results of chemiesi ssentaeen
within what is generally: called stream type. More complete information upon |
the subject is pry inl needed in artery that secon of ‘Sradic tion may be
ae chosen, OS ARMERS, J ave Eras re sg . ‘
| Meeottal ties of the principle eet forth above led to the formulation
of the fourth objective, ofthe. 1932 field program. At the start of the season
almost no information Was available to serve 4&3 a guide in selecting the best.
ND
reg
2p)
at grow. gtnsussot! yatge edT. .e21u0d emce yot. Lieto? beuattaes bas, saged
oe 24 derm bus aofonesh sogtxue baa eysiqe to amelisaidmes ,erotered? .toette
eft to brooer A ,BfCL te gatrgs ond nt hedoedo era yort nedw hobrsaer
agt Yo gol, a dil redtegod corges. blalt etd geiued belteverg. jacdt reritisew
a. 08. aldat at aevig at adoaméaoz?. dol
s0% laveony.dog at tho ontemé bacial. sdd a} moesag blast gatwwOe eco ity
easifot beyarge mort aleoteedo deer .ot dgvcae weed. era, doide wg990- od entar
edt yidatoa ..eisoimeds..swos to soit iinanp,agral tad? Sevres do meed.sant ti
amote Sus gevesl edd moge begnadoas teteteg yllaver ch bua aad ,setarofrio
ist 36 aot edi at yeter yd bovemsr. erm yedd [iter eteslq boyetga to
Yeree avoasps om ded? octawioaeo ald.ot ehsel adoat seodd to. moss ingeoeh
faye t oft od.of berebtenes ed. ylinanthre. jame 2d2sq.daslg isires,ot beligqgs
gevt .domeh Lice esstive Sas yige Jetres te avltanidaos ato. taaisviage
faotwado adf toe dostaoo dadt sldavitessoa af if soiteuro ini yeddqwt.dwodd iw
dact neitules Log add to mutben edd daverds atteq tasiq.agoegrieddua ed? civ
aiid itive Jostace as noiiso thurs actveldeos al tasizogn! es,edisg od ¢iacumes
to sgenetinfiebal edé mott Jdgiey satay eligoddeqyi aidl. weveel Saa emote
ad yan edasiq eadik Jed? evotyg of size tie bewollot.evad .dokivy giivees edd
ered? . emete ins asvael sat mont biased Sedsotlanets alsaiseds yw bell il
at sesoorg aidi tadd eoopoe 29die mort amiss gonabive Soey .sremradeiet sat
ail .gedazolde to sap add ol daaedi ja .,~tastxe Jaovg yas 07 el digaogios
gong ja od ILte worgoty, bieit acd. to meig edt.ct,eiatog sradd to .2oktel on.
ne wes ee ae eu cetee i Sedeateo ava. of ere
waed sad Watts to equt” nofaesiqxe sd? eaysq grtogei0t add xf
sadturt tyvortiv rs9f9 etivs ad ton yam doldw sainsem 2 ysrnoo ot beau
i) AW tedt ecomevlint (et¢nomacrivae to sgaiquots otdals atogiano si? gfoltinttss
Wiiipodt? elgrfe a ‘to adiclg of awode tromtaott iso bneds of 2 eanoge st aid xo lt tbacs
ill svoivsy off yatytteyt sa Sebrsget ers exottsool fxeveTtib at anivory 2siosge
ot sanogeer .ehrow tacto a1 .estoege sad? od foeqeet dtiw estte to gba kt
Skomsotivas te selfom ts ed of botebiencs af sromiser? Iso brods
vs Bébtayer ets avtonebaat bes evstoeiaio factanlotaydg bas. fap tgolodgioW
gltvagesood fon beer yadt ivd esonovlta! Istnemsotivas yd nogy botos gatsd
afants 2 tO ettald yatiaivnerst tit nf fheaTecnes uldoorth erodost ylao ait ed
to be fi ,elaoimedo to sottos edt ot hiager déiw redioas so mort wo egy
gotemrt to eoneeetg has ,oresetom Ifoe to sonshasds waiter to eosabayds ,ttor
ya Sevebtencs ad vam tad? otmoga tedto off “to emos “sia tedsw yn ihasze, 10
Hh. nk erob weed wad Brow toum Jor ,omtt dueeetg eff Iitatt .stte 2 an iyitagt
| sadeePaert Lao tineris Wo @fliwer vogr tottshrev [uotyolovs 30 tostte st aniybode
cogy 20 Mamet t stolqroo srolt” .eqyt meer te petlan yffareneg ef tariw obit te
ad yam coftaeibere So shorten dail? +ebro nh Heber ydaegi pt soot dine add
| gsottettmrot® of% OF Bel eveds dito? for Siqfoulrg ot fo aei¢tmgooemt ~~”
| nosaoe off Yo trate odd TA inargore biert Ser “ett “to ‘ev itsetdo Ad sHot “ods ‘te
jgad od garttoeiee nf oh toy a ea evren od eftallavs saw sotiamre'tai om teouls
gtudy and it. me. ce », bhenefore, that the firet
kaa eaet ib SITS ‘known had to. do with the
Xue nts. ,48 a first move an attempt was made jto block in
mae ure by directing attention to, the immediate envirenuont
sand, hiatisibe roots themselves, jen,
Ss pilots on Swank Greek were laid out. a number of
: Aves ‘or the water table were dug at various spots ~
on the eres, ‘These holes were ke fee en and a rough check of the verticla
movement of the water table was ke aah Youghout the season with the intent to
‘ Vea! ight, of the mater teble could be reed ly. ©. 0%
se of. the plents to chemicel treatucnt, ..leter in
Se hology..and. dumediete, environment | ||
i at. ep points in northern | |i
chee neipsl species, examined, , |
sas e than, orientation:
er. be “Found sieahisanet seem
ns aries any
nas ‘hag by ‘ tas Sol - rm
“i he dost So: oor sere ee
be
3 % vn & 4
i obe nie be Si me OS §
par - S84 d avd Abst if hecessary to at Pre ace st of ee ik inexrue
Be *
3. Ribes petiolare roots ea and” do prow in eeriated flowing water, but
they Pigenog? Shere e.. shad ongee fh in the, mapene tt aie dpinpork of» om ey
— “ffi Be is ne a
situ ¢ 38 Telnet penst, of atures - on iG? 7
2 a
gre Wh iii 0 » > CRS
ies ai i e fn the fares, ob servations at relative aerite |
om. p& § 9&8 genera 1, knowledge. of.plants;.severtheless, poeitive
Q
ef
4
ante hese and other like points is deemed necéssery to the aN |
ue of sound besic phere for the chemical OSEAIOR EES of prey .
re the AME nc we the I nrorman < thet checking will revee.
pointe is;
tn thé | fat
AY hoped, ¢ thet ae ida be. oS te emulation 9f recom ni iH} |
a YED ‘Glose ; coordination with controlled chemical plot stuiies,
_ the work bed apeuiaua at present, follows, the _ set iat te in:
: Ye tline 0: 9: dave stigations to be Ur
ati
eee AEE a ee et age ene ee | ne nae Rs ol ee ee a
fort? aff Jatt, ,exoreieds ,yiszaecen gan, 22 fos, ybule edd, yo toerug, 10%, shogian
até tity ob of bad arocd gan tadt sliset | ont amines at ratatalqxe ad,
}
nt Xoold of sham esv. tqmetia as avon Jett? « ah adoalg edt. to. gtaag.
sasmnonivaa of 4tbecmt add of 26,i3.a93 36, ne fort a wuntols ads, So as
a svi oamecdt etocs odd
to, Teduti, B 2806 bial ovew deo1) aevewe ao ajelo odd am coce. pA
gtoga 2noiiav t3 gub stem aided aetan ot to, egatue, odd nay ste Be
alottier ed? to wosdo desert a bra Lago iqed, oan aoled on edt sO
of teeta? edt Atta noesse ort trodaucitt tqel 2am efdet qotaw Sens 9. snonevan
qithaer sd Siaos, efdst, retaw edt to ddgtett aft ton 10 ted ede,
* tevooalh
gisotel .imemtser4 La tmedo of atnalq oft %o: eenoqpet adi, alexx05
il, orediser a2 edaton Larovee ta bas sais teers auewd ont at dtod atoox, eed it >
Wa sbantmaxs, peiosqe Iaq toning arid Siar guslotiog - & bra gen. ‘BQdle . ose
|) noljainetro get stom ott! jmonorgar tat estit, Obes BARAT RB ois “Agrond la
if iil mbar. Inaott fagte. hrgot ad neta, i , to kde k SOLES sb py ge .nglbute
Hil ; | ale sien be peliens hee geod damage 26.09
aurthos dottw ct esera ntedias nog pas “pant. ‘adnala patel oct, a: iw
hes tisto: rad srow LECL at ap e0otE taom ot dtiv bellqas..197 ayergs atatoldo
. ‘ : aa! taox. wotleds: Ueniveea at
aart on t oh ytd sed to fe Ae adit ot ‘crsegenen al "otbaties £108. .
rr
gud . totam aeetwals. betsires. pay #O7%, Ob: tie pPey Setar, ‘wralotieg. ant sah hy
er 6 eit tonmaincahnatte ond; aa oh peote dikes a at Xo. Pcie sore te, seacid
wi no oon E gol tne: ent
<otam ads 0 postoua exis wol od a tony: naaeitle reer’ pie vocal pa ah. i ber bok
hae ot dd to: aida ank4h hetadee: ai we oidat
a sat Z te Neg" ¥ CR,
hedo Lherg eed. ona Selgin aie Abia wurden eich. ‘ou: tage. aur are re ¢ yaks
avittecg ,geelodtyeves jetaale to agbel voad Jerensy 9 .bas, sone inen ks -as.aq ent
etd of wrsegsoem hamech of adaiog evil vaije, ne eeedd gatomaoges: egh
sed YO 110 p hiteeshinaree hao ined: matte sterol oe nike, Ah. free ™ dstonedet (deste
cate ald 8
La Pree ye:
i anbedeatumeiieh ahs? apts vr pi Ginna ak ‘Claw oe ‘tas? auaie ud $2 er behtrte
| ) we akiete ke ornndinets vagina HaRR, Peeveciaire atte i sie orusiirt baal Bt
ray
1 noe
I) sreduegas? Doseet ext -r0 1 naradr’ avian bined
'
| | ber on ‘ 7 |
AI et déeo% 3 ae ian ot ane het damit ‘oe i hl ners a2 sett one
| ||| «there Leotment odd of meaingrehal ad of sxofteytieeral to cash sasieh clive othe
| |
I
| |
re
od fara pees Bade ye ‘to
josmnot vas eta thonot baa, quolodarom e2otg edd soqu. aged 2aw trom , 0Rae .§ o.
{ou df RUbe es SHY BEroe ery 19326195 9 witch waw submitted by Mr: Offord
Wevember 1, 1932, This program is the direct outgrowth of the
investigative work completed up to that date Yor further details, the
reader “i ¥ rred to tne above! mentioaed outline and the ‘spe glak reports
4
site gimilar to the uppe
We Gubmit ted a's the verious studies ere completed, >
wer end of the % Farag tenis 404 :
sd ‘
2s to
-
be Undertaken During 1933
%. Helation of undergrougp itevnieris ani iy envi ronment &e
response of Ribes to chemical treatment These. studies eshonlas }
z f K ; ; é o 7 oe oS Sh tie 2 OSS PE ap 2€ Ad Ri Y
oe 01.0 sey jland ‘type Rivee sro At ‘the opresent: tine ponly (one. typeof, trestme nt
re ropa ed fo further triel upon the dry land .tyge a of ‘Ribes found in)» ie
Mnis “eta te. “The method of éxperimentation recommended consists iu aoplying
mésle iu woderetely da Licquantities toitihe thoroughly scarifiedor
miti lated crowne “End ‘top rodts of decapitated plants. sboth oils ad water
soluble! sélta “should be -té sted in the experimats, .0f the former) elesa of
sub etétice $7Diegel- oil is recommended for test by resson of its general
availability, low cost, end the fact that former trials have ghown it to be
as good if not better fA¥: tie purpose cthan “other ,othks thet might be «. ,
cogefdesed. “past “expérténce ‘indicates: that tsodium chlorate, copper sulphate,
esaium flusride should be submitted to further: tests the development —
of this type of method is only intended to assist in the destruction of
those occasional plants the eradicetion of which by hand ig excegsively
costly.
inland Empire
» Pefinite recommendations for future work with
Stream tyne Bibes:
chemicels and methods of application, dosage, etc,, cannot be mde until the
results of the 1932 field trials become available through the spring check
to be performed in 1933, It is believed that the comprehensive tests
conducted in the Wenatchee area in 1931 with sodium chlorate and ammonium
thiocyanate will furnish conclusive evidence regarding the relative merits
of these two chemicals, ‘The check should also make possible the correct
evaluation of the methods of application and dosages used so fer @s that type. Ae}
of site is concerned,
‘Since the information that checking will reveal regarding the se
points is considered to be vitel to the proper formulation of recomnenda-
tions for future work, it is hoped that the 1933 check can be made well in
advence of the regular field season,
It is suggested that the 1933 field investigations of chemical
eradicetion in stream type include work upon the following sub jects:
1, Methods for the destruction of R. inerme based upon the findings of |
the 1932 work in Washington, This work should test previous conclusions and |
HrortO” eu Yd HSet Imdoe aSH HD tow MEler—keer” vile” bag isis. to'a at
eas “to dée6r2900 Sootth adé*et mar getq eta? ceef., asdue 3
Sd lal tateb tsdsant 4X” e448 ¢add of at betslquids stron pore
atroue, istisqs odd bea an tldge Benelisem-eveds acd es ‘berreter a!
edolgnies 443 2ethode ‘egofray eff az bastinae “a6 ot
hes atitwG selsiiabsll_ sd of ‘wether?
ia omteard IO eqyt sa fied ott filehbte and #4 tgedta AS. ee ae
gi bovot gdh to eeqyt Snal qb odd Hoge Lalxd aadtit r6t beeoqorg .
stiviqgs af etatencs Behaermeset nO f¥asuom iagre to. Bosidon aft” eda 2,
4¢ Belt fieos vidgootodt ott of gefstinarp Ilana” yoterefen at ‘piso im
revaw faa efte dtod** 2tnalq bated igaoesh te etoct qos’ Sas enwors Sotal tiam
weeals samr0t add Ko eimemireqxe edt at betest sd Sierode aalaa’ efdeleg
feratsy ett te noreagt vd desd tot Bekuammeser af ‘Tio foeeit ab 098g
ed od tt swode oved glatvt temtot tadd font ect bas (eon wel vs tl tdal fave
od tegin dedt alte rwwdto asd? aseoqtrg eft tot tetied ton Yk boo, ea
| | «stangive xeqqoo startet dn mobos. san? e6tao lint eons hr agxe Yeut ob orrsb,
tasmqoloved sft .teot tedéret of Bed ttndie ad Bivore | ebtroult ‘my thes. bas
to aottowrtesb eft at Jaftese of Sebastat qloo af Boris Yo Sqyt efdt to
Vievies 92x29 st brad yi dotcdw to soitegthare edt staalq Lanolegono erent
“teos
av tw aero wilt t0t wide FAAnNtindds elt servett”® igeott sav? maeriz oa
eit Ltdmyr shoe od doamao , odo .¢gaeob «co ttas Migs to ebodies Sas cop bapa
adooria guitge eft devordd eldaltave emooed elaird biett St€l edt Yo. etfuser
“ete? evivaedetqres sit taht boyelied oi IT * Beer ate, bowro%s oq" od ot
msiromns bas edaveltio amtbow Mttw (ECL ‘nt ders séfodane? sdf af betordaco
etizrem avitaler odd gothisget eoash ve avieulomsoo deloxst Lite edanayoo ind
| #oerree off eld ined wlan orf bivorly Wpod> ott elaotmeds owt seedt to.
Tf | tees stanets an sca ow beet venaeob bits’ te Piao HGga %e abodt sa ‘edt ‘te rye
© bens anno, at La PTE a
seeit antirrayet Sawer ffLtw enti datid 0 LS. amro'e t aid estle
~shiemmejex to woivalumrot teqotq eft ot Las tvy ad ot hershieqoo ef Pen
“Bb flaw shan a6 mss Xosite Eber’ otf? tat equi et ¥F wow ‘orbiot 10% eno tt,
é “esse Hist talegey edd Yo toeavee
fsotmedio Ih gsnattagita svat blort peed. et? Sant hoteogyem ‘et + SARA SS. sae
sedootdue gaiwolfot add noos arow shulomt eqyd meorte te? bctb ali iebee
to age bhatt edd wegr hoesd sirpert 2 ‘to’ ‘Ro tfonr te ob x9 40% ‘aber $ ol
@
| hg i
||| See ead tecLoroo edotvarg teed Bivede srd9 stat’ ‘abt 3a tte a ni brow eeer ‘ef
BES
yh ol rN f
TRERG Ait
should be conducted during June upon the bench and sand bar classes of
site, or
ge Wplue of draining inundated Ribee sites prior to thé application of
chemicals, The trials relating to this sud ject should be performed upon a
site similar to the upper end of the 1929 experimental area at Clarkia,
Idaho,
3. Relation of underground plant parts and their environment to
response of Ribes to chemical treatment. These stwlies should be linked
very Closely with the chemical studies conducted by this project upon
the controlled plot basis, They should be designed to discover if possible
whether or not @ relationship exists between type of site end effectiveness
_ of ‘chemical treatment, If such a relationship does exist, these studies
and the results of the chemical experiments should be designed to furnish
a definite basis for distinguishing the various types of sites prior to
chemical treatment, cio oneggn
“")" ‘Upland type Ribes: ‘The recommendations that are made for this
branch of the work are exectly the same as those for the California species
end ere intended to apply in particular to R. viscosi sgimum
et 9
(2, ovo volley Be, Offord, Agent, and George 3. Draper, Agent
the. ‘eooperat ine agreement set up ‘in the spring ‘of 1930 ‘hetween
the Davdaion, of Barberry, Sradication and the Division of Blister Rust
Sentrol has been operative during the field season of 1932. In accord-
anes, with the terns of, this agreement, laboratory, capexinants have been |
undertaken, at. Moscow, Idaho, and field experiments at Maumee, Ohio, and
Pennsylvania Furnace, Pennsylvania, The previous results of laboratory
vend field experiments were used as a basis for the selection, dosage,
and manner of application of the following chemidals: sodium ee:
ammonium thiocyanate, copper complex, and zinc ammonium chioride, |
eumary of laboratory findings. for barberry., and the application of. pen!
findings to aaah a ig given in Part. III. ofthe, anaual. report for
this. project. t, Part If,. deals. only with the results of
pf apoio eal nil the. program ef field. work hasbeen under the. joint ”
supervision of 3,,.C.. sabes. Pathologist-in-Charge, Division of Barberry
Bradient ion, on... B.. Offord, Agent, Division of Blister Rust, Control..
All of the field work mipeeees herein has been undertaken by acerue. z.
Draper, Soom “8 wh Treetuon ¥
the. 11930 pel ED gia 5 ay Ng gt A I RD gs COE ede Bk
reuak at..Maumee,. Ohio, were. given a cursory check to note any departure
from data taken in 1931,. The following observations were made:
Spr by nis: Ali plots sprayed with sodium chlorate.
er Atlacide atill cued 400. per cent.ki2] of barberry plants. No aproubiae:
appeared in any of these plots. Mo change was apparent in the date taken
over plots sprayed with pitch 11 in.1921,,. Those ushes which vere.
Sprouting at that tine were stil) living. The data taken on the kerosene-
sprayed plot likewise remained substantially the same. Due to the slow
penetration of oils, it was thought that a second. year's check on oil-
a@prayed plots might show a substantial increase in per cent kill. Such
did not prove to be the case; it was noted, however, that on the plot
sprayed with the keresene-phenol solution practically, all seedlings of less
than 0.5 feet.ofJive stem were dead. The live stem reduction on bushes
with more than 0.5 feet of live stem was not significant.
58)
EY PuAa
PRR ULAS TO HOT AS SLIARS i 4 HOS BE op Ma Wi ERO TIAD yes
bs
jaenA (teqeaTd JE aytes) faa , dregs SfroPtO LK Le
BOLPOUMAAE
aeewted G86L to wnitqe edt ot qn tee snomeutys evivareqooa edt
geod retalit Yo molaivid edz ons actiasfher® yrredrei to sotelvid edt
~Hioses al Bel Yo mogesa Sol? ad? saburh evitvatege ceed eat lforztaed
teed ovad etnenivecxs yrorstodal ,Jnenestgs efit Yo Barred adt dtiv soma
bao ,ofi) ,sentrall ts atneattecre brett Soe ,oinsT ,woseot ia oevsdrshas
ytotatodal te edineet avotverq ef? etmevivenaed |, soan’ty'? sivav lypene4
,ogezob .polioelee sid tet utied & aa beat etow etaamiteoxe bleit bas
.stereids wrt bos :eLentmeds antwolfet edt to moltsoliqgs to Texaan bas
A ,abivnoldo mrloomm ote bas ,xefemon teqyos ,etatayeotad mrtaomes
gaodd te soivactiovdsa pas Sus yriedsad tot ayotbalt yietatalal te ytammve
sot ocet Isuneem wit to TIL frst wt nevis ef emeidota bialt ov esatsadt
to etioeet ati Mitw vino sieob ,1] tn24 ,¢toqet git .toetorg elds
intot oi? tebe agad sad strow brett to mernote ed? .edneubtsoxe Slelt
Ytteviad te acisivid ,egtsdd-al-getgolodied ,retex .> .f to aotaivieque
evtaed tes tedallif to aolfeivi’ .¢aesd ,BtoT?O Hf LH bas ,aotseolbard
.E sproed yl meaetredar seed asd alerted bedteger sitew Sfelt ed} to ILA
S934 ,regsTT
oidd sonal ts etnemiteqad OFe@f to soedoet A
stnemtsoxnt Asad Lewhivibal Soa efsemttsoxe yaiyerge OS0L ed?
sisdisced yon et¢oa ef Soety yitostso a geovig eiew ,ofd0 ,semral ta bearotteq
ighicui etsy waeldavaseda aniwolfot eff I88L af cesisd ateb most
ejateldo wrtbos dtie« Seywigs afeiq [14 teinemizecns nelyoic’
aihivotqu of .einalo veredtad to iif! deas t9q COOL Sewoain ILites ablos lta 19
nea? ateh sdt of taevaugs eew sygato of .adolg seed? to yea af betaeqqa
asew doidw eedand eved? .L8CL af Ike dodiq silw beyetca atolq teve
-gaisesetss edt ao asdat ateb off paltvil ifhte orew cats tadd Ys gativorge
gola add? of axl .eome alt yllatinatedva Benianst eetwatil tol beoywrge
~fio ne avado e'tasy bscoee 2 dade dogrods aaw i .alto Te solletteaned
dose fin daen tey ai seeston? Lattasteden s wede idpiom stola baystge
delay eft ae tedd ,tevewod ,beton aaw i jesse oct of of avotg tom S15
ancl to saciibses [ia yllacitoerg molimion Jomedig-saszotex edd titin beyoige
esdast so soidguben mode evil edt .baed otow mete evil to teot 2.0 asdd
jneoitiongts jon gaw mete evil to test &.0 aad? etom ttiw
9 Atcerding te the 1932. check, all
indd vidual: Sa gh ger ods 8, 9, and 10 (see below) were still
100 per cent effective, though some changes in the 1931 data were noted
for several, bushes, treated by, other,methods. , Of these changes the. foliow-
ing are the more important: Bushes treated with arsenous oxide by method
(2) produced shoots, several. inches, below the. portion treated; and bushes
treated, with, copper, complex by method. (2). produced.shoots one inch fron
the crow on @ large root. Hach of the chemicals, ammonium chlorids,
ferrous amonium, enlphate, pitch oil, and, phenol applied according. to.
method.{ 1): teaulted im one,edditional dive, bush the second year efter —
treatment. »Metaod (2). resulted. in four new.sprouts according to the 1992.
‘check; method (3) showed a decrease of four in the mumber of live tushes,
method (4) @ decrease. of; two bushes, method (5) an. fanreese: of, root pothady;
(6),an increase af) one,),ad method (7)..an dncrease, of. one,.. a. -
rer the sake of te
ten met bod) though perp ae ny onney: cape Pe of, nas a 4 doar sanaaanbion
of: sald, barberry, wishes, from,heavily populated areas, it.bes, been recognized
- thet, by. far the greatest-portion of the barberry eradication program is.
wi th the. destruction pf, single, mshes,. For this reeson,. consider-
attention was given to. individvel. tush’ trestwente. both, ot Maumee, Ohio,
= and: 8. Pena sy) vaala. Furnace, . Ja Table No. 1 are summarized the results of
the 1931 individual bush treatments at Pennsylvania Furnace, Pennsylvania,
Methods Application Used in Individual Bush Treatments at Maumee,
Ohio, 1930, and at Pennsylvania Furnace, Pa,, in 1931.
1. Bush cut off through crown, groove cut in crown, filled with
paste (1-5 grams). The word "crown" as used in this report refers to that
part of the stem which is at the base of the plant and immediately above
othe juncture of the roots with the stem.
2. Bush cut off through crown, hole bored with a three-sixteenths-_
inch bit and filled with peste (1-5 grams). |
aa 3. Crown lecerated and large roots exposed, email quantity of
- saturated solution (2-4 cc.) applied,
F 4, Top left intact, hole bored into crown and filled with a
paste (1-5 Man, :
5. Ome stem cut off at crown, groove cut in crown and filled with
, @ paste (1-5 grams).
Ile ,doatio SECL edd oF gakbtco9A atest? dagvd Fasrbivibal
[itde erse (wolod eee) OL dus .@ ,8-ebedten w einentse1s dad Lavbty that
beion stew ateab [20S edt at eegosdo ome chewods ,ovtioetie jaeo 19q OOL
-wollot sf} sesaats seeds 10 .ebodism ‘sadto. Se ‘bsdastd eadesd [ete se tot
boritam yf sbixo evoneets dd tw botaest eedav# stassiogmt etom edd ots gal
eodend bog :betaets dotsiog edt} woled ‘ssdonl Lerevse atoode beorbotq (S)
govt dont ano etoote beosbotq (S) bodtem yd xslqmeo teqgos diiw besser
,ebitoldo mrtnomms ,alaol meio: od? to mai toot eatal a mo mwoto orld
od patbtoses bellges Lonecig bas -fto dotig ,etedceloe suinoams esotrst
aeits teey boos © oft dard evit Lanotstess sito mi bed iveey At). bositem
Beer edd og gnthtésse girotcs won tvot at bed tire ot (&) boddel -dhemtaett
7 eeaane evil to tedmim sd? at -tsot to sasetoed a bewors (8) bed¢ oat Ts ait
botitem . ows to” sesgToct as (a) bodsem wonder Ged ‘to° seaetseh 3 (ay ‘bedtem
- Piet +8tro ‘Yo ‘seaoton! ats “€%) Seddon beled + SHO" bod ‘eadetat: a8 a2)
ere
29st? Wee at an Nebo te 32 eioecd eer? Hoot La ae
soitaothars edd vei sorts %o° ‘a: hfivow Yate ovEsseyte: as" iegiionth a
bexingéset ased sad #2 , exerts Seda isqoeylivesd mort eaderd Taebcae 1 thane Yo
el rarrgotd” net Sag Loans yriedtes eds to fofdrog JesieoTs edt tat yd pads
-1sdi anes ‘ oeset stad Tet jeederd @igaie th nottsrtdéoh offs dot ‘hawreon09
oft lesaral ga dted ¢inseteetd Hesd Lavbivibat-of ger te raw nebinetins efda
‘to dé ives oid hoe ftenuwe O78 f° o8 olde? al seoertsy. aksav fyesnes ta baa
Stasy iysnce’ _ epee ‘ghiov Iyeated vig aia ond ard dake SactG fx LEME ‘Teenveds
Rema $8 einemserT dass fap acbivtbol at boal nol tag tiga’ ‘tee sbontew™
ESL £ of at 39 sSORnTUy _ataey iysnne_& 3s 28 208e4 pt
ddiw beilit ,mweto mi ts avoorg per dgsrotdd ‘tt0 yong sient wy
jane oF etetev froget edd at S6en ea “awoi* Hrew oit .lam@rs a-1) sJaag
oveda ie gen Bete taste oft Yo @ead ede taal de thw meta oft to dtaq
oO ‘pete emt dtiw edoos 6ds Yo ews saw hl Sds
HH ~e1id nO66R Fo “eet? a adie eer alos mots dgsotdif te tro Hest Ss
i! enats @ ~L}) sdeeq ‘ag iw penstt ben® bol inser
to Saeed rane | Bevoers, adda kei bite’ pesanesat aoe gic
bet iqge t vo #9) ener a vag boteentas
ait te w Bett are fwo'Ts” ‘ott dered ‘ston oath stot 55 i Sete On
| ett "a-1) ota:
dt te borer? bea: iad haat 08 er ears “awons to '¥t0 108 one gad 8Be Oras
ee fe eae G1). sean: 8
6. One stem cut off, piece of rubber tubing fitted on and filled
with a saturated solution (5-20 ‘cc.).
7. Crown grabiga, aus, ‘paste applied to ‘Foot’ eu thus exposed,
| | Chearieael Ueod and Concen- |cc.
| Plot Numbers -
a Satter ante at base of plant removed; a chemical in
EW ici s-aGh fon 4 ee applied to soil about crown,
decrees Pass Fitter atotase of plant removed; 50 to 75. per ceat of
surface of exjpeed port: tions } oF Yeots and crown lacerated; a chemical in
22:Slea arated te ee -wokutic “or solid f form applied to exposed roots and erown.
ti ___bimonium thiceyvanate 20% | 236] 70,
2 Cia es te ae aie Vitter at tase of plent removed, Bush out off through
22) oo ee CERT asa solid or in aqueous solution applied about
ne : . 1 i
~ oe amon L ac. eyenate &% | 118] 6.01
io(3 RE See -Atlacide See i iy
+ -
tne erat bo Aityand clerity in subsequent discussion, the
af Anéividual- -t¥ea tient are grouped under four general
ey may be. described-as follows: (1) Application of an aqueous
aio SOTUtion or. 8eliGschent cal “te thé sofl around the crown; (2) subsurface
isii0.12, PPL i eatiex of, Base ous chenicals; (3) application of small volumes of
Bea Bia rate solution by tubtlation; and (4) injection of a glycerine paste
yr. Combiex
ates. by ‘menns-of & special tool.
lio, 11,12,1,2.2 h5y60?
|3,24, 13), a(7.,8} Greek
ies 0, 11 Bo, ah 623,27 0)
119), Bfs ph2.32.
poe Cresk Bank.
| | Cee
[B25 _ Ie.
Os
JauPont, ws
oo __1GuPont Sajid
[pls = ~faubons se
Ae 22). Outside bres |® thylene Oxide 190%
\ eee |, spylane Oxide}
Cer eh aD - Ee aprlene.
&
de Arce
|c22, B(16,19), 3
Ja(16,17,19), M4:
Annual Report 1932
H. R. Offord and G. E. Draper
| «=«- He LIED hes we SoSFIT gaided tsddar To agekq 310 tao weda ea0- Ja
i ‘ .
| i} . a) c-) sori lod besmivdat & dota
. itt hesouxé eons ebs toot’ od Beles sceae4 5 sare: begets neow ite
HW
I of faviasds & ;bavonet iaalg To deat $a wedtit éomteie 8
ia We wet erode Lioe oF bes fat® aot” bifee te notisior ae . |
} ri ee
» i 4 to re 4 ise BT-69 OS jbovenmet tealg To sead 36 Sesstt sae .& , 4 |
i i cb La9bmbt a phaderseal wets Bas etoot eo esotitog Gseecks toa sosxtise . |
cH Wie anbts! ‘bas 2fbo% Sseoaxe of Settags ater bi foa 10 wortntos ” ‘esdesDS eeeinas
i an
, i davotd? 20° duo cevt” jPevcttet Jaale Te esa -ve cedtis eswmme® ol) hie
HI trode betlcqs softsles s#0etpe nid bilo see Yodete [é> tinea baa aw
| | is gies -£m0"%9
| i aij ,mokeermeis drvacp eed tre at gaprvigi* bee eihvued to odes en ae
i fatsnss “ect tebne Socsst& ova toomfaant Nerd “Larhivi bar ta eboddem set
ahh q -goeeweea aa Yo aefdsglleqh& Ef) rewelfot as befitesss of yan yet? aborites |
AM aocttiadins (8) pees sho Settota ffoe ed of Leo tawds Silos te notsiwfoa . |
if to agamrroy {fame Yo nofteotiqags (€} :elsotesds enveass to Soltanrtleds P|
| steag satreoyts % Horsso tat ($) Sas jHottalaled qd aotreloe be tety aoones : |
at 4 . food fatooge e) » stem ee eet Pat FF
| | j |
! im f |
i I ]
ih}! Z |
iN |
| ai
Ht | . |
Wil i Ki \
We Gq
MAW p |
i} , | i Te
FATAL a
Me . . |
SS
|
|
| 3 LG s a c fey a
\ wh! hey s i
Mt th ¥ salle 3 i , RSE a
TABLE NO. 1
RESULTS OF 1°31 INDIVIDUAL BUSH TREATMENTS MADE AT PENNSYLVANIA FURNACE, PENNSYLVANIA
DATA TAKEN IN 1°32
r : jee ee aa cae ae 7
Paes |
| Grams H
Per Linear | Per |
j Average} 100 Feet Cent |Per Method |
Avorage| Grams | Feet j|Live Number |Live |Cent of
| Chemical Used and Concen- |cc. Per) Per Live | Stem Bushes |Stem | Bushes Apoli-| |
| Plot Numbers | tration (By Volume) Bush | Bush Stem |Treated|Treated|Killed|/Killed)cation) Date of Application |
_ } i | July 14,31; August 12,12,|
(10,12,22) ,¢(16,17, 20) rhydrip 40% =| dod 42.0] 0.6 | 12,550) 32 | 85 84] ._.2 {14 September 2.8 anes ix
327) 5 0( 24,5) ______ | Copper Complex 10% _______ {____158| 16.0] 4,2] 2.60] 7 | 58 | oO) 2 |Judy 14,15,25
2). s0(2,3,4,5,6).__ [Copper Complex 25% | __78| 20,01. _&.2 | 3,025] 8 eo --24duly Ms 12428 _ Bera ae
Copper Comp) ex_: A OE AIRE SET “ig [ee | oe aly 29.90. _
G(10¢11,16,19.20,24.2, | | |
3,4,5,12,13,21), B(9, | |
10,11,12,1,2;3,4,856.7. | | | Aveust 2,5,6,7,8)10,12,
8,24,13), A(7,8) Creek | | 13,14,20,21,25,26,27;
{Banc _ ___1 Copper Complex 35%. ____ te ---11])___ 39.0] 9.6 }_66,110]__167_-| 94 | als September_1,2
C(10,11,20,21 ,23,17,16, | | eb |
|19), B(3,6,9,11,12,22, | August 6,7,14,21,28,2°,
3,24,19)_ tetok Gate. Worn Gamtex dod. ._..2-| sel gaol 40. 2| 46,820} 80__ 272 | az ---3{313 September 1.2.2 ___
__-_ | Copper Complex 40% i ea See eet" 37s eee ee torte aaa viy14_ es ~*d
[B26 Copper Complex 40% _ 278] -111,0}° 51.0 | 3,700] 37 [a1 | 3s] 5 [July 24 =
jp2o dL Copper Complex 40% | ea RTE =1s600}}. |. 99") 0 Sn eee
Copper Complex Solid ____|__- _|1,255,0|_1040 | 1,mo] 1 | 20 ole lguyis
104,18) ________{ duPont —_______| 184] _9,0] 2,4] y.o25l os | ssl ol a lmiy ia =
________________] duPont 5 -- 2500. 125,0| 55,5 | 22s] [es ToT a lely le -
O58 Ne A000! aes July Ole
116,0 | 1,250) EES 3 IJuly 15, August 14
{agli ___ 350)
I" 35,4 | 14,9281 16 _
___ 5,2. 250! ___)
--5{July_Sl, August 21____
oe BS J) ye ee
Zine ‘Ammonium Chloride
Annual Report 1932
EH. R. Offord and G. E. Draper
AD
J Ss dD
Ke @) cp
RESULTS UF_93) SPRAYING EXPARIMENTS PERFGRWD 4)
| | the order ef the four general bethois as given.in the preceding
paragraph arranges them in decreasing order of practicability for field
use. In the first group chief interest centered about the toxicity of
| ammonftis thiocyanate. Data 4h ‘hehe No. d..show, that, in. the quantities a
tae gga ete chemical did not effert eonetstently: ‘gooe kill, Zine amaoniun
_ “chloride and copper complex might be similarly deseribed. As a killing
| pagent, the concentrated aqueous solution of these chemicals wessuperior
es. $0 the: dry: form. Even distritmtion: of the ghémical ovér the ground
[2 ia wmperjacent to roots. seemaot> be quite important. and is
°° apparently accomplished. better im fnec a dare eens rv os ‘solution than” 4
52° withthe ieekee, = ee) | 00! |
Byes, ae ten Us fideo (>) Lay "8
B, 230 [7
Ee sens Luton hytene mers mee ‘100 a deh #trective, ve canndt be”
2,24, recommended. for, ‘general a ipornt ust. Sines the chemical must be. empaies: in.
[524 & senies, jafheles about the bushjas | a aubsurfsceomppbi cation, - Ate use -
[co,n'o) WouLa pole to those sites dn which | the $01] was loose enowgh to.
ow 8 prod: Po d to enter; mat ag sy ouch, te abe ia, the highty Volatile mr
bl.) Aare Clay surfaces, rocky se, and, very Nogky erownd.would:
agent ce. of the more aifficalt aes ‘for, ‘application, - Exopylsin
no Oxide, which-hasja higher boiling poinb: than éthylene oxide, might be more -
eer __practival : siéc-d4t( ould be produeed cleanly esoughy: | The. other. aca sah Wc tried
i pa method: did not prove tebe df) ay wMldNe 70 |0.08 | 9.09 10.270 | |
oat 1 7 12/1 Aucontun thi evanate 0, 45) ___ so! 173 | 2,360 |o,03 | 0.29 [0.014 | 2.) |
| he “third generat “a ebiiea “hat Eau wes tren quite an
a extensive “trial,, Ry Tks treatment, of ie is apolicable. only to large 7
|o20, wishes, and Wes given & test| because o ts ‘possi ple. sé on estates and
loei,o Perks. where it ts necessary to, kgep the. ‘Qhent confines ptrictly. to the
[8.212 3aeh) reated, OF. ‘Several “giadegis [tented ta gt Soper, Gogiplex. prayed
aan, | Ty , MESt, ‘suitable for tubulation becauge of) ite oe id entry and ready
@ “the stems and roota. the- ‘resus. oF the 1922 cheek,
om vi On 4 apoarent- that: ‘the eee peaibe cai: in
f Mable Moy 2 Was 2 mot: teecteaas bE meee ;
a 0 $8 2 |
TE ' . , ease ‘theek of the Maumee
: ual epraying teats ware mi canal “as Ponnsylvenia Furnace,
(«) Conbennsyivania, in July aad.duguss.of the seme year, The Pennsylvania plots
(>) Butt were. Biegtee tr Fone of idea ‘wave the results as shown in the following
(e) Seed
(4) on » bables: experimental area in Mr. Geo Irwin's pastu
plot ast of norba end of exper inate al ares.
Anrua? Report 19%
BH. R. Offord and G. #
284
untbeosig eff af sevis 2s ehodtéem [atenes tiret edi to 1ebto edT
Sfolt rot vttitdaciseartg to tehte golssetoeb at mold esegaaTis sqetgsts¢
to ysinixod off dmroda Seredaes festeink tside qrotg tetit ad? al eer
asitiijcsop off at ,tedd wode [ of oldaT at ated .etansyootds mriaonmms
mrtsoms paiS [fit boon yltasdsiamos gosttse ton Sth Isotmeds eldd ,bear
nriiftt s aA bediveeeb yitalinte ad tdyin xefomoo teqqos bas ebitolido
tofvegmaase sisnimedo seedt To weltalea exoesps bstatineonos end .trene
bavets of? tsv0 Laotmedo edd to notdmi intel eovi vemot yrh edt of
at bua tastiocmt efiie od of emese atoct of iasostteqve yflotsth samt
nadd motéeloe exowps beistinesnos edd dil xstied badetiqmoscs ylinestsqqs
»bifoe oft dtiw
ef fonuso ti ,evitestte nso teoq COL saw ehixo enefydtes dayodt la
at betices od tamm Isotmedo odd exut® ees bislt istemes tot Sebssmmoet
ear ast ,aotiaoiiqgn sostinedye = aa dead edd tuods easfod te seeliee 4
od dgroxs seool esw [toe odd dobiw al gette oeedit ot bedimil ed biyow
elitaloy yidgin sid ateset o2 dyrone Jelom fxs .teine of bot boty a wolls
birew Sarota woot yrev bas ,segbel wioot .esostwe yalo bisa .{Iao isco
eneiygqeti .tetiaocif{ggs tot gaofst&aon slop ittrS stom off to empae Faavetget
etom of tdgtm ,ebixo ensiydis gadt djatoy gatifod tedgid 2 ead doidw , shine
borg efaotmede tedjo off .thaoone ylqe0odo Deorbotd ed Hiro i 2 Lastioaig
euisy wis to ad ed evotg Jom bib bosdsem atdd yd
me stiop aevia esw .coltsiudsd To Jad: ,bodtom [erenes brtdd sit
estsl of yiao sidacticcs ak ,eetros to ,dnomtsotd efit .faiss svienetxe
bus setates ao eer eldiaaog eft to gacsoed geet # asviy, saw bas ,aecesst
eit of ylteicde beafines Isolimsro edd gqeex of yiseaeoen eit sf eredw adteq
beveta xeigaee reqgoo , [Sel ak betes? alastaeds Latsves TC .beiacts das
yoast bas yidas bigest sti te eemsoed aolialmist 10% oldative teom od of
tosis SS@L sdf¢ to etimset odT etoot Sos emete edd dgvord? fasmerom
ak beofesthal Isotmeds to ytiinawp add jad? taetaqqs ti ebom ,tovewod
idaeb etuene of gnetelttiwe fox aaw [ .o% sidef
xsggoo ,exttesyin « goisoe{al tot food bempteeS yllatoscqe A
ed of boiéem aids bewode sousitecxt faltt s seviz oe{s saw steag xelqms
botalcsegans ate ateet seiitiet om dads yrofosteliassy 08
asmrali eft to xoedo LhCL old aott bermee ativest to zlead edz a0
goss atnaviyenne’. ta cham otsw etaet yatyatce [anottibba .sidemitecxe
afola ainsavyiyenne off .teey emae sit to denvgvd bow Yiet at ,etoaviyeansS
gcckwolfot ef? ai awode ea adiseot eit dé¢iw SkCL to sagt at besloeda stew
seidat
TABLE NO, 2
RESULTS UF 1931 ee PENNSYLVANIA FURNACE , PENNSYLVANIA
Sa ee
| nt Jie | | |
| Quanity App? tec ed __ a |
Jons Pounds | | |
Live Per | Per |Live
Date Concen- Stem Gal- | 1C0 |} 100 |Stem | Bushes
| of ) tration (a) Number |Treated| Jons | Feet Pounds! Feet |Kitled Kitted|
| Treat- in Pounds |Gallons|Bushes |Linear | Per j|Live Per | Live |Per Per |
Plot Number ment Chemica? Used Per Galton | Used |Treated| Feet Bush | Stem Bush | Stem |Cent Cent
Se eos ——— — —— ———S—=— —= ——_—_——_=—— Fah Oe eee —— See ee ——————d
23. —=s«dw /e/Silatiactde (b)
Bees eieeide cs = ot
By aL ae Atlacide (> en 50 |
B223y ___|2/re/s)|atrectae __ _ 0,80] yo | 23 uy
E oe ar ee aon fas |
[3,22 7/17/31| Atlacide 1.40 J) Aig), «8 t
AIO «dS; 7/24 ee ee Atiacide (b) + Glue e(c) eal 40/0.05| 2.00 | {245 |
Bae4) 7[16/31| atlacitde (b) 4. am Re |
Beet Nnrefailattectae Ba ch “Veale a9 0k
eal |
¥
al
|
Atlacide (b) + Glue (c) 2.00] 0. sel 85 312 [0.012 | 0.32 10.024
85
Atlacide (b) _2.00 ol |g 5. £0 4 0.16 [0.260 | 0. 32 96
weneeide €o). sh Sh BO s | 4,460 10.12 | 0.12 |0, 320 7 | 27 |
8/20/31! atyacide vice eee 2.70| | 1.40| 32 | 1,792 0,12 | 0.72 0.
8/20/21; Atiacide (bd 2.70 1.00 61 218 |0.016 | 0.31 10.043 | 0.84
0
Q
1 g/20/s1latiacide (bd) 3. 40 5.75 a4 _| 5,301 |0.068 | 0.11 |0.20 | 0.37 | 100 05 %
Cy1e ____ | 8/20/3)| atiacide 3. 40 1, 60 20 | 1,740 |o.08 | 0.09 |0.270 | 0.21 | 99 7
B20 7/18/2)| Ammonium thiocyanate 0.45] | 4.50] 173 | 2,260 10,03 | 0.39 |0.014 | 0.09 | 58 a |
[B20 7/24/31| Amm nium thiccyanate + Glue(c)| 0.4510.05| 2.25| 69) | 2,247 |0.00331 0.10 10.002 | 0.05 | 46
ayy, 7/18/21| Ammoniun thiocyanate _ 4.00 | 126 | 3,540 |o.03 | 0.11 |o.040 | 0.15 | 82 7
B21
1 8/24/3)| Ammonium thiocyanate 5.90 51 5,350 | 0.098 0.09 |0.130 0.16 16
2 i
sii P)AG | ah ieee iam ad peyannke" 6.00 | 117_| 4,070 |0.05 | 0.12 10.140 | 0.32
40
7.79 | so | 3925 [0.13 | 0.09 Jo.ss0 | o.24| 96 | a2 |
| c21,¢ ‘227 | 8/24/31} Ammonium thiocyanate
1, Ammonium thiocyanate
OT! 2 5.00 Results very poor; no date taken.
100.00l_ 3.75 ss | asso [o.oce | oar tomo Lora} es | ai
Cresylic acid 98.00]2.00| 3.00 | 475 0. aes [o.042 [1.07 | 28 | 18]
Cresylic acid Qp 4,00 0 99 | 1,0 = fono7a | ose {a To
Phenol 93.00/2.00| 1.38 4,250 0. 024 [9.08 10.160 | 0.20 | 16” 0
yr idine 98.00/2.00| 1.00 3,158 0
g/20/31|Purnace o11 + Pyridine ool s.00] 3.00 Fea cece ae
L POISON IVY a _
(ere 7/20/31 Atlacite 1. 40} Q.12 | Very little reduction in number of plants.
| 0. BO Q, 25 a
[5 7/20/31 at acide 0. 45! 0.25 Very 1ittle reduction in mumber of plants.
a 8/6/31 | Atiacide [2.70| 4.25 estimated 98 to 99 per cent kil}.
[eee | 7/20/31 Ammonium thiocyanate 0. 45 Very little reduction in number of plants.
Le ofzefsiamontan vikeevanate. 2.00 0.75 Bstimated 85 to 90 per cent kilt.
1 | 7/20/ 21| Furnace oi) + Cresylic acid 98.00| 2.00] 0.05 | Very little reduction in number of p’ants.
(a) Concentration as given for o11 sprays is per cent by volume.
(0) Buffered to pH 6.5 by Chipman Chemical “ngineering Company.
(c) Seedling plot sprays.
(ad) On plot outside experimental area in Mr. George Irwin's pasture.
(e) On plot outside and east of north end of experimental area.
Annua? Report 1932
H. R. Offord and G. E. Draper
/
raw
Or
C8)
Examination of the data in Table No. 2 shows that for Atlacide
(0.89. to. 3.4. paunds. per. g@llon of water). the requltant. per cent kill varied
between 22 and 100. In the 1930 tests at Maumee, Atlacide (1.4 to %. 4
pounds per gallon of water) killed 98 te 100 per cent of the tushes. The
same year sodium chlorate (0.45 to 2.7 pounds per gallon) accounted for 11 hy
96 to 100-per cent of the bushes, Several reasons are advenced to explain — ili!
_ these apparent discrepancies, The unusual drought experienced at: Mewmee “at
in 1930 undoubtedly contributed in part to the mortality of busies.~ It is
also true that the bushes at Memes were generally such smaller and less
at ‘those treated at Pennsylvania Furnace. Perhaps the most
rtant etor which influenced results was the lower dosaces sed at
Lia a Furnace, For the above mentioned range of concentrations,
_ lacie was used at Pennsylvania Furnace in dosages varying from 0.04 to
0. 84: pi per,100 feet. of live stem, At Maumee, Atlacide was enplied at |||!
. te of 0.80 to 1,26 penal. per OR sa ¢ iv. ia for ‘the concen- - |) in
Ligzatiee Fraps nated above. cee | |
meres heuer Jomtoaten eee wag hae ee | first a ‘abe ee eer |
Cae in 19 . Reference to Table No, 2 shows that the icii}ing action of |
-@queous Atlacide or ammoniua thiocyanate | Spray.on barberry is determined? © |||
““partly by the weight of chemical per 106 feet of live stem and partly by
» the, concentration of the spray. solution, — Apparently there exists a certain
minimun concentration for effective spray work. Data in Table Wo, 2 show
that csgeeageeanaes _— is less texte — for pene. than sodiwn chlorate.
ya rc ae ‘he tacts “r the yes. wae at Wako tania Fisages and ‘the Wit
1930 tests at Maumee, oil aig can be tonip cond ruled _ of consideration ai
as = ie poebip a : ms gleen be. woll eee 4 ont ne
cawe’ $07 a le 20, ‘limited hime porns man. ‘porers: anise two ebuehaniv vere. =
tested, by. spray. application ab Pennsylvania Furnace in 1932, Efferts were
oon to.a study of the minimus anount of emoniue thiocyanate end
m.Chloron, ® pre ary, chenical,, required. per 100 feet.of stem te
The latter chemical —re wos tested lergely tecavse of
the: cledms, pdvanced: by its, mamufecturer,. The plan of experimentation nie
| the application to different plots of one concentration and different:
| >Lume 8 of... solnt ion,» 100. feet.of stem. The method was not entirely
successful as consi: rable difficulty was encountered in making the punp
consistently. deliver the eame volume of solution with each stroke. Hed time
permitted, it. was hoped to. make. the exoeriment extensive enough to. show the
most. efficient. concentration end the. mininun poundaze of chemical: per adh
feet. of stem sem eee weeks bine Boni & een a worsesy: of. here
SARATIRERS Ss Biwi mek. me +7
as Sa Pe ape ie ee
Pa. (EAS AA DRA aL f
a
shioalté tot gadd ewods & .oW8f elds? ai atsh ed? to aoltanimaxd
beftsy [ibi tmag teq tasdiseor oft (t0etsw to molien req eabasog 2:8 of 8.9)
h.2 of A.L) ebkosivA ,eomrsli ta etdeod OFOL adt al .OOL bas SS seowted
eit .eedend add? to dneo te¢ OOL of BC belli (xetaw to solieg toq ebamog
sot Betesrosos (aolisg teq¢ ebawog T.S of 8).0) etoaroldo mribos Issey emse
ntelgxe of beonavhs sts exosset I[ateve® .estend edd to ine teq OOL oF 6°
seuveli ts boomoitsexs sdycot) Lesemmy efT .eelousgetoeth tnetaggs osedd
et $1 .eerend to ysiledtom edé of disq at Sesoditisos yLbetdmobay OSeL ai
s20f baa teliame doom ylistones stew senwali te sadesd oft Jadd ord outs
geom edit sqadtel .eosatyt stoaviyenoed fa bstsett oeodd aadt esotcaiv
$a boast e@wecb tewol edd esw odinect Seonerital doidw totest taattoqml
-eaotiaténgesos to syiurt Sonoltaen eveds edt tof .sosmtl alasvivennet
ot SO.0 mot? aatytsay eegeeod af eonntel stasviyaanel ts Sear esw ebiosltA
ts Setlows ess ebtos{tA ,semval t4 meta evil Yo seet OOL t08q shasog 48.0
-~xeoxeo eff tot mete evil to test OOL teq ebacog B&.f of 08.0 to stat edd —
.wods Seton epast moltat?
sicevivenas’ je amt? setit edd tot beer saw stanayooids mrinomma
to aoltes aalkiité add sadd awede 6 .o aide? of sonetetei .[60L af eoartet
Hemisisded el yrtedtad so yatqe etencypotd? ainomm zoe sblosita esoanps
yd yituaq bas mete evil to test OOL tsq¢ Laoisedo to tefytew odd yd yittag
xtagtes @ adaixes stadt yLtaetsgcA .aolivler yetqe edt to softtettasonos sds
wode & ok sidsT at ated tow yates evidootte set aoltatiasomoo aumiain
eferotds metbos nadt basog tot Sayogq ofzod eeel ai stansyootds muinomms jad?
ait bas esemst atasviveanes’d ga eteos ([59L sdt to elead sd? 20
aofterebienes to tvo bale yletiaiteb od cao aystae Lio , seme ts eteet 0S@L
toons naliiinl es
GSCI ph span sigeyiveanel $s asuiajieba etoomtiegx? aatyeige 7
eiow elsolmedo ows yiao ,teweg asm bas omid botimil of gatwO
stew 2370%t% SEL al soasts't atuaviyeaneS da seotdavilags yatqa yd Sotesd
bas etansyooid? mlacume to davous mymtaim edd to yhvte a of beaitaos
o¢ mate ‘to deat COOL teq Gerinvet ,Iaotueio yisteitqetg & ,notoLi oxrlo led
to vsanaoed ylegtel bedeet asx bavoames iscimends sedial edT .dised emane
befisa nottataemitegxs to asiq edT ctetistosivasm ati yd beonsvbs amtalo edd
dnoiettib bea soltertnesnon sno to atole dmetsttlo ot sottsotigqa eft t0%
ylortiae jon eaw boddem iT mete to feat OOL 19eq meligios to semlov
qevg edt entiem ot betetnvosse aa Yiinolltib sidetabieasoo as Inteaeoore
guid bet .exorde dose déiw sotisloe to emufov ames elt toviieh yLinese tenon
fit woe o¢ dycons eviensixes snemitecne odd adam o¢ beged aew Jf , bettintec
OOL voq facimeds to agahascy mrataim odt bas notiatinsenon tnefoltic Jeom
ezadt to yismure w eevig & .off ofdaT {fbf ste{qmoo 10% mete to seek
inom itogns
pore in 1922 a
Gakeiun
“Mase.
© thaa’spraying. Sodium chlorate, amoniun thiocyanate, ,ané..Calciun Chleron’.
owere’ selected for é. » Field: ‘trial of the effectivenses of,9011 applications.
hy. rietary compound, wat included.in the. experimental _
tests to evaluate th 2 attractive week IKMiling properties claimed by its ~
urere, Preliminary tests, however, did net substantiate some of
re ‘these claims. It is very “objectionable to handle either ss a°solid or in ©
)_polmtion teceuse ofthe evolution of copious fumes of chlorine. gud,
consequently, ‘gannot be considered asa To substance for ‘future work
Sis the chemical SMM HBO Dt of barberry.. “8, ‘
Sodimm chlorate, solution was, amiiei. shyt. the. akg: of the bash
oa iat
“by means of a en pe spray unit.” “The” whirl disk was removed from the»
% f more rap id flow of. solution, © To minimize the fire
iggy me and Caleta ih sna were eppitet in similer
: - Considerable Le tone tia was given bi oil, perth seas of bhient eat ;
a at in solid andaqueous form, since earlier.experiments indicated that a method ||
| | Dom- ef seal treatment would’ require less ehemica). and. would involve less. labor ©
v
gard, all of Pas soil Dep liaatiene of sodiin chlorate were mefie in aqueous |
| 188-928 _ Solutions, containing not: more then 0.89 pounds of sodiwn chlorate per
||
; fH | I} (heltacd 3 ae ere
| | | Sotfocs xis dman
508 SUGAT
MARTSS Clu iiss on i situs
a (Recut : a ea fam Mad a
2080)
ait.
edt | |
eT].
i} | eek Golan)
Nt {Loe dmed> | te%.
1OOL xeGj'OOl
7 é 3
peal) a be ie
bia neeo ont cf mee vate 98.
; LOTS
ae
6. japt 3 2
ee ee
ibis iteds 26 to; 00 oatd heetgad sie add we pha tects been _yeatetgers *
i. oo = e8am
8% soomufl stosy iyense9 ta Asset r0 ont stasutvocxs i sots teo8 Joa Loe oi
| ; Et
| aoe to sotisoliqgca {foe ot re sow goljnetis old ere bbaaso de
| Doddem o gedit Sodantbul adasmttegxe teiliae eoute ,mmot sucespsbas biioa at
todel exaf avlewat Bivow bie Iagtmede “eest etioper Ainew tasadteet? Ifoe. te
sotold) myrisiaS bas ,etanayoolds carkapoma ,adetolia sythot .yatyetqe sad?
en6itsotiggs Eee te seetey! soeti4 aiff Yo feiad Hiei? w ret ‘Betoelee oT ew
| ‘Tadnentteere atid at Bebtinal ecw , bavoomée Yiste rqetg ® ,ROr0IdD ovtotes
att qd°henisio esitteqoty gall tht toow ovitsathia ‘at Bhar ove of egegt
to sie Stettastedys Sor BIS jtovewed ,atoot ‘“teckat ford: evourjes tras
ai to Biles ses tadtie 6lbead oF eliancliostds Ytov al 3i .embefo “a2 4d
,bee eritoide to eoewt asolqeds to aottefove aff to seregef nolivlos
aor ow _ Tet ented ad ne Eas tes ang” a @n Sevghianon of tobasa” eltienp dando
i : erie tad +) cotssetqaee fas tues. oat itt
oe a
tee bo
oe
HR | iiasd eit $e itad ord tases pir iogn’ saw nobtotee otto tits: perry te ia
Hh saidv meri Bevemot ese werh Itidy ed? “lt taw Ystqe aseeqard 2 to snteor vd
if Orlt sib eetmbinte of Mokteide to wort Steet erém weTl# of elsaca Yige
li arosups af sham etée etatolas athe t¢ sHotdsotiqad Fes ‘edd to Tis brarad
teq etetolide mriboa te ebouog 08.0 aed? etom stom gutatatacd’ ‘edetdetoa
i talimte af Sailoqs grew moreid) myfoted bas edaneyootdt saurincomés. collay
fashion avd in the same concentration. Since previous experience showed
that ammonium thiocyanate was less toxic than sodium chlorate, the former
chemical was vased in larger ‘quantities ‘per 100 feet of live stem.
<amaboiaw “gett ep Pheseteut of the ary form of these chemicals were made
according +o the technic used in the regular salting treatment. In the
1tcation of solid ‘amaoiiiwa thiocyanate the dosage was prescribed partly
on the results of leberatory tests on the comparative toxicity of sodiua
chloréte ‘and ammonium thiocyancte and partly on the results of some
liminary field’ ‘tests made ‘by Dr. W. W. Melander, State Barberry Leader
of ‘iiznesota. “Although application of solid sodium chlorate cannot be
sentient for re; field use becase of the fire hazard involved, 4
‘bushes were” 30 ‘treated to “Complete the series of experiments on &
comparable: padis.
apie, ee "ere “ait in —" jieviien Draper from perform-
Sib laté-season check on the 1992 experiments at Pennsylvenia Furnace. A
sumnary of these experiments is presented in Table Wo. 4:
SABLE NO. 4
APPLICATION EXPERIVEW?S UNDERTAKEN AY PENNSYLVANIA FURNACE
PUNNSYLVANIA, IN 1922
A Live
| Cone. [Stem —
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mote Svit Yo toer OGL eg aelettnesp renter SE Sear ese Leo bnedo
ebem stow elaninedn saedt to mrot yb ad? to enottantiaqga [tot
end al .inembeerd gatclae tategor ent af bent siniined ent oF gaprossa
ylittar Seditseste eew sgee05 eff etazusyootds mvinewma biier to a0 lian tiqga
mrtbee te ysintxe? evitatagmo edi go ateet yrotatedal to eimeot edt mo
emne to etlvee; adj ac ylting bos etansyooliid atv rocseme Dre, edet0 Ilo
te6se) yrredisd state .teinsled WW. .w .xd vd ebse eteod dLalt fexq
ef Jouiso ede@toldy atitboe Silos to woltsailoon sgwods ia odor enti Ro. |
& [bovlowet Strasse otf off to Surccot eer brett tairget tot Serahtenco
a nO etasatenccs te eolter ead stelqace ot Matec oe orow — wat i
. ~wroh tse MOTs Tegetd ors @tencpeix al ‘ipaiaieda Blekt A: f ce
& eal steay yeened te etuembieqxe SfCf ‘edt mo needs monass-etal s gat “
18,04 efdel ak Hetneeesy ak aiid one iit, ha Sracee! ;
. . : a? * : Cs wate d ieee x», Ey
RQAMAUY ATRAVOTCUMR 2a DnAnaEEY eretisT ;
Ser Tae d Muay iveiuns
at | .ef60)to soak) owt (pueda aldarabts
Leo toed Postc® | Setrow > node | +t wmoedhe? covmens b
QOL “S) To feos toot] ther? vernon BEDE Pee
to toot} edit tbotaet?) be< j-teerl) addi oo o>
y | ‘evit ‘Hemddteterp@ frsonta; Be f° taap”
ast. ase. me ‘tan -{ J3 8 = ge se ite fagrgt fam
VLG ee
ye in 1932
arther riments were undertaken in which heavily paraffined
par dees were applied to cut-off stems and then filled we ‘concentrated
aqueous solutions of ‘sodium chlorate and aumonium thiocyanate. ‘The in-
consistent results of earlier experiments suggested that a lethal dose of
copper conplex had not been attained; for this reason, both the mmber of
tubes and the quantity of chemical per 100 feet of stem were doubled and
trebled over those used in 19351. Sodium chlorate was not used in the 1921
experiments. Atlacide was given a trial, but it apparently contained
insoluble ingredients that prevented the solution from entering the stem
readily. Concentrated sodium chlorate solutions were given preliminary
trial in 1932 and they compared so closely in the rate of entry with
concentrated aqueous copper complex that a large number of bushes was
tubed. To determine the relative merits of sodium chlorate end copper
complex, they were used in about the same quantity per 100 feet of live
stem. The results of these tests are given in Table No. 5:
TABLE NO, 5
SUMMARY OF ION EXPERIVENTS PERVORMED a? F
PEMISYLVANIA, IN 1938
Used
adavate
Shel gh sopra’, sii: oevivesce! j2 sestebey. gsnos
boulTistag. 4d brasd sig iiw at acdadreoay. oxen eiaomtrecse nekhut. oh
bedatjaconoo détw Sbeiltt aedt base emote Tto-duo of beilqgsa etow acd r9ce¢ “4
-pi off Vetsceysolst evigomum. ine eisiole> ouibee to. ancksyioe siroempe i
to nog, adiel « Jedt bodaopaee atagntieqee telitas. te. giivest. taateiencn
to. tedsum edd diod ,mogset. else +02 jbeniad ta. aes ios bed xeigano, tequoa 4
baa Seidvoh e1e~ mote to dsst OO. teg ieoimade te. iiuam. eds. hos aed sd
I8OL od at Seay ton sew etetoiee amtaot ..1E¢! at bean geodd 19v0.boldext
banlsizoo yl IRC BIGS gk dtd feted a novia aaw, ebloadé4s .sinambregze
wots of puttajae att cottvilos odf batusyene tadd stastborant alésfosat
yisciailsty ceriy sipw.ameiiosea ateteidg avtbos Seteziasone)....ylibact
ditw usige to stat eddot qloaols. oa bersqmes, yods_ba4. GEOL. asd. dabed
aan second to *edann at a ted? xelgaen teqgeo suceupa Se¢erdasance 4
aeqycs bas eberelda mriboe to etivem syttelet edt eniaeted oT .bedud a
avil.te test OL Taq Yildesup ome edd trode ai Doug. stem yod? xelqmoo 1
a sitay xi sev ha. ote. atead, ea odd, te. OARS ORE: ete
“a ou Syaay
SOMME ATHAYIGNRAS ‘ty cus cue ets Pecornsned ISAO 1 <O TeAMNTE
poke A A NE ER. tc MT
betigqgda ysis
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—, is Geet RS ON
19% dug bon. suyloV | daorT igederd ico” mi
to '‘COLi-imeti! -giot) Sea- |-teaorT| toep to ata
be a nd | woke Taeedl | be | WW |faokmed)| eoligaa; tolS |
so Sexo | 20 See tel mir jomm Loy | a 6 ete te~ jetted
® ns peas | 88, 18\%
etatolde; 5,08 |
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Wueig JO WOR “MOL BOTT 4eer 2 OF BT 488ST 4B UAeD
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wos 200% g JO SOUSRSTY 09 PoUaRSeTG [lee eoezzne a0Teq ,OT| —
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~2q ,OT 2008 at ot “amon mo 2 400s auc mnokeq, Salyer: 24
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suo <9 p _va/T 300% peas = amore # ae _ aug enews lk ad 9
*UMO1S wory 920s fe 4 a pest "eoazans soteq. a “z090u8yp
sa/T 3002 ouQ ‘peep ATei;4ug "“WmoLD May Qaey Ge 04 2
pue tas pat a Bedied td ov tT ae eae hess deeee
: iz 0 Ge
z0q30 of toate oe $3002 ‘ered Neeera eas gees
€ Pues SdFJINS AOTSG 49 * peqowerg yon ‘segouatp wb /T 400,
seyjoury “ysaq JO epys TT BO mhOZa WAZ 4aezl 2 04 #q pus
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je uoy4ae auyttTy oa FuEZeD uous wMOsD- wwe ‘wue48 99002
Ily “@oezane oT oq om corte. 00x dey ‘evezaus 04)
@S0TD 4002 srrees T ‘abe eue wi ; boa a re nhs nit
you a0 paxotos stp Ketek sore) wao25 pmose S300.
Suypesy pue. sy007 Trewg: ““@BT 3S40l ye 81004 ea wy O4UT
UROP POTITA Pay TeOEMAND ‘“WMOED 04 asoTo Syo0ys dn Pes ~
pues 7001 ah/T SHO pe go0r 4B/z eu. “magshs yo0z ext {-TEr
— => pd eae aod pees ze sae oot :
ee SS ee
ry rw ot o ISE
athe rie @ Svisra of eaolo
feo toot "B\i eno Sas foot "8\S enO .asteye soot aii f~sst
mwob befftd bad [actmed) wots of seols esoode gz gak~
gutbest Sag, ctoot fiawé ."8f sesel te sfoor omtal ods otnk
fox Yo berefooets yLisi¢teg toitis ewote Danoita eseot
a etestia
ssolo door geibset [leer eno yin .doot gad isoltvery agiad
[iA .soePrite wolod “DI hbednasid foot qaT .ssatawe of
to cobtes gaiiipl offatted wcda atom bas ,emede ,etoot
a siuvotce wocts
sostive woled toot emo tetese!S gi WE\f foot sao beddtseat |
qedtenk .depd to ebte {Lfdqs ac avots moTi gest © of #S bus
| 8 bas eomtewe woled "8 .bedonerd doum .tedomeid HE\L toot
‘| sedto of .baxesioald yLeritas ezoot gol meets mott tsek
i re '%o sbte tadt ao diged Jedd of Soitot edoot
baa eostiia wolfed *S xotemeld “A\{ efoot Lstevee betdtasnl
s\c goot on@ heed vylotlind .mwota mott test gS of S|
wots sort geet 46 ci aw Sae% .sociiwe woled “S redomst3|
<a peieii psy if daiteg Jad} Suovedt
t exo 1ofemets "S\f goct wotl gaimoo 2tnotqe to grotg vad
od mace atook sworn mutt fost $6 dae sostave woled soot
leg “Of toot "“8\% ox .owots mort doot ens beoyed avils ed
xsiqmod teggo?
xES
a
Ea? aria ona
[Sraneyee
wots mort fest #5 Jesel ta Sseh sostive wol
fesd to eble Iiidar no beroqee etooll |stanayooid? astcommn’
lsoxt feet S$ to esuatets of heawisaid [iow sostive woled “OL FOL
| “8 qsutalfsotmeds to soasbive wade adcot [isms ome® ,nwoTd
| mott "8f Sopyed yretel soce tease {tte eafide awots sort
i_soatie eds to 8 witste ots ef o0% oasis To ewok .mwOt BS me — _| |
| Sefflh .deet gad ts lsnlhacateg eatal af gh gasiq stitakjeteneyooiat mpiseome; 2 j3C iss \es\r jse\ar\s) |
donatd te geo .mwoto mott test S of "SI fase ts mach FOL i ; | |
i gwots moti feat S of "Sf bel iil asoot} ceiage eee eed a i
nar alee OS nn I ea A
|
4
i :
ae een
niece
are gio alan ve ebtain * sane » preliminary. idea of the ‘dength of time
vata’ certain chenicals rensined.as toxic substances ia field soils, square
- foot plots were treated with 1/3,.2/3, and 1 quart each of 40 per cent |
. solutions of the following chemicals: . amnoniwa,thiecyanate, Atiacide,
and sinc ammonium chloride. The plots were treated in August, 1931. . Beans
were Planted) in these plote on July 9, 1942, and notes were taken three
weeks laters ‘The beans genmineted end showed. cood growth on all.plots
thexoepbcthese: treated with sinc amonim chioride. On these plots many of
the beans molded while those that germinated had thick, club-shaped
radicles.and short branched roots. .The leaf stocks were very short.
ae aneeins ‘tees Rear to. vere numerous Geinteaie have been testel on
“common shane at Meumee, Ghio, and Pennsylvania Furnace, Pennsylvania,
by several methods of application, With the results of these tests at.
* hand, it‘seemed advisable to undertake an eradication jcb with one er more
. of the most effective chemicals aécordine to the best known field practice
foreach chemical, Sodiug chlorate and a@nandnium thiocyanate were finally
-oseleeted as the best chemicals for mech tests. Incidentally, preliminary
data were to be ‘secured: for comparing the eradication cost by chlorate and
thiocyanate with that of common salt. An area at Meunee , Lama wes chosen
the ur. ied mal yatets for: ‘the: ee -fteke: nat, ae ae bye:
Fag ¥
lamadin te} ‘hsctee ef: a ke shhentibe as @ mee killer has: cain open te’...
‘eseneceriticiem on account of its toxic properties te animals and the firs
hagara it creates, To minimige these dangers, & concentration of 0,89
pounds pér gallon was not excceded for any method of treetment.. By using
°,@ subsurface drench: it was thought that much time could. be saved end hg "
fosipechasant: gis aangee te: satock: opeka be peti shinineteds er
meat me ae a ee BR RE ON RE, BS ans rie
Plant an _oenen ite thiocyanate is one of, the newer cheminole +. be pe on |
Rides inl barberry, and although its toxicity had not been fully demonstratei|
for barberry it: was included in the field demonstration beezuse of its i}
9 -@e sirable poperties.as a weed killer. Among these might be noted low
toxicity to animals and non-inflammability. It is also an excellent
agricultural poison since the toxic effect on soil is quite transient,
After the thiocyanate has decomposed the products of decomposition exert a
beneficial action on the soil. In the early stages ef toxic effect a
sterilizing action on seeds has been reported. These favorable properties
place ammonium thiocyanate high in the scale of acceptability as a substi- i’
tute for common salt which is now used in very large amounts to ensure kill, |
292
ad$p tec © oixot dite betes “af etolS at bs
ont? to ttawel S49 ‘to se6i yteetetfetg sae uteido of zwsb16 at the
oisvpe ,afkoe Sfolt at seonefided sixet es bentecwt staytmeris mtetro pads!
faea-4a¢ O02, to dene Mang I Sas ,E\S .8\< Mite Sosvgortd otew etolg toot
hinalté (stanswmold? sxtdbdamm, ~“:@Iaoinedo suiwollot etd? to saoiteten |
exnge .sROk (tatrgcd al betact? stew stolq: edt ©. eb itolio ‘motacems oats baa)
egitt melee etew soton bag .Sh0L ,© ylirt mo Bicig sepdt af begaala etew
atolg Lis so Mdworg boos boverle bas Hotenterey east eft .aetel exoow —
%6 you efolg s#ed nO .eblreld> marinogna ona citto boisest @zant tqeoxe «
booete-delo ,aoli? Sad Setentores Jacky aawid ofthe bebiom Braed end i”
—“lgtode prev etew vaocte tas ed? edowt Beonerd Prose, Spa eolothar .
BlQl wt eid oeaweh Ja nertatrgon
ao Begaed fe5d evad elaoliust> arorancn etaoy ows dust alt gon rare, ‘a
eksertivgsas4 eos study fyerned Ena ,otd0 ,sesmat ta ytrodesd Mommag |
ka agaat ocedt To atinget e4f de woidadtfage t6 abadtom Latoves W
"0 2 goatd.
sake
eres te soo Stiw dol sotéiapibane 6 siaiteiad ef older ivbe bewtve ti .dasd
soiteste bist: awodx deed at aq) wxiProads aleatged> oviiasite Jeom odd to -
qifastt siew esansyoolds ae laome bas odeteido alice .ieotatrip dose 10% es
wishtediotc. Ullsinetiog!.. .2tred sean ack efsotserdts teed edd ee besoolos —
asa. eietoldo YF Taco setfasisets sft gaitsgmes 161 Detiose ef oF stew Riad.
nescdo 340 ,ck4D .goasra 2 asta wA | .diee mommoo, To serlt Stiw ejanayooldd —
oe ess Sat Bott beeognse edt rey tetel 40.0 tM vd |:
of gogo seat ead 1elfin beow & 45 etatoids mrthos to ean edi. | Foe
erit edd bas slomine ot waliteqete eixod adi to sagoooe so mfoldixe ems”
08.6 to sotjarinenace 2 ,etegash exsed? exiatata of eodagts 2f insved
nate YG .dapsdaerd to boddom yas tot Sebesoxe ton saw sollag, req sbacog
‘eit Sana bevek o@ Sizep omtd Soest ject degvedd eae Jf doneth’ soxtivadim 3.
b@tanhatio yleatal ef bivon vote of tegnsh baw esgea @tit
i} x0 best od of alapimeds tows alt to suo et etanaybotd? mrkseamA a
PU batact teccoseeS yiist aged ton fat yslotsot eff dyvotits bas eerredtad 58 29d ih:
ask to ouimed mottettesomed bfett edt nt beberiant saw df yrredtad <0? .
sof wedon of ¢eigim ezend gaomk .zeliit beow # Be estireqoupeldariaeh —
faelieoxe ae oele af $1 si itdesmeDal-cor tee aiaainae of ystoizot —
winotagerd effop ef [ice ne tostte ofsod sft sonte sogtog Ieaitivattza ©
s dtox® woltiaegmoed to etosiotg sit besogmeced ead ataagypoiss ald tedts, .
e gostte atzot to eayete vitae od? al” .ftoe Sdt ao sottos falotiened
aariiaqete sitarevet seth Lesrget sgeat eect ebsge me mottos pateiitvess ©
| -£tude o aa yslitdestqespa to eisse odt at daid edanezcsots) avimoom spalg.
}| iit ertaae of etatoas egtal wrov ki beaw wot ef dette tise nomen tet ots?
:
z
a
a
Ceaeag
on ee $2
ea ead
Ma ri
ay
ies 3 ree i
=.
~
i ee test “ the ipemisehal rani! or eatipniun thiocyenate at Matmee
iasidorarie ad i Uty was experienced 1a spremfing the sticky chemical
evenly around the» “crown, Since ‘small quantities of thiocyanate inset
be used if At is to’ compdte favorably on a cost basis with common salt, a
test was mate) mixtured of ‘@mmonium thiocyanate with an inert material as
& spreading edi 7} Sawdust: was used for this purpose. It is light;
absorbent and gremler in-structure end can be readily obtained in large
qpantities. Wheat Ghaff is being investigated ap a substitute for sawiust |]
Gace: ‘tt is-reagonable to arsume that the termes) ‘would be even more avellable
than sawdust in farming meen tiens,
ae ue te was aiatioat as a lockenrteee lias and as a
“4 siaction ends spray and subsurface drench for conperison with sodium
chlorate. steer? laboratory and greerhouse teste indicated that the thio-
cyanate is les¢ to
of ig aes
pen a pound shay sodimn chlorate astronger solition Ath
Bent! lextahill ba ) spray bp sie. Tor the eatb: bushes the prod was
thrast barely into m neral ‘Boil in a number of places about the crown; far
the larger bushes this er wes re by a rine-¢ of holes 4 to 5
ay: orayi frost the ba “
a ei wal a vs | dd with the eguick knapsack spray unit. ~The
. cia parts of the pie were well wetted ond in sddition the soil
ediately about the crown was soaked. Sprays, suppleuentary to subsurface
drenches, were ype: just heavy enough to ihe the foliage. «=
oo Ge
“a 4 Solid appliestions of chemical were nate with a wooden ny
tthe chemicel was § eg uniformly as: possible in a circle atout the crown
for a distance of 2 te 6 Taatee, depending upon the size of the bush. Sew-
dust mixtures wore. by hand.from a pail or poured en the crown of the
Plant ‘and aur to fom # cone with the crown of the tush-as the center,
ay
“]
;
a4 A sumry: ‘of shake excerinents is siven in Table ie. 7. Tentative
cost figures. ard i prepented. in Table. Wows’,
Paes 13)
a
senstebl dx evanayso ttt cyinonee to ober Iatetenee' edt guivee®al 0.
[actmed> wiotée edt gutbasica af booneltane ser qiivelttid efdatebienos
farm edsneyootds i sertitasp Ilere sontt “ree Yaake edd Sarots yiaove
& .¢{ac nocums Miiw elenf aon # mo yidstovet sisters oF ek gt YE Boum od
ac fettedam dren? aa dtiw séansyolds eriaozus To eeretrto to sbam aew teed
Set af oY lonomring eit tod Seer ear tesbes= cerbbem snibeowge 8
estel at beatetdo yfitaer ef fas’ bas stedoutte ei ta fomers bas Suedwoads
jetbwae tet etboitedue sas Soiapivacvat gaied wt Thetio deodt) vents ieneagp
afdallavs oxom neve of 2irhw nentto? edt dant ontiess oF oidsuseesot BE. df oonla
. { BIR D4) Seong ety aneteo ga Beta ab gerbwas odd
s aa ban toaeth ehatresdye aes bellqqa anw etzmaynoidd miroommb 000%
eathoe dgiw-moettaqaes tot dometh eosdamedye Sas Yetqe latues sotianidmon
~oidd edd tadt Sutaolsak atead semowieoty one _yrossteds! sexth steroids
nolislos tegaeste-s,otatoldo mrihoa neadt haxsog tok basvog slcot eel ef etaaayo
al eto £05 ay sae peey eer sianeyoorlds To
no dant yates tesegams 2 dehy Shen otow anoidediiqdh: eo Simsradge: oo
fein eit Seoatget qif feety Seéeiog = Aske hot wofecetzs Isioons: 2 dotde
eax borg oft seized sellume 2c? co% pispon yas hms poteaotxe tip tl
neh tawers edd deeds seeed@ te vofewa a Bi Thoa foxvcatm otnt yletad denids
8 of & eefeod to saiy oy batuemelanve Rew dikectoovd sid? ecteed tepral ed?
op LS ee 2a Oo sop osteo adda yews madoal
en? dkocr yerge daoseqan ‘airger old aie enol aan gobyerge ie oe ;
Sios off moltibbe af bas besier ilew erow inealq edd to edraq Isiros
sontriedim of “Satnewelque sqetge bedece caw tors edb domfs yletathsaml
pegat Pes orld stew ‘od digsone yvasd dart, gohan row es erseath
singags Bakoow & dtiw eben sree Teolmern to anotivelinga Biles °o%'
awets 20% d¢eets efotto a af old inect 86 “torction eg bastae saw Leo iment wrk?
~gst feed ei te esie ons ogee anthvoyed ,sadoat 2 ed 2 te asnatels @ Tot
aft to meoto adit we Setreg to Lise @ sort bead y bebba otew eorotcio sand
aséhes ait se dat edd to arene ect tiv outeo BR aot ef Serelie bus inal
ovidadns? oN (ot sidaf nt movin et atcoiitoce wares yo eames BBE 58
oe. PRIA GH 8 Oe didet xt Sodnenvig ets. we tig! #aoo
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——
ays wMPoOE
| ent? gatlecd| etal
. tf ~daort tot} to ad daar t} begastTl
GB tS 0s {eo tmad ae “stapps|
cutamt 80H) bool _jmedausi 2082
O f8i
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eseroida mer COOK
Jet ao Saurog req 400i te Berg tt ino Emecdto to s209 (#}
qesoite s ea Ssev atria dasa tog 16.0 -(é)
The data for cost of chemical per mmsh as given in Table No. 8
indicate the possibilities of ammonium thiocyanate and sodium chlorate
for field use in the chemical destruction of Marberry. It is apparent
that the quantity of chenical used as spray or as an aqueous soil drench
ig considerably leas than the amount necessary for application as a solid,
Dime. of. treatment, bas ake @écidedly favors the latter type of work,
A comparison. of. the, effectiveiess of the different types of treatment should
‘be made next sumer tefore deciding on their relative merits. Wo monetary
value has been given for the labor as the work was done without the
Assistance of 2 regular. crew.
Before tad, Se aie a ‘field-seale test of ‘solid applications OF ..
‘emonton, ee ae At.geemed desirable to learn something wbout the
regular salt: {used by field crews and at the same time obtain
some, data on. the quantities of salt used per bush, This. opportunity was
provided at Marshall, Wisconsin. ‘The crew of four men was supervised by
Mr. Adolph Hendrickson, Table No, 9 presents a sumary of some date taken
in the course of observation | or the working crews. ~~
EARLE NO. 9
PSM Sie ie c FOS ant Se
A c “Eo M
¥ .
SALtE¥ amealdchecestelab-elcenheatcite. hebedcisT: ‘pushes that. were salted,
y per ae rpoens as. . cle basthhe table wore: recorded #9P: omly 43 bushes...
eee
& ,of eids? at covin as dest 194 kab tmedo te tego bh perk “ot
sfarefdo athos bas stanaqpotdé sriaooms “Ge geliilidieged ed? staoltiatk
émeteggs af #1 .yrisdied te adits: jand Igotmeio edd al es Bieit xot
fonetS [lon avooups ae a8 to Ysttr 6a bear [eo tandn fo. “iiosnp edt sactd
bifer a es sottscilaas 102 Yideads un Jowets at macit neol “idersbienos si
108 Yo aqyt tettel ed? stove? qlbebioas sterowed . inom aod te omtt
Sivede taeataet$ to veqyt daersTtih asi Qo eveusyidostteé exé te ace iragaos A
yrstenom of .etisom evidalet =tady no gakbineb etotel temmme txen shen of
ait twodsiw eos saw sYio¥ add as todsal of} tet noviy aged aad erlay
werd ioe ty . a poneieteus
Seel af os
to aaciiaotiues biice Te ined 9 fsipe~bEet% & ee © eroted
ait geods natdtesoe arasi of oldatigal bameog 2f sianayoo tit ht oom
ateido ents mse sdd tahoe owato Sletl ~é bexm-ebergem patties raleges
asa utieesieqge aiit dag teq beard lag t0° eei¢isonrs ait ao stab smo
‘dé decivreqee asw sem tot ‘to wenn aft “ianonei® .Lfatesei te babivorts
netlet sta5 omos to Viammtrs 8 elaesetq © .of efdaT .sondottSaeR dgfobA 1M
aH HED sakirow ond to saliorieg @ | aqpwen agit mk
Seel ff LUURA UI RKOOET jueamenay
| a ae a’ Fe op Estet
jte seo8) add aod 4 > Savor’
| owns $fo8| dise| dedet | costae |
to .edij sedd «st; tel est dneem aelerzopa) |
Isotmedd| teS jetacpi "oor
fiat 1 (ometo of [s
| Agel xed) dast toot; avid q
bebtegh| bataer?
, SAG! Vs [QBHSyA| WOT) | wede |. a0, a saek 9 vue.
fie BRS 4 iS 2 b
a Pie:
OO .@3
Detiae ever tastd’ asdend SHE letes ita to. soe fon Sidon ed bieedle $2?
.escand &) ying tet haps ops' ten! eidas wits St wh ie aseb etaigueo
deh:
gdp a sumnary ‘of the date that were taken on
size of bush cfown @nd quantities of salt used in the treatment
“ a of ah fy oie bushes involved in the-field test. Hotes were taken
n 43 bushes: whi¢h were ‘considered “to be fepresentative of small, medium,
on ak ad Bp clasten of: ts... The eatire experiment involved the treatment
of 147 bushes or which 1,500 poundsof galt were needed. A 4-man crew
and & crew Peet sl two hours: on the joe, Of these plants, 80 bushes
pot, del than 0: fee tect f live. stem’ and 67. averaged around 200. The small
; wae treated with about. two-poiads of gets per bush and the large
op arama 20 rant per a
Fo Ly
Walle & wor i | in this area aitSatit was Girected to some bushes
that. om been salted im late June of the current year. Wotes were taken
on the sige of the ‘area. About, @ach Wish on which grass had been killed by the
salt. In general, the j ge pod was killed six inches beyond the outer
edge of the galt tree i “Qn steep ground the salt may be washed down so
as te kill sod ay of two to two and a mgt feet.
it Os
nib Sarge
‘eee as
} y ‘ is mel Bred eet
‘Grown Application of Solid Chex aicals Appl led by a Sel ting Crew at
y a0 aga
33 mt Wes eo’ i. sce | eee
: in or er “ss study ee the pi Npethed of solid anaonium
aa, Sgt conditions end to: compare its use more closely with
‘thatoof salt, ‘the services of a salting crew, operating out of Trempeanlean,
were obtained, A is tented arene were ‘tat aa tae reserved for the experiment
in an cS ye 6 wot ah i P ti al
et
=e
Cats
I whe “ ex ipitineal was “bendithed ‘| G. t. Pricer, eatikad by
ir, ¥, 0, Tayler tg Sartore State Leader, Mr. Eri¢cson, crew foreman, and &
crew of four fa The experiment, priest il ane L di rected by Mr. F. C.
Meier, ve performed on September t
A ia ares w selected whieh — te ‘ pohalstea into chain square
riot oi, Antena ta were then treated with ammonium thiocyanate and
tas plan of application was adopted to redvee as much as
songs such variables: aS en eae ane an size and maper ef bushes,
Py ;
4
es _ Instrue i dipere given to the’ Gren on ‘piepering’ chamicals,
methods of application and quantity of chemical to “be used,. The instruction
period was followed by a ‘practice’ treatneat of a.few tmskes outside the
established plots. ‘The salt was carried.in the Qustomary manner. in begs.
One 6-quart bucket waa provided for ench 2-man crew és an auxiliary carrying
unit, Each man wes then provided with ® 6-inch panto be used as
a ladle and spreader, The crew was also fastructed to work at the customary
rate of speed and to kc the salt, at the usual rate per bush,
A cumary of, tera dite ai tentative cost figures for this
oxpuriness is given. % “ibrar A Cf ; 3
0
©
20 wStet etow fac} e306 eds to ramus 3 pineeerc @ on ofdat
sreadser? sd? gt boay ¢iex to eeldtinanp bak sore to Sate dard To° ete
nowed etow eodok © ead blott ‘eit xt Sovfoent eoceud edd to’ aottroq & to
‘cethse , flare te evitetseesrget sd ot Setebtaneo go Sotdw pecumi bb no
dnautaert off Bovfovel ¢renktecxe sitine ed? .etnsig to abueslo “egret Sina
werg camp A .bobasn stow tina te eSaveq 008, f so idw aot gériasd SRE to
eolinnd O8 .esanty seeds 20° ol até co wtbed owt tneqe nanerét wers = bre
Thare en? 00S bavets begetevs TS baa mete ovtl to seeF OG madd teel Sad
egal ett bus mast Toq Silas to ebandc’ owt ‘gpode dtiw beteets gow qrorg dard
| Hand sec sbuteq 08 Sano'te’ quote’ Head
oetand ence of betoothd saw nottatdis sets eltt ab gaismow eliay - eS
genet gtew eefoK .1sey daotie edt To saute etal at Bediag aged Sad stadt
ade yd Herttt meet bat eemts doidw ao deat rae quo sere oft to onie sdf mo
“sto of? Sooved wetioat the balitd aaw boa eeatg, att, favone, ot tise
an feeoh Berlasw of Yam time ef? bavote ceets O° Vinentaet? gist ont to sate
, 299% thet a bas ows of ond To eoundeth 2 of foe Tita oF es
te vary notj fae’ Sy Bek iggk piso tem
myinoxce bifos te aokteoilova et audiast yoete of tebt0 at
ddiw ylescia etom eay vit stagmea 02 hoa sootizbeon bilelt tebay esanayooldd
saetveagmet? Yo avo getsetoqo (wore ald lee & Se gentrien add, dine to tals
wombiscxs eit tot hevreret Sus betosise stew saets eldatix&® benistdoe orev
qd aavatess \teqetd .1 .0 yd bedorbnon sew frembtegxs ody
a bos, caters? wore \RoewbhE ti rohsot etste yriedtaa ,tolyst .0 .¥ eR
Lge ol qd Begoetib. Sam Tor bextionys .dkexbiogye eat nem <vet To wet
oe oe: ee spe BP, <odinwsqeR no Destro Prag: giw {ret oi
wrote study ofst Hobivibiue ed Sivoo ieidy pedosles ose ys) er
aoe ptansyoolsd ewlnonm Mein Setaeis madd stew edoig etastatia .atoig
gs dora ge eoeber of betgahe. esw neftaniicga to wAig vt? tien Bommo
seresd to ede dae este has .omtd guitotses ee aoidelxay dome aldteaog
alacimeds. gaitagetg ao wets odd of mevig exvew enoliomttent
netourtent off been of ad Isatondo te ys itaoenp. bua mhidapilags Le ebodien
odd phtatwo oder wet c To taemabii esisoate s ud Dbewolfo? aew Sotveq
waned ot .<eanem quesetess eft af botries ew. tisk wt? Ri6i¢ bedelidiades
guiyrias yisiifees s8 22 wetD HatKS doas wok bedlivetg saw toaoed duanp-5 en0
as boos of oF nag Sahat rbal-s 2 die bedtvo td nome aew fam oad |, o hnar
qratedare ef ¢e drow of Bedorttvnt ola dew wero OAT) ebacigg baa efhel a
Mend toq e¢at fever edt de tise ed ylous of baa beoge to eter
i
i
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——
etd? tot gseteett gece ovitetnes baa atab Slert to yrsume fl
OL .of efdet at aovis at tromts egxe
=———
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SS ae
| ‘oP em to Pica 48d f% Fe poansyr: ree Jo 4809
ar on 0 ® puted asd (F0T ye eee. ¢ het chee mm yhomas ge 4805
a9 8 bo beige & 28S ae ‘ad ye toy ‘v2
AQ YP; ual SATB TSI. pre. Sg9 pare ‘sh "a9 ancien’ 3 ste ion pus “27 a 5 tes vacednes eras, So.injesedus4y
Tyos * sated. 08 3g pus * ‘md By ’ mens ~ Meortes, se ens oie Z “mie 2 to! oa 3 emvos,
(*)
todal (199 geod 4a E
t9% ererpe. fas- <eiat|
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bobpel
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tot jxe% fea jc tes tered). te add nD
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at mu: ‘auincent| —2etA|
hue... = 0,b2. _s. sd ot letenamers| xed
pawl fet | sa Sebvoser.acs VT uedgeiqe< se bab ang eee
227 a8 Gasetaneyagy sia :@Y.dks ST: : 3 Seal ap. om et Sisy getug stem?
= & "¢ a Be Oh... BE.
Pa
dok off ne Snssog hie: £01 te pores! t efansys ols? defentiveet te dead {2)
Jot, .ecdi mo Setiog Teg al 4a bowrsit 2 ise: ed deed
Bape ane ab art rdukhnens the, nin ota werkt at iidlasueal iy Aadicased
thet: thé: emount:of salt acceded: for adequate treatuwent of a bush depenis .
more on: the variation in size of crown rather than the veriation im» feet .
of live stem; This is rather’ to. be expected from the uasature of the
application: Thus; “the comparative cost figures for solid applications
of* ammonium thiocyanate, znd salt at Trempeauleaw should be examined on a
basis of square foot of crown treated. Table Wo. 10 shows these figures
to be about: the same, beth for chemical. cost and iabor cost. ‘fhe chief
advantage of the ammonium thiocyanate would be in the transportation of
much Smaller anounts of: chemical, The quantity of ammonium thiocyanate
used was about: 1/7 that. of the: salt; when mixed with sewiust the amount
of» thiocyanate applied’ was: around 1/14 of the quantity of salt. Of course,
it must be borne in mind that: the figures for both ammonium thiocyanate
and the sawdust mixture were teken from the work af eo crew that had only a
few minutes é¢xperience with a:new chemicaliand a new méthod, and: that the
game* crew wes quite. experienced in the use of salt. Phis:would increase to
some extent the time required for the: sumonium thiocyanate applications.
Attention neod hardly be called to the limited scope of: this eaperiment
and the danger of aceepting cost: figures in Table No, 10 as the: final
Statement on the comparative cost: of smuoniun thiocyanate aad sodiun
chloride.
ao ate Lae pales of: Seahas Genial ig crown pag par of matin
ti wants at Pennsylvania Purnace sent up sprouts from roots some distance
back from the cPown. “It-was also noted’ that a large bush treated with salt
had some roots showing signs of life # year after the time of treatment,
Wor this reason, e trip was planned to sevwral barbverry areas close to |
WaGigon, Wisconsin, which had been solted. in previous years te find ont if
any of these. bushes were reestablishing themselves from live reots. It was
also planned to study the effect of the salt on nearby vegetation. The trip
was conducte® by Mr. Adblph Hendrickson, whe: rane si aia gl ia gal ae
a ee eee where a hyicbssans Uae F
eae ren: aye reecated on lie Harvey Taylor's rbneh out of seuk elites
au fvubhois: were dead; with the exception of one large bush located on a
gently sloping sandy hilidide. This tush, 10 feet high with 500 to 600 feet
of dead stem, had received about 100 pounds of salt. Several sprouts were
found: on the uphill side of the bush at o distanes of 4 to 6 fect from the
crown. Bo sprouts were found on either side of or downhill frem the bush.
Va,
“te,
298:
7
, | ee eee
bejeotbot (ladere ta wtow gaitiee adtosatigh eis ams bisivcoed}
sicoceh derd o to taondsetd etawpedsa tot bebe: diss to tasomm edt tadi
Sect at notiatiey edt edt yeddar awoto to exte gt aoliskisy edt xoyeton
adi to et:tas eff movl betgnaces od 97 Sacdianr 2k tat © mote svt to
gnoigesotiggs bifoe 10t eeteeglt tacos evitatagmos ect ei? inotdaotiagas
ano beatuace of bincde ssefrsaquetT $3 Slap: bas efacswotdd minomes to
agumit ened? ewode Of .of Oida® Ddadactd dwoto Yo Poot exaupe to atesd
sotio ad? deo ‘total Sam jeep Iaakewim aot déod ease ale iveds ed of
%o motéadiogeaatéd off mt ed bivow ‘@danayoatdd carknosme @dd To egadaavbs
atacayootd? micoms te ytitnamp ef% leek mats to admwom teliana dorm
¢nrome add teroves <die bextm pede :tise edd to pads S\i donds saw Boer
eames 70 .tiea to ytideanp edg ‘to AL\L Senots eav battcds sdanayootst to
afaneyookdd amiaocma Sod x02 ectryati.add sad’. Salm Si.asred.od tema if
s vino dad tadd wero a wolttg edd mott seded. eter eurtxl@ tattbese off bas
sit gedt Baa ,dedten wes s has leo tmeds wor & f¢ie sonezteqxe sefunia' wet
ny saaatani Bisow eid tise to eat edt ai bao neltoaxe sdivpg eaw WO" ome
amottestiqgs edansyoeist aslnomua edt. tot. beciepet omit ens daedx se enoe
jnowtvecae eid? to egene Reding old od Saifao oe yihuul beas polinet ta
faxtt eff se OL .of efda? sf eerogt? teqs gciiqesos to toga of bce
agvtbes bas siaqsyookds oviaomms to teos aviiquagqaas sdf ao tromeded@
. a Ee EE WERE ee i
xiip avsk to yibotolV edt ak ompey evotvert mt begiae
We fe ce Fa seen mck IES.
ovinomus te solteotiqgs mwotp. yd hedactd sedans to ted apn & ie
sonegisib emaa sfoot mott atmotae gv sacs soarium sloariveasel 46 etanayoe tds
Jise A¢tw beteet? deni sgtal s-tadd besos oala sav-3t..aeet..cdi gott toad
deentaetd %o emis orf ¢edta tasy a etit to emgle ga wode escort esok Sad
ot saolo eacta pruedtad faxever of Beanalg sew gits @ ,mogeet afc toil
ti duo Sok? of atasy anveiverq at Seifen mesd Bad Hottie .xkestooei¥ . mob Lhsk
caw ¢1 .etoo ovii mow? wor leemeds gatdeildssates econ gauged Seedt Te ys
git¢ ad? .moltstegey Ydreen so diag add Ye toekte off. yberta of Beakale cals
og Sealytegrve ylisutalto Aad. cit oedgitbash dgiah, .i8 4d Sotowdacs aay
- gain, ad to etede egrets to ache tse
t
yeiD dust lo Jase cones we tolyst Yevtak .1¥ so befahek " Lseth |
a to betencl dead ogial ea0 to molsqeoxe os djitw bab otow eodeud [ih
dost O08 of COG lw sigtt Foot OF .danud elct. ,abialitd ghase geigola yliaey
orew edsotce Lasevet ..élas to ebaveq GOL twats Sovisoe: bat ,aete Sa0d To
ed} sort tget 3 of + So eoneteth a de desd edd ‘te ebia {i tdan eft ao baxrot
fesd odd mort Sfiseweh te to eble teitie 20 Sacto etes edsorga of nwo
_ dogated across Higuway)12,. north of Mr, faylor!s. ranch.
ey ? mg of very .large.. bushes two of which were. sending up
bate y iving reots. ,In.one,case the sprout appeared three , feet. fran
crown.on the aide. aud in another, two feet.from the crown in a
at leteret direction, The sprout from the second tush was also two feet fron
, 1.in.a leteral direction... A few scedlings were noticed en this
ine Momma ® lateme) theeet ete: Aster gee
%,
ana: Ce
a ry D, a a 4
ess ni a i “Located. £ four milaa: ‘south ‘of, Sauk “Ch ty. on ae. ‘King's
“Sas lar, ge, bush on. a sandy hillside hed several.sprouts four. to
fie en from mi arOeayen the uphill | side.of the bush, ..Wunerous, seedlings
noted es several of | the . bushes... The. ‘bushes. ia all three areas had
tees salto: St I93l. It was noted that oak, trees were very little affected
dy the t éven though it.. wes piled next to the trunk. Only that part of
yeti tyes ‘hazel brush and red cedar in direct contact with the salt had been
killed. Poplar proved to be sauewhat, sensitive end, if much salt had been
znd unera tree, dea aaah lye wesulted,., Zirch appeared tobe even
a ceptible than was only moderately. snaceptible.
cot ra inches bey ne the outer rim of the salt
tia ic gosta pare black. nightshade, and.
AT, within sueh partially sterile areas.
aa pty ‘Dest of Black Barth, on Mr. Deneen's ranch.
\.1930, . Tae soil clay, loam.in texture.. In some
. ne ra a the, hen ayer to ‘the. bash
nate of 1 the. Vicinity of Black: is “hia, arene
eo rane teropping, had. been salted in,1928. .
plier art slus, grass, and clover, were just. tats
gee the salted area, io sprouting bushes were ional
bik a sii ne Area 6. __ been ted in. the ‘wieinity. of Peculiar, Wisconsin, "hde.
aba ve one part ar interest as the barberry bushes in the area were.
town to have récei ved excessive amounts of salt. But even here the spots
that, had OEP covered with salt were. growing some clover, dandelion, catnip,
end milein. Fo. Lob blag bashes ‘were ‘noted,
Gay qbaveag ee Beh, o have Seen ca
annual x aga Z, aponbodion: bivin dex Pam near oping Deeens sRethnen
were, coming up thickly under the larger bushes even in the soil next to the
crown, Catnip and other weeds were intermingled with the barberry seedlings,
There was no evidence of any root sprouts.
2100)
Jocet a'toiya? .tM to déxvoan ,Sf yewiig i esotsa beofenet .S e9tA
ww? gctboon etew dolde.to owt eedesd oytal yrov te sedaws « Deniainos +1
sett test send} Seweccs Jwotce of gaeo S00 GE .wteot yotvit mort isdoods
2 ar users add mort gost owt \predtoma at haa qsbte Iitdqv edd ao cnwom malt
aoxv? faet owt cells saw demt Soeose oft mott teotace of? ..mottieethh iatotel
etd? moa Sesitoa otaw pst pte irk ke: in. cerhgans Iereteal a st awerts orld
i ie es ee
7
ei
w'palk oh do wet 0 pitted to ‘dibworks eatin relia betecod.. : aathe
et? tot waisotaqa Iatrever Dod abis ilid ywoase « wo demi aartel. sake pi all
onucliSsse eeoremt .yiewd eld “to ebte [ftdott edt go Awots edd mets teet evit
had aners eovie Lie ct aeraed olf vsedeod edd te fereves Sobne Seton erew
haivetts oft#iL-yviev etee eget? aise tadt Baten aaw dl 60! ai betisa oped
to axeq ted? vind. .almers eds-of deen Selig aan ff afeweds wave tise adit yd
feof bed tee et sitiw dsatgeo teotib al-sabse bet bua dagad itead ieqiert
geod Sac iiae dow tl jbus aid ismea. tadwemme af ef Sevorg talgod:: befiii
were ad of botnets dowd .betives: yilemy diseb ,eurt a tobar Seneic
oidticqesar: “ietatehom ylne gee yrted) stelgoq edt sad? eld tiqesave o1tom
tier ot te sit sada ost booysd senbal ¢duis ot als Lhos edz, Latenen al
bos. gharledigin soaid .qintad. .ofivede yilatiiaq ed of Saiseqga slig
,esets giitete ellatitag cose abddie gutwoty bare? yi lasolesono ange: mPa
Jonet e'meansd .1¥ ao ,dévali aosIS to teow botsool .A seta seta
omen ai ietateet oh mol. paso eaw [foe edt ,CoGL ah ‘hedias sax see SeLS eld?
seri ef od seolo Lice aft hesiifseda yledefquso bal tasmdisets ,zacuetuct
yt Sw —- bax beowsrams eae to efasiq [lane etodgo at oLtcdw
bi2 ay ee james EER a: ‘od: wants aren
GAB: wae: ren ina ‘40. eb tabety odd. Py bekanadc i olehne
ost? ,Q8Ch at botise need bad ypalegots tu emote emt£ a: ep et aire N
ot miimatsed devi, exer tovoln bac aeatp.enld este wvibem to wey sedan
“larmsatt orem eectnant —_re o% jeeta betias aunt pace etos slineie odd tedas
ae ptened rgginp al
obit mien: musket te mi theabeiee: edit Re pedened: .
stew aete ant al eodesd yvrredted ad? os tasted - peat or ie age : eninenat
stoge edt sted pove dni .tise Te atewors svlessoxe Serleoet svad o¢ swomi
:qtadeo. ,aoifsbaad mrenke 3 eseg gtiworg otee tlac idly betevoq mood bad tasig
‘a shen oeen —_ ee Le sy gi ane
eurbibest ameest: ap Pe area: ebteteid. go ‘ioe . ee pera Sm
amt of txem Itee acd mhigend aeteod neptel edt t9baer ybio ltd qe: Sakeoe. rege
egal fbver yruedusd oft déiw Sefgataietmat acee cheow vedto,hme qkada .aweno
.eigoige toot yes te sonebive on sew etod?
ee ra, ee Pe ee ay SN Cee eee eee ee ee eT PR Ree AR Te PO Ae 0 sak eo
In eonélasion it is noted that the bushes which had aprouted
were invariably found to be large ones growing im more or less sandy soil —
om hillsides. The sprouts were usally found two to six feet in a Hitoral
ee sp ‘the® — or on hye igi side of the bach.
o) o-@he texidity of ammonium thiceyanate showld be definitely
esteblished for barberry plants according to the following technic: (1) as
a mixture with sawiust or wheat chaff applied te the soil immediately
adjacent to the: ‘erowny"(3)" as'x supersaturated aqueous solution applied in
the shme ihanner @s (1); and (3)° as ®' saturated solution applied at a
gudsurface application by means of @ pred Poa.’ Deshger for the oar?
methods Just semErt ae showl be bdadeenr deed or
oe 4 eats of othy1enae waka’ bia on iaaaytvebee Furnecé in 1922°
sheer? this’ chemical’ to be fully effective under certain soil conditions.
Use’ of the chemicel Sppeare to be ‘Limited to those areas where a prod red
can be readily plunged into the soil. “The soil, furthersore, showld not
be’ So sandy as to ellow rapid diffusion of the gas, The “@0snze° Of ethylene
oxide shoulé be definitely established for rere ‘wits and he: “seope
oe" the’ owe mere ethrate ty: Wefinet: a wR
ve FaPthbe! Wap ckameanner ehene: be had: eee Guam. kanes ‘of
wade! chlorate applied to the ground about the base of the plant. Appli-
cations at Pensylvania Yurnece in 1931 gave euch favwreble resulte that
further experiments should dé planned, The method should be modified,
however, to @liminete the fire hezard and the danger to stock by injecting
the’ cheni¢et by Meany of a prod ‘fod inté mineral soil in # series of closely
plade@ holes within en aren of two to ‘six inches frem the crown, The |
solution should be as —enwe ed ib sence to reduces: te @ mininum the.
amount of water used,
Final experiments with the tubulation method should be made to
determine the lethal dosage of sodium chlorate or copper complex to berberry
plants of various sizes.
BN. Tentative Recomnendations for Field Use
Recommendations for field use have been given in Part III of the
annual report for this Sagan pat for the sake of PORPAET En eee they are
herein repeated.
204
betrvovce bail do friw sofeud off tadd deter at ef corer lonon ‘eI
«ffoR ehrae s8ef 10 etm at gritore pene eptef ed of Setot ‘Uidebievar etew
Lar oent s'nt test xte 6d owt bavet YFlavsr etew strowe ae bbtel ft to
sino odd ‘te obte “Eft eteas ott ne 6 wor ed ‘mort bd as
yfetintted ed Sivods id sian ily avitomn te 5 ney ate
a2 (1) sotatiost sertwoffet sil? of ‘anFitones ginsta ‘Urtedias ye? bone tidates
UfetelSsant tos ef} of batfeqa Yiats Peecie to tavbyae riiw ewizts »
bt Set leew hettslow sroeupa hetathtaetsqew @ as’ (6) jowo'rd ‘ody of Insp ats
‘@ eb bet fous ‘notewien Sedetrdtsg @ ex (5) ban; (0) es ‘wennam mee ®
_Ietorer ont rot a: bot hetq = to anes yw actias : "oiissittre
; abate Pidatee od 'b fiesta haf trgept jert, ohehe
Beer ab enniiintt stl 1 Geiciet os eben shice oixe rtd to" ‘ereer eu
sholtthaes (tee xtatres tober ovttnette Vite? od ot Tao topo eta se
Bor Bott & ered edets sebd? of het tmti of oF etsecc® Ino tate “edt %
tor BEstwts: -oremedeivt (ffow adil {tox edy odat a sige Bre ete hi
oxelynte Yo s4an6b ef® eee df to ofestt}s otqnr wolls of 2s ybas
agtns ed? bee eette oftstovet tc¥ here tidadee Yes tented ad bivoiie” a
‘. pheatted _etaumes eto Aodtem ont ‘to
Xe enortstoe ee at te ‘ae ed bivode sinomiteare seatne sili ita
“Hood desley eft 10 eed edt trodes barctg elf of pete sisreliy antboe
sasit siseeee? efdsrovat dome eves LOL ai sosrtot staavIyenies, ry “enotiao
\batttboa ed bivode Bodden ef? bermmalg od blvode efzemiteqxe tedden?
gultosiat yd soote of t9gasebh edt Sea Gtasad eri} edd etantmile ot Chang ng
Usnois ‘to aeites a st fide Ietentm otnt bor bore’ s to gasem Jeatende ’
off igvows eft wat? vatbat xte of owt To setine nintin: “Bessig
ene nave Po s oF sotto of ‘bidtaacg ae Deteticeon00 ‘ea ‘ed biwose “moigttlos
“boar ‘Tetew. te fares
ot slam ed bivore bordism softalngot wit cifw yicewiregne Legtt
Wrredtad ot noigqmos teqees ‘to stetoite me Lioe 39 e3s205 fasitet ete ontaxod
| Seale agortay to bist bg
eit to Ill dtet at covin pres pare Say blot? rot besttidesmniak
rs #:) nee i opemggeenig te: ike maine odd ated —_ a, eidd tot eget apes vec
e Peon Sara pn geet
sete sai
ig
Berbveris vulgaris: Of the chemicals thet have ben tested by
eooperative. experiments. of the Divisions of Iarberry Rradication and
Blister Rust: Contrel, #0dium chlorate is the only one ‘that can at present
be recomuended for field use, *Po dete it is the one chemfonl that has
been definitely proved by field teste: to be fully effective on barberry,
Ammonium thiocyanate in quantities about 50 per cent more than sodiun
chlorate may prow to be an effective substitute mt camot be recommended
for generdb field use wmtil, ite bth is pentizves, by. EDDA: nrretd-
mental mgr Hizative aid Se apr maven & 74 REL ay NS OS! hw
— Seay Crest ee hee the
iloes wpec or the eraddenhion ne sumer oun, pore y epi and oul bushes Fe
alld ei feet of live stem), this project. advises spraying with
‘one pound “sodium chlorate et the rate. of 0,4.to 6,6 pounds of. chlorate per
“YOO feet of Live stem.’ Large bushes should be treated by soil application
of saturated aqueous sodium at the rate of 0.2 to 0.4 pounds per 100 feet
of live stem after the remdval of Guff aid ‘ally surface litter, The latter
scheme of eradication i ooh to heave some economic advantages over salting
for numerous large bushes. The destruction of single bushes in, perks ar
‘private estates can ve:mesoupl ished. by cutting off the . bush, close .to . the.
VsrowWid ané gubsequently applying sodium. chlorate OP * sod ius fluoride ........
‘dineetly tothe scarified crown, ‘Phe dry chemical. should be. gprinkled
“evenly over: ‘the wetted durface of the crown and a1] aveilable.roots,
‘One-half pound of less of the: enerel neti dene aiing: on he sabiios aul the bush ,
shoul fad desig «sami tovensuré death... . ; iteratuye of tix
SUwjeey x oY Than OY Givaes Gare ot iene? é j ee,
Law: areyory. ghd ‘ase’ chémtcal methods “may tat ssbaisatann! ‘ua a eaiee ‘been
osurfictentiy éeHonstrated on an excerinéntel acale to-merit.field trial in
“aivferent localities one more or less controlled. besis. of-larce-sesle
Mest) What effectiverwesults can’ be expected: from the use of these methods
is certain; that such methods will be cheaper than the present salting
plan can only’ te! deter’ ned” by comparing their costs with those of ‘wisine
wen series or field’ mr ‘performed over e periad: of PARE: oF Peporttiy
BO PR Sa aa. % Riera; S ade) ae < ; ;
vadertsia by thie projes$ shiulg nneie tas rerepm e |
ie tae a ae ip i ia ag hs att eet 8 yen “y hee f < aid Fi a uae x ¢2 BEM ae a a4 es
26° Caper shasit@ dnetwie @ eanetah sie tacay b
Bi ak Bie, ms : . ,
SE FOSCL VSS, B anyrt rete of oraelons +
TE ade a i ai eit bake : g
ta i? ee. te pate Eye Lae war: Yer ana? rey
1S le ania, ge te Wes pean Mie ae ie aie: site ae “ I n i
larorentios shone Prope. Bpee ay Ip tae eee?” Senet,
% . ¥
e, f f # a ase ¥ ve ar os i y
erg & cA os it T90F ey ai a nes oy yet it % € at’ [sero tine ¥ ‘ ae
a ae o eres wis eee peels cctnn ene Reon) Be va nn ele Ju) OS eai ba cae ¥ Te Ez
yk ese a & i ana
ten
~ - “ ’ a
ne ty . er Te. ae re 1, eh ih ee
A teendearh Tore bee boon tyme we far the eect te yt be
* be t ? a ~ ; ‘
eentejeon of 611 date wertiment g¢ thm fetetia of sae
2083
vd bagesd ced eval tad? elaotasde addy 30, 28 rey Be eb 's
ban cotiagthard griaftal to anetgivid oad Jo ataonh sexe .evitatsqgoos.
“tneget: te nao dedt.cag ylgo edd el qtateidg wvibea ,lowdsod $end tedel le
eal jucd Lao taeds enovatt ef Pb-ejab.oP » seee bLeld. 10} hebasomage tas
xriatad so evisoette ylint ed of atest bfert yw bevete ylotiaiieb aved
eiheg wadd etom taes a0 08 dued 9 -eoti eave ai stanayootdg mars somo
bebxemmonet of onan fea edrditedma ovijoette as ed oF ‘w aig Yea otatoetico
-tyaque aediint yt demsbions ab. gitobros att..ditarr. oem diet? daeteneg tol
EE aa Fe: el big Rts Ee Ts 38 " PR ONS Bae AM es has pe RE
_ pederd. ica das 2ynii hese agoteams. t¢ nottao hate Old ACbs gous akin
déia satyasge acaivha gae,org aidd.,. (meds evil To fost OL mads.ge ed)
<9 stateide ke ebaruqg 8,0 of 0,0: to,.0fe0 ods, 78 sieroitg maisor basog. aco
notisotioga [los yi besaot? sd biome aedamd Gy tad, sete evil te veel Gos
fost OOL teg same $0 of 6.0 %e edgar edt $8 artbos ecvenpe betatoise To
nobfafetf> .1egelt sqatwre{facdua Tish te Leremet aii tects sede ovif To
ocitiag tao eegaisavas. olrenege asoy.eved of @iseque ugitaa soars to emesos
“49 ese ah gadeud oigaia to moisoniiesh oaF eatecd satel esetesma to?
ode of egein cue aft Bie yabtim vd Sedeliqnoase of shy setatee. oda hig
_ohbtow{? aioe te etatelio mtaoe gatyiggs yLicerpeci ne a5, bavety
beldubics of Sivois sagkmeis yuh ast: “wot beltiiace edf of. yiseento
etoot efdsiiava [ia bas awots ans Yo soabisg, Sad dew. od, 29¥0 yleove
deed off to oxte edd co gatsasced , lao laests add? te eael to Sauog Tfad-and
Mon aueite fio aay of hiheeh oturaap od daotet¥au ef 5 irode
. qeed palved 34 betebieags.od ysmrebediam Llapimeda syais. MGT) s wedi sce
ah febug biettdfism-c¢ sieoe, Jadroniteqxe 2.00 Setetigaoed yisnolaitive
-@lega-en7tal Je aivad bsilovscep 229i, 12 et0a $ H0.ae8 jifscol daetettiv
ghodtew seed? 3e sat od? mots Sefooges way edivest svitoatts ¢act,.daad
nstetes seagety act. medd teqasd,ot Iitw shodsen done tad? paiasiss ek
agkt lew toe eeetd <éte adeop ahecd poltsomms. yd benintgdes of yluo aso: malg
eiser to Boles s teve bemretieq #3203 bles? Je aettoe gk
Rick mr
‘HE STATUS OF WwVi.s1 6 TV aK IN THY phtidrtt ERADICAPT OW oy bi
AND Bid = T AND RECOM (ENDATI ONS BOR FINE. USE, re
24a ae By
hed, WS R. Offord —
Pre _ Agent Kea
Cap ° tet it Ye ‘the ‘anmal +i | for project 2,3-1 discusses the
dieitiih oF Ynvestigative work in the chemical eradication of Ribes end
barberry and @escribes the limitations of chanical work for important
Ribes species and for common barberry. It is intended to serve both as a
ed statement of the major objectives now unéer investigation, ané as
swimar in which al? field and laboratory date are brought ‘up to
eae tit he ‘form of Field ‘Fecommendations. sat, al :
teks why ie ee
wropesed % ial + so aoa! me tat
tee Wes ; Ge 64s
— he’ a tevit: prune ecueGnt eee ue uncertain Fai it
oband? Eun OR to embark on any research program of a fundamental nature
unless such work has an immediate and practical application to our control
program; therefore, the investigations to be undertaken this winter will
be focussed rather sharply on problems of an immediate ficld nature.
fon of a fundamental nature having a bearing on the destruction
of plants chemice] means will pe sought for in the literature of the
subject rether than by direct investigations of such problems in our own
laboratory. “It might alse be stated that this sharp delimitation of ©
objectives is advisable at the present time,’ Tegardless of the tuestion of
finaheés sinec the writer is anxious’ to male m careful anslyeis of all
past work before recommending the line of future attack.
in keeping ‘with the ebove-mentioned change’ in the type of labora-
tory” work, a number of” chengés are contemplated ‘4n the mannér of reporting © |
on experimental wok. In future, a complete file on laboratory investigations {/if)
vepeeseneh: maf thee: a, ‘ahoald’ ‘Séutatn” ‘the’ oitgiie information: iat
at ES Oe’
alewwht Ps “mate ipa vonowta’ Anetuce’ a dodo’ ‘apelin? sf fie rate
hares ' objectives,’ ‘a short resume of: previots ‘work, ‘and a briet’ *
the AALS Scocsigat ine of the ‘proposed work for each bbjecttve. “Such”
chao 2 larorantion: ‘should’ Boh sett Stet: in’ the’ anmaat’ Teport.
ne
05, PO" A Standard form’has’béen drawn up for the compilation and pre- |
sentation of all data pertinent to the details of each
263:
1L1 aad
gear ton) WOTMAOTARS JAOT IND mH? AI BsOW AN a cLiaaved Be. 20Bawe ae
HEU U1 Soi EMOTRACMAMMOORE Cte TERTSAAR CMAs Ose 2
: oe Mi, MRL FN EP Stee Bia a RE ye ra
" beets Po 3 re % ; : Se @ sas nies a ak
att gepatrsetd FS .S Pootors sot Ptotet Pastas gat to SE Sede oacs Se
bee padifi tc aettaoibate feotmeto oft af wow eyvidasiieoval: to andais
dundiogmh tot Brow tantwsde to emoitetink? oda esdixoeeb baw yrisdiad
a an doce evtoe of Hedustat et 31 Setisdiad gosKes wet beg eatoeqs sodin
ea Dime, rotianttesvat tebe wee aevitootde “ro (am eifs %) tremesade Taveren
43 ou tdggetd ote sine vrotatedal: bus &fatt (le dotde ch dxeget Yrseme 4
SAGES AS ve 8 pre Pt ebremepes blett Secret edd gst send
ay ge
$2 ,feeeent’ ‘ahetueona to no tbautie’ Sue estG esd Be. AMakhP edt stbo ccc oy
stiten faisenekay? «Ye meray Aereeeot era go anedey oF bosivha-{ik smaee
fesdaee swe of mo dteotiqgr’ feotinawy Sao efetbeamt os pest pitsow doure ogo taxr
Thy ve dite sidd neladyeban 9G 69 ans bvawties vat etd: qeiote tens :margorq
yepisn Bfokt asaibormi #s ty eis fdote sto ei ouates tedéan bagesool os
pobtourrsaeh aff ao scirasd Ss on ivand et aK {aseomebours & to soktawroint
eft te aurtavedif edt mi tot ddguoe ad fiw essen Isoineio xdi.sinatg to
wwe a0 oi encfdorg dos ‘to erottegitcoyat goexis vo not tonite gout dis
%o wodied bet fel quade wits Salt @etete od cata idgtn ih” yrosetodal
no etiaend edd Yo seolinages yomti sagas te ait ta efdantvha ah sovisoeldo
fra % eieetace fiftetae 2 voles od eyokace vl toting ed? oonke gomaa lt
i sstihesee emg? to ent foadé patinommovey ato ted arom 28a
wenodal Tso. sayt eid nk agnado beso timem-ave ds gad date antqoed. aloe oa
i snitieqes to serra add RE Hodefometmeo eta aeyesds to xsdmat @ )atow, Wo?
| anotdagtizevat yietntods! ae efi stof@uco a ,etrdast of cow {ataemtisgxs Mo
taoktamrotnt anime lic® es? gieteoo Biseds tneto tc oidt yo esdledrebas
pcottostizsvrl tnetotd te antadh odio dzogee A af
toatotg ol? to Inemetava sautoses @ ebrfoat Binode tegaq eid
tatid « ban .tiow esotvety to emirot dtode & ,eavisooido
foe .ovitpetdo daee tot arow heaoroavey edt to ark f tern
wieccet [sonia edd ai Te o7s eleqotg Sfuode sotdamre lak
does. aot euctiaatizeral to stiuef mo troged beliadet A a
-exq bag notiallqmos oat tot ow swend ased sak mot Srabeste &
dosa to eftateb edt of taonkiteg sjeb {fa to mobiesaes
ae
Poh sy OMe OMIA eenD. es
experiment. Detailed reports on laboratory experiments
nf fas ed aceording to this standard forg,will ivclude 2
be Si et asd {Eat of; title,. introduction, procedure,
my equipment, prozress of experiment, summary of
results, raiisedatee: ‘and recommendations for future work.
hese reports will appear as separates from time to time.
tes ‘ts. hoped. that, ‘these. changes in the manner. of reporting. on
“a ont, ‘Work will more definitely line up the needs of the going
operation with. AED STeRENT 3 work. meter teers BoM the chemical investi-
alleen pBEPSARES va
z othe giatus. ‘of ‘faxes theative: work be dissents. ahice the fohlow-
12 tuarony ne | (1) Ribes. eradication, chemical; (2) berberry eredicetion,
oe and. (8) Ribes. and. barberry morphology. Yor: purposes of presen-
redeVions: a brief summary ef previous work and. a general atatement. of
(work is eppénded to each objective under the three main divisions
saith work. ooIt might: be noted that the present resume retapitulates some
ns the.date, which have. —— Som Sarenahed relatize to werk: ay Rk for
ne Se eyeiaee Sioa hag ol? ies -
igh Ravkal anrep ea oot sRAMNG ERADICATION, GHUNTOAL
Setablishment.of the minimum dosage of sodium chlorate for.100
‘ape one eredigation of Be imerme. and B - legustre when applied (e) as.a
drench, (>) 2s.a combinetion pee oe spray.end.soil.drench, This
douare to be pabcat ea aene for the igs Sauces ores af R. Saarna ae
Pach Sones
basa: aeeitas cates ‘Phela. ae. plete om se ry deka; have. shows the
“mpractiesbility: ef an aerial epray. for chemical destruction of most Ribes;
oybut.@ high per cent Kill of oushes has ususily been obtained eiiher by
appLicetion. of chemical.to soil immediately adjecent to the crown of. fhe
oy plent or bysepplying’ chemical. to aerial -perts plus « diberal application to
vi the sofl;.in this regard the problem of minimum dosage is of paramount
> odmportanee,: clt' was: first mde a mejor: objective of field experiment at
»oBlewett Pess, “ashington during the season of 1921. Experience of 1932
shoved that it will be necessary to establish a minis dosage figure for.
vothe d4fferent ecologicsl forms of Ribes. Leboretory work of 1971 studied
- the rete of fixation and alteration of sodium chlorate and ammonium
el thiocyanate by forest soils and demonstrated that both chemicels were
/o@xcellent soil: poisons; of the two sodium chlorate appeared to be @& more
) efficient poison per Goller expended thovgh more hazardous to handle, |
i, Bxpertence end: observation of the past field season heve brought up the point |
- ‘thet,: regardless of the. ciantity of chemical finally added to tach unit area |
Pet
iw #$
‘ " F £ & xs se eng = aye m ; ‘ 5 x p = or
¢ “ 'ivae fe eas <i Ht See l Me oe e: i 4 < —) ;
Bre 5. DAE We 2 eke GS GEA Pisitese aedie. BA MEAT bd bed jhe. ee | EA oe
exp
S
{jae
ajnemiiegzs ytotatodal mo afizoget gofiagsu .tnemitegure
3 sbulont [itw aot Srebdnade aidé ot snibtoses botagetg
,owubeooug. cofiombettat.,eléit. to an kéqiunaeb. toftd |
So yrngmew , daomlt9qxe to S26t3Otd slnomatupe »eialts dan Sal
tow etwiut tot snottabsammonst faz ‘sotageyelh , 22 ivaet
sett of omit aott eotategse 8f, «neqga ILiw etecqat sent
: a # eh oe Ht
ao Batitocet ‘to ‘tenmem ed al segcado seedt sacs beqed af 31
antog add to eheen edd ge esti ylediatte® stom. i ftw 2t0w. Iainemitogne
-tieownt Ledimeds add yo atiad reisy 2tow yrotaredal ditw sottsiege Dfelt
Se ce muptereah! ot anientee eee
cwottet <dé sebow Bogasmatd ab attow gvidagiiesval ts sit9is.e4t.. fecucdy
-aoticotbate vriedted (Ss). i fenkmedo ,notisotbars edit AT). remotety?S, gah
-resetg to aeanoqieg to% eee Lacig nes, WEReEE AS bos aadti ©) bas ;leotmedo
to seamedade faxeseg 2 bas drow ano. gate to yrsmuce telid a enottad
atoteivib utam eowl? edd teans aviios{ide dose od Sebaeaqgqa 22 dx.7 bexogotg
enor sodainticaost emibet Iness 19 ‘eit dedd bodon od tdatm 21 attow to
tet oasig stiow cf aviteless iodekgtut aved ybsatla saved sig daw adm eit to
Fe oe case -dipnasaedods Ae ex aml totals yriaos es
% os UO > eee ok 4. We A ee BRAS * t Pye ¥ ero
“GAR Dias SOTO Tags SHEE gate ted pe
QOL got aistoldo autbos ‘to egsned fumintn oat to Jnomiat toate, re
3 aa ia) bekloga sede autanpel ..2 bag
pal .2 fag amzamk .& te antienthare.dnem sed
ais? domes Stce boo yetqy, Leltes 0 taaideos « 2a (d) «donee thos
ee mapead & to aurtart Iantaclone eid, tot besiatidadas ad 0% agaaob
ae ie oleae eh made. gehen setawmel
eit nwose ovadl sist of stow geiarodel bas. blafE os
ahtou pnetnesS
‘gedit! tgom to noiiarisas® taaimedo. 10%. yoses Jaites oe ‘te hi idepizossgak
yd reitte beataide seed yiiaces aed essae to Lite! goe0 tq gets & tad
gid to omoro afi of. donde yletalheant thos ot teainate to godseol iqga
ng nottantiqna fered?l a aaiq atisq Lefts o@ iagimedo aabylage yd to daalg
jewpomatas to at saeach mumiata to metcerq adit Sasget abd. ak ;1toa end
te inomisegxe Belt to aviiavtdo sotan * obi test® sev tI .eonatroqml
SECL to sometiegx® .182f to noames odd. paltab, noi gaksdaas: ,eeal tteweld
wot sauatt epanoh aumtatn a Saildeiae of Wrmpaeaes ed Lite ¢8 ted beworde
bethste POl to axon vrctatodad. pad ks, to agaot, Saatgo leon, gneteTt iS olf
mutgesma bis atesolda subhos. Ro ao tiated ia. See aotgaxét to eter odd
stew eiaotmedo décd tadd Sets tsenomeh bre eftos gaotot yd etasayoo lad
exou god o8 bexseqas otatoide mpthor owls ast to: ;amostog Ifca snefileoxne
ofbredt of esobresad etom itgmods bebaegre telfoS seq mopglog tis poitte
tt gutog of? qu ddguoid eval cosses bilett teaq eat To solvavisedo Sas cone freoxd
sete tins doae of, Debbe ytinatt Leotmedo to, yetdmaup. acl? to. asotiraget .tadd
ee SY
of soil fad tm be chemical as it.is applied oust not be below a certain
minimum concentration. .1t seemed desirable to.study further the question
of miniuum dosage with reference io the factor of concentration when a
chemical is used as a soil drench.
Brapenhd worki. To. ‘ppply sodiwa. chlorate in such quantities. to.
sel: of an. approximately optimum moisture content for Ribes growth that
resultant concentrations of 1/4, 1/2 and 4/5 of one wr cent in the soil
solution will be attained. hese quantities of sodium chlorate are
approximately equivalent to dosages of 2,500, 5,250 and 8,000 pounds per
agre respectively. With a lmown voluma of soil in each pot, the dosage
will thereby be known in terms of weight of chemical per unit volume of
soil.and concentration of sodium chlorate in per cent. or parts per million
in the soil solution. The aqueous chlorate solution will bé distributed
evenly over the soil in wich the potted plants are growing and the potd
subsequently maintained at optimum Sotatave content by frequent weighing
and addition of water. R. xoeazli growing on Stanislaus Forest soil will
be used as _@xper imental material withextension to R. inerme when that
material is ready. If time end materiel permit, an extension of this
experiment will be made to include smntteatten of the chemical ag @ combina-
tah a@erial spray at Soil drench, ae ag eee
Search. for and adequate greenhouse and field testing of new kil oo
ing. ‘adeata. for) more. effective use as under Objective 1. These chemicals t9
be iadahbine gah ‘odie chlorate as to.cost and. effectiveness, ;
vious. : On the basis of the chemical ‘properties of yartous
classes’ ‘of chemical substances, such as inorgenie and organic acids and
bases, complex salis of heavy metals, inorganic and organic salts,
inorganic and organic oxidizing and reducing compounds, oils and gases,
over one thousand formulae have been tested by field and greenhouse.
7 lication to ‘Rives. Over 95 per | “@ent of these formulae were tested as
“ays, and considerable time was spent synthesizing compounds which by
vintes ‘of their chemical properties and by virtuc of our kmowledge of the |
chemical composition of the various Ribes species, were designed az specific
poisons. . Ia the selection or. Synthesis of these poisons for spray appli-
cation, a premise postulated early in the course of projected investigations
Kept in mind. This premise suggested that the most effective toxic
ageats would be found among those chemical compounds having concealed
slaetiie of ‘toxicity so that sn immediate caustic or blasting action on
foliege would not occur, While subsequent | field and laboratory experiments
bore gat the validity of this premise, an ever-increasing volume of data
indicated the more eA of chemical destruction of stream type
Ribes. (except &. ) by single application of any ‘Chemical to acrial
parts alone. “Recent studies of the gross morphology of Ribes have shown even
more ee | the Se at of ‘the inhale mathe? a so far as 100 percent
ee)
comm)
oh |
uiasves # voted sd Jom tem Botfage at $f as tide’ ae’ eostiwe fos to
notseuy: oft vadeact youte of sfdetrees Portis 31 Caotisrtasence mamta tm
3 otal soitetinsencs ‘ts xotoa® ods oF. egnetetet AS iw ‘e3580b suminte To
tismeth Stew a 38 beau al feo brady
ot scidthuies fove mi statofds partie yfqga of witow besogotd
“tatit fdwom sedtf tcl Inetnos ototetom meattgo yfetantxotgys ma to fhoe
ftoe edt at ines vay eno ‘to G\S bts S\F VS\E Yo anolttertneomed tnetfyeer
ers edatolds muthor to sefttinedy eved? bentatia ed Tftw aottetos
tsa ebugog 000,8 bas O85, ,008,5 Yo senscoh of saalavicpe yfods oe
egsech edi .jog anes at thos to amerfow avomd 2 dékW .yfeviseoyees stos
to ommfov ding teq Teolmeds “to Siigtow tc enved ni awoml ed yereds [fiw
nolfTia teq ater sass Yor at sietelde welbed to aod endusoced ‘Baa Thos
addudicteth oF (ike aolinloe efwroliis’ epoorves ef .sottofor flow odd at
ate ft tae anieor, wre etmnfe Bestog ent deifw al floe edt seve yiweve —
gqaidatew ieousevt vd teetnos stmtsion swuitqo ta Seontstaton yfineuposdsa
fie {ive teoret emaletmeds ao grivo1g iigack .= .tedew Yo sold isha bas
tadé sede syveg? .3 of cobemedx eo dtiw fate tan Iataantwese ea hboew od
elds to s¢lenstxe ae ,ifexeg {sitetam bos emis ti Jpheet ab falistom
~aidmes 2 8a fenkmede ads to eh ites ehwfoul ot sham od f[lkw taomktegxe
fewerh Itce bes yerge laizes mols
«IS ?H wos to watiiee?s Hfekt Sez secradtrsors staupods bas “tot focee?
of eTastnods suet? of! evitestd® tebiis a9 e60 ovtics Tie stom tot: ‘atceaa gat
‘se@oaeelsooNks wie! sees: bad as hohe ieee Make segues ed
encitiey to es texeer xa leohmeda ont to alae odd no i BER
bos efiies cineaie bot ofmegtest ea dons qnocantadie prac to ‘peceate
tise sfnegie bes aisegromt ,afatem yveed to atfae xefquoo ,aeend
2aeney bits allo pehanenmes gotseber bee selathixe eiaegic das simegton!
eaoieaeen baa blakt yt foteed ‘need ovat oeTuwro't feeewodt sno teve
2a Leteet orev eolomrt estcy ha dnae we 6 tev “wed iA ef mablashiqgs
¢é dofdw ehawogson Rats tecitnye Jooue zaw ontt ofdaiahieaes bas ,ayange
ec? te oabslwont wp to eretiv yd bee eskivoqeng Laetosds thedd to eedaty
olticese an bersteo! etewo,eetseos ved bh? svokuar odd “tome lticoqmen | feoiaedo
~Eiqas yews wot scovlog saod2? To eatuodimee to aoktoelee aft al oncatog
etolisetiservsi beteelatg to seis odd at “ftsa botafotacg satmetg @ yaoktass
‘fxey ewitosTie tom edt Gadd Bedeagace weiss ug eid? Sabo at iqed eaw
hbeledtwon gaivad shasoqmos (Soiaede oeodt aaome boact od bigew aefga3gs
no moltws ankisaftd t6 sSifewas etatbount as Indi ca ytiotrot Re elttome!ls
asnemiaayxs retecadal bas Bleit taoupeadse el ia «sragee toa -bisow wegakfot
ateb to suclot uatesetont-reve as ,oetmatg aidé to qitbifer od? tue wed
_ Beet agetie te aetiouréseb ‘aotmeds te ysifidestteciemt edt Bedsotbal
[aiton of [aahmeie ye to aofinsklages ef gate ed: (ecmalotiar 2 tqecxe ) asd If
seve nwoda evad eedii te ypoledqiom eeote at to estiute gasoet 8 .enola attag
treo teq OCF ee tat ca at Sorter guiyerqe edd Yo anotisiiat! edd yfiselo otom
é0§
kill of treated plants is concerned. This project is now attempting to
felect 2 satisfactory sol) polson to be used either Ss 2 soil drench alone
or as a: Sab isavesa Soft: agen and bobiat “ne ina the ech ainantiow: of
R. Mherme.
Re Bee pms it 4 # rw eae
* The’ app Mention’ of ahiadeatiss as aot titania wes a alates part of
enw’ hinitana investigations program from the ineeption ofthe work in the
West’ in 1924 until 1920. Commencing with the field season of 1930, the
of soil poisons has been examined by both ficld and laboratory
methods. The results of experiments with soil poisons have been presented
in annual reports (1924-1931) under synonyms of crown applicat lon. root
epplicxtion, sof? applidation, sot? drenen, and subsurface dtoreh, Tha
most promising chemicals that have been reported under these headings are;
godium dhicrate, alisline sedtuwe fluoride, sodiua arsenite, aunonium
chloride, ‘coppe complex, sine aumoniue chloride, ammontwa thiscyunate,:
his icapen tame Diese? of1, and petroleum sludgo-ott. -
vets 2.) .4m ghoosing @ soil poison a lengthy list of possible toxic agents —
is ts grostiy shortened by considerations of low cost, availability, eas¢ of
erties and smfety. A succesful soll poison must combine the afors~
mentioned features with dewirabYe toxic vropsrties. Amone the latter
pep eel MWoted rosistatice to alteration and fixation oy the soil and
‘Anjoriousmess | ~ Ey pin pad udderate gar piggy “ae -
Reiley abhor
Proposed. work: Under this aeoie the tthoatere will be thoroughly
explored and ell 4nformeation which oun’ be obtaivied from allied investigators
wil) be Kept''on fi7¢, © Chemical compounis which ere sucgested throuch this
rork efther ‘directly ‘Ov Indiréetty will ve given adequate ¢r@enhouse test
‘and a new compound mppearing to have possibilities for field vse wil) be
ae. = i ce Seat on wad aie Fs etigeg ~ ie a ee ee
chases ippaptoebaeas by vend. 4 test: of the aflousiednete: of: deanationiiae
“et r rous “godimn chlorate (one pound per gallon) to stems: nome roots: at hes
2 ate el “against effectivencss “of “ooapteve doverager re i
Ssaen wi oe yet 9
| ey inte “oder: Ke barty"as71926 howde sheen: thet m“ ‘petiolare
seeald "Ba staresareiey: eradicated by one application of aqueous sodium —
“chtorate® to the steme and leaves of the plant.’ During succeeding years, the
Gonéentration of soditm chlorate in aqueous solution has been reduced from
38 P Gent to 10 per esnt with satisfactory resulte, It'hag been 9 -
“detePmined that complete coverage of aerial parts with sodium chlorate in
Re # solution as Yow'as & per cent will give 100 per cent results if
ed carly or mid-geason “in localities where the water table is not. rors
highs “In 1931, to avold misinterpretation of local conditions on the part
‘Of crew foramen, 1¢° was recommended that 10 per cent sodium chiorate be
uged to effect complete coverage of aerial parts and that additional
chemical be #quirted on the ground near the base of the plant. This in--
“struction: toe iseaed’ “po gop + _ ee of ‘field date woken
gF aay 3 WE a
206!
of aatgquesde wos ef vosfox, aid? seerteonpo af ataaiq hesentt ' to ffket
kote conoub {Poe a 8# tedtio beer of od noet g Eee qytorpatatese is guelow
to no tfeok bere ode et yeu fattee Sua 3 doxoth ey trator #88 eo"
6 oe Be
to éten tenia # sew enoetog Ifor ea ataotueds te mohiankians ed?
df ni Moy edd Yo to kagomel” weft yr: METROTT ane ttagtiesrint ‘Teetmeds sit
aif (EOL Yo dommes lett edt ibe Sagem Cet rein SSOP ak Jeo¥
yuotatodar bre belt, dtad yd hosteme need eal stoxtog Tow Ye ne nottesey
oinensth nad svat amok tng Tioe itty ‘etnentteqxe *¢ etfxbet one 4
soot ,mofgaotiygs Neoty, Te merenooye tebe * rger beer) geroget teams pre
adit? fortet® ensteiedve bas donot: tor wcobrastfqas | ficw sottsot fqae
toxp python eust) tsasy hogtoget seed evel gaat ofan tmedds
Mektomms ,otixsets author .abeealt sarthos ong entre he sato “mek bow:
al sur bpeo tase a bbPr0 Ky ger Peoonta oats “Esiqgaos bE to
; walte-og bale. ave fottey J bre afte foaged coteonoh® meth
FQTg 84
' adawga ofmod a! tdteesg te. fart wiser s ‘feetog” Phoe &, gare ond ut oy weal ak
to tp as sqar tidal tees _ ,epen worl to, ano ttereblano> ye borat cap . | vias’ a
eetota bd? Braceis tan acetog Thea Titewesoss 4 ugetse bas , gut rhnag
. aagtal eff viromh se0kstapoug otra? afGarteed igh ‘setueset, Bogo lt oo,
Brees rhe se edd ys mokiuxtt Sas aotiewdia of eukadalect Baton at bivode
wwotsiinaep etavebor al inal of acqmnyer rE
*
eldequorte ié ad ftw ousderesghl edt aigos, pies "te bat! a
grciagid as vat bettie mo%t Bentatdo ad dott oz taxttotAt ff ‘hen boners
ard? Mmepeids Hotsoasive aks si Peer ahatoguion Tre triad werkt go toot od f
feos sauodnotrs ‘tapaber evisu ad tfiw erigorkhal x6 tay %:
ed ffkw sav, Sfelt sot eotetitidteasog evat ed puite cas. bayogMcm wom & bas
eet baltte te yer eis at aaleoTy sodts bine ito Fest ie a sovis
ry HF $Sapae Nar ey Base
"ee
_gnigtour to asi thats edt * i ‘cy we sis 25 cene* hae
s took bas smste pd Gio Tia toy big ono) otare leo cee aioe e
, ‘sagatevod of stone, te aca hid hie ipl
atafetiag. ok fads reode eew of aeer ee ytrae pf cattoy. von PONT
meriboa asosspa te motinstiggs smo Dis Sept pipe ef bIxoo
ed} , RIS gatbsesoue oetrnt bmefe silt - “payact baw guody ott 62, ‘eget fits
sovt boombet need art wokiufor euoenps pi oserolis a srtboe 26 gibi oi
mosd Bek FT sav tweet. vrosste log. d$tw ines tog 0 nus
gi ateto fd | setica Bitw atteq Isizaa to epateyoo boi’
4? effzeet Jad 794, dor evig sfilw tues te S Se eof 3a grey 2
ood Sea et ‘sfdat wetaw ocd sredw agtitleoal mt § osaca-bts: 0, has
Sxey oft he anetetbsos fedot to ‘polietstqrtotnteh biova, oF ofSPL :
Se egero tin mipthea éheo tea OF fany Lebnaamonsy Baw “or rae wer
Taw Po thbe tadt bes stisq Yektes te OReTS VOD. wires goat 8 ct ae
Wk gti \anatg odd Yo ened oft ‘gue baoty of3 no Belainpe 6 ibaa”
fotdw atad Sfett to sottieliqnos est of tnervpeadve boweet aan nagineee®
d05
aegeenea ‘Ba gneiderable killing nates resulted from the chemical
found {ts sto $0 the ground. It is now suggested that treatment of
pitiatten mae ‘be Just as eff cetive if the chemical is applied directly
to the ground vith coverage of the basal portions of the stems, It is
not @xpected that uy appreciable saving of chemical can be made by
substituting this method for the old one of eomplete coverage but it 4s
quite fade that a ‘aus in the paring ‘time of the crew may be
: Vecchia Ses A series of experiments is planned ‘in which
Re inaee carefully proteeted so that no contamination of the soil by
the. chemical is possible, will be dipped in solutions of sodium chlorate.
Subsequent examination and analysis of plant parts will be made in order
to note the extent of the serial toxic action. Objective 3 will also be
made the subject of a careful field experiment next year.
ae 2 cd lig
< SoAMSAAE hE Lin of the spplication of. sme] quantities of chemical
teted ‘crows as ® possible chemical means for the eradication of
, Roezli., B.. ; and other Ribee.of the individual
ith the Prag importance. ef upland Ribes eradication the
oat shquld be given more attention.
-eviolis work: Methods of. legiouninn Ribes’ ‘by stem. indestion;
silettalfie and crown sear ification, were not tested by this project until
1930 when they were designed ily as follow-up methods for the ~
eradication “of ‘stream type Hibes and os possible general methods for
upland Rives. “Special tools were gonatructed by Yan Atta and Breakey
for Anjecting into lit stems of Ribes a toxic chemical in the form of
a ‘glycerine yaste. Methods of stem injection have proved to be unsatis-
factory both om the grounds of poor kill and impraeticability of the method
itself, “Pabulation has been used largely as a means of studying the uptake
and movement of dyes and heavy mctal complexes rather than as a field
method for des Ribes. Of the methods used, mechanica) injury of the
crown with subsequent application of chemical to scarified crown tissuc
hae show best. results. Of the various chemicals tested by application to
searified « Crowns» the sell ofine have proved to be moat effective: copper
comptes. sodium chlorate, Diese] oil, sodium arsenite, and eadmium chloride.
— ence ta 1930-1921 field experiments showed that although
Ribes such as R. nermo which possess intricate underground systems could
not be successfully attacked by this method, Ribes having a single well
developed centre! crown micht be aetisfectorily destroyed. Diesel oi] hes
proved to be a satisfactory kehlling agent for R.. roezli ia dry locations
ie ‘applied as @ s0i1 drench or as a combination omer and soil drench at
eet tay eee. eS Ee :
“¥o A ‘compilation will be made by Yan Atta of all field
and IR cng data which are available from his tubulation experiments.
Some 216 samples of plant material are now being analyzed for eopper content.
ZO
fenhueds oft nowt Hed fsaet goitoe pak fit ai¢gershtance todd Sotaoanue
46 trompaots tad? botsoyguea wee ak ¢1..bowormy ocd of yaw. ath, basct sada
glisetth botfods ei faotmeds ost at oviiectts ae tent, ed yar azalubios ot
al +1 .amede edd to sactétog faasd osfd to egatovon div basot, edt of
yd eben od aes fsotmods “to carves slidatoosqgs. 054 fads betosqxe Gon
ek i) Sud ogatwves ateferos 2 eno blo edd tot hodtou aidt pakiusts ede
od au wersved? to outs aabyerqe eg¢ af goivae « agdt ylokil ating
Sobde xt Somealy ek ataomixegn® %o aattee A wana pomegestd es
qd) Ptow edt to aottantssiaes ot tadé 08 betoototg vi iatotss atalakieg A
sjaxofae mrbtee To ane tepfon at Boggib ed [ike siidinesg of Seakmedo oat
espe mt ebag od Ifta eatsq inale toe steylans See ne cdagtsece dacwveoedye
ed cate ffiw 5 evitostdo ncrios ofsod Saizes en! to dnedxe of? 80m 03
Wey teen soemhtoyes: Sfort fsttetaa @ te gentdue odd bam
» & BYLRORGES
fantmado to soldisaary trowe Ye agdisokique edt To sotsatehtanc® sale Seep
te potiantbavea edd tel sasem fantmeds efdhsveg & 8 aHIeT, eltirses. oF
Caubiviba? edd te vedké sedge due emmmiankl 2 -diaaer of suminctacnety. f
edd notsaothats eedtt hralay: ko eoustrogm? gatasetons edt A¢28...eqyt ciaad
wwoktaetia stom nevis od bisnde g<untestsonety ff to mafdotr
peottnet mi made yd! aedift cetyortasé te ghoddew mixewameswaed 2 fous
Eueoe dookotmy stds 46 Sednad sox stow asotiaaltitace ‘geots. Lap ,moltalgdud
compet tot ebodtax quewo TLot, en Uf bremetg: bematesd stow yous sede C52!
aot abodes iavpaeg, etd tesog goohas sod eggs: naetie te solsentbes®
yotes sd Sas atta oat xd betouwrdemcg etor efood faipege -eedta baat gus
eo wxot edt at feotmedts ofxe? & geod to emote sile com gatsoatet tot
-atianus ed of bavota sved sobipetat mete “Lo sbodieN .steag esttooyla:®
bodgem off to Yi idaotisaignt Sas fii «oog ‘to ebawota odd ao ‘daod giotoat
wintes ete stiyhote eo geo mae ylenne? Dose, aeed aunt nokta lander? atfoett
brett # em nedé twddat aoxelqgnno- faton qvesd bee eeyt te daeaevont, Lact
edt to vital {eolnadonnt shor shoddum eas t6. aedti partyoud eal we bods ort
syarki meots bartixeoe ot faetrmda to sofiestiqan trasposdie dghw swore
ot amitaatiqns yd boteed alaotmects profi efi TO, “edisgot axed mode aad
qeqqes iowitsetis dae ot of bevor evad gaiwollo’ ois .,rawots befitusse
ehbteino eattabes firs weitneasa outbor Wffo foest® ,stawoide avibos, axelqeod
dguodt in duds bewods aineettegee (plost (Sei -BeL at Aouiag eonaktogx®
bigog pmetaye AawoTyobar staoltsnl eBPeecs dofdw omutt & aa dose woah.
ffoe ofssts « gated sedi? sfioddem aided we betnetia yf ieteesuoms ed gos
ext [to TewotG .hayottaes qitsotestetica of digta awote Larstaso hagolsveb
gnoitaoot gib of Lfsent <8 wet deege ant Le yuotostaliar a od of Bayou,
to duh (hed baa Yous mottactdee » 29 "t¢.doneth ftog w ex botiqgn tt
as po. Wek . dest tog etal. ont of 980 to etetvecd
bfett ffeto argh nat yd sham 0d trie sobtattquoe A lsombaaamaTS ou
wafsombregxs motialodad ahs sont ofdal lava ota, dotde «tab anodarocel bite
enok
tuednos tegges wot basyfana gated wom om Patsotem taafg to eelqmas of
VOs
renee
A final report on this problem will be presented later in the year. In
regard to the eradication of 8. wiscosissimm, it is believed that con-
siderable help might be. secured from 4 method of crown searification after
cutting of off uring’ the: tops of the plants, with gubsequent application
of coneantrated solution or dry erystals of godtum chlorate, sedfum |
fluoride, Diese] ofl, or capper Sulphate to the searified crowmm. ‘Suffi-~
mbps : rat “and é tests of this method will be made this wintcr
se rat
nite “ree jendation as to chemical and quantity of chemten!
re i ‘arort” rearting next year's field work. This method is
ne Y céw Use As af auxiliary method to that of hand eradteation —
: i ives. 3 ere. ‘engount ered and ag such might be _Bomeldered for
“drrigu + end perhaps: a. bracicosum.
OD ie eae
sia y
bia ot fattics on Idakio R. inerme to 2B. Saget problem
ch Ba $i bate ar “pine forests of Onl iformia. ‘ac
ny “to the fact thet R. inarme 1s often ©
- 2 @ in north Idaho stream type, the
mg method on BR. patio’ directed the atten-
r 4 pment of a similar niethod for
ric. te29 ‘eufficient choaicals ‘were tested by spray
; wt to he Tear paste? of B. inerma in Idaho and California to
show the imprecticability of that method, From 194 to the present date
investiga: ae cae been a of methods of soil poisoning, injection
ato E ring stems deation to searificd crowas,
‘guid forte - ot tiles methods, soil poisoning had proved to
“method ¢ @ of general application. Considerable data
tained on the grows morpuclogy of BH. Emeric as related to
_of the chemien] and miniwum dosage of chemien!l needed for
Progress has been made in the development of crew
feel 2 bor ® broadcast mannerto the soil, Al of
i.
2tais Dosage of sodfum chTorate nebessary
bel, &: 44 ous ous ecological forms may vary from 350
re : for bt aint ieecrocted, gand-bar type to 1,200 pounds per
dee 08. ¢ 350 pounds per aére seleetive
8 about vegetal to £,000 mony per acre for even distri-
ed on the same basis, 1,200 pounds would be equal to
Me sical methods for the ‘sradiontion of BR. oe
that = : sistance will be “terete eon the data
Fe
. %
xperiments and’ trom ‘the methods of mechanical ‘ut
sl .tssy ad¢ st total betaessig ed fliw mefdote sid? so beh he Tamit A
utes ace bevelfod sf 32 ,gumbenteonaly .3 te fe td anthers, eat «
oi ta seodtantiiises awcie Yorbedten w aw bru syer ot Tod 2.
phi ini Jnoupeadim iistw,esiat¢ eA’ to seed ed? aatrytat “to |
autho ystavolde mytbow te efateyie vab td sotdpTos. sodas Xp
Hick .awoxm bel’ Preoe ek? Of vtedq hie teqqbe'to , Te Teasid., ebfroust
<ojutm adda ehanod Ttihwhodfom etd to eteed Sfett fas Trodezodal, fees
faotemeia to weiter baw Testinetis of ea no itebagmmess + ofiatieb
ok Sedden-etdt Mow bTo8¥ o they tree oetTiat¢ sidted eben
sottactists beed to tad of Soddom ytetfices ae es cag wets «0% roy dle
tot bozeblegce ' ed tvale deve es bua B5eys faercoge | at8 Sadth o ddpte asiw
; sauscndoaTe s “toi r0q: Bae 2 ‘ sear oa
0a
>
me fio wg nitian BOF siete - rm dant ag i eigtiety'4 te i Bae TR
sbegeti ted to edgerot eake ange oredsxox at atetze sot
sedto of asreat .— tadd dost odd et gatw0 nirow aschvess ay
stv ,aeyds meotte onlshi dytot af analetian | iin mise
———— aia padsetes axaletites Sf re Bodom aatystce odi To sesonwe gixee
ot besitom waftete a Ye vaomayefevee oss of welagiout ee to. ae
yates YC Saveet ovew afeottets One iol ive eget ot SSCL motl .
od stnwetii{ad Gris o¢eRT wk omen? 2° to arte ‘Taitos end of. of: Hf
etek teeestg eit GHOSE sert ~ .podsom jae to “PT idee tiestqmt eid wode
settestat ,gntnoetog [loa to ebodies to siem need svad saotseptieoval
i vapron bottivend of ketteblicds “ede gibtoyal Bes Tal apa. iat
od beverer bat quimectoy Ttoe bette eee? XO “ue FT es Tande Sea. 9 i demb-
stank o ‘dsvebleao? wackteot iors ten to efdsges bodies EERO. aad, nt
od ietaiek em omamh 2 te ye fetettm akery oay a0 bentatio. yee ae ;
Tet hebaait fantmeds: to-egseeh imualtatat’ baa Srofmords ett Io. setisot
wore to dxenge level eit HE ehom weed ved seerQoTS {TH tne
to fae ceftee silt of vonnae Qeeeteere ont Igotmeto gctylaqs : ‘30° ine.
itecowd! peixiagoset ta v7 teeonen shy worth ef Be 6i3 témcs ovad. @ af as te eeeds;
Utaavedec sigieihe acthos Tes @eeaot “emfouk 23 o& te eanet, P sige Logs, etem,
C8E hott qa¥ year ews Tabige fess” eee Ms. “tg Tit taag.teq OOL me?
‘eq ehasmeq QOS, f od seyd: tadabase “escor—eo! [ate 243 sot otae req abaueg,,
eviseaios toe ts abegog C88) .eqyt domed hi aa edd 6% ets.
~iréehh nave xo? tea tg ebtate 000,5 oF imleviupe juocs. a sesisottea
ot Leape af Sittew ebevoq 00S, fF rehed ‘onset oat ” ee feaoy abo, tt
alt 006,82. tina:
aes Ki he cebtinahen oats Nebel “eboald ong Tag ke rs Beige
» spate GX ofa Seyi
Rees
xaélodepvom a seer ae ecniee vaiae aes? eaatidde ‘siat Gitow pa save anh : E .
deerg eit antivh codatvebsn eaieek” 2 to ‘gottot feo woke ie ne sd to es00n, 26...
atorotsfad off gmant JPd melden oift ot ‘betfoqe 6d T tw ofabl ot SBOr
scab elt mov? SodetareY od Thr sonsteters sats hevetfed cafa a
ho Pen teeioam te sbedtem sed mort bas etnembtsax® cma’ ‘ebodtiell mort litters
cpogemio’ ww. Bothute * aS ee “soaimarsccaet
GO
ime)
cy.
Lat y
Consideration of. hand pulling, | erown searification and applice-
tion ef toxic agents to injured crown for eradication of 2. bractoosun.
: Previous work: Saperiments on the chemical eradication of
R. bracteosum were atarted in 1923 and continued during field seasons of
1929 and 1930. Work dealt chiefly with the spray application of
ehlorates, and copper complex. Hesults showed that the effectiveness of
sprays varied considerably with the ecolozieal forms encountered and
furthermore that .chlerates were definitely superior to copper complex for
all ecological forms of R. bractoosm. For plants growing ix moist, shady
locations adjacent ho. sloughs. . @ live-stem kill of 95 per cent and ‘® bush
kill of 65 per cent represent results which can be expected from sodium
chlorate 1.4 pounds per gallon. The same concentration of chemical killed
95 per cent and 25 per ¢ent live stem and bushes, respectively, where the
ants were crowing An Apes, Aocations ‘in soft, mossy ground. Poorest
aera were obtained on k. where plants grew slong the margin
trean | }
a, Footed 4m a light soil containing many granite boulders,
dfall and pope ony surface material, Under these conditions the live -
(excec 90 per cent and “a kill varied. between zero and
cent, 1e shade-slough form of R. bracteosum, satisfactory
ah ‘be sahddeet by. increasing the dosage of sodium chlorate.
Trapkual ‘sexx: This particular problem is also a problem for
further field experimentation rather than laboratory work at the present
time. For R. bracteosum having composite crowns createst hope for economic
destruction seems to lie in the direction of mechanical injury to the plant
with abies, em 4 (yan hggee ag _ —— ed easy orem.
Hees RES
aii ee gli tad af! ‘canis: on — ripecseevitent eoppeptc tied’ of dnouier
es which ‘hag been “in setual vise to Hote the permanency of the fire-
S0fine and water-prosfin® trestment after the eloth has been subjected
to normal field wear and repeated leundering. Search for a Meroe of
stannic. oxide ‘whiten: will prove mgt ‘Derttianent veg Kalowas. ° a
rial pis Pievtihi vobe: ‘The iied®? of aff oraine bétection r re Nebacod in
nanitsie ehiorates was Pecoenized as early as 1926) A heavy coat of
tum paint was "used to coat ‘trouser ‘legs’ ‘of elothing worn by the
“faves tigations crew in°1927, “This test showed the need of’ eom-
sister & fireproofing a#ent with a ‘water-proof ite’ substance. “In 1928
Perkins’ processing for “tinnine" cloth was combined with beBaonite
ce etar postin azent ‘to produced a eloth whith was quite safe from the
prac + (th of rapid ‘pr ‘propagation 6f flame ee, dznition of chlérate-
Somos of the cloth, In 1920, the water-proofing and binding
agent,” igonite, wad ‘replaced ‘by Halowaxs 2 Gommereial flame-proof wax.
Tate" ‘Combination! retult ot bon ha pel ote eee id ge yg _— onenee
hts WE? Kar ae
Foie peti wet SE See % eines +s cas
ass Bye Bhan 42.2.3 BERET MAwRe.e.
209.
:
tf.
ie
H
;
i"
in
‘\
=e
oe =. wirowved
mse db Lopes hee soddan dt inane avoid: Sh tage Sou to sepia et
agraosdas % to soitaolbets, sq% Avot betwtet od ave pixod to inet
to soisapthste Laotaads. 2d? 20 asnomizegek ixow fy pes
to sogasa bilatt agimwh beuntiecs bas 6S2L ne betugta e1ewW mun
to soliaoiiegs yaitae add. ditty, ultetas ‘leek stow _O8eL bes seit
to sesueetioa tte off dadt bexcda ‘ad fused. xetquos teqgea Det ‘getwte filo
. ine boxedmuonge semot daalyoloea, adé. dtie edetedtancs boftay 2 vent
tot xelqmon %sayoo od tolteque: ylos nites. etew govateotda dads ‘stone dd
ybade ,teion sh actwoxs gisala tot muacotesis a Lé emrot feotsefoos Ifa
dewd 3 bore dned ne ag to (fit aete-evil « ,edyeols of teeoatSa ano fsao
asthoe mott osgocoxe od aso doldw atfomet sneesiget theo Xeq ‘Ba to Tt bs
balitet Ino fmwsts te cotgmitaaones emea eft .sollea tog abumg #.I etatolids
gait ovede vlov tiosqre t,aedend baa mete evil ino wea GS Bas tmaa ateq 6t
tasicoS .bane1R YRaos ‘st0R si anctisool hsdocxe at ‘anfwors Stor “gitnalg
ab sis ost amole.gesy eaalg oteis quacedosin i) so, Sen bantaido stew at iyret
wtehigod etinats yom griniadsos itea sdatl « at botcot yiqoeh magia # te
gett oft enogtibace.cusad tebal . iskisias epatire, anos ltyoqe is ‘Latsaty
bas oven eoented boluey Dhl sand, xe $682 eT Gf bebesoxe amblee tiki wer
qoiomtelian .guacetoud. 3 to sxe dgeola-shede ost tol, theo tog OL
enenetsa matbos Yo ayseek edd. yataaeyout we bayeldos 90° tists 0 attri
0% meitend. r’ ‘onde: ak we idoxg ‘aelootdtag eid’t gitow Banogo tt ;
teegeta eat: te. Maow yaodetodel. sads telist noljedgemiteex® bioitt saa
oimogene t¢%.0qed dpotse ty aavoto gd leoquoa. paivad muncedoass .3 sot out?
jralo ost: od dinsnisan teptaagone te aodtoatth edd ak- ail os sacar go tioimdead
ASO RD: edt of. dao luado, te ORR REATE, Aaoupenty? adits
sures
oagout: ko. seltisgesg énatetews any one. 0. abused. ‘Ap setdelemed.
ret. edt. te. youonamiog edt: at08 08 eax lautes ab goed eat dole. wy
hedeeidve seed aad diets edd te tsdta trond 20; ed pe toe sg yaw ‘Bae. sak too tg
to. cabntd = tek doses8, - pertteberal petsesos bag seve Breit ioarton ot
cosioy pamela api} dieaaerreg 930m 9F9%G [ftw dotdw ne, pinnate
pees
at boats: gem at goksandocun ont ret te te ‘bees edt s puotvess be
Soc teoo. eves A ASEL ao, Citas as bos bagenet ane ery to at BE
eid yt aiow uatdtols to exel seanor? gson of dean asw, teteg pei
nos to ben off bewode teod ald? .3SOL mt wet see hgashiooval Tab tmsdo
+, S30L al. samatetive aakloorgetosae) 8, Ag tw. dao 28 aut toosqent?t & soinid
etiuoed fy tio Sontduon sms, iots ‘patanrs” wot setzescors ‘emtited ble edt
eit pot oles efiug aa dotsdw dioto as sosbote. ad. daote: Bn ' Se ave sau 8 ee
) pees
-steredio to nobtingt soleolf[ot emalt. to, soliageqotg bicat.
sahinks bes. sat toa wytodan ond SCL wl . tol ana <0. enomtorge.
xew tootq-emalt Istotemmco & azawe Len ed beoedces Baw. ,otinon lhe. ate
,eldatyS ,tten yidanceset ase doldw dtefo a ak getiouet mokiexidmoo 8
and free from any immediate discomforting effects on the wearer. Recent
“tests of trousers mamifactured from this ¢loth show that some skin
irritation results ane a proureeyes. pinto of the pants.
Hie Peaied sat: ‘samples oF me worn and washed trouser material
® wan ve tested init bea
sot ay as wnig' ow are,”
=(b) after soaking in 10 per cent atte chlorate for one hour,
rs sissies qualities with respect to ignition by:
Sta) apatle profited by clowing wood ‘splinter,
wernt eh ob) strteing of & match py Pubbine vigorously on cloth,
© CLS O8L66e) open flame of match.
- Prelim iminery eports by those persons who wore fiteprooted”
Baty ‘atring last field season indicate that the Malowax comnound now
%o form a roe water-proof cores Over the tin arte fibre
whe not ‘protesting. ‘thé ‘wearer from n irritation by the f nely divided tin
oxide. “Synthetic. resins have been sugzested by Van Atta ase possible.
bon, hetero ‘over the Halowax and will be mde the subject of laboratory
tavestigation. “When “alt “tests ‘have Deen ‘completed, @ final recommendation
““whll be made tothe office eéverine tost, practicability, and advantazes
"“to"be secured by’ treating trousers. and all canvas material “used m2
‘— ‘chiorates. —
CRAuBEeny: ares emumroa’*~ %°*
out Lhe eer -- Eetablishnent of the biniem, deen ah sodium f= lle and
te. per. uit area of ground. surface. for 100..per-eent kill
pre ect when applied. in aqueous solution to the soil; and. establish-
@ meant: &- the. same time, of this: minimum dosaze with respect to the distri-
bution of barberry canes comprising the bush treated and the total area
hover, which this minimm dosage must be applied to ensure complete kill.
eoReexioug work: Field expcriments of 1920. t0.1932 inclusive have
.«shown that, althoush barberry can be successfully killed by spraying of the
serial plant parts with sodium chlorate, application of s chemical in
solid or concentrated. aqueous solution te the ground immediately adjacent
yok: the Grown or.crowns.of a. barberry.bush is the most effective way .of
- accomplishing. chemical kill. .dodiu. chlorate and, ammonium, thiocyanate
> have.proved to be the most, effective chemicals when applied to the 20il,
sand the latter, in view of the hasards-of sodius chlorate, offers, best
) possibilities for..general method.of chemical eradication. Field teats
wv chave: shown thet, applied.as 2 spray, 0.4 pound per 100 feet of live stem
» fer sodium. chlorate.or. 2.6 pound per 100 feet.of live stem for amroniun
thiocyanate is sufficient to cause death of the plants. Tests at
Pennsylvania Furnace in 19Z1 and 1932 showed that, applied as a soil drench,
sodium chlorate 0.22 pound or ammonium thiocyanate 0.45 pound per 100 feet
of live stem will kill barberry plants. ‘This question of mininum dosace
co
fxecok .tetser etd co stoeite gaticotmonst&S efatiamnt eens movt sett bas
sibtn amos tad? wode déefo aids mort beretostumes: steasor1d to atest
.eteag sit to aatisew desoniwtety 4 ett si Lieet noite? best
ce Vics option’ hakhaly bga atow one te a Tqnat wane beeeqex’
x ahpeteet oad Ithw
pre feet oO ere wor godt ee GaP
aud od xo bjwtolde exthee suas req Of ak griaisog wos te ey sirens eo
~ nots tire ot ines ative pit [: obxger 2% 0)
do To ito {iss seat wattddes e ik a to ase ba ee Li
B98 am Yo ‘ome lt rego. oe, * a Bf itr
Betoorger}? stow otfw eogeteg yi ee ettocet sevkaitihtes! sas coma
won Eoyochwn xewolet off Paks ofsothet aozsea Sfert teal sxbavh’: wrIseuoTt
e¢dtt bed weraoigm! KES edd tevo teo0 too ty-~todaw evitsetorr fh atxot of hones
ot bebiy ts Ylenkt ont ad aertad iret ‘phie BOTT TeTseN ors gitioe so te zon ‘et
oldizsce @ ta eifé aay wd bettesaee need syed enteox ‘giiadsaye . “ebire
_ Mtodemsdal to fpeldue edi shen ad Itty bas xewole® od? teyo dnogp yo"
sekiabrotmeoot Tach t 2 dete Toman #296 weal gteot ‘tte gene ‘hobtosties Z
2encdcevbs Bis oye tt Pian Fore sieon saPieyoo eg MY bad’ of ebaar of {ftw
"a? beet Iatrotan davrse Ile bas vrbéeuo<d “ntieord yd Semoee od of
Samp sa ioe spetetetée ant [brad
fines
base evernica exiine. 46 sie, pi ye ait ‘Yo ‘Suomilabidas uh
{Lidl aaeo weq COOL 10% seatese Savory to acta thaw teq stansyooiat: ear koe
~jeiidaice bas ;ifoe sdi of meltsloe avoeupe at Setiqgs new ¥Tredtad ‘to
ombiselh ed} ot desqees diin epased muamtatm eidd To emit omee od? 3a Jnem
sere tated od Las betaerd dawd ot onteixquos eanao yrredied to mottud
Libs ssalqmoo ayERe od, bo hae. od. fenm mnanoh seein a nictibe taro
evad evlanfont geet ot O89L So edanaiioane ‘blert | Ee:
edd %e gcigexqe yd befits ylisteeesous sd men yrredisd gent? Ca ‘ aid ‘aoe
ai iecigeds @ to solteoliqas ,etatc lig sukbes ditw mitag tasiq Iatzee
tneontha qioiaibennt banc and o¢,2olisloa asosupa boistéaeosion 1. ae
to yew ewitostte deom ont af daud yerediad a to. gawox to avomp elt of
Sisneyposis antmomms bas etaxofde swtboR ..titk Laolmedo set lqnonos
elion mult of ballgge nade aleolmesdo. svitostie geome esis ad 9%. bevoig aver
ined asekte,otatolio cuihee to sluszad od: to wely ni ,tedtel ent bas
aige? Bight ..noliactiers .agtomdo to, bouton Ieragea 6 x0 zat gaistitdtascd
wete evil to geet COL toq Saag &.0 .yaTge 4 Ba OR al WO, eas
unknowns, tot mea evil Yo. test COL req brug 2.0 1 -etato fio mmctbo
te staat rimele.odd. to déaok sarap of dnoteitva et anaypo h
wioseth Stow « ex botiqgs .taid Sevody SBC bua BOL mt aoesich sinaylyscore’l
test OOL teq Brom 6.0 etaqaypold? autscoms ro bewog SS.0 etatolde mytbow
egeeob muatain to aoldwexp elt .atnelq yrvedtead [Lit Iftw mete evil to
ape
should be ted © the subject of additional laboratory investigations.
Proposed work Barberry plents growing on Pennsylvania and
Wisconsin sol? will be treated with three concentrations of sodium
chlorate aad ‘emmonium thiocyanate. The aqueous solutions wil? be applied
evenly to the soil over Warying areas of soil surface, Pots wilt be maine
tained at a constant moisture content. Complete records will be taken
of the progress of ki2t, i :
‘We pet te A) ay
i ag ‘
OBS
200°C By tmp Lehment of the’ value Of & solid @itutent for use with
ammonium thicéyenate and comparison of that dilutent with water as a medium
of dis tribution,
Ss RE Aik pees
Eravious work: In the application of solid ammonium thiocyanate
about the basé of e barberry plant, it was found that the tendency of the
tlifocyénate to cake and form lumos militated against an even distribution
of the ¢chemteat, “TO overcome this diffien?ty the thiceyenate was mixed
with varying quantities of sand or sawdust before application. Results of
these preliminary field tests strongly indicate further investigations of
solid dilutents for use with ammonium thioecyanste. It was further noted
that the killing ection of this chemical did not extend very far into the
roots from the point of contact, thus sugeesting the desirability of more
iforw Goverage of the so1) immedintely superadjacent to the ro>te.
“) <<° “Proposed work: Varying quantities of sawdust, sand, powdered
chalk, #tiphur, Fullers' earth and wheat chaff will be mixed with amnoniun
thiocyanate and spread evenly over the soil surface adjacent to barberry
plants. Results of work under Objective 8 will be kept in mind through-
out the course of the experiment. Sxamination of the mixture #111 be
ibsequentiy made to determine the amount of ammonium thiotyenate fixed
or absorbed by the dilutent. Pots will be maintained at moisture content
closely approximating that of field soils. . |
ea a
G32 Lae} ua Som
BOTLVE.
Search for and test of new killing agents by greenhouse applica~
WM SP Gee wie te Sok ye cae, e.8 é :
ORS oot bit work: On the basis of ficld experience in the chemical
eradication of Ribes, tests were made of 172 chemical formlae designed for
the chemical destruction of barberry by several methods of application.
Of these spray formilae 69 were tested as sprays, 55 as soil potsons, and
43 as direct poisons bes lied to searified crown, root, or stem tissue.
Sodium chlorate, r dum thiocyanate, Diesel o17, and soffwn dichromate
were the most effective sprays; sodium chlorate, ammonium thiocyanate,
Diesel of1, zinc ammonium chloride, sodium fluoride, and copper complex were
etd
wmonttagisesvral qrotatedal Lanoiéthbs Bic soaydue ada. eham.9¢ Sigode
hus etaevfyansed so anivots edusla “UTte dis i sixow Degogets
aybbos "to anoitexixsases aexdt adie detanrs od Cfiw [foe atenooel®
beifogs of ‘fkw anctinfos anosnps aa? ,edanayooidt muisomn tas eteretado
anita od [fiw ated .seatise Ifoe te eeota gabgrav teve [Loe ocd od yfaere
vedas od Tfiw ebioset etefqmeD = .casiaeo eudeiem gaagencs 8 is benias
_ Lit te esorgoty oft to
déie eer tot taptattd Btice « to sulay ‘odd Xo. éusndat fdete®.
suwthen « 96 ‘tata dibs toate lth daddy te Bae Paes, hus otanavooids suknomns
. sah ime ssottadiatets to
staseeotds wvtaomas bifoa, ‘to soticokiqgs eat ad ina ated
edt te voesdaet ed? ded? Sut gaw 32 \isats yruedsad # to saad ont isods
fottmd? welbh nova oa sentane fotadifin eqrurl act Das ‘eign at etansyootdd
boxix sew adanaysoind efi ys frefktt efild amogzsvo of. fan tmerts add ro
S, gdfemet colisotfoaa stotad taniwsa Sasa Yo gefthiaan » griviay st iw
to yrotianivesval edie otaptiat yfsaows gined Sfalt ywrertiatiorg eeedt
seta vaddagt war U1) saganevooldd muinowms dite aag Tok ateniuiih abfoe
“A f
af¢ o§ak tet vise Beoixe toa BED ‘faoimady eft? to, coitos aobf Lf ost tad?
arom to ybifidarisss oft gaiteenpis suck ‘,foataeg to, datog adi MoTt Bhoot
“efit ef of teopst bare que vfetatbeumd Sloe edt to sgatevoo. ao thay
betobwox .5aea .temhwes to eeidiesaup gatyiel. stax besoqetd
metaoume dite bexim of fiw Tras deodw bas dfrae ‘ose flet .aedqioe ,Afads
erredted of tnenrtba soative flow sit weve ylaeve Saorge bus sdacayooldd
-iguetdt Sein wi tqent ad (fiw 8 evisontdo tebaw stow to ed foewel et aatg
ed {fie awisxter ed? to no fiat tant” sinomiveded add Yo servo odd two
hort o¢aneyso ttt mokacem To dagoms oct enimraded of oben yfimeupsetse
fissueo erstetom go Sontaictam adsl fiw eve q° deter th odd ye Hodiweds 10
AVR Me <eiion Blo PE Ts tedd anf? aaixetods eterolo
aso kfeda eawodesory Xe ‘ginegs pahitit wax Ic dead bes tot gorises
: *'f iG RESO Sy SS. Ae in yo ie SACS SS Aha eS ee BF
tagvedy ait ab onrotetexs blo ft “Yo efead eit a0 Gio umotvent ain
not bamgiesd eetodret fadimede BT to shan exew atest -,aodif to ‘go Nao kbete
“Hebiasttods “to ebodtem fereree yd yrediad To sotfondaeb feolmedo odd
baw Sertvated foe et 3e jecarge we hosesd orev % osfowiot yee odor? TO
bowls mode to ook .avoTs eltitase ov ba kts eaoetog Yoorkh as b>
stoniotioth msthow Bae \ Tho fowetd’,otematechty neutaomen ,etetolin mrthot
hay ookdy surknome jeteroltde matdor payongs svitoe tte Seo, oY ets¥
gree xefomed teeeon Bre sSisonTt myiioe , shite fie aetaome gate. fio [602d
nrg effective Soll poisons; topper complex and sodium thiorate
are no seen most effective for ‘tabplation; for direct poisoning,
7 oe eattrid or mechanteally £ Crowne and roots,
er Complex, ammonium thiocyanate, ‘Caimium chilori@e,
ave proved to be most toxte.
wth Rhine Under this topic the literature vill be thoroughly
d all. information which cen be obtained from allied investi- .
7 it on ftle., ew, chemical “Compounds which are suggested
ceither dtrestly or indfreetly will be civen adamuite
| Retention’ should be paid to cbamounds of cailwium and to
i. ak ee 244, Whe 7
2 PEAT? BARS 4 Rew SS. TALF
by wih Mrs 3 ee ei aes ;
_ Sor a ots ons ers ~. ae hd seit ‘ae’ joao
« 8nd ammonium chloride with sodiun chlorate end amm roa |
ry ty ‘a x ete ate 8 oe Aes most LPR PONT, é tethutdon m
oe nc :
faye sti je BRE ery: | ahaa eS. Baws oe ay
ial . “= Expe: aah re ‘phe! andeat atl Bia of eK”
erty ha : Fine ammonium compounds to bé satisfactory ‘soil
ois’ ce " the ann ‘comp iS can” Se consideret as
relative mtoxic ‘to an! s they represent destrable compounds to use
dn the ficté, Por this papal 4% is desirable to extend ficid expcriments
to the eral SaaS sya, of. Pontes palidasd as soil .
ete a Se
Ps 34% ta
72s
ed
sso
3 Subse gst oe rey: of sohs ee ander.
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