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PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY

l/min Where You Want It!

i/mm

Fixed, Selectable
or Automatic

600 - 8000 l/min
Fixed, Selectable or Automatic

§M®od dOGoBto

Flow 4500 l/min
with or without foam

2800 East Evans Avenue, Valparaiso, IN 46383-6940 USA
International + 1 .219.548.4000 • www.tft.com • intsales@tft.com

AUSTRALIA

Gaam Emergency Products-AU
Phone: 61394661244
Fax : 61394664743
iprice@tycoint.com
www.gaam.com.au

CHINA

Shanghai Jin De Industry
Phone: 862136050599
Fax: 862136055599
sjinde@163.com
www.sjinde.com

HONG KONG

Rotter International Ltd.
Phone: 85227517770
Fax: 85227562051
jacky@rotter.com. hk
www.rotterbiz.com

INDONESIA

Pt Palmas Entraco
Phone: 6221384 1681
Fax: 6221380 2660
sales@palmas.co.id

JAPAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
t.yone@myad.jp
www.yone-co.co.jp

MALAYSIA

CME Technologies SDN BHD
Phone: 60356331188
Fax: 60356343838
khairi@cme.com. my
www.cme.com.my

NEW ZEALAND

Tyco Safety Products
Phone: 6445608127
Fax: 6498270844
tsp.sales.nz@tycoint.com
www.tycoservices.co.nz

PHILIPPINES

Alliance Industrial Sales
Phone: 6328908818
Fax: 6328960083
alliancejcy@pacific.net. ph

SINGAPORE

S.K. Fire Pte. Ltd.

Phone: 6568623155
Fax : 6568620273
houchin@skfire.com
www.skfire.com

For excellent quality fire fighting equipment visit www.tft.com and call your local distributor for a demonstration.
Display equipment, literature and digital data can be obtained by contacting your trained TFT distributor.

TAIWAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
t.yone@myad.jp
www.yone-co.co.jp

THAILAND

Anti-fire Co., Ltd.
Phone: 66 2 259-6898
Fax: 66 2 258-2422
sithichai@antifire.com
www.antifire.com

TASK FORCE TIPS

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

March 2007
issue 21

Firefighters participate in a fire drill at a
train in Seoul. Picture courtesy of
Reuters/Lee Jae-Won (South Korea)

Publishers

Mark Seton & David Staddon

Editorial Contributors

Clifford Jones, Michael Mills, Dave
Coverdale, Paul Gibson, Brendon
Morris, Susan Bang, Roger
Weinmeister, Paul Spooner

APF is published quarterly by:

MDM Publishing Ltd

The Abbey Manor Business Centre,

The Abbey, Preston Road,

Yeovil, Somerset BA20 2EN,

United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 1935 426 428
Fax: +44 (0) 1935 426 926
Email: mark.seton@apfmag.com
Website: www.mdmpublishing.com

Periodical Postage paid at
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POSTMASTER: Send address
changes to IMS of New York,

PO Box 1518

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USAUSPS No. (To be confirmed)

Subscription Rates

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AUS Dollars -$100.00

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(Prices include Postage and Packing)

ISSN- 1476-1386

DISCLAIMER:

The views and opinions expressed in
ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE are not
necessarily those of MDM Publishing Ltd.
The magazine and publishers are in no
way responsible or legally liable for any
errors or anomalies made within the
editorial by our authors. All articles
are protected by copyright and written
permission must be sought from the
publishers for reprinting or any form of
duplication of any of the magazines
content. Any queries should be addressed
in writing to the publishers.

Reprints of articles are available on
request. Prices on application to the
Publishers.

Page design by Dorchester
Typesetting Group Ltd
Printed in Singapore

Contents

25-29

41-44

05 NFPA Foreword

06-16 News,
Product Profiles &
Viewpoints

19-23 Fire

Fighting Monitors -
Selecting the Right
One for your
Application

25-29 Effective

Fire System warning
Devices

31-37 Fire Fighter

Protection - is
improved wearer
Comfort A Trade-Off
Against Safety?

38-39 Extrication

Rescue Education

41-44 High

Pressure water Mist
Improves Tunnel
Safety

47-51 ARFF

Vehicle Roundup

53-55 Placing

Fans for Optimum PPV
Effectiveness

57-60 ARFF Foams

Roundup

63-66 The Thermal
imaging Camera - A
Look At The Past,
Present & Future

68-75 Distributor

& Representative
Office Listing

76 Advertisers'
index

63-66

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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By Theodore Lemoff

NFPA's Principal Gas
Engineer

FOREWORD

Foreword

nfpa codes and standards

NFPA codes and standards are already being used in India in many areas
including: suppression, detection, and emergency management; however in the
last few years we have seen an increased interest for hazardous material storage
codes. Building engineers, installers, architects, risk managers and the Fire
Service have all expressed a need for NFPA scientific standards to be used in India
together with the education in the use of these standards.

L ast year, as NFPA's Principal Gas Engineer, I presented
a seminar on Liquefied Natural Gas in Mumbai. The
seminar was coordinated by a member of the NFPA
LNG committee in India and sponsored by the Indian
Chemical Council. Engineers in the energy industry and
the Director of Explosives of India attended the
seminar. During a previous visit to India I participated in
a seminar on propane safety when propane import
terminals were being proposed in India.

NFPA, which publishes 300 codes and standards
used throughout the world, is the publisher NFPA 59A,
Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of
Liguefied Natural Gas. NFPA 59A is adopted by the U.
S. Government, and used extensively in other countries
as the standard to which LNG plants are built.

There has been a very high level of interest in LNG
worldwide for the last few years. Liquefying natural gas
provides a practical way to use natural gas found in coun-
tries with a small demand for the fuel. The liquefied gas
can be economically shipped to countries that use natural
gas. When used as a fuel, natural gas offers significant
environmental advantages over liquid fuels and coal.

The use of liquefied natural gas is not new. The first
commercial LNG plant was built in 1941. A number of
export plants and import terminals were constructed in
the 1960's, with the majority being in Asia. After a lull of
about 30 years we are in the middle of a worldwide
boom in interest in LNG. This boom in interest results
from increased demand for the fuel in countries that
have been importing LNG for several decades, new inter-
est in LNG from countries such as India and China, and
significantly increased interest in LNG imports into North
America. As an example, in 2005 North America had
four LNG import terminals. One has been added, and 44
others are being considered. While not all these will be
built, it demonstrates that demand for natural gas in

North America will no longer be met by local production
and limited imports, as it had been for many decades.

LNG terminal safety is of critical importance due to the
very large quantities stored and the flammability of
natural gas. The safety experience with LNG terminals
worldwide up to this point has been excellent; however
the potential for injury and death to neighbors, while low
in probability, is significant. The only major LNG accident
occurred in 1944 at the first LNG plant. A container
failed, resulting in the spilling of about 4,000 m 3 of LNG,
a large fire, and over 100 fatalities. The lessons learned
from the mistakes made in designing this plant have been
applied to all subsequent LNG plants (demonstrating that
with knowledge LNG can be a safe fuel alternative).

The seminar included a review of NFPA 59A that
highlighted recent safety changes, a review of the
regulations in the United States for permitting
proposed LNG terminals, a "case study" following the
process of permitting a proposed terminal in the State
of Massachusetts, and a showing of the new film on
LNG import terminal safety. Based on the interest in
LNG in India, NFPA and the Indian Chemical Council
are proposing an international LNG seminar in India
later this year. The governments of India and the United
States have indicated support for the conference.

I invite anyone interested in reviewing NFPA gas
codes (at no charge) to do so at www.nfpa.org. From
there you can visit NFPA's document information page,
www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/list_of_codes_and_
standards. asp, select the document you want to review
and scroll down to the heading "Additional information
about this document" and finally click on the link
"Preview this document". NFPA is committed to
enhancing worldwide public safety through the
voluntary use, adoption and enforcement of its
consensus-based codes and standards.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

Tokyo Bosai Setsubi Co. Ltd.
(TBS) announces partnership

TOKYO BOSAI SETSUBI CO. LTD. (TBS) of
Japan announces that it has selected
Unifire AB of Sweden and Rosenbauer
International AG of Austria as partners for
its innovative automatic fire detection and
extinguishing CAFS system. The system,
created by TBS, combines a fire detection
system, a redundant central computer
command system, Unifire stainless steel
Force series remote-controlled water/foam
monitors, thermal (and optional optical)
cameras mounted on each Force monitor,
and the Rosenbauer Flash CAFS system for
added fire extinguishing effectiveness.

In the event a fire is detected by the fire
detection system, a signal is sent to the
systems controlling computer indicating
the fires general location. The closest
monitor (or monitors) then immediately
begins scanning as the thermal imaging
cameras locate and triangulate the exact
position of the fire on an x, y, z coordinate

system. The coordinates of the fire are fed
back to the controlling computer, which
then calculates the best trajectory and
accordingly aims the monitors to cover the
fire. The entirely mechanical Rosenbauer
Flash CAFS system then begins discharging
a compressed air foam solution through
the monitors, directly onto the fire,

ANGUS FIRE has released a new DVD
entitled "Demystifying LNG" that features
the latest developments in fire fighting
foam technology for Liquefied Natural Gas.
Angus Fire is part of UTC Fire & Security, a
unit of United Technologies Corp.

The DVD takes an in-depth look at the
unique hazard posed by LNG and the need
for specialist fire protection equipment and
techniques. It features dramatic footage of
recent large-scale tests carried out by
Angus Fire and BP at the new world-class
LNG testing and training facility at Texas
A&M University.

In a simulated LNG spillage, high
expansion foam is shown controlling and
dispersing flammable vapours safely away
from potential sources of ignition. Also, in
a series of huge fire tests, foam is shown
reducing radiant heat emissions, the
principal cause of damage from LNG fires.

without any external power supply. The
monitor is preprogrammed to oscillate in
a pattern most effective to cover the
entire fire, and the nozzle is also
programmed to effectively vary its spray
pattern seamlessly between jet and spray.
The parameters of the monitors oscillation
and the nozzles spray pattern can be
programmed to vary according to the size
and location of the fire, and are fully
adjustable to meet the customers
particular needs.

The system can rapidly extinguish fires
and limits the spray to the specific area
where the fire breaks out. It can deploy fully
automatically or, if desired, either semi-
automatically or manually with the
operators prior approval and/or intervention
at any time. The system is designed to
endure very harsh environments, including
by use of the Unifire stainless steel 316
monitors, and it can be deployed in
numerous environments such as tunnels,
underground structures, refuse pits, oil
tanks, parking garages, on the interior and
exterior of buildings and warehouses,
airport arrival halls, and in aircraft hangars,
to name just a few.

For more information, contact:

Roger Barrett James

Director of International Sales & Marketing
UNIFIRE AB
Tel: +46 303 248 403
Email: roger@unifire.com

The specialist Angus LNG Turbex
generates high expansion foam despite
prolonged exposure to the sub-zero
temperatures of LNG vapour clouds and
the searing heat of LNG fires. It uses
Angus Expandol foam concentrate, which
is widely used at LNG facilities around the
world. The importance of selecting the
correct foam expansion ratio and
application rate is also emphasised on the
DVD.

As the expansion of new LNG plants
and upgrades continues world wide, the
need for "Demystifying LNG" has never
been greater. It is a "must see" for anyone
involved in LNG fire safety.

For more information, please contact:
Angus Fire

Tel: +44 (0) 1844 265000

Email: general.enquiries@kiddeuk.co.uk

Angus Fire Releases New
"Demystifying LNG" DVD

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

A two-pound preemie. A two-ton MRI machine.
How do you protect them both from fire?

Our people and fire extinguishant products make the hard choices concerning
fire protection alternatives simpler. Whether it's at a hospital or other facility,

DuPont clean agent fire extinguishants minimize the impact of fire on a building
without sacrificing fire suppression effectiveness. Now you can control fire without
the damaging and lingering effects of water. For solutions that are safer
for people, assets and the environment, look to DuPont FE products.

DuPont Fire Extinguishants. The Science of Protection.™
cleanagents.dupont.com

The miracles of science™

Copyright © 2007 DuPont. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont", The miracles of science", The Science of Protection ", FE-13 ", FE-25 ", FE-36", and FE-227 " are trademarks
or registered trademarks of E.l. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

PRODUCT PROFILE

The invisibility of
fire safety in public
transport Areas

When developing concepts for the planning of a modern public transport area,
architects and designers need to consider a number of requirements, including
aesthetics, functionality, and safety issues.

If you have any questions
regarding fire-resistant glass
solutions for an airport
project please contact:

Vetrotech Saint-Gobain

Tel: +41 31 336 81 81
Email:

infovsgi.vetrotech@saint-

gobain.com

Website: www.vetrotech.com

O f course, these must be balanced with cost
and budget considerations. The latest trends
in design lean toward more transparent
building structures that feature the largest possible
glazed openings in interior walls (such as partitions
in escape routes, floors or fagades). And because
the glass used in such a structure must prevent the
spread of fire into other parts of the building, only
the most sophisticated glass products are adapted to
such requirements. While this principle applies to all
huge public buildings and traffic centres, airports are
among the best examples of structures requiring the
multi-functional application of special glass products.
Especially in terms of safety and fire resistance!

Large glazed areas of fire protection glass can be
found in almost every modern airport. Vetrotech
Saint-Gobain's most well-known fire resistant glass
products, such as SGG CONTRAFLAM, SGG
PYROSWISS and SGG SWISSFLAM STRUCTURE, are
applied in glazed partitions and fire doors, and have
been utilized for construction projects at the Unique
Airport Zurich-Switzerland, where partitions were
built with SGGPYROSWISS E30 glass, and in the
new Hong Kong International Airport, where the
roof glazing above shopping areas ensures compart-
mentisation in the case of a fire.

Vetrotech has recently completed several chal-
lenging projects that combine maximum visibility
with maximum safety, which proves that such a
balance can be achieved. One of these projects was
conducted in one of Germany's Intercity Express
(ICE) train stations, which happens to be located
directly underneath the check-in areas of the
Koln-Bonn (Cologne) Airport. Smoke curtains made
from 30-minute fire-resistant integrity glass were

utilized to help protect airport dwellers from
hazardous toxic gasses in the event of a train fire.
Considering several tragedies of this nature, includ-
ing the Madrid train station blasts in 2004 where
1 90 people were killed.

The fire safety and aesthetic requirements at the
new Cologne-Bonn airport called for the first-ever
application of vertical fire-resistant glass smoke
curtains with point-fixed (spider) SGGVETROFLAM
glass. Before its installation, the glass was success-
fully tested in an independent fire test laboratory in
dimensions of up to 1 1 50 x 3850 mm.

Vetrotech is now developing glass with similar
dimensions for another airport project, this one at
the Roissy-Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris. The
project will utilize SGGCONTRAFLAM STRUCTURE;
an El 60 fire rated "butt-joint "system with silicone
sealing, in dimensions of up to 1250 x 3750 mm.

Fire resistant glasses, made by Vetrotech
Saint-Gobain, are unique in terms of mechanical
properties. All our glasses are tested for impact resis-
tance and fulfil the highest classification for safety.

In addition, recent tests for explosion resistance
according EN 13541 have proven that glasses,
designed for combined safety can withstand the
requirements and bring additional safety within
blast and fire building components.

Thus, Vetrotech Saint-Gobain glass products
comply with arguably the widest range of safety
evidence available today for glass in passive fire
protection for building and marine construction; this
allows us to provide you with an up-to-date product
range for specific requirements in safety.

Without forgetting the importance of design and
architecture! EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

(in) visible fire protection.

WE KNOW FIRE

Sit/

rfffTth

SAINT-GOBAIN

GLASS

Vetrotech Saint-Gobain’s advanced door and
partition systems are designed to give architects
and specifiers the freedom to build in maximum
aesthetics to fire safety. Once upon a time,
that would have been impossible. Now, with
Vetrotech Saint-Gobain, it’s no longer a fairy tale.

\ V
vir

VETROTECH SAINT-GOBAIN
HONGKONG LTD.

Unit 901 g/F
Austin Towers
Nr. 152 Austin Road
Tsimshatsui, Kowloon
Hongkong (SAR)

Tel. +85228781883
Fax +852 2878 7333

infoVSGHK.vetrotech@saint-gobain.com

VETROTECH SAINT-GOBAIN
INTERNATIONAL AG

Stauffacherstrasse 128
CH-3000 Bern 22
Tel. +41 31 336 8i 81
Fax +41 31 336 81 19

infoVSGI.vetrotech@saint-gobain.com

www.vetrotech.com

Check the extended dealer listing
fora contact near you

NEWS

Elkhart Brass Opens
Enhanced Testing Center

7500 Square Foot
Testing Facility.
Result of Product-
line and Company
Growth

Continuing a commitment to providing the
safest and highest quality products in the
market, ELKHART BRASS is proud to
announce the opening of an expanded,
state-of-the-art test facility in their Elkhart,
Indiana headquarters.

"Our new testing facility not only helps
ensure we deliver the best and safest
waterflow products, but also allows us to
continue to design, develop and
manufacture innovative solutions and get
them to the market faster. The new
Unibody Valve is a perfect example of this
improved design-to-build execution
process," stated Don Sjolin, Marketing
Director for Elkhart Brass.

The test facility is the first of its kind in
the industry and is an expansion of 7500
square feet to the current test centre. The

To compliment its incomparable range of
decontamination and blue-light products
PROFESSIONAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS has
introduced a range of lighting units. The range
embraces all needs and all situations from hand
held and head lights to a range of flood lights.

A feature of the PPS flood light range is that
it is battery charged eliminating the hazards
created by trailing cables not to mention the
need to have a source of power. They are also
silent, non-conductive and cool running with
the larger units offering up to 1 5 hours
continuous running. The two best sellers in this
range are the Starlite and Maxi 2000 flodlights.
According to PPS Managing Director, Mark
Whitcher, the Starlite is regarded as the most
powerful rechargeable floodlight in the world.
"There are simply no equivalents in the global
market place" he says "that is why it is proving
so popular with police, fire and emergency
services generally". Its telescopic tripod gives it
a maximum height of 3.5 metres, and even at
this height, even in the most difficult conditions,
it enjoys great stability thanks to the unusually
wide spread of the tripod feet. Its primary beam

new expansion includes a 2400 square
foot testing booth with over 30 yards of
concrete creating a 50 ton backsplash. The
centre includes a 20,000 gallon holding/
re-circulating tank feeding a CMU 2-stage
Waterous Pump.

"R&D is critical for us to continue to be
an innovator in waterflow equipment. The
new test facility positions us to keep
innovating for years to come," stated Don
Sjolin.

The new test centre is live and
operational and can be toured during visits
to Elkhart Brass' headquarters.

For more information, please contact:
Elkhart Brass, Inc.

Email: dsjolin@elkhartbrass.com
Website: www.elkhartbrass.com

gives up to three hours standard whilst a
secondary beam gives up to 10 hours. The other
best seller, the Maxi 2000 is a rapid response
unit which has proved itself with rail and
electricity maintenance teams. An unusually
wide range of accessories have made it a
byword for flexibility and adaptability. It offers
three kinds of bases for instance; gripper,
magnetic or suction and it can also operate

Announcing the
new Argus™4, Truck
Storage Mount and
Battery Charger

The new Argus™4 Truck Storage Mount and
Battery Charger provide secure storage with
instant access for
the Argus™4
Thermal Imaging
Camera and
charging facilities
for the battery
pack.

The unit is
designed
primarily for the
storage of a
camera within a
fire truck, but can
be fitted to any
flat surface. The
camera fits

securely into the storage mount using a quick-
release strap and will hold the camera with the
handle either fitted or removed.

The battery charger will charge either the
camera battery pack or the transmitter battery
pack and charging can continue whether the
vehicle is parked, running or in normal
operation. The charger has a LED to indicate
that the battery is being charged, and the unit
will maintain the battery at full charge at all
times without the risk of overcharging the
battery. The battery charger can be fitted to the
storage mount, or any area of the fire truck.

For more information, please visit
www.e2v.com

from a vehicle cigar socket adapter thanks to a
5m extension lead option.

The head light range consists of the Matrix
and the 2 in 1 . The 2 in 1 is so called because it
offers both high powered halogen bulb and
ultra bright LED light in the same unit. The
halogen light can be focused from spot to flood
whilst the LED facility is ideal for close up work,
consumes little power and can operate for over
100 hours. The Matrix can be adjusted through
90° vertically and is both water and shock
resistant. With three lighting functions and a
flashing mode for emergencies the Matrix bulbs
are designed to last for 1 00,000 hours.

For a hand lamp PPS offer the Panther, a one
million candlepower hand lamp with a one mile
beam. The Panther is virtually unbreakable
incorporating a toughened lens and a shock
resistant polyethylene plastic casing. Suitable
for use in all weather conditions it can operate
for up to four hours when used on low beam
and comes with a mains and vehicle charger.

For more information, please contact:
Professional Protection Systems Ltd.

Tel: +44(0) 1908 272240
Email: sales@ppsgb.com

New PPS Lighting Range To
Compliment Mass Decon And
Blue Light Products

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

CASE STUDY

South Australia
Country Fire Service

Approximately a 25-minute drive from the centre of Adelaide, the Capital City of
South Australia, you will find one of the most versatile volunteer firefighting
brigades in South Australia - the Upper Sturt Fire Brigade (USFB).

For more information , please
contact:

Waterous Australia

Tel: +61 07 5522 8930
Email:

bcoe@waterousco.com.au

S ituated along the Mount Lofty ranges, this
two-appliance station is home to 30-active
volunteer firefighters who protect over
60-tonnes/hectare of highly dense bush land
vegetation. Equipped with a 4WD, 2,000-litre,
appliance called the Upper Sturt 24 and a 2WD,
1,000-litre mini-pumper called the Upper Sturt 12,
the USFB attends anything from operational
incidents such as brush and wildfires to structural
fires, motor vehicle fires and even general rescue
emergencies.

But unlike their urban counterparts, the region
the USFB protects doesn't always have the luxury of
hooking their appliance up to a fire hydrant or
water line. What that means is the brigade needs
to make sure they have enough water to do the
job. And depending on the fire, you just don't
know how much that is.

In the case of the USFB, if water was running low
during a fire they either had to make sure a bulk
water carrier was enroute to refill their appliance, or
they had to leave, fill-up and come back. This might
take anywhere from 10 to 15 minutes, and any
firefighter will tell you 10 to 15 minutes is more
than enough time for serious damage to occur.

The solution to their problem came in the form
of a portable pump called the Floto-Pump™.
Manufactured by Waterous, this small, powerful
and cost-effective pump gave the USFB the versatility
they needed to manage their water supply issues
with enhanced efficiency.

In cases where there are not hydrants to fill the
appliances, the Floto-Pump can be used to fill
the appliance from an alternative water source
such as a river, a swimming pool, holding dam or
even a creek. "Sometimes conditions didn't allow
us to get the fire appliance as close or as practical
as we'd like it to be," said Dan Schiansky, Captain,
Upper Sturt Brigade. "With the Floto-Pump, if there
is a pool or a static water source nearby we can
connect it to pump and directly attack the fire."

The USFB also serves as an effective tool when
used for pumping water from holding dams located
throughout the region. These types of dams are
quite large and can be a useful water supply.
"Before we didn't use the holding dams because
they are clay-based, and using a fire appliance to
pump from the dam would only pull the dirty water
from the bottom of the dam, which is full of sludge
and debris," said Schiansky. "Using the Floto-
Pump, we don't run into that problem. The pump
actually pulls in water off the top of the dam so
sludge and debris is not a concern."

A recent example of when the USFB's effective
methods came in to play was when the USFB was
called to assist on a fire in the Mount Bold area,
approximately 45-kilometers away from the station.

The fire, which was initiated in the grassland, had
spread into a plantation pine forest and a water
reservoir - a reservoir that holds water for the city
of Adelaide.

On this particular day, the state was having
extreme fire weather conditions due to high winds,
dry fuel loading and low rainfall. "This allowed the
fire to move and establish itself quite quickly," said
Schiansky. "When it was all said and done and the
fire was contained, it had spread to approximately
2,000 hectares."

When the USFB arrived on the scene, they were
placed into "asset protection". Working with the
Mt. Lofty Strike Team, the USFB had engaged
the Upper Sturt 24. During the fight, the appliance
was running low on water and was re-deployed to
a nearby house that was under immediate threat.

On arrival, firefighters from the USFB saw that a
vehicle was on fire next to the house. The garage
was also fully engulfed, causing immediate danger
to the house. The three appliances that were attend-
ing the fire were also low on water and were not
able to continue to fight the fire. The Bulk water
carriers were not able to enter the hot zone of the fire
as it was too dangerous for their safety. That's when
firefighters from the USFB began to look for possible
alternatives to suppress the fire until the bulk water
carriers could arrive when the fire became safe.

Noticing that there was a swimming pool at the
front of the house Captain Schiansky, grabbed their
brigade's Floto-Pump and placed it within the pool.
Connecting a 38mm hose to the pump, Schiansky
and his fellow firefighters were able to extinguish
car and the house before it became fully involved,
thus saving the house from destruction. "Even
though we couldn't save the garage, we were able
to save the house," says Schiansky.

"The area we were firefighting only had water in
storage tanks or holding dams," said Schiansky. "If it
wasn't for the Floto-Pump, we would have lost a
house worth $500,000. So was a $3,000 invest ment
in a portable pump worth it? Every penny! " E23

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

SHOW PREVIEW

The Gateway to
a Disaster-Free

world!

Join 'Fire & Safety EXPO KOREA 2007! It is the largest total safety exhibition of
its kind in Korea covering every aspect of disaster prevention. About 200 leading
fire & safety companies and 20,000 buyers from around the world will meet one
another and explore the present and the future of the industry at the Fire &
Safety EXPO Korea 2007, gateway to the Asian market.

Please contact the secretariat:
Fire & Safety EXPO
KOREA 2007
Tel: +82-53-601-5065
Email: info@fireexpo.co.kr
Website: www.fireexpo.co.kr
in advance

Please register on-line
(http://www.fireexpo.co.kr/en
g/visi/online_visi.asp) right
now!

F ire & Safety EXPO KOREA presents new
upcoming innovations to make the safe world
reality and brings together users and suppliers
of the global fire and safety industry. At the same
time, it offers a market where public procurement,
B2B and B2C are dynamically blended in. You can
find all the useful information here and meet key
players from government, industry and academia
all around the world.

All eyes of world professionals are centered on
Fire & Safety EXPO KOREA 2007!

Korea is one of the biggest markets in Asia
about USD 17 billion in the fire & safety area.
Korean government (NEMA) has been eager to
boom up the Fire & Safety Industry by strong
policy and has supported Fire & Safety EXPO
KOREA.

This exhibition has special program called
'Oversea Buyers Invitation Program' to provide
easy access to overseas buyers. Don't miss such a
cost-effective chance to visit Korea with less effort.
This program provides free accommodation for
two nights and breakfast in deluxe hotel to reliable
buyers and includes 'free city tour', 'Interpretation
service' and 'Shuttle bus service'. EDQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

WWW fireexpo .co.kr

Gateway to a Disaster Free World !

Fire EXP

FIRE & SAFETY EXPO KOREA 2007

Fire & Safety EXPO KOREA 2007

April 24(Tue) ► 27(Fri) • EXCO(DAEGU)

Number of Exhibitors 20 Countries, 200 Companies, 800 Booths
Visitors(Expected) Total 70,000 People from 40 Countries

Exhibits Profile Fire Prevention, Fire Extinguishing, Rescue & EMS, Disaster prevention, City Safety,
Industry Safety, Security

Conference & Events Inti fire prevention symposium, Inti seminar on disaster, Academic conference,
New Technology & Product Publication, Adventure 1 1 9

Hosted by | N EM A (National Emergency Management Agency), Daegil Metropolitan City

Organized by | KFI (Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Corporation), EXCO (Daegu Exhibition & Convention Center)

Supported by | Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, Public Procurement Service, Korea Meteorological Administration,

Korea Foreset Service, Korea Trade Investment Promotion Agency, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency,

Korea Fire-fighting Escapement Industry Cooperative, Korea Fire Safety Association, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering,
National Fire Volunteer Association, Korea Institute of Fire Science & Engineering Society of Fire Protection Engineers,

Korea Disaster Prevenion Association, Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Construction Association of KOREA,

Korean Emergency Medical Technician Association, Korea Mech. Const. Contractors Association, Korea Specialty Contractors Association

Secretariat of Fire EXPO 2007

Tel: +82-53-601-5085 Fax: +82-53-601-5079 E-mail: info@fireexpo.co.kr

NEWS

Cranford

Controls

Task Force Tips' New Jumbo
BIV provides big water relief

Vantage family extended
with 12V Blue Beacon for
security applications

CRANFORD CONTROLS' Vantage range of high
performance beacons for fire and security
system applications has been extended with the
introduction of a 12V blue version. The device
uses the latest high output surface mount white
LEDs to produce a brilliant 1 Hz flash. Current
consumption is 12mA in normal mode, or for
large installations, low current mode can be
selected during installation to reduce the
current draw to 8mA to reduce power supply
and battery back-up requirements.

The beacon itself is mounted into a separate
base using a bayonet lock, allowing the unit to
be easily changed if the system configuration is
modified after installation. The separate base
also means that the device itself does not have
to be installed during the first fix, reducing the
possibility of damage.

Cranford Controls is a leading independent
manufacturer of audible and visual warning
devices and ancillary products for use in the fire,
security and process control industries.

For more information, please contact:
Cranford Controls Ltd.

Email: c.ayling@cranfordcontrols.com
Website: www.cranfordcontrols.com

TASK FORCE TIPS' new
Jumbo BIV marries the
industry's largest ball intake
valve waterway with the
industry's toughest coatings,
producing a corrosion
resistant valve that delivers
huge water with loss of only
3 psi @ 2,000 gpm.

"We can't keep these
jumbo valves on the shelves,"
said TFT's Vice President of
Sales and Marketing Rod
Carringer, pointing to a
group of new Jumbo BIVs
being prepared to ship. "I
guess word got out from our
field testing, because people
started calling for them even before our
new catalog came out."

The new Jumbo BIV's 5!4 inch waterway
is the answer to repeated requests for
higher flows from customers who swear
by TFT's top selling BIV - a unit that
features a standard 3% inch waterway.
Although engineers nearly doubled the
standard waterway size, they added less
than an inch in unit height and 1 14 inch in
length.

"We've triple coated the BIV ever since
it was introduced back in 2002," Carringer
said. "Not only do we rely on our unique
poly-impregnation process, but we also
hard coat anodize AND powder coat finish
them for additional protection against
harsh environments. Then we used
stainless steel components on the valve's
wet side, as an extra layer of protection. If
that doesn't convince you, remember that
the Jumbo BIV's backed by TFT's
remarkable five-year product guarantee."

The new Jumbo BIV's 30° elbow swivels
360°, allowing hose connections from any
direction with minimal kinks and coupling
stress. It also has a unique position

indicator that lets the operator know if the
valve is opened, closed or somewhere in
between. Its hand wheel, which can be
installed on either the left or right side,
takes a full 714 turns to close, meeting
NFPA slow-close requirements.

"All of which may sound like overkill.
But that protection from corrosion is what
allows TFT's BIVs to work under the most
extreme conditions. Because, after all,
firefighters work under extreme conditions
every day," Carringer said. "This may be a
new product, but it has the same TFT
quality that people worldwide have grown
accustomed to buying. Not to mention our
24 hour service line, which we've had for
years, because most firefighters don't just
work from nine to five."

For those with 4 inch or 414 inch intake
threads on their pump, TFT has two
adapter rings that are featured in its new
catalog.

For more information, please contact:

Task Force Tips, Inc.

Tel: +1 219 548 1051
Website: www.tft.com

The wolf Safety

THE LIGHT
CHOICE

The new Wolf rechargeable, lightweight
R-50 safety torch, ATEX Certified to Zone
1 , originally designed for the European
firefighting market, is now becoming the
preferred choice for offshore gas and oil
operators around the world.

The R-50 incorporates new technology
in the form of ultra lightweight, high
capacity lithium-ion rechargeable cells,
coupled with state-of-the-art battery control
technology, which notably improves

Lamp Company -

performance and reliability, eliminating
memory effect, thus reducing total 'cost of
ownership' by extending the life-cycle of
the product.

The outstanding beam from its LED light
source penetrates smoke to a level never
previously experienced, and with two levels
of light output the torch provides up to six
hours duration. Ergonomically designed
with easy single-handed switching, the
robust R-50 is also low maintenance, with
quick component replacement. For
additional safety, battery state-of-charge is
shown as a bar of high intensity red LEDs,
each one extinguishing as the battery
charge diminishes. In an emergency, the
R-50 can be recharged to 90 per cent
capacity in 90 minutes.

For more information, please contact:

Wolf Safety Lamp Co Ltd.

Email: info@wolf-safety.co.uk
Website: www.wolf-safety.co.uk

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Further details can be found at
our website: www.ffeuk.com

PRODUCT PROFILE

A Beam

Detector for all
installations

When it comes to optical beam smoke detectors no other company has the
experience, or the product range, of Fire Fighting Enterprises Ltd. With well
over 600,000 beams installed, including in some of the World's most prestigious
buildings, it is clear that the FireRay series of projected beam detectors is the
model of choice for both installers and specifiers.

The model range comprises:

The FireRay 2000 end-to-end beam detector, a

well-established product noted for its ruggedness,
small detector head size and low level control. The
small size of the transmitter and receiver mean
that it is ideally suited to projects where a low
visual impact is required, such as buildings of
historical importance. The FireRay 2000 has CPD,
EN54 and UL certification plus others. A typical
installation is Hong Kong International Airport
where the beams do not interfere with the
stunning Norman Foster design.

The FireRay 50/100 reflective beam detectors

were amongst the first purpose built reflective
products. The big advantage with this product is
that both the transmitter and receiver are in the
same discrete unit, which reduces the amount of
cabling required thus saving time and significantly
reduces installation costs. The FireRay 50/100
reflective has CPD, EN54 and UL certification plus
others. This beam has been used in many presti-
gious locations including the British Museum and
the Foreign Office in London.

The FireRay 2000 Eexd is the only ATEX 94/9/EC
certified beam detector available. Its flameproof
construction and robust housing make it particu-
larly suitable for use in hazardous locations where
other types of smoke detection would be
unsuitable. Typical applications are oil refineries,
petrochemical plants and warehouses for the
storage of flammable liquids. These beams have
been successfully used in ordnance bays in the
Falkland Islands and in some marine applications.

The new flagship model of the range is the innov-
ative FireRay 5000 Auto-Aligning Infra-Red
Optical Beam Smoke Detector. This is a completely
new design that incorporates pioneering technology
that addresses the needs of both user and installer.
Key features include: Easifit First Fix system; LASER
assisted alignment, AutOptimise automatic beam
alignment and a 2-wire interface from the detector
to the controller. This pioneering product is currently
going through the approval process for CPD, EN54
and UL and is protected by British Patent Application
2426323 and by International Patent Applic ation
PCT/GB2006/1 799 pending. E23

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VIEWPOINT

Fire Safety issues
■n Singapore,

Then and now

By J. C. Jones

Department of
Engineering
University of Aberdeen

j.c.jones@

eng.abdn.ac.uk

The island nation of Singapore was established as a British possession by
Stamford Raffles in 1819. In 1855, by which time the population of Singapore
had increased hugely, there were heavy financial losses through a major fire in
Kling St. in the Chinese district.

T here was no organised fire response team in
Singapore until 1869, when the government
created volunteer fire brigades which proved
ineffective. In 1888 the City Council set up a
single Singapore Fire Brigade which was properly
capitalised with equipment and trained fire
fighters. It used horse-drawn appliances until
1908 when these were replaced by motorised
appliances. The year 1908 was a significant one
for the Brigade in another respect: it was in that
year that the Central Fire Station in Hill St. was
opened. It had been built and fitted out at a cost
of $64000, an enormous sum in those days. A very
imposing building and for many years the tallest
building in Singapore, Central Fire Station is still
functioning although parts of it are used to house
a museum.

The remit of the Singapore Fire Brigade was
extended in 1928 to take in ambulance services. In
anticipation of war, the Brigade was in March
1939 augmented by an Auxiliary Fire Service. Then
came the Japanese occupation of Singapore. At
that time the Singapore Fire Brigade had many
British officers, and the usual fate of British
expatriate at the time of the occupation was to be
sent to the appallingly cruel POW camp at Changi.
British firemen serving with the Singapore Fire
Brigade were spared internment at Changi
because of the need for a fire service to remain in
operation during the occupation.

The Singapore Fire Brigade retained that name
until 1980 when it became the Singapore Fire
Service. Major fires in the fighting of which the
Brigade had had an involvement in the meantime
include that at a squatter settlement in the part of
Singapore known as Bukit Ho Swee in 1961, in
which there were four deaths and eighty-five
non-fatal injuries. Sixteen thousand people lost
their homes, such as they were, in the fire. The fire
is seen as having a place in social history in that it
showed that not only disease and infection but
also extreme fire hazards result when human
beings have to live under such conditions. The rea-
son is not at all difficult to understand: the fire
load at a squatter camp would be higher than that
in decent residences. The fire load in homes in the
UK, averaged over the entire floor area, is typically
8 lb of flammable material per square foot of floor
space. We can be quite sure that the fire load at
Bukit Ho Swee at the time of the fire greatly
exceeded this, with the tragic consequences

described. Just over a decade after the Bukit Ho
Swee fire came that at Robinson's Department
store in Raffles Place, Singapore. This had been
founded as far back as 1858 and by the time of
the fire had a number of branches in the region
and a franchise to sell Marks and Spencer prod-
ucts. In November 1972 the store was destroyed
by fire with the loss of nine lives.

At the present time the Singapore-Malaysia
region is becoming a leading centre for oil and gas
activity. Singapore itself is chiefly in downstream
activity including refining. The Bukom refinery in
Singapore is the largest of all the refineries in the
world operated by Shell, processing 500,000
barrels of crude oil per day largely for export to
other countries of the Far East. Huge quantities
of hydrocarbons pass through the Port of
Singapore. Such activity brings commensurate
responsibility in terms of fire protection and
preparedness for a major fire and in the 'post 9/1 1 '
world there is the added dimension of possible
terrorism. A vessel containing liquefied natural
gas (LNG) is a possible terrorist target, there
being a great deal of LNG transportation by sea to
countries including Japan. There have been
concerns about LNG tankers in Boston Harbour,
where such tankers pass quite close to residential
property. That is one reason why it is proposed to
build a storage facility for LNG at Outer Brewster
Island, ten miles out to sea from Boston and
currently a redundant military site. There is a great
deal of LNG activity in Singapore and proposals to
build an LNG terminal. The concerns about Boston
apply also to Singapore: an LNG tanker there or
an LNG facility onshore could be a target for
terrorism.

This article began by tracing the development of
a fire service for Singapore when it was a British
territory with a highly varied racial profile. It has
also pointed out the significance of the fire at
Bukit Ho Swee. Singapore is now an island state of
population about 3.5 million and a major centre
of affairs in the hydrocarbon industry. The article
will conclude with two points which the present
author does not necessarily unreservedly endorse
but which will interest readers. One is that the
Bukit Ho Swee fire has been compared to the
Great Fire of London. The other is that in terms of
oil and gas supply Singapore is being compared
with Houston. Thoughtful readers should evaluate
each of those for themselves! EEQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

The Drager PSS 7000 is the result of Drager’s ongoing commitment
to providing professional fire fighters with a world class state-of-the-art
breathing apparatus.

PIONEERING SOLUTIONS »

Key new features of the PSS 7000 is the harness that uses advanced
materials and moulding methods to produce exceptional wear
resistance and a high grip anti-slip surface to ensure that the harness
remains secure on the body.

With easier seamlessly integration and interface with the facemask,
communication equipment, head protection and good ergonomic
design to create a higher performance personal safety system, the
Drager PSS 7000 is a major leap forward in the evolution of breathing
apparatus for the professional fire fighter.

Drager Safety Asia Pte Ltd *Tel +65 6872 9288 Tax +65 6773 2033 • E-mail : dsa.singapore@draeger.com

Dragersafety

Drager PSS 7000

Detection

Personal Protection

Diving Equipment

Systems Technology

www.draeger.com

Step Up to Electronic
Remote-Controlled Monitors

Protect Your Facility, Product and People.

Designed for use by petrochemical refineries, transporters and processors,
these fully-customizable, advanced electronic systems are safer
and more reliable than manual monitors.

Clients around the world have trusted Elkhart Brass for fire fighting equipment for over a century. Now Elkhart
Brass offers you advanced - electronic -remote-controlled monitor systems for industrial fixed installations.

You can depend on Elkhart Brass as your one source to take care of everything -from consultative design through
manufacturing, programming, certification, commissioning, testing and for after-sales support through our world-
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Fire Fighting Equipment

The Most Experienced Manufacturer of Fire Fighting Equipment

Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., Inc. I 1-574-295-8330 I 1-800-346-0250 I www.elkhartbrass.com

MONITORS

Fire Fighting
Monitors:

By Michael Mills

Product Manager,
Angus Fire

Selecting the Right One for your
Application

Fire fighting monitors are used to apply water, foam or dual agents wherever
there are large quantities of flammable or combustible liquids. Storage and
process areas in the oil and petrochemical sectors are the most common
applications. In the world of transport they are found on shipping and loading
jetties, airport crash tenders, aircraft hangars and helicopter landing areas.
Industrial applications include power stations and incineration plants. Monitors
catering for all these different applications are available in a bewildering choice
of designs, sizes, materials and nozzle configurations. Here Michael Mills of
Angus Fire explains how to choose the right monitor for your application.

Storage facilities

M onitors are widely used for protecting
storage tanks containing hydrocarbon and
polar solvent flammable liquid risks. Fixed
systems incorporate hand-operated monitors,
geared monitors with hand wheels and oscillating
monitors. These are used not only to apply foam
on to fires but also to cool adjacent tanks. Flows
of 4,000 to 7,500 Ipm at 7 bar will normally
achieve an adequate reach.

Supplementary cover is provided by portable
and mobile monitors. Small monitors can be
designed to be carried by hand and placed on the
ground to provide a rapid response in the event of

a fire. They must be properly secured so they
cannot move once the water flow and pressure is
applied, usually by means of fire hoses and portable
pumps. Portable ground monitors should combine
light weight with stability, and be quick and easy
to deploy and fold away. Light alloy models with
Th inch inlet connections have capacities of
around 1800 Ipm at 7 bar but higher outputs can
be achieved by using an anchor spike on soft
ground that helps to resist the jet reaction forces.

Larger hand-portable models with 3 and 4 inch
inlets and capacities of 2,700 to 3,700 Ipm at 7
bar are secured by means of an adjustable bipod
arrangement. The throw is defined in terms of

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

MONITORS

FIRE FIGHTING MONITORS: SELECTING THE RIGHT ONE FOR YOUR APPLICATION

height and distance. For example, the Angus Titan
will put foam on to the top of a fuel storage tank
20 metres high from a distance of 30 metres.

Moving up the scale, monitors such as the
Angus Colossus with capacities ranging from
3,000 to 40,000 Ipm can also be mounted on
trailers. The mobile monitor can be used to reach
areas not well covered by fixed monitors. Trailers
are often fitted with outriggers to provide stability
and water tanks on the trailer can be filled to
provide additional weight for stability. Extra tanks
can also be specified to provide foam.

Restricted access

In some applications, such as loading jetties or
locations with explosive atmospheres, it is neces-
sary to operate a monitor remotely. To do this
motors are fitted to move the monitor body in the
horizontal and vertical planes. In addition, if the
monitor is fitted with an adjustable nozzle this will
also need to be moved with a motor or actuator.
Remote control monitors often need to meet the
standards for operation in an area subject to
explosive gases such as ATEX in Europe or NEC in
the USA. Some applications require a master panel
and slave panel arrangement, while others require
feedback to show the operator where the monitor
is pointing so that it can be operated even when
smoke obscures the view.

Remote control monitors are available with
hydraulic or electric drives or a combination of
both. Hydraulic motors have the advantages of
low cost, simplicity, ease of maintenance and are
usually explosive proof. There is no need to use
limit switches on the motors since they simply
recycle the hydraulic fluid without damage when
they reach the limit of travel. Their compactness
makes them ideal for marine jetty protection,
ships, incineration plants and power generation.
However, the maximum distance between the
monitor and control panel is limited to 300 metres
and there are no facilities for a secondary panel or
position indicators.

In some applications, such as
loading jetties or locations
with explosive atmospheres, it
is necessary to operate a
monitor remotely.

Electric motors must have a mechanism to stop
the current when they reach the limit of travel or
they may burn out. Modern positioning encoders
and electronic controls are today replacing the
more traditional overload protection devices. Electric
motors have the advantages of a possible master
and slave panel arrangement, built-in encoders
that will show the monitor position if required,
and the distance between the monitor and master
panel is unlimited. However, electric models can
be expensive if explosive proof motors are neces-
sary. Secondary panels in an explosive area also
need to be contained in explosive proof casings.

For some applications, combined hydraulic/
electric systems are preferred. In these the monitor
is moved using hydraulic motors, but the hydraulic
power is provided by individual hydraulic power
packs mounted at the base of the monitor.
The power packs are generally explosive proof.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

UNIFIRE AB • Kungalv, Sweden

International sales: Tel +46 303 248403 • sales@unifire.com
Tel +46 303 248400 • Fax +46 303 248409
Web: www.unifire.com • Mail: info@unifire.com

UNIFIRE FORCE50 and FORCE80, with radio remote option

• Stainless 316 • Full 360° rotation, +/- 90° elevation • Integrated wormgear drive

• Integrated nozzle mechanics • Progressive optical joystick

• Proportional nozzle control • Record-and-play feature • Valve control

• Parking position • Low weight • Compact size • RS232 Network interface

• CANBUS communication • Multiple joysticks .... and much more

FORCE

STAiniess

STEEL

REmOTE

COnTROL

monuoRS

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

MONITORS

The advantages of this arrangement are that it
combines the benefits of using hydraulic motors
with the benefits of electrical control panels,
retaining the option of a slave panel and no
distance limitations between the master panel and
the monitor.

Explosive environments

Monitors often need to be sited in areas where
gases or flammable liquids that give off vapours
are processed, stored or transported. While there
is little risk of explosion when the liquids and
gases are contained, it must be assumed that
there is a risk of explosion if there is a breakdown,
a release or a fire. To allow for this, specifications
normally call for monitors and their control
systems to be manufactured and approved to
international explosion proof standards such
as the European ATEX (ATmospheres EXplosibles)

or NEC (National Electrical Code) in the USA.

Under the ATEX Directive most monitors will be
sited in a "Zone 1 " atmosphere where ignitable
concentrations of flammable gases, vapours or
liquids are likely to exist under normal operating
conditions. Zone 1 requires monitors and control
equipment to be "Group II" approved. A Zone 1
environment requires equipment classified as
"Category 2G", where G stands for gas. The type
of protection applied is defined by the CENELEC
(Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electro-
technique) code. Ratings are described by a letter
preceded by "EEx". An explosive or flame proof
enclosure for a control panel intended for a Zone
1 area would be classed as "EEx d". In addition,
the maximum surface temperature the equipment
can generate is also added to ensure it cannot
form the source of ignition for any gases present.
The code "T4" indicates a maximum temperature

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

\8m

MONITORS

FIRE FIGHTING MONITORS: SELECTING THE RIGHT ONE FOR YOUR APPLICATION

The ATEX system became mandatory in Europe
in July 2003 and reflects a more up-to-date
method of working. It also takes into account a
wider range of parameters than the US system. As
a result, ATEX is a more comprehensive system
and is therefore preferred for most fire fighting
specifications.

of 135°C, which caters for most fire fighting
requirements in industrial areas. Therefore, for a
monitor used to protect a Zone 1 area, for example
a hydrocarbon loading jetty, the ATEX approval
should read "CE Ex II 2 II EEx d T4".

Under the NEC system, areas are firstly given a
"Class" location for specific applications. Class 1
covers flammable gases, vapours or liquids. Classes
are further divided into "Divisions". Division 2 is
defined as "Where ignitable concentrations of
flammable gases, vapours or liquids are not likely
to exist under normal operating conditions". There
is a further classification for the type of gas or
vapour that may be present and their ignition tem-
peratures. Most industrial groups fall under
Groups C and D. Therefore, a typical monitor
installed under the US classification system may be
required to operate in a Class 1, Division 2 area in
which gases in Groups C and D may be present.

Transport applications

A wide range of oscillating monitors is available
which provides a powerful, sweeping water
stream for high performance attack and protec-
tion. These are used principally in aircraft hangars
and on offshore helicopter landing areas.

Safety levels at airports have been rising in
recent years thanks to greater use of advanced
oscillating monitor technology in aircraft hangars.
Fire protection for aircraft hangars, whether civil or
military, has traditionally been based on NFPA 409.
Generally the requirements have been for foam-
water deluge systems incorporating sprinkler
heads such as the Angus K40 supplemented by
low-level oscillating foam monitors for under-wing
protection.

But in recent years operators have been moving
away from overhead sprinkler systems in favour of
oscillating monitors mounted not only at low-level
for under-wing protection, but also at high level
for fuselage and over-wing protection. The main
reason for this trend is the growing belief that
most hangar fires occur at floor-level. It takes less
time for foam to reach such fires from floor-
mounted monitors than from sprinklers mounted
on high ceilings. Monitors sweeping automatically
through pre-set arcs of oscillation can cover vast
areas of hangar floor space with foam within
seconds of actuation.

Safety levels at airports have
been rising in recent years
thanks to greater use of
advanced oscillating monitor
technology in aircraft hangars.

The effectiveness of overhead sprinkler systems
in extinguishing fires that occur inside parked air-
craft has also been called into question. While the
gentle downward flow of foam from sprinklers may
be deflected by air turbulence created by such fires,
oscillating monitors mounted at high-level ensure a
more powerful and penetrating delivery of foam.

Another important consideration is that monitor
systems require lower water demands and reser-
voirs, lower pumping capacity, and simpler piping
arrangements than overhead sprinkler systems. In
other words, they are simpler and cheaper to
install, maintain and operate.

Automatic oscillating monitors are generally
fabricated from bronze and are available in capaci-
ties of 4,000 to 8,500 Ipm at 7 bar. The oscillating
mechanism does not require filtered water and a
broad oscillation angle is normally adjustable from
45° to 120°. The number, capacities and locations
of oscillating monitors depend on factors such as
the hangar layout, available water pressures and
the aircraft parking areas requiring coverage. EQ3

Michael Mills is Product
Manager at Angus Fire,
responsible for the global
marketing of the company's
Streamline range of fire
fighting monitors. Angus Fire
has been at the forefront of
fire fighting monitor
development for over forty
years including fixed and
mobile, manual and remote
control, water and foam
models. Angus Fire is part of
UTC Fire & Security, a United
Technologies Corp.
(NYSE:UTX) business unit,
which provides fire safety
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customers around the world.
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Connecticut, USA.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NITTAN

When Response
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The Nittan Model 2RA-P is a point type flame
detector capable of providing a very fast response
due to its high sensitivity. It is a sensor with state-of-
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occurrence of false alarms whilst remaining highly
sensitive.

It detects infrared energy emitted in fire and sends a
signal to an automatic fire alarm system or to a fire
alarm control panel.

It is capable of providing a supervision distance of
17m ~ 30m and a supervision angle of 100 Q Max.

For the detection of Infrared energy, a “pyro-electric effect” is
used to detect the flicker frequency of the flame (1 - 10 Hz )
and monitor the special characteristics of CO 2 resonant
emission from the flame (wavelength of 4.3pm), as well as a
non-fire-alarm discrimination wavelength region (around
4.0pm), thus, increasing the reliability of the detector with
respect to false alarms.

The 2RA-P declares a fire only if the following condition is
reached:

CO 2 Resonant Emission Signal level > Non Fire Alarm
Signal Level.

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ALARM SYSTEMS

Effective Fire
System warning
Devices

By Dave Coverdale

Cranford Controls

All emergency alarm systems contain audible and visual signals to alert people of
danger once a hazard has been detected. Until the development of the folded
horn sounder, the fire alarm bell was the only audible warning device available;
although it generates a familiar and unambiguous noise, it was originally a
current hungry device, unsuitable for use in today's systems.

R ecent technology advances in the design of
fire alarm bells have reduced current
consumption significantly; they now require
only a few milliamps for operation, making them
compatible with electronic sounders. Bells are still
extremely popular, particularly in smaller and less
sophisticated installations. Obviously, they only
generate a single tone, unlike electronic sounders
where today's devices typically generate 30 or 40
different tones. Part of the reason for the
proliferation of different tones is that the various
regulatory authorities often define specific tones,
and, with multi-stage alerts increasingly common,
several clearly distinguishable tones are obviously
required to differentiate between the various
stages.

The effectiveness of a sounder is highly
dependent on the frequency of the tone being
generated. The efficiency of the transducer is

frequency dependent, as is the attenuation of the
generated sound with distance. The convention,
followed by most manufacturers, is to state a
dB(A) output level at 1 metre, but specifiers should
carefully read the small print in the specification,
because in a multi-tone sounder, the dB levels of
the various user-selectable tones of different
frequency can vary drastically. In general, for lower
frequency tones of less than 1000Hz, the lower
the dB output level, and for higher frequency
ones, greater than 1000Hz, the higher the dB
level. Given that sound is a pressure wave, it is not
difficult to see that to convert electrical energy
into sound is less efficient at lower frequencies
because the transducer has to move larger
volumes of air to achieve the same sound pressure
level. The attenuation factor with distance is also
frequency dependent, with the attenuation slope
steeper at higher frequencies: in everyday life, this

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ALARM SYSTEMS

is why one only hears the bass notes from a loud
source of music some distance away. The other
consideration to be taken into account is the
tolerance specified for the output level: 3dB makes
quite a difference.

The majority of manufacturers produce different
families of devices offering various output levels
and physical configurations, both to ensure that
the output of the device is suitable for the applica-
tion and to give low cost installation. Typically,
sounders are either stand-alone wall or ceiling
mounted devices; alternatively for many commercial
applications the sounders are designed to be

mounted under smoke detectors to reduce instal-
lation costs and to give a single integrated_unit.

In the UK, BS5839 Part 1, the Code of Practice
for the installation of fire alarm systems, states
that the output from a sounder must be between
65 and 120dB(A) and that the overall output from
the sounders must be at least 5dB above
the known ambient background noise level. The
sound level reduces by 6dB every time the distance
from the source doubles, so, for example, in an
environment with an ambient noise level of
65dB(A), the effective distance of a 100dB(A)@
1 metre sounder is 32m, the distance at which the

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EFFECTIVE FIRE SYSTEM WARNING DEVICES

sounder output level reduces to 70dB(A). Compare
the effective distance, 32m, of a 100dB(A)
sounder with that of an 88dB(A) unit, which drops
to 70dB at 8m, giving an area coverage 16 times
greater with a 12dB difference in output level. This
reduction in the effective distance emphasises the
importance of checking the output level against
frequency. However, high output sounders should
not be used in low ambient noise areas or as a
means of "drenching" the area in sound. Alarm
systems that are too loud may be dangerous,
cause panic, discomfort, and make communication
very difficult, impeding evacuation procedures.
The overall alarm level throughout the area should
be a maximum of 10 to 15dB above the ambient
background noise. Combined voice and tone
alarms give an unambiguous message if used
correctly, but the voice component is more likely to
be more directional and will usually be at least
6 dB(A) less than the tone; this must be allowed
for when designing the system as the tone
element will be audible at least twice as far away
as the verbal messages.

In the open, sound will spread in all directions,
but in an enclosed space, some will be reflected,
giving an increased sound level. The closer a wall-
mounted sounder is positioned to the ceiling, the
more sound will be reflected; for a ceiling mounted
unit, the reverse is equally true. A sounder
mounted on a wall is more effective than when
mounted on a pillar. Sounders should be sited so
as to avoid immediate obstacles and at an ideal
height of 2 to 2.5 metres. Synchronised sounders
give a more effective overall effect because the
sound pressure waves tend to reinforce each other
rather than cancelling themselves out.

Visual warning devices

Increasingly, fire legislation around the world is
requiring that audible warnings are supported by a
visual indicator to ensure that the deaf are made
aware of an emergency. A further increasingly
common requirement is that beacons should be
synchronised to reduce the risk of triggering
epileptic seizures in susceptible people. A visual
indicator should only be used as reinforcement to
an audible signal, not as the primary hazard signal.
The visibility of a beacon is dependent on the
brightness of the light source and the lens colour:
as a rule of thumb, the intensity of a beacon is
reduced by 25% as the viewing distance doubles.

Quality

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We also offer value added services such as product branding,
personalised literature, bespoke products, OEM manufacturing and
of course 24 hour delivery on all standard products to UK main
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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ALARM SYSTEMS

Lens colour

Light Source

Clear

Yellow

Amber

Red

Blue

Green

Xenon

100%

93%

70%

23%

24%

25%

Filament

100%

95%

70%

17%

12%

Beacons should be positioned to be in direct
line of sight with the maximum light output emitted
over the desired area of coverage. The effective
area of a beacon is a function of the typically
horseshoe shaped Xenon tube and the mounting
angle of the lens. Operating at very high voltage
generated by an inverter circuit, the Xenon gas in
the tube breaks down, creating an instantaneous
brilliant flash of light, normally enhanced by using
a 'Fresnel' lens. The light energy of the flash is a
function of the Xenon tube size, the voltage across
it and the capacity of the capacitor discharging
into it. The Xenon strobe beacon has the best light
output to power input ratio and is the most widely
used and versatile technology currently available.
Tube life is critical: it may be as little as 1 million
flashes in cheaper devices but specifiers should
typically expect 5 to 8 million flashes from higher
quality units. All round light dispersion should be
the first consideration when installing a beacon;
ensuring free air movement to prevent the build
up of excessive heat, is also important. Xenon
beacon manufacturers specify performance in a
number of ways: probably the most common
measure is the incident energy applied to the
beacon tube, expressed in Joules or the incident
energy of the device measured in Watts. More
meaningful are the peak and average output light

emissions expressed in candela. "Brightness", often
presented as a polar plot, is often used for more
accurate calculations and coverage predictions.
The perceived brightness of a beacon is dependent
on the brightness of the light source, the lens
colour of the unit and the ambient light level.

The effect of lens colour on the perceived
intensity of the light source within an industrial
environment is quite significant.

Recently, LED technology has rapidly developed,
and the emergence of ultra bright LEDs means the
LED beacon has become a viable and effective low
maintenance alternative to the Xenon strobe. The
use of multi-LED arrays enables different flash
rates, rotating modes and steady state illumination
to be easily achieved, extending the capabilities
and versatility of the units.

Hazardous Areas

Warning devices are required throughout the pro-
tected premises; in hazardous areas, precautions
obviously have to be taken to prevent installed
equipment initiating a fire or explosion. Warning
device manufacturers generally offer both explo-
sion proof and intrinsically safe units. In explosion
proof units, the sealing of the enclosure in which
the device is housed serves a two-fold purpose.
The sealed design prevents the ingress of gas or

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

EFFECTIVE FIRE SYSTEM WARNING DEVICES

dust in the first place and ensures that if an
explosion is initiated inside the unit, the flame and
pressure front is contained. Intrinsically safe
devices use barriers located in the safe area to
restrict the amount of incident energy available
to the unit. The design of the units is closely con-
trolled with large creepage distances between
conductors and other measures to ensure that an
explosion cannot be initiated by the device.

A drawback to intrinsically safe beacons is that
they cannot perform to their full potential because
the limited input energy that is allowed to pass
through the Zener barrier or galvanic isolator is not
sufficient to drive a Xenon tube to its full potential,
significantly reducing its light output. To overcome
this problem, the latest designs of intrinsically safe
beacons use an array of ultra bright LEDs to pro-
duce a bright flashing warning signal in Hazardous
Areas, giving a far more effective visual warning
than the Xenon tube beacon alternatives. High
output LEDs have several advantages over the
Xenon tube: they are mechanically robust, so
service life, particularly if installed in an environment
where shock and vibration is present, is extended.
The solid state devices are also highly efficient at
converting electrical energy into light, producing a
high intensity light source over the lifetime of the
device without significant reduction due to ageing.

Conclusions

Sounders are the primary mechanism for alerting
people in the event of an emergency. Voice alarms
and strobes also have their benefits; the main job
of the system designer is to ensure that the
audible and visual output levels are adequate
throughout the protected area. With so many
different sizes and styles of sounder and beacon,
offering different output levels and degrees of
control available, it is essential that the system
designer and manufacturer work closely together
to ensure that the optimum devices are specified
for each type and size of protected area. The
implications of choosing between explosion proof
and intrinsically safe units for hazardous area use
and the levels of environmental sealing required
for devices installed in dusty or dirty areas are
further complications; again, the manufacturer is
in the best position to assist the system designer
achieve an effective solution at realistic cost. EEQ

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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By Paul Gibson

Regional Export Sales
Manager at Bristol
Uniforms

FIREFIGHTER PROTECTION

Firefighter

Protection:

is improved wearer comfort a
trade-off against safety?

It is testimony to the research and development work undertaken by the major
producers of high performance fabrics and the design advances made by the
leading PPE manufacturers that today's firefighter clothing is not only more
comfortable for the wearer but, in some key respects, safer, too.

C ompared with the PPE offerings available to
world markets at the turn of the millen-
nium, today's designs incorporate a number
of major advances which have been developed
around customer feedback and practical trials
aimed at identifying the key elements which go to
make up an improved product. During the last
5 to 10 years we have also seen both the
Europeans and Americans review and issue new
PPE standards which combine improvements in
performance and safety whilst allowing for the
introduction of designs which also make for
greater wearer comfort.

For many years since the early designs of
specialist firefighter PPE in the 1960s, through the
developments in the 1980's and up to the end of
last century, manufacturers had relied upon
established fibre and textile technology to provide
the basic layers of the garments used to protect

the wearer from the hazards of flame and water in
structural firefighting. These garments incorpor-
ated inner layers of felt which were bulky and
inflexible making them uncomfortable to wear,
particularly over extended periods.

A balancing act

There has always been the need for PPE
manufacturers to achieve a balance between
comfort and safety and it is only in more recent
times that fabric technology has allowed us to
improve substantially the safety of PPE whilst, at
the same time, enhancing the wearability of
protective clothing.

As the knights of old would testify, if they were
alive to tell the tale, full body armour was highly
effective as a defence against pikestaffs, axes and
various other instruments of medieval warfare but
was so heavy that the wearer had to be lifted onto

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIREFIGHTER PROTECTION

IS IMPROVED WEARER COMFORT A TRADE-OFF AGAINST SAFETY?

his horse where, no doubt, many expired from
sheer exhaustion under the weight of their PPE.
No doubt, also, many a horse collapsed under the
weight of rider and armour.

Today we have a wide selection of high
performance materials and fabrics which give
body protection against everything from ballistics
to flame and from water to airborne pollution
including viral and nuclear contamination. It is the
design skills of the PPE manufacturer which are
the key to selecting and using in combination the
very best protective layers whilst at the same time
doing everything possible to minimise the stress on
the wearer of carrying around the PPE on their
bodies when on active service.

Standards to meet

The health and safety of the emergency services
has become a key focus of attention over the last
25 years as new, and increasingly rigorous, safety
standards have been enshrined in regulations. The
means to achieving the levels of protection
required has been a major driving force behind the
development programmes of all the major
manufacturers during this time.

The major standards bodies across the world,
including the 3 main ones ISO, EN and NFPA, have
upgraded their PPE specifications to take account
of changes in the hazards to which the wearer is
exposed but have taken less account of the impact
of specification changes on wearer comfort. This
is not to say that comfort has been ignored
totally but, that in arriving at methods for wearer

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

testing, the level of consideration given has
sometimes lacked the incisiveness and rigour
which could have driven such standards forward
more effectively.

Whilst the standards themselves specify
protection performance, it is the annexes which
consider the practical aspects of wearability and
set out guidelines as to how the various tests
should be carried out.

An example of the need for there to be a closer
integration between standards setting organ-
isations and firefighter operating procedures
was highlighted in late 2003 during independent
heat stress trials being carried out for Bristol
Uniforms by specialist human factors consultancy
Human Vertex Ltd at Birmingham University.
PrEN469:2002, Annex F, the draft European
protocol for use in human physiology research for
testing firefighter PPE, was called into serious
doubt, when, in an unexpected development,
attempts to use the proposed exercise protocol
and assessment methodology as set out in the
annex showed the protocol to be too severe to
allow meaningful results to be achieved. Not only
did the Standard present a general methodology
that was difficult to interpret and reproduce in the
laboratory but, after the initial 6 tests conducted
during the week-long trials on fire kit then
currently in use, none of the fire kit assemblies
tested had met the requirements of the standard.

The health and safety of the
emergency services has
become a key focus of
attention over the last 25 years
as new, and increasingly
rigorous, safety standards have
been enshrined in regulations.

PROT@MI

THE WORLD’S
FIREFIGHTERS

At the time Human Vertex Ltd reported that in
their opinion, "it would have been very unlikely
that any effective fire kit would have passed the
standard. Furthermore, it was felt that the exercise
protocol was unrealistic and dangerous in that it
required the firefighter volunteers to run in fire
kit for over 15 minutes - an activity that goes
against standard Fire & Rescue Service operating
procedures".

This situation was drawn to the attention of
BSI's PH3/2 Heat and Flame Protective Clothing
Committee which withdrew the Annex. At the
time, Dave Matthews, Convenor of WG2
expressed his concern stating, "It is good to see
British manufacturers actively involved in critically
assessing the practicality of test protocols in this
way and, in doing so, helping to lead the
development of better standards of product and
firefighter safety not only in the UK but across the
European Union".

It is, perhaps, a reflection of the lesser
importance attached to the Annex, which is, in
any case, only an informative document, that
no new Annex has yet been published although
its status is currently described as 'amendment
under development'. Across Europe there are

www.bristoluniforms.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIREFIGHTER PROTECTION

IS IMPROVED WEARER COMFORT A TRADE-OFF AGAINST SAFETY?

differences of opinion as to what the Annex
should include. A meeting of Technical Committee
TC162/WG2 responsible for developing standards
for clothing for PPE meets in Manchester (UK) in
March 2007 to discuss work in progress and there
is an expectation that a new Annex will be included
in the mid-term revisions in EN469:2008.

Comfort - impact of user collaboration

Whilst objective measurable tests provide the basis
for determining those features which have a
positive effect on the physiological response of the
wearer, the subjective evaluation in wearer trials is
of considerable importance in the eventual
choice of firefighter PPE. This is true whether
the garments in question are for structural
firefighting, urban search & rescue work or wild-
land firefighting.

There are indications that
firefighter clothing is starting
to be selected with style and
comfort in mind.

Whilst it may not yet be accurate to say that a
firefighter's lifestyle has a significant impact on his
or her choice of PPE workwear, there are indica-
tions that, in the same way that corporatewear
has been increasingly influenced by fashion,
firefighter clothing is starting to be selected with
style and comfort in mind.

A good example of collaborative working
resulted in the supply of new fire clothing to the
Community of Madrid, Spain's largest fire service,
involving the supply of over 1700 sets of fire coats

and trousers 3 years ago. The new lightweight
specification incorporated a Nomex® Ti-Technology
outershell and Gore-Tex® Airlock, a unique
combination of thermal protection and moisture
barrier. Paco Griso Raventos, Managing Director of
Sasatex, Bristol Uniforms' agent in Spain
commented, "In my opinion the contract has been
awarded to us for having made an ergonomically
designed garment which has taken the Bristol
Ergotech™ style to a new level. Today's Spanish
firefighters are younger and more sports orientated,
and in their free time use technical garments. They
want to carry this technology through to the
garments they wear in their working day. The
Madrid Firefighting suit is adjusted to the natural
shape of the body and allows greater freedom of
movement".

Importance of sizing

Correct fit is yet another area which has become a
key issue in clothing generally, particularly where
garments are designed to provide protection or
support. In women's clothing there has been much
publicity given in recent years to the health impli-
cations to women wearing ill-fitting garments.

In an article in Company Clothing in May 2004
a report by Dr Mandy Sowerby, scientific advisor at
Leicestershire Fire & Rescue, was discussed. It drew
attention to the need for female firefighters to be
included in PPE design parameters. In an informal
questionnaire amongst female firefighters she
found considerable dissatisfaction about problems
with fit and comfort and that PPE generally was
failing to reflect the diversity of today's fire service.
She was quoted as saying, "We must insist on a
user-centred approach and design PPE around the
firefighter rather than expect them to adapt".

Leading PPE manufacturers have already taken

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIREFIGHTER PROTECTION

IS IMPROVED WEARER COMFORT A TRADE-OFF AGAINST SAFETY?

note of the study. Bristol Uniforms, for example,
has offered a female range since 1996 and the
report provided an opportunity to review sizing.
The company offers 4 height and 7 girth size
options for females thus offering 28 size options
for its range of PPE styles - the same number of

options as available to male firefighters. Ian
Mitchell, joint MD, commented, "We found our
increments between sizes were correct but the
range of sizes started too large so we were able to
start with a smaller size. We were pleased with our
pattern grading".

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

There is general consensus in the industry that
closer attention needs to be paid to anthropometry
to ensure that wearer comfort is ensured through
regularly revisiting size and pattern grading as
body shapes change over time.

Climatic considerations

It is interesting to reflect on the fact that with the
introduction of high performance PPE with
excellent fire protective properties which allow
firefighters to get closer to fires than ever before
the incidence of heat stress related incidents has
increased. In the UK, a technical spokesman for
Bedfordshire & Luton Fire and Rescue Service was
quoted as saying that, "PPE is so technically
advanced now and flame retardancy so good that
firefighters can get closer to the action. The down-
side is that they are unwittingly absorbing more
heat and suffering from heat stress. I've seen more
firefighters collapsing and being dragged away
from fires whereas years ago the impact of the
heat would have pushed them back".

Over the last 10 years, what
was once a trade-off between
safety and comfort has
increasingly been overcome by
major advances in fabric
technology and PPE design.

This emphasises the need for greater attention
to be given to garment construction which recog-
nises the need for elevated body temperatures to
be minimised by the use of combinations which
allow improved levels of heat dissipation.

This is particularly important in hot and humid
climates such as those commonly experienced in
the Asia Pacific region. New fabrics are being
increasingly used in the latest PPE designs such as
the Ergotech™ and Ergotech Action™ styles
introduced by Bristol Uniforms some 5 years ago
and are now in widespread use around the world.
A number of fire & rescue services in Malaysia and
New Zealand have now moved over to specifying
Ergotech™ fire coats and trousers whilst one of
the largest fire & rescue services in the region,
Hong Kong, has adopted a bespoke style incor-
porating a Gore-Tex® Airlock thermal barrier,
designed to maximise escape of body heat, used
under a DeltaT® outershell.

Conclusions

Over the last 1 0 years, what was once a trade-off
between safety and comfort has increasingly been
overcome by major advances in fabric technology
and PPE design. The world's leading manufacturers
of internationally recognised brands of firefighter
clothing and accessories have risen to the chal-
lenge. They have researched their markets and
introduced designs and styles which not only meet
the safety criteria required by ISO, EN and NFPA
standards but have reduced the physical bulk of
garments and incorporated levels of flexibility
which go a long way to satisfying the greater
comfort demanded by today's firefighting wo men
and men on the front line. EE9

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Extrication Rc

By Brendon Morris Holmatro Rescue Equipment bv

It is well understood that, in order to perform vehicle extrication
rescue effectively, a mix of both theoretical understanding and
practical skills are required. The procedures of stabilisation,
space-creation and eventual patient removal are all practical
operations that need to be performed with a high level of skill.

At the same time, however, it is
/ \ essential that these psychomotor
/ \ skills be performed with a good

understanding of the various implications
they may have. For instance, considera-
tions of safety and medical care are critical
and need to be well understood by the
rescuer. Thus in order to ensure that
extrication rescue is not merely seen as a
practical skill, a good mix of different
educational techniques will need to be
employed in your extrication rescue train-
ing program.

Roughly speaking extrication rescue
educational techniques can be discussed
under three headings. These are theoretical
sessions, hands-on "skill" sessions and
finally hands-on "scenario" sessions. Dis-
cussed briefly below all three of these

educational techniques have a roll to play
in the creation of a complete extrication
rescue training program.

Theoretical sessions are often required to
ensure a firm basis on which to build the
rest of the knowledge creation that needs
to be achieved. For this reason starting in
the classroom is always a good way to
begin a program. Even in the case of an
advanced training workshop for experi-
enced rescuers the use of some classroom
time is useful. A brief discussion in the
classroom before heading out for a hands-
on session will provide the opportunity for a
structured safety briefing, as well as allow
the facilitator to give an overview of what
the planned outcomes of the educational
event are. This provides the required struc-
ture that is often missing in such workshop

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

EXTRICATION RESCUE EDUCATION

VEHICLE EXTRICATION

scue Education

educational program, there are many points to
consider. The well balanced use of both theory
and practical time is a critical consideration for the
development of a successful program. In this
article I have discussed mainly rescue type skills
and understanding. It must, however, be men-
tioned that the understanding of the medical care
of the entrapped patient is as important, and, as
such, should also be given the time it affords, in
any educational program developed. Time spent
properly planning the education of extrication
rescuers that you are responsible for, is time well
spent. I trust that this article has given you s ome
food for thought in this regard. EE9

hands-on sessions for experienced rescuers.

The two types of hands-on educational sessions
are similar in that that they both involve practical
hands-on work but at the same time they are also
fundamentally different in their desired outcome.
Hands-on skills sessions should be used primarily
for inexperienced rescuers who need to be taught
the fundamentals of the various separate
techniques that need to be used together for the
completion of an actual extrication job.

Examples of generic skills that might be taught
in this way include, but are not limited to:

• Vehicle stabilisation techniques

• Door removal techniques

• Glass management techniques

• Roof removal techniques

• Dashboard displacement and other space
creation techniques

The second type of hands-on training is that of
scenarios based hands-on training. These sessions
should be used to ensure that the separate generic
skills mentioned above (taught through the skills
sessions) can be used together effectively and
efficiently to complete an extrication. These two
types of hands-on sessions should not be seen in
isolations, but should rather be considered in
sequence, as a natural progression of understand-
ing required to create an effective extrication
rescue team.

In developing a robust extrication rescue,

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201 37 Milano - Via Ennio, 25 - Italy

Tel.: + 39 02 5410 0818 - Fax + 39 02 5410 0764

E-mail: controllogic@controllogic.it - Web: www.controllogic.it

Sparks fly
at high speed.

Cj soiioo jp

CONTROL LOGIC .*L

CONTROL LOGIC

Spark

detector

They travel at a hundred kilometres
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collection system and reach the silo
in less than three seconds

The CONTROL LOGIC system

is designed for "total supervision".
It verifies that sparks have been
extinguished, gives prompt warning of
any malfunction and, if needed,
cuts off the duct and stops the fan.

designed for
dust collecti
systems
to protect
storage silos
from the risk
of fire.

The CONTROL LOGIC
SPARK DETECTOR

is faster than
the sparks themselves.
It detects them with its highly
sensitive infrared sensor,
intercepts and extinguishes
them in a flash.
It needs no periodic inspection.

201 37 Milano - Via Ennio, 25 - Italy

Tel.: + 39 02 541 0 081 8 - Fax + 39 02 541 0 0764

E-mail: controllogic@controllogic.it - Web: www.controllogic.it

CONTROL LOGIC

BETTER TO KNOW IT BEFORE

Eye is faster than nose

In the event of live fire
the IR FLAME DETECTOR
responds immediately

CONTROL LOGIC
IR FLAME DETECTOR

IR FLAME DETECTOR
RIV-601/FA
EXPLOSIONPROOF
ENCLOSURE

IR FLAME DETECTOR
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For industrial applications indoors
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For industrial applications indoors
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WATER MIST

A Sem-Safe compact
pump unit complete
with reservoir.

By Susan Bang

Danfoss Semco

High Pressure
water Mist
improves
Tunnel Safety

More and more people are coming to a realisation that high pressure water mist
is the answer to many safety issues. In particular, where there is a need to
extinguish, suppress or control a fire without using chemicals or harmful gases.

Water mist history

T he history of water mist goes back a long
time, and brochures can be found describing
water mist in the 1930s. The idea of water
mist was revitalised in the eighties, with the
Swedish company Electrolux as one of the pioneers.
The modern concept of high pressure water mist
spread from there to Finland and Denmark in
particular, where some of the more significant
pioneers of the technology are to be found.

The marine industry was quick to adopt this
very effective and convenient new system, and
new IMO regulations soon set the standard for
tests and operational functionality. These marine
standards are still the benchmark for all water mist
applications, including those used on land. Industry
has been slow to recognise the benefits of high

pressure water mist, although this situation is now
changing. As a result, dedicated standards for
land-based systems are now being developed, in
support of the increased implementation of water
mist applications in industry and construction.

Background

After several very bad tunnel fires in the late
1990s, with multiple casualties and millions of
Euros of damage, tunnel safety became a major
issue for several European governments. A series
of programmes were initiated to investigate what
might be done to improve tunnel safety.

I.e. the FIT European network on fire in tunnels
ran from 2001-2004; UPTUN the best-known pro-
gramme was an EU sponsored initiative that had a
broad mandate to investigate tunnel safety from a

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

WATER MIST

Sem-Safe high pressure
water mist test just
after release o f water
mist.

HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST IMPROVES TUNNEL SAFETY

variety of perspectives, and ran from 2002-2006.
Wide-ranging studies were conducted on issues
including concrete lining, human behaviour, detec-
tion, signals, signs, fire suppression and control,
and more. Similar and complementary work was
carried out under the 2004-2007 German SOLIT
programme.

In 2004, EU directive 2004/54/EC became the
first formal legislative document concerning tunnel
safety across Europe. The directive was created in
response both to the recent tunnel accidents and
to the expectation of increases in border-crossing
traffic across Europe. Personal unease at the
prospect of entering a tunnel may also have
contributed to the creation of the new directive.

The directive was not, however, very specific.
Danfoss Semco believes it should be revised,
taking into consideration the possibility of making
the installation of an active fire control or suppres-
sion system compulsory.

The UPTUN programme

The UPTUN programme, or the 'tunnel pro-
gramme' as it is often referred to, initiated a wide
range of projects or work packages, among which
was the work Package 2, WP2: "Fire development
& mitigation measures".

Within this work package, an extensive number
of fire tests were carried out to determine the
nature of fire development. This included the size
of possible fires, how smoke developed and the
influence of ventilation. A standard fuel package
was also developed, against which some actual
fire suppressant systems could be tested as well as
free burn fires.

Two manufacturers of high pressure systems
and one low pressure system were tested against
standard fuel packages in a test tunnel. More than
80 tests were performed and provided excellent
data on comparative system performance and the

development of fires. The tests also provided
invaluable results, data and experience to the
scientists and test laboratories involved, as well as
to the system manufactures: knowledge and
experience that would be difficult to achieve with-
out the opportunity to participate in a programme
of this kind.

As a conclusion to the test series, a real-scale
fire demonstration took place in the VIRGOLO
Tunnel in February 2005. All test participants were
invited to take part in this demonstration, which
conclusively proved the effectiveness of the high
pressure systems.

The UPTUN guideline 251

The UPTUN programme produced excellent new
knowledge and experience of fire development,
fire mitigation, fuel packages, nozzles and equip-
ment, smoke spread patterns and more. This
valuable experience was subsequently condensed
into a set of engineering guidelines: the UPTUN
"Engineering Guidance for Water Based Fire
Fighting Systems for the protection of Tunnels and
Subsurface Facilities".

This document was created to convey some of
the new knowledge to those who specify systems
and equipment, as well as to share some of the
experience with other manufactures.

Key findings contained in the new
guidelines

It is now understood that fires in tunnels can reach
heat release rates of 100 or even 200 MW within
a very short time. It is not hard to imagine the level
of damage a fire of this intensity could cause to
human life and the physical structure of the
tunnel, as well as to the wider infrastructure. Such
disruption may last as long as several years, and
have a potentially major economic impact. Con-
sequently, fires need to be detected as early as

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HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST IMPROVES TUNNEL SAFETY

WATER MIST

possible and a fire suppression system immediately
deployed to at least control the fire.

Designing an appropriate fire
suppression system

The research findings revealed the need for a
'sectionised' system, in which open nozzles form
sections in the upper part of the tunnel, zones
of at least 30 m in length and for the full width of
the tunnel, from wall to wall. Each section should
have its own section valve and be connected to
the main supply line.

When the nozzles are located in the upper part
of a tunnel, the risk of accidental damage to the
nozzles is less than if they were located at the
bottom part or even in the floor.

Closed nozzles with 'bulbs' were not
recommended due to the extreme speed of fire
development. The problem with using a nozzle
that automatically responds to a sudden rise in
temperature is that it may be triggered in the
wrong area of the tunnel - simply as a result of
hot air and smoke being spread by the tunnel's
ventilation system - wasting valuable water
supplies.

The research results also showed that pump
unit(s) must be capable of supplying at least two
sections of the tunnel simultaneously, on the
assumption that the location of the fire and direc-
tion of fire 'downstream' can be determined.

Reservoirs for water should be of a volume that
will supply water for at least 30 minutes for a
tunnel less than 500 m long and 60 minutes for a
longer tunnel.

Of paramount concern for the long-term safe
operation of a given system is the quality of the
components and materials used in its design. For
example, the new guidelines indicate that materi-
als used for water supply must be stainless steel of
a quality not less than AISI 316 or, for filters and
other parts, non-corrosive materials like plastic.
Zinc-coated carbon steel or any other coating
must not be used, due to the harsh tunnel
environment.

For pump units and other components, exten-
sive recommendations govern pump capacity,

power supply and design with jockey pump,
section pumps, nozzles, and so on.

System reliability

One thing that is often overlooked in the design of
fire control systems in tunnels is the adequate pro-
tection of the nozzles against the high levels of
dirt found in the tunnel environment. The new
guidelines recommend that each individual micro
nozzle should be separately protected, rather than
using one common cap for the whole nozzle. In
the event that the mechanism fails to remove the
protecting cap, conventional single-cap systems
necessarily disable the entire nozzle. In contrast, by
using individual caps for each micro nozzle, the
failure of one cap would still allow the others to
function normally.

Interfaces with other systems, for example
monitoring, detection and ventilation, are essential
for effective overall performance of the tunnel
safety system. This need should be taken into
consideration when designing systems.

All systems must be fully tested before they are
formally commissioned, including the careful
construction and assembly of all system com-
ponents, and thorough flushing and pressure
testing. Historically, these checks have not been
rigorously enforced, and the new guidelines
include recommendations for correctly completing
these activities.

Project management

It is a major challenge to design, supply materials
and components, and install a fire suppressant
system in a tunnel. If the specified system needs to
integrate with systems from other contractors, the
challenge is even greater. It is one thing to have an
excellent water mist system design, but quite
another to be able to get the system into the
tunnel and get it commissioned.

When a tunnel owner or operator chooses a
system, consideration needs to be given to how
the project should be managed and who is to
undertake this key task. Experience has shown
that coordinating several systems and contractors
in a confined space like a tunnel, where it is critical
to follow each construction phase to the letter and
to make best use of each window of opportunity
is not an easy task.

The more systems that can be managed by one
organisation, the better. If the same organisation
can be allowed to manage multiple systems, man-
agement complexity and coordination problems
will be greatly reduced.

Any organisation tasked with managing a
project as complex as the installation and com-
missioning of a tunnel fire safety system should
have a proper project management tool box and
extensive experience of managing similarly
complex projects. Large tunnel or small, the size of
the system is all that changes: the complexity
of co-ordinating the installation of a water mist
project stays the same.

Conclusion

High pressure water mist has developed from pre-
dominantly marine applications to a far wider
range of uses, of which tunnel safety is one. In
critical applications where safety is an issue for
both life, property and the environment, high pres-
sure water mist is often the very best solution. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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One of the few places in the world
without a MAGIRUS ladder.

In order to find a region where there are no MAGIRUS turntable
ladders, you have to search for a very long time. Around the globe,
over 6,000 of our ladders are in service: on all continents, in urban
centres and rural areas, both large and small fire brigades. World-
wide, this number is without equal - and our most convincing refe-
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IVECO

MAGIRUS

IVECO MAGIRUS Brandschutztechnik GmbH
Graf-Arco-Strasse 30 • 89079 Ulm
Fax +49 (0) 731/408-24 10
www.iveco-magirus.de • magirus@iveco.com

AIRCRAFT RESCUE FIRE FIGHTING VEHICLE ROUND UP

The IVECO MACIRUS Airport
Reception Committee

Dragon x6

The protective fire safety on airports is
generally considered to be one of the most
complex and greatest challenges for the
fire services - and thus also for all manu-
facturers of fire fighting vehicles. IVECO
MAGIRUS offers a world-wide unique
product range for holistically covering all
potential hazards that must be met on
airports.

For the protection of buildings and
facilities, IVECO MAGIRUS offers a wide
range from command vehicles via first-
intervention vehicles, light and special fire
fighting vehicles to various different
turntable ladders and aerial telescopic
platforms with a rescue height of up to 54
m. Rescue vehicles and equipment carriers
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roll-off container program complete the
range.

With the airport crash tender range
DRAGON x4, x6 and x8, IVECO MAGIRUS
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Dragon x8

The excellent cross-country capabilities
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The IMPACT series, with the variants x4
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be carried on board. This concept has been
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the more than 150 IMPACT vehicles that
are currently in world-wide operational use
at airport fire service departments.

Recently an IMPACT x6 (TLF 30/57-7-360)
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Adolph-Wuerth-Airport in Schwabisch-Hall
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tanks for 5,700 I water and 750 I of foam
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For more information, please contact:

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Germany

Tel: +49 731 408 2566
Telefax: +49 731 408 2410
Website: magirus@iveco.com

TLF 30/57-76-360

Rosenbauer - technological
leader in ARFF vehicles

ROSENBAUER is the world's largest
manufacturer of special fire-fighting
vehicles. With its wide range of municipal
fire-fighting vehicles and aerials built to
both European and NFPA-Standards, its
extensive series of air-crash tenders
and industrial fire-fighting vehicles,
advanced fire-fighting components and
fire-safety equipment, Rosenbauer is the
industry's "full-liner".

With its worldwide sales and
customer service network, Rosenbauer
is the partner for fire brigades in more
than 100 countries. The technological
leadership is underpinned by a tradition
of innovation. Its central know-how lies in
complex, custom-built fire-fighting systems and
vehicles.

A vehicle for the 21st century

The latest innovation is the new Panther, the top
model in the range of the world's leading
manufacturer in the ARFF vehicle sector. The
new Panther made its public debut at the
"Interschutz" fire-fighting technology trade fair
in Hanover in June 2005.

With this completely new Panther series,
Rosenbauer has set another benchmarks in
design and engineering and thus again
strengthened its position as the technological
leader in the global ARFF vehicle market.

The aim of the new development of the
PANTHER 8x8 and 6x6 series was to orientate
the vehicle more closely to the increases in
airport traffic. The new vehicles are faster than
their predecessors, can carry still more extin-
guishing agents and equipment due to higher

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AIRCRAFT RESCUE FIRE FIGHTING VEHICLE ROUND UP

axle weights, are easier to operate than ever
before due to the electronic control concept and
already meet the exhaust emission requirements
expected in years to come.

In addition, the latest PANTHER models have
an innovative design language, which accentu-
ates the vehicle's attributes of reliability, safety,
power and dynamism. The Panther has already
awarded with the international design labels "iF
Product Design", "Red Dot" and "Focus Energy
Gold".

A chassis in two versions

The 8x8 model comes with the new 1,000 hp
MAN rear-engine chassis and automatic Allison
gearbox, while the 6x6 model uses the 705 hp
rear engine chassis manufactured by
ROSENBAUER in the USA. With its eight powered
wheels, operating weight of 40t, 14,500 I of
extinguishing agents and a top speed of 135 kph,

the PANTHER 8x8 is the ARFF vehicle for planes
with the dimensions of an Airbus A380.

Panorama vision from the cabin

The cabin of the new PANTHER disposes over a
panorama windscreen made of composite safety
glass and for the first time, the vehicle also has
transparent doors. As a result of the enormous
front and side panes, which have been extended
both up- and downwards, the driver has an opti-
mum view of the area surrounding the vehicle.

The futuristic instrument panel, with its
indicator and operating displays conveniently
located between the driver and co-driver, feat-
ures a logic control system (LCS) which permits
genuine "one-man operation" of the Panther's
fire-fighting and vehicle systems. Another high-
light of the development effort is the flap lids of
the equipment lockers, which can now be
opened pneumatically - from the cab.

High-performance, operational
extinguishing technology

The PANTHER 8x8 has been fitted with the
completely new RM60E roof monitor and
the RM15E front monitor. Due to its high
throughput capacity of up to 8,000 l/min at
10 bar and a throw distance of 95m, the RM60E
roof monitor constitutes a significant vehicle
innovation.

Safety requirements for the A-380

Dubai International is currently reckoned to be
one of the fastest-growing airports in the world.
The home airport of Emirates Airlines, which will
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to be ready to meet the safety requirements for
this extraordinary aircraft.

Having seen the new PANTHER generation
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ensure continued compliance with the stringent
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Organisation (ICAO) once the current airport
extension project has been completed, the client
made an immediate decision to purchase the
new model.

The highest category of ICAO certification is
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for the Airbus A-380. ROSENBAUER's inter-
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airports aspiring to this certification.

For more information, please contact:
Rosenbauer International AG
Paschinger StraBe 90
4060 Leonding
Austria

Tel: +43 732 6794 0
Fax: +43 732 6794 89
Email: office@rosenbauer.com
Website: www.rosenbauer.com

SIDES - a UTC Fire & Security Company

Among the various vehicles available from
SIDES and used in airports are Airport
Rescue & Fire-Fighting Vehicles of the
S3000A/MA series.

These are medium to large air crash ten-
ders supplied with a Sides chassis, special
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configuration. All features necessary to
cope with stringent standards and ICAO &
NFPA requirements may be incorporated in
this range that has been successful in
more than 200 airports.

Automatic gearbox & power divider for
pump and roll operation, rear mounted
engine with easy access for maintenance,
GRP tanks and body, long life suspension
and excellent on and off-road capability
are only some of the features appreciated
worldwide.

The large cab having easy access can be
mounted on all models of the S 3000A/MA
series, with seating for up to 5 crew
members. The driver's position is central
and a coloured display, with graphics,

built-in LED indicators and controls, can
enhance user friendlyness with its micro-
processor based system also capable of
storing event data and keeping a log for
maintenance operations.

The S 3000's low centre of gravity and
excellent load distribution among the axles
ensure stability and balance. The various
configuration span from 4,000L-6,000L
water for the 4x4 and up to 1 5,000 L for

the largest 6x6. Usually foam capacity will
be at least 12% of that for water and
vehicles are made to carry specified
amount of powder or other extinguishing
agents as well as gear & accessories
according to airport safety category.

SIDES makes its own pumps, monitors
and proportioning systems and thus
ensures excellent compatibity and opti-
mized design for its vehicles.

Variants to the standard units will
include military versions, air transportability,
and other engine and accessories options.

For more information, please contact:

SIDES

182 rue de Trignac
BP 146

F-44603 Saint Nazaire Cedex
France

Tel: (+33 2) 40 17 18 00
Fax: (+33 2) 40 17 18 03
Email: contact@sides.fr
Website: www.sides.fr

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

The beginning of a new era

The latest Z 8 from ZIEGLER

AIRCRAFT RESCUE FIRE FIGHTING VEHICLE ROUND UP

z 8 - The ZIEGLER Flagship
on Course of Success

The crash fire rescue vehicle Z8 of ALBERT
ZIEGLER GmbH & Co. KG, Giengen/Brenz, is
continuing its history of success. Since the
first vehicle of this category was supplied
almost 25 years ago ZIEGLER is handling
more projects than ever. Among others are:
1 6 units for the German Armed Forces, 1 1 of
them are in service already, 1 unit for Airport
Zagreb, 8 units for Turkey, 1 unit for Airport
Brussels, 3 units for Munich Airport. With
these orders Ziegler prove again that the
leading suppliers of the German fire brigades
also find high acceptance in the tough inter-
national competition even in the King's class.

The Z 8 complies with and exceeds the
ICAO-Recommendations.

As a basis for this crash rescue fire
vehicle a MAN 8x8 chassis with single tires,
MAN-V-12 Diesel engine with 735 kW
(1.000 HP) is used. The vehicle with a total
weight of 43,000 kg is suitable for
interventions on off road terrain and it
stands out due to extreme high driving
performance. Maximum speed is approx.
140 km/h; for acceleration to 80 km/h less
than 25 seconds are needed.

The Ziegler pump with a nominal output
of 10,000 l/min at 10 bar is driven by a sep-
arate pump engine with 360 kW (480 HP).

Further components are a water tank
with of 12,500 I, a foam tank of up to
1,500 l/min.; on request a powder unit or a
C0 2 unit can be mounted. Output of the
extinguishing agent is either made through
the roof turret (approx. 6,000 l/min.), or the
bumper turret. Optionally a telescopic
boom with nozzle and piercing unit is
available which is designed for the NLAs
coming into traffic now.

The vehicle superstructure consists of
driver/crew cab, pump and equipment
lockers and water-/foam tank. All com-
ponents are mounted distortion-free on the
chassis frame. Remarkable features of the
superstructure in the patented ALPAS
design are high flexural strength and

torsion-proof. Thanks to anodizing optimum
protection against corrosion and a maximum
degree of tightness and safety is reached.

The large canopy safety cabin manu-
factured in aluminium design provides a
spacious working place with optimum
view for 1+3 crew. Excellent features are
protection against noise, heat and splinters
and the strictly ergonomic arrangement of
the control and monitoring elements.

Optional equipment: an automatic air
conditioning system, heated seats cushioned
pneumatically with integrated compressed-air
breathing apparatus, heated outside mirrors
as well as swinging doors operated

(ARFF) vehicle

The next generation OSHKOSH® STRIKER®
aircraft rescue and fire fighting vehicles are
a response to direct input from ARFF pro-
fessionals. By better understanding the
needs of its customers Oshkosh is uniquely
poised to deliver vehicles that meet and
exceed expectations.

The Striker vehicle combines rugged
mobility with a smooth stable ride and
easy operation. It's ability to outmaneuver
and outperform any ARFF vehicle in its
class has not only garnered it
overwhelming respect, but a growing list
of customers, including the U.S. Air Force,
the New York Port Authority, O'Hare,
Kuwait, Dallas-Fort Worth, Atlanta and Las
Vegas International to name a few.

The Striker truck features fast response
acceleration, unmatched visibility and
triple agent fire fighting capabilities.

pneumatically opening ahead with swivel-
ling treads for safe and easy access, even
with breathing equipment put on.

The Z 8 sets standards in the electronic
features. Thanks to the cross-linkage of the
electrical components by CAN-Bus all
driving and control operations for the
extinguishing technology can be brought
together, evaluated and automated. The
various parameters of the extinguishing
unit are shown in graphical displays. Thus,
actual data are available for preparation,
intervention, and for maintenance.

By these sophisticated features Ziegler
provides a variety of advantages for the cus-
tomer for being ready in case of emergency.
Stuttgart Airport have procured four vehicles
of this design, Zurich Unique Airport put five
units into service recently and by the latest
delivery end of 2006 Vienna International
Airport operate a total of five Z8s now.

For more information, please contact:
ALBERT ZIEGLER GmbH & Co. KG
Feuerwehrgeratefabrik und Schlauchweberei
Postfach 16 80
D-89531 Giengen/Brenz
Germany

Tel: +49 73 22 9 51 0
Fax: +49 73 22 9 51 211
Email: ziegler@ziegler.de
Website: www.ziegler.de

Designed to deliver unparalleled perfor-
mance, safety and reliability, the Striker
vehicle is the most advanced ARFF vehicle
on the planet.

Unparalleled fire fighting performance is
one of the most critical factors in the
success of any mission. And the Striker
provides wide variety of roof and bumper
turrets, and the available SNOZZLE® high-
reach extendable turret.

The Striker vehicle offers water tank
capacities from 1,500 gallons all the way
up to 45,000 gallons (17,033 I). Plus it's
available with a dry chemical system
including Hydro-Chem™ technology, a
Halotron™ I clean agent system and up to
540 gallons of foam for triple agent
capability.

The Striker truck also features Oshkosh's
patented TAK-4® independent suspension

Oshkosh® Striker® Aircraft
Rescue and Fire Fighting

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AIRCRAFT RESCUE FIRE FIGHTING VEHICLE ROUND UP

with dual control arms and
single coil sprints that
delivers more than 16 inches
of wheel travel while reduc-
ing stopping distances. The
Striker truck also provides a
full 17 inches of ground
clearance and optional
central tire inflation (CTI)
system, mechanical rear axle
steering and a semi-active
suspension enhancement.

Combined, these technol-
ogies allow for excellent
off-runway airport response.

Safety is one of Oshkosh
Truck's core values, and the
Striker truck's list of safety
features is extensive. The
vehicle offers tremendous forward,
upward and lateral visibility with more
than 80 square feet of glass for a
panoramic view of the scene. The cockpit
features seating for up to five fire fighters
and a centrally located driver's position.
The wraparound cockpit-style dashboard
puts jet fighter-like, point and shoot turret

joysticks and other controls within easy
reach of the driver for comfort and effi-
ciency. The company even offers its own
proprietary ARFF Driver-Safety classes,
designed to improve the skills, confidence
and safety consciousness of every
firefighter who gets behind the wheel.

Unmatched reliability is another

hallmark of the Oshkosh
Striker vehicle. The chassis
has a proven track record for
durability and strength. The
Striker chassis also features
the TAK-4 independent
suspension and rugged
Oshkosh® front and rear
axles. Plus, Oshkosh backs
the Striker vehicle with a
24-hour, 7-days per week
global support network. The
company also offers on site
maintenance classes for air-
port mechanics.

In short, the Oshkosh
Striker is built to give
firefighters everything they
need to protect the airports
they serve and respond with full force.

For more information, please contact:

Oshkosh Truck Corporation

P.O. Box 2566, Oshkosh

Wl 54903-2566, USA

Tel: +1 920 235 9150

Website: www.oshkoshtruck.com

Unifire AB (Sweden)

UNIFIRE AB announces that Crash Rescue
Equipment Services, Inc. (Crash Rescue) has
selected the Unifire Force series monitors
for their aviation and industrial fire fighting
products.

Unifire, of Sweden (www.unifire.com),
has manufactured high quality nozzles for
firefighting and industrial applications for
over 35 years. In recent years, Unifire has
taken its expertise in nozzle design and
construction and applied it to develop
unique, stainless steel, remote-controlled,
electric monitors - the Force50 and
Force80.

Crash Rescue, of Dallas, Texas
(www.crashrescue.com), specializes in the
remanufacture and support of all types
and brands of airport firefighting equip-
ment, as well as the manufacture of the
Snozzle and other unique ARFF vehicles
and equipment.

Crash Rescues first application of the
Force series monitors has been on the new
65 ft. (19 meter) aerial water tower -
Snozzle. Two Snozzle models have been
designed: Hydra-Sword for municipal and
industrial fire apparatus and Model 652
for Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighting (ARFF)
vehicles. These aerial devices are unique in
that they have two monitors, each operat-
ing at different levels.

At the tip of the Snozzle, the Unifire
Force50is located at the 65ft (19 meter)
level andflows up to 500 gpm (1,900
lpm).lt can be maneuvered into small
openings formore preciseinterior fire
fighting. This allows the Hydra-Sword to
get through doorways and windows of a

building, and the 652 can get through the
over wing exits of an aircraft with ease.
The base nozzle, the Unifire Force80,is
located at the 50ft (15 meter) leveland
flows up to 1,500 gpm (5,600 Ipm).

The Hydra-Sword model has a number
of unique characteristics. The unit is light
weight and mounts midship behind the
vehicle cab. It is the lightest 65ft (19
meter) aerial device on the market. It does
not require a torque box sub-frame, thus
allowing for installation on a standard fire
apparatus chassis. The location of the
apparatus firepump, compartments, water
tank and hose bed are unaffected. Both
the Unifire Force 50 and Unifire Force 80
nozzles can be used simultaneously thus
directing fire fighting streams on two or
more locations. All Hydra-Sword models
utilize radio remote controls.

The stainless steel 316 construction of
the Unifire Force monitors makes them
light weight, highly resistant to corrosion,
extremely durable, and ideal for the foam
agents discharged through the nozzle.
Also, the unique proportional speed
control of the Force monitors movement
adds a new level of precise control for
these large master streams. The program
feature of the Force monitors allows the
operator to record a range of motion as
well as spray pattern and then have the
monitor and nozzle repeat the sequence
indefinitely. This is ideal for protecting
exposures. In addition, the Force monitors
control system utilizes CANBUS technol-
ogy, which makes installation simple,
reduces wiring requirements, and allows

for custom controls not only of the
monitor and nozzle, but also of additional
devices. Each monitor can be controlled by
multiple joysticks, or a single joystick can
control multiple monitors. The monitors
can even be controlled by a computer
network. Unifire offers its Force monitors
with an optional progressive radio remote
control with international approvals, allow-
ing the operator to precisely control the
monitors while away from the vehicle.

For more information, please contact:

Roger Barrett James

Director of International Sales and

Marketing

UNIFIRE AB

Tel: +46 303 248 403

Website: www.unifire.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

With ventilators ranging in size from 200mm
to 2m, volume to 1,250,000 cmh and motors
driven by petrol, electric, or water, Super
Vac can fill your needs. No matter what
your requirements are, these ventilators are
packed with design innovations that help on
the fire scene including cushion tires that
never go flat, full-width flip up handles,
and precise lever action tilt WWW* S UR 1 fVd(

control. To meet your specific info@SU|pervac.(Om
ventilation needs, contact n7A LL1 c .\, t n7A , , 7 . 0A ,

your Super Vac dealer. WO.WJUt Fax: 970.667.4296

THE VENTILATION SPECIALISTS

Super Vacuum Manufacturing Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 87 Loveland, CO 80539

Russwurm Ventilatoren

Made in Gerntiany

mobile, compact but powerful fans
are required.

in strongest fire and rescue situations. Used in
be equipped for all incidents. For every
versions are available with certified
offer a wide range of ATEX-certified
21 and 22 in axial and radial design.

If required, they can be
customized to your
needs.

Detailed informations and PDF- files
for downloads you can find at
www.ruwu.de or you simply call us.

v ruvsiu

^ungs- Ventilatoren

and you have the air under control

Russwurm Ventilatoren GmbH | Ortsstrasse25 | D-86405 Meitingen-Ostendorf

Phone: +49* &T7J-8175-0 | Fax: +49-8271 -81 75-40 | info@ruwu.de

Image: Martin Grant

professional
) protection
systems

PROTECTION HOUSE, SHERB0URNE DRIVE,
TILBROOK, MILTON KEYNES, BUCKS, ENGLAND
MK78HX. tel: +44)0)1908 272240

Everything You Need To Cope
From A One Stop Shop

www.ppsgb.com

X INTELAGARD

A REVOLUTION IN DECONTAMINATION

NEW FOAM BASED D EC0.N TAM I NA8lT 4 ON ;RRppjJ£T
FOR VEHICLE, BUILDING AND MASS LAND COVERAGE
PORTABLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS AVAILABLE

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VENTILATION

Placing Fans for
Optimum PPV

Effectiveness

By Roger
Weinmeister

Super Vacuum
Manufacturing Co., Inc.

PPV Basics - One of the most powerful tools in any fire departments arsenal is
their ventilation equipment. Ventilation is essential not only for reducing
property damage after the fire is extinguished, but even more importantly for
improving life safety for both the firefighters and any victims of the blaze.

I t is this key element, Life Safety, which has driven
many departments to address the manner in
which they ventilate on the fire ground. Using a
fan to blow into a structure defies most sound
firefighting theory. But it was found that the air
did not have a significant effect on fire behavior.
Similar to a typhoon, oxygenated air is drawn in
low and heated combustion products are expelled
upward. The fan, if set right next to the seat of the
fire would greatly increase combustion. But when
the fans energy is spread out over the entire room,
it only has enough power to create a steering
force on the combustion products, much the same
as a weather front might steer a typhoon (figure
1). Departments new to PPV should, at first, only
use it after the fire has been extinguished. This will
help them to gain knowledge that can then be
taught during training. To effectively use PPV as a
fire department requires that a majority of the

Figure 1

firefighters understand the concept and have been
allowed to train with it prior to utilizing it in an
actual fire. Always remember these basics when
ventilating on the fire ground:

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VENTILATION

Figure 2

1 Never Use PPV in a Backdraft Situation (fire
starved for Oxygen)

2 Never Use PPV if there are people (victims or
firefighters between the seat of the fire and the
exit opening.

3 Open the exit opening prior to using the PPV
fan to pressurize the structure

4 Coordinate the ventilation with other fire
ground activities

5 Always open and check for fire extension after
main knockdown

Positioning PPV Fans - Early in the adoption of
PPV technology, there was great emphasis on seal-
ing the door. The entire cone of air was supposed
to cover the entry location. This generally caused
the fan to be set > 3 meters from the entry door.
With much work and testing, it has been found
that PPV can be very effective with closer place-
ments and the "seal" being formed inside the
structure. This allows PPV to be used in situations
where there is a smaller area near the entry (figure
2). It is common to set units as close as 1 meter
and provide very effective air movement. These
close sets may be required on dwellings that have
a small porch or a narrow hall way at the entry.

Placement of multiple PPV fans is now much
better understood also. The use of a "V" attack
(figure 3) increases the flow of air into the building
to more quickly ventilate any contamination. It
also allows the hose lines and firefighters to move
straight into the building. This parallel set is much
more effective in ventilation of structures than
older series set with two fans in series (figure 4).

Figure 4

Figure 3

Just as using two pumps in parallel moves more
water onto the fire, two fans in parallel moves
more air into the structure.

Care should be taken on tilting fans with petrol
engines. Engine manufacturers design with a
maximum tilt angle of 20°. This is due to the
design of the oil pan and lubrication system. Most
PPV fan manufacturers respect that limit and may
add a degree or two of safety factor, since the unit
may be set on a surface with a slight slope for
drainage. Do not allow firefighters to crib the fan
to greater angles by placing wooden blocks or
other materials to steepen the fan angle when
using petrol driven fans. Electric PPV fans can be
cribbed to greater angles with no problem except
the stability of the unit.

Weather - Wind plays a big role in how
effective your department can be when utilizing
PPV technology. In general, PPV will not be very
effective in wind speeds over 20 kph. In higher
wind speeds, it is best to use the wind to your
advantage. No wildland firefighting is done from
the downwind side and this is also true for struc-
ture firefighting in high wind. As wind speed
increases, it is best to make smaller exit openings
or to move air at angles to the wind direction. It is
physically impossible to overcome high natural
wind speeds with a small portable fan.

Extreme cold does not negatively impact the
effectiveness of PPV, but it can create freezing
problems in the structure. This is not a problem in
large fire, but could be on more routine ventilation
situations. If someone has a small kitchen fire on
the stove, do not over-ventilate causing the water
pipes to freeze.

Special Situations - The situations below
require a better knowledge of PPV use and how to
position fans for maximum effectiveness. If your
department does not currently use PPV for
ventilation, it would be best to not attempt the
situations below. All of the following situations are
greatly enhanced if you use existing ventilation
systems whenever possible.

High Rise Ventilation - One of the most
powerful applications of PPV is its use to maintain
the conditions of stairwells. Stairwells are the main
arteries of high rise buildings. They are the means
of egress for the occupants and the means of

Figure 5

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VENTILATION

PLACING FANS FOR OPTIMUM PPV EFFECTIVENESS

ingress for the firefighters. Many buildings have
pressurized stairwells built into them. The use of
PPV can assist in this pressurization or perform the
task for systems that are not functioning due to
fire conditions. To properly perform ventilation in a
high-rise full of people, many firefighters are
needed to police the ventilation corridors and
prevent occupants from inhibiting ventilation by
other opening doors and windows. As with all
firefighting situations, high-rise ventilation should
be constantly monitored for effectiveness. If it is
not working, evaluate the overall situation and
correct the problems.

Basements - Basements and other below
grade situations can pose challenges to effective
PPV fan placement. Generally, the problem is find-
ing an appropriate outlet or enough outlet area. A
common mistake is trying to place the fan so it is
blowing directly down the stairway. It is perfectly
acceptable to place the fan blowing into the front
doorway, making sure the door to the stairway is
held open, and there are adequate openings in the
basement windows. This situation requires good
coordination so other firefighters do not open
other windows or doors. If this happens, the air
will take the easiest route out of the structure,
severely decreasing the effectiveness of the base-
ment ventilation. If there are no other openings in
the basement, either cut an opening in the floor
to provide one, or use flexible ducting to provide
one (figure 5).

Large Commercial Buildings - Generally,
large commercial buildings can be ventilated
exactly the same way as smaller homes. The
problem usually is the size of the PPV fan com-
pared to the expanse of the building. The easiest
solution is a very large fan (figure 6). However, it is
still possible to ventilate large buildings with
multiple small fans. Garage doors can be propped
open Vi way, with 2-4 fans blowing into the
opening created (figure 7). This can be done at
more than one position for an even greater effect.
Another problem with large commercial buildings
is with the high ceilings. The best solution is to
create openings in the ceiling (smoke vents, roof
access doors, or other normal openings are best).
If there are no openings in the ceiling, prepare for

Figure 6

a long wait until the structure is fully cleared.

Implementing PPV - The use of PPV for fire
ground ventilation can be phased in over time. It is
important that a department practice with PPV after
the fire before using during a fire. As confidence is
gained, the instructors can start teaching PPV to
various groups within the department. If they only
teach the incoming rookies, those rookies will get
on a fire scene and be overruled by the veterans. So
instruct an entire group on PPV technology. Let
them play with various scenarios. Time the ventil-
ation of fake smoke with the veterans' method, then
with PPV. The goal of a progressive department is to
save as many lives as possible in the most difficult
situation. By effectively using PPV in an aggressive
manner, lives can be saved. Firefighters can avoid
calling in the RIT team because they can see the
buildings layout as they go in. PPV can also help in
property conservation by allowing firefighters to
quickly find the seat of a smoldering fire. Structural
firefighting will always be one of the most
dangerous situations faced during your caree r, so
use all of the tools available to make it easier. EEQ

Figure 7

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

- 1

ANGUS

FIRE

A UTC Fire & Security Company

Emergency Hotline +44 (0) 15242 61166

Local Service, Global Reach

• Technical support from global network of
distributors

• Proven emergency foam delivery service 24/7
world wide

• Award-winning foam testing service

Select a Foam Partner,
Not Just a Supplier

The moment you purchase a foam concentrate
from Angus Fire you enter into a partnership with
a company that is dedicated to supporting you.

Angus Fire, Thame Park Road, Thame, Oxfordshire 0X9 3RT

Tel: +44 (0)1844 265000 Fax: +44 (0)1844 265156 www.angusfire.co.uk

World Leading Innovation

• Proven track-record in research and development

• International team of leading foam experts

• Environmentally responsible technology

Widest Choice, Highest Quality

• Largest foam manufacturer in the world

• Complete range of synthetic and protein-based
foams

• Comprehensive UL Listings and LASTFIRE
certification

ARFF FOAMS ROUND UP

Foam Story Coes On!

For the past few years, fire fighting foams
have come under scrutiny from various
scientific laboratories in order to provide a
better understanding of their impact on the
environment. Originally, it was assumed that
they were environmentally safe without fully
appreciating the potential detrimental effects
of releasing them to land or water.

In May 2000, evidence revealed that
PFOS - the major residue from 3M's
AFFF range - had a unacceptable PBT
(Persistent, Bioaccumulative, Toxic)
profile. Since then, most countries,
including the European Union, have
enacted regulations to restrict or ban the
use of PFOS-based compounds; thus
PFOS is no longer a concern but history.

Following the breaking of this news
from 3M, other foam manufacturers
claimed that they were not concerned as
they were using alternative compounds
known as fluorotelomers. As of today,
fluorotelomers are still the technical
answer for manufacturing AFFF.

Most countries, including
the European union, have
enacted regulations to
restrict or ban the use of
PFOS-based compounds

In the past six years, scientific studies
have concluded clearly that the degrad-
ation products of these so-called safe
alternatives are Very Persistent and
Bioaccumulative. One predominant com-
pound PFOA has been proven Toxic, and
a high suspicion of toxicity hangs over
H-PFOS and PFHxA, which are nowadays
major residues from AFFF degradation.
In fact, no scientific evidence has ever
proven positively that the alternative is
safe.

Ultimately, a scandal emerged in
Germany in mid-2006. A study conducted

under the authority of the Federal
Environment Agency threw up evidence
that breast milk was heavily contamin-
ated with PFHxA, which meant that
mothers were feeding their new-born
babies and poisoning them at the same
time! Growing pressure from German
politicians is now demanding a total ban
on these chemicals. It is noteworthy that
PFHxA indicates in a rather obvious
manner direct pollution from degrad-
ation products of fluorotelomers such as
those used in fire fighting foams.

Lacking evidence of safety, one should
be very cautious about claims that AFFF
is safe. The best option should be to
select fluorine-free foams whenever
possible. From this starting point, we will
consider two types of fires. The most
common type of fire are those involving

class A materials; these represent more
than 95% of total fire interventions and
are usually tackled by Fire Brigades. BIO
FOR is the perfect answer for these risks.
It meets relevant standards for the
extinction of fire involving solids and has
been proven to be more efficient than
common foams on these fires; it can be
used for a wide range of applications
and is 100% fluorine free. Thus it will
leave no persistent residues.

The second type of fire are industrial
fires involving liquid hydrocarbons -
class B materials. ECOPOL has been
developed to address these risks. Fully
biodegradable and fluorine-free, it
meets the EN 1 568 standard for both oil
and chemical fires.

These two Fluorine Free Foams have
been extensively tested by the Hygiene
Institute at Gelsenkirshen (Germany).
Results clearly indicated that these
foams were fully biodegradable, non-
toxic and that they were safe for use at
the recommended rate of dilution. Now
we have safe products and can decide to
choose this new generation of foams -
for our environment, for our safety, for
our children. The choice is entirely yours.

For more information, please contact:
Bio-Ex S.A.

Z.l. La Petite Oliviere
69770 Montrottier
France

Tel: +33 (0) 474 70 2381
Fax: +33 (0) 474 70 2394
Email: export@bio-ex.fr
Website: bio-ex.com

B/o-eX

Advanced Quality

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ARFF FOAMS ROUND UP

Tyco Foam Concentrates meet
markets’ expectations

TYCO's Finiflam® and Tutogen® foam
concentrate brands are being heralded
by the company as meeting the needs of
firefighters who are unwilling to com-
promise on foam quality. The Finiflam
concentrates are designed for marine,
airport and offshore installations; heli-
decks; sprinkler systems; process plants;
storage tanks; pumping stations, and for
use with non-air-aspirating hand noz-
zles. Tutogen concentrates are targeted
specifically at fighting Class B hydro-
carbon fires involving crude oil, petrol
diesel and aviation fuel.

Finiflam, an AFFF [aqueous film
forming foam] concentrate, is available
in six variants: Finiflam A3F 1% EN;
Finiflam A3F 3% EN; Finiflam A3F 6%
EN; Finiflam A3F 3% EX; Finiflam A3F
6% EX; and Finiflam A3F 3% LU. All are
based on fluoro-surfactants, hydro-
carbon tensides and glycolethers. The
Finiflam EN concentrates are approved
to EN 1568-3, while the UL concentrate
is Underwriters Laboratories approved.
Tutogen is a fluroprotein foam con-
centrate that is a combination of
fluorochemical surfactants, hydrolyzed
proteins and anticorrosion agents. Four
options are available: Tutogen FP 3%

EN; Tutogen FP 6% EN; Tutogen FP 3%
EX, and Tutogen FP 3% UL.

Both concentrates are designed to be
used with a variety of conventional equip-
ment. This includes: balanced-pressure
and in-line balanced-pressure pump pro-
portioning equipment; balanced-pressure
bladder-tank-type proportioners; around-
the-pump proportioners; fixed and
portable in-line venturi proportioners,
and fixed and hand-line nozzles with
fixed induction/pick-up tubes.

The foam produced by Finiflam con-
centrates extinguishes hydrocarbon fires
by direct and indirect application. An
aqueous film is formed on the surface of
spills and larger hydrocarbon fires,
covering the fuel and preventing hydro-
carbon evaporation. Finiflam ensures
excellent burn-back resistance, and holes
in the foam blanket caused by raindrops
or gusts of wind are quickly resealed by
the spreading aqueous film. The foams
can be used with all foam-compatible
dry chemical extinguishing powders, and
sea water can be used without any
increase in the application rate.

Tutogen is claimed by Tyco to be the
ideal foam for sub-surface injection
systems - a technique pioneered by

SKUMTM - due to its resistance to the
hydrocarbon pick-up effect. It is said to
be ideal for extinguishing medium polar-
ity flammable liquids, such as toluene,
xylene, phenol and acryonitril. Its wet-
ting characteristics also make it suitable
for fighting Class A fires. Among the
many advantages claimed for it over
conventional protein concentrates are its
higher burn-back resistance due to its
lower fuel pick-up, faster extinguishing,
and improved compatibility with sea
water. Also, the foam is not damaged by
its plunge into the burning fuel, which
inevitably occurs when the foam is not
gently applied, as is the case with
monitors or hand nozzles.

Tyco has published a series of
product datasheets on the Finiflam
and Tutogen concentrates. They
are available by email on
tspmarketing.emea@tycoint.com,
by telephone on +49 (0)221 67 850 f
or by fax on +49 (0)221 67 85 207.

tUCO / Fire &

/ Security

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

BIO-EX S.A. - Z.l. La Petite Oliviere - 69770 Montrottier - FRANCE
Tel. +33 (0)4.74.70.23.81 - Fax +33 (0)4.74.70.23.94 - export@bio-ex.fr

www.bio-ex.coin

High quality
foam concentrates
and foam equipment

“THE INDEPENDENT ALTERNATIVE"

DAFO FOMTECAB
P.O Box 683

SE- I 35 26Tyreso Sweden

Phone: +46 8 506 405 66
Fax: +46 8 506 405 29
E-mail: info@fomtec.com

omt*

Fire Fighting Foams & Equipment

ARCTIC FOAM

by SOLBERG SCANDINAVIAN

SOLBERG

SCANDINAVIAN

FIREFIGHTING FOAM AND EQUIPMENT

Visit our website;

www.arcticfoam.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ARFF FOAMS ROUND UP

Petroseal Aviation Foam
from Angus Fire

Petroseal from ANGUS FIRE represents
the world's most advanced fire aircraft
fire fighting foam technology. It is the
number one aviation foam for Airport
Fire & Rescue Services in the UK. It is
also used by civilian and military aviation
authorities, airlines, international airports
and heliports in over fifty countries
world wide.

Petroseal is a Film-Forming Fluoro-
Protein (FFFP). It is the only type of fire to
successfully combine the rapid flame
knockdown of conventional film-form-
ing foams like AFFF with the high levels
of post-fire security that are unique to
FluoroProteins. This post-fire security is
essential in protecting fire crews from
the dangers of sudden and unexpected
re-ignition and burn back during rescue
operations.

Petroseal passes the most stringent
performance requirement "Level B" of

ANGUS
FIRE

A UTC Fire & Security Company

the International Civil Aviation Organisa-
tion (ICAO) foam standard, it is Listed by
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. in the
USA and it fully complies with the
requirements of the UK Ministry of
Defence Standard 42-40. Petroseal is
also manufactured to BS EN ISO
9001:2000 Quality Management Sys-
tems.

Based on a natural protein and free of
PFOS and synthetic detergent, Petroseal
has excellent environmental credentials.
It is available in 3% and 6% grades and
is readily proportioned using convention-
al foam proportioning equipment. It can

be applied with standard non-aspirating
discharge devices such as spray/fog
branchpipes and nozzles as well as low
and medium expansion branchpipes.

The unique formulation of Petroseal
means that it can be used at tempera-
tures as low as minus 15°C and is unaf-
fected by repeated freezing and
thawing. Exceptionally stable in long-
term storage, it has a shelf-life of at least
ten years.

Reduced stocks, low cost storage,
long shelf-life and low usage levels all
combine to make Petroseal the most
cost-effective fire fighting foam currently
available to aviation fire fighters.

For further infoamation, please contact:
Tel.: +44 (0) 1844 265000
Fax: +44 (0) 1844 265156
Email: general.enquiries@kiddeuk.co.uk
Website: www.angusfire.co.uk

Airport firefighting

There is no room for error when fighting fires in airports, with the life
risk involved everything must run smoothly otherwise there could be
dire circumstances. Airport fire fighters constantly train and have to
prove their competence to ensure that the chance of any mistakes are
eliminated but "sods law" states that anything can happen and often
does and normally at the worst time.

When it comes to using foams, fire fight-
ers need to be confident that they will
do what they are intended to do, every
time, without fail but not all firefighting
foams are the same.

Foams that contain proteins like FP
and FFFP start to degrade as soon as they
leave the factory so if they are not stored
properly or tested regularly it could be
that they are below specification. Foam
inducting equipment such as 'around the
pump proportioned' are checked regu-
larly. But what if something simple, like
not being flushed properly after use,
allows sediment to build up in the valves
and prevents them from operating cor-
rectly? Perhaps an inexperienced pump

operator sets up the proportioning sys-
tem incorrectly and delivers foam at less
than 3% or perhaps the new recruit
plunges a jet of foam into a spill fire and
does not apply a foam blanket using a
more gentle application allowing a lot of
fuel pick up. All these things mean that a
fire fighting foam is being asked to do
more than is normally expected and may
cause them not to work as expected.

What is needed is a foam concentrate
that can withstand such harsh treatment,
a foam with "Built in safety". The Arctic
Foam AFFF range has just that, a "built in
Safety" that means regardless of the
mistakes made by operators and regard-
less of poor maintenance it will always

ARCTIC FOAM

by SOLBERG SCANDINAVIAN

work. It makes no difference if the foam
is abused in storage or if the fire fighter
does not induct it at the correct rate or if
the inexperienced fire fighter makes a
mistake Arctic Foam AFFF will always do
the job that it is designed to do it will
always extinguish fire very rapidly and
will secure post fire spills.

Airport fire fighters need all the help
they can get and having an Arctic Foam
AFFF available will always give them the
confidence that they will succeed
regardless of what "sods law" might
throw at them.

For more information, please contact:
Joop Rijnbout

General Sales & Marketing manager
Solberg Scandinavian AS
joop@arcticfoam.com
www.arcticfoam.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Foam fire fighting systems -
weve got it covered

When quick reactions under extreme stress are

Typical high risk applications

needed, it matters that the tools to deliver are both
unquestionably reliable and specifically designed for
the task. If you fight fire fast with the right combination
of product and delivery system, you can save lives,
critical assets and scarce resources.

• Petro-chemical - Oil terminal;

Storage tank protection; Bund protection

• Marine - Tankers; Machinery spaces;
Ferries; Offshore support and

Fire fighting vessels

Skum brings over 70 years of invaluable expertise to
fire fighting. Backed by a programme of continuous
research and development, Skum has an enviable

• Aviation - Hangars; Helidecks;
Crash vehicles

reputation at the forefront of fire fighting technology
and is renowned worldwide for its quality and
innovation. Innovations such as Hot Foam™ systems
for enclosed spaces or the unique FJM corrosion free
monitor.

In short, Skum has it covered.

• Industry - Sprinkler
systems; Foam spray deluge
systems; Medium/high
expansion foam systems

• Power Generating Plants -

Transformers; Cable tunnels;
Conveyors; Coal bunkers

Systems for high risk sites

HotFoam™ systems for
enclosed areas

Systems for aircraft hangars

Skum 70 years of exceptional reliability

For further information, please contact:
Tyco Safety Products,

Le Pooleweg 5, 2314 XT Leiden, Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0)71 5419 415 Fax: +31 (0)71 5417 330
E-mail: tspmarketing.emea@tycoint.com
Web: www.skum.com

tlfCO

' Fire &
Security

e2v technologies

Thermal imaging just got hotter

The argus^

Want to know why e2v’s argus®4 is the hottest thermal
imaging camera on the market? At a reduced weight of
only 1.5kg and the ability to adapt the camera to suit
individual requirements, this camera brings together
practical usability without compromising comfort, safety
and durability.

— •> Light, small and robust
•••* Up to 100 image capture capability
•••;> Personalised screen options
— •> Full colour display
••••> Digital electronics
••••:• x2 zoom

argUS% The heavy duty lightweight

Ol +44 (0)1245 453443

www.argusdirect.com

By Paul Spooner

Product and Marketing
Manager,

E2V Technologies

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS

The Thermal
imaging Camera:

A look at the past, present and
future

The world we live in is a high speed, high tech environment; every day brings
new products or applications that are designed to make our lives easier and
more efficient, for example the advancements in portable phones and hand-held
computers means that our lives have taken on a fluid and instant quality.

A ccess to a wealth of information is only a
touch of a button away regardless of
l whether you are sat at a desk or on the
move and gone are the days of calling someone
from a fixed telephone line, today we can choose
from several different communication methods to
instantly communicate with family, friends or
colleagues anywhere around the globe.

This unstoppable progression in technology
infiltrates all areas of life and the firefighting

industry is no exception, we have all become part
of the technology revolution, embracing change
and looking out for the next product that will
improve our lives and our jobs.

Over the last twenty-five years the thermal
imaging camera has evolved continuously. Ever
since e2v's (then EEV) introduction of the first
hand held Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC) for fire
fighters in 1981, there have been many changes.
Although a revolutionary invention, the first

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS

cameras were also large, heavy, in-flexible and by
today's standards, very basic. They used pyrelectric
vidicon tubes, which were fragile and offered poor
performance, in modern day TICs all cameras
use solid state Focal Plan Arrays (FPAS) making
them strong enough to cope with the harsh
environment and handling, synonymous with
firefighting.

These advancements have happened thanks to
the de-restriction of the technology from military
use, to dual use, which allows the detectors to be
used in commercial products. Although some
restrictions still apply, the majority of Fire Brigades
around the world are now able to purchase these
pieces of life saving equipment.

With each new product the expectations of the
end user has increased and the environments
the cameras have to survive in have become even

more varied. Where once a simple point and view
camera was all that was needed, the end-user
now wants, and needs, more advanced functions
and features. Customer demand has meant that
we have seen the cameras slowly get smaller and
lighter, and as technology has advanced, new
features have been introduced to make the camera
easier to use; LCD viewing screens, colourisation
(today, all cameras have colour schemes to provide

Although some restrictions
still apply, the majority of
Fire Brigades around the
world are now able to
purchase these pieces of
life saving equipment.

the user with the ability to detect the spread of
the fire, first introduced on the Argus3 camera),
image capture, remote video transmission, tem-
perature measurement and digital zoom are
common offerings in the modern camera.

Thermal cameras today mainly use Micro-
bolometer technology detectors based upon
Vanadium Oxide (VOX) or Amorphous Silicon (ASi)
sensing materials. ASi has always been perceived
as having the poorer performance compared to
other technologies, but recent progress has

Securiton AG, Alarm and Security Systems
www.securiton.eu, info@securiton.eu

Securiton RUS

www.securiton.ru, info@securiton.ru

Securiton Representative Office Malaysia
www.securiton.eu, asia@securiton.com. my

A company of the Swiss Securitas Group

/ Q> SECURITON

For your safety

Pipe Breakage
PipeB/eekaae

Smoke too thin to be detected? No such thing.

The SecuriRAS® ASD aspiration smoke detector

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS

A LOOK AT THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

allowed improvement in the performance to nearly
match that of the VOX detectors.

To meet these customer demands TIC manu-
facturers use state-of-the-art detectors and design
the electronics and software to produce the
highest levels of performance.

Essential features for current firefighter themal
imaging cameras include:

Thermal cameras today mainly
use Microbolometer
technology detectors based
upon vanadium Oxide (VOX)
or Amorphous Silicon (ASi)
sensing materials.

• Durability

The ability for the camera to be dropped
without damage or loss of functionality. The
cameras have to be light enough to held in
one hand but rugged enough for the tough
environment.

• Environmental

Must withstand low and high temperature
exposure and be submerged to a depth of
1 metre without water ingress. Temperatures at
a fire scene can reach over 500 degrees
centigrade and although the cameras will not
reach these temperatures they must be able to
be resistant.

• Performance

The camera has to reach highest levels of
performance for battery life, picture quality and
dynamic range. The camera's software has to
able to:

- Constantly monitor and control the internal
temperatures

- Be able to react to external conditions to
allow the best possible picture quality at all
times.

Future advancements in
thermal imaging camera
technology will be
influenced by the reduction
in price and size.

The progress we have seen in the market to
date has included:

• Smaller pixels sizes

This has created detectors that have smaller
packages and higher resolution. For example:
pixel size of less than 25microns from
55microns and resolutions from 160 x 120
pixels, up to 640 x 480 pixels.

• Performance improvements

The minimum discernable temperature
difference of the original pevicon tube based
cameras was approximately 0.3°C (300MK),
whereas the performance of the new sensors
sees this value reduce to 0.05°C (50Mk).

• Dynamic Range

The dynamic range of a camera is the range
of temperatures the cameras can see. With
pevicon tube cameras this range was limited
was 400°C, today that range can be in excess
of 1000°C.

The trend in previous years was to use smaller
format array detectors but in recent years larger
formats are being used. This has come about by
the reduction in pixel size, the ability to produce
the detectors at the same prices as the smaller
formats. The markets have opened up outside the
fire market meaning the detectors are produced in
larger quantities and the fire camera manufac-
turers are seeing the benefit through reduction of
price based upon economy of scale.

Currently Helmet mounted cameras are being
developed with good resolutions and applications,
advances will continue in this area to make smaller,
lighter products with continuous improvement on

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS

A LOOK AT THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

resolution and picture quality. The benefit of
helmet mounted cameras is that the firefighters
hands are completely free, they don't have to
worry about holding the camera or the possibility
of dropping it, also removing the need for a
separate cameraman allows firefighters to find the
victim or partner and exit quickly without using
reference points, which could slow the rescue
down, the disadvantages with current models are
that they are found to be cumbersome and image
can be lost through fogging of the firefighters
mask, also the helmet tends to move around,
requiring constant adjustment.

Looking further into the future,
the possibility of a ‘Heads-up’
display on the firefighters BA
(breathing apparatus) mask is
certainly a potential.

Future advancements in thermal imaging
camera technology will be influenced by the
reduction in price and size. As these factors come
down, the personal camera could soon become a
possibility. The personal camera could become
small enough and cheap enough for every
firefighter to have one as part of their basic kit,
removing the need for a separate cameraman. The
challenge with the personal camera is designing
something that can be stored on the firefighters
uniform neatly and easily when not in use, so that
it doesn't hinder a rescue where the firefighter will
need both hands free.

Looking further into the future, the possibility
of a 'Heads-up' display on the firefighters BA
(breathing apparatus) mask is certainly a potential.
In this instance the visual would be transmitted
from a miniature camera to the mask, projecting a

colour image right in front of the firefighters eyes.
The advantages to this technology are; that it
would be hands free enabling the firefighter
to use the thermal camera at all times, even
when exiting with a casualty, there would be
no cumbersome apparatus to attached to the
helmet which has the possibility of falling off,
finally the problem of constant adjustment could
be removed as the mask would be in a fixed
position on the face.

Another serious consideration for thermal
imaging camera manufacturers looking to bring
new products to market are the Environmental
considerations that must now be undertaken. In
Europe the Reduction of Hazardous Substances
directive (RoHS), outlines the restriction of the use
of certain hazardous substances in electrical and
electronic equipment. This Directive bans the
placing on the EU market of new electrical and
electronic equipment containing more than agreed
levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent
chromium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and
polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame
retardants. This means that all new Thermal
Cameras have to be compliant with the RoHS
directive. Although some manufactures are selling
product under exemption, eventually all electronic
and electrical equipment sold in Europe will have
to be compliant. This directive, or forms of it are
being introduced throughout the world. Japan and
China have their version of the directive and in
certain states in the USA this directive is being
actively investigated. This directive was a major
consideration for e2v when developing the
Argus™4 and is the first compliant Thermal
imaging camera.

Thermal imaging camera's have come a long
way since they first came on the scene, they are
smaller, lighter and the picture quality has
improved ten fold. The camera of the future is yet
to be decided, but one thing is certain, pro gress
cannot be stopped. EEQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Our cutting-edge technology brings you the
smallest fire figthing thermal imaging camera

Half the size of the original
SoloVision and the lightest
firefighting TIC in the world

The SOLOvision S2 can be used as a hands-free unit or it can be
hung over the neck like a pair of binoculars using the neck strap. It
is the lightest and smallest thermal imaging camera in the World.

It is suitable for use with all known breathing apparatus and gas
masks. As an all round camera with the capability to monitor for fire
/ search and rescue of victims, there is no better camera
for the job.

• 3600AS sensor giving
sharper, cleaner image
perception than
competitors

• Search and rescue

• Industrial disasters

• Weighs approx 650g

• Spot temperature

• Water proof IP67

• Choice of colour palettes

• Vibration proof

• Picture storage

• Withstand a flashover

please call our Sales for details

of over 1 000°C for

• Optional end user

10 seconds

telemetry available

• Identify objects through

please call OUR Sales for details

darkness, fog, smoke

• Fire watch / suppression

and blinding light

Our lightest and
smallest, long
wavelength infrared
camera core

don’t go it alone

go with solo

Agencies worldwide. For full details or to arrange a demonstration with a GB Solo
representative contact - GB Solo Ltd. Tel: +44 (011609 881 8SS

• Fax: +44 [0)1609 881103 • email: sales@gbsolo.co.uk • www.gbsolo.co.uk

Distributor and Representative Offices

AMKUS INC

AUSTRALIA

DRAEGER PACIFIC

Tel: 61-3-9265-5000
Fax: 61-3-9265-5097
Email: warren.levin@draeger.com.au
Contact: Warren Levin

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

KINGDAN

Tel: 852-2385-0199
Fax: 852-2388-5131
Email: kingdan@hkstar.com
Contact: Gary Wan

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG
SAFETECH LTD

Tel: 852-2687-4038
Fax: 852-2687-2784
Email: andy@safety.com.hk
Contact: Andy Chan

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

DELIS TOOLS LTD

Tel: 64-3-327-4103
Fax: 64-3-327-7676
Email: delis@clear.net. nz
Contact: Paul Delis

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

MEDTRADE LTD

Tel: 63-45-888-2131
Fax: 63-45-893-0818
Email: medtrade1_2004@yahoo.com
Contact: Reymond Poblete

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SUPER PREMIUM CO

Tel: 886-2-8226-5855
Fax: 886-2-8226-5856
Email: spctwn@ms9.hinet.net
Contact: Will. Hung

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

CAMPING EQUIPMENT

Tel: 66-2-377-0379
Fax: 66-2-374-4108
Email: celpdps@loxinfo.co.th
Contact: Yod Watana

Dealer/Distributor

PACIFIC TOOL GROUP

Tel: 66-2-886-7556
Fax: 66-2-886-7585
Email: exec@pacificandfire.com
Contact: Dirk Bloxham

Dealer/Distributor

ANGUS FIRE

AUSTRALIA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682,

Braeside Vic 3195

Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171

Tel: 03 9518 5588

Fax: 03 9518 5577

Email: info@angusfire.com.au

Website: www.angusfire.com.au

Representative Office

BANGLADESH

PFH FIRE PROTECTION

P 0 Box 327, Seria 7003,

Negara Brunei Darussalam

Tel: (00 673) 3 332 519

Fax: (00 673) 3 332 519

Contact: HJH. B.A. Noraliza (General Manager)

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office,

21/F Tower 2,

88 Container Port Road,

Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388
Fax: 00 852 2370 8381
Email: general@kidde-china.com
Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

HONG KONG

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO

Room A, 13th Floor
Go-Up Commercial Building
998, Canton Road,

Mongkok, Kowloon

Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071

Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145

Email: johnny@centurionfire.com.hk

Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

VIJAY INDUSTRIES & PROJECTS LTD

35, Chandivali

Off Saki Vihar Road

Andheri (East), Mumbai 400 072

Tel: +91 22 851 8773

Fax: +91 22 852 6067

Email: info@vijayin.com

Website: http://www.vijayin.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT RANTAI LAUT

Jl Kemang Raya No. 11,

Jakarta Selatan

Tel: (00 62) 21 717 90122

Fax: (00 62) 21 717 90607

Website: www.rantai-laut.com

Contact: Jimmy Singh

Email: jimmy@rantai-laut.com

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

OWEN LTD

2-5-20 Gokou-Nishi

Matsudo-Shi Chiba T270-2218

Tel: (00 81)47 389 5510

Fax: (00 81)47 385 1763

Email: owen@msi.biglobe.ne.jp

Contact: Mr Masao Oyake (Managing Director)

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

INDECO CORPORATION

814 Daewoo, The-O-Plus Building
1 142-2 Sanbondong Gunposi
Kyunggido, Korea 435-040
Tel: (00 82) 31 390 6911/2
Fax: (00 82) 31 390 6913
Email: thomas@esafety.co.kr
Contact: Thomas Park (President)

Mobile: (00 82) 1 1 726 2248
Dealer/Distributor

MACAU

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO

Room A, 13th Floor
Go-Up Commercial Building
998, Canton Road
Mongkok
Kowloon

Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071
Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145
Email: johnny@centurionfire.com.hk
Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

KINSAJASA SDN BHD

1st Floor

2298 Pujut 5 Shoplot
98000 Miri
Sarawak
East Malaysia

Tel: 6085 665802 or 660423

Fax: 6085 655803 or 655402

Email: kinsar@tm.net. my or

ksajaservice@mvjaring.net

Contact: Roger Ling (Mobile: 6019 855 0360)

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

3 1 4 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3 1 72
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

3 1 4 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3 1 72
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682 , Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PHILIPPINES

ALARM SYSTEMS CORP

Unit 3205

Summit-1 Office Tower

530 Shaw Road

Mandulayong City

Tel: (00 632) 532 0556

Fax: (00 632) 533 6476

Email: mail@alarmsystems.com.ph

Contact: Allen Lim

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE. LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 1 19958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contact: Bob Graham (Sales Manager,

Fire Fighting Products)

Dir Tel: (00 65) 6424 7938
Mobile: (00 65) 9671 1567
Email: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg
Representative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

TAIWAN

SENSOR LTD

No. 8-1, Rueiguang Road
Neihu Chiu, Taipai, Taiwan 1 14
Tel: (00 886)2 8792 9881
Fax: (00 886) 2 8792 9885
Email: sensor.fire@msa.hinet.net
Website: www.sensorfire.com
Contact: Alex Jeng
Email: alex@sensorfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

AB GROUP

42 Soi Ngam Duplee, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120

Tel: (00 66) 2 2871570

Fax: (00 66)2 2871460

Contact: Phairot Bulpakdi (Managing Director)

Dealer/Distributor

ANSUL

INCORPORATED

INDONESIA

ANSUL INCORPORATED

Bangun Tjipta Bldg, Level 3B
Ji Jend Gatot Subroto No. 54
Jakarta 10260, Indonesia
Tel: 62 21 536 77662
Fax: 62 21 536 77663
Representative Office

BAUER

COMPRESSORS

BRUNEI

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD

2 Alexandra Road, #01-03A Delta House

Singapore 159919, Singapore

Tel: +65 6271 6271

Fax: +65 6272 3345

Email: info@bauer-compressors.com.sg

Representative Office

CHINA

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN CHINA LTD

707 Block A, M.P. Industrial Centre
1 8 Ka Yip Street, Chai Wan
Hong Kong S.A.R
Tel: +852 2595 1898
Fax: +852 2595 0878
Email: bkc@bauerchina.com
Representative Office

INDIA

ALLIED SOLUTIONS PVT LTD

313/314, Raikar Chambers,

Govandi [East], Mumbai -400 088
Tel: 022 6797 8056/57/58
Fax: 022 2557 6234
Email: kini@alliedsolutions.com
Dealer/Distributor

MOUNT EVEREST ENGINEERING
COMPANY

A-103 Gokul Arcade, Sahar Road
Vile Parle (East) Mumbai 400 057, India
Tel: +91 (22)8202558
Fax: +91 (22)8205792

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

MARINE & INDUSTRIAL
COMPRESSORS

304 Thomson Road

Singapore 307654

Tel: +65 6250 6018

Fax: +65 6253 8443

Email: masmarin@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

BAUER COMPRESSORS CO. LTD

10-36 Ryutsu-center
Kitakami-shi Iwate-ken
024-0014 Japan
Tel: +81 0197 68 2251
Fax: +81 0197 68 2225
Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

TECKO CO. LTD.

S.K Technopark

Mega Center Room 201/202

190-1 Sangdeawong 1-Dong

Jungwon-gu, Sungnam-city

Kyungki-do

Korea

Zip 462-705

Tel: +82 2 3461 3000-3 and +82 31 776 2442
Fax: +82 2 529 4240 and +82 31 776 2444

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

SK CRYOGENICS SDN BHD

No 5, Jalan TP 7/6

Sime U.E.P. Industrial Park

Section 26 40400 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Tel: +60 3 5192 4269/70

Fax: +60 3 5192 4235

Dealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

ALPINE INDUSTRIALCON (PVT) LTD

305/2 G.T. Road
Baghbanpura, Lahore, Pakistan
Tel: +92- 42- 685 2313
Fax:+92- 42-367 4655
Email: alpinelahore@hotmail.com
Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

CEBU ERNBRI IMPORT,
INC/AQUAVENTURE WHITETIP DIVE
SUPPLY

Ermita Office:

Unit 101 Joncor II Bldg, #1362 A.Mabini Street
Ermita Manila , Philippines 1000, Philippines
Tel: +632 521-0433
Fax: +632 522-1 165

Website: www.aquaventurewhitetip.com

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE. LTD

2 Alexandra Road

#01 -03A Delta House

Singapore 159919, Singapore

Tel: +65 6271 6271

Fax: +65 6272 3345

Email: info@bauer-compressors.com.sg

Representative Office

MARINE & INDUSTRIAL
COMPRESSORS

304 Thomson Road

Singapore 307654

Tel: +65 6250 6018

Fax: +65 6253 8443

Email: masmarin@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

MING SHEN ENTERPRISE CO LTD

5, PaShih 1 street
DanShui Town, Taipei,

Taiwan 25170, Taiwan (Republic of China)

Tel: +886 (2) 28095789

Fax: +886 (2)28096189

Email: www.bauer-kompressoren.de/

sales/bcmail_en.php?id=233>

Website: www.3arrow.com.tw
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

INTERSOL ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD

160 Rimklongprapa Road
Bangsue Bangkok 10800
Thailand

Tel: +66 2 9106 445

Fax: +66 2 9106 446

Email: www.bauer-kompressoren.de/

sales/bcmail_en.php?id=235>

Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

MEKONG SCUBA SUPPLY LTD.

Saigon Tower

29 Le Duan Blvd, Suite 1600
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam

Tel: +848 823 6294
Fax:+848 823 6288
Email: mikedoyle44@hotmail.com

Dealer/Distributor

BRISTOL UNIFORMS

BANGLADESH

MANIK BROTHERS

Hai Mansion (3rd Floor)

9/3 Motijheel Circular Road

Dhaka - 1000

Bangladesh

Tel: +880 2 7100 589

Fax: +880 2 7100 386

Email: manikbrs@1postbox.com

Contact: Mr A K Bhowmick

Dealer/Distributor

BRUNEI

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9
40000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia

Tel: +603 550 9060
Fax: +603 550 4486
Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com
Website: www.dasaprem.com
Contact: Mr Prem R Murthy
Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SHENZHEN RUFN INDUSTRIAL CO LTD

RM-701 7/F Leaser Tower
1st Fuhua Rd
Shenzhen
China

Tel: +86 755 8399 9581
Fax: +86 755 8399 9548
Email: wj@rufn88.com
Contact: Amy Jin

Dealer/Distributor

FIJI

PHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED

10 Akatea Road, Glendene

Auckland

New Zealand

Tel: +649 818 8048

Fax: +649 818 4484

Email: stuart@firemaster.co.nz

Website: www.firemaster.co.nz

Contact: Mr S Hampton

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

CHUBB HONG KONG LIMITED

3 Hok Yuen Street East
Hung Horn

Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: +852 2746 9628
Fax: +852 2785 0849

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

INDIA

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTD

M-1 Green Park Extn,

New Delhi 110016
India

Tel: +91 11 261 969 82
Fax: +91 11 261 669 61
Email: foremost@vsnl.net
Website: www.foremostsafety.com
Contact: Mr Vinay Khanna
Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9,

40000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Tel: +603 550 9060
Fax: +603 550 4486
Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com
Website: www.dasaprem.com
Contact: Mr Prem R Murthy
Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

PHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED

10 Akatea Road, Glendene,

Auckland, New Zealand

Tel: +649 818 8048

Fax: +649 818 4484

Email: stuart@firemaster.co.nz

Website: www.firemaster.co.nz

Contact: Mr S Hampton

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LIMITED

18 Penhas Road, 208182, Singapore

Tel: +65 62909890

Fax: +65 62961444

Email: don@fireweld.com.sg

Website: www.fireweld.com.sg

Contact: Mr Don Tay

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SHENG-TAI FIRE PROTECTION
INDUSTRIAL CO LTD

No 222-2 Sec2, Cheng Tai Rd
Wu-Ku Shiang, Taipei, Hsien, Taiwan
Tel: +886 22292 1751
Fax: +886 22291 1984
Email: sato@mail. mold. net. tw
Website: www.shengtai.com.tw
Contact: Liu Yuan Hung
Dealer/Distributor

CHEMETRON

CHINA

CHUBB CHINA

1/F Guard Force Centre
3 Hok Yuen Street East,

Hunghom

Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: +852-23622632

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

CHUBB HONG KONG

1/F, Guard Force Centre
3 Hok Yuen Street East
Hunghom

Kowloons, Hong Kong
Tel: +852-23622632

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT DRACO

PO. Box 2, Tambun 17510 Jkt, Indonesia
Tel: +62-21-8800058

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

YU-IL

#168 Samsung-Dong

Samsung Bldg Rm 401 Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea
Tel: +01 1-82-2-565-7121

Dealer/DistributorMACAU

PHILIPPINES

PALMER ASIA INC

33 Edsa Bangkal, 1233 Metro, Manila, Philippines
Tel: +632 751 7774

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

SEALAND RESOURCES

Block 30 Kallang Place, #06-21 To 24 Kallang
Kallang Basin Industrial Est, Singapore
Tel: +65-62968180

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

CHENG AN FIREGUARD IND

9/F No. 97 Sec. 2, Nan-Kang Road, Taipei, Taiwan
Tel: +011-8862-27888349

Dealer/Distributor

DRAEGER SAFETY

CHINA

BEIJING FORTUNE DRAEGER SAFETY
EQUIPMENT CO LTD

Yu An Lu 22, B Area, Beijing Tianzhu Airport

Industrial Zone, Shunyi District, Beijing, 101300

Tel: +86 10 8049 8000

Fax: +86 10 8049 8005

Email: peter.wang@draeger.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT DRAEGERINDO JAYA

Jl. Benda Raya No. 54 DEF-Kemang

Jakarta Selatan 12560

Tel: +6221 788 41880

Fax: +6221 781 0230

Email: jakarta.headoffice@draeger.co.id

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

DRAEGER SAFETY JAPAN LTD

3-8-1 Tokyo, 2-chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135 0047
Tel: +81 3 44615111
Fax: +81 3 44 615100
Email: yukata.kataoka@draeger.co.jp

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA

Daejong Bid. #1 106, Korea Representative Office
Bang-l-dong, Songpa gu, Seoul, Korea
Tel: +82 2 6415 8222
Fax: +82 2 6415 8223
Email: sdseo3@magicn.com
Representative Office

MALAYSIA

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD

14 Jalan PJS 1 1/18, Sunway Technology Park

46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor

Tel: +60 3 5635 6460

Fax: +60 3 5635 4171

Email: dsa.malaysia@draeger.com

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

DRAEGER SAFETY PACIFIC PTE LTD

Unit O, No. 150

Harris Road, EastTamaki, Auckland
Tel: +649 273 3160
Fax: +649 273 3159
Email: geert.herder@draeger.com

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

DRAEGER SAFETY TAIWAN CO LTD

1 2/F, Kuohwa Building, 868-5 Chungcheng Rd,
Chungho City, Taipei county 235, Taiwan
Tel: +886 (02) 2223-6388
Fax: +886 (02) 2223-2258
Email: sales.taiwan@draeger.com
Representative Office

THAILAND

DRAEGER SAFETY (THAILAND) LTD

Chamnan Penjati Business Centre

Unit 65/210 25th Floor

Rama 9 Road, Huay Kwang, Bangkok 10310

Tel: +662 6438 701/2

Fax: +662 6438 700

Email: sales@draeger.co.th

Representative Office

E2V TECHNOLOGIES

INDIA

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTD

M-1, Green Park Extn, New Delhi 1 100016, India

Tel: 00 91-11-261-96982

Fax: 00 91-11-261-66961

Email: foremost@vsnl.net

Website: www.foremostsafety.com

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

CORNES DODWELL LTD (OSAKA)

13-40 Nishihonmachi 1-chome, Nishi-ku

Osaka 550-0005, Japan

Tel: + 81-6-6532-1012

Fax: + 81-6-6532-7749

Email: e-device@cornes-dodwell.co.jp

Website: www.cornes-dodwell.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

GODO ENGINEERING CO LTD

1 FL. 142-5 Yeonhee-2

Dong Soedaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 120-112

Tel: 822-3141-1236

Fax: 822-3141-1270

Email: info@godoeng.com

Website: www.godoeng.com

Dealer/Distributor

ELKHART BRASS

AUSTRALIA

FIRE RESPONSE PTY LTD

71 Prince William Dr, PO. Box 668, Seven Hills

2147, Australia

Tel: +61 2 9838 9071

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT REJECKI UTAMA

Wisma Geha, 5th Floor, JL Timor 25
Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 316 2779

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

PSL PHILLIPS & SMITH LTD

PO. Box 69-028
Glendene

Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: +64 9 8184484

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

GUARDFIRE LIMITED

42/2 Teo Hong Bangna Building, Moo 10,
Bangna-Trad Road
Bangkok 10260, Thailand
Tel: +66 2 7467031

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

FIRE FIGHTING
ENTERPRISES

AUSTRALIA

AMPAC INDUSTRIES PTY LTD

97 Walters Drive, Osbourne Park
Western Australia 6017
Tel: 00 61 892 423 333
Fax: 00 61 892 423 334

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

HLK SERVICES LTD

Room 1111, Tower B, Hung Horn Commercial

Centre, 39 Ma Tau Wai Road

Hung Horn, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 23303083

Fax: 00 852 23656128

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

NITIN FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRIES
LTD

501, Delta, Technology St., Hirananandani Gardens,
Powai, Mumbai -400 076, India
Tel: 00 91 22 25700392
Fax: 00 91 22 25701 110

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

HI MAX CO LTD

Sicox Tower 115-Ho 513-14, Sangdaewon-Dong,

Jungwon-Gu,Sungnam-City

Kyungki Do, Korea

Tel: 00 82 31 769 7698

E-Mail khkim@himax1 19.co.kr

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS ENG.SERVS SDN BHD

No.1 Block C, Jalan Dataran Sd 1 Pju 9, 52200
Bandar Sri, Damansara, Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia
Tel: 00 60 3 62767155
Fax: 00 60 3 62758712

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

AMPAC INDUSTRIES LIMITED

PO. Box 100-149
North Shore Mail Centre
Glenfield, Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: 00 64 94438072
Fax: 00 64 94438073
Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

ACCLAIM SYSTEMS PTE LTD

Blk 104 Boon Keng Road, 05-01
Singapore 339775
Tel: 00 656 2990 798
Fax: 00 656 299 3735

Dealer/Distributor

ALARM SUPPLY PTE LTD

63 Jalan Pemimpin

03-07 Pemimpin Industrial Building

Singapore 577219

Tel: 00 656 258 3445

Fax: 00 656 258 6428

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

HORING LIH IND CO LTD

4F No 18 Lane 327
Chung Shan Road
Sec 2 Chung-Ho-City
Taipei Hsien
Taiwan

Tel: 00886 2224 87599
Fax: 00886 2224 07752
Email ahtaipei@me26.hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

F.B. (THAILAND) LTD

75 Soi Rubia, Sukhumvit 42 Road
Bangkok 10110, Thailand
Tel: 00 66 2 3902445
Fax: 00 66 2 3811197

Dealer/Distributor

TEEYA MASTER SYSTS CO LTD

100/101-102 Vongvanji, Building B, 30Th Fir,

Rama 9 Road, Huaykhwang
Bangkok 10320, Thailand
Tel: 00 662 2 6451130
Fax: 00 662 2 2488540
Dealer/Distributor

HELMET INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS

AUSTRALIA

CHUBB FIRE AUSTRALIA

120 Silverwater Road, Silverwater
NSW 21 18, Australia
Tel: +61 2 8748 7440
Email: Graham_Harris@chubb.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

BRUNEI

GLAMCO AVIATION (B) SDN BHD

GPO Box 2793

Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei BS 8675
Tel: +673 2 451757
Email: shran@brunet.bn

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

WUXI FIRETRE SAFETECH

No 8, 2nd Floor, Xian Li Road, WUXI, Jiangsu
Province 214021 , People's Republic of China
Tel: +86 510 275 3771
Email: gao@pub.wx.jsinfo.net

Dealer/DistributorFIJI

HONG KONG

SAFETECH LIMITED

Block C Unit 11, 1 1th Floor, Wah Lock Industrial

Centre, Shan Mai Street

FoTan Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

VIJAY SABRE SAFETY PVT LTD

Plot 35 Chandivali Village, Off Saki Vihar Rd,
Mumbai 400 072, India
Tel: +91 22 28475488
Email: vijaysabre@vsnl.net

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT BUMI CERAH AGUNG

Komplex Karang, Anyar Permai, Jl Karang Anyar
No 55 /Cl -17, Jakarta 10740, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 6246954
Email: rudybca@centrin.net. id

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

JIN-ASIA CORPORATION

889-3 Daedae-Ri, Unghon Myun, Ulzoo-Kun,

Ulsan City, South Korea
Tel: +82 52 221 9871
Email: jinasia@nownuri.net

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9, 4000 Shah Alam,
Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Tel: +60 (3) 551 00957
Email: dasaprem@dasaprem.com

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

CHUBB FIRE & SAFETY PRODUCTS

3 Fisher Crescent, Mt Wellington
Private Bag 9220, Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: +64 9 270 7234
Email: Daryl_Brown@chubb.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT COMPANY

24 New Industrial Rd

#02-08 Pei Fu Building, Singapore 536210
Tel: +65 6282 7722
Email: pie@pacific.net.sg

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALES

Unit 109, Cluster 3, Makati Prime City, 7708 St Paul
Road San Antonio, 1203 Makati City, Philippines
Tel: +632 890 8818
Email: alliance8Jcy@pacific.net.ph

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SECOROC CORPORATION

219 Chung Cheng North Road
San Chung City, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan
Tel: +88 2 8985 3838
Email: secoroc@ms21 .hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

CHASE ENTERPRISE (SIAM) CO LTD

497 Phrapinklao Road, PO Box 7-67
Bangyeekhan, Bangplad, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
Tel: +66 2 883 2880
Email: chase@loxinfo.co.th

Dealer/Distributor

KERR

AUSTRALIA

FIRE RESPONSE PTY LTD

PO Box 668, New South Wales 1 730,

Seven Hills, Australia

Contact: Geoff Marchant

Tel: 0061 02 9838 9044

Fax: 0061 02 9838 9071

Email: firemail@fireresponse.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

ON MAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO

6/F Block FI, Hong Kong Industrial Building

444-452 Des Voeux Road, West Hong Kong

Contact: Micheal Lui

Tel: 00852 254 72658

Fax: 00852 254 72674

Email: miclui@ctimail3.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

NITIN FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRIES
LIMITED

501, Delta, Technology Street, Hiranandani

Gardens, Powai, Mumbai 400-076, India

Contact: Vijay Shelar

Tel: 0091 22 2570 0392

Fax: 0091 22 2570 11 10

Email: shelarv@nitinfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9, 40 000 Shah Alam

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Contact: T.D. Murthy

Tel: 00603 5510 0957

Fax: 00603 5510 4486

Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com

Website: www.dasaprem.com

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

NEW ZEALAND
PSL

PO Box 69-028, 10 Akatea Road

Glendene, Auckland, New Zealand

Contact: Anne Hadfield

Tel: 0064 9 818 8048

Fax: 0064 9 818 4484

Email: anne@firemaster.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

THE EAST ASIATIC (THAILAND)

PUBLIC CO LTD - EAC

1 168/98-100 Lumpini Tower, 33rd Floor,

Rama IV Road, Kwang Thungmahamek,

Khet, Sathorn Bangkok 10120, Thailand
Contact: Patcharaporn S.

Tel: 0066 2689 5999
Fax: 0066 2689 5888
Email: patcharaporn@eac.co.th
Dealer/Distributor

KIDDE FIRE
PROTECTION

AUSTRALIA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

BRUNEI

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point, Singapore 1 1 9958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: http://www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Representative Office

CHINA

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office,

21/F Tower 2, 88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

HONG KONG
KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office, 21/F Tower 2,

88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

INDIA

KIDDE INDIA

Vijay Industries & Projects Ltd
35, Chandivali, Off Saki Vihar Road
Andheri (East), Mumbai 400 072
Tel: +91 22 851 8773
Fax: +91 22 852 6067
Email: info@vijayin.com
Website: http://www.vijayin.com
Representative Office

INDONESIA

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Representative Office

JAPAN

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Representative Office

MACAU

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office
21/F Tower 2
88 Container Port Road
Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

MALAYSIA

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Representative Office

NEW ZEALAND

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road
Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682

Braeside Vic 3195

Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171

Tel: 03 9518 5588

Fax: 03 9518 5577

Email: info@angusfire.com.au

Website: www.angusfire.com.au

Representative Office

PAPUA NEW GUINEA
KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road
Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PHILIPPINES

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 1 19958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Representative Office

SINGAPORE

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 1 19958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Representative Office

TAIWAN

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office
21/F Tower 2
88 Container Port Road
Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

THAILAND

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 1 19958

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Representative Office

NITTAN

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

QESS FIRE AND SECURITY

Quantum Business Park
Unit 60
7-9 Percy St.

Auburn NSW 2144
Australia

Tel: +61 2 9737 0933
Email: sales@qess.com.au
Website: www.nittan.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

NOTIFIER/INERTIA
FIRE SYSTEMS

AUSTRALIA

NOTIFIER/INERTIA FIRE SYSTEMS

Sydney, Australia
Tel: 61-2-9899-4155
Fax: 61-2-9899-4156

Additional Locations: Brisbane, Queensland
Melbourne, Victoria

Representative Office

CHINA

NOTIFIER CHINA

Shanghai, China
Tel: 86-21-5027-21 19
Fax: 86-21-5027-31 19

Representative Office

HONG KONG

NOTIFIER HONG KONG

Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: 852-2730-9090
Fax: 852-2736-6590

Representative Office

INDIA

NOTIFIER INDIA

Mumbai, India
Tel: 852-2730-9090
Fax: 852-2736-6590

Dealer/Distributor

Additional Locations in India: New Delhi, Chennai,
Bangalore, Calcutta, Gurgaon

SINGAPORE

NOTIFIER SINGAPORE

Tel: 65-6271-5503
Fax: 65-6271-9961

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

NOTIFIER TAIWAN

Taipei, Taiwan

Tel: 886-2-2245-7248

Fax: 886-2-2245-0927

Representative Office

PPS LTD.

AUSTRALIA

PETER MURPHY

OPEC Systems Pty Ltd
3/4 Aquatic Drive, Frenchs Forest
New South Wales 2086
Australia

Tel: +61 2 9453 9077
Fax: +61 2 9975 7808
Website: www.opecsystems.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

ANDY CHAN

Safetech Limited

Block C Unit 11-12

1 7/F, Wah Lok Industrial Centre

Shan Mei Street, FO Tan

Shatin N.T., Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2687 4038

Fax: +852 2684 2784

Website: www.safetech.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

JUN TAKAHASHI

Cornes Dodwell & Company Limited
F-Nissei Ebisu Building
16-3, Higashi 3-chome
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-845, Japan
Tel: +81-3-5774-9971
Fax: +813-5774-9980
Website: www.cornes.co.jp
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

KOAN NAMKUNG

Godo Enginerring Ltd, 3F, 219-2,

Buam-dong, Jongro-gu
Seoul, 110-817, Korea
Tel: 822-396-1522
Fax: 822-396-1524
Website: www.godoeng.com
Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

MAZLAN OMAR

TMR Alam Sdn Bhd
G-9 Impian Kota
Jalan Kampung Attap
50460 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia

Tel: +60 3227 35200
Fax: +60 3227 35171

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

RICHARD LUKOMSKI

Wholesafe, 6 Main Street,

PO Box 40

Foxton 5555, New Zealand
Tel: +64 6363 7311
Email: richard.lukomski@ppsgb.com
Website: www.acourt.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

OPEC SYSTEMS PTY LTD

3-4 Aquatic Drive,

Frenchs Forest,

New South Wales 2086, Australia

Contact: Peter Murphy

Tel: +612 9453 9077

Fax: +612 9975 7808

Website: www.opecsystems.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

JOSEPH CHOO

W H Brennan & Co Pte Ltd
47 Loyang Way,

Singapore 508739
Tel: +654 9511
Fax: +6545246

Website: www.whbrennan.com

Dealer/Distributor

FORCE 21 EQUIPMENT PTE LIMITED

61 Kaki Buki Ave 1 ,

Shun LI Ind Park

02-24 S (41 7943), Singapore

Contact: Mr Daniel Cheah

Tel: 0065 6848 4424

Fax: 0065 6848 4434

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

NELVEN CO LIMITED

14F-6 No 76 Seel,

Fu-Shing S Road, Taipei, Taiwan
Tel: +886 22721 9770
Fax: +886 28773 2047
Website: www.nelven.com.tw
Dealer/Distributor

RUSSWURM

VENTILATOREN

GMBH

AUSTRALIA

COMSOLINT

1402-2214 Gold Coast HWY

AU-4218 Mermaid Beach

Queensland

Tel: 0061 4394 93332

Fax: 0061 7300 90527

Email: info@comsolint.net

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

WUHAN GDW-BROCOO

Pneumatic Technique Co. Ltd.

No 1001 B Building, Triumphal Arc

CN-430070 Plaza Xudong Road

Wuhan, China

Tel: +86 27 86835595

Fax: +86 27 86728946

Email: brocoo58@yahoo.com.cn

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

GAS ENGG. P LTD.

C408, Shiv Sagar, Plot No 79
Gorai II, Borivali West
IND-400 091 Mumbai, India
Tel: 0091 9820035452
Email: gec@vsnl.net
Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

NARAYANI AGENCIES

J. B. Business Centre, Room No. 18,

Fifth Floor 506, 116 Park Lane S.D. Road
IN-500003 SECUNDERABAD
Indonesia

Email: sunita_na2001@yahoo.com

Dealer/Distributor

SECURITON AG

AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIAN FIRE ENTERPRISES (AFE)

PO Box 7027, Mannering Park,

NSW 2259, Australia
Contact: Mr Mike Donegan
Tel: 61 2 43 592 244
Fax: 61 2 43 593 301
Email: aidrs@ozemail.com.au
Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SECURITON AG, ALARM AND
SECURITY SYSTEMS

Alpenstrasse 20, CH-3052 Zollikofen/Berne

Tel: +41 31 910 13 21

Fax: +41 31 910 16 16

Email: claudia. flueckiger@securiton.ch

Website: www.securiton.ch

Contact: Claudia Flueckiger

Representative Office

SHENZHEN YAOHUAJI CHINA CO LTD

RM.F, 20th Floor Yong - Hui Building, Guo-Qi

Building, Shenzhen

Contact: Mr Raymond Ng

Tel: +86 755 8212 9863

Fax: +86 755 8212 9909

Email: ywk@ywk.com. hk

Website: www.ywk.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

YIU WAH (KOGARAH) CO LTD

Room 901 , 9th Floor, No 1 1 3 Argyle Street,

Mongkok, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Contact: Mr Raymond Ng

Tel: +852 2781 1384

Fax: +852 2782 6652

Email: ywk@ywk.com. hk

Website: www.ywk.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

VIMAL FIRE CONTROLS PVT LTD

19/20 Vardhaman Service Industrial Estate,

L.B.S. Marg, IN-400083 Vikhroii (West)

Mumbai, India
Contact: Mr Vijay Doshi
Tel: +91 22 2578 3335
Fax: +91 22 2578 3338
Email: vijay@vimalfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

KOREA (SOUTH)

ROYAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CORPORATION

Royal Building, 3rd Floor

840-5 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Ku

Seoul, Korea

Tel: +82 2 567 8881

Fax: +82 2 567 8831

Email: jschung@ritco.co.kr

Website: www.ritco.co.kr

Contact: Mr J.S. Chung

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS HOLDING BHD

Lot 2221, Kg. Jaya Industrial Area
MY-47000 Sg. Buloh Selangor, Malaysia
Tel: +60 3 61 57 61 99
Fax: +60 3 6157 0801
Email: chankokhoe@fittersgroup.com
Website: www.fittersgroup.com
Contact: Mr Richard Wong
Dealer/Distributor

SECURITON AG, REPRESENTATIVE
OFFICE ASIA

No. 19A, Lorong Rahim Kajai 13
Taman Tun Dr. Ismail
MY-60000 Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia

Tel: +60 3 7725 1699
Fax: +60 3 7725 1677
Email: asia@securiton.com. my
Website: www.securiton.ch
Contact: Mr Lewis Chong
Representative Office

TAIWAN

ATLAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

22F, No 1 Bausheng Road,

Yunghe City, Taipei,

Taiwan 234, R.O.C.

Tel: +886 2 223 20 556
Fax: +886 2 223 16 657
Email: david@atlasgroup.com.tw
Website: www.atlasgroup.com.tw
Contact: Mr David Liu
Dealer/Distributor

GICTEC INTERNATIONAL COMPUTING
CO LTD

No. 49 Goang Shi Road,

Kaohsiung, Taiwan R.O.C.

Tel: +886 7 715 4285
Fax: +886 7 715 4401
Email: Iic@ms9.hinet.net
Website: www.gictec.com.tw
Contact: Mr Franco Lee
Dealer/Distributor

UNIVERSAL PATH DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION (UPDC)

9F-1 306, Sec. 1
NeiHu Road, Taipei
Taiwan R.O.C.

Tel: +886 2 8751 6055
Fax: +886 2 8751 6053
Email: tchung@updc.com.tw
Website: www.updc.com.tw
Contact: Mr Terry Chung
Dealer/Distributor

TASK FORCE TIPS, INC.

AUSTRALIA

GAAM EMERGENCY PRODUCTS

29 Temple Dr.,

PO Box 21 1 Thomastown
Victoria, 3074, Australia
Tel: +61 3 9466 1244
Fax: 61 3 9466 4743
Email: bkincade@tycoint.com
Website: www.gaam.com.au
Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SHANGHAI JINDE INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT CO LTD

Room 610, 1 Lane 50, Xin Cun Road

Shanghai, 200065, China

Tel: +86 21-360-50599

Fax: +86 21-360-55599

Email: jmgushon@online.sh.cn

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

ROTTER INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

Unit A G/F. Hung To Road

6-8 Hung To Road

Kowloon

Hong Kong

Tel: 85227517770

Fax: 85227562051

Email: jacky@rotter.com. hk

Dealer/Distributor

UNIVERSAL CARS LIMITED

UCL House, 374-380 Castle Peak Road

Tsuen Wan, N.T., Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2414 0231

Fax: +852 2413 6063

Email: andrewplh@simedarby.com.hk

Website: www.mitsubishi-motors.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

FOREMOST TECHNICO PVT LIMITED

M-1, Green Park Extension
New Delhi 110016, India
Tel: +91 (11) 2619 6997
Fax: +91 (11) 2616 6961
Dealer/Distributor
Mumbai Resi./Office:

803, 8th Floor, Bldg. No. 23 C, Opp.

Jalvayu Vihar, Hiranandani Gardens, Powai,
Mumbai - 400 076
Email: info@tca.co.in
Website: www.tca.co.in

INDONESIA

PT PALMAS ENTRACO

Jl. Krekot 85, Jakarta-Pusat, Indonesia
Tel: +62 (21) 384 1681
Fax: +62 (21) 380 2660
Email: ptpalmas@attglobal.net

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

YONE CORPORATION

23, Nishinakaai-Cho

Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, Japan

Tel: +81 (7) 582-11185

Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263

Email: t.yone@myad.jp

Website: www.yone-co.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

SHILLA FIRE CO LTD

433-1 1 Non Hon-Dong

Nam Dong-Gu, Inchon City 405-300

South Korea

Tel: +82-02-3665 9011

Fax: +82-02-3663 9113

Email: kofire77@hotmail.com

Website: www.firekorea.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

CME EDARAN SDN BHD

Lot 1 9, Jalan Delima 1/1
Subang Hi-Tech industrial Park
Batu Tiga, 4000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Tel: +60 (3) 56331 188
Fax: +60 (3) 56343838
Email: simon. tan@cme.com. my
Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALES

Unit 109 Cluster 3
Makati Prime City
7708 St. Paul Rd.

Brgy San Antonio

Makati City, Philippines

Tel: +63 (2) 897-2037

Fax: +63 (2) 896-0083

Email: alliance8_jcy@pacific.net.ph

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

S.K. FIRE PTE LTD

8 Tuas Drive 2
Singapore 638643
Singapore
Tel: +65 6862 3155
Fax: +65 6862 0273
Email: houchin@skfire.com
Website: www.skfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

YONE CORPORATION

23, Nishinakaai-Cho, Nishinokyo

Nakagyo-Ku

Kyoto 604, Japan

Tel: +81 (7) 582-11 185

Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263

Email: t.yone@myad.jp

Website: www.yone-co.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

ANTI-FIRE, CO. LTD

316-316/1 Sukhumvit 22 Rd
Klongtoey Klongtoey
Bangkok, 101 10 Thailand
Tel: 6622596898
Fax: 6622582422
Email: sithichai@antifire.com
Website: www.antifire.com
Dealer/Distributor

SEAT PATTAYA CO LTD

138/74, 18th Floor, Jewellery Centre,

Nares Road

Siphraya, Bangrak

Bangkok 10500, Thailand

Tel: +66 (2) 267 3273

Fax: +66 (2) 267-3280

Email: pongpen@loxinfo.co.th

Dealer/Distributor

TYCO FIRE &
SECURITY

INDONESIA

TYCO FIRE & SECURITY

Pt. ODG Wormald Indonesia

Jl . Let Jen. TB. Simatupang no. 1 50 B

Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, Jakarta, 12530

Representative Office

UNIFIRE

JAPAN

TOKYO BOSAI SETSUBI CO., LTD.

Tokyo Bosai Setsubi Co., Ltd

Nakajima Bldg. 9F

1-8-1, Kita-shinjuku

Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo

169-0074 Japan

Tel: +81-3-3363-9761

Fax: +81-3-3363-9765

Email: ozasa@tokyo-bosai-setsubi.co.jp

Website: www.tokyo-bosai-setsubi.co.jp

Contact: Mr. Shigeru Ozasa

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

VETROTECH

JAPAN

SAINT-GOBAIN HANGLAS
(JAPAN) K.K.

6F/L Saint-Gobain Bldg
3-7, Kojimachi
Chiyoda-Ku
J-Tokyo 1 02-0083
Tel: +81 3 5275 08 63
Fax: +81 3 5275 0913

Email: infoVSGJ.vetrotech@saint-gobain.com
Website: www.vetrotech.com
Contact: Mr Sadahiro Inada

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

HANKUK PROCESSED GLASS INC

585-14

Gajwa-Dong

Incheon

404-250, Seo-Gu
Seoul/South Korea
Tel: +82 32 580 04 07
Fax: +82 32 579 04 30
Email: jspark@hanglas.co.kr
Website: www.hanglas.co.kr
Contact: Mr Jung Soo Park
Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

ADAMS STEELGUARD LTD

137 Sunnybrae Rd.

Glenfield,

Auckland

New Zealand

Tel: 649-443-2722

Fax: 649-443-7877

Email: graeme@steelguard.co.nz

Website: www.steelguard.co.nz

Contact: Mr Graeme Knowles

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

SAINT-GOBAIN (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD

1 5 Beach Road,

#04-01 Beach Centre,

Singapore 189677

Tel: +65 63372276

Fax: +65 63372247

Email: Elsen.chan@saint-gobain.com

Website: www.saint-gobain.com

Contact: Mr Elsen Chan

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

INEX BUILDING MATERIALS &
INSTALLATION CO LTD

4F. No. 219, Sec. 1
Tunhwa S. Rd.

Taipei

Taiwan

Tel: 886-2-2740 3475
Fax: 886-2-2740 3479
Email: inex@ms36.hinet.net
Website: www.inex.twmail.net
Contact: Mr William Chen
Dealer/Distributor

WOLF SAFETY LAMP

AUSTRALIA

WHYTE-HALL (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD

Unit 2, 81-83 Station Road
Seven Hills, NSW 2 147
Australia

Email: info@whyte-hall.com
Tel: +612 9838 4420
Fax: +612 9838 4460
Website: www.whyte-hall.com
Contact: Matthew MacRae
Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

PLUS ALPHA CORPORATION

5-9-12-608 Magamoto Minami-Ku

Saitama City

Saitama

336-0033 Japan
Email: p-alpha@nifty.com
Tel: +81 48 865 7784
Fax: +81 48 865 7784
Contact: Mr R Hashimoto
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

DAE MYUNG CORP

368-1 Gupyeong-Dong
Saha-Gu, Pusan
Korea

Email: daemyung@kornet.net
Tel: +82 51 261 0035
Fax: +82 51 264 0081
Contact: Mr Jung Won Lee

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

WINDSOR MARINE PTE LTD

28 Joo Koon Circle

Singapore 629057

Email: winmar01@singnet.com.sg

Tel: +65 6349 1930

Fax: +65 6778 6882

Contact: Mr Michael Lim

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

POLICO INTERNATIONAL CORP

3F, No. 43 Fuguo Road (Shin-Lin)

Taipei, Taiwan
Tel: +8862 8866 1003
Fax: +88862 8866 5479
Email: bbb8@ms18.hinet.net
Contact: MrC.T. Huang
Dealer/Distributor

ZIEGLER

HONG KONG

TUNG SHING TRADE

Development Co. Ltd.

Suite 906, 9th Floor

ICBC Tower

3 Garden Road

HK- Central Hong Kong

Hong Kong

Tel: 00852 2578 6088

Fax: 00852 2887 6993

Email: josephyip@tungshingfire.com

Contact: Mr. J. Yip

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

P.T. ZIEGLER INDONESIA

Lippo Cikarang
Delta Silicon Ind. Park
Blok A 10-2
RI-17550 Bekasi
Indonesien

Tel: 0062 21 8972835
Fax: 0062 21 8972836
Email: ziegler1@cbn.net. id
Contact: Mr. Thomas Pfister

Representative Office

ERINDO MEGHA PRIMA

Ruko Duta Mas, Blok A1/33
Jl. RS Fatmawati No. 39
Cipete Utara
RI-121 50Jakarta
Indonesia

Tel: 0062 21 73 99 732
Fax: 0062 21 73 99 637
Email: emp@centrin.net. id
Contact: Mr. Jeffry Sebayang

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

AVP ENGINEERING (M) SDN. BHD

Lot. 4, Jalan Waja 1 5, Kawasan

Perusahaan

Selangor Darul Ehsan

MAL-42500 Telok Panglima Garang

Tel: 0060 3 3122 71 17

Fax: 0060 3 3122 9152

Email: sitizawiyah@avp.com. my

Contact: Mrs. Siti Zawiyah

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

SHUR-WAY IND. INC.

Fire Fighting Equipment
4100 R Magsaysay Blvd.

RP- Sta Mesa Metro Manila
Philippines

Tel: 0063 2 715 8911-14
Fax: 0063 2 715 8911
Email: arayemtrade@hotmail.com
Contact: Ramon Estanislao

Dealer/Distributor

SOUTH KOREA

LMB KOREA LTD.

Pantheon Regency #2720

Jungja Dong 27

Bundang Gu

463-81 1 Soungnam City

South Korea

Tel: 0082-31-785-7500

Fax: 0082-31-785-7501

Email: chyoo@lmbkorea.de

Contact: Mr.C.H.Yoo (MD)

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

FIRM POWER CO. LTD.

PO. Box 46-482
6R-1 , No. 110, Sec. 2
Chang An East Road
RC -Taipei/Taiwan Roc
Taiwan

Tel: 00886 22 518-3987
Fax: 00886 22 518 3986
Email: bjc@allstrong.dom.tw
Contact: Mr. K.C. Huang

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

CHASE ENTERPRISE (SIAM) CO.LTD.

497 Somdejprapinklao Road
Bangyeekhan, Bangplad
THA- Bangkok 10700
Thailand

Tel: 00662 883-2880
Fax: 00662 433-8514
Email: thanus@chasesiam.com
Contact: Mr. Thanus

Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

EUROP CONTINENTS

1 26 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Tan
Cau Giay District, VN- Hanoi
Vietnam

Tel: 0084 4 754 0440
Fax: 0084 4 754 0469
Email: kheuthiuyen@europ-continents.com
Contact: Mrs. Kieu Thi Uyen

Dealer/Distributor

EUROP CONTINENTS

185 LY Chinh Thang S.8.

Ward 7, District 3
VN- HCM-City
Vietnam

Tel: 0084 8 93 18 776
Fax: 0084 8 93 1 8 882
Email: safety.hcmc@europco.com
Contact: Mrs. Hoang Anh

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ADVERTISERS' INDEX

Albert Ziegler GmbH & Co. KG. 49

Amkus, Inc 38

Angus Fire - A Kidde Company 56

Ansul, Inc. OBC

Bacou-Dalloz Protective Apparel 30

Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd. 37

Bio-Ex 59

Bristol Uniforms Ltd. 33

Chemetron Fire Systems IBC

Control Logic s.r.l. 40

Cranford Controls Ltd. 27

Dafo Fomtec 59

Draeger Safety Asia Pte Ltd. 17

Dr. Sthamer Hamburg 65

Du Pont Fluoroproducts 07

E2V Technologies 62

Elkhart Brass Mfg Co Inc 18

Fire & Safety Expo Korea 2007 13

Fire Fighting Enterprises 26

Firetrace International 04

GB Solo 67

Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd. 32

Holmatro Rescue Equipment 39

Honeywell Fire Systems 28

Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH 46

Lander Hydraulik Co. KG 36

NFPA 45

Nittan UK Ltd. 24

Plastika Akrapovic 35

PPS Ltd. 52

Russwurm Ventilatoren GmbH 52

Securiton AG 64

Solberg Scandinavian 59

Super Vacuum Manufacturing Co., Inc. 52

Task Force Tips, Inc. IFC

Texas A & M Emergency Services Training

Institute 21

Tyco Safety Products - Hygood 43

Tyco Safety Products - Skum 61

Unifire AB 21

Vetrotech Saint Gobain International AG 09

Wolf Safety Lamp Company 29

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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Protecting Your Valued
Assets and the Environment.

^ Negligible Global Warming
Potential (GWP) of Just One

Zero Ozone Depleting
[ ^ ; Potential (ODP)

afe for Occupied Spaces

Jrs

The Chemetron mission is simple - when it comes
to fire protection there can be no compromise.

Contact u$ today to learn more about Chemetron system solutions!

Your Single Source Solution

For further information, please contact us:
4801 Southwick Drive, 3rd Floor
Matteson, IL 60443

Phone: 708.748.1503 Fax: 708.748.2847
Website: www.chemetron.com

A UTC Fire & Security Company E-mail: info@chemetron.com

OFFSHORE/MARINE

FUEL STORAGE/HANDLING

MANUFACTURING

JUST A FEW OF THE PLACES ANSUL. FOAM MAKES PERFECT SENSE.

For that matter, advanced ANSUL Firefighting Foams protect flammable liquids wherever they are
manufactured, stored, dispensed, processed or transported. Every ANSUL foam - AFFF, AR-AFFF,
High- Expansion, flouroprotein and protein — is the result of extensive research, development and testing
at the ANSUL Fire Technology Center. Our concentrates are tested to international standards and
specifications. And ANSUL foam is delivered through a wide range of portable and fixed foam systems,
generators, proportioning equipment and discharge devices.

ANSUL Firefighting Foams. No matter how you spell it, it comes out P-R-O-T-E-C-T-l-O-N.

www.ansulinfo.com/apf3

a ANSUL

Innovative Fire Solutions

TASK FORCE TIPS, INC

§MO®GO ISGDOftlF

Flow 4500 l/min
with or without foam

l/min

600 - 8000
Fixed, Selectable or Automatic

TASK FORCE TIPS

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

PHILIPPINES

Alliance Industrial Sales
Phone: 6328908818
Fax: 6328960083
alliance8Jcy@pacific.net.ph

SINGAPORE

S.K. Fire Pte. Ltd.
Phone: 6568623155
Fax : 6568620273
houchin@skfire.com
www.skfire.com

TAIWAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
t.yone@myad.jp
www.yone-co.co.jp

THAILAND

Anti-fire Co., Ltd.
Phone: 66 2 259-6898
Fax: 66 2 258-2422
sithichai@antifire.com
www.antifire.com

2800 East Evans Avenue, Valparaiso, IN 46383-6940 USA
International + 1.219.548.4000 • www.tft.com • intsales@tft.com

SOUTH KOREA

Shilla Fire Co., Ltd.
Phone: 820236659011
Fax: 820236639113
kofire77@hotmail.com
www.firekorea.com

AUSTRALIA

Gaam Emergency Products-AU
Phone: 61394661244
Fax : 61394664743
iprice@tycoint.com
www.gaam.com.au

CHINA

Shanghai Jin De Industry
Phone: 862136050599
Fax: 862136055599
sjinde@163.com
www.sjinde.com

HONG KONG

Rotter International Ltd.

Phone: 85227517770
Fax: 85227562051
jacky@rotter.com.hk
www.rotterbiz.com

Tyco Safety Products
Phone: 6445608127
Fax: 6498270844
tsp.sales.nz@tycoint.com
www.tycoservices.co.nz

JAPAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
t.yone@myad.jp
www.yone-co.co.jp

MALAYSIA

CME Technologies SDN BHD
Phone: 60356331188
Fax: 60356343838
khairi@cme.com. my
www.cme.com.my

Pt Palmas Entraco
Phone: 6221384 1681
Fax: 6221380 2660
sales@palmas.co.id

June 2007
issue 22

Front Cover Picture: The Rescue and Fire Fighting
Department at Bangkok's new Suvarnabhumi
Airport has launched its new Drager Safety fire
training facility. Complete with three separate
training capabilities their safety and security
preparedness is set to reach new heights.

Picture Courtesy of Drager Safety ©

Publishers

Mark Seton & David Staddon

Editorial Contributors

Mat Lock, John F. Eklund, Bob Gaskill,
Paul Bowkett, Caroline Southcombe,
John Swindlehurst, Ken V. Blanchard,

P. Ebersold, Chris Martin, Jack Klusters,
Mike Willson, Stephen Prendergast,
Gerd Pearson, David Oldfield

APF is published quarterly by:

MDM Publishing Ltd

The Abbey Manor Business Centre,

The Abbey, Preston Road,

Yeovil, Somerset BA20 2EN,

United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 1935 426 428
Fax: +44 (0)1935 426 926
Email: mark.seton@apfmag.com
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Periodical Postage paid at
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additional offices
POSTMASTER: Send address
changes to IMS of New York,

PO Box 1518

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ISSN - 1476-1386

DISCLAIMER:

Reprints of articles are available on request.
Prices on application to the Publishers.

Page design by Dorchester
Typesetting Group Ltd
Printed in Singapore

■ —

21-24

05 NFPA Foreword
07-18 News and

Product Profiles

21-?4 Thailand's

Aviation Training
Takes Off

27-28 Do Type

Approval Certificates
Give The Entire
Answer?

31-36 Helmets,

Boots & Gloves

39-41 Eradicating

the Myths about water
Based intumescents

Contents

43-45 HFC Clean

Agent Fire Protection
in Health Care Facilities

57-59

47-50 Evolution of

Fire Alarm Technology:
interactive
Firefighter's Display

52-55 Aerial Ladder

Vehicle Roundup

57-59 Quick Fire

Knockdown in the
Modern Fire
Environment:
Overpowering BTU's
with Big Flows

61-63 Virtual

Training: The Realistic
Option for Training of
Countries

65-67 Large

Diameter Hose
Solutions for
Emergency water
Management

68-69 New

Thinking and Current
Developments in
Emergency Command
and Control

47-50

71-74 Air

Monitoring as Part of
Preparedness

77-79 Fire

Performance Cables -
Assessing The
Standards
internationally

80-87 Distributor &

Representative Office
Listing

88 Advertisers'
index

77-79

39-41

43-45

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

INCORPORATING

ifpmag.com

apfmag.com

iffmag.com

MDM Publishing Ltd, The Abbey Manor Business Centre,

Tel: +44 (0) 1935 426 428

blishing.com

Hi-Tech Portal Site

FEATURING

VIRTUAL ELECTRONIC MAGAZINES
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COMPARISON

The Abbey, Preston Road, Yeovil, Somerset BA20 2EN, UK
Fax: +44 (0) 1935 426 926

www.mdmpublishing.com

A two-pound preemie. A two-ton MRI machine.

How do you protect them both from fire?

Our people and fire extinguishant products make the hard choices concerning
fire protection alternatives simpler. Whether it's at a hospital or other facility,

DuPont Fire Extinguishants. The Science of Protection
cleanagents.dupont.com

The miracles of science"

Copyright © 2007 DuPont. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont", The miracles of science ", The Science of Protection ", FE-13 ", FE-25 ", FE-36", and FE-227 " are trademarks
or registered trademarks of E.l. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

FOREWORD

Foreword

Pace of progress

By Olga Caledonia

Executive Director
International
Operations, NFPA

The world's pace of progress is invigorating and we are better off because
progress forces change and the positive results of change outweigh the harmful
ones. Needless to say, the world's fire protection pace is at a gallop. Lives and
property are saved every day as a result of progress in all fields of fire safety, and
no one argues for the pace to slow down.

S cientifically based consensus codes and
standards are at the heart of the NFPA
mission. As our understanding of fire has
grown, so has our ability to design fire protection
strategies to mitigate its unwanted effects. The
Fire Protection Research Foundation, an affiliate of
NFPA, has been engaged in major research pro-
grams, both domestic and international in scope,
designed to provide the type of information that
can better support the NFPA codes and standards
process.

This past April the Foundation conducted a
workshop in Beijing under the US-China Standards
and Conformity Assessment Cooperation Program
funded by the US Trade and Development Agency
(USTDA) to exchange information on new
technologies and standards for fire detection
systems. The Foundation has several major
research initiatives to enhance fire safety standards
for detection in support of NFPA 72, the National
Fire Alarm Code. The Emerging Technology and
Standards Development for Fire Detection Systems

workshop was a valuable opportunity to gain a
better understanding of current practices sur-
rounding fire detection systems in the U.S. and
China with an eye towards the future. One of the
main objectives of the gathering was to foster
international collaboration. Manufacturers and
designers of fire detection and signaling systems
attended the event, as well as government officials
responsible for standards development.

NFPA international outreach programs support
the Association's mission particularly the advocacy
of consensus codes and standards, research and
education. The Foundation continues to respond
to challenges with activities in a number of areas
including benchmarking state of the art develop-
ments in suppression and detection systems,
research planning in the fields of post-fire
analysis and transportation vehicle safety, electrical
safety and others. We invite you to visit
www.nfpa.org/research to learn more about the
Foundation and major research programs under-
taken by the Foundation since its inception.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

7th

International Water Mist Conference

November 28 - 30 2007, Paris, France

« Are you responsible for selecting fire protection in your facility? »

« Are you looking for innovative fire suppression alternatives due to Halon phase-out? »

« Are you doing research and testing in the field of water mist technology and would like to

share your findings? »

« Are you a consultant, engineer, manufacturer or contractor and have
an interest in water mist technology ? »

...the IWMA Conference will provide answers.

EU5EBJ IMPlAJNTt

SIEMENS

Building Technologies

SEmco

FIRE PROTECTION

The IWMA Conference is sponsored by

€IIJ>

The miracles of science '

\temhrr of the fU ( Uohut Group

See

www.iwma.net

for details

FOGTEC'

FIRE PROTECTION

RODIO }.<M)

tlfCO

Fire & Integrated
Solutions

The afternoon of the first day will be used for real fire demonstrations with water mist systems
at an institute in Paris. The shuttle bus is already included in the attendance fee

Registration

Name

First Name

Organization Address

Tel.:

Fax:

E-mail:

Payment received on or before 29 June

Members 390 Euro

Non-Members 450 Euro

Payment received after 29 June

Members 430 Euro

Non-Members 490 Euro

On-Site Registration

Members 470 Euro

Non-Members 530 Euro

□ Bank transfer □ Credit Card* *1

D ayment by credit card available for attendees outside Europe by Paypal

Date Signature

Fax or mail this registration form to: International Water Mist Association, Biederitzer Str. 5, D-39175 Heyrothsberge, Germany,

or register online at www.iwma.net

Phone +49 - 392 92 - 690 25

Fax +49

- 392 92 - 690 26 E-mail info@iwma.net

NEWS

Gigantic Airbus 380 Hangar
protected by Cafco

In order to prepare in advance for the
delivery of the massive new Airbus 380
aircraft, Malaysian Airlines is extending its
maintenance facilities at Kuala Lumpur's
Sepang International Airport by
constructing an enormous new hangar,
incorporating the world's longest column-
free steel span of 230 metres.

The incredible size of the new aircraft
has demanded a quite unique column-free
design in order to accommodate the A-
380's wing span during maintenance
work. When fully in place the two colossal
supporting steel towers (and 44 individual
columns) will bear 5,700 tonnes of steel
roofing made up of truss sections. These
are to be fabricated on the ground before
being lifted into position with giant
hydraulic jacks, in one large section.

The roof trusses will not receive passive
fire protection but the two giant steel
towers (and 44 individual columns) are
being given two hours fire protection
through the application of SprayFilm WB3,
an advanced water based intumescent
coating manufactured by UK based CAFCO
INTERNATIONAL. In total, more than 4,000
square metres of steel are being protected.

The intumescent passive fire protection
system consists of a two-pack Epoxy
primer and Micaceous Iron Oxide
Intermediate (MIO) coating for corrosion
protection. This treatment is over-coated
with SprayFilm WB3 to the required dry
film thickness and then sealed with a two-
pack Polyurethane coating to provide a
long-life, maintenance free finish.

Sprayfilm WB3 has been used for a
number of years on many major national
and international projects. The thin film
intumescent coating offers a fast 'through
drying' solution and has proved to be a
cost-effective alternative to solvent based
equivalents. When subject to fire, a
chemical reaction takes place causing the
coating to expand and form an insulating
layer, which prevents the temperature of
the steel rising to a critical level.

Sprayfilm WB3 has been fully tested to
BS476: Part 21 and ASTM El 19 from
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and assessed
in line with the Association for Specialist Fire
Protection (ASFP) publication 'Fire protection
for structural steel in buildings'. It also has
Loss Prevention Certification Board (LPCB)
Certification giving clients a quick, safe and
easy-to-use treatment for providing
between 30 and 120 minutes fire resistance
on structural steel, including l-section
beams, H-section columns and hollow
sections. At ratings such as 120 minutes,
the required final thickness of an
intumescent coating increases, but Sprayfilm

WB3 has the lowest thickness requirements
of any water based intumescent coating and
its high build capability reduces the number
of coats required, thus facilitating lower
labour costs.

The construction of the hangar at Kuala
Lumpur is a joint venture between Zelan
Construction, Marubeni and Tokyu.
Installation of the SprayFilm WB3 is being

carried out by Cafco's recognised applicator,
Rushoe Enterprises. The site application
work began in December 2006 and is
expected to be complete by mid 2007.

For more information, please contact:

Cafco International
Email: info@cafcointl.com
Website: www.cafcointl.com

BW Technologies by Honeywell
introduces the revolutionary
GasAlertMicroClip

- the world's most compact multi-sensor
confined space gas detector.

The GasAlertMicroClip which is ATEX approved,
offers full-function multi-gas instrument
performance, with the simplicity, compact size
and ease-of-use of a disposable gas detector.

The small size, long life and high specificity of
the sensors are central to the sleek, compact
and functional design.

Simultaneously displaying oxygen, hydrogen
sulfide, carbon monoxide and percent LEL
combustibles present, the GasAlertMicroClip is
ideally suited to a wide range of applications
and customers including confined space entry,
telecommunication vaults and manholes,
refinery and petrochemical plants, construction
contractors, and fire service and fire-ground
overhaul monitoring applications.

The GasAlertMicroClip is housed in a rugged,
fully immersible, water resistant housing with
built-in concussion-proof boot. Other features
include an extra-loud audible alarm, flashing
LED light bars and built-in vibrating alarm.

Field-selectable user options allow the

GasAlertMicroClip to be customized for virtually
any monitoring application.

The instrument is powered by means of an
internally housed lithium polymer battery that
provides up to 14-hours on continuous operation
on a single charge. At just 1 60 grams (5.6 oz.),
GasAlertMicroClip is truly more for less.

Simply put, the GasAlertMicroClip is the
world's best value in confined space gas detectors.

For more information about
GasAlertMicroClip, visit
www.gasmonitors.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

RESQTEC MdxGrip

Extrication Glove

RESQTEC announces that they
will launch their own glove for
rescue operations; The
MaxGrip Extrication Glove.

They incorporates lot off
features to help in
operations by giving
maximum protection, i
grip and durability.

Developed using the
know-how of RESQTEC,
combined with the use of
high grade materials and
fabrics.

With the introduction of
the MaxGrip RESQTEC is
the first rescue tool
manufacturer to develop
there own glove. The reason
for RESQTEC seems simple,
as they decided to develop it
through their experience
that the gloves offered in
the market, do not fit all
the specific needs rescue
have. Although a rescue
glove is already very known
in North America as a
important tool for a
rescuer, there are still many
areas for improvement. A
glove is a important tool when it
comes to rescue in terms of safety,
protection and control but also durability
and flied and cut resistance. Because of
those reasons it seemed a logical step for
us to develop our own.

The MaxGrip Glove is the ultimate glove
for rescue operations! It is constructed
through 3 layers of Kevlar protection
combined with the high quality materials,
and unique features. If you want the best
rescue glove on the market there is only
one: RESQTEC MaxGrip.

The MaxGrip is constructed through 3
layers of Kevlar for ultimate protection and
durability. Starting with a Kevlar Twaron
lining, where in the Palm there is a special
silicon Kevlar which gives a very high
durability and grip. To give that extra
protection and durability there are
anatomical Kevlar palm reinforcements.
The top of the glove is made out of cut
resistant 2 way stretch material.

To give freedom of movement and
protection for the knuckles the glove is
made with a hard 3D Kevlar knuckle
protection.

An other nice feature is the neoprene
wrist warmer and debris protection which
makes it very easy to put on the glove but
also to keep glass out of the glove. It
makes for a very comfortable fit. The

thumb is made out of a
Goggles cleaning fabric
which can also be used
| * to wipe the nose if
§mM necessary.

The glove is washable
and can be purchased
with or without
membrane which can

block out

B harmful
fields like
blood or
hepatitis
B among
others.
)mething
s becoming
'd choice
s in North
ice of the
le higher
class suitable more for the
professional departments.

For more information check
out www.resqtec.com or
contact a RESQTEC dealer
shown in the back of the
magazine.

The glove is washable with or
without membrane.

Features:

• Finger rubber protection
• Cut resistant 2 way stretch fabric.

• 3D Kevlar knuckle protection
• Neoprene wrist warmer and debris pro-
tection

• Goggles cleaning fabric on thumb area
• Reinforcement of the thumb area
• Silicon Kevlar palm hand for perfect
grip and protection double layer Kevlar
which is cut resistance.

• Anatomical Kevlar palm reinforcement
• Gel padding protecting your hands
against crashed and hits
• High cut resistant
• Washable
Materials:

• Top: Kevlar, Rubber protectors
• Palm: Nomex® with silicon, Kevlar, Gel
Padding, Clarino®

• Lining: Twaron®

For every type or rescue operation, the
RESQTEC MaxGrip Extrication Glove can
be used. Because of all the great features
this glove has, your hands are protected
against everything that can happen on a
rescue scene.

For more information, please contact:
Resqtec Zumro Asia Sdn Bhd
Email: asia@resqtec.com
Website: www.resqtec.com

Kidde Fire
Protection
Gets Sirius

KIDDE FIRE PROTECTION announced today
that it will be launching its new Sirius II
range of conventional fire alarm control
panels at International Fire Expo 2007 on
Stand K31 . Kidde Fire Protection, a world
wide leader in the development of fire
detection and suppression systems, is part
of UTC Fire & Security, a unit of United
Technologies Corp.

The Sirius II fire panel combines
performance, aesthetics and superb value
for money. Available in 2, 4 and 8 zone
configurations it is approved to EN54 Parts
2 and 4. Features such as code access, one
person walk test and real time clock make
it the natural choice where ease of use
and flexibility are required.

Sirius II is suitable for small to medium-
sized applications such as hotels, offices
and leisure centres. Compatible with a
wide range of detection devices including
Apollo, Nittan and Hochiki, it is ideal for
new installations and refurbishments. It is
a reliable and affordable fire control panel
that will assist customers in meeting the
requirements of the new Regulatory
Reform (Fire Safety) Order.

Sirius II complements Kidde Fire
Protection's existing range of fire
protection systems including Vega
analogue addressable control panels,
HART™ High Sensitivity Smoke Detection
(HSSD™) and Alarmline™ Linear Heat
Detection systems.

For more information, please contact:
Angus Fire

Tel: +44 (0) 1844 265021
Email: jon.brittain@kiddeuk.co.uk

UTC Fire & Security

Tel: +1 860-284-3094

Email: Kimberly.reidy@fs.utc.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

BAUER

COMPRESSORS

Verticus 5 / KAP 5 stationary compressor

Mariner 250/320

BAUER offers only Independently Tested Containment Fill
Stations which were found to protect the operator from
overpressure and fragmentation per NFPA 1901.

Containment Fill Stations - Stationary & Mobile

High-Pressure Breathing Air Compressors and
Auxiliary Equipment
Worldwide Sales and Service Network

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD

2 Alexandra Road #0 1 -03A Delta House, Singapore 1 599 1 9
Tel: +(65) 6271 6271
Fax: +(65) 6272 3345
http://www.bauergroup.com
Email: info@bauer-compressors.com. sg

Because your hands
have more important
things to do.

Sage Technologies, Ltd.

215-658-0500 ■ sales@gosage.com ■ www.@gosage.com

Helmet- Vue is a trademark of Sage Technologies, Ltd.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

waterous unveils New
Bronze HiLo Pump For
Asia/Pacific Region

WATEROUS COMPANY, a global leader in
fire suppression technology, announced
the release of their new bronze HL200 and
HL300 (HiLo) Rear-Mounted Fire Pumps for
Australia and the Asia/Pacific region.
Designed for use in all rear-mounted
applications, the new bronze HiLo pumps

We are pleased to announce that Vision
Fire & Security (VFS) has changed its name
to XTRALIS with effect from 1 5 May 2007.

Our business is growing. This growth is
enabling us to extend our portfolio through
ongoing product development as well
as acquisition of complementary
technologies.

The change in our business deserves to
be recognised with a new name. Xtralis
represents the move from Vision Systems
to our own entity. With offices established
globally, our reputable products and
services, we are set for continued business
growth globally providing solutions for life
safety, business continuity and security.

The day to day running of the company,
its staff and operations continue as before.
The new name will allow Xtralis to
continue to build a prominent global
brand identity. Xtralis' product range
encompasses air-sampling smoke

feature durable construction for longer
service life and built-in high-pressure relief
valves for enhanced attacking power.

"The new bronze construction adds
heavy-duty strength to a pumps that an
already efficient water delivery systems,"
says Barry Coe, Sales Representative for
Waterous-Australia. "For rear-mounted
pump performance there isn't a better
pump series on the market."

Manufactured to the latest CEN-
recommended standards, the bronze HL200
is capable of 2000 I/m at 1 0-bar and 400
I/m at 40-bar and the HL300 is capable of
3000 I/m at 1 0-bar to 400 I/m in at 40-bar. It
features a durable bronze construction and
the two-stage HL200 features automatic
piston priming with a rated performance of
1000 I/m from 7.5-meters lift.

The new bronze HiLo comes with a
standard six-port manifold for flexible
discharge valve positioning, left-or right-
hand 100 mm tank-to-pump connection
and an easy mounting for a 'Round-the-
Pump' foam system. Both HiLo models are
backed by an industry-exclusive five-year
warranty.

For more information, please contact:
Waterous - Australia
Tel: 07 55228930
Email: bcoe@waterousco.com.au

detection systems (VESDA), sophisticated
video-based security solutions (ADPRO),
voice alarm systems (MILLBANK), fire
control & management solutions
(PROACTIV) and a latest acquisition of
ASIM, a manufacturer of security
detectors, traffic detection & traffic data
acquisition systems.

As a result, you will see a new logo and
our web address has changed to
www.xtralis.com. All current offices remain
with the addition of Switzerland as Head
Office for continental Europe.

For more information, please contact:
Xtralis

Website: www.xtralis.com

4 > xtralis

Notifier’s onyx

FIRSTVISION™
Revolutionizes
Emergency
Scene Size-Up

Breakthrough
Technology Helps
Firefighters Quickly
Identify Fire Origin
and Migration,
Building Hazards and
Exit Routes

NOTIFIER, a world leading manufacturer of
commercial fire alarm technology and
systems announces ONYX FIRSTVISION™,
a revolutionary wayfinding navigational
tool for firefighters and other emergency
responders. Only ONYX FIRSTVISION, a PC-
based touch screen, graphically displays
critical information on the origin and
spread of a fire; allowing firefighters to
quickly locate and extinguish the fire,
reducing property loss and saving lives.
With ONYX FIRSTVISION, Incident
Commanders can focus on critical
information necessary for making fast,
effective and well-informed decisions,
speeding scene size-up and execution of
response operations.

Developed from extensive research and
interviews with senior level professional
firefighters, ONYX FIRSTVISION is easy to
use, requiring no special training. The
interactive display summarizes building
floor plans showing the location of all
active fire alarm devices, water supplies,
evacuation routes, access routes, fire
barriers, gas, power and HVAC shutoffs, as
well as chemical and structural hazards in
the building. With ONYX FIRSTVISION
connected to the fire alarm control panels,
crucial information is easy to interpret with
a spatial, graphical depiction of the
location and sequence of detector
activation. And unlike traditional graphic
annunicators, ONYX FIRSTVISION is
interactive, allowing emergency
responders to access information they
need to conduct safe and efficient
emergency response operations.

ONYX FIRSTVISION - another
breakthrough technology from NOTIFIER.
Leaders in Life. Safety. Technology.

For more information on ONYXFirstVision,
please visit www.notifier.com

Vision Fire & Security has
a new identity - Xtralis

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

unleash the
'Fire Dragon'

When developing or enhancing 'fire and rescue' training there are a broad
spectrum of operational and financial implications to consider. In simple terms all
training should be appropriate, realistic and safe whilst limiting its impact on the
environment and satisfying any budget limitations.

I n answer to these evolving needs, and in recog-
nising the increased skill diversity required by
modern day emergency crews, Drager Safety has
adapted its legendary SCBA gallery and fire training
technology to produce a mobile capability - the Fire
Dragon.

versatility

The Fire Dragon is a mobile training platform offer-
ing a wide range of options, depending upon the
user's requirements. It is important to understand
that these are an engineered solution, not an 'off
the shelf' product. The unit's configuration can be
adapted to provide the following capabilities:

• SCBA exercise evaluation and training maze

• Defensive and offensive fire fighting training inc.
flashover

• Workplace Safety Training (i.e. confined space
entry, height safety, gas detection)

• Major incident/command and control training

• Personal protection and detection equipment
servicing

• Community fire awareness/Public relations

• Hand-held fire extinguisher training

The Fire Dragon is normally based on the standard
external dimensions of ISO shipping containers i.e.
20' or 40' for ease of shipping and/or road trans-
port. These are however the only fixed dimensions
and Drager Safety's many previous projects have
demonstrated the high levels of versatility available
through their 'value engineering' processes.

As evidence of the Fire Dragon's versatility Drager
Safety will deliver Asia Pacific's first unit later this
year. This unit represents the latest generation and
includes many of the above listed capabilities; SCBA
training maze, LPG Propane fuelled fire scenarios,
an exercise evaluation section and equipment
servicing area complete with a computerised control
system and OH&S compliant 'cool room'.

The Fire Dragon can be operated in almost any
environment and can be supplied with its own power
generator, high pressure breathing air compressor
and fill station. This can be a crucial consideration for
users who operate in remote locations and must
maintain a state of operational preparedness.

For more information on the
Fire Dragon or to discuss
your training needs please
contact Drager Safety on the
details below.

Mat Lock

Drager Safety Asia Pte Ltd

Singapore

Email: mat.lock@draeger.com

Environmental consideration

For fire fighting applications Drager Safety incor-
porate their proven LPG Propane training systems
within the Fire Dragon. With the Drager Safety TUV
accredited safety systems and control included as
standard the user is assured of safe operation,
repeatable scenarios and environmental acceptability.

As a reflection of Drager Safety's engineering
capabilities and environmental considerations a
water recycling system is also available to minimize
usage during live fire fighter training evolutions.
This can also reduce the OH&S implications when

operating in sub-zero temperatures and may
broaden the scope of possible training locations
available.

Wide audience

The range of existing users of Drager Safety's Fire
Dragon is extensive and includes professional fire
services, military departments and industrial unit's
alike. The versatility of the configuration and LPG
Propane fire scenarios means it can reflect many dif-
ferent training environments. Offering both recruit
and skills maintenance capabilities the applications
include, but are not limited, to the following:

• Residential

• Commercial

• Aviation

• Marine

• Industrial

Whether it is a kitchen scenario in a residential
home, a galley fire in an aircraft, an engine room
fire in a ship or a paint storage rack in a factory -
the Fire Dragon can re-produce a representative
training environment. Additional features such as
staircases (with or without collapsed treads), raking
ladders, dry risers, power distribution boards and
varying door and window styles add further realism.
This really is an engineered solution. . .

Each Fire Dragon can be equipped with necessary
personal equipment such as SCBA (open and/or
closed circuit), personal gas detection, thermal
imaging cameras and communication equipment. If
a nomadic instructor protocol exists then their
apparel can also be stowed within the unit to mini-
mize today's travel baggage constraints.

Engineered solution

The Fire Dragon is yet another example of Drager
Safety's commitment to the international fire and
rescue communities. Whilst an already proven and
established solution across the US and Europe, the
Fire Dragon is now becoming the natural choice for
many emergency and military organisations within
Asia Pacific also. As with all Drager Safety products,
their in-house training and service capabilities e nable
them to fully support each system. EJ23

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

If foam choice is important,
technique of application is crucial

It is commonly admitted that the foam
concentrate is a critical parameter to
achieve extinction. Eventually, AFFF would
be considered as the best option.

Scientists raised concern over the poor
behavior of fluorinated compounds in the
environment. Numerous studies indicate
that these compounds are very Persistent
(vP), Bioaccumulative (B) and/or Toxic (T).

So how are we handling the situation if
the most efficient foam cannot be used for
environmental concern?

Let us examine the question.

Fires can fall in three categories; solid
fuel fires (class A), hydrocarbon fires (oil)
and polar solvents fires (chemicals) class B.

It has been proven that class A foam
outperforms AFFF on solids fires. Fire
Brigades are tackling class A fires for at
least 95% of their total. So AFFF can be
replaced easily with a non-fluorinated
foam in that case.

French Safety Committee for Oil
Industry has conducted a study to
ascertain various scenarios on oil fires. As a
conclusion, they pointed out that,

Building on the unique blend of expertise,
experience and market knowledge from
Southcombe Brothers Ltd, the FireMaster
Ultra® structural fire gloves lead the way
in design and technology.

The only gloves in the world using
PYROHIDE fire-resistant leather, FireMaster
Ultra® gloves are made with premium,
high-end materials at every stage. Fully
NFPA and EN659 certified, designed for
supreme heat and cut resistance but still
dextrous and lightweight, US fire houses
have been clamouring for test samples.

The finger-curved design has been
imitated but never bettered. The refined
design gives confidence that only comes
from excellent fitting, lightweight, leather
kit.

"There's a reason why we supply almost
80% of fire brigades in the UK," said David
Southcombe, Managing Director of
Southcombe Brothers Ltd. "And that is
because our gloves consistently outperform
all others. With 160 years in business behind
us we have made it our mission simply to
make the best performing fire gloves on the
market. We have no interest in cutting
corners or imitating inferior designs."

Made from Pyrohide® fire-resistant
grain leather, unique to Southcombe
Brothers, the gloves will not crack or warp

whatever the foam is, it is highly
recommended to select gentle application,
such as fixed foam chambers. This
indicates that forceful application with
monitors and AFFF should be only

under extreme heat conditions. And this
amazing leather is not just fire-resistant, it
will repel chemicals, liquids and heat -
then dries soft and supple.

The gloves also use a Gore Crosstech™
membrane, Kevlar™ palm and finger
patches, Kevlar™ blended linings,
Kevlar™/Nomex™ cuffing (on wristlet
models only) and are stitched throughout
with Nomex™ thread.

For more information, please contact:
Southcombe Brothers Ltd
Email: cjs@southcombe.com
Website: www.southcombe.co.uk

considered as an exception and not a rule.

It is commonly accepted that, on
chemical plants, gentle application is the
only option, due to the fact that forceful
application would not achieve extinction
with a reasonable amount of foam. As a
fact, all the relevant standards (EN1 568
and UL) classify foams under gentle
application.

If not for direct application (monitors) in
oil industry, it is then widely accepted that
it would be better - or mandatory - to rely
on fixed systems delivering foam in gentle
manner to achieve extinction and
protection of the risks. It increases
dramatically the efficiency of the fire
attack, reduce the consumption of water
and eliminate the need for AFFF.

Nowadays, fluorine free foams are
available and meet international standards,
such as EN1 568, LastFire and GESIP.

It is noteworthy that, by following the
best application methods, it is possible to
switch from fluorinated foam such as AFFF
and FFFP to an eco-friendly fluorine free
technology and address both the issues of
extinction and environmental with
confidence.

For more information, please contact:
Bio-Ex S.A.

Email: export@bio-ex.fr
Website: www.bio-ex.com

Advanced Quality

Reach out in confidence
with FireMaster Ultra

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

Task Force Tips'

BLITZFIRE®

portable monitor:

providing maximum coverage with limited
staff

Task Force Tips designs equipment with the understanding that firefighting tools
must work hard under extreme conditions - at times even acting as an
additional team member. That logic helped TFT to develop the BLITZFIRE®
portable monitor — an industry standard known worldwide for safely providing
maximum coverage with limited staff.

For further information:
Tel: +1 219 548 4000
Email: intsales@tft.com,
or visit www.tft.com

T he BLITZFIRE® has six detent flow positions and
a patented integrated turbulence-free slide
valve that allows an operator to either gate a
stream in manned usage, or to use the monitor as
an unmanned device. Even with its flow of 500 gpm
(2000 Ipm), the BLITZFIRE® enjoys the portability of
a handline, yet offers carbide tipped stability, sport-
ing the widest deployed stance (34"or 86.3 cm) of
any monitor in its class. Its ability to preconnect to
an apparatus' tailboard makes it the monitor of
choice for initial attack teams.

The best selling portable monitor allows "first
due" firefighting crews to focus a blitz attack flow
directly to the seat of the fire just moments after
arrival. Its low (10° above ground) attack angle gives
operators the ability to "go in the front door" safely
with high fire flow, and its 20° side-to-side (40°
total) and up to 50° elevation give it maximum
maneuverability. If the unit destabilizes, its patented
safety shut-off valve closes automatically - slowing
the BLITZFIRE® flow to near stroke end, eliminating
possible water hammer.

The BLITZFIRE® can be ordered with TFT's
exclusive oscillation feature that offers a 20-, 30-, or
40- sweeping motion. This unique feature, which
can be retro-fit to many existing models, is being
used by emergency specialists for bio/chem incident
preparation. Emergency containment corridors go
up in moments, allowing large groups of victims to
be bathed in oscillating BLITZFIRE® streams, with
little impact of the low pressure stream felt by the
victim(s).

"For those who have limited storage space who
still want the power of the BLITZFIRE®, our engineers

have developed the Blitz Lite™," said Larry King, TFT
VP of International Sales. "It's actually a 'Micro-
monitor' - which tells you how easy this is to set up
and handle. With the Blitz Lite's smooth waterway
and built-in stream straightener, there's minor friction
loss - something like 8 psi at 500 gpm. So it's stream-
lined in design, and still a powerhouse."

Although 500 gpm (2000 Ipm) is ideal for
resolving many problems, at times firefighters are
faced with battles on smaller scales - where they're
looking at 1" or 1.5" lines. In those cases,
QuadraFog selectable nozzles are an excellent
nozzle choice. The optional colored pistol grip helps
to identify this economical lightweight selectable
gallonage nozzle, which comes in tip-only configur-
ation for break-and-extend operations, or with
stainless ball shutoff.

The QuadraFog 1 " (25mm) series features unique
cut fixed metal fog teeth that produce patterns
ranging from straight stream to narrow fog to
extremely wide fog. The 1" offers 5-10-24 or 40
gpm @ 100 psi or 20-40-100-150 l/min @ 7 bar
versions. Adding either the low-expansion or
multi-expansion foam attachments broadens this
selectable gallonage nozzle's versatility.

The QuadraFog 1.5" (38mm) comes with choice
of fixed or stainless steel spinning teeth, and features
30-60-95-125 gpm @ 100 psi (110-230-360-470
l/min @ 7 bar), or low pressure 75 psi (5 bar). This
1.5" (38 mm) nozzle boasts both FM approval
and NFPA 1964 compliance. The 1.5" (38mm)
QuadraFog offers a choice of fixed or stainless steel
spinning teeth, and also accepts low-expansio n or
multi-expansion foam attachments. ESQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

The future of
fire detection
has begun

- with the new generation of fire
detectors from Securiton AC

The new SecuriStar® line of fire detectors from Securiton is taking the fear out
of fire. These clever detectors are able to detect fires in their earliest stages with
a reliability and precision never equalled before - for maximum safety, whatever
the environment.

W ith a whole new range of technical
innovations the SecuriStar® fire detectors
are now more intelligent than ever.
What's more, the amount of installation and
operating work involved has been drastically
reduced. For instance each individual fire detector
has its own individual UNI, or Unique Number
Identification. The benefits during installation and
operation are immeasurable. The detector is
connected to the system very simply using plug
and play, which means that any cabling errors are
instantly localised. If a detector is replaced, its
successor automatically takes over its UNI.

This versatile range of products
means that Securiton is able to
ensure that every environment
is monitored by precisely the

self-monitoring capability also plays a major part:
The detector provides even more detailed status
messages so that the surveillance personnel at the
control centre are instantly in the picture.

right type of detector.

For more information please
contact:

Securiton AG
Alarm and Security
Systems

Alpenstrasse 20, CH-3052
Zollikofen/Berne
Tel: +41 31 91011 22
Fax: +41 31 9101616
Email: info@securiton.ch
Website: www.securiton.ch

The Securistar H is the first fire detector which,
once installed, no longer requires configuration
with a complex set of parameters; instead it
adapts permanently and entirely autonomously to
its environment. With the help of the self-
developed "cube levelling system" the new fire
detector continuously measures ambient param-
eters such as absolute temperature, the relative
temperature rise, and any air murkiness. It then
uses these values to determine the optimum
sensitivity for each operating site and adapts to
the prevailing circumstances.

Deception alarms on the defensive

Maximum fire detection accuracy is the result of
improved smoke and temperature symmetry, inter-
connected sensors, optimised smoke penetration
response and new alarm filters. With the operating
mechanism now consistently optimised in this way,
the reliability of detectors with regard to deception
alarms has improved dramatically. The enhanced

Compatible in any direction

The devices of the new Securistar® line of fire
detectors are both forward and reverse compatible.
This means that existing detectors can easily be
replaced by the new generation of detectors. The
existing detector bases, data format and line
network can all be combined with the new devices
without compromising performance. What's more,
today's Securistar® fire detectors as designed to
match up perfectly with tomorrow's new types of
control centres and signalling lines.

On the alert, whatever the situation

With its three detector types the new Securistar®
line is an absolute all-rounder. Under its elegant
exterior the MTD 533 combines a smoke detector
and a heat sensor. While the UTD 533 is a
steadfast heat detector, the MSD 533 uses
scattered light to detect instantly any open fires
generating smoke. This versatile range of products
means that Securiton is able to ensure that every
environment is monitored by precisely the right
type of detector. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

p/laking light work of safety ■ t

The Wolf Rechargeable Torch - part of
the definitive range of portable ATEX safety
lighting products, for use in explosive
atmospheres. R30 Halogen R-50 / R55 LED.

• ATEX approved for explosive gas and dust

. environments

• High power LED or Halogen bulb versions for
9 outstanding light output

• Compact and lightweight ergonomic torch

Sm I design

ATEX lECEx

CwolF)

• Two levels of output give up to six hours
duration

• Battery state-of-charge indicator

• Utilises latest Li-ion battery technology,
eliminates ‘memory’ effect

• Very low maintenance, quick and easy part;

replacement *

• Quick charge with mains and vehicle options

www. wo If -saf ety.co . u k
Tel: +44 114 255 1051

High quality
foam concentrates
and foam equipment

“ THE INDEPENDENT ALTERNATIVE”

DAFO FOMTECAB
P.O Box 683

SE- I 35 26Tyreso Sweden

Phone: +46 8 506 405 66
Fax: +46 8 506 405 29
E-mail: info@fomtec.com

ARCTIC FOAM

by SOLBERG SCANDINAVIAN

SCANDINAVIAN Visit our website;

FIREFIBHT1N6 FOAM AND EQUIPMENT WWW. a TCt \ Cf 08 fTI . CO ITI

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

New Foam Product Will Revolutionise
Decontamination Theory And Practice
in Europe

A foam product that will revolutionise
decontamination theory and practice in Europe
is being introduced from the US by
PROFESSIONAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS.
Designated EasyDECON™ DF 2000 this new
decontamination solution is capable of killing or
neutralising a broad range of WMD
contaminants. Also because of its unique
chemical structure it can be used on practically
anything from vehicles to whole buildings. A
chemical and biological decontaminant it also
kills mould as well as eliminating its smell.

EasyDECON™DF200 is particularly suitable
for the decontamination of structures as it has
the unique ability to adhere to vertical and
inverted surfaces where it creates a foam
blanket to maintain the required contact time
between agent and the decontamination
formulation. It has the added virtue of being
non-corrosive and its use adds no
environmental load to the clean-up operation.
Kill time ranges from a few minutes to half and
hour depending on agent and environmental
conditions.

When used with application equipment
designed by the US Intelagard company even
coverage is achieved thus maximising contact
time and suppressing any reaction from the
agent being treated whilst decontamination
takes place.

Whilst the Intelagard company are suppliers
of EasyDECON™ and equipment for its
application to the American military and
Homeland Security amongst others PPS have
won exclusive rights to the product in the UK,
France, Spain, Germany, Japan and Italy all of
whom are major users of current PPS
decontamination equipment.

The obvious major feature of this new system
being offered by PPS is that it does not use
water. According to Mark Whitcher, Managing
Director of PPS, water has been at the core of all
decontamination technologies until; now.
"Essentially what water does" he says "is move
contaminant from one place to another. In small
quantities water can be contained and disposed
of. With something the size of a vehicle you
start to have problems and with a building it
becomes just about impossible to use
successfully. EasyDECON™ is the answer".

Various systems for the delivery of the foam
are available, from a backpack to a large scale
fixed site decontamination system.

A relatively small scale deployment
apparatus, a backpack unit named the Macaw
can be used for facilities protection at nuclear
power plants, pharma companies, petro-
chemical facilities and similar process
operations as well as military installations. It
has also developed a sport side being on hand
at most US Grand Prix events.

The fixed site decontamination system on the

other hand can undertake interior and exterior
building decontamination, hazmat and fire
response, cargo and infrastructure protection as
well as decontamination at airports, runways,
seaports and roads amongst other types of
infrastructure.

What is the connection
with Fire...?

Helmet Protection on
land and in the air

Few of the many thousands of the
Cromwell fire helmet users throughout the
world, will be aware that UK based HELMET
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS LTD (HISL) are also a
leading international manufacturer of
helmets for military and civil aircrew, now
used by over 60 air arms worldwide.

The extent to which aircrew helmets
have developed over the years since the
introduction of the 'bone dome', mirrors
the similar development of fire helmets, in
that there are very similar requirements for
high levels of fire and impact resistance,
comfort and fit, lightweight construction,
and the ability to integrate with breathing
and communication systems.

HISL have been able to continuously
transfer developments in materials and
anthropometric research from the aircrew
sector, to that of fire and rescue helmets,
the latest result of this being their new

Further information from:
Professional Protections Systems Ltd.
Tel: 01908 272240
Fax: 01 980 371605
Email: sales@ppsbg.com
Website: www.ppsgb.com

Cromwell dual shell helmet ER1-FR2,
which enables different helmet
configurations to be adopted depending
upon operational requirements. This is a
similar design concept to that of the
helmet unit that they supply for the very
latest F35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) which
enables different 'mission modules' to be
attached to the helmet unit.

For further details of the Helmets range
fire and aircrew please visit their website
www.helmets.co.uk

HlSL's Alpha fast jet helmet

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

Holmatro® Duo
Pump DPU 31 PC:

light AND quiet

The DPU 31 PC Duo Pump - Personal Power® has been developed to meet the
demand for a light and silent duo pump for the simultaneous operation of two
rescue tools.

W ith a weight of only 25 kg and an
excellent centre of gravity the DPU 31

PC Duo Pump can easily be carried by
one person only. Most countries' occupational
health and safety regulations state that one person
is not allowed to carry objects heavier than 25 kg.

Another important feature is the low noise level
of 68 dB at 1 m distance. This is more comfortable
for the victim. It also provides a better workplace for
the rescuer because it is easier to communicate at
the rescue scene. The pump has an eco mode
switch: when connected tools are not used, the
engine automatically switches to eco mode for a
very low noise level and fuel consumption.

For further information
please visit:
www.holmatro.com

The DPU 31 PC Duo Pump has LED lighting
above the valve block which allows for easy identi-
fication of the pump location in the dark. Further-
more, it facilitates coupling and uncoupling of the
hoses.

The pump is also equipped with gauges at the
front for easy checking of oil and petrol levels.

The hydraulic oil contents of 2490 cc is suffi-
cient to operate two rescue tools at the same
time.

What makes the DPU 31 PC Duo Pump really
unique is that it is the first Holmatro® duo pump
that is standard equipped with Holmatro's revolu-
tionary CORE™ Technology. This technology is a
turning point in speed, ease and safety of operat-
ing hydraulic rescue tools. For the DPU 31 PC Duo
Pump and other duo pumps equipped with

CORE™ Technology this means that you only need
two hoses instead of four to connect two tools to
the pump. Every connection of a hose to a pump
and tool means 2 times coupling instead of 4, and
2 times clicking dust caps together instead of 4.
With a duo pump this means a saving of 8 times
'coupling and clicking'!

A traditional rescue system requires the rescuer
to switch the pump (valve) to neutral before
changing (disconnecting and connecting) the res-
cue tool is possible. A CORE™ system allows the
rescuer to change the tool while the hose is 'under
flow'; the pump is running and the valve is always
selected. It is no longer necessary to change the

tool at the pump. On the contrary, the rescuer can
change his tool any time, whenever the circum-
stances require and without delay, even without
releasing pressure at the pump. Working with
CORE™ increases the rescuer's flexibility, s aves
time and is much easier to handle. EEQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

Qatar Petroleum selects Emergency Command
System products for advanced fire training

integrated fire command training system is that
command at both the tactical and operational
levels can be combined within exercises with a
high degree of realism. Individual fire
commanders can be trained and tested on their
individual tactical fire ground skills, and more
senior commanders can be trained and tested
on their ability to manage major incidents
where complex challenges can occur, resources
need to be carefully managed and difficult
decisions made.

Emergency Command System products
enable all exercise activities to be recorded for
post-exercise analysis and comment.
Consistency of training doctrine is promoted by
adopting a computer-based approach which
incorporates local operational procedures and
local and international best practice. Emergency
Command System scenarios already incorporate
advanced technology for simulating typical
activities specific to oil and gas fires, such as
drenching systems and foam blankets.

For further information contact:
VectorCommand Limited
Tel: +44 (0) 2392 410400
Website:

www.emergencycommandsystem.com

• Mounting of the camera along the helmet
center-line minimizes spatial disorientation
between normal viewing and displayed
camera image.

• An adjustable display that can be used over
either eye, offset for occasional reference, or
moved completely out of the user's view.
Applications for the HelmetVue camera

include Structural/Proximity Firefighting, Wildland
Firefighting, Hazardous Materials Emergencies,
Urban Search and Rescue Incidents, Military SAR,
Shipboard Damage Control Parties, Border
Surveillance, and many other applications.

Interested dealers should contact Sage
Technologies by phone (+1 215 658 0500) or
by email (sage@gosage.com). The HelmetVue
may be seen at www.gosage.com

Qatar Petroleum, one of the world's largest
liquefied natural gas and oil exporters, has
selected a package of advanced fire safety
training software and services from leading UK
technology company VECTORCOMMAND. The
products were chosen to support the company's
ambitious expansion plans for developing its
gas and oil reserves and LNG tanker fleet, with
associated requirements for training for crisis
responders.

The two products selected - Emergency
Command System/Tactical Command Trainer
and Emergency Command System/Training and
Exercising System - are widely used by fire
safety managers throughout the world to
provide tactical command training and
operational command training for crisis
responders.

Qatar Petroleum will initially use the two
virtual reality-based training packages to
prepare commanders for dealing with large tank
farm fires and training for dealing with fire on
LNG tanker ships. As part of the Qatar
Petroleum contract, senior system developers
and customer support staff from

VectorCommand will travel to Qatar where they
will work closely with local Qatar Petroleum
personnel on product and scenario
customisation as well as staff training and
familiarisation.

One of the many benefits of adopting a
virtual reality-based approach within an

Sage Technologies, Ltd. introduces
Hands Free Thermal imaging To
international Markets

SAGE TECHNOLOGIES is looking for dealers to
market their hands free helmet mounted thermal
imaging camera, HelmetVue, in international
markets.

The HelmetVue camera system weighs less
than one pound and uses two commercial AA
batteries. It possesses a 160 by 120 pixel camera
with a 50 degree field of view. The camera can be
mounted on most helmets by a bracket secured
to the brim or by a helmet strap adaptation.

Either method enables the camera to be secured
to a quick release mechanism for transfer to
another helmet.

The HelmetVue camera is distributed in the
United States and Canada by the Total Fire Group
company and is marketed as the FireWarrior.
Hundreds of units have been sold and have
demonstrated the camera's effectiveness in
severe environmental conditions. The HelmetVue
camera is also distributed in Japan by COMTEC
Corporation.

The benefits of a hands free IR camera system
primarily rest upon the facts that less personnel
are required for fire suppression and that
individuals are able to perform hand-required
tasks while "seeing" in either smoke or darkness.
Some of these benefits can be identified as:

• Total hands-free operation during
suppression, search/rescue, and
overhaul/salvage operations.

• Reduction of your search time to locate
victims or the fire source.

• Essential visibility through darkness and
smoke (since the camera senses temperature
differences, it is especially effective in seeing
hot spots and locating victims).

• An ergonomic design that enables
firefighters/emergency responders to
simultaneously see both thermal and normal
views.

• A quick release design that facilitates easy
and fast transfer of the camera between
firefighters/emergency responders.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Let’s hear it for the scientists.

In industrial fires, response time is important, but getting there fast isn’t always enough.
For safer, more effective fire suppression, reducing the risk of burn-back is critical.

Fire-fighting foams made with DuPont" Forafac® fluorinated surfactants extinguish fire
and increase burn-back time on all types of polar liquid and hydrocarbon fires.

With a broad range of industrial applications including oil, chemical and aviation
fire-fighting foams, Forafac® additives are also compatible with a variety of surfactants
to meet specific formulation needs.

* * ^ j* X

With over 30 years of leadership in the science of fire suppression, DuPont is
committed to developing safe, reliable products that improve performance
—and meet regulatory guidelines.

Our wealth of reliable, safe ingredients, combined with market knowledge and technical
expertise, provides the raw materials needed for product exploration and customization.
This, as well as the trust the world has in us, affords our customers the freedom to innovate.

DuPont" Forafac®

DuPont Surface Protection Solutions

The miracles of science™

www.firesuppression.dupont.com Asia Pacific +886.2.2719.1999 Europe +33.1.41.97.45.59 North America 1-866-828-7009

Copyright © 2007 DuPont. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont”, The miracles of science”, and Forafac® are trademarks or registered trademarks of E.l. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Real Fire - Real Training

Real Experience

Training with our fire training systems
prepares you and your personnel for real-life
scenarios

Please visit our website or contact us at the
following mail address: mat.lock@draeger.com
for more information.

PIONEERING SOLUTIONS »

Detection

Personal Protection

Dragersafety 1

Diving Technology

System Technology

Services

ARFF TRAINING

By Mat Lock

Drager Safety Asia Pte
Ltd, Singapore

Thailand's
Aviation Training
Takes Off

Aviation fire protection is a well documented and commonly discussed topic
within the international arena. Global economics and trade have facilitated
unprecedented growth of the aviation sector resulting in Airports becoming the
transport hubs of modern life and air traffic around the world. What is clear
however is that with this growth comes an increased logistical and operational
consideration for aviation emergency services.

I t is these considerations which Wing Com-
mander Lukchai Chaleoyprach, Vice President of
the Rescue and Fire Fighting Department at
Bangkok's new Suvarnabhumi Airport, must also
come to grips with. With the grand opening of the
new airport on the 28 th September 2006 the initial
phase has seen the airport handle approximately
76 movements per hour with an anticipated 45
million passengers per year. Five of its 51 gates are
already equipped to handle the new Airbus A380
and the three stations of the Aircraft Rescue & Fire
Fighting (ARFF) Department are manned 24 hours
a day for the purpose of firefighting, rescue
missions and fire prevention.

Airports are categorised on a scale of 1-10,
based on the largest size of aircraft that regularly
uses the Airport. The largest airports in the world at
the moment are Cat. 9, but the new double-decker

Airbus A380 aircraft soon to be brought into opera-
tion shall require Cat. 10 facilities. Specific standards
are laid out for the emergency services for each
Category, including the number of fire appliances;
minimum performance levels for appliances; crew-
ing numbers; training for fire-fighters; amount of
water, foam, and other extinguishing agents;
Rescue equipment to be carried; emergency access
routes; and additional water supplies.

It is up to the ARFF to ensure that the standard
is met at all times, and if the standard cannot be
reached or maintained for some reason, then it
may be necessary to divert the larger aircraft to air-
ports that can provide the required facilities. In the
case of an emergency, an aircraft may be forced to
land at an airport not matching its category size.

Like all ARFF units, the crew's at Suvarnabhumi
Airport, Bangkok's new International facility, may

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ARFF TRAINING

be required to respond to fire alarms that actuate
in the terminal building(s), to Road Traffic Acci-
dents that occur on the airport grounds and to a
myriad of other possible incident's that require
special skills. The primary job of the ARFF is how-
ever the protection of aircraft and their occupants.

History has shown that approximately 80% of
all aircraft accidents occur during the take-off and
landing phase. As a result emergency personnel
must receive regular response training for possible
incidents that may occur. As with all training it
must be realistic, safe and repeatable whilst limit-
ing its impact on the environment.

In answer to these requirements Drager Safety
has developed a broad spectrum of turnkey avia-
tion training systems, the very latest of which can
be found at Suvarnabhumi Airport. Engineered
solutions such as these help emergency personnel
maintain the required state of preparedness in-line
with the international regulatory requirements.

The Training Facility

Acting as the Prime Contractor, Drager Safety was
responsible for the entire co-ordination and
integration of this turn-key project. They achieved
project success through a carefully orchestrated
combination of regional and head office support.
In addition, numerous aspects of this facility were
produced locally thereby demanding a solid
international project management capability and
cultural understanding.

The new 2.6-hectare training facility is located
directly next to the new terminal and is home to
three separate trainers all of which are controlled
via the central computer terminal in the control
building.

• Boeing 747 aviation trainer

• Fuel spill simulator

• SCBA training gallery

The Passive Aircraft Trainer (PAT)

This wide bodied, multi level aircraft trainer comes
in the form of a Boeing 747 and is a full size replica
of the actual aircraft. This trainer represents the

very latest of Drager Safety's 'Passive Aircraft
Trainer' (PAT) range and can be filled with cosmetic
smoke for increased realism during search and
rescue scenarios.

The aircraft mock-up is constructed using over
250 tonnes of corrosion resistant steel and incor-
porates many realistic features which enhance this
modern training environment. These include a
realistic compartment orientation, representative
door openings, accurately scaled engine nacelles
and an evacuation slide from the Gull Wing door
on the upper deck. The PAT can be used to per-
form numerous incident scenarios and practice
evacuation procedures.

Equipped with Drager Safety respiratory
equipment and thermal imaging cameras, rescue
personnel comb the internal areas in the search for
passengers, crew members and the cause of the
incident. Numerous 75kg manikins are strategically
located throughout the aircraft to add a further
level of challenge and realism.

The Fuel Spill Trainer (FST)

This module simulates a fuel spill fire and is
complete with a Boeing 737 replica in its centre.
To maximise safety and minimise the environ-
mental impact of this new training facility LPG
Propane is used to create all flame generation - a
process that requires a wide range of integrated
safety systems and proven control philosophy.

With a total surface area of over 750m 2 it is
important to ensure a realistic and versatile train-
ing environment is maintained. As a result the
Drager Safety FST incorporates a total of 66 indi-
vidually controlled sections which can be operated
at variable and operator selectable flame heights.

The FST also includes Drager Safety's unique
Media Detection system. A total of 132 sensors
automatically detect the application of extinguish-
ing media and cause the fire(s) to react accordingly.
By harnessing the ingenuity of the computer
control system the spread of fire is controlled to
accurately represent the real situation.

The two most commonly used foam types are

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ARFF TRAINING

THAILAND'S AVIATION TRAINING TAKES OFF. . .

compatible for use with the FST. These are Film-
Forming Fluoroprotein (FFFP) or Aqueous Film
Forming Fluorochemical (AFFF), both of which are
mixed with water in a certain ratio to produce
finished foam. In addition, a wide range of
training foams can be used with this simulator.

As you would expect from such a large and
spectacular facility, it is also important to protect
the B737 mock-up from the rigours of repeated
live fire training. To that end a water drenching
system is installed along the length and breadth of
the mock-up providing a protective film of water
over the fuselage at a rate of 10.2 ltrs/min/m 2
in-line with NFPA 1 5.

SCBA Training Gallery

SCBA sets are provided to all aviation fire service
operational personnel for respiratory protection
from smoke, toxic fumes and other substances. As
a leading manufacturer of SCBA, Drager Safety
also has a long history of supplying comprehensive
training galleries to compliment this life preserving
apparatus.

An additional SCBA facility was developed adja-
cent to the two aircraft trainers and provides heat,
humidity, cosmetic smoke and confined space
training together with search and rescue capabili-
ties. This capability provides both recruit training
and skills maintenance competences for Wing
Commander Lukchai Chaleoyprach and his team.

"Before my personnel are deployed they have to
complete this live fire training", emphasises Wing
Commander Lukchai Chaleoyprach. As well as the
realism of training he attaches great importance to
the safety standard employed in the manufacture of
the equipment. "We also practice evacuation pro-
cedures here by sending our fire fighters into the
smoke logged Boeing 747. Our safety procedures
allow us to maintain in constant communication
with our men whilst they are inside."

The Control & Operation System

The entire facility is operated via a central computer
which is located in the control room overlooking
the training ground. Underpinned by an industrially
proven PLC hardware configuration, the Windows
based operating system provides real-time infor-
mation to the controller in English, German or the
local Thai language.

The ease and simplicity of the operating system

We present a comprehensive range of high-performance and environment compatible fire fighting foam concentrates.

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Telefax +49 (0) 40-73 61 68-60 Telefax +49 (0) 35 01 -46 44 85

E-Mail: info@sthamer.com • www.sthamer.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ARFF TRAINING

THAILAND'S AVIATION TRAINING TAKES OFF. . .

is a testament to Drager Safety's design team and
engineers. Not only does the system perform self
diagnostic checks to ensure full and correct system
status prior to training but it also captures a wide
range of data for use by the training and main-
tenance teams post-training.

The modern training arena remains a dynamic
and exciting environment which requires continual
re-assessment in the search for improved efficien-
cies and compliance maintenance. Occupational
health and safety together with industry regulation
and guidelines continue to steer this ever evolving
market.

"Simply stated, airports are categorised on a
scale of 1-10 based on the largest size of aircraft

they regularly cater for. The largest airports around
the world, such as Suvarnabhumi Airport, are
currently Cat. 9 but as the aviation industry enters a
new era of aircraft design with models such as the
Airbus A380, airports may be called to review their
operational capacity." stated Mat Lock, Regional
Manager Asia Pacific, Drager Safety. "It is not just
direct passenger and aircraft considerations that
need to be catered for but emergency prepared-
ness and training also. We are assisting many
airports with their training needs analysis and
allied capabilities development".

Of course, facilities such as this provide a train-
ing capability for a wider spectrum of needs than
simply live fire or search and rescue training. As
mentioned previously, the role of a modern avia-
tion fire crew is varied and places demands upon
their personnel and equipment. There are many
ancillary applications for which this facility will be
used, these include; major incident training, com-
mand and control training and counter terrorist
applications. In addition, there is a need for the
required support facilities to support these training
activities.

"It is crucial that a holistic approach is adopted
when developing any training facility. Drawing
upon a wealth of experience in manufacturing
personal protection and detection products, devel-
oping breathing gas and workshop systems
together with a strong regional presence for pro-
ject support of training facilities, Drager Safety is
becoming the natural choice for many emergency
and military organisations around the world"
stated Mat Lock, "Additionally, our own training
and service capabilities enable us to support each
installation throughout its life using our local
offices and staff. This has the clear advantage of
language capabilities, support response times and
future system development alike'.

The Suvarnabhumi Airport training facility is
one which the airport emergency services and
Drager Safety are rightly proud of. It reflects a
modern and professional engineered solution in
answer to the current regulatory demands o f the
aviation world. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

TRELLCHEM VPS:

PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXCELLENCE

Trellchem® VPS suits combine protection from
a wide range of dangerous working situations
and uncompromising quality. This makes each
suit a very cost-effective, long-lasting personal
protection solution.

Designed and skilfully handmade by expert
craftsmen, each Trellchem® VPS suit takes
advantage of proprietary multilayer laminate
technology that provides excellent chemical
barrier properties.

Personal protective suits are a significant com-
ponent in often risk-filled activities. Trellchem
VPS suits are therefore built to be extremely
durable and strong while still maintaining neces-
sary and reliable levels of functionality.

Ask for Trellchem® VPS - Wide-ranging, cost-
effective personal protective suits.

Certificates & Approvals Trellchem® VPS

European standard for hazmat/emergency teams EN 943-2.

NFPA 1991 incl. chem/bio warfare testing. A Trellchem® VPS suit
fulfils all demands as a “single skin” suit and does not require any
additional cover to meet flame and abrasion requirements.

TRELLEBORG

ENGINEERED SYSTEMS

Trellchem HPS-T &
VPS-VP1 ' single skin -
one layer' reusable suits
by Trelleborg

By John F. Eklund

Senior Sales and
Product Manager,
Trelleborg Protective
Products AB

Do Type Approval
Certificates Give
The Entire Answer?

A reflection on chemical protective
suits from the standards point of view

Chemical protective suits (CPS) are available in many different designs and
materials. The decision of what CPS to use must be based on type of application
and desired protection factor for the actual user.

T here are CPS standards that establish minimum
requirements as guideline for decision makers
and first responders when evaluating/selecting
CPS. These standards are good tools provided that
their rather complex content is understood correctly.

The most recognised standards for CPS of level A'
(i.e. totally encapsulated) type suits are the American
NFPA 1991 and the European EN 943. The former must
be considered as the superior (i.e. most stringent) of the
two, as shown in the summary comparison table.

Besides the fact that the chemical permeation resis-
tance test criteria and test duration stipulated in the
American standard is more stringent compared to the
European equivalent, NFPA 1991 requires abrasion of
test samples prior to the chemical permeation resistance
test. This requirement is regardless of the CPS being of
a 'single skin/one layer reusable' or a 'disposable/limited
use' type. The EN 943 standard does not dictate any
abrasion prior to the chemical resistance test.

The fact that chemical permeation tests in accor-
dance with NFPA 1991 are made on abraded material
is of great importance and advantage for the users
since these results reflect the reality much better than
corresponding tests made according to EN 943.

A chemical protective suit does not only represent a
chemical barrier protective piece of equipment but also
a working garment which will be exposed not only to
contact with aggressive chemicals but to general wear
and tear when operated.

Chemical resistance information based on test
results made to the American standard NFPA 1991

offers greater confidence for the user since the pre-
conditioning involves severe abrasion, reflecting wear
and tear, which chemical protective suits are exposed
to during operations and training.

Do type approval certificates give the entire answer?

The answer to this question could, in fact, be "yes
and no" depending how deep we are prepared to dig
into the rather complex content of the standard
documents and to understand the limitation of the
available options of CPS.

The market offers in principle two different
approaches/solutions to meet the requirements out-
lined in the stringent American NFPA 1991 standard:

Option one includes suits made of delicate and
fragile plastic laminate based materials which are
often referred to as disposable or limited use or
'Suit-in-Suit' ensembles.

These plastic laminate based suits require a second
outer aluminised protective over cover to be certified
according to the American NFPA 1991 standard. The
second outer aluminised protective suit not only pro-
vides flame retardant resistance properties but (more
importantly and unfortunately often not known) also
protection from abrasion and other physical wear and
tear hazards, which these delicate and fragile multi
layer thin foil laminate based materials cannot stand.
Consequently, this aluminised over cover (second suit)
is mandatory to meet the abrasion as well as the
flame retardant requirements in the NFPA standard
and to be certified to the NFPA1 99 1 .

Outside the North American market this over cover

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE SUITS

DO TYPE APPROVAL CERTIFICATES GIVE THE ENTIRE ANSWER?

STANDARDS ON GASTIGHT CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

John F. Eklund (b. 1951) is
Senior Sales and Product
Manager of the Trelleborg
Protective Products AB, a
company within the Swedish
international industrial group
Trelleborg AB. John is a
highly qualified engineer with
more than 23 years of
experience in managing the
development, engineering,
production, marketing and
sales of advanced chemical
protective clothing (CPC) and
other personal protective
equipment (PPE).

USA

Europe

STANDARD:

NFPA 1991

STANDARD:

EN943-1 and EN943-2

TEST CHEMICALS:

21 specified chemicals (1 5 liquids and 6 gases)

TEST CHEMICALS:

EN943-1 : > 2 none specified chemicals

EN943-2: 1 5 specified chemicals (1 2 liquids and 3 gases)

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TEST METHOD:

Permeation resistance test method; ASTM F739

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TEST METHOD:

Permeation resistance test method;

EN374-3 or EN ISO 6529

DETECTION LIMIT OF PERMEATION TEST:

0,1 pg/cm 2 /min

DETECTION LIMIT OF PERMEATION TEST:

1,0 pg/cm 2 /min

PRECONDITIONING OF PRIMARY SUIT MATERIALS

PRIOR TO PERMEATION TEST:

Flexing and (!) abrasion

PRECONDITIONING OF PRIMARY SUIT MATERIALS

PRIOR TO PERMEATION TEST:

None

DURATION OF PERMEATION TEST:

> 60 min

DURATION OF PERMEATION TEST:

EN943-1 : 10 min

EN943-2: 30 min (or if failure to pass include warning in
users manual)

TEST TEMPERATURE OF CHEMICAL PERMEATION
RESISTANCE TEST:

+27°C (+81 °F)

TEST TEMPERATURE OF CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
PERMEATION TEST:

+23°C (+73°F) or 20°C (+68°F)

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TEST OF ZIPPER/CLOSURE:

Tested for penetration resistance for 60 min after 50
opening/closing cycles.

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TEST OF ZIPPER/CLOSURE:

Tested for permeation resistance for 5 min (no
preconditioning i.e. opening/closing required). This test
applies to EN943-2 only!

WARFARE AGENT RESISTANCE TEST:

"Chembio" testing with five agents (permeation test
method CRDC-SP-84010); min. test duration: 60 min.,
test temperature: +32°C (+90°F) except for CK
permeation test method ASTM F739)

WARFARE AGENT RESISTANCE TEST:

No test stipulated.

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(i.e. second suit) is often "forgotten" by the
distributors due to price and in some cases also due
to ignorance. Often, the inner barrier "plastic" suit is
sold without any over cover but reference is made to
type approval certificates, test protocols, resistance
tables etc. which are valid for the complete (Suit-in-
Suit) ensemble only. A fact, which could jeopardise
the safety of the wearer.

Furthermore, these limited use type of "plastic"
suits are made of delicate and fragile plastic laminate
based materials, which do not incorporate any strong
base fabric but a non-woven "tissue" only offering
very poor mechanical strength properties compared to
the durable and reusable 'single skin - one layer' type
of CPS which incorporate strong, safe and flexible true
fabric.

The second option is the durable, robust and
reusable 'single skin - one layer' type of CPS. These
exclusive reusable 'single skin - one layer' suits meet
or surpass all requirements of the NFPA 1991
standard, including the stringent abrasion and flame-
retardant tests without any need of an aluminised
over cover i.e. second suit. These reusable suits are
made of garment materials of advanced polymeric
multi layer laminates incorporating a barrier laminate
and a strong, safe and flexible true base textile.

Lists of all available CPS products certified to the EN
943 by the various European notified bodies are
unfortunately not available, which poses a major prob-
lem/challenge for decision makers and first responders
when evaluating available certified options. Such lists
of CPS products certified to NFPA 1991 exist in Ameri-
ca and are published on the Internet. However the lists
do not group or differentiate disposable or limited use
(Suit-in-Suit) ensembles from reusable 'single skin -
one layer' type of CPS.

Your decision and selection of CPS will not be about
a piece of clothing. It will be about a life support system
- your last link in your chain of protective equip ment.
And someone's life could depend on it. EH9

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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HELMETS

Jet Style Fire Helmet

By Bob Gaskell

Helmet Integrated
Systems Ltd

Fire Helmets -
the way forward

Fire fighting helmets have come a long way since the days when they were
made from a combination of cork, vulcanised rubber and cotton twill bonded
with resins.

I n the 1930's the first cork helmets were intro-
duced to replace the impressive looking, but
increasingly impracticable helmets manufactured
from brass. The use of layers of cork sheet cut and
glued together, was the same manufacturing
process as that used for many years when making
the tropical 'topee' helmet.

The use of cork gave the benefits of good shock
and thermal protection combined with lighter
weight and reasonable comfort to the wearer. This
then established the distinctive style of helmet
with a brim and comb that became the standard
for use in many countries worldwide. However,
the drive towards more rigorous standards of pro-
tection, with the need to improve wearer comfort
and reduce through life costs, accelerated the
development of fire and rescue helmets to meet
these requirements.

Fortunately the availability of modern materials
such as thermoplastics, composites and resin
impregnated glass fibre, combined with new
moulding techniques have enabled the introduc-
tion of helmets that are both lightweight, and
extremely strong.

Having to be worn in arduous and hazardous
conditions, there are two main criteria that estab-
lish the suitability of the modern fire helmet - the
level of protection provided to the wearer and
comfort and fit,

To provide protection for the face and head
against a wide range of hazards such as, impact
penetration and shock, fire, radiant heat, chemi-

cals, and electrocution, and to do so in varying cli-
matic and operational conditions, places great
demands on the helmet, and consequently on the
design and construction process leading up to
approval testing, certification, and introduction
into service.

Apart from the physical protection provided by
the helmet, the extent to which the helmet can be
adjusted for both fit and comfort, ensures that an
effective interface with a breathing apparatus
facemask and protective clothing can be achieved.
The helmet therefore will usually achieve this by
means of an adjustable headband, forward and
backward location, height adjustment capability,
and a multi position brow guard angle.

In addition the construction of modern fire hel-
mets provide the added benefits of easily replaced
individual components, thereby reducing mainte-
nance, improving hygiene and increasing service
life with an associated reduction in lifetime owner-
ship costs.

The current British/European Standard BS EN
443:1997, is an internationally accepted approval
standard for fire helmets, and in common with
other international standards such as AS 4067
(Australia) and includes an extensive series of tests
covering, field of vision, shock absorption, resis-
tance to sharp objects, flame resistance, radiant
heat resistance, electrical properties, and retention
system strength, with additional optional wet hel-
met and surface insulation tests.

Prior to testing the helmet is subjected to

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

HELMETS

Dual Shell Fire Helmet

pre-conditioning which will include procedures
such as UV ageing, solvent conditioning, and
thermal plus or minus conditioning, depending
upon the specific test to be carried out. A separate
standard and testing procedure applies to the
helmet faceshield, the current standard being
British/European Standard BS EN166: 2001, which
has superceded BS EN1 66:1 995

By nature of the varied and extreme operational
conditions experienced, the fire and emergency ser-
vices have particularly demanding communications
requirements. Confined spaces, high temperatures,
high levels of ambient noise, all combined with the
stress and rigour of the work being undertaken,
make good radio communications a vital necessity.

Most fire helmets can now be supplied with
integral communication systems, or be capable of
accepting a removable headset with microphone
and receiver that can be connected to the radio via

a downlead and push to talk unit.

A major factor in the design of the latest fire
helmets has been the requirement to reference
published international anthropometrical data relat-
ing to both male and female fire fighters and rescue
personnel, across a range of ethnic groups, thereby
ensuring that the helmet will be suitable for interna-
tional use. Consequently the latest development in
fire helmets has been the introduction of dual shell
types that reflect this requirement

Dual shell helmets enable the Fire and
Rescue Services to use the double shell helmet
when undertaking structural fire fighting opera-
tions, and use only the inner shell when attending
other emergencies such as road traffic accidents,
woodland fire fighting, water rescue, urban search
and rescue and industrial incidents such as con-
fined space rescue operations.

For the future the fact that several international
manufacturers of fire helmets are also manufactur-
ing helmets for military and civil aircrew means that
some of the technology and operational features
can cross over into the development of fire helmets.

The latest aircrew helmets such as those being
developed for the Eurofighter Typhoon and Lock-
heed Martin F35 Joint Strike Fighter, introduce hel-
met mounted flight information displays, high 'g'
load sealing masks with advanced communication
systems, and materials which enable the helmet to
be lighter and have the optimum in fit and com-
fort levels. Many of the requirements of an aircrew
helmet mirror those of the fire helmet - impact
and penetration resistance, fire and radiant heat
protection, coupled with minimal physiological
effect on the wearer.

It is very probable that special fire and rescue
operations teams will need to use such helmets in
the future. There are already major advances in the
use of telemetry associated with the use of breath-
ing apparatus and fire entry control systems; the
limiting factor has always been the extra weight
that ancillary equipment adds to the base equip-
ment. The fire helmet can be an ideal platform for
the addition of sensing, warning and monitoring
equipment that integrate with the other protective
equipment worn by the emergency services
personnel.

By Paul Bowkett

Firefighter Footwear

Footwear specific to fire fighting has to perform various functions in what is the
harshest most dangerous work environment anybody would ever face. There are
important aspects to consider which combine safety & comfort of the wearer.

Changes

T he advances in safety footwear have been
vast since the days of heavy solid soles. The
trend for lighter materials and comfort factors
in leisure footwear generally means that this is
demanded across all aspects of workplace
footwear, whether it be for patrolling, construc-
tion or firefighting. Manufacturers have to find
ways to develop footwear which improves the
levels of safety and include those important com-
fort factors.

In addition to those product expectations the
role of the fire fighter is changing due to the

broader variety of callouts. Wellington boots may
be ok in fire or water related incidents but for
Road Traffic Accidents and other rescue situations
they could be totally inappropriate. Firefighters
need to be fully mobile and effective in all situa-
tions they face, and would indicate the need for a
multi-task solution.

important Features

Footwear must comply with the latest safety
standards, which ensure the footwear will resist a
minimum level of impact and compression force. It
should also allow for wearer comfort in a long

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

HELMETS, BOOTS AND GLOVES

enduring shift using quality materials and innova-
tive technology to this end.

Upper Materials

Upper materials should be considered for its
resistance to hazardous environments and natural
elements, but also the level of breathability it will
provide. The best full grain thick leather ensures
some protection from flames and water and
allows the foot to breathe, rubber is fully water-
proof but is often hot, sweaty and uncomfortable
to wear.

The Sole

The sole is probably the most crucial element of
firefighting footwear as this will have the longest
contact with the ground. Procurement managers
should look for a tough rubber outsole for superior
durability, to resist nicks and cuts into the sole and
for its higher heat resistance. The sole is also

THE WORLD’S
FIREFIGHTERS

responsible for comfort of the feet and other parts
of the body. Solid rubber soles do not allow for
shock absorption which can effect long term con-
dition of knees, hips, the neck and back. Plus they
are often heavy and tiring on the wearer's feet.
Dual density sole combinations are commonly
used which incorporate two specific layers of
material, a harder dense outsole with a lower
density midsole to provide a lightweight and
comfortable wear.

Donning and Doffing

There is clearly an emphasis on speed in both don-
ning in rapid callout situation and getting the
footwear off easily after long hot shifts or in an
emergency. There have been stories of firefighters
having to be cut out of their boots after an
extremely long and difficult shift, which makes this
problem very real. Some premier manufacturers
have considered this problem and created an
elasticated, flexible ankle area in a traditional
leather Wellington style. This offers security whilst
in action, but also makes them easy to remove.
Other ideas include a lace up/zip up combination
so the footwear can be tightly secured to the
preferred level but also quickly zipped on and off.

BRISTOL

www.bristoluniforms.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

BOOTS

Fit

Although obvious, a good fitting boot improves
the performance of a firefighter, giving them confi-
dence in their uniform to go out and focus entirely
on the job in hand. Again it is arguable that tradi-
tional rubber Wellingtons can provide an adequate
fit versus other branded of footwear. A good
secure fit can be achieved by a fitting consultation
to ascertain the correct size, and looking at zip up,
lace up or elasticated grip alternatives.

Technologies

With all the essential safety features covered, fire
brigades must then consider the fit and comfort
factors that differ between manufacturers. The
most crucial aspect is the sole where technologies
may differ. Whilst there are many soling tech-
nologies, only a handful would suffice for a
firefighting role. The best 'fit for purpose' firefighter

sole on the market would be the dual density
rubber (DDR) sole, as it is a highly durable thick
rubber sole made of two specific layers, a tough
high density outsole and a lower density midlayer
which provides the shock absorption and comfort.
In practical terms other soles with a combination
of polyurethane and rubber cannot offer the same
level of protection and durability.

All firefighting footwear should also include
waterproof properties which can be provided by
use of waterproof membranes or rubber. Premium
firefighting footwear includes systems like
GORE-TEX® to provide a breathable yet water-
proof solution. Generally these systems offer the
best level of comfort in terms of warmth and
dryness, and can prevent foot or nail diseases.

Fitting consultations are always recommended to
ensure all firefighters obtain the best fitting and most
comfortable boot to the correct safety standard.

Conclusion

Footwear should allow the wearer to be in complete
control, so the right fit and great flexibility in a pair
of boots make for important considerations. Pro-
curement officers must not overlook comfort factors
for firefighter footwear, where a lighter weight and
shock absorbing rubber sole can make all the differ-
ence to the performance and long term health of
the team. The right footwear offers a firefighter the
optimum protection against the extreme external
hazards but factors in those important comfort and
flexibility features to ensure the firefighter can last
the distance. It is what we have tried to do with our
own Goliath firefighter range, taking in all those
considerations and developing a comfortable,
lightweight dual density rubber sole solution.

For further information about the Goliath Footwear
range please visit www.goliath.co.uk.

By Caroline
Southcombe

Southcombe Brothers
Ltd

Modern-day armour

A firefighters' hands are one of the most vulnerable parts of his body. Hands are
used to clear debris, burning or contaminated with chemicals, blood or other
pathogens. Firefighters use them to lift the injured from wreckage or fire.

G loves that protect the user and yet still
manage to be dexterous are the holy grail
of fire gloves, and gloves are the most
discussed items of PPE. Debates rage as to which
type of glove is preferable and indeed which
materials are the 'best'. The one truth that comes
from all this debating is that there is not one
'magic' glove that will do it all, and gloves for
fighting structural fires need different qualities
from those used for extrication purposes.

We know that fire-fighters face many different
hazards as part of their daily work. Solvents,
chemicals and sharp objects are just as threatening
as the risk of scalds and burns and firefighters are
equally as likely to encounter them. Therefore all
fire gloves have to provide protection against a
wide variety of hazards. Of course, they must also
allow the firefighter sufficient dexterity to operate
all the complex machinery used in today's
technologically developed fire service.

Historically, most fire brigades in the UK had

purchased gloves to the American National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) specification. The
ideology behind the development of American
gloves was that the thicker and harder they are,
the more protection they could offer. The new
European standard (EN 659), introduced in 1996,
challenged this. That standard has now been
refined and a further standard added -
EN659:2003. This includes a number of alterations
and additional tests to take into account:

There are three levels of protection applicable
to an EN standard.

1 simple design

2 intermediate design

3 complex design

Fire-fighting gloves incorporate the highest level
(3), complex design. All of the materials used in
the glove, plus the actual design and structure are
tested by an independent laboratory before being

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

GLOVES

HELMETS, BOOTS AND GLOVES

awarded the EN standard. The manufacturing of
complex design products must also be certified to
an approved Quality Management system.

Current thinking means that minimum perfor-
mance standards have now been increased for
abrasion, tear and performance standards. This
ensures that gloves that meet the standard are
now more robust and durable, offering greater
levels of mechanical protection.

A revised version of this standard has now been
accepted: EN659:2003. This includes a number of
alterations and additional tests, taking into
account areas that were not previously covered by
the 1996 document. For example, the method
given for radiant heat has been changed. The new
methods given in ISO 6942 (superceding EN366)
utilised a heat flux density of 40k/m 2 .

A requirement for the contact heat of a wet
glove has also been included. This test takes into
account the potential risk of steam burns or scalds
where moisture build-up on the inside of the glove
is driven to steam through external contact of the
glove with hot objects.

One new and significant area which was not
covered by the original version of EN659 is the
potential of contact with liquid chemicals.
Firefighters often find themselves in situations
where accidental contact with a liquid chemical
occurs. As firefighters know always too well, it is
not always possible to avoid contact with these
hazardous chemicals. It is essential that gloves are
constructed in such a way that they provide a pro-
tective barrier against liquid chemicals. The EN368

test method is used to assess the glove against a
range of chemicals: 30% sulphuric acid, 40%
sodium hydroxide, 36% hydrochloric acid and
heptane have been chosen to represent the most
common types of chemicals that are encountered.

Taking all of the situations and hazards that
today's firefighter will encounter, it is essential that
hands are given the maximum amount of protec-
tion. But it is not quite a simple as layer upon layer
of thick, protective fabrics. A poorly designed
glove made with inferior materials can prove to be
so frustrating to wear that the fire-fighter is
encouraged to remove the glove in a situation that
requires dexterity. For obvious and chilling reasons,

CnOMWEUL- DUAL- Hi

ADAPTABLE PROTECTION f=OR

Dual helmet system complies with International
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and FR2 Structural Fire Fighting

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retractable goggle, suitable for
paramedics, civil defence, RTA,
police and rescue personnel

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T SYSTEM

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‘r

S B

1 1 i

Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd.
Commerce Road, Stranraer,
DG9 7DX, Scotland, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1776 704421
Fax: +44 (0) 1776 706342
E-mail: sales@helmets.co.uk

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

GLOVES

HELMETS, BOOTS AND GLOVES

this can be extremely dangerous. The design of a
glove is of paramount importance to ensure the
best possible combination of protection and
dexterity.

To ensure the highest protection, it is recom-
mended that the outer shell of the glove is made
from a good quality grain leather. The first line of
defence in the fire-fighting glove is the outer shell,
so the need for an excellent quality protective
leather is the most important requirement.

LEATHER TYPES

Pig Leather - smooth and firm, recognised by
hair holes in the skin - used for cheaper leather
gloves

Goat Leather - strong leather more suitable
for basic working gloves

Cowhide Leather - very tough, very strong
and supple. Ideal for gloves where protection
and dexterity are required.

The term 'hide' describes the outer covering of
large animals, i.e cattle, while 'skin' refers to small
animals e.g sheep, goats and pigs. The charac-
teristics of animal skins vary accordingly to the part
of the world the animal lives. Generally, the
temperate zones of the world provide the best
environment for growth and development of live-
stock. The less favourable the climate and the more
primitive the animal husbandry, the poorer the
general condition of the animals and the lower the
potential leather-making qualities of their hides
and skins. The leather industry in the UK follows a
strict chain of events to produce a high-quality
product. Once the animal has been slaughtered,
the raw hides must be preserved to stop deterior-
ation, especially during transportation. The hides
are 'fleshed' to remove the fleshy tissue on the
inside. Depending on the thickness of the hide, it
is then split into 2, 3 or 4 individual skins. The first
and best quality leather will be the top grain side,
the second or third split in the hide will result in an
absorbent suede leather, with no tensile strength,
mainly used for cheaper styles of fire gloves.

The next stage is adding solvents to the dye vats
- these reduce the grease level to 5%, which is
acceptable for dyeing. Tanning converts the raw
skin into a stable material which will not putrefy,
this is done with minerals such as chromium,
aluminium and zirconium. Shaving the leather is
done to achieve a uniform thickness for fine glove
leather; this is usually 1.1mm to give adequate
protection from the leather and also the highest
dexterity when on the hand. The final wet process
is for the hide to be dyed, this can either be surface
dyed (the cheaper process) or complete penetration
dyeing. Fat liquors and chemicals are also applied in
this process to give flexibility and softness.

There are two basic designs for a firefighters'
glove, they can use either a Gunn-cut design or a
fully fitted design.

The Gunn cut design is a cheaper option, as it
has only one leather centre piece to fit the sides of
the two middle fingers, thus having less seams.
However, the fully fitted cut design incorporates a
separate piece of leather cut for each side of the
fingers, thus using more leather and more stitched
seams, but offering a better fit, with more dexterity.
The actual cutting of the leather into the hand
shapes is of vital importance. The skilled cutter must

first ensure that the hide is free from faults and
scars, plus they must ensure, through stretching,
that the leather has 'run', meaning that the leather
is not restrictive when the hand closes into a fist
shape. However, for the length of the glove, the
stretch in the leather must be restrictive, you do not
want the finger lengths to grow longer and longer
the more times they are pulled on and off the hand.

The separate leather pieces (in some cases up to
9), are now ready to be sewn together to form the
outer shell.

In a modern, protective, three-layer glove, the
combination of the moisture barrier and the inner
lining is very important. This barrier and lining
supports the protection given by the leather shell
and must be securely stitched into the tops of the
fingers to ensure 100% lining retention.

The range of materials available to glove makers
has undergone a revolution in the last decade.
While the more traditional materials, such as cotton
or nylon and pile fabrics still have a role to play, the
age of the performance fabric is now with us.

Fabrics or yarns are now available which thermo-
regulate, transport and manage moisture, stretch
for comfort without losing shape, prevent the
passage of blood-borne pathogens and even inhibit
the growth of bacteria. Ideally for fire-fighting
gloves you need a material constructed from aramid
fibres, such as Nomex, to offer protection for the
hand against thermal and mechanical hazards.

Although the EN659:2003 standard still does
not have a requirement for a waterproof
membrane, a good quality firefighting glove will
incorporate a membrane - particularly one that is
resistant to blood-borne pathogen fluids.

Gore's state-of-the-art Crosstech moisture barrier
has been qualified under the NFPA standard 1971
(1997 edition). Gloves incorporating the Crosstech
moisture barrier are tested to ensure it is blood,
body fluid and common chemical liquid pen-
etration resistant. In addition, these gloves will
be waterproof and provide the highest level of
performance, durability and breathability.

In increasingly unstable and rapidly developing
times, the threat to today's firefighters has never
been greater. Fire gloves are developing just as fast
- when hands are fully protected, confidence
grows, and if this protection can come with
dexterity too, then the firefighter has an esse ntial
tool in his modern-day armour. EEQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

444

innovation.

444

VFR2000

The comfort is made of “Coolmax Dupont®” fabric
and the internal stuffing guarantees a perfect fit of the
helmet ensuring greater aeration and the absorption of
blows.

The VFR2000, certificated according
to the EN 443 norms, conforms
to safety requirements greater
than those required by low.

The protection is assured
thanks to the materials
employed of high quality (Kevlar
for the outer shell, EPS for the internal shell, ABS
for half-shell) and by constructive solutions which
represent a very technology evolution.

The transparent visor is certificated according to the
EN 166 norms.

The reflecting screen guarantees the protection of the
user’s eyes and face from radiant heat.

SICOR SpA
20016 Pero Ml - Italy
Via Pisacane, 23/A
Tel. +39 02 3539041
Fax +39 02 3539060

E-Mail info@sicor-sureco.it
www.sicor-sureco.it

Mean features:

• Outer shell made in composite materials/Kevlar

• Internal shell consist in two pieces, made in EPS

• Rapid size adjustment system from 52 to 64

• Rapid hooking-unhooking system and swift adjustment
•Transparent visor with reflecting screen made of fireproof

polycarbonate

• Extractable chin-strap

Trend-setting in safety

and fire protection glass

All Gl|iss partition for frameless fire
protection glazing!

see CONTRAFLAM® STRUCTURE is

a new glass product otrajup
the ideal solution for riif&ing frameless fire regi^H^|l||Ki^
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The panes consist of two or more sheets of temperejfl
monolithic safety glass and intumescent interlayers,
which develop their insulating properties in ca^^^ 3 p|
sgg CONTRAFLAM® STRUCTURE simplifies the installation and
reduces the risk for breakage due to the tempered glass
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rrfTTrh

SAINT-GOBAIN

VETROTECH SAINT-GOBAIN
INTERNATIONAL AG

Stauffacherstrasse 128

CH-3000 Bern 22

Tel. +41 31 336 81 81

Fax +41 31 336 81 19

infoVSGI.vetrotech@saint-gobain.com

www.vetrotech.com

COATINGS

Eradicating the
Myths about
water Based
intumescents

By John
Swindlehurst

International Sales
Director, Cafco
International

Thin-film solvent based intumescent coatings have been used for the passive fire
protection of structural steel since the 1970's and many millions of square
meters of steel have been protected in this way. In contrast, water based
intumescent coatings, first developed in the late 1980s and introduced
commercially in the 1990s, have experienced a rapid growth in use around the
world and thus, are now displacing solvent based products on many projects.

T his is not surprising, since there are a number
of major benefits that apply to all water
based products and some that are unique to
individual products. It is, however, important to
note that while water based products tend to get
labelled as one generic group, many different
formulations exist. Each product must, therefore,
be considered separately in terms of its technical
ability.

Unfortunately in some areas, particularly Asia
and the Middle East, a number of myths and
rumours have circulated regarding water based
intumescents. Many have come about through
general ignorance and misinformation, sometimes

promoted by the manufacturers of solvent based
products. Such myths include poor resistance to
humidity, slow drying, a lack of film build and
reduced long term durability.

The fact is, that thousands of tons of steel have
been successfully fire protected with water based
intumescents during the past 10-15 years and
many contractors, engineers, architects and build-
ing owners have realised the benefits of using
these products.

Early water based formulations were generally
restricted to 1 hour fire ratings and this limited
their use. Where they were suitable, however, they
provided a fast and cost-effective method of fire

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

COATINGS

protection. Many steel sections required less than
0.5 mm dry film thickness and this could be
applied in a single spray application. This enabled
the applicator to complete the work in a very short
period, thus reducing the overall construction
program.

In the late 1990s water based technology
improved and products became available that
were able to achieve 2 hour fire ratings and even
some, limited, 3 hour options.

Safer to use

Clearly two of the main benefits of water based
products are safety during application and the fact
that they are more environmentally friendly. Water
based products contain no hydrocarbon solvents
and can therefore be used safely alongside other
trades and workmen. There is no possibility of

solvent build up in confined spaces, no require-
ment for special flammable storage areas, which is
especially important at the present time.

Faster drying times

In high ambient temperatures experienced in Asia
and the Middle East, water based products will dry
much faster than solvent based products. They dry
by rapid evaporation of water from within the
total coating layer and therefore achieve 'through
drying' much faster without the formation of a
surface skin.

Solvent based products, on the other hand,
tend to surface-dry very quickly. Unfortunately,
this process forms a hard surface skin which
then slows down the escape of solvent from the
rest of the coating layer. This causes the coating
to remain soft for a much longer period, thus

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ERADICATING THE MYTHS ABOUT WATER BASED INTUMESCENTS

COATINGS

increasing the risk of incidental damage, as well as
extending the over-coating interval. The problem is
compounded as higher coating thicknesses are
applied.

Higher build capability

It is also possible to apply water based intumes-
cents at high film thicknesses in one application.
Because they do not skin over when drying, the
high wet film thickness does not impede the
through drying of the film. Since much higher
thicknesses can be applied for each coat, the over-
all number of coats can be reduced, thus saving
construction time.

Reduced overcoating intervals

As water based intumescents dry faster, over-
coating times can be reduced both for second coats
and for the final top-coating. This is particularly
beneficial when multi coat systems are specified.
As the water based coating through-dries much
faster, there is much less chance of trapping any
water in the film after the topcoat is applied.

It is a common problem with solvent based
intumescents that, if top-coated before all the
solvent has been released from the film, bubbling
and blistering can occur later as the solvent tries to
evaporate through the topcoat.

Resistance to humidity

Despite rumours to the contrary, water based
intumescents, can withstand high humidity levels
during application. Obviously, direct rain or water
immersion during application or drying will affect
the coating, but the solvent based intumescents
are affected in the same way if they are not fully
dry. Water based intumescents already contain
water and as such, they are more compatible with
humidity in the atmosphere.

Water based intumescents will also tolerate a

small amount of moisture on the substrate as this
is absorbed into the coating and then evaporates
during the normal drying process. With solvent
based intumescents it is essential that they are
applied to a dry substrate during application. If
any moisture is present on the steel, it will form an
incompatible layer between the substrate and the
coating leading to loss of adhesion.

Good weathei^ability

Once applied and top-coated with an approved
finish, water based intumescents are able to
provide good long term durability.

Although generally intended for interior use,
water based intumescents have to be capable of
withstanding all the environmental conditions
encountered during the construction phase of a
project. Experience has shown that products can
be applied at an early stage of construction, with-
out affecting the long term durability of the
coating system. This practical experience is backed
up by laboratory testing to international standards
in both the USA and Singapore.

In Singapore, the BS 8202 test program
includes exposure to a number of different envi-
ronments and conditions including humidity,
washing, sulphur dioxide, heat and natural expo-
sure. After exposure to the above conditions, each
section is fire tested to ensure it can still provide
the expected performance.

It can be seen from the above that water based
products can offer a number of tangible benefits
over solvent based products, especially in hot
climates. As with any specialist material, however,
it is important that the products are applied in
accordance with the specifications and application
instructions provided by the manufacturer. Experi-
enced and recognised applicators should always
be used as they have the knowledge and tech nical
ability to ensure a successful project. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

COATINGS

In the late 1990s water based technology
improved and products became available that
were able to achieve 2 hour fire ratings and even
some, limited, 3 hour options.

Safer to use

solvent build up in confined spaces, no require-
ment for special flammable storage areas, which is
especially important at the present time.

Faster drying times

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ERADICATING THE MYTHS ABOUT WATER BASED INTUMESCENTS

COATINGS

increasing the risk of incidental damage, as well as
extending the over-coating interval. The problem is
compounded as higher coating thicknesses are
applied.

Higher build capability

Reduced overcoating intervals

Resistance to humidity

Water based intumescents will also tolerate a

Good weathei^ability

Once applied and top-coated with an approved
finish, water based intumescents are able to
provide good long term durability.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Thame Park Road
Thame
Oxfordshire
0X9 3RT. UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1844 265003
Fax: +44 (0) 1844 265156
Email: info@kfp.co.uk.
Web: www.kfp.co.uk

MRUS

FM-200®

Argonite

3M™ Novec™ 1230
Fire Protection Fluid

Water Mist

With a bewildering array of fire
suppression products available today,
it's hard to know which one to use for
your specific application.

Kidde Fire Protection's total capability
in fire suppression offers unbiased
guidance, enabling you to select the
right fire suppression product.

For further information on how Kidde
Fire Protection can help you choose,
call us today.

3M and Novec are trademarks of 3M Company.

FM-200®is a trademark of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation.

CLEAN AGENTS

hfc Clean Agent
Fire Protection
in Health care
Facilities

By Ken V. Blanchard

Global segment
manager, DuPont Fire
Extinguishants

In hospitals, clinics, infirmaries, hospices and doctors' offices around the world,
health care administrators are responsible for protecting patients and providing a
safe environment for their recuperation. In the event of a disaster, such as a fire,
personal safety of patients and staff is at serious risk. Fire in health care facilities
also jeopardizes high-value medical equipment that is essential to patient
diagnosis and treatment.

A dditionally, longer-term continuity of care is
threatened when equipment is damaged or
data is inaccessible, resulting in potential
losses and liabilities that can extend well beyond
the occurrence of a fire. The National Fire Protec-
tion Agency (NFPA) reports that during 1999-
2002, an estimated average of 3,150 structure
fires in health care facilities, excluding nursing
homes, occurred each year. Seventy-four percent
of the fires in this group were in hospitals or
hospices, 1 suggesting that health care facilities
face a significant threat from fire and subsequent
damage.

This article will outline the key fire safety con-
cerns, such as patient safety and potential damage

to sensitive medical equipment, that are important
for health care administrators to consider when
evaluating fire extinguishing solutions. It will also
demonstrate how hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) clean
agent fire extinguishants can address those con-
cerns. Finally, it will describe how two health care
facilities are using HFC clean agent fire extinguis-
hants to protect staff, patients and the equipment
that helps provide essential medical care.

Fire Safety Challenges

Health care administrators face several unique
challenges related to protecting staff, patients and
life-saving equipment from fire. Therefore, it is
important to keep in mind a number of key issues

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

CLEAN AGENTS

when selecting the appropriate fire extinguishant.
For example, additional damage beyond heat and
smoke may result from using certain extinguis-
hants but can me minimized or avoided by using
other extinguishants.

The most critical challenge in health care facili-
ties is protecting the building occupants - staff
and patients. Many patients are non-ambulatory
and, due to specific medical conditions, may be
unable to evacuate without assistance. In other
cases, patients may require machines to assist with
their breathing or monitor their heart rates, mak-
ing them more difficult to mobilize in an emer-
gency. Further, the integrity of this life-saving
equipment cannot be compromised under any
circumstances. Health care administrators need
to give careful consideration to following best

bustion process through heat absorption and
chemical interaction, thereby extinguishing fires
quickly and mitigating potential effects of smoke
and fire. As a result, they facilitate evacuation
away from the area of the fire and lessen the
longer-term effects of business loss and downtime
in health care facilities.

Another challenge for health care administra-
tors is the need to protect sensitive and high-value
medical equipment. As stated earlier, according to
the NFPA, during 1999-2002, an estimated 3,150
structure fires in health care facilities resulted in
$21.3 million in direct property damage. 2 Much of
that cost likely stems from having to replace high-
value diagnostic technology, such as CAT and PET
scanners, X-ray machines and other specialized
equipment located in emergency rooms, magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) labs and radiology
departments.

Critical medical and patient records, which are
often stored electronically, must also be preserved
in the event of a fire. While heat and smoke are
the probable cause of most fire damage, certain
fire extinguishants can be just as destructive. For
example, water used as a fire suppressant can
cause electrical equipment to short out and rust.
Dry chemical extinguishing agents leave a fine
powdery residue that can corrode wiring, damag-
ing equipment and increasing cleanup costs.
Repairing or replacing damaged equipment is
expensive and may require significant downtime,
which is also costly. In a 500-bed hospital, techno-
logical downtime is estimated at $264 for each
minute lost. 3

Electrically non-conductive and non-corrosive
fire extinguishants, such as HFC clean agents, have
become a best practice to minimize equipment
damage in health care and other high-tech facili-
ties. HFCs also do not leave fine powder residue
behind, which helps to decrease expenses related
to post-fire cleanup. Therefore, HFCs have become
a preferred extinguishing option in hospitals and

The presence of combustible material, such as oxygen or alcohol,
in medical facilities is another key consideration when
evaluating fire extinguishing agents. These substances can add
to the fuel load of a health care facility, spreading flames or

causing explosions.

practices, versus minimum standards, to adequately
protect sensitive populations and vital equipment
in the event of a fire.

Water, the most commonly-used fire suppres-
sant, can cause a range of problems for a health
care facility. Specifically, it is electrically conductive
and has the potential to cause electrocution to
those near electrical equipment. Water damage
and the potential for mold are other undesirable
after-effects of water fire suppressants.

HFC clean agent fire extinguishants have
become a preferred method of protection in
recent years, as they are extremely effective and
safe for use in areas where people are present.
They are also non-conductive, minimizing the risk
of electric shock. HFC clean agent fire extinguis-
hants work at a molecular level to cease the com-

other health care facilities where electrical equip-
ment is present.

The presence of combustible material, such as
oxygen or alcohol, in medical facilities is another
key consideration when evaluating fire extinguish-
ing agents. These substances can add to the fuel
load of a health care facility, spreading flames or
causing explosions. As discussed above, HFC clean
agent fire extinguishants are effective because
they cease the combustion process by absorbing
heat and prompting chemical interactions at a
molecular level to extinguish fires quickly and mini-
mize potential damage.

Finally, when health care facilities are looking
for more sustainable fire protection, HFC clean
agents provide a suitable option. Unlike halons,
HFCs have zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP)

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

CLEAN AGENTS

HFC CLEAN AGENT FIRE PROTECTION IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

and are not subject to phase-out requirements dic-
tated by the Montreal Protocol. Additionally, they
can be used to replace halons in existing systems
with minimal modifications.

Protecting people and the medical equipment
that saves lives is a priority at health care facilities,
and many facility managers are increasingly relying
on HFC clean agent fire extinguishants as a best
practice in safety.

HFC Clean Agent Fire Protection in
Action

The case studies below demonstrate how HFC
clean agents are protecting two health care facili-
ties from fire.

Banner Good Samaritan Health Care
Banner Good Samaritan Health Care, based in
Phoenix, Ariz., experienced a fire in its electrical
room, which supplies all of the cooling for the
facility's campus. Since the fire occurred during
July, one of the hottest months in Arizona, a loss
of cooling capabilities could have been disastrous,
but DuPont clean agent fire extinguishants helped
to minimize the damage. Banner installed
DuPont™ FE-36™, which the fire department
used instead of water. Using water in the electrical
room would have created shorts in the wiring and
could have resulted in electrocution to people in
the area. As a result, they were able to extinguish
the fire safely and effectively. Although Banner
had to replace some equipment, their use of
DuPont™ FE-36™ saved the facility thousands of
dollars in damage.

Following the fire in the electrical room, Banner
recommended that its more than 25 hospitals and
long-term care facilities throughout Arizona switch
to DuPont™ FE-36™ as a safer fire protection
option, specifically for specialized diagnostic and
treatment areas, such as MRI labs. Strong magnet-
ic fields in MRI labs limit the type of fire protection
system that can be used. Banner selected
DuPont™ FE-36™, stored in the Ansul® Clean-
Guard® FE-36™ nonmagnetic container, to pro-
tect its patients and high-value imaging
technologies in the event of a fire. As a result,
Banner patients and visitors have peace of mind,
and staff can focus on providing the best possible
medical care.

Hammersmith Hospital

Similar to many other medical facilities around the
world, Hammersmith Hospital in London has a
busy radiology room for MRI and X-ray procedures
and a corresponding data control room with sensi-
tive electrical systems. The medical equipment
housed inside these rooms was protected with a
halon fire suppression system; however, as a result
of the mandatory halon phase-out in Europe, the
hospital's administrator needed to find an alterna-
tive fire protection solution that was just as effec-
tive as halon. This need, coupled with the
responsibility of protecting patients and expensive
medical equipment, influenced the Hammersmith
staff to install a Fike ECARO-25™ clean agent fire
protection system with DuPont™ FE-25™ clean
agent fire extinguishant.

Fike and Hammersmith's business partner,
Combined Protection Systems, were able to suc-
cessfully retrofit the hospital's radiology and data
control room with the Fike ECARO-25™ clean

agent fire protection system because DuPont™
FE-25™ clean agent fire extinguishant easily
replaces Halon 1301 in existing systems with
minimal system modifications. Consequently, the
radiation and data control room experienced
little downtime during the Fike ECARO-25™
installation, which resulted in cost savings com-
pared to other systems. These were key success
factors of the halon replacement at Hammersmith
Hospital.

Conclusion

When it comes to protecting health care facilities
from fire, there are many different extinguishing
options from which to choose. Therefore, it is
important to understand which agents will best
address the unique fire challenges that hospitals,
hospices and other medical facilities face, such as
protecting sensitive human populations and mini-
mizing damage to high-value medical equipment.
HFC clean agent fire extinguishants are an effec-
tive solution because they have low toxicity.
Because they are non-ozone depleting, they are
safer for the environment than halon products.
They also are electrically non-conductive, and they
leave no corrosive residues that may foul life-sav-
ing medical equipment. Thus, HFC clean agents
have become a preferred extinguishant option
among many health care facilities due to their abil-
ity to protect what matters most - people and
assets, as well as the environment. LU

References

1. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) U.S. Fires in
Selected Occupancies, 3/06, "Healthcare facilities,
excluding nursing homes."

2. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) U.S. Fires in
Selected Occupancies, 3/06, "Healthcare facilities,
excluding nursing homes."

3. "The Toll of Downtime: A study calculates the time
and money lost when automated systems go down,"
by Mark Anderson. April 2002.

Ken Blanchard is the global
segment manager for DuPont
Fire Extinguishants. He has
been with DuPont for more
than four years and has more
than 1 4 years of experience
in the fire protection industry.
Ken is active with Halon
Alternatives Research
Corporation (HARC), National
Fire Protection Association
(NFPA), and other
associations, and is based in
Wilmington, Delaware. He
may be contacted at
kenneth.v.blanchard@
usa.dupont.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Tel: +44 (0) 1483 769 555 www.nittan.co.uk

When Response
Time Matters

It detects infrared energy emitted in fire and sends a
signal to an automatic fire alarm system or to a fire
alarm control panel.

It is capable of providing a supervision distance of
17m ~ 30m and a supervision angle of 100 Q Max.

The 2RA-P declares a fire only if the following condition is
reached:

CO 2 Resonant Emission Signal level > Non Fire Alarm
Signal Level.

FIRE ALARMS

Evolution of
Fire Alarm
Technology:

By P. Ebersold

Honeywell Notifier

Interactive Firefighter's Display

Envision a fire department responding to a fire alarm in the middle of the night.
The facility is primarily occupied during the day, like an office building, shopping
mall or industrial plant. There is no visible smoke. This building - like many
others around the world - has no trained security force patrolling it, no bank of
CCTV monitors being carefully watched for any sign of trouble.

T hen an alarm from the fire control panel
alerts the local fire department to a potential
fire situation. This happens everyday to
firefighters around the world. When the firefighters
arrive and enter the building, they have many
crucial questions:

• Where is the emergency?

• Is it an actual fire event and if so, where did it
start?

• How long has it been burning and which way is
it spreading?

• What's the fastest way to reach people in need
of aid?

• Are there any internal structural or chemical
hazards?

Revolutionary Firefighter Tool

When firefighters arrive on the scene of a building
fire emergency, they first must gather information
to accurately assess the situation. Speed of assess-
ment is critical. The more rapidly the origin of the
fire and its progression is identified, the more
effectively resources can be deployed on the fire
scene. Increased speed and accuracy of response
result in the potential reduction in loss of property
and life.

Using a new interactive wayfinding technology,
firefighters receive answers to critical questions
quickly and reliably. This revolutionary touch-
screen PC for firefighters simplifies emergency
scene assessment by pinpointing the origin and

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIRE ALARMS

EVOLUTION OF FIRE ALARM TECHNOLOGY: INTERACTIVE FIREFIGHTER'S DISPLAY

Figure 1

ACKNOWLEDGED
FIRE ALARM

MAIN ELEVATOR
LOBBY

EAST WING
FIFTH FLOOR
Z005

SMOKE (PHOTO)
9:55: 24A

FRI SEP 06 , 2002
L01D126

migration of a fire. The display is installed in a
building lobby or main entrance to a facility. This
breakthrough technology gives first responders the
ability to access the information they need to
perform their jobs safely, effectively and efficiently.
Firefighters now have an additional tool to fight a
fire, potentially reducing property loss and improv-
ing life safety for building occupants and the
firefighters themselves.

The new interactive firefighter's display is
housed in a rugged wall mounted box to be
installed in a building's lobby or common area. The
display is powered by a 24 volt power supply with
battery backup. The box is locked during normal
conditions and unlocks automatically once the fire
alarm system is activated. The touch screen is
driven by the fire alarm system. Multiple displays
can be installed in any facility. For example, in
sprawling industrial complexes, a touch screen
display can be positioned at every major facility
entrance. The display units operate separately, so
unique information can be viewed on different
units simultaneously.

Fire Alarm System Evolution

Fire alarm life safety systems have been moving
towards more intelligence for quite some time.
The dramatic shift in demand from conventional to
addressable systems was driven by the need to
more accurately identify the origin of a fire alarm.
Addressable systems have the ability to pinpoint
the origin of an alarm, whether it is an automated
fire detection device such as a smoke or heat
detector or a manually operated device such as a
pull station. Modern addressable fire systems not
only have the ability to display a description of the
location but also the ability to crudely communi-
cate the spread of the fire. The new interactive
firefighters display is the next evolutionary step in
intelligent fire systems.

Addressable fire alarm control panels (FACPs)
were one of the first steps to assist in pinpointing
the origin of a fire. With features such as custom
labels, the FACP can display an alphanumeric
description of the location of an activated

detector(s). This custom label information is most
useful to someone who is familiar with the layout
of a building such as a facility manager or main-
tenance personnel. Since many life safety
emergencies can occur after normal working
hours, building personnel may not always be on
site to assist firefighters in locating a fire. The new
wayfinding technology gives firefighters timely
information on the origin and spread of a fire
within a structure whose layout they are not likely
to be familiar with.

Today, current fire alarm control panels (FACPs)
and annunciation technologies in commercial
buildings are a primary source of alarm informa-
tion for firefighters arriving on the scene. This is
particularly true at night when building occupants
are not there to report their observations. Current
fire alarm control panels and traditional annun-
ciators indicate only the devices that are in alarm
(see Figure 1). This sensor/detector information is
given in a rather austere form. Typically, the fire
panels presents activated smoke/heat detectors as
items in an alphanumeric list, each activated
detector described by an alphanumeric location
code, and an activation time.

In order to interpret the data the firefighter
must perform two tasks. First, they must translate
the alphanumeric location code for each detector
in the series to a location in the building. Second,
in order to understand the time sequence in which
the detectors were activated and hence, assess the
speed of fire propagation, they must read through
the times in the alphanumeric detector list and
create a mental timeline. To understand both
the speed and direction of fire propagation, the
firefighter must do both of these simultaneously.
In contrast, the firefighter display saves crucial
assessment time by providing a spatial, graphical
depiction of the location of activated detectors in
the building and a graphical visualization of the
time sequence of detector activations.

But with this new wayfinding technology,
firefighters are no longer limited to fire alarm
information only. Now they have the power to see
virtually everything within the building that can

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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wayfinding touch screen for firefighters
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With ONYX FirstVision firefighters can pinpoint
the origin and migration of a fire right from
the building's lobby.

ONYX FirstVision is the latest breakthrough
from NOTIFIER. Leaders in Life. Safety.
Technology.

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How warm air can prevent a fire.

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SECURITON

For your safety

Securiton AG, Alarm and Security Systems
www.securiton.eu, info@securiton.eu

Securiton Representative Office Malaysia
www.securiton.eu, asia@securiton.com. my

A company of the Swiss Securitas Group

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIRE ALARMS

EVOLUTION OF FIRE ALARM TECHNOLOGY: INTERACTIVE FIREFIGHTER'S DISPLAY

Facility Type

Why Use Wayfinding Technology?

Examples

Medium to Larger

Size Buildings &
Complexes

Fighting fires in larger facilities tends to be more
complicated with involved building layouts.

• large distribution centers

• assembly plants

High Value Buildings

Buildings occupied by a large number of people or
contain extremely valuable property need fire response
personnel immediately directed to the event location.

• hospitals

• museums and galleries

• high rise office or
residential properties

• sports arenas

• concert halls

High Risk Buildings

When buildings have high risk and/or hazardous
materials, wayfinding technology clearly shows the
location of these materials on the building layout. By
selecting the FlazMat icon, the first responder can learn
important details about the material and appropriate
fire suppression technique.

• petrochemical plants

• munitions manufacturing

• data storage

• archival storage facilities

• laboratory facilities
(commercial, education,
forensic)

High Visibility

Businesses that can gain increased security by
including wayfinding technology in the fire and life
safety system.

• luxury hospitality

• high rise condominiums

• shopping malls

• premium office space

help or hinder their response. In addition to these
two major features, the display also support
firefighter situation assessment by providing easy
access to graphical, spatial information on the
location of water supplies, evacuation routes,
access routes and points, fire barriers, gas, power,
and HVAC shutoffs, and chemical and structural
hazards present in the building.

When a firefighter arrives on the scene, the time
required for scene size-up must be minimized
while the amount of information gathered must
be maximized. As a result of thorough research
and extensive interviews with senior level pro-
fessional firefighters, the new interactive display
was developed to provide critical answers in 30-60
seconds. The display is so intuitive to use that no
special training is required. Firefighters can quickly
obtain crucial information about a building emer-
gency that is easy to interpret with a spatial,
graphical depiction of the location and sequence
of detector activation.

When a firefighter first approaches the display,
the default screen graphically identifies where
active detectors are located in a structure overlaid
on the building floor plan. The active detector
icons flash in sequence of activation to clearly
indicate fire origin and the direction which it is
spreading. By selecting the active detector icon,
the firefighter learns the device details and how
long it has been active. On the first screen the
responder has an overview of the entire building,
viewing crucial data such as the number and
location of all entrances and exits, offices/rooms
and wall locations. Any hazardous materials in the
facility are also immediately apparent with HazMat
icons overlaid on the floor plan.

Firefighters have a choice of which information
to access, based on what type of emergency is
occurring and what their experience tells them
they need to know quickly. The large display and
clearly labeled icons makes it easy for fire fighters

to touch the screen and gather critical event
information even while wearing thick gloves.
Each screen gives maximum information with
minimal navigation. In fact the user is never more
than one screen away from the information they
need.

And finally, all the icons used are industry
standard and instantly recognizable to virtually all
first response personnel. If the building is part of a
new development, or if the first responder is not
completely familiar with the area in which the
building is located, he or she can access a site plan
that shows the building's geographical location
and position in relation to surrounding streets,
landmarks, or other buildings. And first responders
no longer need to search for emergency contact
names or other important phone numbers. All this
information is displayed on the contact list, which
is clearly marked on the interactive touch-screen.

Applications/ Typical Installations

Because the interactive display is designed to
speed up and clarify the decision making process
for firefighters, the more complex the decision
making process, the more valuable the system.
Therefore, the system is most important to larger
buildings and larger complexes/campuses.

One of the first installations of this new
technology is in a science building of a university
in the United States. The complex layout of the
laboratory facility and the numerous hazardous
materials used and stored in the laboratories make
the interactive display valuable. Some other key
applications are outlined in Figure 2.

Conclusion

The new firefighter's interactive display takes the
information available to responding fire companies
to the next level and increases the value of the fire
alarm system in planning an attack on a fire.
Ultimately, this new wayfinding technology assists
firefighters in what they do best: evacuate the
building, locate the seat of the fire and extinguish
it to stop further property loss. EDQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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AERIAL LADDER VEHICLE ROUND UP

Bronto Sky lift Oy Ab

The official name
of the customer:
Shanghai Fire
Bureau

This is a standard type of the Bronto
F90HLA model with the rescue height of
90 meters and the max. horizontal out-
reach 29,5 meters. The max rescue cage
load is 400 kg. The unit has a corrosion
resistant integrated waterway and it's
equipped with a Rosenbauer R600 pump
and an Akron 3479 water monitor, so the
extinguishing can be performed efficiently.

BRONTO SKY LIFT'S HLA Range repre-
sents the ultimate in high rise rescue and
fire fighting capability. Superior vertical
and horizontal outreach at all heights, fast
and safe operations and the integrated
waterway are the main advantages of the
range. Built on a standard chassis it
remains compact and can reach emer-
gency sites by using ordinary roads. The
Shanghai's F 90 HLA is mounted onto
Scania P420LB chassis.

The unit was delivered to Shangahi in
November 2006. As a part of the delivery a
thorough training course was arranged.
During the training period a lot of fire offi-
cials and fire fighters from other Chinese
brigades came to look at the unit, there
was a great interest also shown from the
city of Shanghai. All people who went up
with the lift to 90 meters height were
impressed by the stable movements of the
lift, they all pointed out that they felt very
safe, and the movements were comfort-
able. Of course the high outreach of the
vehicle was very impressive, also the preci-
sion of the movements. They also reported
the vehicle very convenient and easy to use.

The F 90 HLA unit is at the moment the
highest aerial in China. Since the number
of high rise buildings all over China - not
only in Shanghai - is rising at amazing
speed, there is a great interest for high
aerials in many Chinese cities. There are
already over 100 Bronto Skylift units in
operation in China (the first being deliv-

ered already over 20 years ago) and the
number is steadily rising.

For more information, please contact:
Bronto Skylift Oy Ab, Teerivuorenkatu 28
FI-33300 Tampere, Finland
Tel: +358 3 2727216
Website: www.bronto.fi

Design and engineering
benchmarks in the
aerials field

On September 29, 2006, the Karlsruhe-
based, aerial ladder manufacturer Metz
Aerials GmbH & Co. KG presented its latest
generation of automatic, turntable lad-
ders. Following a development period of
just ten months, the new L32 made its
public debut during ROSENBAUER's 140th
anniversary celebrations.

With this vehicle generation, Metz has
taken a further step towards top technolo-
gy. The new L32 stands out due to its
futuristic design, which was created by the
Spirit Design company, and echoes that
used for the Panther ARFF vehicles.

The design concept incorporates a new
podium cover consisting of joined, extrud-
ed aluminium sections. The equipment
boxes are suspended below the podium
surface using ROSENBAUER's tried and
tested aluminium construction method.

The available space is exploited to the best
possible extent and for the first time
allows the storage of the stretcher-support
in a closed equipment compartment.

Metz's familiar, proven horizontal and
vertical outrigger system has also been
employed for the new L 32. A platform is
foreseen on the right-hand side of the
turret, which facilitates the storage of a
generator and other equipment.

The newly developed main control seat

Metz in top form - the
new L32

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AERIAL LADDER VEHICLE ROUND UP

has been designed for the operator in line
with ergonomic considerations. Its special
features consist of an extremely wide seat
bucket with a width of 500 mm, a high
protective bar and height-adjustable back
and head rests.

A swan-neck microphone with two
loudspeakers on both sides is integrated
into the backrest for communication
purposes. The back- and armrests of the
main control panel are tilted backwards by
up to 30° using an electrical drive. This
movement takes place in ratio to the angle
of the ladder and guarantees a better view
of the top of the ladder and the rescue
cage. On request, a screw-on roof with
additional sliding section can be added as
weather protection and heated back and
seat cushioning are also available.

When the vehicle is in motion, the seat
is protected against dirt by the tilting
forward of the backrest.

"Metz in top form" not applies to the
progressive design of the new L32, but
also its improved performance data. Here,
an advance has been made from the pro-
duction vehicle class to the "Formula 1 ".

The objectives of the new development
were increased speed of movement and
optimised, sensitive operational comfort
through the use of an innovative, high
performance hydraulic system. The marked
performance upgrade is demonstrated by
the movement speeds attained, whereby
an improvement of around 25% can be
assumed. This reduces the setting times of
the equipment in accordance with

EN 14043 to clearly under 70 seconds,
which represents less than half of the mini-
mum requirement of the current standard.
As a result, Metz Aerials has created a new
performance class.

As far as the controls are concerned,
Metz Aerials has again installed the
proven CAN bus system employed in all
ROSENBAUER vehicles utilising this type of
technology.

This allows the use of uniform service
tools and Group-wide online service from
all ROSENBAUER companies.

The tried and tested, multifunctional
cage concept has been retained, with its
four entries and diverse extras (e.g. a
monitor, stretcher carrying and rollgliss
self-rescue devices), as well as first class
safety features (e.g. permanent outrigger

monitoring and the latest surveillance and
lighting technologies).

As a result of its progressive design and
employment of the latest technology, with
the L32, Metz Aerials has established a
milestone in the aerials sector. The first
sales successes with Austrian voluntary fire
brigades were already achieved during the
development phase.

For more information, please contact:

Metz Aerials GmbH & Co. KG
Carl-Metz-Strasse 9
76185 Karlsruhe
Germany

Tel: +49 721 5965 0
Fax: +49 721 5965 238
Email: vertrieb@metz-online.de
Website: www.metz-online.de

Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH

Turntable ladders and Telescopic Booms from IVECO MAGIRUS - two
certain ways to successful operations

For over 140 years the name MAGIRUS
has been a world-wide synonym for fire
brigade turntable ladders of the highest
technical standard. Again and again it was
the MAGIRUS brand that astonished the
experts and brought groundbreaking
turntable ladder configurations to market,
e.g. the first ladder with low profile cab or
the first articulated ladder. MAGIRUS also
continuously set new rules in control tech-
nology and electronics.

Today MAGIRUS manufactures turntable
ladders with 18 m up to 53 m working
height which are consistently equipped
with state of the art comfort and safety
technology. Even the turntable ladder with
53 m working height, the longest model
currently supplied, is equipped with a per-
manently fitted rescue cage and elevator.

The reliability and long life of the
MAGIRUS turntable ladders is legendary -
there is a good reason why more than
6,000 turntable ladders are currently in
operation around the globe.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AERIAL LADDER VEHICLE ROUND UP

The MAGIRUS articulated ladder opens
completely new possibilities for the opera-
tional personnel: in the meantime 250 of
them have been delivered worldwide. The
advantages of the articulated arm are very
apparent, particularly in city centre areas, -
whether in an old-town or a modern city.
Protruding roofs can be avoided and
dormer windows can be reached just as log-
gias etc. Even for under-floor operation like
e.g. banks of rivers or from bridges, current
operational limits are clearly exceeded.

The latest "coup" by the development
engineers from Ulm is the telescopic ver-
sion of the articulated ladder with which a
working height of 32 m is now possible.
The articulated section is 4.7 m long; the
depth achievable below floor level is 8.2 m.

Complementing the turntable ladders,
since a few years MAGIRUS offers also tele-
scopic boom platforms. Then as now, the
idea was not just to convert a conventional
working platform to a fire-fighting vehicle;
but to offer a rescue and working unit
especially suited to the needs and opera-
tional requirements of the fire-brigades.
From the very beginning, factors like a high
safety standard, operator-friendliness and
the proved and tested quality of workman-
ship were clear requirements on the
MAGIRUS telescopic boom platforms series
ALP (Aerial Ladder Platform). At present,
vehicles are being built with working
heights from 27 m to 54 m.

The experience gained and the sugges-
tions from the meanwhile 140 satisfied
customers world wide make it clear that
MAGIRUS telescopic boom platforms are
convincing particularly in the operationally
relevant details. For this reason valuable
insights flowed into the comprehensive
new concept, which were taken up by our
design engineers and put into practice.

According to the maxim "Robust like
working equipment , safe as a rescue
device and as intelligent as a MAGIRUS
turntable ladder and reliable as the fire
brigade", the MAGIRUS telescopic boom
platform ALP 375 and ALP 325 offer a
multitude of bonus points:

• A large persons rescue and working
cage for 4 people with opening suitable
for a wheelchair, 2 multi-function
columns - usable either as mounting
point for stretcher holders, or for a posi-
tive pressure ventilator, descender rope
or illumination equipment may also be
used - as well as separate winch, moni-
tor with permanently routed water pip-
ing and power supply for illumination
and operational assignments.

• smooth, steady control of all move-
ments even at high operational speed
memory control (optional) for fully auto-
matic return to programmed positions.

• remote diagnosis system (optional).

• ergonomically-designed operating ele-
ments (suitable for use with gloves),
also on control displays on the main
control stand (turret) and in the cage.
Besides this configuration, the model

series ALP 270 with 27 metres rescue
height is available as an alternative. In
addition to the IVECO chassis, also chassis
of all main truck manufacturers can serve
as basis vehicle.

As a further supplement to the standard
series described, Magirus offers the alter-
native models ALP 340, ALP 420 and ALP
540 in the Heavy Duty range. In general
these vehicles have three- or four-axle
chassis. Also supplementary equipment e.g.
pumps and extinguishing agent tanks are
very requested options for these vehicles.

But no matter which technology you

The new Combination Aerial Rescue Pump was
tailor-made and jointly developed together with:

• Strathclyde FRS

• John Dennis Coachbuilders

• Godiva

The following report is taken from a presenta-
tion by Ian Morris , Head of Technical Support
and Logistics, Strathclyde FRS.

In 2002 I was tasked with reviewing the per-
formance of all "combination type" vehicles on
the market to understand how Strathclyde FRS
might benefit from having them in our fleet.
Unfortunately, the budget didn't stretch to Hong
Kong where I understand they have been using
Combi's very successfully for several years.

Following the review, we came to two con-
clusions: firstly, the Combi had enormous poten-
tial to increase cover, improve safety and reduce
costs and secondly, we had not seen a vehicle
that completely matched our requirements. I
was therefore tasked with developing a specifi-
cation for a Combi that did just that.

decide upon - turntable ladder, articulated
turntable ladder, or telescopic boom plat-
form: Products from IVECO MAGIRUS are
among the safest and most reliable on the
market, designed and manufactured by
experts for experts like you!

For more information, please contact:

Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH
Graf-Arco-Str. 30, D-89079 Ulm, Germany
Tel: +49 731 408 2566
Fax: +49 731 408 2410
Email: alfred.bidlingmaier@iveco.com
Website: magirus@iveco.com

After a lot of consultation and input from
over the brigade and measuring a lot of our sta-
tions, we developed the spec, (below).

Operational/Turnout facts

• The CARP will be the 1st pump and crewed
by 6 at all times.

• It will run all over the city if no other aerials
are available.

Vehicle

Required

Actual

Maximum length

9.5m

Maximum height

3.7m

3.67m

Maximum weight

26 tonnes

22.5 tonnes

Must carry all the equipment (475 items) we
currently carry on our rescue pumps, so min.
stowage volume

8.8m 3 -<

9.3m 3

Booms

Minimum working height

26m

28.5m

Minimum outreach

14m

16.5m

Minimum cage load

270kg

280kg

Pump Operation

Aerial monitor

Achieved

Three low pressure outlets

Achieved

Two hose reels

Achieved

1,500 Ipm at 6.5 bar for three deliveries

Achieved

2,400 Ipm at 1 4 bar - monitor and

Achieved

3,000 Ipm at 7 bar and

Achieved

1 25 Ipm at 25 bar for each hose reel

Achieved

vema Lift Oy - Finland

Combination Aerial Rescue Pump (CARP)

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AERIAL LADDER VEHICLE ROUND UP

• A rescue pump replaces it when it is off the
run.

• It is exempt from stop duties i.e. we keep it
working all the time.

• The PDA's will not be changed to accommo-
date the use of CARP's.

• It will carry the same amount of water as
our rescue pumps but will not carry bulk
foam.

Our statistics show that we have made more
platform rescues using the CARP's in the first
twelve months than we have using all of our
other platforms combined over the last five
years.

This is obviously due to the CARP being on
site first and the QIC having the option to
deploy the platform. We have encouraged them
to look to deploy the platform rather than
ladders wherever possible. As you all know, we
are not exempt from the new Working at Height
legislation and these vehicles clearly make it
safer for our staff to work at height. We
have already ordered four more CARP Mark 3's
from John Dennis Coachbuilders. These incor-
porate improvements that we have developed
through use in the field and feed back from the

users which will help improve the vehicles even
further. We are also in discussion with John
Dennis Coachbuilders and VEMA about the
Mark 4.

Following the success of VEMA 282 ARP,
new models VEMA 242 ARP and VEMA 192
ARP are to be released to the market shortly.

For more information, please contact:

Verna Lift Oy

Voivalante 30

Fin-20780 Kaarina, Finland

Tel: +358 10 6161 500

Fax: +358 10 6161 501

Website: www.vema.fi

morita Super Gyro Ladder MLK4-30

MORITA MLK4-30 Turn table Ladder Truck
has been developed with advanced tech-
nology and new design concept. The con-
cept of this model is Compact, Speedy and
Maneuverability. Its high operation speed
with a heavy duty basket of 360 kgs load-
ing capacity can realize evacuation of mul-
tiple victims in a short time.

It shows maximum power and perfor-
mance in the cities with a lot of the nar-
row streets in Asian countries.

FEATURES

• Heavy duty basket is an essential fea-
ture for continuous evacuation. The
front step can be used easily and safely

to access to and from a building.

• Gyro Turntable system has full automatic
stabilizing.

• High speed extension mechanism
allows the rescue basket to extend up
to 30m high within 20 seconds.

• Operation at ladder depression up to
-17° can be performed. This is useful
for the rescue activities in a river or
wharf accident.

• Operation pedestal adopts sophisticated
ergonomic design.

• Compact size makes driving easier in
urban area.

OPTIONS

• Removable stretcher can be attached to
basket.

• Trouble shooting system transfers data
through PC.

• PTO driven high performance mid-
mounted pump can be installed in
lockable storage compartment.

• Detachable Water Turret in basket.

• Teaching memory system allows to be
repeated-operation easily.

For more information, please contact:

Morita Corporation

3-25-31 Nishishinbashi

Minato-Ku

Tokyo 105-0003

Japan

Tel: +81 3 5777 5078
Fax: +81 3 3435 7386
Website: www.morita119.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Step Up to Electronic
Remote-Controlled Monitors

Protect Your Facility, Product and People.

Designed for use by petrochemical refineries, transporters and processors,
these fully-customizable, advanced electronic systems are safer
and more reliable than manual monitors.

and for after-sales support through our world-

Wl m

Elkhart Brass: V

Bringing you innovative systems
to meet your individual needs -
on schedule and on budget.

To upgrade to our electronic remote-
controlled monitor systems, call us at
1-574-295-8330 or 1-800-346-0250.
www.elkhartbrass.com

Elkhart Brass

Fire Fighting Equipment

The Most Experienced Manufacturer of Fire Fighting Equipment

Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., Inc. I 1-574-295-8330 I 1-800-346-0250 I www.elkhartbrass.com

NOZZLES

Quick Fire
Knockdown in
the Modern Fire
Environment:

Overpowering BTU's with Big Flows

By Chris Martin

Our communities are changing, they are growing, being redeveloped ... at a
rapid pace. It seems as if everywhere you look, new construction is all around us.

Regional Export Sales
Manager, Elkhart Brass
Mfg. Co., Inc.

Firefighter/Engineer,
Clay Fire Territory,
Indiana, USA

A s new construction flourishes, we as
firefighters must make it our responsibility to
look at the way this changes things for us,
and also maybe reexamine the way we do things.
From preplanning to inspections, to emergency
medical services and what we pride ourselves on
best... fire attack. Fire Attack in this modern fire
environment poses new challenges to us. Fires are
burning hotter and faster, leaving us to often play
catch up upon the arrival of the first crews. It is
imperative to deploy the right size hoseline for the
job, in the right location. More lives are probably
saved by properly placed lines than any other
means for us, as firefighters on the fireground. It is
a fact that once the fire goes out, a lot of our

problems are solved, and things are going to get
better. Fire advancement is obviously stopped,
exposures are no longer at risk, and we can more
safely do our jobs. In this modern fire environ-
ment, the quick attack, or "blitz" attack is gaining
more and more popularity. The advancement of a
fire can be stopped by the use of a high flow
handline, or particularly, a portable monitor applied
for mere seconds. Once the fire is "darkened"
down, handlines can be advanced to fully extin-
guish the fire. The use of these easily deployable,
high flow devices, such as lightweight portable
monitors is one fire attack method that we will
look at as we face this modern fire environment.

Similar to any good competitor, we must know

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NOZZLES

our opponent. In particular we are going to focus
on "new" construction styles facing our communi-
ties. Not too long ago, our buildings were built of
unreinforced masonry, and heavy timber construc-
tion. There was no such thing as a "lightweight"
roof truss style construction, and synthetics were
never even considered. Today, however, "light-
weight" roof truss style construction is standard,
metal studs are now being used instead of wood
studs, and synthetics and plastics are preferred. As
firefighters, this means to us a much greater
danger on the fireground. Fires are burning much
hotter, and because of this, flashover and rapid
fire growth should be at the front of our minds
every time we arrive. We all know from "Firefigher
101" that we use water because of its excellent
ability to absorb heat (BTU's). Well, as fires are
burning hotter, we are naturally going to need
more water to overcome these BTU's. The follow-

ing indicates what we are up against:

• 1 lbs. (0.46 kgs.) of paper when burned

generates roughly 2,800 BTU's of heat

• 1 lbs. (0.46 kgs.) of wood when burned

generates roughly 8,000 BTU's of heat

• 1 lbs. (0.46 kgs.) of Polymer Plastic when

burned generates roughly 22,000 BTU's of heat
From 30 years ago to today, our building materi-
als are now primarily synthetic and plastics. These
materials burn almost 3 times hotter than materials
in fires we were used to, leading to rapid flame
spread and a high heat release rate as these higher
fuel loads are consumed. In addition, plastic when
burned, produces 300 times more smoke per
pound (0.46 kgs.) compared with wood. Take these
numbers and consider that buildings are now
equipped with better insulation, limited ventilation,
and design features such as Thermo Pane windows;
fighting fires becomes increasingly more dangerous
than we may have every been used to.

As firefighters now thrown into this modern fire
environment, we may need to look at the way we
are fighting fires. Is a 95gpm (3601pm) combina-
tion fog nozzle really the right tool we need to
knock down a fire in a new construction style
building? As our buildings are changing so do our
tactics. One such tactic is to stop the advancement
of the fire rapidly through a quick, or "blitz"
attack. We just reviewed that in new building con-
struction, fire is going to advance hotter and
faster, one way to stop this is to apply a large
amount of water immediately to knock down the
visible fire. Remember... when the fire goes out ,
everything gets better. The quicker we do this, the
quicker things are going to get better.

One way to achieve this quick knock down,
fast, effectively, and with limited manpower is
with a lightweight portable monitor. There are
several models on the market, each with its own
features and benefits; however the concept is
fairly simple. A lightweight portable monitor is a
portable monitor weighing less that 20 lbs
(9 kgs.), with the ability to deliver around 500 gpm
(1892 Ipm) from one 2.5" (64mm) or 3.0" (76mm)
hoseline. Often pre-connected, one firefighter can

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NOZZLES

QUICK FIRE KNOCKDOWN IN THE MODERN FIRE ENVIRONMENT

easily deploy this monitor and have the ability to
put a lot of water on the fire... fast! This attack
must be coordinated with other crews on the fire-
ground, when executed properly, a large amount
of the fire will be knocked down, and things will
begin to get better. Keep in mind, depending on
the size and involvement of the fire, this quick
attack will only last about 15 to 30 seconds; basi-
cally until the visible fire is "darkened down".

Once this occurs, it is then up to the crew to
make entry to locate, confine, and extinguish the
rest of fire. With the quick attack tactic, one is
merely putting a temporary pause on the fire. It is
still up to an aggressive crew to get inside and put
the rest of the fire completely out. This task, how-
ever, will be significantly easier and safer as the
bulk of the fire has been extinguished.

Once the quick attack has taken place, another
great benefit of the lightweight portable monitor,
is that it can now be used as a manifold to
advance handlines from. Typically the more
popular models all have a built in shutoff on the
monitor. This now allows the firefighter to shut
the monitor off, and attach a gated wye or
reducer, and advance a handline directly from the
monitor. This is an ideal setup for limited manpow-
er crews, as a separate hose bundle can be kept,
and used for this purpose. A "break apart" style
nozzle combination is ideal to use in these hose
packs. A "break apart" style nozzle refers to a
nozzle combination consisting of a separate shut-
off and nozzle tip. This way as the hoseline is
advanced from the lightweight portable monitor, if
additional hose is needed, the shutoff can be
closed, the nozzle tip removed, and an additional
hose bundle can be attached to the shutoff. This
can then allow for quick advancement of additional
hose, without having to shut down the entire
operation.

Utilitizing a gated wye essentially is now what
makes this lightweight portable monitor a mani-
fold, and an additional hose line can be attached
by an additional crew. Keep in mind that certain
brands come equipped with a safety shutoff off in
which the monitor will shutoff when moved slightly.

This feature can pose a problem when the monitor
is being used as a manifold, as it could accidentally
shutoff if moved while advancing hose. It may be
necessary to secure it in the open position, with a
piece of rope or webbing, to ensure that your
water supply is not compromised.

If used properly the lightweight portable
monitor can be used as an effective and safer
tactic as we now face the new enemy ... the
modern fire environment. If there is no threat to
the occupants, why compromise the lives of the
firefighters? With a quick attack, we minimize a
lot of dangers that new style building construction
poses. One way to achieve this is a rapid knock-
down with a lightweight portable monitor, and
then a much safer aggressive interior attack using
the monitor as your water supply. This is just one
more tactic for us to add to our playbook, and one
that can help to make sure that everyone goes
home. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Fire fighting helmets
and thermal imaging

LIMITED

Introducing
the brand new

Our cutting-edge technology brings you the
smallest fire fighting thermal imaging camera

Half the size of the original
SoloVision and the lightest
fire fighting TIC in the world

The SOLOvision S2 can be used as a hands-free unit or it can be hung
over the neck like a pair of binoculars using the neck strap. It is the
lightest and smallest thermal imaging camera in the World. It is suitable
for use with all known breathing apparatus and gas masks. As an all
round camera with the capability to monitor for fire / search and rescue
of victims, there is no better camera for the job.

3600AS sensor giving
sharper, cleaner image
perception than
competitors

Spot temperature
Choice of colour palettes
Picture storage

please call our Sales for details

Optional end user
telemetry available
please call OUR Sales for details

Fire watch / suppression

Search and rescue

Industrial disasters

Weighs approx 650g

Water proof IP67

Vibration proof

Withstand a flashover
of over 1 000°C for
10 seconds

Identify objects through
darkness, fog, smoke
and blinding light

^ •

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Our lightest and
smallest, long
wavelength infrared
camera core

don’t go it alone

go with solo

Agencies worldwide. For full details or to arrange a demonstration with a GB Solo
representative contact - GB Solo Ltd. Tel: +44 (0)1609 881855

• Fax: + 44 (0J1609 881103 • email: sales@gbsolo.co.uk • www.gbsolo.co.uk

Virtual Training:

The Realistic Option for Training of
Countries

By Jack Klusters

Imagine!

A train station in the town centre, the train is standing still and one of the
wagons is leaking. What kind of liquid is leaking out of the wagon is not clear.
Passengers at the station are in panic. You can hear the sirens from the
firefighters coming to the accident.

Artesis Fire Fighting
Group

T here has been a car accident on the highway.
Three passenger cars, two big trucks and a
mini van. The van is on his side. There are
bystanders screaming for help. There are multiple
injured victims and there is a car on fire. There are
several people who are trying to help but the fire
is holding them back.

There is black smoke coming out of the window
from a house in the middle of the street. A fire is
burning in the kitchen. It is night, very dark and it
is raining hard. It's not clear if the family is still in
the house. Neighbors are standing on the street
and trying to get into the house but there is to
much smoke and it is to hot. On the same
moment the window is breaking, the firefighters
arrive on the scene.

What do you do! How do you prepare and
most importantly, how do you train for these
scenarios or any other - as this specific scenario's
or a million others can happen.

Fortunately the victims are not real, the fire is
not hot and the smoke is not toxic. These three
accidents are just a small example of what is possi-
ble with the Artesis Virtual Training Program.

Especially in the Asian pacific region training is a
hot topic seen that the development of the emer-
gency organizations are growing rapidly. This
growth raises the question countries are trained
adequately to deal with the available equipment,
and with all possible emergency scenario's that
may arise. Not all countries in the Asia Pacific
region are, but how do you train the large amount
of people to a specific level and keep cost within
proportion. With the development of virtual train-
ing programs there may be a opportunity to deal
with this.

Virtual training programs offer advantages that
can change the way fireman are trained and
prepared for scenarios and the proper use of
equipment. Virtual training can be a big step
forward and offer countries and organizations, but
the programs that where around so far had
limitations making it use limited. With the new
developments and new technologies, is virtual
training ready for large deployment and what
advantages and changes will it offer? This article
describes the development and what you need to
know about this revolution in training.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VIRTUAL TRAINING

What is Virtual Training?

Training is a essential part to be adequately
prepare for incidents with which emergency
personnel will be confronted. A fire department
team consists of several people with everyone a
different function. So to make a team function
together properly, all team members need to be
trained separately, and as a group. Every team
member needs to know how equipment work and
be able to perform his individual part. All with the
objective that ones a incident occurs the team is a
well organized machine were everybody functions
properly and can handle any scenario ad ade-
quate. Basically it comes down to the fact that
everybody is comfortable in what he is doing and
the tools being used.

Training is the only tool that provides that
objective, but unfortunately to become comfort-
able to handle equipment and all the different
possible scenario's repetition, real live feeling and
variation is necessary. Unfortunately something
that physical training cannot offer, but virtual
training can. Virtual training is nothing more than
a digital surrounding where numerous scenarios
and procedures can be created to train a individual
or team to a adequate level. It is a digital represen-
tation of the physical one, but due to the fact it is
digital, it offers many advantages which we will
discuss in more detail.

Any training, including virtual, can be separated
in a procedure or scenario based training.

• Procedure : the correct steps in a process for
correct operation of a tool or specific operation
like extrication.

• Scenario : a real life surrounding and incident to
train a team to take correct actions during the
whole incident.

Why Virtual Training?

Virtual training offers many advantages above
other ways of training. Out of research it has been
proven that approx 30% of training can be done
virtual. Logically, this results in a huge saving in
time and money. There is little to no need to setup
trainings, which with physical training is needed.
No need to put down all the necessary equipment,
and no need to have the trainings objects in place,
just to name a few. With virtual training ones the
program is loaded it can replay itself over and over
again. The main advantage therefore is that many
people can be trained in a short period of time. A
student can go on his own place and repeat a
procedure over and over until the necessary level is
achieved.

So besides that 30% can be trained virtual, more
important is that physical training is done, it is
much more effective, as the class or student is to a
higher level and has the basic understanding. The
main believe why virtual training can become a suc-
cess is that training should start at the base (see a
procedure), where you grown your knowledge over
time. This base can be trained virtual! It is further-
more also a fact that lessons learned in a virtual
training is better retained then theoretical lessons.

Besides the possible tremendous savings that
can be achieved, virtual training also offers the
possibility to train and exam people to a safe level
or standard. Also in there own level from assistant
to commander.

Working of a Virtual Training System

Like mentioned before the working virtual training
program is based on procedures and scenarios.
Procedures for learning the correct predefined
steps and scenario's for making correct choices in

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VIRTUAL TRAINING: THE REALISTIC OPTION FOR TRAINING OF COUNTRIES

VIRTUAL TRAINING

a real life surrounding. This
approach is based on the
Dutch guidelines of training.

A proven method which the
Dutch fire services use reach-
es its high required level and
maintains it. It is a collection
of individual as well as group
training, both on fireman and
commander level.

Procedure Training

To teach the rescue workers
and to let them practice the
use of for example hydraulic
rescue equipment, there is a
possibility to use this virtual
system. With this system, the
men learn how to use the
tools, which preparation the tools need, how to
connect them properly and how to use them on a
wreckage. The big advantage of this way of work-
ing is that the procedure can be repeated till the
rescue workers can work with it without making
any mistakes. The Virtual System helps the rescue
workers to be ready for work with real incidents.
The rescue workers can practice there skills on
realistic designed cars.

To safe victims from a car accident, there are
some standard procedures. For example, how to
take a door out or do a dash roll. These pro-
cedures are applicable for all car accidents. With
the Virtual training these procedures can be
practiced without the use of several car wrecks.

These procedures come out of the guidelines
and are build in cooperation with leading manufac-
tures. Students therefore truly use the equipment
that looks the same as they would in real live.

Scenario Training

In the virtual training world there are several dif-
ferent scenes to make, so the men will have a new
challenge every time they use the virtual training
system. Men can build specific scenario's with
existing buildings, so you can practice specific
needs without having to go to the building itself.
The virtual practice can be done in different levels.
The experience most people who has worked with
this training have is that the training is lifelike and
they have the same tension as when they practice
outside.

Training Commander

To train the commander and to practice, the
whole team has to be on the scene, without the
opportunity to train the team.

This is not efficient or instructive for the team.
With the use of the Artesis Virtual training system,
the commander has the ability to practice his skills
in a realistic environment without the rest of the
team has to be present. The commander can prac-
tice on every suitable moment and can be done as
many times he needs the practice.

The way the system is built it gives the com-
mander the feeling that he is actually at the scene.

Possibilities with Artesis Virtual -
scenarios and procedure practices

Artesis Virtual is the leading manufacturer when it
comes to virtual training programs. In the last
years they have developed a new system that uses

cutting edge technology. Let's take a look how it
works.

How does the system work?

The Artesis Virtual Computer system is a stand
alone system and can be placed on every location.
There has been a virtual world created in the
system where there can be different scenario's
build in and which can be used for training in
groups or alone. Procedure training a student can
so by themselves.

The system exists from a computer and two
screens. One screen is for the instructor and the
other screen is for the student. The instructor has
a keyboard and a mouse to operate the system.
The instructor can design the scene and follow the
student on every move.

The student has his own screen. Every order he
gives his team, the instructor has to make this
changes in the scene. The operation of the system
is very simple.

Design your own scenarios

The system gives you the possibility to create your
own scenario's. You can make virtual fire's on the
places you want them. You can create car crashes
on very different ways. You can put tank and
freight cars on every location you want or cars can
be places on his side. Every existing vehicle and
rescue device is available to use on the screen.

instructor's screen

The instructor can see on his own screen which
actions his student is making and can help if the
situation needs it.

The scenario can be adjusted during the
training to make the scenes more difficult or even
easier for the student. During the training all the
details will be saved so it all can be discussed and
evaluated after the training and it can be
compared with previous scenarios.

The system is now used for the emergency
services in The Netherlands is in Dutch language
and typical Dutch buildings and airports are used
for this. It is very easy to adjust this to any country
in the world with its own language, buildings and
airports.

The system can be used mono or multi
disciplinary.

The instructors for this system will receive
enough training to design the scenes and to help
the students through the training. EJ33

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

1. Handle design gives balance in every position 2. 360° Turning tail hoses are positioned on a angle to reduce 3. Thumb and twist control together with narrow handle diameter,
and the ability to change positions fast weight influence and not interfere with operation asymmetrical shape and grip insert give full control

RESQTEC Zumro Asia Sdn Bhd Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park, E asia@resqtec.com T + 603 5621 5298

Lot 5, Jin Delima 1/1, 40 000 Shah Alam, Malaysia W www.resqtec.com F + 603 5621 2895

FIRE

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors

T. +44 (0) 845 402 4242
F. +44 (0) 845 402 4201
E. sales@ffeuk.com
W. www.ffeuk.com

Low cost protection of large areas Very low maintenance
Quick and Easy Installation Over 600,000 installations
Variety of models for all applications

Hertfordshire
SG4 0TJ
England

9 Hunting Gate
Hitchin

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LARGE-DIAMETER HOSE

Large-diameter
Hose Solutions for
Emergency Water
Management

By Mike Willson

Product Manager,
Angus Fire

The ability to deliver water supplies where and when they are needed, in
sufficient quantities and at the right pressures is today a major operational issue
for municipal, industrial and aviation fire and rescue services worldwide.

M aking the most of limited water supplies in
rural locations is often difficult for munici-
pal fire services because of the pressure
loss problems encountered with standard fire
hose. New ICAO regulations mean that airport fire
services need to make provision for additional
water supplies for use in fire fighting following an
aircraft accident. Industrial fire services are also
finding that ordinary fire hose is insufficient for
feeding the latest large-capacity foam/water
monitors for storage tank fire fighting.

Relay pumping outdated

Traditional solutions have centred around using
existing hydrant ring main systems, bulk water stor-
age tanks and relay pumping. Unfortunately these
all have fundamental limitations. Hydrant ring
mains are often old, poorly maintained and can be
ruptured in an explosion. Bulk water storage
tankers offer limited volumes of water and require
good road access. Relay pumping can take up valu-
able resources in terms of manpower and vehicles
and is only as reliable as its weakest link. In
addition, relay pumping often generates the safety
hazard of the "spaghetti effect" on the fire ground
due to the many hoses needed to supply large
volumes of water at sufficient pressure. This is
because the pressure loss down a fire hose increases
rapidly when the flow is taken above the normal
acceptable limits for a standard diameter. For
example, flowing 800 litres/minute of water down a
64 mm hose will produce a pressure drop of 5.6 bar
over 200 metres. Imagine trying to move 20,000
litres/minute of water 1000 metres down 64 mm
hoses. It is a logistical nightmare! Fortunately, the
spaghetti effect can now be a thing of the past with
modern Large-Diameter Hose (LDH), sometimes
called Hi-Volume systems or Hi-Vol for short.

LDH is the answer

The good news is that by increasing the hose
diameter, the pressure loss can be greatly reduced.
A 1 % increase in hose diameter results in a
massive 5% drop in pressure loss. In practical
terms, this means, for example, that a 125 mm
diameter LDH can move the same amount of
water, the same distance, with the same pressure
loss as eight parallel 64 mm lines!

In order to exploit the pressure improvement

benefits of increasing the hose diameter, hose
manufacturers offer a range of LDH 4 inch (102
mm), 5 inch (125 mm) and 6 inch (152 mm)
diameter hoses, as well as extra Large Diameter
Hoses (XLDH) in 8 to 12 inch (200 to 305 mm)
diameters. These products solve the pressure loss
problems at a stroke, but they need to be handled
properly.

Nylon construction

LDH hose is no different to other layflat hoses in
that they are available in a range of qualities from
several manufacturers. However, the larger the
diameter the more critical the hose construction
becomes as there are larger volumes, weights and
pressures on the fabric of the hose.

LDH should be made from
specially formulated rubber
blends designed to resist
abrasion, heat, chemicals and
oil during operational use; and
UV, ozone and weathering
during storage.

Polyester yarns are sometimes used, but these
are more likely to result in kinking as they do not
stretch under pressure. They are also unable to
maximise the pressure savings down long lengths
of LDH as they cannot swell. Swell is a special
characteristic only found in Duraline type hoses
with an all nylon jacket. Nylon is special in that it
can be stretched slightly in use without breaking.
This allows the best LDHs to minimise kinking,
even at low operating pressures and also achieve
swell, which allows the hose to stretch slightly and
pass more water with lower pressure losses than
polyester yarn hoses.

LDH should be made from specially formulated
rubber blends designed to resist abrasion, heat,
chemicals and oil during operational use; and UV,
ozone and weathering during storage. This special
rubber is extruded through the nylon textile jacket

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LARGE-DIAMETER HOSE

Pic courtesy of Angus
Fire

to make a very durable long-lasting LDH. Such
hoses are generally used with Storz couplings,
now the established standard coupling for LDH.

Manual handling superseded

In many cases LDH has been handled manually,
but with current Manual Handling Regulations in
Europe long lengths can put fire fighters at risk of
injury due to the heavy weights involved. New
cost-effective deployment and retrieval solutions
are now available that take the physical effort out

of LDH to reach less acces-
sible areas and feed opera-
tional personnel with reliable
water flow and pressure
requirements.

Planning hose configura-
tions is carried out using a
HoseCalc software program.
Simply enter a hose configu-
ration and HoseCalc carries
out the pressure loss calcu-
lations to give an outlet
pressure.

To store, deploy and
retrieve over 1 km of 1 50 mm
hose sounds like a major sys-
tem design exercise, but with
these reliable modern deploy-
ment and retrieval systems it
is quick and easy to complete
the task. There are now suffi-
cient sites around the world
protected with LDH that the
groundbreaking engineering
work needed to produce a
total solution to overcome
the difficulties has been
achieved and FETCH is largely
responsible for this significant
advance. Anything up to
about 4 km of LDH is normally
stored flaked in a truck or
demountable storage pod
system. Most pod systems
have a central walkway for
ease of access. The hose is
layed out at high speed
simply by opening the rear
doors of the pods, pulling out
the first hose coupling manu-
ally, and then driving the
vehicle forward. The hose cascades down on to
the ground and is fully deployed in a matter of
minutes.

After an incident the FETCH automatic recovery
system enables the hose to be picked up from the
ground while the vehicle is driven slowly forward
alongside it. It brings the Hi-Vol back into the
storage pods with the minimum of physical effort,
avoiding fatigue and injuries during emergencies
and training exercises. For the first time swift
deployment and rapid retrieval are achieved with

After an incident the fetch automatic recovery system enables the
hose to be picked up from the ground while the vehicle is driven
slowly forward alongside it. It brings the Hi-Vol back into the
storage pods with the minimum of physical effort, avoiding fatigue
and injuries during emergencies and training exercises.

of using LDH, with a resulting dramatic increase in
its popularity and usage. Leading municipal,
industrial and aviation fire and rescue services now
use LDH as a standard tool in their armoury. It can
be deployed quickly at an incident and quickly
retrieved using Fast Efficient Techniques for
Collecting Hi-Vol (FETCH) hose systems. Fire fighters
can now easily lay out a temporary ring main

the minimum of effort. Off-road versions are also
available.

Custom engineered

FETCH systems are supplied as assembled skids
enabling fire services to custom engineer them
into their own vehicle preferences and budgets.
Vehicle layouts may be sub-contracted to a third

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LARGE-DIAMETER HOSE SOLUTIONS FOR EMERGENCY WATER MANAGEMENT

LARGE-DIAMETER HOSE

party, built on a modified chassis by fire services
engineers or designed and built by a vehicle
manufacturer.

FETCH enables fire and rescue services to
operate well within the Manual Handling Regu-
lations. Gone are the days when fire crews would
be expected to lift coils of hose that can weigh
more than 50 kg each. With FETCH it can be done
much more quickly and with less manpower.

Mounted on the front offside corner of the
WSU, the compact FETCH system comprises a
simple but cleverly designed twin-roller friction
system. One of the large-diameter rollers is
rubber-coated and the other drives a high grip
conveyor belt. Drive to the rollers is provided by a
geared chain, which in turn is driven by a diesel-
driven hydraulic power unit fitted to the vehicle
chassis.

Most fire and rescue services
want a simple design with as
little as possible that can go
wrong in an emergency.

The unit allows couplings to pass through it
without the need for any complicated electronic
sensors. Most fire and rescue services want a
simple design with as little as possible that can go
wrong in an emergency, and if anything does go
wrong they want to be able to repair it quickly in
the field. FETCH has achieved this by leaving
unnecessary complications out of the design that
would only have made the unit less reliable and
affordable.

A vehicle fitted with FETCH is capable of
recovering 1 km of hose in about half an hour
with minimal manpower. Water drains from the
hose enabling it to be stored flat in the containers.
It can also feature a special electric start diesel
power pack fitted with engine over-speed
shutdown system and spark arrestor exhaust
that allows a vehicle to be operated in hazardous
areas.

Quality LDH essential

These water management solutions are designed
for emergencies, which it is hoped will never
happen. This means the hose is likely to spend the
majority of its life in storage, probably in a flaked
condition. This puts the hose under a great deal of
stress, particularly along the fold. Therefore, in
exactly the same way as it is critical to choose a
well designed and manufactured fire hose for
first-attack fire fighting, LDH and XLDH products
must be chosen with care. For LDH hose BS6391
Type 3 is the international standard to choose for
your assessment criteria. Buying the cheapest hose
on the market can mean that three years down
the track, when maybe it is first used in an emer-
gency, it could let you down badly and potentially
put fire fighters' lives at risk. By seeking out a
manufacturer with a proven track-record of sup-
plying LDH that exceeds the requirements of
BS6391 Type 3, has technical expertise in XLDH
products, and makes its own deployment and
retrieval systems, you are far more likely to achieve
a reliable long term solution to your water supply
problems.

Conclusions

Today's fire fighters need optimum flexibility. They
can be called upon to assist in many kinds of emer-
gency, including flood control and disaster relief
including earthquake situations where all the estab-
lished water ring main systems are broken and
disrupted. Even under such demanding conditions
fire fighters have a responsibility to be able not only
to maintain an adequate water supply, but also to
deliver ever increasing quantities of water to deal
with the more complex hazards we see in the
modern world. The flexibility and efficiency that
modern LDH solutions now offer means that there
is a flexible mobile solution available to help fire
fighters to meet these tough challenges, and help
them to maintain and optimise supplies of water
in the widest range of emergency scenarios. EEQ

Mike Willson is Product
Manager at Angus Fire
responsible for the global
marketing of Hi-Vol Large
Diameter Hose (LDH) and
associated FETCH deployment
and retrieval systems. Angus
Fire is part of UTC Fire &
Security, a United Technologies
Corp. (NYSE:UTX) business
unit, which provides fire safety
and security solutions to more
than one million customers
around the world. UTC Fire &
Security is headquartered in
Connecticut, USA.

Products according to NFPA 1936 and EN 1320

Multi-pmpose Stabilization

www.lancier-hydraulik.com

LANCIER Hydraulik GmbH & Co. KG
von-Siemens-Str. 1 , 48346 Ostbevern
Germany, Phone +49 (0) 2532 957080

Rescue Tools

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

COMMAND AND CONTROL

New Thinking and Cu
in Emergency Comm

A large format touch
screen inside the
command unit is linked
to sector commander
tablet PCs throughout
the fire ground.
Command headquarters
and other interested
parties can also share
the common operational
picture from remote
locations.

By Stephen
Prendergast

New technologies are being combined to provide fire commanders with a whole
new approach to incident command and control.

VectorCommand

C urrent demands on fire, rescue and other
emergency services have never been greater.
In addition to having to prepare to respond
to conventional fires, floods and other natural
disasters, emergency services also need to plan,
train and exercise their responses to a wide variety
of terrorist threats. But whether a major emer-
gency is fire related, a natural disaster or a terrorist
incident, many aspects of emergency command
management remain the same. Commanders need
to know where incidents are occurring, where
there assets are deployed (and how long their
assets have been deployed), and they need to be
able to communicate their command decisions
clearly and quickly to all command levels, some-
times over large distances.

Conventional command and control systems
used by emergency services have traditionally
drawn on dispatch system technology (sometimes
combined with GIS mapping of varying degrees of
sophistication). Command and control systems have
usually adopted a top-down approach to command
rather than a shared, integrated, common opera-
tional picture approach. While these systems have
served their purpose for many years, they do not
provide on-the-ground commanders, along with
their headquarters and operational command
officers, with the best array of command and
control information displayed as clearly as possible
by making the optimum use of modern communi-
cations, database and display technologies.

Large touch screens, networked, ruggedised
tablet PCs, high bandwidth communications
frequencies and systems, 'middleware' (for access-
ing data stored in multiple proprietary databases)
and open software standards such as XML and
GML, mean the traditional view of command and

control and other IT systems as separate
'stovepipes' is now completely obsolete. Most
critically, continuing with such a 'stovepipe'
approach prevents emergency commanders at all
levels within emergency organisations from
efficiently receiving and distributing, up-to-the
minute incident data (asset and risk database
information, live video feeds and organizational
asset data) that could have a major impact on the
effectiveness of an emergency response.

In the past technological limitations have meant
that it has been difficult to share a common
operational picture across a fire ground or other
emergency area. In the case of wildfires in
Australia, for example, a fireground can be up to
100 miles long and 20 miles wide, and in the case
of other natural disasters, such as a tsunami, a
disaster area can be even larger. Managing assets
and communicating command decisions across
such large areas, or smaller areas where there are
complex events and issues to be managed,
requires a more sophisticated approach than can
be supplied by conventional command and control
systems (which may sometimes only be a white
board with pens), and even those which incor-
porate Geographic Information System mapping
only may not be up to the challenge.

This has been the thinking underpinning the
development of a new approach to command and
control that looks at the whole process of
emergency incident management in a more
distributed (i.e. less hierarchical) and technological,
way. It is an approach which has been designed
to use to the full the various open standards and
new communications technologies and devices
now available, as well as sophisticated systems
developed to manage assets and imagery. Both

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

COMMAND AND CONTROL

rrent Developments
and and Control

the Australian and British fire services, working
in conjunction with leading British technology
company VectorCommand, have contributed
to the development of this new approach to
command and control (now known as 'command
support').

The resulting Command Support System takes
emergency command and control to a whole new
level. Now commanders can draw on a com-
prehensive range of information sources - database
information, streamed video imagery, templated or
ad hoc organisational asset information, GIS
mapping and electronic whiteboard sketch maps
(known as 'mudmaps') - to create a clear, accurate
picture of an incident, and then share that
information as a common operational picture on a
dynamic, single screen image throughout the
incident command structure, as well as back to a
fire service headquarters and to other interested
multi-agency organisations.

The technology is being developed for use in
sophisticated mobile command vehicles but is
equally useful and deployable throughout fixed
command headquarters and other locations, a
critical point when emergency responses to major
incidents are being monitored by centralized,
multi-agency political and command organisa-
tions. With Hurricane Katrina and other major
incidents in mind, any future systems also have to
be capable of withstanding major catastrophic
threats, with multiple redundancy built in, to
ensure systems continue to operate when main-
stream communications systems have failed.

The company developing the Command
Support System is UK-based VectorCommand,
which provides a range of sophisticated, virtual
reality-based training, exercising and operational
command products for helping emergency services

around the world prepare and improve their staff
expertise and operational command systems. Most
UK, Australian and New Zealand fire services, as
well as other organizations such as Qatar Petrole-
um and the Swedish National Rescue Services
Agency, use the company's Emergency Command
System range of products.

According to Dr Mike Griffin, technical director
of VectorCommand: 'With the development of the
Command Support System, the company is taking
emergency command and control to a whole new
level. We are doing this by exploiting to the full
the huge potential of the latest command, control,
communications and display technologies.

'Our technical and training teams have also
done a great deal of work with our clients over
many years, trying to understand the practical
issues that they have to deal with on a day-to-day
basis. One of the critical issues that they face is the
question of asset management - what assets are
available, where they are deployed, how long they
have been deployed and when do they need to be
replaced or relieved. The company has developed
sophisticated systems for providing this infor-
mation in easily displayed and managed digital
formats, and it is this technology, combined with a
number of our other proprietary technologies, that
is allowing us to provide such a sophisticated
solution in the Command Support System.

'Command and control can then be combined
with operational and tactical training and exercising
within an integrated system to provide a com-
prehensive solution for preparing fire and rescue
service responses to a wide variety of threats. In
our view, this is the future for emerg ency
command, communications and control.' EHQ

www.emergencycommandsystem.com

Command Support
System provides
commanders with the
facility to combine
organizational assets ;

GIS maps , streamed
imagery and electronic
whiteboard in one
unified screen to create
the most
comprehensive ,
commonly shared
picture o f an emergency
incident.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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^Technologies

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By Gerd Pearson

Global Market Manager
for Fire Brigades,
Draeger Safety

Air Monitoring
as Part of
Preparedness

Firefighters throughout the world know that the quicker they can assess what it
is they are dealing with, the quicker they can start work. Smoke and flames are
relatively easy to see, unlike the invisible dangers that often accompany toxic or
flammable gases. A source of ignition at the wrong time, or entry into a
potentially lethal atmosphere could turn an incident into a full blown disaster.

E ven if every firefighter were to don compressed
air breathing apparatus for every single inci-
dent, the need for gas detection systems
would still exist. Gases, particularly those from
chemical and industrial plants, can have far reach-
ing effects, from the poisoning of nearby personnel
through to widespread environmental pollution.
They can also have explosive consequences. The
use of the right gas detection system will quickly
determine the type and level of risk and allow the
firefighter to do what they do best - resolve the
situation with the utmost safety for all concerned.

The nature of the incident can sometimes point
to the type of hazard that may be found and
might provide a useful insight into which type of
gas detection system may be required. An earth-
quake or other natural disaster, for example, might
involve town gas, methane, hydrogen sulphide,
sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide or, perhaps, a
lack of oxygen altogether. A terrorist incident
might feature nuclear, biological or chemical
hazards, whilst a wide variety of gases and
vapours can be found at different industrial sites.

For instance, in the brewing industry where
increased levels of nitrogen are now being used to
make a more effervescent beer, there is a danger of
oxygen depletion and, as a result, asphyxiation.
Colourless, inert and odourless, liquid nitrogen is
also used as a freezing agent in hospitals, labor-
atories and universities. A firefighter entering a
confined space or enclosed area in the danger zone
could find him or herself with a severe case of
oxygen deprivation.

In steelworks, a volatile mix of oxygen and
carbon monoxide can create serious blast levels
and even the semiconductor industry has it's own
potential toxicity problems with the use of ammo-
nia, arsine and bromine. A "shout" at a food
processing plant could involve high levels of disin-
fectants or, in refrigeration and cold storage areas,
unhealthy levels of ammonia. To compound the
problem, it is also possible that toxic and/or
flammable gases and vapours that were created
during previous work might still be present, or that
hazardous bi-products may be created by the fire
itself from otherwise non-hazardous materials.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AIR MONITORING

Whilst not exhaustive, the following lists some
of the most common substances that may be
encountered:

combustion of polyurethane foams, for instance,
include giddiness and headaches before eventual
collapse. Exposure to a high concentration of

SOURCE

SUBSTANCE

Combustion processes such as open fire,
tobacco smoke. Vehicle exhaust gas

C0 2 , CO, Nox

Cleaning agents, disinfectants, furniture polish, stain
removers, shoe polish spray, nail polish remover,
correction liquids, pickling agents.

Toluene and aromatics, hexane and aliphatic
hydrocarbons, formaldehyde and other aldehydes,
acetone

Glues and paints

Toluene and aromatics, hexane and aliphatic
hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, other aldehydes

Insulating material, foams, damping material,
chipboards

Styrene, formaldehyde

Gasoline stations

Toluene, benzene and other aromatics, hexane and
other aliphatic hydrocarbons

Refrigerants, anti-oxidant in metal furnaces

Ammonia

Food processing, magnesium foundries

Sulphur dioxide

Semi-conductor manufacture & rework

Ammonia, bromine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen
cyanide

Paper and man-made fibres

Chlorine

Decomposing biological matter

Methane, H 2 S, oxygen deficiency

Hazards and effects

Many gases and vapours are toxic, can cause
oxygen deficiency or carry the risk of explosion
and, as a result can prove to be lethal.

In respiratory terms, different hazards have
different effects and are classified as follows:

Simple Asphyxiants

Inhalation of substances in this category is not
usually life-threatening but the presence of a
simple asphyxiant can displace oxygen in the air to
such an extent that the lack of oxygen can, in
itself, be dangerous. Carbon dioxide is a typical
example and whilst exposure to low levels can lead
to breathlessness, high concentrations can cause
loss of consciousness within just 60 seconds.

Chemical Asphyxiants

Unlike other asphyxiants, these can be immediately
dangerous to life and health in that they interfere
with the transportation of oxygen within the body.
Symptoms following exposure to carbon monoxide
and hydrogen sulphide, which is produced by the

hydrogen sulphide will cause an immediate para-
lytic effect on the respiratory system.

Irritants

Ulceration of the throat, watering eyes, sneezing
and coughing are just some of the immediate
symptoms that can follow exposure to irritants
such as ammonia, chlorine and sulphur dioxide.
Where escape is difficult, breathing can become
severely restricted and exposure could prove fatal.

Narcotics

Hallucinations can follow exposure to high
concentrations of toluene and other narcotic
substances such as tetrachloroethylene.

Combination hazards exist in many situations
and, as well as being potentially explosive or
flammable in nature can make search and rescue
operations very difficult indeed.

Different types of systems

The incident and location will automatically reveal
a certain amount of information about the types of
hazards that are most likely to be
found. However, firefighters entering
a potentially hazardous environment
need to know exactly which gases
are involved there and then, not just
for their own safety but for the well
being of those they may need to
rescue.

Designed to detect airborne sub-
stances and to sound a warning if
the levels pose a threat to health,
portable gas detection instruments
can be used to determine if an area
is safe to enter, whether it remains
safe during rescue or recovery and,
after clean-up, can ensure that
decontamination has been com-
plete. Whether the hazard is toxic,
explosive, combustible, asphyxiating

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AIR MONITORING AS PART OF PREPAREDNESS

AIR MONITORING

or a combination of any of those, there is an
instrument to suit every situation.

Tubes

Short term tubes provide on-the-spot measurements
of targeted gases and are suitable for monitoring
personal exposure, spot check measurements, leak
checks and confined space investigation. Developed
by Draeger in 1937, for example, DraegerTubes lead
the way in tube technology and enable the fast,
accurate measurement of over 1000 substances,
including chemical warfare agents.

These highly accurate glass tubes can also be
used in conjunction with short term pumps to
enable rapid measurements to be taken and pro-
vide optimum volume and flow specifications.
Incorporating automatic stroke counters and a
clear end of stroke indicator, pumps require no
special tools and give accurate and reproducible
results.

the sensors are plugged into the instrument and
has a short response time.

Each of these multi-functional instruments can
also be fitted with a hose or pump for active
sampling in hard to reach areas. Where record
keeping is a requirement, they can also be
supplied with dataloggers.

Domestic preparedness has come to the fore in
recent years, as the dangers of chemical and
biological agents have become more of a concern.
Providing continuous measurement in real-time,
the Draeger Multi-IMS, for example, is easy to use
and will quickly detect a wide range of chemical
warfare agents. Utilising the latest state-of-the-art
handheld detection and monitoring technology, it
incorporates a sensor based on Open Loop Ion
Mobility Spectrometry and uses an ION Mobility
Cell to provide improved sensitivity and selectivity.
Concentration, trend and relative dosage
measurements are easily taken and a range of

Personal Single Gas Monitors

These handheld instruments can monitor a broad
range of gases and can be supplied with
interchangeable sensors to detect specific sub-
stances. Portable instruments of this kind obviously
need to be lightweight, easy to read and easy to
use, even when wearing gloves and the alarms
should be heard, seen or felt in the most arduous
of conditions.

Multi-Gas Measurements

These high performance instruments can be used
to measure a wide variety of gases in virtually any
situation, from indoor air quality through to
confined space entry and the monitoring of landfill
gas. The more modern units can provide continu-
ous detection of up to five gases simultaneously
and feature individually adjustable visual and
acoustic alarms.

As each sensor is pre-calibrated and is
recognised automatically by the instrument, this
innovative instrument can be reconfigured simply
by changing a sensor and without requiring addi-
tional service or maintenance. In addition, the
measuring range of these sensors can be changed
to any other gas detected by that sensor, by the
push of a button and without needing recali-
bration. As a result, the accuracy and range of the
monitored substance is substantially increased. The
search for leaks in flanges, shut off devices and
valves, etc., has also been simplified by the addi-
tion of a new, flexible gooseneck probe. When in
tracking mode, it generates an increasing or
decreasing rate of beeps in accordance with the
gas concentration detected.

Other specially designed "two-in one"
instruments are also available for use where
combination hazards involving explosive gases and
a lack or surplus of oxygen may exist. For maxi-
mum flexibility, the Draeger PacEx2, for instance,
can be supplied in two versions: as an instrument
for explosive gas measurement, or as a "plug and
play", combination instrument for explosive gas
and oxygen measurement. Combining extended
operational time with minimal training and charg-
ing requirements, it features "smart" technology
and is designed to monitor hazard concentrations
continuously, simultaneously and independently.

Utilising three functional pushbutton controls,
this rugged instrument is operational as soon as

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AIR MONITORING

AIR MONITORING AS PART OF PREPAREDNESS

Further information is
available from:

Danielle Smith
Draeger Safety UK Limited
Ullswater Close, Blyth
Riverside Business Park,
Blyth, Northumberland
NE24 4RG
Tel: 01 670 352891
Fax: 01670 356266

graphical alarms indicate both the substance and
concentration level as well as the hazard type, i.e.
nerve, blister or blood/choking agent. Bar graph
displays clearly show the current concentration lev-
els as well as alarm volume and battery status.
With a built-in pump and RS232 datalogging
interface, it also features audible and visual alarms
and an automatic self-check.

Photo ionisation detectors (PID) are perfect for
tracing volatile organic substances in air. Able to
detect whole groups of substances, these multi-
functional, robust instruments can also be calibrat-
ed to monitor individual hazards. Especially useful
in confined space measurements and emissions
monitoring, they can also assist in fire investigation
and in post-accident screening.

Fixed Gas Detection Systems

Designed to constantly monitor and detect explo-
sive or toxic gases and vapours as well as oxygen
deficiency and/or enrichment, these sophisticated
systems can be used to sound alarms and initiate
evacuation, or to switch off entire processes in the
event of a problem. Used to monitor remote areas
and/or multiple sites, their data is recorded which
means that they can provide valuable incident
information before fighters even arrive at the
scene.

Providing round the clock protection for,
amongst others, the petrochem, food processing
and chemical industries, they are also widely used in
large commercial sites and sports or leisure venues.

Firefighters have a need for rapid and accurate
information about the nature of the incident.
Once armed with the facts, they can respond to
the numerous challenges that arise both quickly
and competently. Fulfilling a vital role, gas
detection systems can be used to eliminate the
risks and increase awareness of the dangers.

Useful information for firefighters -
sensor positioning

It makes sense that sensors and sampling points are
positioned so that gas accumulations are detected
before they create a significant hazard. To ensure

maximum performance, different sensor positioning
strategies can be implemented to suit different
workplace environments. Whilst these can, of
course, be combined or modified, they are generally
used to provide spot, area or perimeter monitoring.

Spot monitoring is used where the potential
source of the leak is known and the sensors can
be positioned to ensure that leaks are detected
quickly. Area monitoring requires an increased
number of sensors to cover an entire area and is
generally used where the source of the leak is not
known. Perimeter monitoring is used in applica-
tions where the outer limits of the installation
need to be checked and where it is important that
potential hazardous gases do not reach neigh-
bouring areas.

European Standard BSEN 50073:2000 lists a
number of factors that should be taken into
account when determining suitable locations. These
include the location, i.e. indoor or outdoor site,
potential sources such as the location and nature of
the potential vapour/gas sources (pressure volume
and/or mass, source temperature, density and
distances), as well as the chemical and physical data
of the potential gases/vapours present.

Other factors include leak control, the nature
and concentrations of possible gas releases, the
presence of cavities and jets and the general
topography of the site. Air movements should also
be taken into consideration as well as temperature
effects, the local environment of the plant, the
location and number of personnel in the plant and
the location of potential sources of ignition. Any
structural arrangements such as walls, troughs or
partitions, which could allow gas to accumulate,
should also be considered.

Perhaps most importantly, the Standard also
states that the placement of the sensors and
sampling points should be determined following the
advice of experts having specialist knowledge of gas
dispersion, experts with a knowledge of the process
plant system and equipment involved, and safety
and engineering personnel. It also advises that the
agreement reached on the locations of sensors and
sampling points should be recorded. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Foam fire fighting systems -
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When quick reactions under extreme stress are

Typical high risk applications

• Petro-chemical - Oil terminal;

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• Marine - Tankers; Machinery spaces;
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Skum brings over 70 years of invaluable expertise to
fire fighting. Backed by a programme of continuous
research and development, Skum has an enviable
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In short, Skum has it covered.

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CABLES

Fire Performance
Cables

- assessing the standards
internationally

By David Oldfield

Product Development
Manager, Draka UK

The development of cables with improved fire performance has been ongoing for
over 20 years and continues apace today on a global basis, along with the
evaluation of product standards and performance standards. These moves have
resulted in considerable improvements in fire safety, particularly in environments
where public safety is concerned, such as public assembly, in the mass transit
sector, maritime applications and throughout the offshore industry. David
Oldfield, Product Development Manager at Draka UK explains that changes in
cable fire performance requirements are being introduced into the Middle East
sector and most notably in the adoption of products meeting the requirements of
B.S. 5839-1 :2002 rather than reliance on earlier standards e.g. B.S.6387 CWZ.

T he development of reduced fire hazard cables
has eliminated the problems associated with
the combustion of halogenated polymeric
materials that were used in the manufacture of
many earlier generation products. Zero Halogen
Low Smoke - OHLS - cables are now freely avail-
able, in a variety of wiring and power designs, to
suit all building applications and their performance
is recognised internationally as making a major
contribution to fire safety in public buildings.

In Europe, the UK led the way in the adoption
of reduced fire hazard cabling, and in devising a
comprehensive set of cable performance testing

standards. These standards include requirements
for smoke production, acidity evaluation, flame
retardancy and, in appropriate cases, for assessing
the circuit integrity of cable. One very recent
milestone was the decision of the EC Standing
Committee on Construction to establish a classi-
fication table for cables in buildings, under the
provision of the Construction Products Directive.
This table defines classes of cable fire performance
in terms of flammability, smoke production,
flaming particles and acidity.

A new fire test protocol has been prepared as
part of EN50399-2007; Common Test Methods for

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

CABLES

Cables under Fire Conditions. This assesses per-
formance against the classification table and is
based on a modification to the IEC 60332: Test on
Electric and Optical Fibre Cables under Fire
Conditions, test for the vertical propagation of
flame. The test measures fire growth rate, total
heat release and peak heat release, in addition to
other criteria such as flame spread, which is the
main concern of the existing IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission) test. This new test
enables more definitive comparisons to be made
between cable types. However, the extent to
which the provisions of EN50399-2007 are
embodied in regulation remains to be defined.

The importance of circuit integrity

As the latest revision of UK legislation relating to
the fire performance of fire alarm cables has now
been around for a few years, the majority of
specifiers and installers are familiar with its main
requirements. However, the availability on the
market of an increasing number of cables, coupled
with a growing international awareness for the
need to adopt what might be described as "best
practices" means that it is high time for a number
of important issues to be finally resolved.

So, what needs to be addressed? Certainly it is
essential to move quickly to a point where specifiers
and installers can confidently rely on manufacturers'
cable ratings; cable fixing needs to be consistently
undertaken to a higher standard; manufacturers'

recommendations regarding the bending of cables
must be adhered to, and cable jointing needs to be
undertaken to a standard that does not potentially
impair the installations' integrity.

But first, before turning to these issues, let us
take a brief look at some of the latest fire perfor-
mance cabling solutions that have come onto the
market in the past few years.

New fire performance cable solutions

In the UK, for example, fire performance cables
now fall into two categories, defined as Standard
and Enhanced. These performance levels are
determined by testing procedures described in BS
EN 50200: 2000 (Method of Test for Resistance to
Fire of Unprotected Small Cables for use in Emer-
gency Circuits) and BS8434: 2003 (Methods of
Test for Assessment of the Fire Integrity of Electric
Cables). Standard cable is acceptable for the
majority of installations, whereas Enhanced cable
is required in clearly prescribed buildings. These
are: buildings where cables are required to operate
longer due to phased evacuation; buildings over
30 metres high that are not protected by sprinklers;
buildings with critical signal paths to areas where
people may remain for some time during a fire; and
buildings where a fire risk assessment identifies the
need for enhanced performance. Indeed, demand
for this Enhanced cable is expected to grow with
the increased international trend for buildings to be
designed along fire safety engineering principles,

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

CABLES

FIRE PERFORMANCE CABLES - ASSESSING THE STANDARDS INTERNATIONALLY

rather than prescribed measures.

Fire integrity is essential for cables used in fire
detection and alarm systems, emergency lighting
and public address installations, and where
providing power to other fire safety systems. Mod-
ern systems used in buildings, where increasingly
fire engineering principles are linked to fire risk
assessments, are often complex and critical, and
the systems frequently need to function for a
considerable period of time after a fire has been
detected.

This led to the introduction of new levels of
circuit integrity in the 2002 revisions of BS 5839
(Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings),
with the rating for Standard cable being set at 30
minutes and at 120 minutes for Enhanced cable.
The test protocols differ significantly from those in
BS 6387 (Specification for Performance Require-
ments for Cables Required to Maintain Circuit
Integrity under Fire Conditions), by being
"integrated", by simultaneously applying fire,
mechanical shock and water exposure to the cable
sample.

Cable performance for critical systems

Fire performance data cables are now an emerging
reality and data transmission performance criteria
have been drafted. At the same time, changes to
alarm cable fire performance are now well estab-
lished and understood and it is widely recognised
that significant improvements in cable reliability
have been achieved. Hence, attention has recently
been focussed on the performance of cables
providing essential power supplies to other critical
fire safety systems.

Systems for smoke control and ventilation
incorporate dampers, shutters, automatic door
hold-open devices, fans and vents, all of which
require secure power supplies during the evacu-
ation and fire fighting phases. These means of
escape need to be indicated by appropriate
illumination and secure emergency lighting. Also,
firefighting facilities require secure power supplies
and fire fighting lifts and rising mains need to
function longer than most other systems.

The design and performance requirements for
fire integrity power cables in the UK market was
established in 1996 with the publication of BS
7846 (Electric Cables), and the market for this type
of cable is currently satisfied by the "F2" perfor-
mance classification. This standard has in recent
years been subjected to similar criticism to that
directed at BS 6387 regarding lack of integration
of the test elements. In addition, recommenda-
tions have also been put forward for the need for
more direct impact and higher pressure water
applications. Advocating these more stringent
requirements led to the publication of BS 7346-6
in 2005 (Components for Smoke and Heat Control
Systems - Specification for Cable Systems).

This test applies direct mechanical impact to the
cable under fire conditions and also applies water
at the end of the test period, simulating of a fire
hose. This requirement has been adopted for all
essential fire safety system applications in the UK
and will surely give rise to the introduction of new
products to comply with the exacting standards.

The need for integrated testing

There is increasing recognition of the importance
of the fire performance of the "cable system" in

providing an adequate level osf safety, and BS
5839-1 : 2002 defines this as the cable, any joints,
and the means of cable support. Hence, a key
recommendation is that the performance of all of
these "cable system" elements should mirror the
performance of the cable, and that the cable
manufacturer's recommendations should be
followed or the manufacturer's guidance should
be sought.

In Europe, tests to assess the performance of
cable systems are the exception rather than the
rule, and certainly no harmonised standard cur-
rently exists. That said, there is an SCC (Standing
Committee on Construction) Mandate Ml 17 for
the investigation of large scale testing, including
system elements, and a working party will soon be
established to conduct the investigation.

Internationally, there is presently only one
reference point for a large scale circuit integrity
test for cables and their installation ancillaries, and
this is the German standard DIN41 02-1 2 (Fire
Behaviour of Building Materials and Building
Components), a furnace test that subjects the
cable to a temperature rise with respect to time, in
accordance with the ISO Curve. Ratings are
assigned as of 30, 60 or 90 minutes. The furnace
is oil fired and simulates fire conditions similar to
those found in a fully developed building fire.
Cables are installed, together with appropriate
trays, cleats or ladders, and these are loaded to
their full rating by the application of appropriate
weights. Onerous though this large scale test is,
significantly the cables are not exposed to the
application of water to stimulate sprinklers or
firefighting activities.

It will no doubt be several years before the
results of these investigations are embodied in a
European standard, but one thing is certain - the
continuing drive to improve standards and
produce cables that continue to enhance the
safety for people and property. EEQ

David Oldfield is Product
Development Manager at
Draka UK and has been
involved in the design and
manufacture of electric
cables for the past 35 years.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Distributor and Representative Offices

ANGUS FIRE

AUSTRALIA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

BANGLADESH

PFH FIRE PROTECTION

P O Box 327, Seria 7003,

Negara Brunei Darussalam

Contact: HJH. B.A. Noraliza (General Manager)

Tel: (00 673) 3 332 519

Fax: (00 673) 3 332 519

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office, 21/F Tower 2

88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Fax: 03 9518 5577

Email: info@angusfire.com.au

Website: www.angusfire.com.au

Representative Office

HONG KONG

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO

Room A, 1 3th Floor
Go-Up Commercial Building
998, Canton Road, Mongkok, Kowloon
Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)

Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071

Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145

Email: johnny@centurionfire.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

KIDDE INDIA LIMITED

EL 205, TTC Industrial Area

Mahape

Navi Mumbai

400 710, India

Tel: +91 22 67800100

Fax: +91 22 27618444

Email: info@kiddeindia.com

Website: www.kiddeindia.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT RANTAI LAUT

Jl Kemang Raya No. 1 1
Jakarta Selatan
Contact: Jimmy Singh
Tel: (00 62) 21 717 90122
Fax: (00 62) 21 717 90607
Website: www.rantai-laut.com
Email: jimmy@rantai-laut.com
Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

OWEN LTD

2-5-20 Gokou-Nishi

Matsudo-Shi Chiba T270-2218

Contact: Mr Masao Oyake (Managing Director)

Tel: (00 81) 47 389 5510

Fax: (00 81) 47 385 1763

Email: owen@msi.biglobe.ne.jp

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

INDECO CORPORATION

814 Daewoo, The-O-Plus Building
1 142-2 Sanbondong Gunposi
Kyunggido
Korea 435-040

Contact: Thomas Park (President)

Tel: (00 82)31 390 6911/2
Fax: (00 82)31 390 6913
Email: thomas@esafety.co.kr
Mobile: (00 82) 1 1 726 2248
Dealer/Distributor

MACAU

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO

Room A, 13th Floor
Go-Up Commercial Building
998, Canton Road
Mongkok, Kowloon
Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)

Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071

Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145

Email: johnny@centurionfire.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

KINSAJASA SDN BHD

1st Floor, 2298 Pujut 5 Shoplot
98000 Miri, Sarawak
East Malaysia
Contact: Roger Ling
(Mobile: 6019 855 0360)

Tel: 6085 665802 or 660423
Fax: 6085 655803 or 655402
Email: kinsar@tm.net. my or
ksajaservice@mvjaring.net
Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road
Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road
Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682,

Braeside Vic 3195

Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171

Tel: 03 9518 5588

Fax: 03 9518 5577

Email: info@angusfire.com.au

Website: www.angusfire.com.au

Representative Office

PHILIPPINES

ALARM SYSTEMS CORP

Unit 3205, Summit-1

Office Tower

530 Shaw Road

Mandulayong City

Contact: Allen Lim

Tel: (00 632) 532 0556

Fax: (00 632) 533 6476

Email: mail@alarmsystems.com.ph

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE. LTD

438 Alexandra Road
17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point
Singapore 119958

Contact: Bob Graham (Sales Manager,

Fire Fighting Products)

Dir Tel: (00 65) 6424 7938

Mobile: (00 65) 9671 1567

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Email: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Representative Office

TAIWAN

SENSOR LTD

No. 8-1, Rueiguang Road

Neihu Chiu

Taipai

Taiwan 114
Contact: Alex Jeng
Tel: (00 886)2 8792 9881
Fax: (00 886) 2 8792 9885
Email: sensor.fire@msa.hinet.net
Website: www.sensorfire.com
Email: alex@sensorfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

AB GROUP

Contact: Phairot Bulpakdi (Managing Director)

42 Soi Ngam Duplee
Sathorn, Bangkok 10120
Tel: (00 66) 2 2871570
Fax: (00 66) 2 2871460
Dealer/Distributor

ANSUL

INCORPORATED

INDONESIA

ANSUL INCORPORATED

Bangun Tjipta Bldg
Level 3B

Ji Jend Gatot Subroto No. 54
Jakarta 10260, Indonesia
Tel: 62 21 536 77662
Fax: 62 21 536 77663

Representative Office

BAUER

COMPRESSORS

BRUNEI

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD

2 Alexandra Road

#01 -03 A Delta House

Singapore 1 59919

Singapore

Tel: +65 6271 6271

Fax: +65 6272 3345

Email: info@bauer-compressors.com.sg

Representative Office

CHINA

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN CHINA LTD

707 Block A, M.P Industrial Centre

1 8 Ka Yip Street

Chai Wan

Hong Kong S.A.R

Tel: +852 2595 1898

Fax: +852 2595 0878

Email: bkc@bauerchina.com

Representative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

INDIA

ALLIED SOLUTIONS PVT LTD

313/314, Raikar Chambers,

Govandi [East], Mumbai -400 088
Tel: 022 6797 8056/57/58
Fax: 022 2557 6234
Email: kini@alliedsolutions.com
Dealer/Distributor

MOUNT EVEREST ENGINEERING
COMPANY

A- 103 Gokul Arcade, Sahar Road
Vile Parle (East) Mumbai 400 057, India
Tel: +91 (22)8202558
Fax: +91 (22)8205792

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

MARINE & INDUSTRIAL
COMPRESSORS

304 Thomson Road, Singapore 307654
Tel: +65 6250 6018
Fax: +65 6253 8443
Email: masmarin@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

BAUER COMPRESSORS CO. LTD

10-36 Ryutsu-center, Kitakami-shi Iwate-ken

024-0014 Japan

Tel: +81 0197 68 2251

Fax: +81 0197 68 2225

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

TECKO CO. LTD.

S.K Technopark

Mega Center Room 201/202

190-1 Sangdeawong 1-Dong

Jungwon-gu, Sungnam-city, Kyungki-do, Korea

Zip 462-705

Tel: +82 2 3461 3000-3 and +82 31 776 2442
Fax: +82 2 529 4240 and +82 31 776 2444

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

SK CRYOGENICS SDN BHD

No 5, Jalan TP 7/6

Sime U.E.P Industrial Park

Section 26 40400 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Tel: +60 3 51 92 4269/70

Fax: +60 3 5192 4235

Dealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

ALPINE INDUSTRIALCON (PVT) LTD

305/2 G.T. Road
Baghbanpura, Lahore, Pakistan
Tel: +92- 42- 685 2313
Fax: +92- 42-367 4655
Email: alpinelahore@hotmail.com
Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

CEBU ERNBRI IMPORT,
INC/AQUAVENTURE WHITETIP DIVE
SUPPLY

Ermita Office:

Unit 101 Joncor II Bldg, #1362 A.Mabini Street
Ermita Manila, Philippines 1000, Philippines
Tel: +632 521-0433
Fax: +632 522-1 165

Website: www.aquaventurewhitetip.com

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE. LTD

2 Alexandra Road, #01-03A Delta House

Singapore 159919, Singapore

Tel: +65 6271 6271

Fax: +65 6272 3345

Email: info@bauer-compressors.com.sg

Representative Office

MARINE & INDUSTRIAL
COMPRESSORS

304 Thomson Road

Singapore 307654

Tel: +65 6250 6018

Fax: +65 6253 8443

Email: masmarin@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

MING SHEN ENTERPRISE CO LTD

5, PaShih 1 street
DanShui Town
Taipei

Taiwan 25170

Taiwan (Republic of China)

Tel: +886 (2) 28095789

Fax: +886 (2)28096189

Email: www.bauer-kompressoren.de/

sales/bcmail_en.php?id=233>

Website: www.3arrow.com.tw
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

INTERSOL ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD

160 Rimklongprapa Road
Bangsue Bangkok 10800
Thailand

Tel: +66 2 91 06 445

Fax: +66 2 9106 446

Email: www.bauer-kompressoren.de/

sales/bcmail_en.php?id=235>

Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

MEKONG SCUBA SUPPLY LTD.

Saigon Tower
29 Le Duan Blvd
Suite 1600
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam

Tel: +848 823 6294
Fax: +848 823 6288
Email: mikedoyle44@hotmail.com

Dealer/Distributor

BRISTOL UNIFORMS

BANGLADESH

MANIK BROTHERS

Hai Mansion (3rd Floor)

9/3 Motijheel Circular Road
Dhaka - 1000
Bangladesh

Contact: Mr A K Bhowmick
Tel: +880 2 7100 589
Fax: +880 2 7100 386
Email: manikbrs@1postbox.com

Dealer/Distributor

BRUNEI

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9
40000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia

Contact: Mr Prem R Murthy
Tel: +603 550 9060
Fax: +603 550 4486
Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com
Website: www.dasaprem.com
Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SHENZHEN RUFN INDUSTRIAL CO LTD

RM-701 7/F Leaser Tower
1st Fuhua Rd
Shenzhen, China
Contact: Amy Jin
Tel: +86 755 8399 9581
Fax: +86 755 8399 9548
Email: wj@rufn88.com
Dealer/Distributor

FIJI

PHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED

10 Akatea Road, Glendene
Auckland, New Zealand
Contact: Mr S Hampton
Tel: +649 818 8048
Fax: +649 818 4484
Email: stuart@firemaster.co.nz
Website: www.firemaster.co.nz
Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

CHUBB HONG KONG LIMITED

3 Hok Yuen Street East
Hung Horn, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: +852 2746 9628
Fax: +852 2785 0849

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTD

M-1 Green Park Extn,

New Delhi 1 10016, India

Contact: Mr Vinay Khanna

Tel: +91 11 261 969 82

Fax: +91 11 261 669 61

Email: foremost@vsnl.net

Website: www.foremostsafety.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9,

40000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Contact: Mr Prem R Murthy
Tel: +603 550 9060
Fax: +603 550 4486
Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com
Website: www.dasaprem.com
Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

PHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED

10 Akatea Road, Glendene,

Auckland, New Zealand

Contact: Mr S Hampton

Tel: +649 818 8048

Fax: +649 818 4484

Email: stuart@firemaster.co.nz

Website: www.firemaster.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LIMITED

18 Penhas Road, 208182, Singapore

Contact: Mr Don Tay

Tel: +65 62909890

Fax: +65 62961444

Email: don@fireweld.com.sg

Website: www.fireweld.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SHENG-TAI FIRE PROTECTION
INDUSTRIAL CO LTD

No 222-2 Sec2, Cheng Tai Rd
Wu-Ku Shiang, Taipei, Hsien, Taiwan
Contact: Liu Yuan Hung
Tel: +886 22292 1751
Fax: +886 22291 1984
Email: sato@mail.mold. net. tw
Website: www.shengtai.com.tw
Dealer/Distributor

BW TECHNOLOGIES

CHINA

BW TECHNOLOGIES BEIJING - SALES

Room 102, No.1 Building,

Wanliu Yishuiyuan, Wanliu Dong Road
Haidian District
Beijing 100089 PR. China
Tel/Fax: +86-10-8256-4525
Representative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

BW TECHNOLOGIES

Henry Zhang, Regional Sales Manager -

South China Region

Tel: +86-20-8759-0352

Fax: +86-20-8751-7303

Email: hZhang@bwtnet.com

Dealer/Distributor

BW TECHNOLOGIES

Kai Zhao, Regional Sales Manager -

Northeast China Region

Tel: +86-10-5857-0527

Fax: +86-10-5857-0187

Email: kZhao@bwtnet.com

Dealer/Distributor

BW TECHNOLOGIES

Victor Wong, Regional Sales Manager -
Hong Kong, China, Taiwan & Korea
Tel: +852-2974-1783
Fax: +852-2974-1704
Email: vWong@bwtnet.com
Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

BW TECHNOLOGIES HONG
KONG/TAIWAN - SALES

Flat 2, 6/F, Block C, Y.Y. Mansion
96 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong

Representative Office

LARRY LAU

Flat C, 28/F, Tower 1, Granville Garden
18 Pik Tin Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong

Dealer/Distributor

CHEMETRON

CHINA

CHUBB CHINA

1/F Guard Force Centre
3 Hok Yuen Street East, Hunghom
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: +852-23622632

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

CHUBB HONG KONG

1/F, Guard Force Centre
3 Hok Yuen Street East
Hunghom, Kowloons, Hong Kong
Tel: +852-23622632

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA
PT DRACO

P.O. Box 2, Tambun 17510 Jkt
Indonesia

Tel: +62-21-8800058

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

YU-IL

#168 Samsung-Dong

Samsung Bldg Rm 401 Gangnam-Gu

Seoul, Korea

Tel: +011-82-2-565-7121

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

PALMER ASIA INC

33 Edsa Bangkal, 1233 Metro
Manila, Philippines
Tel: +632 751 7774

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

SEALAND RESOURCES

Block 30 Kallang Place

#06-21 To 24 Kallang

Kallang Basin Industrial Est, Singapore

Tel: +65-62968180

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

CHENG AN FIREGUARD IND

9/F No. 97 Sec. 2, Nan-Kang Road, Taipei, Taiwan
Tel: +011-8862-27888349

Dealer/Distributor

DRAEGER SAFETY

CHINA

BEIJING FORTUNE DRAEGER SAFETY
EQUIPMENT CO LTD

Yu An Lu 22, B Area, Beijing Tianzhu Airport

Industrial Zone, Shunyi District, Beijing, 101300

Tel: +86 10 8049 8000

Fax: +86 1 0 8049 8005

Email: peter.wang@draeger.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT DRAEGERINDO JAYA

Jl. Benda Raya No. 54 DEF-Kemang

Jakarta Selatan 12560

Tel: +6221 788 41880

Fax: +6221 781 0230

Email: jakarta.headoffice@draeger.co.id

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

DRAEGER SAFETY JAPAN LTD

3-8-1 Tokyo, 2-chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135 0047
Tel: +81 3 44615111
Fax: +81 3 44 615100
Email: yukata.kataoka@draeger.co.jp

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA

Daejong Bid. #1 106, Korea Representative Office
Bang-l-dong, Songpa gu, Seoul, Korea
Tel: +82 2 6415 8222
Fax: +82 2 641 5 8223
Email: sdseo3@magicn.com
Representative Office

MALAYSIA

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD

14Jalan PJS 11/18, Sunway Technology Park

461 50 Petaling Jaya, Selangor

Tel: +60 3 5635 6460

Fax: +60 3 5635 4171

Email: dsa.malaysia@draeger.com

Representative Office

NEW ZEALAND

DRAEGER SAFETY PACIFIC PTE LTD

Unit O, No. 150

Harris Road, East Tamaki, Auckland
Tel: +649 273 3160
Fax: +649 273 3159
Email: geert.herder@draeger.com

Representative Office

SINGAPORE

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD

67 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-03
Singapore 139950
Contact: Justin Kung
Tel: +65 6872 9281
Fax: +65 6773 2033
Email: justin.kung@draeger.com
Website: www.draeger.com.sg
Representative Office

TAIWAN

DRAEGER SAFETY TAIWAN CO LTD

12/F, Kuohwa Building

868-5 Chungcheng Rd, Chungho City, Taipei

county 235, Taiwan

Tel: +886 (02)2223-6388

Fax: +886 (02) 2223-2258

Email: sales.taiwan@draeger.com

Representative Office

THAILAND

DRAEGER SAFETY (THAILAND) LTD

Chamnan Penjati Business Centre

Unit 65/210 25th Floor

Rama 9 Road, Huay Kwang, Bangkok 10310

Tel: +662 6438 701/2

Fax: +662 6438 700

Email: sales@draeger.co.th

Representative Office

E2V TECHNOLOGIES

INDIA

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTD

M-1, Green Park Extn, New Delhi 1 100016, India

Tel: 00 91-11-261-96982

Fax: 00 91-11-261-66961

Email: foremost@vsnl.net

Website: www.foremostsafety.com

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

CORNES DODWELL LTD (OSAKA)

13-40 Nishihonmachi 1-chome, Nishi-ku

Osaka 550-0005, Japan

Tel: + 81-6-6532-1012

Fax: + 81-6-6532-7749

Email: e-device@cornes-dodwell.co.jp

Website: www.cornes-dodwell.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

GODO ENGINEERING CO LTD

1 FL. 142-5 Yeonhee-2

Dong Soedaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 120-1 12

Tel: 822-3141-1236

Fax: 822-3141-1270

Email: info@godoeng.com

Website: www.godoeng.com

Dealer/Distributor

ELKHART BRASS

AUSTRALIA

FIRE RESPONSE PTY LTD

71 Prince William Dr, P.O. Box 668, Seven Hills

2147, Australia

Tel: +61 2 9838 9071

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT REJECKI UTAMA

Wisma Geha, 5th Floor, JL Timor 25
Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 316 2779

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

PSL PHILLIPS & SMITH LTD

P.O. Box 69-028

Glendene, Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: +64 9 8184484

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

GUARDFIRE LIMITED

42/2 Teo Hong Bangna Building, Moo 10,
Bangna-Trad Road, Bangkok 10260, Thailand
Tel: +66 2 7467031

Dealer/Distributor

FIRE FIGHTING
ENTERPRISES

AUSTRALIA

AMPAC INDUSTRIES PTY LTD

97 Walters Drive, Osbourne Park
Western Australia 6017
Tel: 00 61 892 423 333
Fax: 00 61 892 423 334

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

HONG KONG

HLK SERVICES LTD

Room 1111, Tower B, Hung Horn Commercial

Centre, 39 Ma Tau Wai Road

Hung Horn, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 23303083

Fax: 00 852 23656128

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

NITIN FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRIES

501, Delta, Technology St.

Hirananandani Gardens,

Powai, Mumbai -400 076, India
Tel: 00 91 22 25700392
Fax: 00 91 22 257011 10
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

HI MAX CO LTD

Sicox Tower 1 1 5-Ho 513-14

Sangdaewon-Dong,

Jungwon-Gu,Sungnam-City

Kyungki Do, Korea

Tel: 00 82 31 769 7698

E-Mail khkim@himax1 19.co.kr

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS ENG.SERVS SDN BHD

No.1 Block C, Jalan Dataran Sd 1 Pju 9, 52200

Bandar Sri, Damansara

Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia

Tel: 00 60 3 62767155

Fax: 00 60 3 62758712

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

AMPAC INDUSTRIES LIMITED

PO. Box 100-149
North Shore Mail Centre
Glenfield, Auckland
New Zealand
Tel: 00 64 94438072
Fax: 00 64 94438073
Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

ACCLAIM SYSTEMS PTE LTD

Blk 104 Boon Keng Road, 05-01
Singapore 339775
Tel: 00 656 2990 798
Fax: 00 656 299 3735

Dealer/Distributor

ALARM SUPPLY PTE LTD

63 Jalan Pemimpin

03-07 Pemimpin Industrial Building

Singapore 577219

Tel: 00 656 258 3445

Fax: 00 656 258 6428

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

HORING LIH IND CO LTD

4F No 18 Lane 327
Chung Shan Road
Sec 2 Chung-Ho-City
Taipei Hsien, Taiwan
Tel: 00886 2224 87599
Fax: 00886 2224 07752
Email ahtaipei@me26.hinet.net
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

F.B. (THAILAND) LTD

75 Soi Rubia
Sukhumvit 42 Road
Bangkok 10110
Thailand

Tel: 00 66 2 3902445
Fax: 00 66 2 3811197

Dealer/Distributor

TEEYA MASTER SYSTS CO LTD

100/101-102 Vongvanji, Building B, 30Th Fir,

Rama 9 Road, Huaykhwang
Bangkok 10320, Thailand
Tel: 00 662 2 6451130
Fax: 00 662 2 2488540
Dealer/Distributor

HELMET INTEGRATED
ltd SYSTEMS

AUSTRALIA

CHUBB FIRE AUSTRALIA

120 Silverwater Road, Silverwater
NSW 21 18, Australia
Tel: +61 2 8748 7440
Email: Graham_Harris@chubb.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

BRUNEI

GLAMCO AVIATION (B) SDN BHD

GPO Box 2793

Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei BS 8675
Tel: +673 2 451757
Email: shran@brunet.bn

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

WUXI FIRETRE SAFETECH

No 8, 2nd Floor, Xian Li Road
WUXI, Jiangsu Province 214021
People's Republic of China
Tel: +86 510 275 3771
Email: gao@pub.wx.jsinfo.net
Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

SAFETECH LIMITED

Block C Unit 11, 11th Floor
Wah Lock Industrial Centre
Shan Mai Street
Fo Tan Shatin, New Territories
Hong Kong
Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

VIJAY SABRE SAFETY PVT LTD

Plot 35 Chandivali Village
Off Saki Vihar Rd
Mumbai 400 072, India
Tel: +91 22 28475488
Email: vijaysabre@vsnl.net
Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT BUMI CERAH AGUNG

Komplex Karang, Anyar Permai
Jl Karang Anyar No 55 /Cl -17
Jakarta 10740, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 6246954
Email: rudybca@centrin.net. id
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

JIN-ASIA CORPORATION

889-3 Daedae-Ri, Unghon Myun

Ulzoo-Kun, Ulsan City

South Korea

Tel: +82 52 221 9871

Email: jinasia@nownuri.net

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9
4000 Shah Alam
Selangor

Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Tel: +60 (3) 551 00957

Email: dasaprem@dasaprem.com

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

CHUBB FIRE & SAFETY PRODUCTS

3 Fisher Crescent, Mt Wellington

Private Bag 9220, Auckland

New Zealand

Tel: +64 9 270 7234

Email: Daryl_Brown@chubb.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT COMPANY

24 New Industrial Rd
#02-08 Pei Fu Building
Singapore 536210
Tel: +65 6282 7722
Email: pie@pacific.net.sg
Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALES

Unit 109, Cluster 3, Makati Prime City
7708 St Paul Road San Antonio
1203 Makati City, Philippines
Tel: +632 890 8818
Email: alliance8_jcy@pacific.net.ph
Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SECOROC CORPORATION

219 Chung Cheng North Road
San Chung City, Taipei Hsien
Taiwan

Tel: +88 2 8985 3838

Email: secoroc@ms21.hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

CHASE ENTERPRISE (SIAM) CO LTD

497 Phrapinklao Road, PO Box 7-67
Bangyeekhan, Bangplad
Bangkok 10700
Thailand

Tel: +66 2 883 2880
Email: chase@loxinfo.co.th

Dealer/Distributor

KERR

AUSTRALIA

FIRE RESPONSE PTY LTD

PO Box 668

New South Wales 1730,

Seven Hills
Australia

Contact: Geoff Marchant

Tel: 0061 02 9838 9044

Fax: 0061 02 9838 9071

Email: firemail@fireresponse.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

ON MAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO

6/F Block FI

Hong Kong Industrial Building
444-452 Des Voeux Road
West Hong Kong
Contact: Micheal Lui
Tel: 00852 254 72658
Fax: 00852 254 72674
Email: miclui@ctimail3.com
Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

NITIN FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRIES
LIMITED

501, Delta, Technology Street
Hiranandani Gardens, Powai
Mumbai 400-076, India
Contact: Vijay Shelar
Tel: 0091 22 2570 0392
Fax: 0091 22 2570 1110
Email: shelarv@nitinfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9, 40 000 Shah Alam

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Contact: T.D. Murthy

Tel: 00603 5510 0957

Fax: 00603 5510 4486

Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com

Website: www.dasaprem.com

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND
PSL

PO Box 69-028, 1 0 Akatea Road

Glendene, Auckland, New Zealand

Contact: Anne Hadfield

Tel: 0064 9 818 8048

Fax: 0064 9 818 4484

Email: anne@firemaster.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

THE EAST ASIATIC (THAILAND)

PUBLIC CO LTD - EAC

1 168/98-100 Lumpini Tower
33rd Floor, Rama IV Road, Kwang Thungmahamek
Khet, Sathorn Bangkok 10120, Thailand
Contact: Patcharaporn S.

Tel: 0066 2689 5999
Fax: 0066 2689 5888
Email: patcharaporn@eac.co.th
Dealer/Distributor

KIDDE FIRE
PROTECTION

AUSTRALIA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

BRUNEI

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point, Singapore 1 1 9958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: http://www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

CHINA

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office, 21/F Tower 2
88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong
Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)
martin.dowson@kidde-china.com
Tel: 00 852 2334 2388
Fax: 00 852 2370 8381
Email: general@kidde-china.com
Representative Office

HONG KONG
KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office, 21/F Tower 2,

88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

INDIA

KIDDE INDIA LIMITED

EL 205, TTC Industrial Area

Mahape

Navi Mumbai

400 710, India

Tel: +91 22 67800100

Fax: +91 22 27618444

Email: info@kiddeindia.com

Website: www.kiddeindia.com

Representative Office

NEW ZEALAND

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road
Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

INDONESIA

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

JAPAN

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

MACAU

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office
21/F Tower 2
88 Container Port Road
Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

MALAYSIA

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

PAPUA NEW GUINEA
KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road
Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PHILIPPINES

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

SINGAPORE

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

TAIWAN

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office
21/F Tower 2
88 Container Port Road
Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

THAILAND

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

NITTAN

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

QESS FIRE AND SECURITY

Quantum Business Park
Unit 60, 7-9 Percy St.

Auburn NSW 2144, Australia
Tel: +61 2 9737 0933
Email: sales@qess.com.au
Website: www.nittan.com.au
Dealer/Distributor

NOTIFIER/INERTIA
FIRE SYSTEMS

AUSTRALIA

NOTIFIER/INERTIA FIRE SYSTEMS

Sydney, Australia
Tel: 61-2-9899-4155
Fax: 61-2-9899-4156

Additional Locations: Brisbane, Queensland
Melbourne, Victoria

Representative Office

CHINA

NOTIFIER CHINA

Shanghai, China
Tel: 86-21-5027-2119
Fax: 86-21-5027-3119

Representative Office

HONG KONG

NOTIFIER HONG KONG

Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: 852-2730-9090
Fax: 852-2736-6590

Representative Office

INDIA

NOTIFIER INDIA

Mumbai, India
Tel: 852-2730-9090
Fax: 852-2736-6590

Representative Office

Additional Locations in India: New Delhi, Chennai,
Bangalore, Calcutta, Gurgaon

SINGAPORE

NOTIFIER SINGAPORE

Tel: 65-6271-5503
Fax: 65-6271-9961

Representative Office

TAIWAN

NOTIFIER TAIWAN

Taipei, Taiwan

Tel: 886-2-2245-7248

Fax: 886-2-2245-0927

Representative Office

PPS LTD

AUSTRALIA

OPEC SYSTEMS PTY LTD

3/4 Aquatic Drive, Frenchs Forest

New South Wales 2086, Australia

Contact: Peter Murphy

Tel: +61 2 9453 9077

Fax: +61 2 9975 7808

Website: www.opecsystems.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

SAFETECH LIMITED

Block C Unit 11-12

17/F, Wah Lok Industrial Centre

Shan Mei Street, FO Tan, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong

Contact: Andy Chan

Tel: +852 2687 4038

Fax: +852 2684 2784

Website: www.safetech.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA/CHINA/SOUTH
AMERICA/UAE/OMAN/ABU DHABI/SAUDI
ARABIA/QUATAR/JORDON/IRAN/BAHRAIN

Mike Vincent, National Account Manager -
Export Sales

Protection House, Sherbourne Drive, Tilbrook,
Milton Keynes, Bucks, ENGLAND MK7 8HX
Mobile: 07833 575999

Tel: +44 (0)1908 272240 Fax: +44 (0)1908 371605
Email: sales@ppsgb.com
Website: www.ppsgb.com

Dealer/Distributor

ISRAEL

AMOS GAZIT LIMITED

5 Odem St., Petach-Tikva, P O Box 7700, ISRAEL

Contact: llan Shalev

Tel: +972 392 50013

Fax: +972 392 27766

Website: www.gazit.co.il

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN -TOKYO

CORNES & COMPANY LIMITED

F-Nissei Ebisu Building, 16-3, Higashi 3-chome,

Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-845, JAPAN

Contact: Jun Takahashi

Tel: +81-3-5774-9971

Fax: +813-5774-9980

Website: www.cornes.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN - OSAKA

CORNES & COMPANY LTD.

1- 13-40 Nishi Honmachi, Nishi-Ku,

Osaka 550-0005, JAPAN
Contact: Tomiko Nomura

Tel: +81-6-6532-1017
Fax: +81 665 327749
Website: www.cornes.co.jp
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

GODO ENGINERRING LTD.

3F, 219-2, Buam-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul,

110-817, Korea
Contact: Koan Namkung
Tel: 822-396-1522
Fax: 822-396-1524
Website: www.godoeng.com
Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

TMR ALAM SDN BHD

G-9 Impian Kota

Jalan Kampung Attap

50460 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Contact: Mazlan Omar

Tel: +60 3227 35200

Fax: +60 3227 35171

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

J S LANGEN AGENCIES LIMITED

Trading as Wholesafe

4 Whyte Street, PO Box 40

Foxton, New Zealand

Tel: +64 6 363 7311

Fax: +64 6 363 6948

Free Phone: (NZ ONLY) 0800 526 436

Email: judy@wholesafe.co.nz

Website: www.wholesafe.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

FORCE 21 EQUIPMENT PTE LIMITED

61 Kaki Buki Ave 1
Shun LI Ind Park

02- 24 S (41 7943), Singapore
Contact: Mr Daniel Cheah
Tel: 0065 6848 4424

Fax: 0065 6848 4434
Dealer/Distributor

NOAH AGENCIES 'N' MARINE
SERVICES PTE LTD

43 Kian Teck Drive, Jurong, Singapore 628856
Tel: +65 6266 0788
Fax: +65 6266 1042
Website: www.noah.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

NELVEN CO LIMITED

14F-6 No 76 Sec 1, Fu-Shing S Road, Taipei,
Taiwan

Contact: C T Cho
Tel: +886 22721 9770
Fax: +886 28773 2047
Website: www.nelven.com.tw

Dealer/Distributor

RESQTEC

AUSTRALIA

DELTA FIRE AUSTRALASIA PTY LTD

PO Box 2 149, Mansfield, Queensland

4122, Australia

Contact: Mr Bob Grieve

Tel: +617 3277 6063

Fax: +617 3277 6036

Email: bob@deltafire.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

BANGLADESH

MANIK BROTHERS

Hai Mansion (3rd Floor)

9/3 Motijheel Circular Road
Dhaka - 1000
Bangladesh

Contact: Mr A. K. Bhowmick

Tel: +880-2-71 0-0589/+880-2-7 10-0827

Fax: +880-2-710-1331

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

TUNG SHING TRADE DEVELOPMENT
CO LTD

Room 1601, Yishang Building, No. 11, Malian

Road, Guang Wai 100055 Beijing

Contact: Mr Joseph Yip/Mr Roy Tsoi

Tel: +86 10 6339 5834

Fax: +86 10 6328 8649

Email: info@tungshingfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

TUNG SHING TRADE DEVE'L CO LTD

Suit 906, 9/F, ICBC Tower,

3 Garden Road

Central Hong Kong

Contact: Mr Joseph Yip/Mr Roy Tsoi

Tel: (852) 2578 6088

Fax: (852) 2887 6993

Email: roytsoi@tungshingfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

AIR DRIVE EQUIPMENTS CO PVT LTD

Aman Chambers, 1 13, New Queens' Road

PO. Box 3695, 400 004 Mumbai

India

Contact: MrVinod Bhojania

Tel: +91 2223678689

Fax: +91 2223675229/+9 2223639163

Email: airdrive@vsnl.net

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT LAVINTA BUANA SAKTI

Komplek Rukan Puri Kencana
Block K7 No. 3e, Jakarta 11610
Indonesia

Contact: Ms G. Any Nurcahyanti, Se
Tel: +6-2215823570
Fax: +6-2215826676
Email: lavinta@cbn.net. id

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

JAPAN

Z-PRODUCE COMPANY

6-3-17, Tanimachi Chuo - Ku

542-0012 Osaka City, Japan

Contact: Mr Satoru Hayashi

Tel: +816-6-768-9700

Fax: +81 6-6-762-4837/+886-3-322-3908

Email: info@zumro-pro.com

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

DAE RYU K TECH CO

(4X4 KOREA)

#BA-1 21 2 Chung-Ang, Circulation Complex

1258 Kuro-Dong, Kuro-Gu, Seoul 152-721, Korea

Contact: Mr Sung Dong, Kim

Tel: +82-2-2625 5060

Fax: +82-2-2625 5535

Email: top@1 19rescue.com

Dealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

HASEEN HABIB CORPORATION (PVT)
LTD

27, Nicholson Rd, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Contact: Mr Ata-ur-Rahman Barry

Tel: (042) 636 7222

Fax: (042) 636 8855/(042) 637 4041

Email: barry@firechief.com. pk

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

BOSTON HOME INC SUPPLY

168, Apo St, Sta. Mesa, Heights
Quezon City, Philipines 1100
Contact: Bernard Tiongson
Tel: +632-4123726
Fax: +632-4150130
Email: boston@pldtdsl.net
Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

BOSS MOTOR CO LTD

No. 10, Alley 8, Lane 227, 4 Sec.

Chang Hsing Rd., Lu Chu Shiang
Taoyuan (338) Taiwan. R.O.C.

Contact: Mr F. T. Chen

Tel: +886-3-3118199

Fax: +886-3-322-3908

Email: boss.motor@msa.hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

ROYAL EN-TECH CO LTD

88, Phichai Road Dusit, Bangkok 10300
Contact: Mr Somphop Kongdej-Adisak/Mr Phichit
Thinsantisuk

Tel: +662-6691 1 91 -3/+662-243621 5-7
Fax: +662-241 1 839/+662-24301 05
Email: royalent@ksc.th.com

Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

HIEPHOA EQUIPMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND TRADING CO LTD

1 1 , Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da Dist.,

Hanoi, Vietnam

Contact: Ms Minh Phuong/Mr Trung

Tel: +84 4 7731961

Fax: +84 4 773 1 962/+84 4 7734553

Email: minhphuong0603@gmail.com/

hiephoa@hn.vnn.vn

Dealer/Distributor

SAGE

TECHNOLOGIES

JAPAN

COMTEC COMPANY

Tokyo 202-0023
Japan

Tel: +81 4 22 72 1199

Dealer/Distributor

SECURITON AG

AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIAN FIRE ENTERPRISES (AFE)

PO Box 7027, Mannering Park,

NSW 2259, Australia
Contact: Mr Mike Donegan
Tel: 61 2 43 592 244
Fax: 61 2 43 593 301
Email: aidrs@ozemail.com.au
Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SECURITON AG, ALARM AND
SECURITY SYSTEMS

Alpenstrasse 20
CH-3052 Zollikofen/Berne
Contact: Claudia Flueckiger
Tel: +41 31 910 13 21
Fax: +41 31 910 16 16
Email: claudia. flueckiger@securiton.ch
Website: www.securiton.ch
Representative Office

SHANGHAI ZHENYE INDUSTRY CO. LTD

No, 3 221 Cao Bao L
Shanghai 200233

Contact: Mr Jack Shen, Mr Lin Tang
Tel: +86 21 6451 2922/2933
Fax: +86 21 6451 9955
Email: syl 1 99@1 63.com
Website: www.shzhenye.com
Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

YIU WAH (KOGARAH) CO LTD

Room 901, 9th Floor
No 1 1 3 Argyle Street,

Mongkok, Kowloon
Hong Kong

Contact: Mr Raymond Ng
Tel: +852 2781 1384
Fax: +852 2782 6652
Email: ywk@ywk.com. hk
Website: www.ywk.com.hk
Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

VIMAL FIRE CONTROLS PVT LTD

19/20 Vardhaman Service Industrial Estate,

L.B.S. Marg, IN-400083 Vikhroii (West)

Mumbai, India
Contact: Mr Vijay Doshi
Tel: +91 22 2578 3335
Fax: +91 22 2578 3338
Email: vijay@vimalfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

ROYAL INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
CORPORATION

Royal Building, 3rd Floor
840-5 Yeoksam-Dong
Kangnam-Ku
Seoul, Korea
Contact: Mr J.S. Chung
Tel: +82 2 567 8881
Fax: +82 2 567 8831
Email: jschung@ritco.co.kr
Website: www.ritco.co.kr
Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS HOLDING BHD

Lot 2221, Kg. Jaya Industrial Area
MY-47000 Sg. Buloh Selangor
Malaysia

Contact: Mr Richard Wong

Tel: +60 3 61 57 61 99

Fax: +60 3 6157 0801

Email: chankokhoe@fittersgroup.com

Website: www.fittersgroup.com

Dealer/Distributor

SECURITON AG, REPRESENTATIVE
OFFICE ASIA

No. 19A, Lorong Rahim Kajai 13
Taman Tun Dr. Ismail
MY-60000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Contact: Mr Lewis Chong
Tel: +60 3 7725 1699
Fax: +60 3 7725 1677
Email: asia@securiton.com. my
Website: www.securiton.ch
Representative Office

TAIWAN

ATLAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

22F, No 1 Bausheng Road, Yunghe City, Taipei
Taiwan 234, R.O.C.

Contact: Mr David Liu

Tel: +886 2 223 20 556

Fax: +886 2 223 16 657

Email: david@atlasgroup.com.tw

Website: www.atlasgroup.com.tw

Dealer/Distributor

GICTEC INTERNATIONAL COMPUTING
CO LTD

No. 49 Goang Shi Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan R.O.C.

Contact: Mr Franco Lee

Tel: +886 7 71 5 4285

Fax: +886 7 715 4401

Email: Iic@ms9.hinet.net

Website: www.gictec.com.tw

Dealer/Distributor

UNIVERSAL PATH DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION (UPDC)

9F-1 306, Sec. 1 , NeiHu Road, Taipei
Taiwan R.O.C.

Contact: Mr Terry Chung
Tel: +886 2 8751 6055
Fax: +886 2 8751 6053
Email: tchung@updc.com.tw
Website: www.updc.com.tw
Dealer/Distributor

TASK FORCE TIPS, INC.

AUSTRALIA

GAAM EMERGENCY PRODUCTS

29 Temple Dr.,

PO Box 21 1 Thomastown, Victoria, 3074, Australia

Tel: +61 3 9466 1244

Fax: 61 3 9466 4743

Email: bkincade@tycoint.com

Website: www.gaam.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SHANGHAI JINDE INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT CO LTD

Room 610, 1 Lane 50, Xin Cun Road

Shanghai, 200065, China

Tel: +86 21-360-50599

Fax: +86 21-360-55599

Email: jmgushon@online.sh.cn

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

ROTTER INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

Unit A G/F. Hung To Road

6-8 Hung To Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Tel: 85227517770

Fax: 85227562051

Email: jacky@rotter.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

UNIVERSAL CARS LIMITED

UCL House, 374-380 Castle Peak Road

Tsuen Wan, N.T., Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2414 0231

Fax: +852 2413 6063

Email: andrewplh@simedarby.com. hk

Website: www.mitsubishi-motors.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

INDIA

FOREMOST TECHNICO PVT LIMITED

M-1, Green Park Extension
New Delhi 110016, India
Tel: +91 (11) 2619 6997
Fax: +91 (11) 2616 6961
Dealer/Distributor
Mumbai Resi. /Office:

803, 8th Floor, Bldg. No. 23 C, Opp.

Jalvayu Vihar, Hiranandani Gardens, Powai,
Mumbai - 400 076
Email: info@tca.co.in
Website: www.tca.co.in

INDONESIA

PT PALMAS ENTRACO

Jl. Krekot 85, Jakarta-Pusat, Indonesia
Tel: +62 (21) 384 1681
Fax: +62 (21) 380 2660
Email: ptpalmas@attglobal.net

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

YONE CORPORATION

23, Nishinakaai-Cho

Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, Japan

Tel: +81 (7) 582-11185

Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263

Email: t.yone@myad.jp

Website: www.yone-co.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

SHILLA FIRE CO LTD

433-1 1 Non Hon-Dong

Nam Dong-Gu, Inchon City 405-300, South Korea

Tel: +82-02-3665 9011

Fax: +82-02-3663 9113

Email: kofire77@hotmail.com

Website: www.firekorea.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

CME EDARAN SDN BHD

Lot 19, Jalan Delima 1/1
Subang Hi-Tech industrial Park
Batu Tiga, 4000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Tel: +60 (3) 56331 188
Fax: +60 (3) 56343838
Email: simon. tan@cme.com. my
Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALES

Unit 109 Cluster 3

Makati Prime City, 7708 St. Paul Rd.

Brgy San Antonio, Makati City, Philippines

Tel: +63 (2) 897-2037

Fax: +63 (2) 896-0083

Email: alliance8_jcy@pacific.net.ph

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

S.K. FIRE PTE LTD

8 Tuas Drive 2

Singapore 638643, Singapore
Tel: +65 6862 3155
Fax: +65 6862 0273
Email: houchin@skfire.com
Website: www.skfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

YONE CORPORATION

23, Nishinakaai-Cho, Nishinokyo
Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, Japan
Tel: +81 (7) 582-11185
Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263
Email: t.yone@myad.jp
Website: www.yone-co.co.jp
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

ANTI-FIRE, CO. LTD

316-316/1 Sukhumvit 22 Rd
Klongtoey Klongtoey
Bangkok, 101 10 Thailand
Tel: 6622596898
Fax: 6622582422
Email: sithichai@antifire.com
Website: www.antifire.com
Dealer/Distributor

SEAT PATTAYA CO LTD

138/74, 18th Floor, Jewellery Centre,

Nares Road, Siphraya, Bangrak
Bangkok 10500, Thailand
Tel: +66 (2) 267 3273
Fax: +66 (2) 267-3280
Email: pongpen@loxinfo.co.th
Dealer/Distributor

TRELLEBORG

SINGAPORE

TRELLEBORG HERCULES PTE LTD

(Trelleborg Protective Products)

4 Jalan Pesawat, Singapore 61 9362

Contact: Trevor Peh

Tel: +65 6262 1664

Fax: +65 6265 9853

Email: Trevor.Peh@trelleborg.com

Website: www.trelleborg.com/protective

Representative Office

TYCO FIRE &
SECURITY

INDONESIA

TYCO FIRE & SECURITY

Pt. ODG Wormald Indonesia

Jl . Let Jen. TB. Simatupang no. 1 50 B

Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, Jakarta, 12530

Representative Office

VETROTECH

JAPAN

SAINT-GOBAIN HANGLAS
(JAPAN) K.K.

6F/L Saint-Gobain Bldg
3-7, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-Ku
J-Tokyo 1 02-0083
Contact: Mr Sadahiro Inada
Tel: +81 3 5275 08 63
Fax: +81 3 5275 0913

Email: infoVSGJ.vetrotech@saint-gobain.com
Website: www.vetrotech.com

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

HANKUK PROCESSED GLASS INC

585-14, Gajwa-Dong

Incheon, 404-250, Seo-Gu, Seoul/South Korea

Contact: Mr Jung Soo Park

Tel: +82 32 580 04 07

Fax: +82 32 579 04 30

Email: jspark@hanglas.co.kr

Website: www.hanglas.co.kr

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

ADAMS STEELGUARD LTD

137 Sunnybrae Rd.

Glenfield, Auckland
New Zealand

Contact: Mr Graeme Knowles

Tel: 649-443-2722

Fax: 649-443-7877

Email: graeme@steelguard.co.nz

Website: www.steelguard.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

SAINT-GOBAIN (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD

1 5 Beach Road,

#04-01 Beach Centre

Singapore 189677

Contact: Mr Elsen Chan

Tel: +65 63372276

Fax: +65 63372247

Email: Elsen.chan@saint-gobain.com

Website: www.saint-gobain.com

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

INEX BUILDING MATERIALS &
INSTALLATION CO LTD

4F. No. 219, Sec. 1
Tunhwa S. Rd.

Taipei, Taiwan

Contact: Mr William Chen

Tel: 886-2-2740 3475

Fax: 886-2-2740 3479

Email: inex@ms36.hinet.net

Website: www.inex.twmail.net

Dealer/Distributor

WOLF SAFETY LAMP

AUSTRALIA

WHYTE-HALL (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD

Unit 2, 81-83 Station Road
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Australia

Contact: Matthew MacRae
Tel: +612 9838 4420
Fax: +612 9838 4460
Email: info@whyte-hall.com
Website: www.whyte-hall.com
Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

PLUS ALPHA CORPORATION

5-9-12-608 Magamoto Minami-Ku

Saitama City

Saitama

336-0033 Japan
Contact: Mr R Hashimoto
Tel: +81 48 865 7784
Fax: +81 48 865 7784
Email: p-alpha@nifty.com
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

DAE MYUNG CORP

368-1 Gupyeong-Dong
Saha-Gu, Pusan
Korea

Contact: Mr Jung Won Lee
Tel: +82 51 261 0035
Fax: +82 51 264 0081
Email: daemyung@kornet.net

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

WINDSOR MARINE PTE LTD

28 Joo Koon Circle

Singapore 629057

Contact: Mr Michael Lim

Tel: +65 6349 1930

Fax: +65 6778 6882

Email: winmar01@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

POLICO INTERNATIONAL CORP

3F, No. 43 Fuguo Road (Shin-Lin)

Taipei

Taiwan

Contact: MrC.T. Huang
Tel: +8862 8866 1003
Fax: +88862 8866 5479
Email: bbb8@ms18.hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ADVERTISERS' INDEX

Ansul, Inc. OBC

Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd. 09

Bio-Ex 25

Bristol Uniforms Ltd. 33

BW Technologies 70

Chemetron Fire Systems IBC

Dafo Fomtec 1 5

Draeger Safety Asia Pte Ltd. 20

Dr. Sthamer Flamburg 23

Du Pont FE 04

Du Pont Surface Protection Solutions 19

E2V Technologies 29

Elkhart Brass Mfg Co Inc 56

Fire Fighting Enterprises 64

Firetrace International 51

GB Solo Ltd. 60

Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd. 35

Holmatro Rescue Equipment 73

Honeywell Fire Systems 49

International Water Mist Conference 06

Kidde Fire Protection 42

Lancier Hydraulik Co. KG 67

NFPA 76

Nittan UK Ltd. 46

Plastika Akrapovic 30

PPS Ltd. 28

Resqtec Zumro Asia Sdn Bhd 64

Sage Technologies Ltd. 09

Securiton AG 49

Sicor Spa 37

Solberg Scandinavian 15

Task Force Tips, Inc. IFC

Texas A & M Emergency Services Training

Institute 25

Trelleborg Protective Products 26

Tyco Safety Products - Skum 75

Vetrotech Saint Gobain International AG 38

Wolf Safety Lamp Company 1 5

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

2007

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ASIA 2007

Suntec Singapore • Level 4 • 31 October - 02 November 2007

’U*An MDM PUBLICATION
Issue 23 - September 2007

www.mdmpublishing.com

MAGAZINE

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AUSTRALIA

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Phone: 61394661244
Fax : 61394664743
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www.gaam.com.au

CHINA

Shanghai Jin De Industry
Phone: 862136050599
Fax: 862136055599
sjinde@163.com
www.sjinde.com

HONG KONG

Rotter International Ltd.
Phone: 85227517770
Fax: 85227562051
jacky@rotter.com. hk
www.rotterbiz.com

INDONESIA

Pt Palmas Entraco
Phone: 6221384 1681
Fax: 6221380 2660
sales@palmas.co.id

JAPAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
t.yone@myad.jp
www.yone-co.co.jp

MALAYSIA

CME Technologies SDN BHD
Phone: 60356331188
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khairi@cme.com. my
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NEW ZEALAND

Tyco Safety Products
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Alliance Industrial Sales
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TAIWAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
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THAILAND

Anti-fire Co., Ltd.
Phone: 66 2 259-6898
Fax: 66 2 258-2422
sithichai@antifire.com
www.antifire.com

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

September 2007
issue 23

Front Cover Picture: South Korean rescue
workers check the subway train destroyed by
a fire at a subway station in Taegu, about
320 km (200 miles) southeast of Seoul,
February 18, 2003. A South Korean fire rescue
official said that there were about 100 more
bodies in a burned subway car after a
suspected arson attack on a underground
train in the South Korean city of Taegu.

Picture courtesy of REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Floon
KKH/FA

Publishers

Mark Seton & David Staddon

Editorial Contributors

John Allen, Michael Mills, Wes
Sheridan, Larry Digney, Sarah Ursulan,
Jack Kusters, Mike Willson, Mark
Conron, James Shipman

APF is published quarterly by:

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Page design by Dorchester
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Contents

NFPA Foreword

07-16 News,

Product Profiles,
Reviews & Viewpoints

19-21 Gaseous

Suppression Systems
and The Environmental
Challenge

47-51 Hydraulic

Rams versus Lifting
Bags

53-58 New Fire

Protection Technology
for LNG Hazards

67-70 Fixed

installation Firewater
Pump Packages

72-79 Distributor &

Representative Office
Listing

41-44

Advertisers' index

67-70

23-26 The

Evolution of the Foam
Top Pourer

29-32 The Future of

Thermal imaging
Technology

35-38 New

Technology SCBA - A
Giant Step Forward

41-44 Don't Learn

by Accident: The
importance of Training

35-38

61-65 Mass Decon
Techniques and
Concerns

61-65

19-21

23-26

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

www.mdmpu

Introducing our

INCORPORATING

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And much,

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You protect your building from a number of
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upon the added protection of DuPont clean agent fire extinguishants. By limiting the
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DuPont Fire Extinguishants. The Science of Protection ".
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Copyright © 2007 DuPont. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont", The miracles of science ", The Science of Protection ", FE-25 ", FE-36", and FE-227 "
are trademarks or registered trademarks of E.l. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

FOREWORD

Foreword

NFPA code training

By Olga Caledonia

Executive Director
International
Operations, NFPA

As I travel around the world, the question I get asked the most is, how can I get
access to NFPA code training? Surprisingly, the answer is very simple, NFPA's
Online seminars!

M odern communication technology, especi-
ally the Internet, has made it possible for
information to be brought forth from any
country and disseminated almost instantly all over
the globe. Most importantly, it offers the promise
of greater advances than ever before in the
development and application of technologies and
practices that save lives and protect property.

NFPA began offering online learning programs
in early 2003 and to date over 12,000 industry
professionals have registered for various programs.
We offer four certificate programs: Fire Alarm
Fundamentals, Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Elec-
trical Installations in Hazardous Locations, and Fire
and Life Safety in Health Care Occupancies. These
four major programs segment into various individ-
ual modules. Participants can take any or all of
these programs to suit their learning needs. For
example, the Automatic Sprinkler System Certifi-
cate Courses include modules such as: Sprinkler
design, Deluge and Pre-action systems, Dry-Pipe
Systems and Sprinkler components to name a few.
Each segment can be learned individually. Also, we
offer additional online programs in Flammable
Liquids (three modules), Fire Extinguishers at
Work, and Terrorist Awareness for First
Responders. A complete description and listing of
the programs can be found at www.nfpawbt.org.

Learners can sign up for one or more programs
and have up to 90 days to complete them so it is a
great way to learn at your own pace. Throughout
each program, learners are challenged to check their

knowledge and understanding of the information.
Since Online Learning is self-paced and internet
accessible, learners can work with it just about any-
where they have a computer and connectivity. For
this reason, remote technical professionals, overseas
and international individuals, and others who are
time-limited can also get the advanced technical
training they need to advance their professional
capability and their careers. We recently received
feedback from an online subscriber from Karachi,
Pakistan who signed up for the Fire and Life Safety
in Healthcare Occupancies certificate program
noting the importance of the course as he contin-
ues to build a career as a hospital safety officer.

There is tremendous commitment from the
people in our industry. Despite the diversity of
people around the world, I realized what a small
world we have become. NFPA receives weekly
inquiries from people across the globe: from the
Americas and Caribbean, to the Middle East and
throughout Asia. Many of these questions are
regarding how our online learning works, which
programs are right for them, how do they can
access the content, and a variety of other
matters. What surprises all online learning
customers is the speed and detail of the answers
they receive. NFPA makes it a point that no matter
where in the world they live, they get a prompt
and welcoming response. To us, that is simple
professional courtesy and what our members and
customers rightfully expect. We are honored to be
an internationally trusted learning partner.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

One of the few places in the world
without a MAGIRUS ladder.

IVECO

MAGIRUS

IVECO MAGIRUS Brandschutztechnik GmbH
Graf-Arco-Strasse 30 • 89079 Ulm
Fax +49 (0) 731/408-24 10
www.iveco-magirus.de • magirus@iveco.com

NEWS

The New PSS 7000 - Revolutionary
Breathing Apparatus from Draeger Safety

and doffing, and the shoulder pads and
waistbelt both feature a new quick release
mechanism for easy maintenance. As an
added benefit, the new hose sleeves on
the shoulder harness are covered with
reflective material to increase visibility and,
at the same time, provide additional hose
protection and minimise the risk of
snagging.

Also featuring 3-point height
adjustment, the lightweight, high strength
carbon composite back plate incorporates
further integral hose channels to eliminate
snagging and offer improved protection.
Large carrying handles have also been
integrated for better handling and safety,
and a new slide and swivel waistbelt
mechanism ensures correct positioning on
the body during donning. The first stage
pressure reducer has also been fitted with
a quick release mechanism for easy
maintenance.

Forming part of a revolutionary, complete
system solution from DRAEGER SAFETY,
the new Draeger PSS 7000 Breathing
Apparatus (BA) has been specifically
designed with the needs of firefighters in
mind. Developed by professionals for use in
even the most hostile of environments, this
innovative set boasts advanced technology
as well as a modular design. Enabling the
set to be easily and quickly configured to
suit different operational requirements, it
also provides seamless integration with
facemasks, head protection and
communications equipment.

Easily upgraded to meet future needs,
the Draeger PSS 7000 is the latest
development in Draeger's ongoing
commitment to the provision of world
class breathing apparatus and incorporates
tried and tested pneumatics as well as the
most advanced materials. Bringing greater
confidence to users by combining the very
best ergonomics with reliability, durability
and safety, it also offers easy care and
maintenance. In addition, the Draeger PSS
7000 combines a wide range of features
to maximise comfort and minimise both
stress and fatigue, and is ideal for use with
personal monitoring and/or telemetry
systems.

The new harness, for example, features
advanced compression moulded
comfortable padding that combines high
temperature performance with exceptional
wear resistance. A high grip, anti-slip
surface ensures that the harness stays in
position and the set remains secure on the
body, whilst a quick release mechanism on
both the waistbelt and shoulder harness
allows quick and easy detachment for easy

cleaning and maintenance.

Adjustable and robust, the new heavy
duty stainless steel strap buckles ensure
long life and easy operation when donning

For more information, please contact:
Draeger Safety Asia Pte Ltd.

Tel: +65 6773 9288

Email: dsa.singapore@draeger.com

Elkhart Brass Expands Unibody
Electric valve warranty

New Industry Leading
10-year Controller, Motor
and Valve Warranty

ELKHART BRASS continues to lead the category
in innovations with the announcement they are
expanding the existing 1 0-year valve warranty
to include the controller and the electric motor.

"The improvements we have made in
research, design, manufacturing and testing
over the last few years have lead to building
the highest quality waterflow systems in the
industry. These improvements drove this new,
expanded warranty and prove the confidence
we have in our Unibody Electric Valve
product," stated Don Sjolin, Marketing Director
for Elkhart Brass.

The 1 0-year warranty now covers all valve
related electric components, including the
controller, the motor, and the sensor(s). The
warranty is the most comprehensive and
longest warranty on electric waterflow
components in the industry.

"We are on a mission to increase acceptance
of electric valves in the industry. The new
Unibody Electric Valve system provides critical
pressure and flow data in the cab and/or at the
pump panel. More accurate control and
knowledge of waterflow improves safety. This

warranty is just one of the ways we are helping
to change current electric valve perceptions
with the ultimate goal of improving firefighter
safety," stated Don Sjolin.

The new warranty takes effect immediately
on the Unibody Electric Valve system.

For more information, please contact:
Elkhart Brass, Inc.

Email: dsjolin@elkhartbrass.com
Website: www.elkhartbrass.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

SHOW PREVIEW

Safety Security

Asia 2007

About Conference &
Exhibition Management
Services (CEMS)

Since its establishment in
1980, CEMS has been a
regional organiser with
global perspective. It is a key
player in the Meeting,
Incentive, Convention and
Exhibition (MICE) industry,
with a vast knowledge and
experience in organising and
managing exhibitions,
conferences and special
events for government
agencies, associations and
private enterprises. With its
business activities span in
many countries in ASEAN
region, China, India and
Pakistan, CEMS' portfolio of
exhibitions includes the
Apparel Asia, YAFA Asia,
Enviro Asia, The Singapore
International Jewelry Show
and Beijing International
Tourism Expo. CEMS was the
first professional conference
and exhibition organiser to
obtain the ISO 9002
certification in October 1997.
In all, CEMS has been
involved in more than 200
major conventions and
exhibitions since 1977. For
more information on CEMS,
please visit
www.cems.com.sg

For further enquiries , kindly
contact:

Mr Derick Ding

Exhibition Manager
Conference & Exhibition
Management Services
Tel: (65) 6278 8666
Hp: (65) 9692 1122
Fax: (65) 6278 4077
Email: derick@cems.com. sg

Mr Michael Ng

Associate, i BRAND
Tel: (65) 6222 8968
Hp: (65) 90286757
Fax: (65) 6222 8969
Email:

michael@ibrand.com.sg

Your Gateway to Southeast Asia’s
Security industry

From the 31st of October to 2nd November 2007, leading event organizer,
Conference & Management Exhibition Services (CEMS) will be holding the 9th
Safety & Security Asia 2007 (SSA) at the Suntec Singapore International
Convention & Exhibition Centre.

T he main event for security professionals this
year will also incorporate the 7th Fire & Res-
cue Asia 2007 (FRA) and the 2nd Homeland
Security Asia 2007 (HSA). These exhibitions will
feature breakthroughs in advanced technological
safety & security equipment and devices, intelli-
gent systems, fire prevention management and
products.

SSA, held once every two years for the last
18 years, has been positioned as a hub for
regional security professionals and has attracted
thousands of visitors more than half of which
comes from regional countries like Malaysia,
Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and Philippines.

A series of other events, conference and
seminars will be held concurrently during the
exhibitions, such as the Asia Security Conference
2007, Security Technologies and Security Industry
Focus Seminars. CISCO'S influential presence as a
co-organiser for the conference, will also see them
adding on several prominent security personalities
from around the world.

Associate Professor Ho Peng
Kee, Senior Minister of State,
Ministry of Law & Ministry of
Home Affairs, will be the
Guest-Of-Honour at the
conference official opening.

Notable speakers representing various industries
will come together to discuss topics that cover all
aspects of security and its challenges in the
present environment. Speakers line-up includes Dr.
Rohan Gunaratna, Head of International Centre
for Political Violence & Terrorism Research (ICPVTR)
S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies
(RSIS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU);
DAC Anselm Lopez, Director of Security Industry
Regulatory Department (SIRD) in Singapore Police
Force; Mr. Bill Chua, the Executive Vice President
and Global Head for Delivery Channels and
Operations of United Overseas Banking Group; Mr.

A IRE & ESCUE SIA

SUNTEC SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER
HALL 404 ■ 31 OCT - 0? NOV 2007

£ SAFETY & SECURITY ASIA 2007
£ OMELAND ECURITY SIA 007

Foi morm M*uim*Uun about to* mow. pimm etwtucl:

CEIT15 SraUc-n,

"n : f A is?"* wwv

^ www.firerescueasia.c0m.5g

Christian Sommade, Executive Director of Euro-
pean Homeland Security Association (France); Mr.
Tan Tong Hai, President & Chief Executive Officer
of Singapore Computer Systems (SCS) and Mr.
Wallace Gowin, the Regional Security Director Asia
Pacific of Agility.

This year, the organiser is projecting more than
300 exhibitors representing more than 30 countries.
As a sign of increasing global concerns, CEMS is
also expecting a 60% increase in visitorship made
up of mostly regional safety & security managers
and consultants, properties & facilities managers,
developers, architects and trade professionals.

Associate Professor Ho Peng Kee, Senior
Minister of State, Ministry of Law & Ministry of
Home Affairs, will be the Guest-Of-Honour at the
conference official opening.

For more information, log on to www.safety
securityasia.com.sg D33

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

MALAYSIA

IRE & ESCUE SIA

7th International Fire & Rescue Technology & Equipment Exhibition

SUNTEC SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER
HALL 404 ■ 31 OCT - 02 NOV 2007

in conjunction with:

SAFETY & SECURITY ASIA 2007

9th International Safety & Security Technology & Equipment Exhibition & Conference

OMELAND ECURITY SIA

2nd International Homeland Security Technology 4 Equipment Exhibition

For more information about the show, please contact:

Mr. Derick Ding
Email: derick@cems.com. sg
Tel: (65) 6278 8666
Fax: (65) 6278 4077

Conforonco & Exhibition Managomonl
Services Pto Ltd (OEMS)

www.firerescueasia.com.sg

NEWS

Easy Decon by Profess onal
Protection Systems

One of the latest
developments in
decontamination is a foam
product designed for use
on buildings or vehicles.

Developed in the US this
product known as
EasyDECON™DF200 and
is capable of killing or
neutralising a broad range
of WMD contaminants.

Also because of its unique
chemical structure it can
be used on practically
anything. The product is
particularly suitable for the
decontamination of
structures as it has the
unique ability to adhere to
vertical and inverted
surfaces where it creates a
foam blanket to maintain
the required contact time between agent
and decontamination formulation.
EasyDECON™DF200 has the added virtue
of being non-corrosive and its use adds no
environmental load to the appropriate
clean-up operation. Kill time ranges from a
few minutes to half an hour depending on
environment and prevailing conditions.

When used with dedicated application
equipment even coverage is achieved,
maximising contact time and suppressing
any reaction from the agent being treated
whilst decontamination takes place.

The most obvious major feature of this
new system being is that it does not use
water. Water has been at the central
element in all decontamination

technologies until now. Essentially what
water does is to move contaminant from
one place to another. If its protective
clothing or human casualties you are
decontaminating the subjects, and the
arena of operations are small enough for
contaminated water to be contained
somewhere and disposed of. But with a
vehicle you start to have problems and
with a building it becomes just about
impossible to use successfully. This product
is the answer.

For more information, please contact:

PPS Ltd.

Tel: +44 1908 272240
Website: www.ppsgb.com

Nittan evolution control
panel range extended

Leading conventional and addressable fire
detection manufacturer NITTAN (UK) Ltd. is
pleased to announce the launch of new
control panels for its Evolution range of
fire detection products.

The new range of Evolution protocol
addressable control panels have been
manufactured by Advanced Electronics -
one of the most popular brands in the UK.

The Advanced panels consist of a simple
to use LCD menu driven GUI, dual, flash
based microprocessor technology driven by
an on-board power supply and charger
approved to EN54 parts 2 and 4. The panels
are fully expandable from one to two or four
loops, depending on the model, and come
complete with on-board sounder circuits.

They are suitable for use in a wide range of
sites, small to large, simple to complex.

Extremely easy to install and use due to
the dedicated system navigation keys and
uncomplicated commissioning and fault
finding, the new Advanced panels can also
be accessed remotely via a low cost
modem connection for quick and
convenient diagnostics.

Nittan is expecting these panels to have
a major impact when combined with the
Evolution Range of detectors.

For more information, please contact:

Nittan

Email: sales@nittan.co.uk
Website: www.nittan.co.uk

Holmatro®

CORE™

Technology

Turning point in speed, ease
and safety for working with
hydraulic rescue equipment

Until it's introduction in June 2005 hydraulic
rescue tools always consisted of a pigtail (dual)
hose system, with a separate pressure and
return hose connecting pump and rescue tool. A
CORE™ system
consists of only one
hose: a high-pressure
inner hose inside a
low-pressure outer
hose. The hydraulic
principle and tool
performance of
CORE™ Technology
and traditional
technology are of
course identical.

CORE™ Technology
ranks with the most important innovations in
the field of extrication ever. The benefits for the
user of a system which can be summarized as
follows: "quick, easy and safe".

Quick

A CORE™ system allows the rescuer to change
(disconnect and connect) the tool on the spot,
while the hose is under flow and without having
to switch the valve back at the pump. CORE™
couplers can rotate (360°) freely on both ends.
Therefore it is now possible for instance to
unroll a hose while walking away with a
connected tool and start opening the tool in the
meantime. These CORE™ Technology features
result in significant time savings.

Easy

A CORE™ hose has fewer autolock couplers
than a pigtail hose and it gets coupled directly
at the tool. This allows you to couple the tool in
any position, even when holding the tool in one
hand and clicking the hose on with the other
hand. The possibility of changing tools while the
hose is under flow makes changing over at the
pump unnecessary. This results in increased
flexibility: with CORE™ Technology a complete
rescue set can be operated easy and efficient by
just one rescuer.

Safe

Because the high-pressure hose is integrated
within the low-pressure hose, it is never in direct
contact with the outside environment. These and
other safety measures make sure that the user is
never exposed to more than 25 bar. CORE™
hoses are reinforced with state-of-the-art multi-
layered aramid. Even the most rigorous and
prolonged test scenarios have not resulted in
any kinking or possible damage resulting from it.

For more information please visit our
website: www.holmatro.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AVfN

PROTECTION

For more information , please
contact:

Avon Protection Systems

Hampton Park West
Semington Road
Melksham
Wiltshire SN1 2 6NB
UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1225 896 705
Fax: +44 (0) 1225 896 301
Email:

protection@avon-rubber.com

Website:

www.avon-protection.com

PRODUCT PROFILE

New SC BA Launch:

Atlantair by Avon Protection Systems

Avon Protection Systems, part of Avon Rubber p.I.c., is acknowledged as a world
leading provider of advanced Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear
(CBRN) respiratory protection solutions.

A n extensive range of products from complete
CBRN capable Self Contained Breathing
l Apparatus (SC BA) systems to compact
single use escape hoods is supplied to an array of
customers across the world including; fire-fighters,
military, law enforcement professionals, emergency
medial professionals, key utility and transportation
workers and people at risk anywhere.

Avon Protection Systems has a unique capability
in CBRN protection based on a range of advanced
technologies in respirator design, filtration and
compressed air breathing apparatus. This enables
Avon to develop specialized solutions that take full
account of user requirements.

The CE Atlantair™ range of Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SC BA) is Avon Protection
System's most recent development offering true
operational flexibility for fire-fighting and HAZMAT
units. Atlantair™ also meets the growing demand
for an SCBA capability from specialist and para-
military forces, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)
units, as well as naval and air force fire fighting
units.

Developed by the team at Avon - ISI, the range
incorporates all the latest innovations originally
presented in the ISI Viking Series of NFPA compliant
systems. ISI was first to market with many features
now taken for granted by SCBA users. The
Atlantair™ range marks Avon's entry into the
SCBA market outside the USA, where it has a
leading position in SCBA technology through
Avon-ISI. Atlantair™ offers a broad capability in
respiratory protection, giving users exceptional
operational flexibility when dealing with extreme
CBRN threats.

Atlantair™ meets the latest EN1 37:2006 class 2
standards including the new high temperature
flame engulfment test. In addition the system also
meets the BS8468-1 standard for CBRN SCBA.

Atlantair™ integrates a wide range of standard
features in an ergonomically designed system,
which includes a head up display (HUD) and hands
free, integrated voice and activated radio commu-
nications. The systems come with a choice of 3
sizes of high comfort masks offering wide vision.
Butyl mask options offer a fully CBRN compliant
system with silicone mask options providing
enhanced comfort. The mask features a double
curved, anti-fog and anti-scratch lens for excellent
field of view.

The Atlantair SCBA range has the world's small-
est, lowest profile Demand Valve. It either offers
integrated bypass and first breath activation or an
optional AirSwitch® mask capability to allow instant
access to breathing air from a ready state. The
integrated HUD allows the user to monitor alarm
conditions as well as the status of the cylinder.

Atlantair™ offers optional integrated hands free
voice communications and head up display all of
which are ATEX compliant for Intrinsic Safety. In
addition the system comes complete with easily
adjustable voice activation volume to eliminate
breathing noise without impacting communications.

The system incorporates an easy - to - use
control console which houses the complete
electronics package, including head up display
(HUD) processing, Radio Communications, VAS
and PASS motion sensor.

Atlantair™ comes with a choice of ergonomically
designed harness and backplate configurations
for maximum comfort and adjustability. The
integrated design approach results in a clean, low
profile system. It provides users with a choice of
lightweight carbon cylinders pressurised to 200 or
300 bar with 30, 45 or 60 minute durations. A
range of options are also available including buddy
breather, cylinder fast fill connection, airline
connection, and wireless personal alert system.
The product is easy to maintain, delivering low
ownership costs.

Another example of Avon's innovative approach
to personal respiratory protection is the revolu-
tionary EH20 hood. A highly protective personal
emergency respirator, EH20 is a compact and
portable device offering effective short term
protection from chemicals, CBRN agents and toxic
particles. Offering a safe solution to emergency
responders who may not have immediate access
to SCBA or other devices, it is fully CE certified.

Be one of the first to witness the launch of
Atlantair at A & A Dusseldorf stand 5B34. B23

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

Join the elite

H* ISG

*U Thermal Systems, Ltd.

ISG THERMAL SYSTEMS, one of the
world's leading thermal imaging camera
manufacturers, proudly announces the
launch of their revolutionary new camera
The Talisman K-1 000.

The K-1 000 utilises Megapicture
technology which is a system developed by
ISG exclusively for their fire fighting
cameras. This means that picture quality is
more enhanced giving the fire fighter a
better viewing image. Not only does this
technology improve picture quality but it
also improves "headroom" which is the
highest temperature the camera can
clearly image which obviously improves fire
fighter safety. The K-1 000 is truly a first,
for example, it can successfully image
ceiling temperatures up to 1 000°C which
up until now was unheard of.

The big secret to the Megapicture
technology is the K-1000's High resolution
sensor. The sensor has 76,800 imaging
pixels. Think of it if you will like a digital
camera or camcorder, the more pixels, the
better the image quality. Coupled to this
system is the K-1 000's ability for fast
update rates. In a situation where there
are constant heat changes in the
environment, Megapicture technology
scans 4,608,000 scene elements each
second resulting in the user viewing not
only a clearer image but also to make
better and safer decisions.

The brains at ISG have really been
working hard on the development of the
K-1 000 and another great feature about
the camera is its oversized lens. Just like a
normal everyday camera, the same rules
apply to thermal imaging cameras, the
bigger the lens the more scene elements

the camera can focus on. The K-1000's
Megapicture system uses the biggest lens
currently available and can sense 77%
more data, coupled with the fast update
rates the result is spectacular image clarity.

Tonny Hutting ISG's International
training manager explains the idea behind
the K-1 000. "Firefighters put themselves
at risk every time they enter a building
that is fully involved. They are at constant
risk from ceiling collapse, the possibility of
a flashover situation constantly changing
temperatures and also not having the
correct equipment that can give them the
information they need. By assessing these
problems and as a qualified fire fighter,
the K-1 000 is the logical choice". Unlike
other units, the image does not saturate
when the temperature gets too high. The
K-1 000 can clearly detect temperatures of
1 000°C which from a fire fighters
perspective, will tell him if a ceiling could
possibly collapse or if a flashover situation
could occur. The K-1 000 is also extremely
user friendly, the screen constantly
displays such readings as battery power
and temperature. On a full recharge
which only takes about two and a half
hours, you can expect the camera to
function perfectly for at least five hours
and from switching on, the camera is
ready to use in less than five seconds it
also comes complete with a hard carry
case and neck strap".

For more information about the ISG
Talisman K-1 000 contact:

ISG Thermal Systems Ltd
Tel: +44 (0) 1268 527700
Web: www.isgfire.co.uk

Talisman K-1000 specifications include:

Electronics

Sensor Type: Vanadium Oxide
Microbolometer
Resolution: 320 x 240
Spectral Response: 8-14 microns
Dynamic Range: Over 1000°C in
Thousand Plus Mode
Mode switch time: 0.08 seconds
Update rate: 4,608,000 scene elements
per second

Field of view: 59 degrees
Nominal start up: Under 5 seconds

Temperature measurement

Measurement: FPA Centre Pixel Area

Measurement Range: Up to 1000°C
Resolution: +/-1°C
Repeatability: +/-1°C

Physical

Weight: Under 1 ,4kg
Housing: Radel-R High Heat
Thermoplastic

Waterproofing: IP67 - immersion up to
1 meter

Drop test: 2 meters

Power source

Operating time: Over 5 hours

Low battery warning: Displayed on screen

Recharge time: 2.5 hours

Bright future
for new wolf
LED torch
range

WOLF has introduced a new LED Primary
Cell Torch range, Certified to ATEX and
lECEx by Baseefa (2001).

The three torches in this TR-40 range
incorporate high power LEDs, producing a
flawless intense white beam of about half
a metre diameter at five metres and a light
source that is 'fitted for life'. Each torch is
powered by four x AA alkaline primary
cells, which will not only produce an
optimum output for up to seven and a half
hours duration, but will also continue to
provide a good light for up to 72 hours.

The TR-40 LED Primary Cell Torches are
approved for safe use in Zone 1 and 2
Hazardous Areas, Group IIC T4 Explosive
gases, dusts and vapours. Weighing 360
grams including batteries, they are one the
lightest LED safety torches available. The
TR-40+ version is fitted with a low battery
indicator and a black TR-45 model is
Certified for use in Zone 0 gas
environments.

Ideal for maintenance and inspection
tasks on industrial sites, fire-fighting, oil,
gas, petrochemical, and offshore
applications, the TR-40 range completes
the Wolf Safety family of ATEX Torches,
filling the gap between the hugely popular
TR-24+ and the impressive R-50 LED
rechargeable torch ranges.

For more information, please contact:

Wolf Safety Lamp

Email: info@wolf-safety.co.uk

Website: www.wolf-safety.co.uk

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

‘Performance LIVE BY IT

PBI Fabrics Engineered For The Work You Do

When it comes to firefighting, reliable protection that stands tough against heat and flame, and remains service worthy, is what

you picture. And, for more than 25 years, in more cities, and in more departments, PBI Gold®, PBI Matrix® and PBI TriGuard™ fabrics

have been doing just that... providing unmatched protection and performance to r M

more firefighters than any other high performance fabric. From turnout gear and

hoods to inventive USAR gear, these exclusive fabrics take personal protection

to the highest level, combining unmatched flame and thermal protection with

unsurpassed strength and durability. PBI fabrics... picture perfect performance.

9800 Southern Pine Blvd Suite D // Charlotte, NC 28273 USA// T 704-554-3378 // F 704-554-3101
www.pbigold.com // E-mail: walt.lehmann@pbiproducts.com

Galgenbergstrasse 2b / Im Posthof D -93053 Regensburg, Germany

T +49 (0) 941 70 54 370 // F +49 (0) 941 70 54 1 10 // E-mail: Helmut.Zepf@pbiproducts.com

PBI at A+A 2007 from Sep 1 8-21 in Dusseldorf in Hall 3 Stand D74

NEWS

L&w - Leading Manufacturer
in the Compressor Market

Fire truck with LW1300 and accessories

The German manufacturer L&W
(Lenhardt & Wagner
Kompressoren) has been
expanding and beginning to
network into the Asian market, by
setting up an Asian sales and
support office in Singapore. The
Singapore operation will hold
stock of units for sale and provide
full support and supply of spares.

L&W manufactures a wide
range of compressors suitable for
small dive operations and
liveaboards to larger self-
contained models that feature
built-in diesel generators suitable
for remote use. Most models are
also available in an "SILENT"
option, which feature a sound
insulated housing which reduces
the noise level down to 62 dB(A).

They also produce a range of
Storage systems, filling panels as well as
blending panels for nitrox and trimix.

Compressors are available up to 6000 liters
per minute and up to 420 bar.

One of the world's largest hydro-electric
power stations, situated on the Hongshui
River in the Guong-Xi province of China,
the Longtan Hydropower Station will use
100 Fireray 100R reflective beam smoke
detectors as part of the complete fire
safety and detection system provided by
Cooper Asia.

Due for completion in 2009 but already
partially operational, the 216.5m high dam
has had US$3.75 billion invested in its
construction and will be capable of an
estimated maximum annual production of
18.7 billion kWh of electricity. It is the
world's highest roller compacted concrete
dam, and incorporates the world's fastest
ship lift.

The Fireray 100R reflective beam smoke
detector from Fire Fighting Enterprises
houses the transmitter and receiver in the
same unit, with the infrared light being
bounced back by a small prismatic plate
on the opposite wall. This allows the
coverage of a wide area by relatively few
units, reducing the disruptions and costs
of both installation and cabling. As a part
of the fire safety system, these devices will
cover large areas which would otherwise
have required the installation of numerous
'point' detectors - as many as 1 6 per unit

LW 100

This brand new model of L&W compressors
Germany is latest state of art technology in High
Pressure Breathing Air compressors.

- to safely monitor the 1 500m 2 that each
100R is effective over. Details on the full
range of smoke detectors from FFE can be
found on their website (www.ffeuk.com),
including information on the new Fireray
5000 with optical alignment and
motorised beam auto-optimisation
features.

For more information, please contact:

Fire Fighting Enterprises
Tel: +44 845 4024 242
Website: www.ffeuk.com

The unit comes with a real
1 00 lit/min free air delivery
and is available in 3 versions:
Single phase, three phase and
also Gasoline engine. L&W
uses newest valves
technology, steel piston rings
and a new construction of the
compressor block. With it
newly developed cooling
system The life time of the
breathing air filter is nearly
50% higher than comparable
models.

LW 280 EC

Breathing air and Industrial air
applications. Stationary
compressor fully equipped and
suitable for continuous
running applications. For the
LW 280 onwards all our compressors are
equipped with oil and water separators after
each stage for longer life time and lower
maintenance costs of the compressor.

LW 280 ES - 280L/min; Electric;
Silent

One of the quietest compressors in its class. It
has been specially developed for modern day
conditions: a medium capacity compressor, with
an insulated housing, which provides excellent
noise suppression @ 61dB(A).

The control panel provides space for up to 6
filling hoses and an overview of the essential
compressor controls.

LW 570 Diesel & 450 E - 450 &
570L/min

For applications where large quantities of air
are required without sufficient electrical power
supply. The LW 450/570 D has a self contained
12V DC power supply providing electric start,
idle and full speed selector, automatic idle and
condensation drain when final pressure is
reached. The diesel fuel tank provides 2 hours of
continuous operation.

LW 570 E & ES - 570L/min; Electric
or Diesel; Silent option

The 570 series are 4 stage piston compressors
for large, professional applications. Able to
deliver 570 liters/min and working pressures up
to 420 bar if required.

The unit has been designed for the arduous
demands of large filling stations such as large
diving schools or hyperbaric facilities.

LW can offer for all compressors the
matching NITROX MEMBRANE SYSTEMS up to
40% Nitrox.

For more information, please visit us at
www.lw.com.sg or call: +65-67321178

Longtan Hydropower Station
Uses Beam Detection

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

SAPPHIRE® -

sustainable,
environmentally
acceptable fire
suppression
technology

According to Tyco Safety Products, Fire Suppression Group, its SAPPHIRE® fire
suppression system for protecting business-critical assets ended the search for a
truly sustainable, environmentally acceptable and long-term clean agent
alternative to the now outlawed Halon 1301.

For more information , please
contact:

Tyco Safety Products

Burlingham House
Hewett Road

Gapton Hall Industrial Estate

Great Yarmouth

Norfolk NR31 ONN

Tel: +44 (0) 1493 417600

Fax: +44 (0) 1493 417700

Email: tspmarketing.emea@

tycoint.com

Website:

www.macron-safety.com

S APPHIRE is a high-performance fluid-based
fire extinguishing system that uses 3M™
Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid; long-term
technology that not only satisfies today's regu-
lations, it also meets all of those in the foreseeable
future. It has several advantages over other
extinguishing agents on the market. SAPPHIRE has
a negligible impact on the environment, with an
insignificant global warming potential, lower than
any of the halocarbon agents acceptable for use in
occupied spaces.

It is designed to protect essential and delicate
telecommunications and data processing equip-
ment. It also has applications within the cultural
heritage sector protecting artefacts that would
otherwise be destroyed by water from traditional
sprinkler systems. The innovative suppression
technology is also making major inroads in the
on-shore and off-shore oil and gas industries; in
the power generation sector; and for more
specialist applications such as protecting engine
test cells, and within the vehicle manufacturing
industry generally. SAPPHIRE is also widely used to
protect ships' engine rooms and compartments
and has been installed successfully in hundreds of
boats and ships.

Installations around the world have shown
SAPPHIRE to have an acceptable footprint, the
lowest level of design concentration and the
highest safety margin of any viable Halon 1301 or
chemical alternative. The agent also has impressive
environmental credentials with zero ozone deplet-
ing potential and a remarkably low atmospheric
lifetime of just five days, compared with 107 years
for Halon 1301. SAPPHIRE has a global warming
potential of just "one", which means that 11,900
kilograms of the Novec 1230 fluid would have to
be released to have the same impact on climate
change as just one kilogramme of a typical

alternative HFC or hydrofluorocarbon.

SAPPHIRE'S fluid is stored in containers as a low
vapour pressure fluid that, when discharged,
transmutes into a colourless and odourless gas.
Unlike other fluid fire extinguishing agents, it can
be used with absolute confidence to suppress
fires involving electronic, computing or com-
munications equipment. Typical total flooding
applications use between 4.6% and 5.9% con-
centration by volume of the fluid for land-based
applications and, typically, a 5.5% concentration
for marine applications. This is well below the
agent's saturation or condensation level. After
discharge, the agent is dispersed through natural
ventilation, leaving no residue to damage sensitive
electronic equipment; it is also non-conductive and
non-corrosive.

While certain HFCs and inert gases are used at
design concentrations that are below the NOAEL
or No Observed Adverse Effect Level, with safety
margins from 7%, no other Halon alternative
comes anywhere close to the SAPPHIRE safety
margin.

SAPPHIRE has amassed a host of international
approvals including LPCB (Loss Prevention
Certification Board), FM (Factory Mutual) and UL
(Underwriters Laboratories) listing. Marine
approvals include MCA (Maritime & Coastguard
Agency); Germanischer Lloyd; DNV (Det Norske
Veritas); BV (Bureau Veritas); ABS (American
Bureau of Shipping); LRS (Lloyds Register of
Shipping) and MED (Marine Equipment Directive).
It is also complies with SOLAS (Safety of Life At
Sea), having successfully completed MSC
(Maritime Safety Committee) 848 testing. Its
credentials for marine applications have been
further endorsed by its recent winning of the
prestigious Seatrade Awards 2007 Safety at Sea
Award, sponsored by Lloyd's Register. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VIEWPOINT

Two fatal fires
in karaoke clubs

in 2007

Karaoke as a form of entertainment originated in Japan in the 1970s. The first
public karaoke performance was in Kobe, capital of the Hyogo Prefecture. By the
end of the 1 980s karaoke had become popular in many parts of the world,
karaoke venues in the form of 'karaoke clubs', 'karaoke bars', 'karaoke parlours'
By J. C. Jones anc | 'k^oke shops' having consequently proliferated.

Department of
Engineering
University of Aberdeen

j.c.jones@

eng.abdn.ac.uk

I n January 2007 there was a fire at a karaoke
shop in Takarazuka, also in the Hyogo Prefecture,
in which three teenagers died. At the karaoke
shop, which was on the second floor of the build-
ing of which it was a part, food and drink were on
sale to those participating in the entertainment.
The fire began at a frying pan containing cooking
oil. The female employee using it is alleged not to
have paid sufficient attention and was arrested on
a charge of professional negligence. In the
community debate on the matter, some of which
found its way on to the Web, 1 points outlined in
the following paragraph were made.

The victims were youngsters with almost all of
their adult lives in front of them, and this intensi-
fies the sense of tragedy. According to a local
newspaper the karaoke shop was a crudely
converted warehouse lacking fire safety features.
To what extent must the owner of the club take
moral and legal responsibility? The Tokyo Fire
Department in a comment on the accident in
Takarazuka stated that 60% of karaoke venues in
Japan are legally sub-standard in fire safety terms.

Much more grave still was the explosion at a
karaoke club at Tianshifu in the Liaoning province
of China in July 2007. The death toll stands at 25
and there were 33 serious injuries. Again the vic-
tims were young people, many of them seeking
recreation at the end of the school examination
period. This piece is being written less than a
month later and no cause of the explosion has been
given. It is however clear from pictures of the build-
ing after the accident (available on the Internet)
that there was a significant overpressure. In fact not
only the karaoke club where the accident originated
but also neighbouring buildings were affected by
the blast. What conjectures can we advance to
account for these observations? The most obvious
one is that LPG used for cooking was stored on the
premises and that sudden loss of containment of
this followed by ignition led to a fireball which, if
confined by walls, would have displayed significant
overpressure. From pictures of the scene previously
referred to, an experienced fire investigator would
conclude that overpressures had been of the order
of 0.1 bar. A hydrocarbon explosion, especially if
confined, can cause overpressures of this magni-
tude which are sufficient not only for structural
damage to buildings but also for fatal injuries to

persons. With what paucity of information there
currently is in relation to the explosion at the
Karaoke centre in Liaoning we can cautiously suggest
that overpressure rather than heat was the lethal
factor. This is consistent not only with the obser-
vation stated previously that neighbouring buildings
were affected but also with the tragic fact that a
passing motorist and a passing motorcyclist were
amongst the dead. That a hydrocarbon explosion
can by reason of its overpressure overturn a vehicle
weighing a ton or more is well documented.

In summing up, the fire in the Japanese
Karaoke facility had an obvious cause, though
questions in relation to conformity of the building
to fire safety practices and in relation to legal
responsibility remain. In the case of the karaoke

with what paucity of
information there currently is
in relation to the explosion at
the Karaoke centre in Liaoning
we can cautiously suggest that
overpressure rather than heat
was the lethal factor.

fire in China we do not even know what ignitable
substance caused it, but there is strong evidence
from accounts of the incident that the destructive
factor was overpressure. LPG leakage has been
suggested, but an explosion involving natural gas
or fuel gas manufactured from coal could have
produced the same degree of overpressure.

A social factor will conclude this article. Very
many residents of the Japanese capital Tokyo live
in small apartments and do not want to spend too
much of their leisure time in them. There is
accordingly a significant proportion of residents, as
opposed to visitors, amongst the participants in
Tokyo's night life. Such residents are imperilled
when thus seeking diversions locally if fire safety at
facilities like karaoke bars is sub-standard. EEQ

Reference

1 . http://www.japantoday.com/jp/news/39671 6/all

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Under the Patronage of
H.E. Sheikh Rashid bin Abdulla A1 Khalifa
Minister of the Interior

Serving the Middle East fire industry

Bahrain International Exhibition Centre
Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
9-13 December 2007

Saving lives in the Middle East

Whether saving the lives of civilians in danger, or keeping members of the fire-
fighting team alive as they strive to get a dangerous situation under control -
saving lives is the most important consideration.

The Fire Department Instructors Conference (FDIC Bahrain) helps fire-fighters in
the Middle East, at all levels, save lives in three key areas: experience, knowledge
and equipment.

FDIC Bahrain is the leading exhibition and conference for fire-fighters and fire
industry professionals in the Middle East:

• The exhibition will showcase the latest equipment, products
and services that enable the fire professionals do their job.

• The conference provides classroom based learning that gives
fire-fighters the most up-to date knowledge on how to fight fires

Learn new techniques

Develop your knowledge

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Increase your skills and knowledge and learn from an international team of
experts at FDIC Bahrain 2007.

Fi.O.T. modules and Workshop session places are limited - Register Early!

Saving lives is what fire fighting is all about...

www.fdicbahrain.com

“Never before has the region witnessed an
experience that offered the Fire Industry
hands-on training, workshops, conference and
exhibition - all at one event, over one week.”

For further information and booking details
please visit www.fdicbahrainxom

Owned and produced by: Co-hosted by:

Co-organised by: Platinum Sponsor: Gold Sponsor:

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Bronze Sponsor:

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FIRE FIGHTER Khaleej (Times

Ministry of the Interior

ASM*Sr\rHu\

There's no point ...

...biting your nails
over it!

Time to be decisive. Fire can devastate your life, your ’
business, your world in seconds. So why take such an
unnecessary risk? It simply isn't worth the worry.

They might save your nails some wear and tear, too.

For further information, please contact: Tyco Safety Products,
Burlingham House, Hewett Road, Gapton Hall Industrial Estate,
Great Yarmouth, Norfolk NR31 ONN.

Tel: +44 (0)1493 417600
Fax: +44 (0)1493 417700
E-mail: tspmarketing.emea@tycoint.com
Web: www.macron-safety.com

ti/ca Fire &

/ Security

a vita! part of your world

Sapphire is a trademark of a subsidiary of Tyco Holdings (UK) Ltd. 3M and Novec are registered
trade marks of 3M Company. Copyright ©A subsidiary of Tyco Holdings (UK) Ltd.

GAS SUPPRESSION

By John Allen

EMEA Marketing
Director, Tyco Safety
Products, Fire
Suppression Group

Caseous
Suppression
Systems and The
Environmental
Challenge

With businesses survival becoming ever more dependant on the performance of
critical assets, their protection from fire remains high on the corporate agenda.
So says John Allen, EMEA Marketing Director for Tyco Safety Products, Fire
Suppression Group. Here he looks at the different types of gaseous suppression
systems on the market and assesses the way in which the need for effective fire
safety is balanced against environmental concerns.

B usiness continuity, crisis management and
disaster recovery planning are terms with
which we are all becoming increasingly
familiar. At any one time, there seems to be a
major conference taking place somewhere around
the world addressing one key issue - how to
ensure that the business survives a major disaster.

While this has always been a concern for
businesses, their increasing dependency on com-
munication and computer technology has shifted
the fire protection attention away from assets
generally. Today the concern is very definitely
focused on safeguarding those assets that have
the potential to debilitate or possibly destroy the
business if they fall victim to fire.

Just about every type of business is affected.
Banks and other financial institutions face a total
inability to conduct financial transactions; call
centres, upon which many insurance, travel and
retail businesses now depend, risk being put out
of operation; and offshore oil and gas platforms
are confronted with the prospect of Smillions in
lost revenue for every day a production platform is
out of commission. Merchant shipping safety is
jeopardised if fire breaks out in an engine
compartment or control room; even a country's
defence is compromised if a strategic command
centre is damaged or destroyed by fire.

However, this increasing dependence on IT
infrastructures and the need to protect computer

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

GAS SUPPRESSION

suites, telecommunications centres, data storage
facilities and control centres has occurred at a time
when society has placed unprecedented impor-
tance on protecting the global environment. So,
while the now banned Halon 1301 proved to
be extremely effective as a firefighting agent,
environmental concerns were enough to consign it
to the firefighting history books. It was followed
by a number of other suppressants that ultimately
also failed to win over the environmental lobby.

Several factors need to be considered when
selecting the most appropriate suppression system.
These include the nature of the asset that is being
protected; whether the location is occupied; and
what space is available for suppressant storage.
Increasingly nowadays, the company's policy
regarding environmental issues also has to be
added, as does its attitude to long-term sustain-
ability. The overall picture though is that the mar-
ket now demands reliable, genuinely sustainable,
environmentally acceptable and long-term fire
suppression solutions.

Essentially, there are three gaseous fire suppres-
sion options that warrant consideration: inert gas
systems; chemical suppression systems; and C0 2 .

The inert gas option

The scientists' initial response to the need for alter-
natives to ozone-depleting agents resulted in the
unveiling of a number of often, as it transpired,
prematurely heralded options. These Halocarbon
alternatives comprised Halon-like compounds.
Some proved effective and were adopted by the
fire industry and building occupiers, while others
failed due to their inefficiency or toxicity.

Against this scenario, inert gas suppression has
grown in popularity, as it answers the global
warming challenge. Inert gas systems have precisely
the environmental credentials that the market is
seeking: zero ozone depletion potential, zero
atmospheric lifetime, and zero global warming
potential. They are also a truly sustainable "clean"

fire suppression technology. Inert gases are
non-toxic, they will not harm sensitive electronic
equipment, art treasures or documents, and are
safe to use in enclosed areas where people may be
working.

While some inert gas systems use a single
naturally occurring gas, most are a non-conductive
and non-corrosive blend of naturally occurring
gases, such as a combination of Nitrogen and
Argon. They have a similar density to air, so the
protected space retains its concentration far longer
than was the case with the now-banned Halon
1301. Inert gases work by lowering the oxygen
content of the protected area to a point that will
not support combustion, but is sufficient to sustain
human life. Their appeal for use in occupied
spaces is further enhanced, as the gases are
invisible and so do not obscure vision, which might
otherwise make panic more likely among the room
occupants.

However, their downside is that inert gas
systems do demand substantially more space to
store the suppressant. An inert gas installation
typically takes up to seven times the space of a
comparable Halon 1301 installation.

But, to organisations specifying that a non-
chemical suppressant is of overriding importance,
inert gas systems are an attractive option.
Nevertheless, there is clearly also a strong desire in
the market for an acceptable chemical fire extin-
guishing agent; one that combines the advantages
of the early Halon-like alternatives with the
environmental profile of the inert gas systems.

The chemical system solution

An inevitable consequence of the signing of the
Montreal Protocol was that Halon installations
around the world had to be replaced with alter-
native systems, and the desire for long-term
sustainability became a key driver.

At the heart of this issue is the Kyoto Protocol
(or to give it its full title, the Kyoto Protocol to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change) that has, as its goal, the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions, preventing dangerous
anthropogenic - man-made - interference with
the climate system. It is targeting a basket of
six gases: carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous
oxide, along with three long-life industrial gases:

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

GASEOUS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE

GAS SUPPRESSION

Hydrofluorocarbons - more popularly know as
HFCs - Perfluorocarbons and Sulphur Hexafluoride.

Hydrofluorocarbons were initially considered to
be an acceptable option following the Halon
phase-out but, in addition to now being listed in
the Kyoto Protocol's basket of undesirable gases,
they all have global warming potential. Certainly
they do not have the "clean" credentials of the
latest generation of chemical suppression agents.
HFCs though certainly assisted the Halon phase-
out programme and helped in the transition away
from ozone-depleting substances.

One way in which this need for environmental
acceptability has been met is with the introduction
of a fluid-based system that uses sustainable,
long-term technology that not only meets today's
legislative requirements, it also meets all of those
in the foreseeable future. It utilises new technology
and has several major advantages over other
Halon alternatives.

It is a high performance fire-extinguishing agent
that has a negligible impact on the environment
and is designed to protect essential and delicate
telecommunications and data processing equip-
ment, plus it has applications within the cultural
heritage sector protecting artefacts that would
otherwise be destroyed by water from traditional
sprinkler systems. It has an insignificant global
warming potential, lower than any of the
halocarbon agents acceptable for use in occupied
spaces.

When discharged, it leaves nothing behind to
damage sensitive electronic equipment or docu-
ments, and with no agent clean-up required,
business critical installations can be back in
operation in the shortest possible time. Similarly,
priceless historic manuscripts do not have to be
subjected to years of painstaking and expensive
restoration work.

Carbon dioxide systems

Surprisingly perhaps, there are those that, mis-
takenly, question the use of C0 2 because of its
connotation with global warming, the international
desire to reduce C0 2 emissions, and its inclusion in
the Kyoto Protocol's basket of gases. This mis-
understands the difference between C0 2 that
occurs naturally in the atmosphere, and the
large quantities of undesirable C0 2 emitted as a
by-product of many industrial processes.

The C0 2 used as a firefighting suppressant is
extracted from a number of natural C0 2 producing
processes, and is then stored until it is needed. So,
its use in fire suppression systems actually results
in a net removal of C0 2 from the environment.
In any event, its use in fire protection is incon-
sequential when compared with the potential
emissions damage caused by an uncontrolled fire,
or the C0 2 belched-out by many industrial
processes.

However, C0 2 is most certainly not suitable for
total flooding applications in normally occupied
rooms or enclosures, as its discharge in fire extin-
guishing concentrations would be lethal to room
occupants. C0 2 does however continue to be a
popular and versatile choice for total flooding of
unoccupied enclosed areas. An essential con-
sideration though is to ensure that the flooded
areas are adequately ventilated after discharge
of the C0 2 to prevent the accidental exposure of
personnel to dangerous levels of C0 2 when

investigating the cause of the discharge. Because
it is one-and- a-half times heavier than air, C0 2
tends to collect at low level and in under-floor
ducts.

One particularly attractive feature of C0 2 is that
it can be compressed into a liquid state which,
when maintained under pressure, requires a smaller
storage footprint than many other gaseous
suppression agents. This can be of particular
importance to city-centre-based organisations,
where high rental costs mean that available floor
space if frequently limited. Additionally, as C0 2
has so many other commercial uses, refills are
readily available throughout the world.

The new suppression paradigm

The contribution made by the discharge of
environmentally damaging gaseous fire sup-
pression systems, is dismissed by some as being
inconsequential. After all, they argue, they are
primarily used to protect business critical assets
and are believed to account for little more than
three percent of the market. While this may well
be true, the move to ban or at least penalise the
use of environmentally unacceptable agents -
perhaps through taxation - is unlikely to subside.

Additionally, following the demise of Halon
1301 and the forced decommissioning of Halon
suppression systems, the business community is
focused on adopting sustainable solutions. Such
solutions are also rightly seen as perhaps the only
way of more effectively managing the world's
resources and reducing waste. EEQ

John Allen is EMEA
Marketing Director for Tyco
Safety Products, Fire
Suppression Group. Fie can
be contacted by telephone on
+44 (0) 1493 417600, by fax
on +44 (0) 1493 417700,
or via email at
tspmarketing.emea@
tycoint.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Foam fire fighting systems
we f ve got it covered

When quick reactions under extreme stress are
needed, it matters that the tools to deliver are both
unquestionably reliable and specifically designed for
the task. If you fight fire fast with the right combination
of product and delivery system, you can save lives,
critical assets and scarce resources.

In short Skum has it covered.

Typical high risk applications

• Petro-chemical - Oil terminal;

Storage tank protection; Bund protection

• Marine - Tankers; Machinery spaces;
Ferries; Offshore support and

Fire fighting vessels

• Aviation - Hangars; Helidecks;

Crash vehicles

Industry - Sprinkler
systems; Foam spray deluge
systems; Medium/high
expansion foam systems

Power Generating Plants -

Transformers; Cable tunnels;
Conveyors; Coal bunkers

Systems for aircraft hangars

Systems for high risk sites

HotFoam™ systems for
enclosed areas

Skum 70 years of exceptional reliability

For further information, please contact:
Tyco Safety Products,

Le Pooleweg 5, 2314 XT Leiden, Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0)71 5419 415 Fax: +31 (0)71 5417 330
E-mail: tspmarketing.emea@tycoint.com
Web: www.skum.com

tijca

1 Fire &
Security

Pic courtesy of Angus
Fire

By Michael Mills

Angus Fire

The Evolution of
the Foam Top
Poorer

As flammable liquid storage tank fires continue to make spectacular headlines
around the world, the latest foam top pourer technology is enabling tank farm
operators to "unspectacularly" nip them in the bud!

I nstalled on the side walls of fixed-roof (cone)
and covered (internal) floating roof storage
tanks, Top Pourer Sets (TPS) or Foam Chambers
are designed to cover flammable hydrocarbon or
water miscible liquids with low expansion foam for
fire extinguishment or vapour suppression. They
have the advantage over ground-based monitors
of directing all their foam directly onto the
flammable liquid surface regardless of weather
conditions.

The first TPS was developed over thirty years
ago, comprising a foam generator, vapour seal box
and foam pourer. The foam generator made foam
by introducing air into a foam solution stream that
was delivered to the TPS in a variety of ways. Foam
solution piping coupled to the unit was linked to a
fixed foam proportioning system, or terminated a
safe distance from the tank where it was linked to
mobile foam proportioning equipment. The inlet
of the TPS was fitted with a venturi jet designed to
draw air into the foam solution stream through a
series of holes located around the foam generator.
Obstruction of the air inlet holes by nesting birds
and insects was prevented on some models by a
stainless steel screen.

The aerated foam then passed into a vapour
seal box, which improved the quality of the foam
and reduced its velocity prior to discharge on to
the product surface. It was fitted with a frangible
glass bursting disc or vapour seal located across
the inlet to the discharge pipe. This prevented the
escape of product vapours to the atmosphere. The
flow of expanded foam ruptured the vapour seal
at a pre-determined pressure, allowing the foam
to enter the tank through a foam pourer.

Gently does it

The next generation of TPS was a less bulky and
more cost-efficient design. It achieved this by
adding to the vapour seal box a mechanical agita-
tion mesh device or "improver" that was specially
designed to produce top quality foam by optimis-
ing its expansion and drainage characteristics.

An even more important development was a
new method of applying the foam on to the
fuel surface. As the foam exited the pourer, it
impacted a special deflector plate fitted to the
outlet which directed the flow back against
the inner tank shell wall in a butterfly-shaped
dispersion pattern. This made the foam run down

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

TOP POURER SETS

THE EVOLUTION OF THE FOAM TOP POURER

the tank shell and flow gently on to the fuel
surface, reducing the amount of foam submer-
gence and fuel pick-up. This is an important
consideration, especially with water miscible fuels.
It also dispersed the foam to each side of the TPS
for faster and more complete coverage. Applying
the foam gently in this way is classified as Type II
application by NFPA and Underwriters Laboratories
as opposed to the forceful Type III application of
ground-based foam monitors. It increases the
effectiveness of the foam blanket, resulting in
more efficient operation and superior extinguishing
performance.

Maintenance matters

An early innovation in TPS design was warmly
welcomed by safety maintenance engineers. A test
cover was introduced at the rear of the unit, which
for the first time enabled the unit to be tested
without foam entering the storage tank. Now-
adays a more easily accessible cover on top of the
unit combined with an exclusive location of
bursting disc provides even quicker and easier
access. The top cover also facilitates regular
inspection and periodic replacement of the burst-
ing disc. The latest models offer top plate access
with only four bolts and a captive cover plate. The
four bolts swing away to allow the lid to pivot,
giving access without the risk of any components
being lost or falling from the unit and saving
valuable time during maintenance inspections.

Fixing kits

Special TPS fixing kits are available that make
installation much easier. They enable a TPS to be
fitted safely and quickly from outside the tank,
completely eliminating the need for hazardous,
time-consuming and expensive welding work.
They typically consist of a studded adaptor flange
that is bolted and sealed to the tank before the
TPS unit is mounted on to the protruding studs
and secured in position. The use of fixing kits min-
imises the installation time for each unit, and also
forms an even tighter seal against tank curvature
on small diameter tanks.

The latest TPS models also offer flexible mount-
ing dimensions. The length of the foam dispersal
tube projecting into the tank interior can be speci-
fied by the system designer to accommodate site

specific mounting arrangements. The standard or
minimum length of the foam dispersal tube is
designed for pourers mounted directly on to the
tank wall and positions the deflector plate at
the optimum position inside the tank to spread the
foam evenly around the interior. Where pourers
have to be mounted on flanges away from the
tank outer wall the dispersal tube length can be
increased to allow the deflector plate to be in the
optimum position inside the tank.

Pressurised tanks

Most TPS units today are designed for tanks where
the internal pressures do not exceed 0.17 bar
(2.5 psi). Where the tank is pressurised, for
example with a nitrogen inerted blanket, or where
high internal tank pressures up to 0.34 bar (5 psi)
may be experienced during normal operation, a
special type of TPS is recommended. It features
a thick high pressure glass bursting disc and
a unique valve arrangement. One-way flaps over
the air intakes ensure the full pressure of the foam
solution entering the unit is applied to the
bursting disc to ensure it ruptures during an
emergency, while allowing for variations in internal
tank pressure during normal operation.

Precision control

The latest TPS models feature bursting discs fabri-
cated from impregnated graphite instead of glass
for precision control of the bursting pressure.
Graphite ensures that the disc will burst when
subjected to the pressure of foam entering the top
chamber but will not burst or leak during normal
tank operations such as filling and discharging.
The use of graphite enables the bursting pressure
to be held within tolerances of +/-0.05 bar
(+/-0.75 psi). This is almost four times better than
achieved with glass discs.

In addition, improvements to the design of
the disc holder and the use of an "O" ring
seal allow the graphite disc to be replaced quickly
and easily without changing the holder. The use of
an "0" ring also mean that no adhesive (which
may be susceptible to attack by the tank contents)
is required to hold the disc in the holder. Graphite
is highly inert and so temperature-resistant and
compatible with a wide range of corrosive
chemicals.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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TOP POURER SETS

THE EVOLUTION OF THE FOAM TOP POURER

Pic courtesy of Angus
Fire

Michael Mills is Product
Manager at Angus Fire
responsible for the global
marketing of the company's
wide range of engineered
products including foam-
making equipment. Angus
Fire is part of UTC Fire &
Security, which provides fire
safety and security solutions
to more than one million
customers around the world
and is headquartered at
Connecticut, USA.

Top hats

To provide precise control over the ratio of foam
and air, the latest TPS designs are fitted with a
special top hat orifice plate assembly. Each orifice is
specifically designed to allow the correct amount of
foam solution into the foam-making tube after
taking into account the supply pressure at the inlet
flange, the foam type and concentration. In addi-
tion, a stainless steel sleeve above the orifice blocks
off part of the air inlet duct ensuring the amount
of air drawn into the foam generator is correct for
the quantity of foam solution supplied. The unique
combination of orifice and sleeve ensure that
optimum foam expansion is achieved at every
pourer and that optimum use is made of the foam.

Choice of foam

TPS units are compatible with all the main types of
foam concentrate. While AFFF and FFFP are used
in some instances, independent tests have shown

Developed by the world's
leading oil companies, the
lastfire foam test is
specifically designed to
simulate large storage tank
fires and subject foams to the
most rigorous scrutiny

FluoroProtein, AR-AFFF and AR-FFFP to provide the
best performance. The important point is to make
sure your foam comes with a LASTFIRE certificate.
Developed by the world's leading oil companies,
the LASTFIRE foam test is specifically designed to

simulate large storage tank fires and subject foams
to the most rigorous scrutiny. Some LASTFIRE
certificated foams, such as Angus Tankmaster,
have been specially developed to extinguish large
storage tank fires involving hydrocarbons. Its
FluoroProtein-based bubble structure provides
exceptional resistance to heat, enabling it to pass
through flames, impact on hot fuel and move over
the burning liquid surfaces. Its bubble walls are
tough enough to seal against even the hottest
tank shells, and even under a torrent of cooling
water its foam blanket remains in tact. Similarly
Alcohol Resistant foams like Angus Tridol ATF are
ideal where polar solvent chemicals are stored.

Chamber of horrors

The importance of incorporating TPS units into a
properly engineered foam system cannot be over-
stated. Systems should be designed in accordance
with the NFPA 1 1 Standard using TPS models Listed
by Underwriters Laboratories. TPS units are avail-
able in a broad range of sizes to suit most require-
ments. Typical capacities range from 75 to 3,300
litres/minute at inlet pressures between 2.5 and 10
bar. Each unit should be accurately factory-
calibrated to provide specified flow rates at the
required system operating pressures. This will
ensure effective and cost-efficient use of foam
concentrate and water resources when installed
on new tanks or retrofitted to existing tanks
during refurbishment. If TPS units are constructed
from the latest heat-resistant materials and engi-
neered to the highest standards, then they can be
relied on to tough it out under even the most
gruelling and adverse fire conditions. What should
be avoided is a "chamber of horrors" that is
difficult to install and maintain, does not make
efficient use of water and foam resources and uses
vapour seals that burst prematurely during no rmal
tank operations. EE9

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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THERMAL IMAGING

Pic courtesy of Sage
Technology

By Wes Sheridan

Sage Technology

The Future of
Thermal imaging
Technology

To get a glimpse into the future and understand the path that the Thermal
Imaging Camera (TIC) and its technology will traverse, one must first take a brief
look at how and why we have arrived at the current state of the technology.

H istorically the predominant development and
application of the TIC has evolved out of the
efforts by the military to function during the
night, and by those organizations concerned with
observing phenomena in outer space. The first
equipment to reach the user was very large, very
costly and had poor performance by today's
standards. Only governments and research institu-
tions could afford to participate meaningfully in
the thermal imaging arena. The issues, in addition
to cost, were all about size, weight, power and
performance.

It is not a whole lot different today. But the
scope of the issues has changed as has the order
of importance, and the extent of influence each
has in affecting the applications of interest. These
issues are about the technology as well as the
applications.

Let us first examine the directions of the
technology.

Technology Overview: It is essential to discuss
the technology highlights because the technology
issues practically dictate the directions the future
TIC will evolve. Besides, you are already confronted
with the basics of the technology - it is the

favorite means that marketing uses to convince
you that their product is the better choice. Let's
take a brief look at the major technology factors
(no, you won't need an engineering degree to
understand this).

It is not just the sensors

Just about any marketing conversation and prod-
uct brochure will be quick to reference the sensor
technology (eg. Vanadium oxide, Amorphous
silicon, etc), the focal plane array (detector) format
(160x120 pixels, 320x240 pixels, etc), the thermal
sensitivity (dOOmK) and typically the spectral
response (eg. 7-1 4pm).

So what does this mean? Probably not nearly as
much as marketing wants you to believe that it
means. If the camera performs and provides
acceptable imagery, has good reliability and fits
the budget, these details diminish in importance.
For military type applications where the perfor-
mance is always trying to be advanced, these
issues translate into longer ranges, higher quality
imagery and improved dynamic response. There is
a penalty for these performance improvements
consisting primarily of higher costs, increased

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

THERMAL IMAGING

THE FUTURE OF THERMAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

Pic courtesy of Sage
Technology

power consumption and typically size and weight
penalties. For firefighter type applications the
advancement of technology has less impact. Once
you can see in the dark and through smoke, not
much real advantage is accrued to a sharper image
that is still being viewed through a scratched and
fogged air mask, and with beads of perspiration
irritating your eyes.

Once the basic performance has been achieved,

"good enough is best of all" capability takes on
real meaning. At this point the focus needs to be
directed to:

• make the unit smaller

• make it lighter

• make it work longer

• make it cost less!

• add functionality without impacting any of the
above parameters

It is also about the electronics and
software

The sensor technology has continued to progress
to yield camera imagery that can appear nearly as
dramatic as black and white video. This has
happened with a lot of help from the electronic
hardware and software that controls the sensor
and processes the sensor data to yield the display
image. As the electronics have shrunk to reduce
size, weight and power consumption, they have
also greatly increased in capacity and functionality
to support larger and more powerful image
processing programs. These advances in software
for the TIC not only provide displayed imagery of
unparalleled quality, but they can also deliver
imagery from poorer performing sensors that is

One must look at the other
parameters that go into the
performance equation and
judge the overall unit
performance with respect to
the needs of the user. That is
the real issue.

perceived to be superior to that which can be
obtained from more costly and higher performing
sensors.

Naturally this contradicts some of the early
marketing hype pertaining to the sensor format
such as; "a 320x240 pixel array has superior
performance to a 160x120 array". Of course it can
have superior performance, but not necessarily.
One must look at the other parameters that go
into the performance equation and judge the
overall unit performance with respect to the needs
of the user. That is the real issue.

There are presently a number of manufacturers
of the sensor core that go into TIC applications,
and there are a least four different technologies of

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

types of sensors. There are also other companies
that are pursuing new technologies for the sensor,
and advanced development of the electronics and
software. These efforts may be expected to
continue to improve the camera performance and
yield innovative features such as expanded
temperature ranges and elimination of the need
for FPA shuttering.

Technology Summary: The end result of the
technological advances both historically and in the
immediate future, will be the sustained improve-
ment in overall performance, the reduction in size,
weight and power consumption by the camera
core, and a continuing reduction in the cost of
the core that will level off at a plateau to be
determined by the number of manufacturers, the
intricacies of their respective technologies and the
volume of cores produced. The specialized nature

There are presently a number of
manufacturers of the sensor
core that go into TIC
applications, and there are a
least four different technologies
of types of sensors.

of the cameras will inherently limit the number of
cameras produced, but the core cost could reach
the range such that TIC's could be produced and
sold for $4000 to $5000 in the next few years.
This would be a fully functional high performance
unit, not the "fire sale" version (no pun intended)
that is occasionally seen today when manufactur-
ers purge old technology units.

What if l don't care about the
technology?

If the advances in TIC technology do not hold
significant interest for you, it is enough to know
that these advances will over time reduce the cost,
size, and weight of the cameras while providing
for improvements in performance. But there are
practical limits to which these advances can reach.

Cost reduction will play a significant role in the
future direction of the TIC over the next decade.
As the end user cost dips below $5000 and
eventually below $4000, the TIC begins to take on
the character of being part of the firefighter's
personal protective equipment. The increased
availability and use of the TIC is already resulting in
the adaptation and modifications of practices and
procedures to better utilize the tools available. As
experience is gained and confidence increases, the
user community will innovate and discover new
and more effective means to save lives and proper-
ty, and improve safety for themselves and their
communities. It is interesting to note that the
reports from organizations where each member of
the team is equipped with a TIC indicate that
migration from old methods to new and inno-
vative methods virtually starts on its own. When
each member of a search team is equipped with a
TIC, search times are greatly reduced and the safety
of the firefighter and rescue victims is increased.

The most interesting futures for the TIC may be
found in the new configurations and applications,

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

THERMAL IMAGING

THE FUTURE OF THERMAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

Pic courtesy of Sage
Technology

Integrated Personnel Protection System

(To Command Center)

Mission Packages

Physio Sensors
Temperature
Chem Hazards
Air Pressure

G PS/Track

As Required

Transmitter/

Receiver

IRA/ideo

Camera

Wireless
1
l

Data/Imagery

1 1

Controller

(yldeo/Data)

Wireless

Display

Electronics Integration Platform

Sage Technology is a

systems development and
integration company
specializing in advanced
development sensor systems
for industry and the military.
Sage has developed both
hand held and helmet
mounted "hands-free"
thermal imaging camera
systems for advanced
technology evaluation, and
for commercial production
applications including
firefighter TICs. Sage has
experience with virtually
every type of detector
technology and with many of
the suppliers of the sensor
technologies found in
contemporary TICs.

rather then in the basic functions of the TIC. These
new applications have gained increasing interest
and support in the last several years, and there
are initiatives in process to expand the role of
technology in the development of the "digital
firefighter concept". The "digital firefighter
concept" will bring together the various sensors
and disp lays/indicators into a simple integrated
system. The TIC is an integral element of the
advancing technology applications in part because
it supports two significant features; 1) the incor-
poration of wireless capability to support data and
imagery transfer, and 2) the ability it affords the
user to display both thermal imagery and vital
safety information. Both capabilities are funda-
mental to realize the migration to a digital
firefighter. And when constrained by standardized
means to format, communicate and display data
and imagery, the path to the development and
integration of new systems and capabilities
becomes less costly and less burdensome to the
firefighter if all of his attention can be directed to
a single display for routine and emergency infor-
mation as well as imagery. Wireless based systems
supporting position location, building layout,
remaining air supply or team member health
emergency status could be communicated and dis-
played as integral elements with the TIC imagery.

Some of the most dramatic and exciting paths
for the TIC will be found in the methods of
integration of the unit with other firefighter
systems and subsystems. Sage is presently devel-
oping an Integrated Personal Protection System
(IPPS) that integrates the sensor data from physio-
logical sensors, chemical and biological sensors
and radiological detection sensors into the wireless
communications network of a First Responder.
Both sensor data and IR camera imagery are
presented on the TIC display, as well as being

transmitted to an Incident Commander's control
console. The basic TIC function is retained much as
it is in today's systems. But in the integrated
environment more systems and subsystems can be
monitored and managed by the firefighter/first
responder, thus amplifying the capability and
effectivity of the user. An example of the integrated
display environment is depicted below.

The TIC may also undergo some radical recon-
figuration to better accommodate the user of the
future. Although a sensor/camera is required to
capture the image, and a display is required to
present the imagery, they do not necessarily have
to be located in the same place. Low cost and low
power transmitter/receiver modules could readily
allow the camera and display to be remote from
each other, affording the TIC a variety of new
options. A flexible display on an air mask or face
shield could be driven by a hand held or helmet
mounted camera. Or the hand held camera could
drive helmet brim mounted displays on a number
of team member's helmets. The camera could be
configured like a small flashlight that could also be
bracket mounted to a helmet, thus blurring the
lines between hands-free and hand held cameras.
The associated display could be snapped onto the
helmet brim, the flashlight itself, or drive a small
modular display inside the air mask. The options
are numerous and the user will be able to select
the best fit for the application.

The technology is already mature enough to
meet the needs of the first responder community.
It works and works well. Over time the costs will
decline somewhat, and the size decrease will help
determine new implementations. However, the
application innovations and the integration
approaches will be the primary fuel that powers
the transition to the next generation of the rmal
imaging cameras. ESQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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The Safety Company

By Larry Digney

MSA

New Technology
SCBA - A Giant

Step Forward

Ready for Action

The fire-fighter clocks on for his duty and dresses in his station clothes before
conducting the pre-watch checks of his gear including his advanced new
generation Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) in the fire appliance
jump seat.

W hen he gets to the truck he takes the
Personal Monitoring and Signal Device
that is attached to the right shoulder
strap of the SCBA and presses the green button
on the top left corner. Whilst holding down the
button the LCD screen lights up and a small data
icon appears on the screen. He takes his personal
issue Identification Tag from his belt and holds it
on top of the Personal Monitoring and Signal
Device, it beeps and the light goes out.

The fire-fighter's personal identification details
are now logged into the Telemetry Integrated
Control Module.

After completing all his checks and starting his
normal duties the fire emergency siren sounds and
he is paged with his team to his vehicle to attend
a large building fire in the city. As he swings into
his seat, he attaches his SCBA harness and waits

until he arrives at the fire site. Upon arrival he
leaves the vehicle wearing his SCBA. His com-
mander tells him to prepare to team up with his
partner and enter the building to search for
possible victims with his new High Definition
Thermal Imaging Camera. The commander opens
the cover on the Tablet PC Base Station and
pushes a single button to switch it on.

The fire-fighter opens his SCBA cylinder valve
and the system is pressurized. Without another
action by anyone a complete historical record of all
events from here on has been activated. There is a
beep on the fire-fighter's Integrated Control
Module (ICM) as it springs to life after being
activated by a radio signal received from the
Backplate Transmitter on the fire-fighter's SCBA.

The fire-fighter starts to breathe from the SCBA
and enters the fire scene to search for possible

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEW GENERATION SCBA

missing people. Before a minute has lapsed the
fire-fighter's details have been received on the
command centre's Base Station Screen and they
are automatically placed into his team with his
partner. His name, team identification details,
cylinder pressure and minutes to low pressure
warning alarm are available on the screen. This
information is updated every thirty seconds based
on the previous three minutes of air consumption.
No action is required by anyone for this to occur.

For the first three minutes of breathing the
pressure of the cylinder is visible on the Base
Station Screen but after that the minutes to low
pressure warning activation are shown.

His buddy stops to listen and doesn't move for
20 seconds and his Personal Monitoring and
Signal Device starts to beep to remind him that it
is also a personal motion alarm, a slight movement
by him and the beeping ceases. They move on but
the commander is now concerned that the
building has deteriorated to a dangerous state and
he wants to evacuate the team.

He seeks the evacuation icon on the screen and
activates it. He is asked by the computer "ARE
YOU SURE?" He clicks yes and the evacuation
signal is immediately sent. He sees the identifica-
tion markers on the screen that confirm that the
signal was successfully sent and received by the
Personal Monitoring and Signal Device. Inside
the deteriorating building the two team member's
Personal Monitoring and Signal Devices burst into
alarm and both fire-fighters look at their screens.
The signal is un-mistakenly clear . . . evacuate.
They cancel the alarm by pressing the yellow
button on the side of the Personal Monitoring and
Signal Devices twice. The alarm sound ceases but
the evacuation icon remains on the screen. The
commander can see that both fire-fighters have
received the signal because the screen identifier

showing that they have cancelled their alarms is
now visible.

30 seconds later the two fire-fighters success-
fully exit the building just before the roof collapses
and a catastrophe is avoided.

All data relating to cylinder activation, com-
mencement of breathing time, air consumption
rate, temperature, alarm activation time and type
of alarm are all recorded in the Personal
Monitoring and Signal Devices and in the Base
Station.

Historical Perspective

Since the introduction of Self Contained Breathing
Apparatus in the 1950's there has been steady
progress towards achieving the ultimate outcomes
associated with its use. First there was the require-
ment for delivery of enough breathable air at a
stable pressure with a suitable flow rate to allow
a single user to operate comfortably in toxic and
dangerous atmospheres without air starvation.

The slow progress in achieving suitable
pneumatic performance can be traced to the
requirement for designers and manufacturers to
achieve a suitable return on their investment and
because it was occurring in the heady days before
computer aided design and elaborate test
equipment and protocols came along to make
advancement and development easier.

When real performance upgrades eventually
started to provide sufficient air for one operator to
breathe comfortably then progress began towards
the advent of second mask attachments so that
two operators could breathe comfortably.

The exponential technological growth potential
increased throughout the late 1980s and early
1990s with positive pressure becoming almost
mandatory and flow rate minimums increasing to
300 Ipm and then to 450 Ipm. Light weight

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEW TECHNOLOGY SCBA - A GIANT STEP FORWARD

fibreglass covered cylinders came and were soon made
redundant by the carbon fibre composite revolution. By
the end of the 1990s things were looking up for the
users of SCBA with light weight materials, superior
performance and only minor technical barriers between
what was available and what was deemed necessary for
the ultimate SCBA.

A Great Leap Forward

That was the cue for manufacturers to stand up to the
plate and take the lead in the revolution of SCBA into the
21st century. The new generation designs appeared in 2003
and the future of SCBA was suddenly here. In a flurry of
technological advances, technicians around the globe
designed and manufactured the first truly user friendly Self
Contained Breathing Apparatus with fully functional automatic
telemetry capabilities, full integrated ergonomics in the carrier
system and new innovations in the pneumatics.

In one tremendous step forward for emergency workers, who
operate in some of the most hostile environments on earth, the next
generation protection is available today.

The new generation designs are based on revolutionary SCBA with
improved pneumatics technology that provides over 500 Ipm of air flow for two users
with positive pressure protection and all new pressure reducers which now provide a
staggering 9 year overhaul period.

One pressure reducer design incorporates a patented single air-hose providing both
high pressure (HP) and low pressure (LP) air service in
the same hose. That hose is directed up through a
protective channel in the multi functional
back-plate and over the left shoulder to the air
distribution block which is located on the users
left chest.

The air distribution block at the end of the
integrated high and low pressure air-hose houses
the two safety couplings to cater for two
demand valve hoses, the high pressure gauge
and the low pressure warning whistle. A
secondary analogue gauge is included in the
system even though there is also a digital gauge
integrated into the telemetry system.

Demand valve models include unique hemi-
spherical shape designs that allow emergency
service workers who operate with fire fighting or
safety gloves to handle the control knob with
ease. The demand valve is attached to the full face
mask via a patented self centring docking system.
The docking system allows gloved hands to easily
locate and dock the demand valve onto the mask. In
another user friendly feature the demand valve switches
from positive pressure to the park position as it is removed from the mask without
operating any additional buttons or levers.

There have been major steps forward in the critical area of ergonomics. Back-plate
designs make it possible to easily adjust to three different lengths so that any user
from shorter than 1 ,5m to taller than 2.0m can wear the same SCBA without discom-
fort or incorrect sizing. Adjustments are rapidly and easily achieved before donning the
unit by moving two large buttons and sliding the
back-plate into a longer or shorter position.

Broad lumbar support waist belts are
single point mounted to the back-plate
to allow for limited side swivel which
provides significant ergonomic bene-
fits for the user during operation.

Waist belts straps are pulled forward
from the side mounted adjustment

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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buckles in a manner similar to that used in the
design of parachute harnesses.

Shoulder harnesses manufactured from sand-
wiched padded flame retardant material include
designs that attach all the components together at
the top. This prevents the shoulder straps from
falling off the shoulder if they are not sufficiently
tightened.

With so many outstanding SCBA pneumatics
and carrier system developments taking place, a
true Microsoft Windows based telemetry system
has been designed. This can now provide unprece-
dented data communication between the SCBA
and the user and also the control centre outside
the danger area.

These systems include a number of individual
parts that operate together to achieve the desired
outcome:

• A small actuation device that operates when
pressurized. It is attached to the SCBA back-
plate and to the pressure reducer by a high
pressure tube. When the unit senses pressure
from the HP reducer, it transmits the pressure
via a radio signal over a very short distance.

• An interactive, user carried, Integrated Control
Module is the core of the system. It is attached
to the carry harness of the SCBA with a
releasable clip and is easily accessed and read
by the user. The system is fully automatic and
requires no actions from the operator to start it
or operate it. It switches on whenever a trans-
mission is received from the SCBA it has been
mated to. The Integrated Control Module has
three functional buttons and a large LCD
screen. The three buttons provide the user with
the ability to send a distress signal to the base
station, provide backlight in bad visibility
situations and switch off all the alarms except
the high temperature and low pressure alarms
which cannot be switched off until the SCBA
has been de-pressurized. The Integrated
Control Module also enables the user to receive
an evacuation signal from the base station,
view the time until the low pressure warning
signal activates and to check the cylinder
pressure at any time. The centrally located
personal alarm button flashes green when all
functions are within normal parameters and it
switches to red when ever an alarm or distress
signal is activated. This feature allows all
operators within visual contact of each other to
see the status of their companions Integrated
Control Module. This device will also monitor

atmospheric temperature and goes into
temperature alarm if the time weighted aver-
age of the temperature that the operator has
been exposed to reaches a dangerous level. The
Integrated Control Module carries 50 hours of
user activity in its onboard memory. Any new
activity will override the oldest data stored on
the Integrated Control Module. The data can
be downloaded from the Integrated Control
Module to a computer if necessary.

• A Tablet PC is used for the base station. It is a
rugged, sturdy design fitted with a receiver and
transmitter module and it has been pro-
grammed to run a comprehensive telemetry
computer program. The Tablet PC is another
stand alone component of the system. It does
not need to be manned at all times because the
extremely flexible Integrated Control Module
can be programmed to be many things, one of
which is an alarm pager. When the Integrated
Control Module is switched to the alarm pager
mode it can be carried by a control operator
who operates within 50 metres of the base
station and it goes into alarm to alert the
control operator of a situation that may
requires his attention.

• There is an alternative base station that attaches
to a standard laptop computer.

• A Tag Writer is the component of the system
that allows for users personal details to be
written to the user's personal identification tag.
It is also the interface component that allows
for data that has been stored on the Integrated
Control Module to be downloaded to a
computer.

• The personal ID tag, with user identification
details are very simply transferred to the
Integrated Control Module so that the data
that is being recorded during operation can be
identified to the user. The Tag can also be easily
used to activate the Integrated Control Module
to perform other functions such as a repeater
station that acts to transmit data that cannot
be reached in a direct line by another user, an
alarm pager, and it can be used to put the
Integrated Control Module to sleep to save
battery life.

The one conclusion that can be drawn from the
introduction of new generation Personal Monitors,
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus and Telemetry
Equipment is that emergency workers lives are
now much safer and the future looks more
positive as developments for even more adva nced
features are pursued. EEQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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Don't Learn by
Accident

By Sarah Ursulan

Communications
Coordinator
BW Technologies by
Honeywell

The Importance of Training

Recently, a group of contractors were at a petrochemical facility in the United
States. Their portable single gas detectors began to alarm, showing dangerous
levels of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S). Knowing that there was no H 2 S present in the
facility, the contractors continued to work. An eventual investigation into the
incident showed that the contractors were being exposed to sulfur dioxide (S0 2 ).
Their detectors were alarming because of the cross-sensitivity reaction of the H 2 S
sensor to S0 2 .

A lthough none of the contractors perished,
the incident could have been potentially
i deadly. With proper training, the workers
would have reacted to the alarm situation without
analyzing why their monitors were going into
alarm. However, believing that proper training and
procedures would be paramount at all facilities
would be a complacent misconception. Despite
large profits, many companies neglect the training
of their workers, contractors and visitors. Inade-
quate training in all areas of gas detection, can
easily lead to serious accidents, even fatalities.

Training is an integral part of safety. Providing a
worker with a gas detector and showing them the

area in which they will work is not a recipe for
success. Without educating workers on how to
properly use all necessary personal protective
equipment (PPE), safety training and the impor-
tance of procedures, employees and facilities can
always be at risk.

Unless you know what to protect
yourself from . . .

If you are not aware of the dangers present in the
workplace, you cannot protect yourself from
them. Education on the theory of gas detection is
an important start. Industries that entail confined
space entry can be very different from each other,

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

TRAINING

DON'T LEARN BY ACCIDENT

even though the four most common hazards are
oxygen deficiency, hydrogen sulphide, carbon
monoxide and methane. For example confined
space entry in aircraft fuel tanks presents the dan-
ger of jet fuel while in wineries and breweries, the
threat of carbon dioxide presents an additional
danger. Training workers on the hazards specific to
their application and industry increases the safety
of staff and the facility.

Understanding the symptoms of exposure is sig-
nificant after learning which toxic hazards may be
present in the work environment. The misconcep-
tion that hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) always smells
like rotten eggs can be potentially deadly. At low
concentrations, H 2 S does smell of rotten eggs,
however at 20 to 30 parts per million (ppm), sense
of smell is deadened by paralysing the respiratory
centre of the brain and olfactory nerve. If workers
are relying on sense of smell to alert them to the
danger of H 2 S, levels may reach deadly concentra-
tions. With proper training, an understanding of

dure and training were both at fault for the acci-
dent. With basic hazard recognition training and
portable gas detectors, workers could have been
alerted to the dangerous atmosphere. The lack of
proper policies and procedure were also to blame.

Rules

The tragedy at the Sullivan Mine illustrates the
importance of having strictly enforced policies and
procedures that all employees and contractors are
made aware of repeatedly. The owners of the
mine came under scrutiny for not posting signs
alerting staff to the confined space in the shed
and for having employees working alone without
periodically checking in.

Having all employees, contractors and visitors
adhering strictly to the rules and regulations of a
facility improves safety, but everyone must be
aware of the guidelines. Repetitive training rein-
forces knowledge of the rules at the facility.

Similarly, being familiar with the NIOSH or

PPE may vary between facilities, industries
and applications, and can include fall, hearing,
foot, eye and respiratory protection in
addition to a gas monitor. Understanding
what a portable gas detector can do and
what it cannot do allows workers to
maximize their protection.

dangerous ppm levels and their corresponding
physiological responses for all gases that potential-
ly are present can be used to assess situations and
properly interpret gas detector readings.

Training on the theory of gas detection also
includes the characteristics of toxic hazards. Car-
bon monoxide is colourless and odourless. With-
out a gas detector, its presence may go unnoticed
until hazardous levels are reached. With a better
understanding of gas hazards, the need for safety
measures is emphasized.

Similarly, exploring the causes of potentially
deadly atmospheric hazards is a fundamental part
of gas detection theory. Oxygen deficiency is a
concern during confined space entry, and causes
can include displacement, microbial action, oxida-
tion and combustion.

In May 2006, a contractor, Doug Erickson,
entered a shed built above a water pit to collect
drainage water for sampling at the decommissioned
Sullivan Mine in B.C, Canada. Low oxygen air had
been seeping into the sump from a drainage pipe
creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere. Doug
Erickson succumbed, but was in the shed for two
days until another contractor, who was also work-
ing alone, attempted to locate him. That employee
and two paramedics who later entered the shed
also succumbed. Issues and shortcomings in proce-

OSHA guidelines that govern your facility is impor-
tant for all staff. Training and awareness are the
first step in creating a culture of safety.

More Training?

Training specific to certain industries and applica-
tions is often available. Confined space training is
available to increase awareness of potential dan-
gers. Upon completion, participants are able to
identify confined spaces and understand the asso-
ciated hazards. Additional courses may cover prop-
er entry procedures, how to operate within the
confined space and utilizing appropriate personal
protective equipment (PPE). Any employees who
may have to make a rescue from a confined space
can take special courses usually including simulat-
ed rescues.

After completion of gas detection theory, proce-
dural orientation for the facility, and confined
space training or other courses applicable to your
work environment, it is important to know how to
properly use your personal protective equipment
(PPE). PPE may vary between facilities, industries
and applications, and can include fall, hearing,
foot, eye and respiratory protection in addition to
a gas monitor. Understanding what a portable gas
detector can do and what it cannot do allows
workers to maximize their protection.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Wear yellow. Work safe.

Fixed, stand-alone and the GasAlert family of portable gas detectors

With a full range of simple, reliable and cost effective products, BW Technologies is a world leader in gas detection
safety. Monitoring an extensive range of gases, our easy to use single and multi-gas portable detectors are
small and lightweight, making them comfortable to wear. The solution to your gas detection needs is simple.

Wear yellow. Work safe.

TRAINING

DON'T LEARN BY ACCIDENT

Back to Basics

Every gas detector comes with a manual that
explains the standard parts of the monitor (includ-
ing sensors and batteries), activating and deacti-
vating the detector and how to attach accessories.
Comprehension of a detector's abilities allows the
user to maximize its efficiency. Always read and
continue to review the manual that comes with
your personal protective equipment.

User options allow the customization of the
detector to suit certain applications and situations.
With multi-language support, workers can under-
stand the information that the device is providing.
A passcode protect function may be equally useful
in preventing unauthorized access once the detec-
tor is used in the field. Without adequate training,
these user options may not be properly utilized
leading to potentially deadly situations. If a worker
cannot understand the information provided by
the detector, they may be put at significant risk.

Cleaning and caring for a gas detection device
properly also allows for maximum efficiency. Cer-

erly between calibration intervals. Today recom-
mended calibration intervals vary, but there is
unanimous agreement amongst manufacturers
that verifying the function of portable safety gas
detectors between calibrations is necessary. Since
many users do not understand why functional
bump testing is necessary, the practice is often not
adopted. In some areas of the world functional
bump testing personal gas detectors between cali-
bration intervals is virtually unheard of. Training on
all aspects of gas detection will help create an
awareness in these countries.

Photoionizaton detector sensors can suffer a
loss of sensitivity if internal components such as
the ultraviolet lamp or sensing electrodes become
dirty through everyday use. Performing a function-
al bump test with a known concentration of gas
will enable the user to determine if the PID is
responding properly.

Even though the gas detector performs diagnos-
tic checks at start up and during operation it is
often not possible to detect a problem with sensor

While calibration adjusts sensor accuracy,
between calibrations the only way to confirm
that a gas detector is functioning properly and
is capable of responding to gas is to expose
the instrument to a concentration of target
gas high enough to initiate an alarm situation
while the instrument is in operating mode in a
fresh air environment.

tain solvents, citrus, alcohol or silicone based prod-
ucts, soaps or polishers should not be used to
clean the exterior of detectors. Choose the manu-
facturer recommended cleaner in order to ensure
the sensors and detector are not being damaged.

Proper maintenance of a gas detector goes
beyond cleaning. Calibration and bump testing is
an important part of ensuring that a detector is
functioning properly.

While calibration adjusts sensor accuracy,
between calibrations the only way to confirm that
a gas detector is functioning properly and is capa-
ble of responding to gas is to expose the instru-
ment to a concentration of target gas high
enough to initiate an alarm situation while the
instrument is in operating mode in a fresh air envi-
ronment. This procedure is often referred to as a
functional bump test.

In the evolution of safety gas detection instru-
mentation, functional bump testing is a relatively
new practice. There was a time when calibration
was recommended frequently, even daily, but as
sensor technology and sensor performance
became better understood, the frequency began
to lengthen. As calibration frequency decreased it
was just assumed a detector was operating prop-

response. For example, the detector can not warn
users that sensor ports are obstructed by dirt, oil,
or some other substance, the capillary pore of an
oxygen sensor is blocked, or the catalytic bead of a
combustible sensor has been poisoned. Either way,
if gas is not able to reach the gas detector sensor,
the sensor is not able to detect its presence.

In addition to training through the use of man-
uals, many gas detector manufacturers and distrib-
utors offer training sessions that are specific to
certain industries and applications. Interactive
training CDs are produced by some companies
and can be a useful training tool.

Reinforcement

Continued education is important to reinforce
what is learned during:

• Gas detection theory

• Facility rules, regulations and procedure

• Gas detector training

Without repeated training sessions, complacen-
cy can set in. Training on atmospheric hazards and
how to safely work in potentially dangerous envi-
ronments is imperative to the safety of both the
employees and facility. Above all, training should
never be neglected. EUS

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

VFR2000

Intervention helmet
for Fire Fighters

Technological eyoltition '
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The VFR2000, certificated
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I i Standard type devices to protect
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LIFTING EQUIPMENT

Hydraulic Rams
versus Lifting
Bags

Lifting heavy structures. Hydraulic
or Pneumatic?

By Jack Kusters

The need for lifting a heavy object is a common scenario's during a rescue
operation, such as the need to lift a truck during a road traffic accident or a
structure during a collapsed building. Which tools are available for this task
and what are the aspects to keep in mind when using lifting equipment.

I often get confronted with the question which tools to use for lifting and
what to keep in mind.

Managing Director,
Artesis Academy

M ost people prefer the use of lifting bags
but I also get the question if hydraulic
rams can be used. Most logical and best
tools for the job are lifting bags, but what would
be the reasons for that? To answer the question I
will go into lifting in general, the aspects involved
which will give the basics in order to be able to
answer the question at hand. What to keep in
mind when lifting and the importance of training
and choosing the right equipment.

Emergency Lifting in general

Emergency lifting is, or should be common tasks in
a rescue environment. Lifting is generally used for
two objectives. 1 . To create space to free an
entrapped victim, or 2 to lift an object to be able
to extricate the victim in the object it is trapped in.

Although there are more scenario's where lifting
tools are used, most common are in collapsed
structures, and in road traffic accidents involving
heavy objects like a truck. It is a common thought
that lifting is generally performed during a
collapsed structure or entrapment below a large
object. But the need for lifting during a road traffic
accident is much higher than many times
perceived. When a car is trapped under a truck the
necessity to lift the truck of the car first is as
essential as the extrication performed afterwards.
The reason for this is simply that the load of the
truck is resting on the car that will be cut. As long
as the load is resting on the car, extrication cannot
and must not be preformed! Shifting of loads can
have are huge impact. The victim can get
entrapped even more or the shock due to the load

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LIFTING EQUIPMENT

shifting can hurt the victim. Nobody should want
this and take the risk not to first lift and stabilize.

My motto is in the case that an object is stuck
under an object, is to Crib, Lift, Follow the Load,
Secure and then Extricate. In the five step
approach there is one point to discuss separately
and that is following the load. It is often thought
that when lifting there is only a need to secure at
the end of the lift, but no that is not enough!
Always follow the load with a tool not used for
the lifting operation. If the load shifts or the load
drops it is caught by the tool stabilizing the object.
For small heights this can be cribbing blocks and
for higher objects struts or shoring tools are most
generally used. There is a saying in the US by a
colleague that says, lift a inch, crib an inch and
fully agree with that statement.

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For securing the object, the same tools are used
but then the object is put fixated and be able to
shift anymore.

This principle is the same for lifting objects
which the case of a collapsed structure or with an
entrapped victim that only can be freed by lifting.
There is a rule of thumb called the shoulder to
shoulder. Lifting never needs to go higher then the
width of the shoulders, as this is enough to free a
victim generally. This being said, there are always
exceptions to the rule so your tools needs to be
able to go higher.

Aspects of lifting

To understand which tools can be used and which
equipment is best suitable, it is necessary to look
at the scenario and objectives more closely.

The main objective is to lift an object to a
needed height in a safe and controllable manner.
This all boils down to ensuring the least amount of
risk for the operation. Sometimes a tool may look
like the best and fastest option, but what risks are
you taking? This is essential element in lifting! So
many times I have seen and heard operations
where the scenario was not talked through well
and choices were made too quickly to save a little
time in the beginning. This has negative
consequences. Examples include that the point
where lifted from could not hold up the load. Or
the tool used could not make the whole lift
required. Not stabilizing and therefore allowing
the load the shift making the tool roll out.

Things that influence the risk are the stability
during the lift, and things like safety factors. A

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

HYDRAULIC RAMS VERSUS LIFTING BAGS

main topic is the radius, or arc movement
that is created during a lift. An object is
never lifted straight up into the air. (If it
does, it means you are floating a load,
which should never be attempted. One
fixed point should always be secured and
act as rotation point.) Seen an object is lift-
ed from which one side secured a radius or
arc will be created. Your tooling should be
able to cope with this arc movement easily.

Other aspect is height in relation to
capacity. Capacity or force is simply
pressure x area. So to create equal capacity
with a smaller area more pressure is
needed, and visa versa. How this relates to
your tooling we will discuss later on.

An other aspect is contact area. The
smaller the surface area you are lifting the
higher the forces you are putting on the
object. Height is in relation to insertion
height and extended height is another
aspect. In lifting insertion height is
essential, mostly to be slim enough to be
able to insert and find the correct point to
lift from.

Last but not least is the ease of use.
How fast can the systems be deployed?
How easy can you lift? Think about
placement, but also about the need for
cribbing, sharp objects and the availability
of hard point to lift from (keep in mind the
relation to the forces you are putting on
the objects. The smaller the area you are
lifting from the stronger it needs to be).

Rams versus Lifting bags

Having explained the aspects of lifting you
may already understand why I promote the
use of airbags almost anytime above the
use of rams. I will explain my point of
view, by stating that rams seem easy to
use and a quick solution but it is not when
this is put next to the risks involved.

When using a ram to lift, the length or
insertion height is enormous which results
in the need to place the ram on the
outside of the object that needs to be
lifted. On the outside of the object the
strength of your lifting points tend to be
lower than inwards. Think about the
chassis compared to build up or roof
buildup of the truck. Or the edge of a con-
crete structure compared to the inside of
the structure. When using rams this point
is worse seen the lifting surface area. With
a ram it is extremely small putting more
stress on your object that needs to be
lifted which makes the need for a strong
lifting point more essential. At the same
time don't forget the ground surface.
Lifting a load cannot be done a soft sur-
face due to the same surface area. This will
result in the need for cribbing costing
time.

Another point is to the arc movement
we talked about, and that is that the fur-
ther away from the turning point (fixed
point) the higher more the arc movement
needs to be. Rams and the extensions

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LIFTING EQUIPMENT

used are not intended to cope with an arc
movement (see drawing). With a high arc lift it is
not recommended to use a ram.

Another point is the lifting itself. A large object
needs to be lifted on two points generally. Using a
ram would mean that two rams should be operated
simultaneously. This is a delicate process! Two
people close to the lifting object trying to
coordinate exact timing is not easily done. Lifting
bags truly share the load and can be monitored by
seeing the pressure in one central point. Related to
this point is that if rams are used the hard point
used to lift, many time is also the point needed to
secure the load with struts.

Besides the arc movement we talked about
rams are less stable than airbags. The surface area
is so small that a small change of load can be
enough to trough the whole operation lose.

Other downsides of a ram are the weight
compared to lifting bags. Another difference

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between rams and lifting bags are that rams have
the same lifting capacity throughout the lift seen
the one action cylinder. Lifting bags in general get
a smaller service area seen they become rounder,
losing power when they get higher. There are both
advantage and disadvantages to both.

That brings me back to my starting argument to
see if rams tend to seem easier in use than
airbags. I can understand why this may seem.
Many users still see lifting bags as the square bags
that are hard to stack and have limited height. A
lot has changed, but will be discussed below.
A ram is a more commonly used tool which is hold
by hand, where at the moment you operate, it
moves the object. But I hope the above shows that
this is a limited view.

With rams it is as necessary to know what you
are doing as with airbags. Mistakes are made
during the cribbing and securing not in lifting so
much. I have noticed that this is due to lack of basic
knowledge of lifting in general and not because of
the tool. I have seen incidents with both kinds of
tools where loads shift (making the tool roll out)
and people put it under bad luck or blame the
equipment - let me be in your face and say this has
nothing to do with bad luck, but just not following
basic principles like cribbing and securing the load.
With airbags there is less risk and are easier to use,
but you have to know the basics.

Lifting equipment

Things have become a lot easier since the first
introduction of lifting bags. Let's look into some of
the equipment for safely and quickly lift.

If you still like the capability to be able to lift
something with a ram take a look at the acces-
sories available. Like special adaptors for more grip
or a ram jack that several suppliers offer.

For lifting bags we mainly are three systems
available. Low pressure Ibar, Square 8 bar bags,
and the NT lifting concept at 10 bar. The low
pressure are to unstable to be used in rescue

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LIFTING EQUIPMENT

HYDRAULIC RAMS VERSUS LIFTING BAGS

operations where most fire brigades don't use
them anymore. The new technology bag, revert as
NT bags, combine the advantages of low pressure
and high pressure. They have the height and
surface area of a low pressure bag and the
capacity of a high pressure one.

The difference between the square and NT bags
are many of which one is the ability of the NT to
be connected, which gives the NT bag the ability
to lift to any needed height and coop with the arc
movement. Another big advantage is the ability to
lift directly on hard points eliminating the need for
time consuming cribbing material.

When looking at a bag purchase also look at
the capacity of a bag in specific height, as
bags tend to lose capacity when growing, as a
result of a smaller surface area. Of course safety
factors and easy of use of the accessories is also
important.

Other equipment necessary are cribbing materi-
al and struts. Nowadays rescuers generally do not
use wood anymore but the compressed plastic
ones. They come in all sizes and shapes. Some
allow the cribbing to easily follow the load during
a lift. Struts come in all shapes and sizes. Mostly
keep in mind ease of use and versatility, that can
make it easy to follow the load.

Summary

Lifting is an essential operation for emergency sce-
nario's where attention should be sent in choosing
the right equipment and training. It is my opinion
lifting bags are the only tool for lifting object in
most scenarios. With lifting it is essential to know

what you are doing then lifting is not hard at all.
Always follow the simple steps: Crib, Lift, Follow,
Secure and Extricate.

To learn more about emergency lifting or
get training contact Jack Kusters, at Ar tesis
Academy. EEQ

Jack Kusters is a expert in extrication and rescue in
general. With over more than 29 years as a fireman he
has worked for several organisations. He started as a
fireman and did the rescue job in practice. Several
educations and training later he was promoted to fire
chief but his love for the extrication stays. He wrote
several books and articles and gives lessons all over the
world. Many of the tools and equipment that we use
now in extrication are the brainwave from Kusters,
where manufacturers have translated the idea into a
useful product. These included the development of
hydraulic tools, stabilization and lifting equipment for
different manufacturers. At the beginning of the 90's, he
developed a new system for extrication for the Dutch
emergency response services. He was asked by the Dutch
government to investigate all techniques used around
the world to see if it would be possible to improve them
and come up with a global approach. This has become
known as the "Kusters" approach.

Kusters is now managing director for Artesis Academy.
An international advisory organisation that helps fire
fighting services in several areas such as training
solutions, development of guidelines and the building of
training centers.

Email: j.kusters@artesis.nl
Website: www.artesis.nl

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By Mike Willson

Angus Fire

New Fire
Protection
Technology for
lnc Hazards

Angus Fire has conducted a series of pioneering large-scale tests on the
effectiveness of foam and application equipment on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
fires. Natural gas is the cleanest burning of all fossil fuels, and global demand for
it as an energy source is growing rapidly. The tests were organised to re-evaluate
current fire protection equipment and techniques in realistic fire scenarios. The
venue for the tests was the new world-class LNG testing and training facility
developed and sponsored by BP in collaboration with Texas A&M University
Emergency Services Training Institute (ESTI).

Cold fuel

When natural gas is chilled to -164°C at atmos-
pheric pressure, it condenses into a cryogenic
liquid, takes 620 times less space, and can be
economically shipped around the world aboard
ocean-going tankers, just like oil. Once landed, it
is transferred to storage tanks, and then returned
to its gaseous form before being fed into pipelines
to reach industrial end-users and domestic cookers
and gas boilers.

When LNG is warmed up and turned into
natural gas it is flammable within a very limited
range. If the mixture of natural gas with air
contains less than 5% natural gas, it cannot burn
because it is too lean. If the mixture contains more
than 15% natural gas, it is too rich to burn. But

between 5 and 15%, watch out!

The big problem with LNG is that if it catches
fire it gives off twice the amount of heat of an
equivalent sized gasoline fire! Heat emissions are
the principal cause of damage from LNG fires,
capable of causing severe damage to personnel,
structural steelwork, plant and adjacent facilities if
left unchecked.

The props

LNG terminals and facilities follow practices that
are different in some ways from those in other
industrial installations. For example, many LNG
facilities have piping laid in trenches to contain any
leaks. ESTI has a 19m 2 L-shaped trench to simulate
just such an LNG pipeline.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LNG TESTING

NEW FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY FOR LNG HAZARDS

Flames shoot 30 metres
into the air during LNG
fire tests

The new facilities at ESTI, referred to as "the
props", consist of four parts - a trench; two 1 .2m
deep pits with areas of 9.3m 2 and 65m 2 ; and a
third pit, 2.4m deep covering 45m 2 . The three pits
represent typical impounding basins in an LNG
facility. The third pit includes a simulation of the
LNG manifold on an LNG tanker and the steel deck
and hull of a ship simulating the facilities used
during LNG offloading. The added depth enables a
water base to be used that simulates the sea.

Vapour dispersion

If LNG spills on to the ground, it starts to vaporise
instantly. The cold LNG vapour condenses moisture
in the air above to produce a white vapour cloud.
Containment is the first objective. Then there is
the option to allow this process to continue,
provided you can control the vapour and there is
no ignition source nearby.

Alternatively, the flammable vapours can be
dispersed away from potential ignition sources
more quickly by warming up the LNG. Water or
low expansion foam should not be applied directly
on to LNG to do this, since the heat transfer from
the water causes a severe reaction as a result of
the LNG vaporising too quickly. This was graphically
demonstrated in the "marine pit" where LNG

vaporisation rates on water were around five times
that on land.

Water curtains can be used to control the drift
of the LNG vapour. But these can be difficult to
place correctly with changing wind direction, and
the water must not be allowed to come into
contact with the LNG spill.

A good quality Expandol high expansion foam
blanket is a far more gentle and effective way of
warming LNG and controlling vaporisation. The
highly aerated foam at 500:1 expansion ratio
provides a thick, light blanket with much lower
water content per unit volume than conventional
low expansion foams.

The 65m 2 pit was used to simulate an unignited
LNG spill from pipework or a bulk storage tank.
Expandol high expansion foam was observed to
reduce ground-level vapour concentrations within
seconds to well below the Lower Flammable Limit
of 5%. A layer of frozen foam was formed at the
LNG/foam interface that supported several feet of
additional foam. Ice tubes also formed where the
vapours boiled through the foam blanket. As
the vapours ascended through the foam, they
were warmed, became lighter than air, rose
upwards, and dissipated safely in the air well
above potential sources of ignition.

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LNG TESTING

NEW FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY FOR LNG HAZARDS

Angus LNG Turbex
applies Expandol high
expansion foam despite
searing heat of LNG fire

Fire control

If vapour finds an ignition source it is likely to be at
the edges or outside the white vapour cloud, and
the flames will burn back to the liquid pool and
generate intense radiant heat. A high performance
dry chemical powder like Monnex can put the fire
out quickly, provided it is not too large and does
not have any obstructions. However, this is not
always desirable since a potentially flammable
vapour cloud may subsequently build up above
the liquid and pose a risk of re-ignition. Should the

LNG vapours enter a semi-confined space, damage
could occur from the resulting ignition.

The accepted and proven best approach is to
use high expansion foam of 500:1 expansion ratio
to achieve a controlled burn-off and in the process
greatly reduce the radiant heat emissions. The
principle is to apply it fast enough (within 60
seconds) and at a high enough application rate
to get control quickly and avoid potential risk to
personnel, plant and equipment.

As the lower portion of the foam freezes, ice

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

builds up within the foam blanket, venting the
vapour in a controlled way, producing flames of
greatly reduced intensity on the surface. The foam
bubbles insulate the LNG from the heat source
above, controlling the release of vapour. As the
heat breaks down the foam blanket, more foam
must be applied regularly as a series of pulses until
all the LNG has burnt away.

Foam and application techniques

Initial small-scale tests were carried out to assess
the effectiveness of different types of foam and
application technique on a range of LNG fires. A
variety of application techniques were used includ-
ing low, medium and high expansion as well as low
expansion compressed air foam (CAF) systems.
Low expansion foam delivers too much water to be
effective. Dry CAF performed slightly better when
applied gently, but the logistics and equipment
required to produce the foam was impractical.

Slow-draining Tridol ATF foam applied gently
through a hand-held medium expansion foam
branchpipe was observed to control the fire and
achieve a significant reduction in heat radiation.
This was only considered suitable for small-sized
spills due to the high application rates required.

Large-scale tests were then carried out to
simulate a major spill fire in a containment pit or
the bunded (diked) region surrounding an LNG
storage tank. LNG was placed in a huge 65m 2 test
pit, the largest of its kind in the world.

The procedure to ignite the LNG was to allow a
vapour cloud from the LNG to extend out from the
pit over a distance of open ground. A white cloud
was observed where the cold LNG vapour con-
densed moisture in the air. The flammable vapours
were then ignited using a torch on a 3m long
pole. Flammable vapour levels of 5 to 15% are
normally expected on the fringes of the visible
cloud, but portable gas monitoring equipment
detected pockets of flammable vapours up to 150
metres from the visible cloud.

Once the vapour cloud was ignited, flames shot
in all directions consuming and mixing the gas,
which burned through the extended cloud back to
the source, turning the pit into a burning cauldron
of fire. The flames reached over 30 metres into the
air and gave off so much heat that personnel were
forced to retreat to a safe distance.

In the past, fire testing of LNG tended to be
carried out on wet sand or earth pits which often
had sloping sides. These are easily cooled by the
LNG, making the test easier as moisture in the soil
freezes and absorbs heat, avoiding the heat attack
on the foam seen with concrete. Therefore they
are not as representative of today's more common
vertical-sided reinforced concrete impounding
basins.

Historic test data using various foam application
rates with outdated LNG storage and handling
techniques provides no margin for safety in the
modern world. Only foam and equipment proven
to be effective in practice on fire grounds like the
ESTI facility for prolonged periods of use are now
acceptable to BP and main contractors invited to
watch the testing over the last three years. Only a
minimum application rate of 10 l/m 2 /min through
water turbine-driven foam generators delivering
500:1 expansion ratios and capable of 90% radia-
tion reductions within 60 seconds proved effective
under realistic site conditions.

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LNG TESTING

Angus Tridol ATF
medium expansion foam
controls LNG fire

Mike Willson is Product
Manager for Foam
Concentrates at Angus Fire.
Fie is responsible for the
global marketing of the
company's wide range of
protein- and synthetic-based
range of foams. Angus Fire is
part of UTC Fire & Security, a
United Technologies Corp.
(NYSE:UTX) business unit,
which provides fire safety
and security solutions to
more than one million
customers around the world.
UTC Fire & Security is
headquartered in
Connecticut, USA.

NEW FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY FOR LNG HAZARDS

Specialist foam equipment

Intense heat emissions from LNG fires means that
ordinary high expansion foam equipment is totally
unsuitable. It quickly distorts, buckles and ceases
to generate any foam. That is why two specially
engineered LNG Turbex high expansion foam
generators from Angus Fire were used throughout
the test programme. The exceptional heat resis-
tance, careful choice of materials and robust
design of the LNG Turbex ensures reliable opera-
tion even after prolonged exposure to intense cold
and searing heat. It has previously passed the
NFPA 11:2005 Fire Exposure Test with flying
colours, withstanding internal temperatures as
high as 1000°C.

Additional features of the LNG Turbex that
proved crucial during the tests included a unique
water-driven turbine motor, tiered foam-making
stainless steel net and special aerofoil fan. These
provided a consistent air flow through the foam
generator that produced Expandol foam with
uniform expansion ratio at all times. Its cocoon-
shaped design generated a stable slow-draining
foam blanket with uniform bubble size for optimal
performance. Stainless steel ducting ensured
reliable foam delivery, minimising the adverse
effects of wind and performing extremely well
under simulated rainstorm conditions.

Foam concentrate

Selection of foam concentrate from the wide
range of high expansion foams available is also
crucially important. They are known to vary
enormously in their effectiveness on LNG. Low
quality brands exhibit poor stability as indicated by
their faster drainage rates. In contrast, high quality
brands like Expandol foam from Angus Fire are
known to produce a more stable foam layer for
optimal performance and efficiency.

Expandol high expansion foam of around 500:1

expansion ratio was found to achieve rapid fire
control and subsequently a controlled burn-off,
achieving a 90% reduction in heat radiation in less
than one minute. Once control was achieved, the
foam application rate was pulsed to maintain full
control until all the LNG had burnt away and the
spill could be declared over.

System design

The importance of applying these latest findings to
the design of LNG fire protection systems cannot
be overstated. NFPA 11:2005, for example,
suggests that application rates and discharge
times should be established by test work on LNG.

Designing a successful system is not limited
to using foam generating equipment and concen-
trates that have been thoroughly tested on LNG. A
detailed risk analysis should be carried out early
on, and critical variables such as the proportioning
system, induction rate, expansion ratio, drainage
time and foam depth, as well as application rate
and discharge time, should be carefully defined to
suit each individual risk. Open path gas monitoring
and detection equipment are also important.

Combining all these factors into a properly
engineered system to protect an LNG facility is
the next challenge. Only a few companies have
extensive experience of LNG contracts, and a
proven track record of designing specialist LNG
systems.

The test programme is continuing this year with
additional LNG testing by BP-sponsored PhD
students at Texas A&M University. As LNG
becomes more prominent in the world's energy
supply mix, Angus Fire's latest test data will help
emergency responders world wide to prevent and
combat LNG fires. Make sure you talk to Angus
Fire before finalising your LNG facilities upgrade or
new build to obtain a reliable and effective sy stem
for when you need it most. EHQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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pAb

MASS DECON

Pic courtesy of FSI North
America

By Mark Conron

President and founder
of FSI North America®

Mass Decon
Techniques and
Concerns

Since 9/1 1 decontamination (decon) procedures have rapidly evolved and
developed to deal with potential and anticipated bio chemical attacks on both
first responders and citizens.

Early Days

P rior to 9/1 1 decon consisted largely of 'hoop
wands and kiddie pools' used to clean/decon
first responders in their chemical suits prior
to suit removal. Only nominal thought or
planning was normally given to mass victim
decontamination from a major incident.

Advances since 9/11

In the last five years or so many advances and
changes have occurred.

University degree courses in emergency
management are now offered by institutions
worldwide ensuring an ongoing infusion of new
personnel with fresh ideas and concepts that will
continue to evolve and improve Mass Decon in the
future.

Planning, training, and sophistication have
rapidly progressed on the part of specifying and
purchasing authorities to handle potential and
anticipated Mass Decon scenarios.

Mass Decon of Thousands

For the Mass Decon of thousands of victims
exiting as stadium, large building etal. the general

consensus seems to continue to call for the use of
two crossed ladder trucks at every or designated
exits with master stream nozzles on full fog
pattern literally drenching the exiting victims with
water and possibly even a foam injected decon
solution.

Decon Solutions

Decon Solutions have also evolved and developed
over time from simple drenching with water (tepid
water between 15-30°C to avoid 'cold shock'
strongly recommended), to simple detergents, and
specialized foams and liquids with specific uses
dependent on the agent requiring decontamina-
tion. Such products include but are certainly not
limited to stabilized and diluted liquid chlorine
dioxides, misted hydrogen peroxide, cold plasma
ionization, and simpler hydrocarbon based/
derivative/substrate cleaning agents for most
industrial type incidents.

Smaller Mass Decon incidents

For smaller Mass Decon scenarios with victims
ranging from 10-250 plus in number that may be
at a scene or streaming toward a hospital or major

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

MASS DECON TECHNIQUES AND CONCERNS

MASS DECON

Pic courtesy of FSI North
America

center for care multiple line, four stage
(undress/detergent shower - decon solution to be
incident dependent/rinse shower/redress) Mass
Decon Shower and Shelter Systems have been
developed over the past five years.

Such Mass Decon Shower systems may range
from one, two, three, four and even five line
systems. Each line provides a modicum of privacy
during each of the 4 stages of decon and typically
certain of the five lines in this case are designated
for ambulatory and non-ambulatory men, and
women, and other needs as so designated by the
on scene co-coordinator.

International Standards Development

While there is at present no standard for these
portable decon shower systems offered worldwide
by literally dozens of manufacturers there are
standards in process. In North America a portable
decon shower standard currently designated as
ISEA #113 is in final review. When complete this
standard will assume an ANSI standard desig-
nation. In Europe a standards committee
CEN/TC/WG 6 N 037 is also in place developing a
standard for at least the Non plumbed-in body
showers. The early standards represent an initial
attempt to offer a degree of protection to the end

user that products that meet these standards are
manufactured by companies committed to this
industry.

Mobile Field Hospitals as a Component

While this article is intended to address Mass
Decon - the placement of mass numbers of
victims or displaced personnel once deconned
or after an emergency such as Pandemic Flu or
another Katrina Hurricane as in New Orleans -
must be addressed as well. This is another e.g. of
Mass Casualty and the options here for first
responders/hospitals are more or less as follows to
increase capacity to handle patient in-flow.

Use an existing and unused building or empty
wing of the hospital. This is the simplest option -
unless that building is no longer standing or struc-
turally sound.

The options then are to look to the parking lot
or field nearby, and employ temporary structures
to house patients or provide temporary housing.

Once the decision to purchase temporary
shelter systems is made the choice then comes
down to either a Quonset hut metal framed
structure or a pneumatic shelter system.

If the incident involves for e.g. a Pandemic flue
slowly marching across the country - with a few

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

MASS DECON

Pic courtesy of FSI North
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days to act - then the Quonset hut metal framed
systems that require a construction crew, tools, a
prepared set up area, and as many as a few days
to set up - may well represent the best option.
These types of structures once in place can remain
so for weeks and indeed months on end.

If, however, the incident is occurring in 'real
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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

MASS DECON TECHNIQUES AND CONCERNS

MASS DECON

Pic courtesy of FSI North America

Mark Conron is President and
founder of FSI North America®,
a leading worldwide supplier of
portable mobile and fixed
hazmat decontamination
showers, shelters, isolations
shelters, surge capacity shelter
systems and accessories, and
EMS supplies inclusive of
medical cots and disposable
backboards. Mr. Conron has
spent his entire career in the
life safety market and is a
member of FEMSA, NEMA,
IAHMT, and ISEA where he is
serving on the ISEA #113
standards committee charged
with developing a portable
hazmat decon shower standard
to be adopted by ANSI.

accept patients in less than 30 minutes. These
surge shelter systems require no tools, a limited
number of only modestly trained personnel,
virtually any location for deployment - and they
too can remain in service for literally weeks and
even months on end.

Concerns

Concerns are many, not the least of which is still a
lack of equipment, old out dated equipment
(many products purchased just after 9/1 1 are now
approaching their maximum 5 year anticipated life
span), a lack of training, and a sense that an
incident 'will never occur here'.

Even for those who possess adequate equip-
ment and feel they are trained to deploy it in the
event of a major incident the concerns are or
should be many.

If the victims have just started
to arrive at the hospital
emergency entrance doors
how do you recognize their
symptoms?

How do you stage victims in shock, panic and
fear? How do you get a panicked 'huge and
strong' man to patiently wait his turn to be
processed into and through a mass casualty decon
shower unit? What if he pushes to the front? How
do you stop him? Once a person is in a shower
system how do you move them along after say 3-5
minutes of showering? What if the person refuses
to leave the shower? What if someone collapses in
the shower? How do you get to them in a staged
mass casualty shower? How do you remove them?
What about patient modesty and privacy for both
men and women?

If the victims have just started to arrive at the
hospital emergency entrance doors how do you
recognize their symptoms? How do you stop them
from entering and cross contaminating all in the
hospital? How do you handle panic?

Concerns - they are many - and only very
briefly touched on herein. But they need to be
discussed, planned for, and a plan needs to be in
place for as many contingencies as possible. EES

FOAM

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NITTAN

Pic courtesy of Patterson
Pump Ireland Limited

By James Shipman

Sales Manager,
Patterson Pump Ireland
Limited

FIREWATER PUMPS

Fixed installation
Firewater Pump
Packages

Internationally, there is a continuing movement towards installing more fixed
installation fire sprinkler/hydrant/water-mist/deluge systems into a wider variety
of sites ranging from schools and hospitals to shopping centres, manufacturing
plants and distribution warehouses. Fixed fire extinguishing installations are a
vital component within any overall facility design to protect life and property and
their more widespread use provides facility owners with further benefits in terms
of risk insurance premium reductions and reduced facility downtime in the event
of an incident.

T he capability of the water supply to meet the
water flow and pressure requirements for
fixed installation extinguishing systems is of
paramount importance and is determined by the
extinguishing system design. Where this cannot be
adequately achieved, it is necessary to incorporate
fire pumps within the system.

Globally, there is a vast range of local, regional
and international standards in existence for pump
system design and selection. For example, within
Europe nearly every country currently has its own
national sprinkler and fire pump standards
although much effort is being applied to introduce
a harmonised European Standard EN12259 of
which Part 12 will apply to fire pumps. Ultimately,
when formally adopted as an EC Directive, the
harmonised standards will supersede the current
European national standards. However, the

National Fire Protection Association Standard NFPA
No. 20 (Standard for the Installation of Stationary
Pumps for Fire Protection) has progressively and
positively evolved since 1896 and is currently
looked upon as the standard which is most widely
known and adopted internationally.

In addition to designing and manufacturing to
comply with the relevant codes and standards, fire
pump producers also commit their products to
extensive testing to obtain approvals from recog-
nised organisations such as Factory Mutual (FM),
Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Loss Prevention
Certification Board (LPCB) Great Britain, VdS
Germany, etc. to enable their equipment to be
installed and accepted on particular projects.
These approvals are the attestation that the manu-
facturer has complied with the appropriate codes
and standards, operates effective quality systems

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIXED INSTALLATION FIREWATER PUMP PACKAGES

FIREWATER PUMPS

Pic courtesy of Patterson
Pump Ireland Limited

and provides correct product support for their
equipment.

Fire pumps can work in a variety of configur-
ations - boosting town mains water pressure
directly or from intermediate water storage tanks,
either above or below ground. Generally, for
above ground water supply applications, 'end
suction' or 'horizontal split case' centrifugal
pumps are used. Below ground water applications
can use an underground storage tank, river or
even the open sea as their water source and for
these installations 'vertical turbine' or 'sub-
mersible' pumps are generally used. Irrespective of
the configuration, the final intention is to produce
a certain volume of water at a certain pressure - in
other words its design duty.

The capacity of the fire pumps required for a
particular installation is determined by the
extinguishing system design requirements and
standards and these can typically range from 550
litres per minute (150 US Gallons per minute) to
19000 litres per minute (5000 US Gallons per
minute) at pressures from 2.75 barG (40 psi) to
26 barG (390 psi). Depending on the risk insurer's
philosophy, the required system design duty may
be provided by a single pump system or may be
shared between, say two pumps (known as 50%
duty pumps) or more. Frequently, two 100% duty
pumps will be installed and each one either desig-
nated as 'duty' or 'standby'. All reputable fire
pump manufacturers will assist the sprinkler design
consultants with determining the optimum pump
system selection and specification as required.

Fire pump design and construction is developed
around reliable operation. Many fire pump designs
available on the market have evolved from manu-
facturers' proven continuous service process pump
designs which have been subsequently adapted
for fire pump applications. Although under normal
circumstances it may only be run for 30 minutes
each week for test purposes, when called on to
'operate in anger' it must start and perform flaw-
lessly and provide firewater to the seat of the
incident. This not only means installing and
maintaining a reliable fire pump but also its driver,
control system and accessories which form part of
the overall fire pump package and must be equally
as reliable.

Drivers for fire pumps com-
prise diesel engines, electric
motors and steam turbines.
Generally, spark-ignition inter-
nal combustion engines are not
permitted. The popularity of
using a diesel engine versus an
electric motor as the fire pump
driver depends on where you
are. In North America it is
estimated that 80% of fire
pumps are electric motor driven
whereas in Europe the converse
is true and diesel engines
account for 80% of all fire
pump drivers. It is true that
electric motor driven systems
provide for lower overall
maintenance and relatively low
emissions in a more compact
pump room floor area but
a diesel engine driven system
is virtually independent of
reliability on external power sources.

Selection of the correct driver for the fire pump
again depends on the codes and standards the fire
pump package is being designed to. Whilst the
correct pump speed is fundamental, the driver
power rating will need to be sized to accom-
modate the absorbed power rating of the pump -
for some codes this is only at the pump design
capacity but for the more rigorous codes it needs
to cover pump end of curve performance which
demands a considerably higher power rating.

Diesel engine drivers specifically developed for
fire pump applications are available. These are
usually proprietary well tried and tested brands
and models of diesel engines which are then
dressed or customised and tested to meet specific
codes and approval body requirements. Usually a
de-rating factor of 10% is applied to the gross
available power when used for fire pump drives
but further de-ratings will need to be applied if
the engine is installed in ambient temperatures
above 25°C (77°F) or 91 metres (300 feet) above
sea level to compensate for reduced engine perfor-
mance. Nearly all codes and standards call for dual
redundant battery electric starting systems. This is
to ensure reliable starting in the event of one set
of batteries failing. Although radiator-cooled
engines are permissible, heat exchanger cooling is
the usual method with cooling water being taken
directly from the discharge of the running pump
via the exchanger and returned to waste or to the
water storage tank.

Another essential component within the fire

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Fire Fighting Equipment

The Most Experienced Manufacturer of Fire Fighting Equipment

Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., Inc. I 1-574-295-8330 I 1-800-346-0250 I www.elkhartbrass.com

FIXED INSTALLATION FIREWATER PUMP PACKAGES

FIREWATER PUMPS

Pic courtesy of Patterson
Pump Ireland Limited

pump system is the automatic controller. The prin-
ciple of this is to detect a fall in the firemain water
pressure when a sprinkler head ruptures, deluge
valve operates or a fire hydrant is opened. This is
achieved via a pressure switch or pressure trans-
ducer and, when the controller is in 'automatic'
mode, initiates the starting sequence and oper-
ation of the fire pump. Controllers also provide
local manual operation overrides for the automatic
starting system as well as remote alarm circuits to
enable pump status to be monitored in a perma-
nently manned position such as a gatehouse,
reception area, building monitoring system or by
the local fire brigade.

Controllers for electric motor fire pumps are
relatively straightforward in design and usually
employ direct-on-line (across the line) or star delta
(wye delta) open transition motor starting tech-
niques. However, when there are mains supply
power limitations, more diverse starting methods
are available such a primary resistor, auto-
transformer or electronic soft start.

Controllers for diesel engine driven fire pumps
are necessarily more complex in nature. Mostly,
they will include a cyclic cranking feature to alter-
nate between the dual redundant battery electric
starting systems. A crank termination feature is
also included to withdraw the starter motor from
further cranking once the engine has started. In
addition, both battery systems are catered for by
fully automatic battery chargers operating from
the pump room AC power supply ensuring that
they are always in a full state of charge ready for
the pump set being called into operation. Engine
protective devices are limited but usually engine oil
pressure and cooling water temperature are
monitored with audiovisual alarms and certain
codes require the inclusion of an engine overspeed
protection alarm and safety trip circuit.

More and more frequently, fire pump manufac-
turers are being called on to provide complete pre-
packaged fire pump houses. These are fully
manufactured at the fire pump manufacturer's
facility on a unitary baseplate including all suction

and discharge valving, test lines and are ready to
install immediately on delivery to the work-site.
They can be supplied with (or without) a pre-fabri-
cated pump house building fully wired out with
electrical system, lighting, heating and ventilation
system. Smaller capacity units can be fabricated
using customised shipping containers. The increas-
ing popularity of the pre-packaged pump house
system is without doubt due to the speed and con-
venience of installation, requiring just fixing to the
pre-prepared support base, attaching of suction and
discharge lines, electrical supply and the unit is then
ready to be commissioned and start its working life.
A further major benefit is the elimination of site
building costs associated with the construction of a
conventional 'bricks and mortar' pump room and its
subsequent fitting out costs.

Whilst purchasing and installing any type of
fixed extinguishing system is an extremely wise
measure in reducing fire risks to life and property
and the associated disruption to a business when
a fire incident occurs, it is absolutely essential to
ensure that the fire pump system is correctly
installed and commissioned. Incorrect installation
can lead to serious problems later on; for example
coupling failure due to incorrect or mis-alignment
of the coupling halves. Reputable fire pump
system manufacturers will provide local trained
engineers to carry out this work to the acceptance
of the facility owner and his risk insurer's
requirements and also to put into effect the manu-
facturer's equipment warranties.

Pump system testing should be conducted by
the facility owners on a weekly basis and records
accurately maintained. Any abnormalities with its
operation should be rectified without delay.

It is also imperative that correct regular main-
tenance is carried out on the system. Most fire
pump system manufacturers and risk insurers
require equipment to receive servicing and mainte-
nance annually.

Remember - fire pump systems are provided for
life-saving and property protection and are not
something to fit and forget! ESQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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Tel +1-617-770-3000 • Fax +1-617-984-7777

Distributor and Representative Offices

AMKUS INC

AUSTRALIA

DRAEGER PACIFIC

Contact: Warren Levin

Tel: 61-3-9265-5000 Fax: 61-3-9265-5097

Email: warren.levin@draeger.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

KINGDAN

Contact: Gary Wan

Tel: 852-2385-0199 Fax: 852-2388-5131
Email: kingdan@hkstar.com

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

SAFETECH LTD

Contact: Andy Chan

Tel: 852-2687-4038 Fax: 852-2687-2784
Email: andy@safety.com. hk

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

DELIS TOOLS LTD

Contact: Paul Delis

Tel: 64-3-327-4103 Fax: 64-3-327-7676
Email: delis@clear.net. nz

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

MEDTRADE LTD

Contact: Reymond Poblete

Tel: 63-45-888-2131 Fax: 63-45-893-0818

Email: medtrade1_2004@yahoo.com

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SUPER PREMIUM CO

Contact: Will. Hung

Tel: 886-2-8226-5855 Fax: 886-2-8226-5856
Email: spctwn@ms9.hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

CAMPING EQUIPMENT

Contact: Yod Watana

Tel: 66-2-377-0379 Fax: 66-2-374-4108

Email: celpdps@loxinfo.co.th

Dealer/Distributor

PACIFIC TOOL GROUP

Contact: Dirk Bloxham

Tel: 66-2-886-7556 Fax: 66-2-886-7585

Email: exec@pacificandfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

ANGUS FIRE

AUSTRALIA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

BANGLADESH

PFH FIRE PROTECTION

P 0 Box 327
Seria 7003

Negara Brunei Darussalam

Contact: HJH. B.A. Noraliza (General Manager)

Tel: (00 673) 3 332 519

Fax: (00 673) 3 332 519

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office, 21/F Tower 2
88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong
Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388 Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Fax: 03 9518 5577

Email: info@angusfire.com.au

Website: www.angusfire.com.au

Representative Office

HONG KONG

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO

Room A, 1 3th Floor
Go-Up Commercial Building
998, Canton Road, Mongkok, Kowloon
Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)

Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071 Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145
Email: johnny@centurionfire.com.hk
Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

KIDDE INDIA LIMITED

EL 205, TTC Industrial Area

Mahape, Navi Mumbai, 400 710, India

Tel: +91 22 67800100 Fax: +91 22 27618444

Email: info@kiddeindia.com

Website: www.kiddeindia.com

Representative Office

INDONESIA

PT RANTAI LAUT

Jl Kemang Raya No. 11, Jakarta Selatan

Contact: Jimmy Singh

Tel: (00 62) 21 717 90122

Fax: (00 62) 21 717 90607

Website: www.rantai-laut.com

Email: jimmy@rantai-laut.com

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

OWEN LTD

2-5-20 Gokou-Nishi

Matsudo-Shi Chiba T270-2218

Contact: Mr Masao Oyake (Managing Director)

Tel: (00 81) 47 389 5510 Fax:(00 81)47 385 1763
Email: owen@msi.biglobe.ne.jp
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

INDECO CORPORATION

814 Daewoo, The-O-Plus Building
1142-2 Sanbondong Gunposi
Kyunggido, Korea 435-040
Contact: Thomas Park (President)

Tel: (00 82)31 390 6911/2
Fax: (00 82)31 390 6913
Email: thomas@esafety.co.kr
Mobile: (00 82) 1 1 726 2248
Dealer/Distributor

MACAU

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO

Room A, 13th Floor, Go-Up Commercial Building
998, Canton Road, Mongkok, Kowloon
Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)

Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071 Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145
Email: johnny@centurionfire.com.hk
Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

KINSAJASA SDN BHD

1st Floor, 2298 Pujut 5 Shoplot
98000 Miri, Sarawak, East Malaysia
Contact: Roger Ling
(Mobile: 6019 855 0360)

Tel: 6085 665802 or 660423
Fax: 6085 655803 or 655402
Email: kinsar@tm.net. my or
ksajaservice@mvjaring.net
Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588
Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PHILIPPINES

ALARM SYSTEMS CORP

Unit 3205, Summit-1

Office Tower, 530 Shaw Road

Mandulayong City

Contact: Allen Lim

Tel: (00 632) 532 0556

Fax: (00 632) 533 6476

Email: mail@alarmsystems.com.ph

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point, Singapore 1 1 9958
Contact: Bob Graham (Sales Manager,

Fire Fighting Products)

Dir Tel: (00 65) 6424 7938

Mobile: (00 65) 9671 1567

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Email: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Representative Office

TAIWAN

SENSOR LTD

No. 8-1, Rueiguang Road, Neihu Chiu

Taipai, Taiwan 1 14

Contact: Alex Jeng

Tel: (00 886) 2 8792 9881

Fax: (00 886) 2 8792 9885

Email: sensor.fire@msa.hinet.net

Website: www.sensorfire.com

Email: alex@sensorfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

AB GROUP

Contact: Phairot Bulpakdi (Managing Director)

42 Soi Ngam Duplee, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120
Tel: (00 66) 2 2871570 Fax: (00 66) 2 2871460

Dealer/Distributor

ANSUL

INCORPORATED

INDONESIA

ANSUL INCORPORATED

Bangun Tjipta Bldg, Level 3B
Ji Jend Gatot Subroto No. 54
Jakarta 10260, Indonesia
Tel: 62 21 536 77662
Fax: 62 21 536 77663
Representative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

BAUER

COMPRESSORS

BRUNEI

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD

2 Alexandra Road

#01-03A Delta House, Singapore 159919

Singapore

Tel: +65 6271 6271

Fax: +65 6272 3345

Email: info@bauer-compressors.com.sg

Representative Office

CHINA

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN CHINA LTD

707 Block A, M.P. Industrial Centre
18 Ka Yip Street, Chai Wan
Hong Kong S.A.R
Tel: +852 2595 1898
Fax: +852 2595 0878
Email: bkc@bauerchina.com
Representative Office

INDIA

ALLIED SOLUTIONS PVT LTD

313/314, Raikar Chambers,

Govandi [East], Mumbai -400 088
Tel: 022 6797 8056/57/58
Fax: 022 2557 6234
Email: kini@alliedsolutions.com
Dealer/Distributor

MOUNT EVEREST ENGINEERING
COMPANY

A-103 Gokul Arcade, Sahar Road
Vile Parle (East) Mumbai 400 057, India
Tel: +91 (22)8202558
Fax: +91 (22)8205792

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

MARINE & INDUSTRIAL
COMPRESSORS

304 Thomson Road, Singapore 307654
Tel: +65 6250 6018
Fax: +65 6253 8443
Email: masmarin@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

BAUER COMPRESSORS CO. LTD

10-36 Ryutsu-center, Kitakami-shi Iwate-ken

024-0014 Japan

Tel: +81 0197 68 2251

Fax: +81 0197 68 2225

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

TECKO CO. LTD.

S.K Technopark

Mega Center Room 201/202

190-1 Sangdeawong 1-Dong

Jungwon-gu, Sungnam-city, Kyungki-do, Korea

Zip 462-705

Tel: +82 2 3461 3000-3 and +82 31 776 2442
Fax: +82 2 529 4240 and +82 31 776 2444

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

SK CRYOGENICS SDN BHD

No 5, Jalan TP 7/6

Sime U.E.P. Industrial Park

Section 26 40400 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Tel: +60 3 5192 4269/70

Fax: +60 3 5192 4235

Dealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

ALPINE INDUSTRIALCON (PVT) LTD

305/2 G.T. Road
Baghbanpura, Lahore, Pakistan
Tel: +92- 42- 685 2313
Fax: +92- 42-367 4655
Email: alpinelahore@hotmail.com
Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

CEBU ERNBRI IMPORT,
INC/AQUAVENTURE WHITETIP DIVE
SUPPLY

Ermita Office:

Unit 101 Joncor II Bldg, #1362 A.Mabini Street
Ermita Manila, Philippines 1000, Philippines
Tel: +632 521-0433 Fax: +632 522-1 165
Website: www.aquaventurewhitetip.com

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE. LTD

2 Alexandra Road, #01-03A Delta House
Singapore 159919, Singapore
Tel: +65 6271 6271 Fax: +65 6272 3345
Email: info@bauer-compressors.com.sg

Representative Office

MARINE & INDUSTRIAL
COMPRESSORS

304 Thomson Road
Singapore 307654

Tel: +65 6250 6018 Fax: +65 6253 8443
Email: masmarin@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

MING SHEN ENTERPRISE CO LTD

5, PaShih 1 street
DanShui Town, Taipei

Taiwan 25170, Taiwan (Republic of China)

Tel: +886 (2) 28095789

Fax: +886 (2) 28096189

Email: www.bauer-kompressoren.de/

sales/bcmail_en.php?id=233>

Website: www.3arrow.com.tw
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

INTERSOL ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD

160 Rimklongprapa Road

Bangsue Bangkok 10800, Thailand

Tel: +66 2 9106 445

Fax: +66 2 9106 446

Email: www.bauer-kompressoren.de/

sales/bcmail_en.php?id=235>

Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

MEKONG SCUBA SUPPLY LTD

Saigon Tower

29 Le Duan Blvd

Suite 1600, Ho Chi Minh City

Vietnam

Tel: +848 823 6294
Fax: +848 823 6288
Email: mikedoyle44@hotmail.com

Dealer/Distributor

BRISTOL UNIFORMS

BANGLADESH

MANIK BROTHERS

Hai Mansion (3rd Floor)

9/3 Motijheel Circular Road
Dhaka - 1000
Bangladesh

Contact: Mr A K Bhowmick
Tel: +880 2 7100 589
Fax: +880 2 7100 386
Email: manikbrs@1postbox.com

Dealer/Distributor

BRUNEI

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9
40000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia

Contact: Mr Prem R Murthy
Tel: +603 550 9060
Fax: +603 550 4486
Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com
Website: www.dasaprem.com
Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SHENZHEN RUFN INDUSTRIAL CO LTD

RM-701 7/F Leaser Tower, 1st Fuhua Rd

Shenzhen, China

Contact: Amy Jin

Tel: +86 755 8399 9581

Fax: +86 755 8399 9548

Email: wj@rufn88.com

Dealer/Distributor

FIJI

PHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED

10 Akatea Road, Glendene
Auckland, New Zealand
Contact: Mr S Hampton
Tel: +649 818 8048
Fax: +649 818 4484
Email: stuart@firemaster.co.nz
Website: www.firemaster.co.nz
Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

CHUBB HONG KONG LIMITED

3 Hok Yuen Street East

Hung Horn, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2746 9628 Fax: +852 2785 0849

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTD

M-1 Green Park Extn, New Delhi 1 10016, India

Contact: Mr Vinay Khanna

Tel: +91 1 1 261 969 82 Fax: +91 1 1 261 669 61

Email: foremost@vsnl.net

Website: www.foremostsafety.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

1 0 & 1 2 Jalan Muara 8/9, 40000 Shah Alam

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Contact: Mr Prem R Murthy

Tel: +603 550 9060 Fax: +603 550 4486

Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com

Website: www.dasaprem.com

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

PHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED

10 Akatea Road, Glendene,

Auckland, New Zealand

Contact: Mr S Hampton

Tel: +649 818 8048 Fax: +649 81 8 4484

Email: stuart@firemaster.co.nz

Website: www.firemaster.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LIMITED

18 Penhas Road, 208182, Singapore

Contact: Mr Don Tay

Tel: +65 62909890 Fax: +65 62961444

Email: don@fireweld.com.sg

Website: www.fireweld.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SHENG-TAI FIRE PROTECTION
INDUSTRIAL CO LTD

No 222-2 Sec2, Cheng Tai Rd

Wu-Ku Shiang, Taipei, Hsien, Taiwan

Contact: Liu Yuan Hung

Tel: +886 22292 1751 Fax: +886 22291 1984

Email: sato@mail. mold. net. tw

Website: www.shengtai.com.tw

Dealer/Distributor

BW TECHNOLOGIES

CHINA

BW TECHNOLOGIES BEIJING - SALES

Room 102, No.1 Building,

Wanliu Yishuiyuan, Wanliu Dong Road
Haidian District
Beijing 100089 PR. China
Tel/Fax: +86-10-8256-4525
Representative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

BW TECHNOLOGIES

Henry Zhang, Regional Sales Manager -
South China Region
Tel: +86-20-8759-0352
Fax: +86-20-8751-7303
Email: hZhang@bwtnet.com
Representative Office

BW TECHNOLOGIES

Kai Zhao, Regional Sales Manager -
Northeast China Region
Tel: +86-10-5857-0527
Fax: +86-10-5857-0187
Email: kZhao@bwtnet.com
Representative Office

BW TECHNOLOGIES

Victor Wong, Regional Sales Manager -
Hong Kong, China, Taiwan & Korea
Tel: +852-2974-1783
Fax: +852-2974-1704
Email: vWong@bwtnet.com
Representative Office

HONG KONG

BW TECHNOLOGIES HONG
KONG/TAIWAN - SALES

Flat 2, 6/F, Block C, Y.Y. Mansion
96 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong

Representative Office

LARRY LAU

Flat C, 28/F, Tower 1 , Granville Garden
18 Pik Tin Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong

Dealer/Distributor

CHEMETRON

CHINA

CHUBB CHINA

1/F Guard Force Centre
3 Hok Yuen Street East, Hunghom
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: +852-23622632

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

CHUBB HONG KONG

1/F, Guard Force Centre, 3 Hok Yuen Street East
Hunghom, Kowloons, Hong Kong
Tel: +852-23622632

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT DRACO

P.O. Box 2, Tambun 17510 Jkt, Indonesia
Tel: +62-21-8800058

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

YU-IL

#168 Samsung-Dong

Samsung Bldg Rm 401 Gangnam-Gu

Seoul, Korea

Tel: +01 1-82-2-565-7121

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

PALMER ASIA INC

33 Edsa Bangkal, 1233 Metro, Manila, Philippines
Tel: +632 751 7774

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

SEALAND RESOURCES

Block 30 Kallang Place

#06-21 To 24 Kallang

Kallang Basin Industrial Est, Singapore

Tel: +65-62968180

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

CHENG AN FIREGUARD IND

9/F No. 97 Sec. 2, Nan-Kang Road, Taipei, Taiwan
Tel: +011-8862-27888349

Dealer/Distributor

DRAEGER SAFETY

CHINA

BEIJING FORTUNE DRAEGER SAFETY
EQUIPMENT CO LTD

Yu An Lu 22, B Area, Beijing Tianzhu Airport

Industrial Zone, Shunyi District, Beijing, 101300

Tel: +86 10 8049 8000

Fax: +86 10 8049 8005

Email: peter.wang@draeger.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT DRAEGERINDO JAYA

Jl. Benda Raya No. 54 DEF-Kemang

Jakarta Selatan 12560

Tel: +6221 788 41880

Fax: +6221 781 0230

Email: jakarta.headoffice@draeger.co.id

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

DRAEGER SAFETY JAPAN LTD

3-8-1 Tokyo, 2-chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135 0047
Tel: +81 3 44615111
Fax: +81 3 44 615100
Email: yukata.kataoka@draeger.co.jp

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA

Daejong Bid. #1106, Korea Representative Office
Bang-l-dong, Songpa gu, Seoul, Korea
Tel: +82 2 6415 8222
Fax: +82 2 6415 8223
Email: sdseo3@magicn.com
Representative Office

MALAYSIA

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD

14 Jalan PJS 1 1/18, Sunway Technology Park

46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor

Tel: +60 3 5635 6460

Fax: +60 3 5635 4171

Email: dsa.malaysia@draeger.com

Representative Office

NEW ZEALAND

DRAEGER SAFETY PACIFIC PTE LTD

UnitO, No. 150

Harris Road, East Tamaki, Auckland
Tel: +649 273 3160
Fax: +649 273 3159
Email: geert.herder@draeger.com

Representative Office

SINGAPORE

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD

67 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-03
Singapore 139950
Contact: Justin Kung
Tel: +65 6872 9281
Fax: +65 6773 2033
Email: justin.kung@draeger.com
Website: www.draeger.com.sg
Representative Office

TAIWAN

DRAEGER SAFETY TAIWAN CO LTD

12/F, Kuohwa Building

868-5 Chungcheng Rd, Chungho City, Taipei

county 235, Taiwan

Tel: +886 (02) 2223-6388

Fax: +886 (02) 2223-2258

Email: sales.taiwan@draeger.com

Representative Office

THAILAND

DRAEGER SAFETY (THAILAND) LTD

Chamnan Penjati Business Centre

Unit 65/210 25th Floor

Rama 9 Road, Huay Kwang, Bangkok 10310

Tel: +662 6438 701/2

Fax: +662 6438 700

Email: sales@draeger.co.th

Representative Office

E2V TECHNOLOGIES

INDIA

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTD

M-1 , Green Park Extn, New Delhi 1 1 0001 6, India
Tel: 00 91-11-261-96982 Fax: 00 91-11-261-66961
Email: foremost@vsnl.net
Website: www.foremostsafety.com

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

CORNES DODWELL LTD (OSAKA)

13-40 Nishihonmachi 1-chome, Nishi-ku
Osaka 550-0005, Japan

Tel: + 81-6-6532-1012 Fax: + 81-6-6532-7749
Email: e-device@cornes-dodwell.co.jp
Website: www.cornes-dodwell.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

GODO ENGINEERING CO LTD

1 FL. 142-5 Yeonhee-2

Dong Soedaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 120-1 12
Tel: 822-3141-1236 Fax: 822-3141-1270
Email: info@godoeng.com
Website: www.godoeng.com

Dealer/Distributor

ELKHART BRASS

AUSTRALIA

FIRE RESPONSE PTY LTD

71 Prince William Dr, P.O. Box 668, Seven Hills

2147, Australia

Tel: +61 2 9838 9071

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT REJECKI UTAMA

Wisma Geha, 5th Floor, JL Timor 25
Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 316 2779

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

PSL PHILLIPS & SMITH LTD

P.O. Box 69-028

Glendene, Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: +64 9 8184484

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

GUARDFIRE LIMITED

42/2 Teo Hong Bangna Building, Moo 10,
Bangna-Trad Road, Bangkok 10260, Thailand
Tel: +66 2 7467031

Dealer/Distributor

FIRE FIGHTING
ENTERPRISES

AUSTRALIA

AMPAC INDUSTRIES PTY LTD

97 Walters Drive, Osbourne Park
Western Australia 601 7

Tel: 00 61 892 423 333 Fax: 00 61 892 423 334

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

HLK SERVICES LTD

Room 1111, Tower B, Hung Horn Commercial

Centre, 39 Ma Tau Wai Road

Hung Horn, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Tel: 00 852 23303083 Fax: 00 852 23656128

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

NITIN FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRIES LTD

501 , Delta, Technology St.

Hirananandani Gardens,

Powai, Mumbai -400 076, India
Tel: 00 91 22 25700392
Fax: 00 91 22 257011 10
Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

KOREA (SOUTH)

HI MAX CO LTD

Sicox Tower 115-Ho 513-14, Sangdaewon-Dong
Jungwon-Gu,Sungnam-City, Kyungki Do, Korea
Tel: 00 82 31 769 7698
E-Mail khkim@himax1 1 9.co.kr

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS ENG.SERVS SDN BHD

No.1 Block C, Jalan Dataran Sd 1 Pju 9, 52200
Bandar Sri, Damansara, Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia
Tel: 00 60 3 62767155
Fax: 00 60 3 62758712

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

AMPAC INDUSTRIES LIMITED

P.O. Box 100-149, North Shore Mail Centre
Glenfield, Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: 00 64 94438072
Fax: 00 64 94438073

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

ACCLAIM SYSTEMS PTE LTD

Blk 104 Boon Keng Road, 05-01
Singapore 339775
Tel: 00 656 2990 798
Fax: 00 656 299 3735

Dealer/Distributor

ALARM SUPPLY PTE LTD

63 Jalan Pemimpin

03-07 Pemimpin Industrial Building

Singapore 577219

Tel: 00 656 258 3445

Fax: 00 656 258 6428

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

HORING LIH IND CO LTD

4F No 18 Lane 327, Chung Shan Road
Sec 2 Chung-Ho-City, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan
Tel: 00886 2224 87599
Fax: 00886 2224 07752
Email ahtaipei@me26.hinet.net
Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

F.B. (THAILAND) LTD

75 Soi Rubia
Sukhumvit 42 Road
Bangkok 10110
Thailand

Tel: 00 66 2 3902445
Fax: 00 66 2 3811197

Dealer/Distributor

TEEYA MASTER SYSTS CO LTD

100/101-102 Vongvanji, Building B, 30Th Fir,

Rama 9 Road, Huaykhwang
Bangkok 10320, Thailand
Tel: 00 662 2 6451130
Fax: 00 662 2 2488540
Dealer/Distributor

HELMET INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS

AUSTRALIA

CHUBB FIRE AUSTRALIA

120 Silverwater Road, Silverwater
NSW 21 18, Australia
Tel: +61 2 8748 7440
Email: Graham_Harris@chubb.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

BRUNEI

GLAMCO AVIATION (B) SDN BHD

GPO Box 2793

Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei BS 8675
Tel: +673 2 451757
Email: shran@brunet.bn

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

WUXI FIRETRE SAFETECH

No 8, 2nd Floor, Xian Li Road
WUXI, Jiangsu Province 214021
People's Republic of China
Tel: +86 510 275 3771
Email: gao@pub.wx.jsinfo.net
Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

SAFETECH LIMITED

Block C Unit 11, 11th Floor

Wah Lock Industrial Centre, Shan Mai Street

Fo Tan Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

VIJAY SABRE SAFETY PVT LTD

Plot 35 Chandivali Village, Off Saki Vihar Rd
Mumbai 400 072, India
Tel: +91 22 28475488
Email: vijaysabre@vsnl.net

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT BUMI CERAH AGUNG

Komplex Karang, Anyar Permai
Jl Karang Anyar No 55 /Cl -17
Jakarta 10740, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 6246954
Email: rudybca@centrin.net. id
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

JIN-ASIA CORPORATION

889-3 Daedae-Ri, Unghon Myun
Ulzoo-Kun, Ulsan City, South Korea
Tel: +82 52 221 9871
Email: jinasia@nownuri.net

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9

4000 Shah Alam, Selangor

Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Tel: +60 (3) 551 00957

Email: dasaprem@dasaprem.com

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

CHUBB FIRE & SAFETY PRODUCTS

3 Fisher Crescent, Mt Wellington
Private Bag 9220, Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: +64 9 270 7234
Email: Daryl_Brown@chubb.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT COMPANY

24 New Industrial Rd, #02-08 Pei Fu Building
Singapore 536210
Tel: +65 6282 7722
Email: pie@pacific.net.sg

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALES

Unit 109, Cluster 3, Makati Prime City
7708 St Paul Road San Antonio
1203 Makati City, Philippines
Tel: +632 890 8818
Email: alliance8_jcy@pacif ic.net.ph
Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SECOROC CORPORATION

219 Chung Cheng North Road
San Chung City, Taipei Hsien
Taiwan

Tel: +88 2 8985 3838

Email: secoroc@ms21.hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

CHASE ENTERPRISE (SIAM) CO LTD

497 Phrapinklao Road, PO Box 7-67
Bangyeekhan, Bangplad
Bangkok 10700, Thailand
Tel: +66 2 883 2880
Email: chase@loxinfo.co.th
Dealer/Distributor

KERR

AUSTRALIA

FIRE RESPONSE PTY LTD

PO Box 668, New South Wales 1730,

Seven Hills, Australia

Contact: Geoff Marchant

Tel: 0061 02 9838 9044 Fax: 0061 02 9838 9071

Email: firemail@fireresponse.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

ON MAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO

6/F Block FI

Hong Kong Industrial Building

444-452 Des Voeux Road, West Hong Kong

Contact: Micheal Lui

Tel: 00852 254 72658 Fax: 00852 254 72674
Email: miclui@ctimail3.com

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

NITIN FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRIES
LIMITED

501, Delta, Technology Street
Hiranandani Gardens, Powai
Mumbai 400-076, India
Contact: Vijay Shelar

Tel: 0091 22 2570 0392 Fax: 0091 22 2570 1110
Email: shelarv@nitinfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD

1 0 & 1 2 Jalan Muara 8/9, 40 000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Contact: T.D. Murthy

Tel: 00603 5510 0957 Fax: 00603 5510 4486
Email: dasaprem@yahoo.com
Website: www.dasaprem.com

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

PSL

PO Box 69-028, 10 Akatea Road

Glendene, Auckland, New Zealand

Contact: Anne Hadfield

Tel: 0064 9 818 8048 Fax: 0064 9 818 4484

Email: anne@firemaster.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

THE EAST ASIATIC (THAILAND)

PUBLIC CO LTD - EAC

1 168/98-100 Lumpini Tower
33rd Floor, Rama IV Road, Kwang Thungmahamek
Khet, Sathorn Bangkok 10120, Thailand
Contact: Patcharaporn S.

Tel: 0066 2689 5999 Fax: 0066 2689 5888
Email: patcharaporn@eac.co.th
Dealer/Distributor

KIDDE FIRE
PROTECTION

AUSTRALIA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

3 1 4 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3 1 72
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

BRUNEI

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point, Singapore 119958
Contacts: Matthew Grierson:
mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg
Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg
Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg
Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978
Website: http://www.kiddeasia.com
Representative Office

CHINA

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office, 21/F Tower 2

88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388 Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

HONG KONG
KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office, 21/F Tower 2,

88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388 Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

INDIA

KIDDE INDIA LIMITED

EL 205, TTC Industrial Area

Mahape, Navi Mumbai, 400 710, India

Tel: +91 22 67800100 Fax: +91 22 27618444

Email: info@kiddeindia.com

Website: www.kiddeindia.com

Representative Office

INDONESIA

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

JAPAN

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road, 17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road, 17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 119958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven. tan_s_c@kidde-asia. com. sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

MACAU

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office

21/F Tower 2, 88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388 Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

MALAYSIA

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

1 7-01 & 04 Alexandra Point, Singapore 1 1 9958
Contacts: Matthew Grierson:
mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg
Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg
Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg
Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978
Website: www.kiddeasia.com
Representative Office

NEW ZEALAND

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PAPUA NEW GUINEA
KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Street Address:

314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172
Mailing Address:

PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3 1 95
Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171
Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577
Email: info@angusfire.com.au
Website: www.angusfire.com.au
Representative Office

PHILIPPINES

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 1 19958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

SINGAPORE

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road, 17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 1 19958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

TAIWAN

KIDDE CHINA

Product Support & Sales Office
21/F Tower 2
88 Container Port Road
Hong Kong

Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)

martin.dowson@kidde-china.com

Tel: 00 852 2334 2388

Fax: 00 852 2370 8381

Email: general@kidde-china.com

Representative Office

THAILAND

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE LTD

438 Alexandra Road

17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point

Singapore 1 19958

Contacts: Matthew Grierson:

mgrierson@kidde-asia.com.sg

Bob Graham: bob.graham@kidde-asia.com.sg

Steven Tan: steven.tan_s_c@kidde-asia.com.sg

Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979

Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978

Website: www.kiddeasia.com

Representative Office

L&W COMPRESSORS

AUSTRALIA

SATSIM DIVING & TRAINING

Batemans Bay, Australia
Contact: Chris Laursen
Tel: + 61 (0)2 4472 3205
Mobile: + 61 (0)415 610 934
Email: chris@satsim.com.au
Website: www.satsim.com.au
Dealer/Distributor

BANGLADESH

ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURAL
CONSULTANTS LTD

10 Dilkusha c/a, Jibon Bima Tower (8th floor)
Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Tel: +880 2-956 1610 Fax: +880 2-956 1606
Email: eac@bdmail.net

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA & HONG KONG

L&W COMPRESSORS + SYSTEMS PTE
LTD IN CHINA

Room 902, Building #6 Huirun Yuan, Tong Hui Jia
Yuan

Gao Bei Dian Xiang, Chao Yang District, 100025
Tel.: +(8610)5967-9218 Fax : +(8610)5967-9218
Cell: +(86)1314-128-1608
Email: nathan@lw.com. sg

Representative Office

HONG KONG

OCEAN PROFIT LTD

G/F, 1 04A, Fook Wah St.

Sham Shui Po, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: +852 2708 1337
Fax: +852 2725 9270
Email: charles@kikoo.com. hk
Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

CORE ENERGY SYSTEMS PVT LTD

Plot X/1 6 — 1 & 2, Prathmesh Vyapari Sankul,
MIDC Residential Zone, Dombivli (E) - 421 203
Maharashtra

Tel: +91 251 2444 800/01
Fax: + 91 251 2444 804
Mobile: 92235 93442
Email: Ashish@core.co.in

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

LAUTAN MAS

Jl. Toko Tiga No. 24
1 1230 Jakarta-Barat
Tel: +62 21 690 1333
Fax: +62 21 690 2479
Email: Office@lautanmas.com
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA

HYSINE TRADING

The Centum Park

102-2704 Haeundae-gu Jaesong 1-dong

Busan, Korea

PO Box 612-712

Tel: +8251-314 3017

Fax: +8251-988 3017

Email: hodigi2@yahoo.co.kr

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

SPECTRON SERVICES SDN BHD

66 Jalan Gelang Off Jin Sungai Besi
Jalan Imbi, 55200 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia

Tel: +603 4257 3837
Fax: +603 4256 9884

Dealer/Distributor

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD

14 Jalan PJ S 1 1/8, Bandar Sunway

461 50 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

Tel: +603 5635 6460 Fax: +603 5635 4171

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

SINERGI IKRAM (M) SDN BHD

No. 4, Jalan TPP 5/7
Taman Perindustrian Puchong
47100 Puchong
Selangor, Malaysia

Tel: +603 8068 3929 Fax: +603 8068 2091
Email: sinergi@tm.net. my

Dealer/Distributor

SABAH DIVERS

Lot 27, Ground Floor
Wisma Sabah
Jalan Haji Saman

88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Tel/Fax: 6088 256 483

Dealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

MODERN MOTORS (PVT) LTD

Beaumont Road

Modern Motors House PO Box 8505

Karachi 75530, Pakistan

Contact: Mr. Asif Chaudhri

Tel: 9221-568 0347 Fax: 9221-568 0903

Email: mmlparts@cyber.net.pk

Dealer/Distributor

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

DIVECENTRE

Contact: John Miller

Email: divecentrepng@datec.net.pg

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ASIA DIVERS

PADI 5 Star CDC centre
El Galleon Beach Resort
Abimir Place, 1741 Dian Street
Palanan, 1235 Makati City, Philippines
Tel: +632 834 2974 Fax: +632 287 3205
Mobile: +63 0917-8139941
Email: tommy@asiadivers.com
Website: www.asiadivers.com
Dealer/Distributor

SRI LANKA

LSR LANKA SPORTREIZEN

29 B, S.DE. S. Jayasinghe mawatha
Kalubowila, Dehiwela, Sri Lanka
Tel: +94 1 1 282 4500, 2824955
Fax: +94 11 2826125
Email: lsr@sri.lanka.net
Website: www.lsr-srilanka.com
Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

FIREWOLF

IF, No. 13, LANE 89, JIANG-NAN ST.

NEI-HU, TAIPEI, TAIWAN R.O.C.

Tel: +886-2-26582626 Fax: +886-2-27977890
Website: www.firewolf.com.tw

Dealer/Distributor

FULGENT SCIENTIFIC INC

1 F, 27, 66 Lane, Jui Kuang Rd.

Taipei 1 14, Taiwan R.O.C.

Contact: Mr. S.F. Sheen

Tel: +886 2 87925406 Fax: +886 2 87925734
Mobile: +886 928 276588
Email: fulgent@ms13.hinet.net
Website: www.fulgent-sic.com.tw

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

DIVE MASTER CO LTD

16 Asoke Court, Sukumvit 21 Road
Wattana, 10110 Bangkok, Thailand
Tel: 662 2593191 Fax: 662 259 31 97
Email: info@divemaster.net

Dealer/Distributor

DIVE SUPPLY CO LTD

(Service Center only) 88/5 Patak Road,

Chalong Bay, Phuket 83100, Thailand
Tel: +66-76-383414-6 Fax: +66-76-281525
Email: info@divesupply.com
Website: www.divesupply.com
Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

LOADCELL SERVICES PTE LTD

143 Binh Gia
Vung Tau, S R Vietnam
Contact: Chris Evans

Tel: (+84) 64 582373 Fax: (+84) 64 581254
Mobile: (+84) 90 3833950
Email: lcsvn@loadcellservices.com

Dealer/Distributor

MSA

AUSTRALIA

MSA (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD

137 Gilba Road, Girraween

New South Wales 2145, Australia

Tel: +61 2 9688 0333 Fax: +61 2 9896 3224

Email: customerservice@msanet.com

Website: www.msa.net.au

Representative Office

CHINA

WUXI MSA SAFETY EQUIPMENT
CO LTD

305 Xicheng Road, Wuxi

Jiangsu Province 214 046, PR. China

Tel: +86 510 310 94 54 Fax: +86 51 0 31 0 23 10

Email: info@msa-china.com

Website: www.msa-china.com

Representative Office

HONG KONG

MSA HONG KONG

Rooms 2505-2506, Tai Tung Bldg.

8 Fleming Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong
Tel: +852 2258 7533 Fax: +852 2258 8780

Representative Office

INDIA

MSA (INDIA) LIMITED

P-25, Transport Depot Road
Kolkata 700 088, India

Tel: +91 33 2449 6220 Fax: +91 33 2449 1368
Email: india@msanet.com
Website: www.msanet.com

Representative Office

INDONESIA

MSA INDONESIA

Kemayoran No. 1-K

Jalan Rajawali Selatan, Raya Blok C5 No. 2
Jakarta Utara 14410, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 640 9000 Fax: +62 21 641 2831
Email: msaina@msanet.com

Representative Office

JAPAN

MSA JAPAN LTD

No. 30-16 Nishiwaseda, 3-Chome
Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-0051
Japan

Tel: +81 3 3209 2171
Fax: +81 3 5291 8755
Email: info@msajapan.com
Website: www.msajapan.com

Representative Office

MALAYSIA

MSA MALAYSIA

65-65LG Jalan Melati Utama 4
Taman Melati Utama
53100 Setapak
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia

Tel: +60 3 41 08 7208
Fax: +60 3 4108 7209
Email: info@msasafety.com. my

Representative Office

SINGAPORE

MSA SOUTH EAST ASIA PTE LTD

51 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #02-03
129948 Singapore

Tel: +65 6776 1633 Fax: +65 6778 2529
Email: msasin@msanet.com

Representative Office

THAILAND

MSA THAILAND

281-283 Soi Sookdee, Patanakarn Road
Suanluang, Bangkok 10250, Thailand
Tel: +662 318 1765 Fax: +662 31 8 3302
Email: msa.th@msanet.com

Representative Office

NITTAN

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

QESS FIRE AND SECURITY

Quantum Business Park, Unit 60, 7-9 Percy St.

Auburn NSW 2144, Australia

Tel: +61 2 9737 0933

Email: sales@qess.com.au

Website: www.nittan.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

NOTIFIER/INERTIA
FIRE SYSTEMS

AUSTRALIA

NOTIFIER/INERTIA FIRE SYSTEMS

Sydney, Australia

Tel: 61-2-9899-4155 Fax: 61-2-9899-4156

Additional Locations: Brisbane, Queensland
Melbourne, Victoria

Representative Office

CHINA

NOTIFIER CHINA

Shanghai, China

Tel: 86-21-5027-21 19 Fax: 86-21-5027-31 19

Representative Office

HONG KONG

NOTIFIER HONG KONG

Kowloon, Hong Kong

Tel: 852-2730-9090 Fax: 852-2736-6590

Representative Office

INDIA

NOTIFIER INDIA

Mumbai, India

Tel: 852-2730-9090 Fax: 852-2736-6590

Representative Office

Additional Locations in India: New Delhi, Chennai,
Bangalore, Calcutta, Gurgaon

SINGAPORE

NOTIFIER SINGAPORE

Tel: 65-6271-5503 Fax: 65-6271-9961

Representative Office

TAIWAN

NOTIFIER TAIWAN

Taipei, Taiwan

Tel: 886-2-2245-7248 Fax: 886-2-2245-0927

Representative Office

PBI PERFORMANCE
PRODUCTS

CHINA

WAH TAI ENTERPRISES

PO. Box No. 10303

General Post Office, Hong Kong, China
Tel: 852-9098-7262 Fax: 852-2782-0718
Email: johnnyho@wtyf.com
Website: www.wtyf.com

Dealer/Distributor

PPS LTD

AUSTRALIA

OPEC SYSTEMS PTY LTD

3/4 Aquatic Drive, Frenchs Forest

New South Wales 2086, Australia

Contact: Peter Murphy

Tel: +61 2 9453 9077 Fax: +61 2 9975 7808

Website: www.opecsystems.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

HONG KONG

SAFETECH LIMITED

Block C Unit 11-12, 17/F, Wah Lok Industrial Centre
Shan Mei Street, FO Tan, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong
Contact: Andy Chan

Tel: +852 2687 4038 Fax: +852 2684 2784
Website: www.safetech.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA/CHINA/SOUTH
AMERICA/UAE/OMAN/ABU DHABI/SAUDI
ARABIA/QUATAR/JORDON/IRAN/BAHRAIN

Mike Vincent, National Account Manager -
Export Sales

Protection House, Sherbourne Drive, Tilbrook,
Milton Keynes, Bucks, ENGLAND MK7 8HX
Mobile: 07833 575999

Tel: +44 (0)1 908 272240 Fax: +44 (0)1 908 371605
Email: sales@ppsgb.com
Website: www.ppsgb.com

Dealer/Distributor

ISRAEL

AMOS GAZIT LIMITED

5 Odem St., Petach-Tikva, P O Box 7700, ISRAEL
Contact: Man Shalev

Tel: +972 392 50013 Fax: +972 392 27766
Website: www.gazit.co.il

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN - TOKYO

CORNES & COMPANY LIMITED

F-Nissei Ebisu Building, 16-3, Higashi 3-chome,
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-845, JAPAN
Contact: Jun Takahashi
Tel: +81-3-5774-9971 Fax: +813-5774-9980
Website: www.cornes.co.jp
Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN - OSAKA

CORNES & COMPANY LTD

1- 13-40 Nishi Honmachi, Nishi-Ku,

Osaka 550-0005, JAPAN
Contact: Tomiko Nomura

Tel: +81-6-6532-1017 Fax: +81 665 327749
Website: www.cornes.co.jp
Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

GODO ENGINERRING LTD

3F, 219-2, Buam-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul,

110-817, Korea

Contact: Koan Namkung

Tel: 822-396-1522 Fax: 822-396-1524

Website: www.godoeng.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

TMR ALAM SDN BHD

G-9 Impian Kota, Jalan Kampung Attap
50460 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Contact: Mazlan Omar
Tel: +60 3227 35200 Fax: +60 3227 35171

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

J S LANGEN AGENCIES LIMITED

Trading as Wholesafe, 4 Whyte Street

PO Box 40, Foxton, New Zealand

Tel: +64 6 363 7311 Fax: +64 6 363 6948

Free Phone: (NZ ONLY) 0800 526 436

Email: judy@wholesafe.co.nz

Website: www.wholesafe.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

FORCE 21 EQUIPMENT PTE LIMITED

61 Kaki Buki Ave 1, Shun LI Ind Park

02- 24 S (41 7943), Singapore
Contact: Mr Daniel Cheah

Tel: 0065 6848 4424 Fax: 0065 6848 4434

Dealer/Distributor

NOAH AGENCIES 'N' MARINE
SERVICES PTE LTD

43 Kian Teck Drive, Jurong, Singapore 628856
Tel: +65 6266 0788 Fax: +65 6266 1042
Website: www.noah.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

NELVEN CO LIMITED

14F-6 No 76 Sec 1, Fu-Shing S Road, Taipei, Taiwan
Contact: C T Cho

Tel: +886 22721 9770 Fax: +886 28773 2047
Website: www.nelven.com.tw

Dealer/Distributor

RESQTEC

AUSTRALIA

DELTA FIRE AUSTRALASIA PTY LTD

PO Box 2149, Mansfield, Queensland

4122, Australia

Contact: Mr Bob Grieve

Tel: +617 3277 6063 Fax: +617 3277 6036

Email: bob@deltafire.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

BANGLADESH

MANIK BROTHERS

Hai Mansion (3rd Floor)

9/3 Motijheel Circular Road

Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh

Contact: Mr A. K. Bhowmick

Tel: +880-2-71 0-0589/+880-2-71 0-0827

Fax: +880-2-710-1331

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

TUNG SHING TRADE DEVELOPMENT
CO LTD

Room 1601, Yishang Building, No. 11, Malian

Road, Guang Wai 100055 Beijing

Contact: Mr Joseph Yip/Mr Roy Tsoi

Tel: +86 10 6339 5834 Fax: +86 10 6328 8649

Email: info@tungshingfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

TUNG SHING TRADE DEVE'L CO LTD

Suit 906, 9/F, ICBC Tower,

3 Garden Road, Central Hong Kong
Contact: Mr Joseph Yip/Mr Roy Tsoi
Tel: (852) 2578 6088 Fax: (852) 2887 6993
Email: roytsoi@tungshingfire.com
Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

AIR DRIVE EQUIPMENTS CO PVT LTD

Aman Chambers, 1 13, New Queens' Road

PO. Box 3695, 400 004 Mumbai, India

Contact: MrVinod Bhojania

Tel: +91 2223678689

Fax: +91 2223675229/+9 2223639163

Email: airdrive@vsnl.net

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT LAVINTA BUANA SAKTI

Komplek Rukan Puri Kencana

Block K7 No. 3e, Jakarta 11610, Indonesia

Contact: Ms G. Any Nurcahyanti, Se

Tel: +6-2215823570

Fax: +6-2215826676

Email: lavinta@cbn.net. id

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

Z-PRODUCE COMPANY

6-3-1 7, Tanimachi Chuo - Ku

542-0012 Osaka City, Japan

Contact: Mr Satoru Hayashi

Tel: +816-6-768-9700

Fax: +81 6-6-762-4837/+886-3-322-3908

Email: info@zumro-pro.com

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

DAE RYU K TECH CO

(4X4 KOREA)

#BA-1 21 2 Chung-Ang, Circulation Complex
1258 Kuro-Dong, Kuro-Gu, Seoul 152-721, Korea
Contact: Mr Sung Dong, Kim
Tel: +82-2-2625 5060 Fax: +82-2-2625 5535
Email: top@1 19rescue.com
Dealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

HASEEN HABIB CORPORATION (PVT) LTD

27, Nicholson Rd, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Contact: Mr Ata-ur-Rahman Barry

Tel: (042) 636 7222

Fax: (042) 636 8855/(042) 637 4041

Email: barry@firechief.com.pk

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

BOSTON HOME INC SUPPLY

168, Apo St, Sta. Mesa, Heights
Quezon City, Philipines 1 100
Contact: Bernard Tiongson
Tel: +632-4123726 Fax: +632-4150130
Email: boston@pldtdsl.net
Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

BOSS MOTOR CO LTD

No. 10, Alley 8, Lane 227, 4 Sec.

Chang Hsing Rd., Lu Chu Shiang
Taoyuan (338) Taiwan. R.O.C.

Contact: Mr F. T. Chen

Tel: +886-3-3118199 Fax: +886-3-322-3908
Email: boss.motor@msa.hinet.net

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

ROYAL EN-TECH CO LTD

88, Phichai Road Dusit, Bangkok 10300
Contact: Mr Somphop Kongdej-Adisak/Mr Phichit
Thinsantisuk

Tel: +662-6691 1 91 -3/+662-24362 1 5-7
Fax: +662-241 1 839/+662-24301 05
Email: royalent@ksc.th.com

Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

HIEPHOA EQUIPMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND TRADING CO LTD

1 1 , Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da Dist.,

Hanoi, Vietnam

Contact: Ms Minh Phuong/Mr Trung

Tel: +84 4 7731961

Fax: +84 4 773 1 962/+84 4 7734553

Email: minhphuong0603@gmail.com/

hiephoa@hn.vnn.vn

Dealer/Distributor

RUSSWURM
VENTILATOREN GMBH

AUSTRALIA

COMSOLINT

1402-2214 Gold Coast HWY
AU-4218 Mermaid Beach
Queensland

Tel: 0061 4394 93332 Fax: 0061 7300 90527
Email: info@comsolint.net

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

WUHAN GDW-BROCOO

Pneumatic Technique Co. Ltd. No 1001 B Building,
Triumphal Arc, CN-430070 Plaza Xudong Road
Wuhan, China

Tel: +86 27 86835595 Fax: +86 27 86728946
Email: brocoo58@yahoo.com.cn

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

GAS ENGG. P LTD

C408, Shiv Sagar, Plot No 79, Gorai II,
Borivali West, IND-400 091 Mumbai, India
Tel: 0091 9820035452
Email: gec@vsnl.net

Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

NARAYANI AGENCIES

J. B. Business Centre, Room No. 18,

Fifth Floor 506, 1 16 Park Lane S.D. Road
IN-500003 SECUNDERABAD, Indonesia
Email: sunita_na2001@yahoo.com

Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

SAGE TECHNOLOGIES

JAPAN

COMTEC COMPANY

Tokyo 202-0023, Japan
Tel: +81 4 22 72 1199

Dealer/Distributor

TASK FORCE TIPS, INC.

AUSTRALIA

GAAM EMERGENCY PRODUCTS

29 Temple Dr.,

PO Box 21 1 Thomastown, Victoria, 3074, Australia
Tel: +61 3 9466 1244 Fax: 61 3 9466 4743
Email: bkincade@tycoint.com
Website: www.gaam.com.au

Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

SHANGHAI JINDE INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT CO LTD

Room 610, 1 Lane 50, Xin Cun Road
Shanghai, 200065, China
Tel: +86 21-360-50599 Fax: +86 21-360-55599
Email: jmgushon@online.sh.cn

Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

ROTTER INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

Unit A G/F. Hung To Road
6-8 Hung To Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: 85227517770 Fax: 85227562051
Email: jacky@rotter.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

UNIVERSAL CARS LIMITED

UCL House, 374-380 Castle Peak Road
Tsuen Wan, N.T.

Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2414 0231 Fax: +852 2413 6063
Email: andrewplh@simedarby.com.hk
Website: www.mitsubishi-motors.com.hk

Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

FOREMOST TECHNICO PVT LIMITED

M-1, Green Park Extension
New Delhi 110016, India

Tel: +91 (11)2619 6997 Fax: +91 (11)2616 6961

Dealer/Distributor

Mumbai Resi./Office:

803, 8th Floor, Bldg. No. 23 C, Opp.

Jalvayu Vihar, Hiranandani Gardens, Powai,
Mumbai - 400 076
Email: info@tca.co.in
Website: www.tca.co.in

INDONESIA

PT PALMAS ENTRACO

Jl. Krekot 85, Jakarta-Pusat
Indonesia

Tel: +62 (21) 384 1681 Fax: +62 (21) 380 2660
Email: ptpalmas@attglobal.net

Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

YONE CORPORATION

23, Nishinakaai-Cho

Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604

Japan

Tel: +81 (7) 582-1 1 1 85 Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263
Email: t.yone@myad.jp
Website: www.yone-co.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

SHILLA FIRE CO LTD

433-1 1 Non Hon-Dong

Nam Dong-Gu, Inchon City 405-300

South Korea

Tel: +82-02-3665 901 1 Fax: +82-02-3663 91 1 3
Email: kofire77@hotmail.com
Website: www.firekorea.com

Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

CME EDARAN SDN BHD

Lot 19, Jalan Delima 1/1

Subang Hi-Tech industrial Park

Batu Tiga, 4000 Shah Alam

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Tel: +60 (3) 56331 188 Fax: +60 (3) 56343838

Email: simon.tan@cme.com. my

Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALES

Unit 109 Cluster 3

Makati Prime City, 7708 St. Paul Rd.

Brgy San Antonio, Makati City, Philippines
Tel: +63 (2) 897-2037 Fax: +63 (2) 896-0083
Email: alliance8_jcy@pacific.net.ph
Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

S.K. FIRE PTE LTD

8 Tuas Drive 2, Singapore 638643, Singapore
Tel: +65 6862 3155 Fax: +65 6862 0273
Email: houchin@skfire.com
Website: www.skfire.com

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

YONE CORPORATION

23, Nishinakaai-Cho, Nishinokyo

Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, Japan

Tel: +81 (7) 582-1 1 1 85 Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263

Email: t.yone@myad.jp

Website: www.yone-co.co.jp

Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

ANTI-FIRE, CO LTD

316-316/1 Sukhumvit 22 Rd

Klongtoey Klongtoey, Bangkok, 10110 Thailand

Tel: 6622596898 Fax: 6622582422

Email: sithichai@antifire.com

Website: www.antifire.com

Dealer/Distributor

SEAT PATTAYA CO LTD

138/74, 18th Floor, Jewellery Centre,

Nares Road, Siphraya, Bangrak

Bangkok 10500, Thailand

Tel: +66 (2) 267 3273 Fax: +66 (2) 267-3280

Email: pongpen@loxinfo.co.th

Dealer/Distributor

TYCO FIRE & SECURITY

INDONESIA

TYCO FIRE & SECURITY

Pt. ODG Wormald Indonesia

Jl . Let Jen. TB. Simatupang no. 1 50 B

Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, Jakarta, 12530

Representative Office

VETROTECH

JAPAN

SAINT-GOBAIN HANGLAS
(JAPAN) K.K.

6F/L Saint-Gobain Bldg, 3-7, Kojimachi

Chiyoda-Ku, J-Tokyo 102-0083

Contact: Mr Sadahiro Inada

Tel: +81 3 5275 08 63 Fax: +81 3 5275 0913

Email: infoVSGJ.vetrotech@saint-gobain.com

Website: www.vetrotech.com

Representative Office

KOREA (SOUTH)

HANKUK PROCESSED GLASS INC

585-14, Gajwa-Dong

Incheon, 404-250, Seo-Gu, Seoul/South Korea

Contact: Mr Jung Soo Park

Tel: +82 32 580 04 07

Fax: +82 32 579 04 30

Email: jspark@hanglas.co.kr

Website: www.hanglas.co.kr

Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

ADAMS STEELGUARD LTD

137 Sunnybrae Rd., Glenfield, Auckland
New Zealand

Contact: Mr Graeme Knowles

Tel: 649-443-2722

Fax: 649-443-7877

Email: graeme@steelguard.co.nz

Website: www.steelguard.co.nz

Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

SAINT-GOBAIN (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD

15 Beach Road, #04-01 Beach Centre

Singapore 1 89677

Contact: Mr Elsen Chan

Tel: +65 63372276

Fax: +65 63372247

Email: Elsen.chan@saint-gobain.com

Website: www.saint-gobain.com

Representative Office

TAIWAN

INEX BUILDING MATERIALS &
INSTALLATION CO LTD

4F. No. 219, Sec. 1,TunhwaS. Rd.

Taipei, Taiwan

Contact: Mr William Chen

Tel: 886-2-2740 3475

Fax: 886-2-2740 3479

Email: inex@ms36.hinet.net

Website: www.inex.twmail.net

Dealer/Distributor

WOLF SAFETY LAMP

AUSTRALIA

WHYTE-HALL (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD

Unit 2, 81-83 Station Road
Seven Hills, NSW 2 147
Australia

Contact: Matthew MacRae
Tel: +612 9838 4420
Fax: +612 9838 4460
Email: info@whyte-hall.com
Website: www.whyte-hall.com
Dealer/Distributor

JAPAN

PLUS ALPHA CORPORATION

5-9-12-608 Magamoto Minami-Ku, Saitama City

Saitama, 336-0033 Japan

Contact: Mr R Hashimoto

Tel: +81 48 865 7784

Fax: +81 48 865 7784

Email: p-alpha@nifty.com

Dealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

DAE MYUNG CORP

368-1 Gupyeong-Dong
Saha-Gu, Pusan, Korea
Contact: Mr Jung Won Lee
Tel: +82 51 261 0035
Fax: +82 51 264 0081
Email: daemyung@kornet.net
Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

WINDSOR MARINE PTE LTD

28 Joo Koon Circle, Singapore 629057

Contact: Mr Michael Lim

Tel: +65 6349 1930

Fax: +65 6778 6882

Email: winmar01@singnet.com.sg

Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

POLICO INTERNATIONAL CORP

3F, No. 43 Fuguo Road (Shin-Lin)

Taipei, Taiwan
Contact: MrC.T. Huang
Tel: +8862 8866 1003
Fax: +88862 8866 5479
Email: bbb8@ms18.hinet.net
Dealer/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ADVERTISERS' INDEX

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Avon Protection 39

Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd. 39

Bio-Ex 55

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BW Technologies by Honeywell 43

Chemetron Fire Systems IBC

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Dr. Sthamer Hamburg 65

Du Pont FE 04

Du Pont Surface Protection Solutions 25

E2V Technologies 33

Elkhart Brass Mfg Co Inc 69

FDIC Bahrain 17

Fire Fighting Enterprises 55

Fire & Rescue Asia 2007 09

GB Solo Ltd. 28

Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd. 27

Holmatro Rescue Equipment 50

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ISG Thermal Systems 30

Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH 06

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COMPUTER OPERATIONS

TELECOMMUNICATION

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OFFSHORE/MARINE

MANUFACTURING

:i ANSUL

tijca

JUST A FEW OF THE PLACES ANSUL. FOAM MAKES PERFECT SENSE.

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Innovative Fire Solutions

FUEL STORAGE/HANDLING

An MDM PUBLICATION
Issue 24 - December 2007

www.mdmpublishing.com

MAGAZINE

ASIA PACIFIC

REPORtlflf; TO THE ASIATACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY

l/min Where You Want It!

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Fax : 61394664743
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CHINA

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* * Rotter International Ltd.

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JAPAN

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FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

December 2007
issue 24

Front Cover Picture: New Zealand Dept
of Conservation Fire Fighter sent to help
with a Bush Fire in Victoria, Australia in
late 2006. Picture courtesy of Pacific
Helmets (NZ) Ltd.

Publishers

Mark Seton & David Staddon

Editorial Contributors

Keith Ward, Joan M Leedy, John
Nicholson, Simon Pate, Rodd
Carringer, Peter J Ebersold, Trista A
Budd, Gerd Pearson, Jack Kusters,
Marco van Wijngaarden, Alan Brinson

APF is published quarterly by:

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ISSN - 1476-1386

DISCLAIMER:

Reprints of articles are available on request.
Prices on application to the Publishers.

Page design by Dorchester
Typesetting Group Ltd
Printed in Singapore

Contents

45-48

05 NFPA Foreword

07-13 News &

Product Profiles

15-19 Fire Fighting

Helmet Standards are
a-changing. But are
they changing fast
enough?

21-28 Testing Fire
Fighting Foam in
Marine Applications

31-36 Treating

NFPA 99

39-42 NOt All

Hazards are the same:
Design Considerations
for matching Flame
and Gas Hazards to
Detector Technologies

45-48 Large Fires

Require Large water
and Foam Flows

50-52 Specifying

Fire Alarm Systems

55-57 Taking a

Modular Approach to
SCBA

59-62 Heavy

vehicle RTAs

64-68 use of

Simulation for ARFF
Crash Truck Driving &
Operations

69-71 Sprinklers in

warehouses

72-79 Distributor &

Representative Office
Listing

80 Advertisers' index

69-71

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COMPARISON

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Fax: +44 (0) 1935 426 926

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You protect your building from a number of
threats— lawsuits, theft, system failures.

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The miracles of science"

FOREWORD

NFFff

4IW-J--MJ

By Olga Caledonia

Executive Director
International
Operations, NFPA

Foreword

NFPA 1600 and the Role of
Partnerships

Recent international disasters, whether natural or manmade, have increased the
interest in using or adopting NFPA 1600, Standard on Emergency Management
and Business Continuity Programs. NFPA 1 600 has proven to be a widely used
international document across regions. Today there is an international
acknowledgment that efforts to reduce hazards and disaster risk must be
systematically integrated into national policies and projects. These efforts must

be supported through bilateral, regional
partnerships.

L ast August in Beijing NFPA participated as a
principal member of the steering committee
on the First China -US Conference on Disaster
Management. The conference sponsors were the
China Association for Disaster Prevention and
the China International Conference Center for
Science and Technology based in Beijing; and
Global Interactions, Inc. from the United States.
One of the key objectives of the conference was to
develop partnerships between individuals, institu-
tions, and agencies to continue the dialogue and
exchange and to create sustainable relationships
that will impact the field of disaster management
worldwide. The two-day technical presentations
ranged from earthquake research to academic
programs to naturally fire-resistant trees used as a
fire break. "The conference was assessed to be
very successful and the representatives from the
PRC have expressed an interest in a continuing
series of conferences on disaster management"
notes Dean R. Larson, NFPA 1600 Committee
member and also member of the steering commit-
tee. A few weeks before that, in late June NFPA
held a 1600 conference workshop in Buenos Aires,
Argentina in partnership with the local standard
developer, IRAM. The one day conference brought
together 1,800 industry professionals from
Argentina and nearby countries. These are
examples of recent NFPA activities to accelerate
the exchange of best practices and lay emphasis
on the importance of partnerships.

Developed with input from such public and
private-sector organizations as the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency, the National
Emergency Management Association, and the
International Association of Emergency Managers,
NFPA 1600 is the only existing process-based
national or international standard that identifies
key functional areas and an overall strategy for
disaster preparedness and business continuity for
both private and public-sector organizations. It
takes a "total program approach" to disaster and
emergency management and business continuity

and international cooperation, including

by providing common elements, techniques, and
processes that can serve as a general strategic-
level guide in the development of an overall
program. NFPA 1600 provides guidance that cities
and towns can use to develop their own disaster
programs, allowing them to coordinate and
manage their resources when preparing for,
responding to, and recovering from large-scale
emergencies and disasters. Given the vast
difference among various types of industries and
organizations, more detailed plans and operational-
level policies and procedures are best developed
on a company-by-company basis.

The standard (available for free downloading
from NFPA's Website) is a significant global
resource for private-sector preparedness, worthy
of greater communication and use. It has also
been translated into Spanish, French, Chinese,
Japanese and Korean.

It is time to face the fact that events like terrorist
attacks and historic natural disasters happen. And,
the preparation we have done to face those events
or even the more routine events that we rely on
our fire departments to handle, translate directly
into lives saved. At NFPA, we will continue our
work at the local, national and international levels
to make sure that the needs of fire departments
and/or emergency responders are understood by
public officials and the public itself. Disasters often
cause the reexamination of programs and processes
that are intended to ensure survival. The most
current 2007 edition of NFPA 1600 reflects a
reexamination of disaster and emergency manage-
ment programs and as a result, Prevention was
"added" as a separate core element. For preven-
tive interventions to be effective, risk assessment
must be employed to identify those hazards which
could and should be prevented. We invite you to
take a look at the NFPA 1600 document
http://www.nfpa. 0 rg/assets/files//PDF/NFPAI 6 OO.pdf
and share with the appropriate private or public
entities which might benefit from a document
used and recognized worldwide.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LIMIT

Fire fighting helmets
and thermal imaging
cameras

Weighing only 750g with the ability to adapt the
camera to suit individual requirements, the S2 takes
hand held and hands free technology even further.

Our cutting-edge technology brings you the
smallest fire fighting thermal imaging camera

Half the size of the original
SoloVision and the lightest
fire fighting TIC in the world

The SOLOvision S2 can be used as a hands-free unit or it can be hung
over the neck like a pair of binoculars using the neck strap. It is the
lightest and smallest thermal imaging camera in the World. It is suitable
for use with all known breathing apparatus and gas masks. As an all
round camera with the capability to monitor for fire / search and rescue of
victims, there is no better camera for the job.

Specification:

• Direct temperature measurement

with box indicator to show the

measured area

Optional upgrades available soon:

• Graphical User Interface for
setting up the camera

• World’s first mission profiling
imager

• Scene colourisation with user

• Frame capture and storage

settable colour scheme

• Video capture and storage

• Time and date on the display

• Digital zoom

• Ambient temperature

• Battery level indicator

measurement

• Customisable start up screen

• Integrated Internal Battery

Our lightest and
smallest, long
wavelength infrared
camera core

don’t go it alone

go with solo

Agencies worldwide. For full details or to arrange a demonstration with a GB Solo
representative contact - GB Solo Ltd. Tel: +44 (0)1609 881855

• Fax: +44 01609 881103 • email: sales@gbsolo.co.uk • www.gbsolo.co.uk

NEWS

For a better overview

New thermal
imaging camera
from Drager

The optionally integrated ThermalScan
function provides an adjustable,
temperature-dependent display of the
operational area. Areas with a higher
temperature will be displayed in yellow
when selected by the user.

The camera can be modularly upgraded
with easy-to install-handles. The selection
consists of a purely mechanical carrying
hold, one for the wireless image transfer
to the receiving terminal and one for the
saving of images and movies.

Dragerwerk AG is an international
leader in the fields of medical and safety
technology. Drager products protect,
support and save human life. Founded in
1889, in 2006 the Group achieved sales of
€1,801 million worldwide and an EBIT of
€148.2 million. Today, Drager employs
around 10,000 people in more than 40
subsidiaries worldwide and has a
representation around 190 countries. The
Drager Safety division offers products,
services and system solutions for all
encompassing Risk Management such as
Personal- and Facility Protection.

For more information, visit
www.draeger.com

For further information please contact:
Draeger Safety Asia Pte Ltd
Email: justin.kung@draeger.com
Website: www.draeger.com.sg

DRAGER presents a new generation of
internally-developed thermal imaging
cameras at the A+A 2007: The Drager
UCF® 1600 and the high resolution
Drager UCF® 3200. The Drager UCF
1600 has a picture resolution of 160
pixels x 120 pixels. The Drager UCF 3200
has a high resolution of 320 pixels x 240
pixels and simplifies documentation and
analysis of hazardous situations.

Applications for thermal imaging
cameras is many-sided including use in
firefighting, orientation in darkness or in
smoky rooms, finding people, accidents
with hazardous materials or for the
searching for blind passengers in cargo
bays. The sensor technology of a thermal
imaging camera makes the thermal
radiation of a person or an object visible. It
is displayed graphically on the camera
screen. The major advantage is the
possibility to localize people and objects
clearly without the hindrances from
external influences such as thick smoke or
darkness. Thermal imaging cameras can
deliver clear images where normal cameras
or night vision devices fail.

Drager UCF 1600 and Drager UCF 3200
use a digital 2x zoom to double size
picture selection. Another standard feature
is the five predefined color palettes, which
enable the optimal viewing of the
thermographic images. The rechargeable
lithium ion battery ensures uninterrupted
operation for more than four hours. An
innovative battery management system
displays the remaining capacity of the
rechargeable battery linearly - similar to a
fuel gauge.

Owdl

AMKUS Debuts NEW
AMK-30CRT Spreader
at Fire-Rescue
International in
Atlanta

AMKUS Rescue Systems
(Downers Grove, IL USA) is
proud to introduce their NEW
AMK-30CRT Spreader based
on their legendary field-
proven AMK-30CX spreader.

It incorporates the
innovative push-button
removable tip design that
has made the AMK-24
spreader one of the
most successful
product launches in
AMKUS' 30+ year
history. With the
addition of the optional
extended reach tips
(part #391 000001 010)
the AMK-30CRT creates an
amazing 40 inches of spread.

The AMK-30CRT is sold
either as a completely new
unit or as an upgrade package
for current owners of the original
AMK-30CX. The upgrade package includes new
arms and tips at a specially discounted price.
Extended reach tips are available as optional
equipment for both the AMK-24 and the AMK-
30CRT spreaders.

AMKUS also manufactures a complete line of
high performance hydraulic rescue tools and
extrication equipment including: spreaders,
cutters, combination tools, rams, power units
and the innovative ARRS Rope Rescue system.

For more information, please contact:
AMKUS Rescue Systems
Email: experts@amkus.com
Website: www.amkus.com

Haztec Launch the XSC The Ultimate
LED Directional warning Lights ?m

Each large XSC LED Module features a total of
12 latest Generation 3 UHP LED's angled within
the convex optic lens to give 1 80 Degree
coverage producing a vivid front and side
warning signal. Although ideal for all types of
Emergency Vehicles XSC is particularly good for
mounting on the front sides and rear of Fire

Vehicles. The advanced light gathering optics produce a superior high intensity warning signal.

The led modules are available in Blue, Red, Amber Green and White. The external polycarbonate
lense in Clear, Blue, Red or Amber and the Cast Alloy Surface Mount
and Bumper Housings in White or Black.

XSC are powered by a remote mount 10-40 Volt Operation Flasher
Control with switchable outputs. The control also has Selectable Flash
patterns and Steady-On Cruise Light Option at 10% of light output.

For more information,
please contact:

Haztec International Ltd
Tel: +44 113 202 9115
Email: lnfo@Haztec.biz

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

New Cromwell Fire Helmet
Performs Dual Role

Operational demands on the Fire and
Rescue Services have changed dramatically
over the past decade, raising the need to
provide increased levels of protection and
comfort for personnel involved in fire and
rescue operations.

In the case of helmets it is generally
accepted that less than a third of all 'call
outs' to the Fire and Rescue Services
require the need for a structural fire
fighting helmet. Other incidents not
requiring this type of helmet include road
traffic accidents, woodland fire fighting,
water rescue, urban search and rescue
and industrial incidents such as confined
space rescue operations.

To meet these requirements, HELMET
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS LTD (HISL) has
developed the Cromwell dual helmet
system featuring two helmet shells that
can be integrated into one.

The base helmet, the Cromwell ER1,
is designed for emergency and rescue
operations that do not require a
structural fire-fighting helmet, making it
also suitable for use by paramedic, water

rescue and civil defence personnel. The
helmet has an integral internal visor, and
can be fitted with accessories such ear
defenders and a full faceshield. In

Fire Product Search
proves to be a big hit!

FIRE PRODUCT SEARCH, the next “■
generation of product guide, has
proved a huge success since
launching earlier this year. Based on
actual fire products, the Fire Product *
Search website allows users to make ;
the right choice when specifying fire
equipment by providing up to date
detailed information.

Fire Product Search features
hundreds of the world's leading fire
equipment manufacturers giving
users a huge choice when searching
for fire products. Updated
constantly it provides reliable
information at the click of a button.

Fire Product Search goes one step
further! Rather than list fire product
categories Fire Products Search features
detailed product descriptions, pictures and
technical specifications plus full
information on manufacturers and their
distributor networks.

Still flicking through bulky buyers
guides? Fire Product Search has been
specially designed to make searching for
products a quick and enjoyable
experience. Visitors can browse through

categories, search using keywords or by
company with ease. A FREE monthly
e-newsletter, information on the latest
global fire conferences and exhibitions plus
industry news can also be found at
www.fireproductsearch.com
Join over 1 5,000 visitors at
www.fireproductsearch.com, we look
forward to seeing you.

Companies can register with Fire Product
Search for FREE, for more information visit
www.fireproductsearch.com

The Cromwell FR2 Structural Fire
Fighting Fie I met

addition, the helmet can be configured for
specialised applications such as heli-deck,
coastguard, air sea rescue and public
security operations

The Cromwell FR2 with an integral full
face shield, has an internal clip
arrangement enabling it to be fitted to the
ER1 base helmet in seconds, providing
additional heat, flame and impact
protection to the wearer when
undertaking structural fire fighting
operations. The FR2 can also be fitted with
integral communications, neck capes and
SCABA facemask fixing points.

The Cromwell helmet is manufactured
using the latest moulding techniques and
materials, and was designed with
reference to international
anthropometrical data relating to male
and female emergency personnel across
arrange of ethnic groups, establishing
that the helmet is suitable for
international use

HISL, the Hertfordshire UK based, ISO
9001 approved manufacturer of the new
Cromwell helmet, supplies many of the UK
Fire Services with its Cromwell F500 and
F600 fire helmets and is the leading
international supplier of aircrew helmets
for military and commercial aircraft.

HISL is able to offer sample helmets for
evaluation and trial to interested fire and
emergency service users.

For more information, please contact:
Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd.

Tel: +44 (0) 1462 478014
Email: bgaskell@helmets.co.uk

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

Chubb PEPS Fire
Protection System

The first to be compliant with new standards

The new Australian Standard, AS 5062 "Fire protection for mobile and transportable
equipment" has raised the bar for fire protection systems used on heavy machinery. The
result of four years of development originating from the needs of the mining industry,
AS 5062 provides a nationally consistent and sound approach to the design, installation
and operation of fire protection systems used on mobile equipment in Australia.

For more information , please
contact:

Chubb Fire Safety

A UTC Fire & Security
Company

120 Silverwater Road
Silverwater NSW 2128
Tel: +61 (2) 8748 7637
Fax: +61 (2) 8748 7450
Website: www.chubb.com.au

C hubb Fire Safety is committed to meeting the
highest industry standards and is proud to be
the first manufacturer to have its PEFS (Pre-
Engineered Foam Spray) fire suppression system
independently assessed for compliance to the
requirements of AS 5062. Chubb's PEFS system has
been assessed by CSIRO and is the first AS 5062
compliant fire protection system listed on CSIRO's
ActivFire Register of Fire Protection Equipment.

Whilst developed specifically with the mining
industry in mind, AS 5062 is also applicable to
mobile plant and vehicles used in a wide range of
industries. This could include the forestry, construc-
tion, rail and agricultural industries where equip-
ment typically operates in harsh environments and
maybe subject to severe shock and vibration. AS
5062 incorporates rigorous component testing crite-
ria to ensure fire systems are "fit for purpose" for
use in the harsh environments in which they are
required to operate.

In addition, as fires on large mining vehicles can
spread rapidly, potentially endangering life, resulting
in loss of high value capital equipment and causing
severe business interruption, fire systems must not
only be "fit for purpose" in terms of component
durability but also in terms of suppressing the
extremely challenging fires which are typically
encountered. As a result, challenging fire testing
protocols are included in AS 5062 to prove fire
system performance

Chubb's PEFS system achieves impressive fire sup-
pression capabilities through the combination of
foam discharged in the form of a finely atomized
spray. Strategically positioned nozzles direct the
high velocity foam spray and provide "three dimen-
sional" fire fighting properties, allowing the system
to suppress pressure fires that may occur as a result
of a ruptured fuel or hydraulic line. The fine droplets
of foam are extremely efficient at absorbing large
amounts of heat before turning to steam, which
further enhances the three dimensional fire fighting
properties of the system. Once discharged, the
foam is effective in suppressing spill or pool fires
which may result from the collection or leakage of
fuel. The resulting foam blanket provides post fire
securement.

A number of significant product improvements
have been incorporated in Chubb's PEFS system to
comply with the requirements of AS 5062, including
the VS Control System. The VS Control System is an
electronic detection and control system which inter-
faces with the fire suppression system and the
machine being protected. The VS control system
provides system status and fault monitoring and can
be configured to control suppression system activa-
tion, provide auxiliary alarm outputs and equipment
shutdown functions. The VS control system incorpo-
rates battery back-up in case of loss of primary

power and all detection and actuation circuitry is
monitored for faults.

PEFS systems can be configured for manual and
automatic actuation, and supports multiple detec-
tion options to suite specific applications. Detection
options include Loss of Pressure (LOP) or Rise of
Pressure (ROP) pneumatic detection and or Linear
Heat Detection (LHD) cable.

In addition to proving fire systems are fit for
purpose, another prime objective of AS 5062 is to
formalise good practice and provide a consistent
approach to the fire risk reduction techniques used
to safeguard life, property and the environment
from fire on mobile equipment. AS 5062 includes
requirements covering the design, installation, com-
missioning, and maintenance of fire protection
systems by competent personnel.

Chubb's system technicians are trained to a
nationally endorsed competency specifically cover-
ing installation, inspection, testing and maintenance
of pre-engineered fire systems for transportable
equipment. This competency forms part of the
nationally recognised qualification - Certificate III in
Asset Maintenance.

Chubb has been supplying and installing PEFS
systems for over 20 years and has fostered close
relationships with original equipment manufacturers
with a view to continuously improve its PEFS prod-
uct and service offering. This commitment to con-
tinuous improvement is evident in the AS 5062
compliant PEFS system.

Chubb Australasia became part of UTC Fire &
Security, a United Technologies Corp. (NYSE:UTX)
business unit, in July 2003. UTC Fire & Security
employs more than 43,000 people in 25 countries
and owns the Chubb and Kidde brands.

UTC Fire & Security leads the world in special-
hazard fire and explosion suppression systems for
land-based, vehicle and marine applications. It has
extensive research and development facilities in the
UK and United States, and its state-of-the-art deliv-
ery systems utilise a broad array of extinguis hing
agents. EQl

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

Holmatro® Duo Pump DPU 31 PC: light

AND quiet

The DPU 31 PC Duo Pump -
Personal Power® has been
developed to meet the
demand for a light and
silent duo pump for the
simultaneous operation of
two rescue tools.

With a weight of only 25 kg and an
excellent centre of gravity the DPU 31 PC
Duo Pump can easily be carried by one
person only. Most countries' occupational
health and safety regulations state that
one person is not allowed to carry objects
heavier than 25 kg.

Another important feature is the low
noise level of 68 dB at 1 m distance. This is
more comfortable for the victim. It also
provides a better workplace for the rescuer
because it is easier to communicate at the
rescue scene. The pump has an eco mode
switch: when connected tools are not
used, the engine automatically switches to
eco mode for a very low noise level and
fuel consumption.

The DPU 31 PC Duo Pump has LED

lighting above the valve block which allows
for easy identification of the pump location
in the dark. Furthermore, it facilitates
coupling and uncoupling of the hoses.

The pump is also equipped with gauges
at the front for easy checking of oil and
petrol levels.

The hydraulic oil contents of 2490cc is
sufficient to operate two rescue tools at
the same time.

What makes the DPU 31 PC Duo Pump
really unique is that it is the first Holmatro®
duo pump that is standard equipped with
Holmatro's revolutionary CORE™

Technology. This technology is a turning
point in speed ' ease and safety of operating
hydraulic rescue tools. For the DPU 31 PC
Duo Pump and other duo pumps equipped
with CORE™ Technology this means that
you only need two hoses instead of four to
connect two tools to the pump. Every
connection of a hose to a pump and tool
means 2 times coupling instead of 4, and 2
times clicking dust caps together instead of
4. With a duo pump this means a saving of
8 times 'coupling and clicking'!

A traditional rescue system requires the
rescuer to switch the pump (valve) to
neutral before changing (disconnecting
and connecting) the rescue tool is possible.
A CORE™ system allows the rescuer to
change the tool while the hose is 'under
flow'; the pump is running and the valve is
always selected. It is no longer necessary
to change the tool at the pump. On the
contrary, the rescuer can change his tool
any time, whenever the circumstances
require and without delay, even without
releasing pressure at the pump. Working
with CORE™ increases the rescuer's
flexibility, saves time and is much easier to
handle.

For more information, please contact:
Holmatro Rescue Equipment
Tel: +32 (0)162 - 58 92 00
Email: info@holmatro.com

First UL Certification for
Motorised Beam Detector

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. has
evaluated and listed their first motorised
beam detector as compliant with the
American National Standards for safety.
The Fireray 5000 from FIRE FIGHTING
ENTERPRISES now boasts certification from
UL in addition to LPCB, CPD & EN54:12,

breaking new ground in the development
of this smoke detection technology.

The F5000 incorporates several
technological advancements that set it
apart from previous detectors. A newly-
developed motorised beam head works in
conjunction with the sensor to
automatically optimise the signal strength
throughout the life of the unit. This works
to keep the beam aligned with the
reflective prism even in the event of gradual
building shift, and can also factor in
environmental factors such as dust buildup.
These features strengthen false alarm
immunity over time, and help to reduce the
need for maintenance operations.

These new additions for the F5000
improve its functionality, whilst it retains
the benefits intrinsic to the tried, tested
and trusted beam technology that has
preceded it: large area coverage per unit
(-19800 sq ft as opposed to -900 sq ft for
a point type detector), reduced cabling
and installation costs, and minimal

aesthetic intrusion.

The Fireray's low-level system controller
is connected to the detector head by a
two-wire cable, and can be used to fully
control and adjust the beam - making
installation significantly easier. The
detector head houses both the transmitter
and receiver, with the beam being
bounced off a prismatic reflector on the
opposite wall. Beam-type detectors are
particularly suited to protecting wide
indoor spaces such as warehouses, open-
plan offices, corridors and meeting-halls.

By covering large areas with few units,
costs and disruptions caused by installation
and maintenance can be greatly reduced,
and the fire security system can be much
less obtrusive - which can be of particular
benefit in historic or stylish settings.

For more information, please contact:

Fire Fighting Enterprises
Email: sales@ffeuk.com
Website: www.ffeuk.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

Optimized wear
comfort coupled
with maximum
protection

The new DS 6200 integral firefighter's helmet launched by Drager conforms to the
new standard prEN 443:2007 and is the lightest helmet currently on the market
which is approved to this standard. The helmet was developed in collaboration with
customers, as an improved version of the already proven HPS 6100 firefighter's
helmet. Special manufacturing and paint coating techniques ensure that the
high-temperature-resistant duroplastic helmet shell is capable of withstanding
even the most intense heat, while offering maximum protection against penetration
and impact, not to mention robustness and paint adhesion, even under the
influence of extreme levels of heat.

For more information , please
contact:

Draeger Safety Asia Pte
Ltd

67 Ayer Rajah Crescent
#06-03

Singapore 139950
Tel: +65 6872 9281
Fax: +65 6773 2033
Email:

justin.kung@draeger.com
Website: www.draeger.com

integrated face protection

The new visor, which has been extended down to
the chin area (approved in accordance with EN
14458 and classified as face protection), is made
of especially robust polysulfone material, amber
tinted (allowing wearers to maintain visual contact
even with their visors pulled down) and provided
with an anti-scratch coating on both sides. Tabs
simplify opening and closing of the visor, even
when wearing thick firefighting gloves.

A new integrated flame and heat barrier creates
a better climate inside the helmet. Modified pro-
tective padding in the ear area achieves improved
wear comfort and greater acoustic sensitivity.

Connection systems allow the HPS 6200 to be
used in combination with the newly developed FPS
7000 full face mask or the Panorama Nova-S or
F2-S respirator masks.

New helmet standards

At the present time, European Committee for
Standardization working group 3 for firefighters
helmets (CEN/TC1 58A/VG3) is working flat out to
draw up the new helmet standard EN 443. Drager is
providing its support to this project: among other
things, the most recent meeting of the working
group took place in Lubeck at the invitation of
Drager Safety. The goal is to submit the current

draft standard for a formal European vote in the
summer of 2007 and for the standard to enter
into force towards the end of 2007. In contrast to
the currently valid version of the standard, which is
EN 443 from 1997, the new standard distinguishes
between two types of helmet - half-shell and
integral helmets. The requirements and testing
procedures have been significantly extended, partly
to reflect the latest knowledge about material
properties and production technologies, and partly
with the aim of re-evaluating the risk analysis and
taking the practical experience of fire brigades
into account. For one thing, this will lead to har-
monization with respect to the protection afforded
by the other personal protective equipment used
by firefighters (such as compressed air breathing
apparatus and fire protective clothing). On the
other hand, it reflects the significantly incre ased
potential risk faced by firefighters. EQ3

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

ETC Awarded
Contract to
Deliver Disaster
Management
Simulator to Hong
Kong Fire Service

ADMS-COMMAND at Second Major
Asian Fire Services Institution

ENVIRONMENTAL TECTONICS CORPORATION'S
Simulation Division today announced the signing
of a contract with the Hong Kong Fire Services
Department (HKFSD) to deliver a multi-station
ADMS-COMMAND, the next-generation
Advanced Disaster Management Simulator
training system. The contract includes three
open-ended, dynamic scenarios within a
regionalized virtual environment. The scenarios
include a multi-vehicle highway traffic accident, a
B-747 crash-landed in a residential area and a
high-rise apartment building fire. The scenarios
can be changed to fit various training objectives.
The system will also include regionalized
response vehicles. The HKFSD employs a force of
over 9,000 firefighters who serve one of the most
densely populated urban areas in the world. To
be delivered by the end of the year, HKFSD's
ADMS system will allow responders to train
safely and realistically. ADMS President, Marco
van Wijngaarden commented, "We are proud to
be working with the Hong Kong Fire Services
Department. This order marks the second ADMS
system to be purchased by a world-class Asian
fire services institution, following the delivery of
a large ADMS-COMMAND system to the South
Korean National Fire Service Academy last year.
ETC looks forward to working with HKFSD for
years to come."

About ADMS, the Advanced Disaster
Management Simulator

ADMS is a high fidelity interactive team training
simulation platform that offers a proven
methodology to provide cost-effective synthetic
incident and disaster management experience.
Since 1995, ADMS has been used to train
emergency responders around the world to
better prepare to respond to and mitigate
incidents. By presenting engaging, real-world
environments and stressful scenarios, ADMS
enables response and rescue personnel to
perform and enhance team and individual skill
sets at all levels of response. It is also used to
test and validate emergency response and
management plans. ADMS bridges the gap
between tabletop exercises and real world
experience, and rapidly advances the effective
coordinated response of multi-agency and
multi-jurisdictional emergency responders
during any type of disaster. Training with ADMS
helps save lives and mitigate disaster's impact.

For more information, please contact:

ETC

Tel: +1 407 282 3378
Website: www.ADMSTraining.com

Solberg Expands to Serve
Asia Pacific Region

SOLBERG SCANDINAVIAN
A/S, one of the largest
independent foam
manufacturers in Europe,
has announced further
growth through its
expansion into the Asia
Pacific Region. This follows
the announcement of the
purchase of the 3M
patents associated with the
RF foams and the 3M Fire-
Brake BFFF Class A foam
product (USFS listed).

Solberg Asia Pacific Pty
Ltd will supply and support a complete
range of Class B AFFF and AFFF/AR
products based on telomer
fluorochemistry. These products show high
levels of fire performance against
specifications like EN 1568, ICAO (Level B),
LASTFIRE, and the UK MOD 42-40. These
foam concentrates are known as the
Solberg Arctic Foam™ products.

In addition to the AFFF product line,
Solberg will promote the fluorosurfactant
free RF technology products to customers
who are concerned about future
restrictions of use of the current AFFF
technology. These fire fighting foams are
branded as the Solberg Re-Healing
Foam™ products, so named for their fluid
flow characteristics, and are available as
RF3 (3%), RF6 (6%), and RF 3x6 ATC™
(3%/6%) alcohol resistant foam
concentrate. The RF foam technology has
been manufactured in Europe by Solberg
Scandinavian AS, under license from 3M,
over the past five years, and now their
continued supply is guaranteed with the
purchase of the 3M intellectual property
and patents. These products have been
tested to the same specifications used to
rate AFFF products such as EN 1 568, ICAO

(Level B) and LASTFIRE showing strong
performance as levels that matched the
fire performance of fluorochemically based
products.

Solberg Re-Healing Foam™ is emerging
as a leading edge technology that is being
evaluated and accepted as the foam of the
future for environmentally aware
organizations in both hemispheres. It is
being viewed as the preferred practice to
deal with the growing concerns over the
organohalide issue.

The origin of RF foam technology came
from the 3M Australia product
development laboratories, and lead to two
global patents. The purchase of the 3M
technology has presented an additional
opportunity for Solberg Scandinavian AS
(Norway), in the form of the product 3M
Fire-Brake BFFF™ (FC-3150) Class A foam
concentrate. Wildfire has now become a
significant focus for Solberg Asia Pacific.
This product has now been re-released as
Solberg Fire-Brake™ 31 50A Class A foam.

For more information please contact:
Solberg Asia Pacific Pty Ltd
Tel: +61 2 9673 5300
Website: www.solbergfoams.com

Take Control

Controls are at the heart of every industrial remote con
system we build, when a customer has a need, we cust
all aspects of our manufacturing process to fill that nee
our new options, you can also add functionality while
reducing installation time and costs.

Like all components of the ELKHART BRASS industrk
systems, these new options are based on a scalable,
modular approach that promotes high availability,
reliability and simple future expansion.

Elkhart Brass offers a broad range of components to
meet your industrial control system needs.

For more information please contact:

Elkhart Brass

Tel: 1-574-295-8330

Website: www.elkhartbrass.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

For further information on
this, the first truly effective
fire-ground video
transmission system, please
contact James Moloney at:
Domo Asia/Pacific
Bangkok

on +66-2-2318055/
+66-818555296
or by email at

jamesmoloney@domo.co.uk

PRODUCT PROFILE

Fire-ground video
transmission:

finally a system that works

Thermal imaging camera (TIC) manufacturers have for about 5 years now been
offering video transmission of images from camera to command vehicle. Today
nearly every public procurement tender for TICs will include video transmission in
the technical specification - but is it just a "box to tick" on the tender submission or
does the end-user actually expect it to work?

M ost manufacturers
fit transmitters in-
side the camera to
try to transmit video to a
receiver mounted either in
a command vehicle or to a
briefcase receiver. Typically
they can perform this
function as long as the
transmitter and receiver
antennae have direct line-
of-sight between them
and are within about
200m range. But this does
not provide much opera-
tional advantage to the
Incident Commander - he wants to see live images
from a thermal camera being operated inside the
hazard zone, and this usually means inside a build-
ing or tunnel, and possibly below ground in the
most dangerous of operations.

So, if a video transmission system is to be accept-
able, what should the performance criteria be?

Singapore SCDF, long considered an early
adopter of new technology in the region, has
always maintained that their criteria for an accept-
able video transmission system is to be able to
receive clear, stable video from a body-worn trans-
mitter three floors below ground to a command
location within about 200m of the incident.

Domo Ltd., a UK manufacturer of digital COFDM
video and telemetry systems for law enforcement
and military users, has now released a Fire Service
version of their hugely successful S0L04 range of
transmission systems, capable of meeting this
requirement.

For years now Domo has been supplying this
technology to law enforcement agencies who
require high quality, completely mobile video and
audio over long ranges - from 100m up to 10km
using a body-worn system - and all of this is
achieved in a non-line-of-sight environment i.e. the
transmitter cannot "see" the receiver.

This is the toughest environment for any video
transmission system but Domo's implementation of
the COFDM standard is highly resistant to inter-
ference and reflections, all of which destroy the
analogue signal. The SOL04 system uses a very
narrow bandwidth (1 ,25MHz) to transmit the
images. The narrower the bandwidth the greater is
the transmission range and, significantly for the Fire
Services, the better the penetration ability i.e. the
ability to reach a receiver on the surface from a
location underground.

Most of the other transmission systems will use a
bandwidth of 25MHz, or at best 8MHz, both of
which are too wide for effective transmission of
signals from below ground to the surface.

Domo has successfully trialled this system in the
Shenzhen MRT system in China, receiving high quality
video from the platform levels below the surface - a
transmission distance of >80m below the ground.

Avon Fire & Rescue in the UK have implemented
a fire-ground perimeter wireless video system, using
rapid deployment PTZ wireless cameras with Domo
video transmitters to transmit images to the Incident
Control vehicle from the four corners of the
fire-ground. The four images are displayed simulta-
neously on a quad-split screen in the command
vehicle and recorded on to a hard disk digital video
recorder for investigation and analysis. The system
can be deployed in minutes and provides a com-
plete video record of the entire fire-ground incident.

Recently Avon Fire & Rescue decided to test the
system in the Severn Tunnel, the UK's longest
underground rail tunnel at 7km length under the
river Severn, connecting Wales with England.

The Domo SOL04FIRE system successfully
transmitted video from outside the tunnel entrance
in Wales to a receiver located outside the
entrance on the England side - a distance of 7km,
non-line-of-sight, and through a tunnel with many
curves and differences in elevation. In a typical Fire
Service operation, the video transmitter will be
located somewhere within the tunnel length, at the
incident, and will be transmitting to a command
vehicle located outside the tunnel. A copy of these
trial results is available from Domo.

Each SOL04FIRE transmitter transmits one video
channel, two audio channels and one data channel.

There is no limit to the number of transmitters
and receivers that can be deployed at an incident,
allowing for perimeter fire-ground video coverage
to run alongside thermal camera transmissions, all
to the same bank of displays/recorders in the
command vehicle.

The Bangkok Metropolitan Authority and the
Thailand Civil Defence Force are the first services in
Asia to deploy the latest SOL04 transmi ssion
technology. EEQ

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Pacific Helmets offer a unique range of Fire
Fighting, Paramedic, USAR and Water Rescue
Safety Helmets for Emergency Services.

In addition to base designs there are numerous options to customise helmets to

individual brigade requirements.

We can offer brigade specific decals and add accessories such as helmet
mounted torches, radio headsets, ear defenders, cutting-tool or chainsaw face

protection.

Models certified to European Standards EN443, EN14458, EN 397, EN166,
EN12492, NZ/AS 4067 & 1801 and NFPA 1971, 1951, 1955 Standards.

With Distributors in more than 90 countries worldwide, from our base in New
Zealand Pacific Helmets can meet your safety helmet needs. Our focus is on the
highest quality helmets designed to meet customer specific requirements.

Pacific Helmets Australia Pty Ltd

Ph(Aust) 61 7 3441 7100
Fax (Aust) 61 7 3441 7177
sales@pacifichelmetsaust.com
www.pacifichelmetsaust.com

International Enquiries

Ph (NZ) 64 6 344 5019
Fax (NZ) 64 6 344 5376
sales@pacifichelmets .com
www.pacifichelmets.com

HELMETS

By Keith Ward

Pacific Helmets
(Australia) Pty Ltd.

Fire Fighting
Helmet Standards
are a-changing:

But are they changing fast enough?

2007 has seen significant changes to the various international Standards for
structural fire helmets, and more are underway.

T he latest 5-year update to NFPA 1971 was
released earlier this year, and the result of the
vote on the final revision of EN 443 is due
before year-end. While the extent of changes
to the NFPA Standard (as far as helmets is
concerned) were minimal, the update to EN 443 is
very significant and is complicated by virtue of
the serious mismatch of EN 14458:2004 with the
EN443 document.

The update of the Asian-Pacific region Standard
AS/NZS4067 (Structural helmets only) is progress-
ing thanks to the work of the SF.49 committee.
While it is early days, the committee is clearly
aware of the changes to other international
Standards and will be looking to incorporate those
that are appropriate for fire fighters in the region.

Despite this progress to update to the various
Standards, some helmet manufacturers are already
offering new designs that stretch the basic

concepts of new Standards. These commercial
realities are likely to continue. Innovative manu-
facturers are well aware that for almost 90% of the
time a helmet is worn, many front-line fire crews
are wearing products that are too heavy, perhaps
over-protective, impractical or inappropriate to the
job at hand.

By far the majority of tasks facing structural fire
fighters have little to do with structural building
fires, yet the helmet they wear is designed assum-
ing maximum risk and therefore has maximum
weight and size. In the past this over-protection
has been necessary because Fire Brigades have had
to protect their crews and it has not been possible
to separate various risk factors and wear helmets
appropriate to the task.

This may be fine in the US market where bigger
and heavier always seems to be better, but over
weight and excessive size is an issue for Asia-Pacific

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

HELMETS

FIRE FIGHTING HELMET STANDARDS ARE A-CHANGING

area fire fighters just as it is in Europe.

In trying to overcome the excesses of past
helmet designs, one real challenge for helmet
manufacturers is the fact that design restrictions
written into helmet Standards can prevent radical
new concepts reaching the heads of fire fighters.
For instance, the NFPA 1971 document writers
appear to get themselves in a knot about the
'jet-style' helmet shapes appearing in their market.
Currently (though some manufacturers have tried),
almost no jet-style structural helmets can be fully
certified to this standard.

Similar problems affect helmet manufacturers
attempting to update designs of helmets for
Asia-Pacific region fire brigades. The current
Standard sets lateral vision and other design
restrictions that are not easily avoided by modern
helmets with internally rotating face shields.

On the other hand, the new edition of EN 443
establishes two types on helmets (A & B) and
these allow traditional style Type A helmets to
cover less of the head than Type B helmets which
must come down further around the head and
provide much greater shell cover. These designs
should mean much improved thermal and impact
protection for fire fighters.

But the other huge change to EN 443:2007 is
the addition of a flame engulfment test similar to
test that can be applied under Annex E of EN
469:2005 to clothing certified to that standard.
This is a major change that could well see a signifi-
cant number of existing helmets off the market,
or certainly requiring major sub-components
upgrades. The test involves kitting a torso in full
EN 469 jacket, SCBA mask, hood, and helmet
complete with face shield, neck protector and
Nomex chin strap. Because the flame and heat is
directed both at the jacket as well as directly at the
lower edges of the helmet for 10 seconds, the
flame and heat rises from under, around and
potentially inside the helmet. The Standard
requires the temperature at the tip of the burners
to be 950 ±50°C.

This is a very serious test. Without major
changes, many existing EN 443 helmets will simply
not pass this test, and it would be interesting
if some impact tests or flame tests were sub-
sequently conducted on these helmets. For those
with polystyrene impact liners, injected plastic

shells or combustible internal materials will almost
certainly fail.

An actual video of this test can be viewed on
www.pacifichelmets.com/flameengulfment/
Most front-line fire crews will be grateful for the
addition of this test to the Standard, as flashovers
are comparatively common and pose a real threat
to rescuers in many structural fire situations.

The other major complication for manufacturers
has been the introduction of EN 14458:2004. This
Standard established new tests for face shields and
eye protectors on fire helmets, but appears to
have had what can best be described as a very
poor consultation process. While this document
sets out to test face shields on fire helmets, it gets
further into deep water by bringing in tests of a
much wider range of design aspects of the helmet
including ergonomics. These tests have little to do
with face shields and in the view of the CEO of
Pacific Helmets New Zealand David Bennett, the
requirements of this document should have been
considered for inclusion in the rewrite of EN 443.

Among a significant number of drafting errors,
the writers of this Standard overlooked or forgot
about the practical size and dimensions of face
shields for real fire helmets. The result has been a
requirement for face shields that are so large they
virtually extend down to cover the wearers navel!
This and other aspects of the document are
currently under review by the CEN committee and
will hopefully be resolved quickly.

The other major concern for Asian-Pacific fire
fighters is the fact that the vast majority of tasks
they face are nothing to do with structural fires
but much more to do with RTA's, rural fire fighting,
line or water rescues, paramedic operations and
even rescuing cats out of trees. Heavy, bulky,
inconvenient helmets simply get removed when
conducting many of these tasks and fire crews are
looking for vastly better designs.

Pacific Helmets New Zealand recently intro-
duced a number of extremely innovative helmet
designs and many of these are already certified to
AS/NZS4067. For instance the F9 model is a
traditional shape 3-layer helmet that begins with a
simple and compact Level 1 helmet suitable for
RTA/USAR operations, as well as rural fire fighting.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

The VFR2000, certificated according
to the EN 443 norms, conforms
to safety requirements greater
than those required by low.

The comfort is made of “Coolmax Dupont®” fabric
and the internal stuffing guarantees a perfect fit of the
helmet ensuring greater aeration and the absorption of
blows.

The transparent visor is certificated according to the
EN 166 norms.

The reflecting screen guarantees the protection of the
user’s eyes and face from radiant heat.

SICOR SpA
20016 Pero Ml - Italy
Via Pisacane, 23/A
Tel. +39 02 3539041
Fax +39 02 3539060

E-Mail info@sicor-sureco.it
www.sicor-sureco.it

Mean features:

• Outer shell made in composite materials/Kevlar

• Internal shell consist in two pieces, made in EPS

• Rapid size adjustment system from 52 to 64

• Rapid hooking-unhooking system and swift adjustment

• Transparent visor with reflecting screen made of fireproof
polycarbonate

• Extractable chin-strap

HELMETS

FIRE FIGHTING HELMET STANDARDS ARE A-CHANGING

This helmet is personal issue since every fire fighter
must wear one, but the second layer over-shell
(L2) is only truck issue and can be shared between
shifts.

Reducing the number of structural helmet com-
ponents significantly reduces the cost of the total
helmet costs for fire brigades, but the concept
needs to be understood by both brigades and
unions to obtain acceptance. Once everyone

understands the significance of wearing a light
800gms convenient helmet for 90% of the time,
the concept catches on.

The LI helmet is also designed to be worn
inside fire appliances while travelling at speed to
call-outs and to provide full head protection in the
event of an accident. Road accidents are actually
the most common cause of death and injury to fire
crews in Australia and New Zealand.

A third level of Kevlar reinforced over-shell is
available for use in hot fire training schools and
this protects the LI and L2 helmet from smoke
and unnecessary damage. Again, this third shell
is shared between trainees at fire schools, is
sacrificial but is designed to prevent unnecessary
damage to operational helmets.

A similar model in a semi-jet style helmet is also
available in the F10AS helmet. This stylish helmet
can have an internal eye protector and an external
face shield. It is actually a variation of a multi-level
jet-style helmet and is already both AS/NZS4067
and EN 443 certified. Of greatest interest to
individual users is the fact that this helmet can
weigh as little as 1150gms including face shield
and neck protector.

Pacific Helmets plan to announce a 2/3-level
variation of the F10 jet-style helmet early in 2008
that not only has a Kevlar reinforced shell and full
cranial impact liner, but with combined LI & L2
weight as low as 1350gms. Again, the base LI
helmet weighing 800gms is designed for non-
structural fire operations but with the addition of
a strong outer Kevlar shell is still useable as a

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DUAL- He I- Me 1

PROTECTION f=OR EVERY

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TeM

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Dual helmet system complies with International
Standards - ER1 Emergency and Rescue and
FR2 Structural Fire Fighting

ER1 Emergency and Rescue helmet with
adjustable headband and retractable
goggle, suitable for paramedics,
civil defence, RTA, police and
rescue personnel

HELMET

INTEG RATED SYS TEMS^

www.helmets.co.uk

CHOMWeUU

IM[311=IH3E!

ADVANCED DUAL HELMET TECHNOLOGY

Outer FR2 helmet shell and retractable
face shield fits easily over ER1 helmet
in seconds

FR2 fire fighters helmet can be
fitted with neck cape, integral
communications and SCABA
mask fixing points

< <»'« e

Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd.
Commerce Road, Stranraer,
DG9 7DX, Scotland, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1776 704421
Fax: +44 (0) 1776 706342
E-mail: sales@helmets.co.uk

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

structural fire helmet. By simply dropping on a
the second shell (which is accomplished without
even removing the LI helmet from the head), the
combination complies with AS/NZS4067, EN
443:2007 and EN 14458:2004. assuming face
shield design issues are resolved in the latter
document.

The very interesting technical aspect of
multi-layer helmet designs is the fact that they
provide superb impact and thermal protection. Top
impact protection calculations show that multi-
layer Kevlar shell helmets have 40% lower impact
readings compared to single shell helmets.

Furthermore, while Kevlar shell/full impact liner
helmets have virtually only 1.5-3°C temperature
rises in EN 443 tests, the multi-layer helmets have
zero temperature rises compared to the 25°
increases permitted. But who wants to have a
25° temperature rise in their helmet anyway?
With these sorts of test results the test is already
irrelevant for high quality helmets.

These developments typify the difficulties facing
Standards committees. Safety helmet development
is proceeding so quickly that it is almost impossible
for committees to keep up and manufacturers at
the forefront of their game are driving designs
forward very quickly. Traditional helmet designs
like those typified by many old US and European
designs may have held sway, but safety conscious
brigades are looking for superior design options
that offer their crews lighter-weight, more innova-
tive helmet designs and most importantly, greater
safety.

The issue for some Asian fire brigades is that
historical helmet protection levels have been so low
as a consequence of protection afforded domestic
manufacturers who have manufactured extremely
low specification helmets. This is not true of all
brigades, for the Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwanese
and some Korean fire brigades have been equipping
their crews (both fire and paramedic) with EN 443
compliant helmets for some years. This trend is
becoming more common in both South Asia and
the Indian sub-continent. The result will be a signif-
icant reduction in head trauma.

For many of these countries, the real issue in the
first instance is one of raising the basic helmet and
PPE performance standards. Whether they chose
European CE or AS/NZS Standards, the benefits will
be similar and front-line crews will be the ben-
eficiaries. For other fire brigades in Australia and
New Zealand, the traditional shape of helmet is
likely to change to half or full jet-styles as the Stan-
dards document updates hopefully next year. With
multi-function/multi-layer helmets now becoming
available, stand-by for quite radical design sh apes
and features on fire fighters heads very soon. EES

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By Joan M. Leedy

President of Dyne
Technologies

TESTING FOAM

Testing Fire
Fighting Foam
Used in Marine
Applications

Most fire fighting foam users including marine applications fall under some
governing body that requires - or at least recommends - the user test the foam
on a regular basis to ensure foam quality.

O ne example of these codes is the National
Fire Protection Association Standard on
Foam (NFPA11) which recommends annual
testing. The NFPA 11, 2005 edition, entitled
"Low-Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam" reads
as follows:

"At least annually, an inspection shall be made
of the foam concentrates and their tanks or stor-
age containers for evidence of excessive sludging
or deterioration. Samples of concentrates shall be
sent to the manufacturer or qualified laboratory
for quality condition testing."

Chapter 9 of NFPA 1 1 is exclusive to recommen-
dations for Low-Expansion Foam Systems for
Marine Applications. The testing and inspection

recommendation in the Marine chapter refers
the user back to the NFPA statement above.
Furthermore, NFPA 1 1 states:

"The inspection shall include performance eval-
uation of the foam concentrate or premix solution
or both. Tests that deviate more than 10 percent
from those recorded in acceptance testing shall be
discussed immediately with the manufacturer."

Other testing procedures covering marine testing
include the International Maritime Organization
MSC/Circ. 582 - the standard governing oil tankers
and the United States Coast Guard, Department of
Homeland Security 46CFR Shipping, subchapter D -
Tank Vessels 31.10-18 Inspection and Certification,
Firefighting equipment.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

TESTING FOAM

Pic courtesy of Dyne
Technologies

TESTING FIRE FIGHTING FOAM USED IN MARINE APPLICATIONS

Table 1 - Periodic Testing Requirements for Marine Applications

National Fire
Protection
Association
Standard on Foam
NFPA 11

United States Coast
Guard 49 CFR

International Marine
Organization

Frequency

Annually

Three Years after
Installation and
Annually Thereafter

Tests Required

Quality Condition
Testing

"specific gravity, pH,
percentage of water
dilution, solid content
and certification as a
suitable firefighting foam"

Sedimentation - <0.25%
pH Value -6.0 -9.5
Volumic mass,
expansion, 25%
drain time- within
acceptable range of
type approval.

Water

Not Specified

Sea Water

Similar to NFPA, the USCG requires periodic
testing of foam be completed annually. The IMO
specification requires foam be tested 3 years after
installation and then annually thereafter.

Table 1 compares the periodic testing required
by these three specifications. Of these three the
IMO specification specifically states the tests
required and the test result requirements. NFPA 1 1
and the USCG require the manufacturer or testing
laboratory to set the testing and pass/fail criteria.
In addition, the IMO specification requires the
foam concentrate to be stored for 24 hours at a
temperature of 60°C (140°F) prior to running the
sedimentation, expansion and drain time test.

Typically testing laboratories will perform a
series of tests including both physical properties
tests on the concentrate as well as performance

tests on the foam solution. The following is a list
of physical property tests that might be run on a
foam concentrate sample.

The refractive index of a liquid is a measure of
how much the speed of light is reduced as it
travels through the liquid. The refractive index
measurement can indicate whether the foam con-
centrate has been diluted or contaminated. The
refractive index is typically measured on synthetic
foam concentrates. It generally is ineffective on
protein foam concentrates because of the high
solids content.

The sedimentation test is run to ensure a
minimal amount of sediment in the foam concen-
trate. The sediment level is determined by spinning
the sample in a centrifuge for a specified amount
of time. After spinning, the sediment collected at

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TESTING FIRE FIGHTING FOAM USED IN MARINE APPLICATIONS

TESTING FOAM

Pic courtesy of Dyne
Technologies

the bottom of the centrifuge tube can be
examined and measured. The percent sediment by
volume can be calculated. Excessive sediment can
be a sign of contamination and/or deterioration.

Viscosity is a measurement that quantifies a
fluid's resistance to flow. A maximum viscosity
level can ensure a foam concentrate will flow
successfully through a foam proportioning system.
An increase in viscosity can render the foam
ineffective simply because it will not flow through
the proportioning system and mix with the water.

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a
solution. The pH is measured for two reasons. A
neutral pH of 6 to 9.5 ensures the product will not
corrode the piping and tank in which it is stored.
Furthermore, a neutral pH may be required to
keep the foam ingredients mixed and in solution.
A pH outside of this range can cause an ingredient
to drop out of solution. For example, often times a
foam with a low pH, below 6, will also show a low
expansion because the chemicals in the foam that
cause foaming are adversely affected by this low
pH level.

The volumic mass can also be referred to as the
specific gravity or density. The density is the
weight of a given volume of a liquid. For a foam
concentrate with a density higher than the system
water, a decrease in the density can be a sign of
inadvertent dilution of the concentrate with water.
The concentrate density will vary depending on
the type and nominial concentration of the prod-
uct. A typical density for a protein-based 3% foam

concentrate is 1.158 grams per milliliter while a
3% aqueous film-forming foam concentrate
would more likely be 1.030 grams per milliliter.
Figure 1 is an example of how the density might
change as a foam concentrate is diluted with the
system water. Because sea water has a higher
density (approximately 1.027 grams per milliliter)
than fresh water (1.00 grams per milliliter), the
system water must also be considered when
analyzing the change in density of a concentrate
over time. Note in the example in Figure 1 that
density of the AFFF does not change significantly

Pic courtesy of Dyne Technologies

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TESTING FIRE FIGHTING FOAM USED IN MARINE APPLICATIONS

TESTING FOAM

as it is diluted with sea water because the density
of the AFFF and the sea water are very similar.

While the tests discussed so far are all physical
property tests completed on the foam concen-
trate, the remaining tests are all performance tests
run on the foam solution after it is mixed with
water. In order to run the performance tests, the
foam concentrate must be diluted with water at
the appropriate concentrate. A 3% foam concen-
trate must be diluted 3 parts foam concentrate to
97 parts water, while a 6% foam concentrate is
diluted 6 parts foam concentrate to 94 parts
water. The IMO specification requires that the
foam concentrate be mixed with sea water not
fresh water.

Surface tension, interfacial tension and spread-
ing coefficient are measured to determine whether
or not a foam is a film-forming foam. A positive
spreading coefficient ensures the foam is a film
forming foam such as is described by the name
film forming fluoroprotein or aqueous film
forming foam. Though not required to effectively
extinguish a fire, the fire fighting capability of
foam may be enhanced by its ability to form a thin
water film on the surface of a non-water soluble
flammable liquid.

The foam expansion is
often used to characterize
foam and to measure its
performance. The expan-
sion ratio is the weight ratio
a given volume of foam
solution to that same vol-
ume of expanded foam. For
example, 1600 milliliters of
fresh-water foam solution,
prior to being expanded will
weigh approximately 1600
grams. Once the foam is
expanded this same volume
of foam may weigh only
200 grams. The expansion
in this example would be
1600 divided by 200 grams
or 8:1. The expansion ratio
does depend on many
variables including water
temperature, nozzle pressure
and nozzle configuration. In
addition, the type of water used will affect
expansion. Figure 3 shows the expansion ratio of
58 different foam concentrates measured both
with fresh water and with sea water. Of these 58

Pic courtesy of Dyne Technologies

measurements, the sea water expansion was 0.66
expansion units or 8.9% less than the fresh water
expansion.

The 25% drain time is a measurement of how
much time it takes for 25% of the
weight of a given amount of foam to
drain back into a foam solution. This
property is important because once
foam drains into a solution it is no
longer providing any fire extinguish-
ing capabilities nor can it secure a
spill from ignition. As with foam
expansion, salt water can also reduce
the 25% drain time of a foam
solution. Figure 3 shows the drain
time value of these same 58 foam
concentrates when mixed with both
fresh and sea water. On average, the
drain time was 41 seconds or 9.2%
faster when the foam concentrate
was mixed with sea water than with
fresh water.

Because typical marine applica-
tions use sea water and not fresh
water for foam dilution and gen-
eration, it can be important in these

Figure 2 - Foam Expansion - Fresh VS. Sea
Water

8.5

0 8
(0

1 7.5
0

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5.5
5

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Water

■ Foam Exp. 3% Sea
Water

20 40 60 80

Expansion

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TESTING FIRE FIGHTING FOAM USED IN MARINE APPLICATIONS

TESTING FOAM

Figure 3 - 25% Drain Time - Fresh VS. Sea
Water

600

500

c/) ^

”5 400

a> 300

200

100

yr.

20 40 60

Sample Number

► 25% Drain Time Fresh
Water

25% Drain Time Sea
Water

applications to test the foam with sea water.
Though the expansion and drain time of all foams
may not be adversely affected by salt water, many
are. By testing the concentrate with the water
used in the application - fresh or sea - perfor-
mance during a crisis situation is better assured.

In addition to periodic testing of foam stored
on-board ship, specifications often require the
foam be "Type Tested" prior to being used for a
marine application. Type testing would require the
foam manufacturer to have the brand and type of
foam tested by an independent testing agency
prior to use and is typically valid as long as the
formulation or specification have not changed. All
three marine standards - NFPA, USCG and IMO
require that a foam concentrate initially complete
and pass a testing protocol (type testing) prior to
use on board ship.

Table 2 outlines the type test requirements for
each of these specifications. The USCG and NFPA
tests are the same. All three specifications require
similar fire tests. The major difference in the IMO

specification is that it requires a posi-
tive spreading coefficient thus limiting
use to film forming foams. It is also
important to point out that the USCG
does not simply approve foams but a
foam system. Thus the foam quality of
the small scale fire test nozzle must
match the foam quality of the full scale
equipment and an additional com-
ponent of the specification would be
ensuring the foam will proportioning
correctly through the equipment. Also
worth noting is the USCG specification
requires a foam to initially be listed by
Underwriters Laboratory through the
specification UL 162. UL 162 is a
complete specification in and of itself
and includes requirements for foam
quality, fire tests, and storage tests in
addition to other test requirements.

This paper discusses only three
specifications that apply to marine
applications - NFPA, USCG and IMO. Other specifi-
cations may apply depending on the jurisdiction.
All of these specifications are designed to ensure
the foam used on board ships will perform effec-
tively. To ensure safety, consider the following:

• Fully assess the hazard on board and make sure
the foam is designed to handle the hazard i.e.,
if polar solvents are on board, purchase a polar
solvent foam.

• Purchase foam that will meet the applicable
specifications and make sure the foam has
been tested by an independent testing agency.

• Request a certificate of analysis from the manu-
facturer for the lot of foam purchased. If available
the C of A will provide a baseline for many of
the physical and performance properties.

• Test the foam when it is first installed to make
sure the system will proportion it properly.

• Complete periodic testing of the foam system
and the foam concentrate.

• Maintain records of all testing complete d to

monitor changes and trends. EE9

Joan M. Leedy is President
of Dyne Technologies - ISO
9000:2001 compliance
testing laboratory
Member of the NFPA
Committee on Foam
Standards Technical Panel
Member for Foam at
Underwriters Laboratory

Table 2 - Type Testing Requirements for Marine Applications

NFPA and USCG 49

IMO

Tests On Foam Concentrate

None

Freeze Thawing

Heat Stability
Sedimentation

Kinematic Viscosity
pH

Volumic Mass

Tests On Foam Solution

Expansion

25% Drain Time

Both Fresh and Sea Water

Spreading

Coefficient >0

Expansion

25% Drain Time

All Mixed with Sea Water

Fire Tests

9.29m 2 (100 ft 2 )

Gasoline

Two Sea Water

Two Fresh Water

9.29m 2 (100 ft 2 )

Gasoline Fire

Sea Water

Additional Requirements

Listed by Underwriters Laboratory

None

Polar Solvents

For Use on Polar Solvents - Foam
Concentrate must pass applicable

UL 162 Fire Tests (50 ft 2 )

Polar Solvent Use

Not Mentioned

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By John Nicholson

Executive editor of
NFPA Journal

NFPA 99

Treating

NFPA

Like a patient after a transplant or after
receiving a vital transfusion, NFPA 99, Health
Care Facilities, is on the road to improvement
thanks to a Technical Correlating Committee
(TCC) interested in making the proper
diagnosis and a forward-thinking Standards
Council.

NFPA Journal®, September/October 2007

" I inconsistent," "difficult to navigate," and "out-

I dated" were terms used by users to previously

I describe NFPA 99. Hearing those words too
often took a toll on the Technical Correlating
Committee on Health Care Facilities, so they
requested and received approval from the Stan-
dards Council for a comprehensive restructuring of
the standard and the scopes and memberships of
the Technical Committees (TCs) involved in NFPA's
Health Care Project.

"The radical changes were necessary as NFPA
99 is a 25-year-old document that was a com-
pilation of even older standards," says Technical
Correlating Committee chair Douglas S. Erickson.
"In reviewing the document there were chapters
and annexes that had not been referenced for
over a decade. With the dramatic changes in
health care technology, electronic medical records,
natural disasters, and a sicker patient population,
NFPA 99 needs to be reinvented to fit this modern-
day delivery system."

Erickson is also the director of research and
development for the American Society for Health-
care Engineering and its representative to the
Health Care Project. The society is part of the
American Hospital Association.

The document is now in the Annual 2009
revision cycle and will result in a 2010 edition. In
January 2007 the Standards Council gave its
approval to the rosters of the project's Technical
Committees. Those committees began meeting in
February 2007 to begin writing the draft docu-
ment, and the proposal closing is scheduled for
this November. The TCs will have approximately 10
months to complete their work on the draft
documents, which is very ambitious given the new
subject areas as well as the need for reformatting
the entire document.

"We are just starting to get proposals for the
2010 edition. This is going to be a very interesting
ROP period as proposals will come in all shapes
and sizes; some will want to only modify language
in the 2005 edition; others will want to eliminate
chapters or annexes; and I know of some which
will be a complete rewrite of chapters/sections. It
will be a real juggling act to follow NFPA pro-
cedures. The proposal closing date is November
29, 2007, and then all the fun will begin as the
Technical Committees start to meet," says Erickson.

Road to recovery

The restructuring of the document, which is widely
used throughout the United States , began in July
2006, when the Technical Correlating Committee
on Health Care Facilities sought approval from the
Standards Council. In its request, the TCC stated
that the current standard is "difficult to navigate,
is inconsistent in the chapter format, and needs to
be updated to reflect current medical practices
and procedures."

"We had three strategic planning meetings of
the TCC and invited the chairs of the TCs to
attend and participate in the planning process,"
says Erickson. "We also met frequently with NFPA's
Codes and Standards Administration staff to make
sure they were aware of the direction we were
headed and could offer advice and counsel if there
appeared to be potential conflicts with other
standards. Our staff liaison also played a critical
role in making sure we were not violating any
organizational rules or protocols."

In making its request, the TCC did not propose
any change to their TCC scope but provided the
Council with proposed revised scopes for all but
one of the TCs within the project. The proposed
plan presented to the Standards Council in July

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2006 had eight TCs re-aligned into seven TCs with
all responsible for portions of NFPA 99.

According to the initial presentation to the
Standards Council, some of the existing TCs were
to be merged with others, some were to be elimi-
nated, and new TCs were proposed. The following
are the proposed details the TCC first presented to
the Standards Council in July 2006:

• TC on Fundamentals: This committee is being
renamed "Fundamentals" from "Administra-
tion." In addition to its existing responsibilities,
this committee will also be responsible for
determining the relative risk level of various
medical procedures in order to specify the level
of service. This would pertain to gas and vacuum
systems, electrical systems, fire protection, and
special hazards. For example, they will deter-
mine the relative fire risk in an operating room
or MRI and specify a particular fire extinguisher
or suppression/detection system to protect the
hazard. It is not anticipated that this committee
will develop any fire protection or egress
requirements that are already covered in other
standards or codes, such as NFPA 101®, Life
Safety Code®, NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler
Systems, or NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm
Code®. It may extract or reference these
requirements into NFPA 99 where appropriate.

• TC on Medical Equipment: This new commit-
tee would be a merger of the existing TC on
Electrical Equipment and the TC on Gas
Delivery Equipment. There is no proposed
change from the existing scope or intent of the
two existing committees.

• TC on Electrical Systems: This is an existing
committee, but its scope will be expanded to go
beyond just electrical power systems. In addition
to electrical power systems, the committee will

in its request, the TCC stated
that the current standard is
“difficult to navigate, is
inconsistent in the chapter
format, and needs to be
updated to reflect current
medical practices and
procedures."

also address low voltage systems such as nurse
call systems, telemedicine, wireless technology
used in patient care, and informatics (electronic
information data bases). This committee may
extract or reference the requirements from
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®, into NFPA
99 where appropriate.

• TC on Mechanical Systems: This is a new
committee that would address the existing per-
formance operations, testing, and maintenance
requirements for failure management criteria
for air quality, and also address new subjects
such as temperature, humidity control, critical
space pressure relationships for infection

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

TREATING NFPA 99

NFPA 99

control water and wastewater, and air quality
issues. This committee may extract or reference
the requirements from NFPA 90A, Installation
of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
into NFPA 99 where appropriate.

• TC on Emergency Management and Security
Committee: This is an existing committee with
an expanded scope to include security issues in
health care facilities. This committee will con-
tinue to address the requirements pertaining to
emergency management as currently addressed
in NFPA 99. They will also co-ordinate with
NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management

There are several major
milestones that must be
completed in short order
that include disbanding the
existing committees, forming
new committees, and
drafting the reformatted
document NFPA 99.

and Business Continuity Programs where
applicable. This committee will address a new
subject of health care security. Currently the TC
on Premises Security addresses security in
health care facilities in NFPA 730, Guide for
Premises Security. The TC on Emergency Man-
agement and Security is requesting they have
the primary responsibility for security in health
care facilities. This material may be extracted or
referenced by NFPA 730. The TC on Emergency
Management and Security would address issues
such as infant abduction and drug diversion.

• TC on Piped Gas Installation: This is an existing
committee with a name change. This committee
will address installation, performance, main-
tenance, and testing requirements for piped
medical and dental gas and vacuum systems.

• No changes were proposed for the TC
on Health Care Facilities and the TC on
Hyperbaric and Hypobaric Facilities.

Criticality of timing

According to the TCC leadership, time was vital
for the project's success, and it pushed for a timely
transition. NFPA 99 is currently in the Annual 2009
cycle with the proposal closing date for this cycle
in November 2007. There are several major
milestones that must be completed in short order
that include disbanding the existing committees,
forming new committees, and drafting the
reformatted document NFPA 99. Therefore,
the proposed timeline for the project is as follows:

• July 2006, Standards Council reviews a
proposed restructuring.

• November 2006, Council approves the restruc-
turing. Disbands all existing TCs and places a
call for committee members for all TCs.

• January 2007, the Standards Council appoints
the chairs and start up roster.

• January 11, 2007, TCC meets with all TC
chairs to review the scope of the project and
to make assignments to develop the new
documents.

• February 2007, TCs start to meet and develop
new draft documents.

• November 2007, TCs complete the draft
documents.

• January 2008, ROP meetings.

• September 2008, ROC meetings.

• June 2009, Association meeting.

• July 2009, Standards Council issues documents.
The TCs will have approximately 10 months to

complete their work on the draft documents,
which is very ambitious given the new subject
areas as well as the need for reformatting the
entire document.

"In teaching the principal elements of the
standard for over 20 years, it was becoming evident
to the users of the document that it needed to be

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NFPA 99

TREATING NFPA 99

modernized. The membership of the American
Society for Healthcare Engineering and the TCC all
agreed that a 'band-aid' approach was no longer
sufficient to get the standard ready for 2010,"
Erickson says.

Standards Council response

At its July 2006 meeting, the Standards Council
considered the request from the Technical Cor-
relating Committee on Health Care Facilities for
the proposed restructuring of the Health Care
Facilities Project.

After a review of the proposed new structure,
the Council requested that the TCC further clarify
where in the proposed new structure the project
was intending to assume primary jurisdiction for
subject matter that was currently within the
jurisdiction of another project.

Specifically, the Council requested that the TCC
identify where, through the proposed new
structure, the Health Care Facilities Project was
requesting primary jurisdiction over any subject

Homeland security

One aspect of the proposed restructuring relates
to the on-going attempts to address homeland
security-related concerns within the NFPA codes
and standards process. In this case, the Health
Care Project TCC proposed expanding the name
and scope of the TC on "Health Care Emergency
Management" to the TC on "Emergency Manage-
ment and Security" to include security issues in
health care facilities.

In accordance with the Council's policy on
homeland security issues, the Council solicited
specific comment on the proposed expansion of
the Health Care project to address security issues
in health care facilities.

As requested, the TCC solicited additional infor-
mation, and in November 2006, the Standards
Council voted to approve the restructuring, with
modification, the approved TCs and respective TC
scopes as previously discussed.

All existing members of the Health Care Facili-
ties Project Technical Committees reapplied, and a

Specifically, the Council requested that the TCC
identify where, through the proposed new
structure, the Health Care Facilities Project was
requesting primary jurisdiction over any subject
matter that it would currently have been
required to address by reference to or extract
from other documents in accordance with

extract policy.

matter that it would currently have been required
to address by reference to or extract from other
documents in accordance with extract policy.

The Council was concerned that the Health
Care Facilities Project might, through the proposed
new scopes and structure, be proposing to take
primary responsibility for establishing requirements
on certain subjects that were currently the respon-
sibility of other Projects. If this was the case, the
affected projects were informed and had an
opportunity to provide input to the Council before
the Council took further action on the proposed
new structure.

Once that additional information was provided,
the Council directed that the proposed re-
structuring be circulated through the normal
channels for public review, with specific notice
directed toward other related and affected Projects
in the NFPA codes and standards process. In
addition to soliciting comments from the existing
TC in the Health Care Project, the Council directed
that comments be solicited from the committees
responsible for the following NFPA documents:
NFPA 1, 13, 14, 45, 52, 90A, 70E, 72, 101, 110,
318, 730, 1600, and 5000.

notice was published calling for new members
and specifically soliciting additional expertise as
necessitated by this restructuring.

Change of scope, change of name

The Standards Council revised the scope of the
Technical Committee on Electrical Systems
(HEA-ELS). It shall have primary responsibility for
documents or portions of documents covering the
minimum requirements for performance, testing,
maintenance, operations, and failure management
of electrical systems, low voltage systems, wireless
technologies, informatics, and telemedicine to
safeguard patients, staff, and visitors within health
care facilities.

The Technical Committee on Fundamentals
(HEA-FUN) underwent a TC name change from
Administration to Fundamentals and its scope was
revised. This Committee shall have primary respon-
sibility for documents or portions of documents on
the scope, application, and intended use of
documents under the Health Care Facilities Project,
including reference standards, performance, the
protection of special hazards, criteria for levels
of health care services based on risk, as well as

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NFPA 99

TREATING NFPA 99

definitions not assigned to other committees in
the Health Care Facilities Project.

The Technical Committee on Health Care
Emergency Management and Security (HEA-HES)
is a renamed committee as well and its scope was
revised. Its name was changed from Health Care
Emergency Management to Health Care Emer-
gency Management and Security. This Committee
shall have primary responsibility for documents or
portions of documents covering the framework for
emergency management and security of health
care facilities proportionate to the risk of the
patient and health care staff. This Committee shall
have primary responsibility for the elements of
planning over a continuum from minor incidences
to catastrophic events, including: management
controls, mitigation practices, incident response,
continuity of services, recovery, stored capacity,
staff training, and program evaluation.

The Standards Council also formed a new Techni-
cal Committee on Mechanical Systems (HEA-MEC)
that shall have primary responsibility for documents
or portions of documents covering the performance,

Committee on Piping Systems (HEA-PIP) maintains
primary responsibility for documents or portions of
documents covering the performance, main-
tenance, installation, and testing of medical and
dental related gas piping systems and medical
and dental related vacuum piping systems.

In addition, the Health Care Facilities Technical
Correlating Committee (HEA-AAC) remains
responsible for documents that contain criteria for
safeguarding patients and health care personnel in
the delivery of health care services within health
care facilities: a) from fire, explosion, electrical,
and related hazards resulting either from the use
of anesthetic agents, medical gas equipment, elec-
trical apparatus, and high frequency electricity, or
from internal or external incidents that disrupt
normal patient care; b) from fire and explosion
hazards associated with laboratory practices; c) in
connection with the use of hyperbaric and hypo-
baric facilities for medical purposes; d) through
performance, maintenance, and testing criteria for
electrical systems, both normal and essential; and
e) through performance, maintenance, testing,

The Technical Committee on Hyperbaric and
Hypobaric Facilities (HEA-HYP) retains primary
responsibility for documents or portions of
documents covering the construction,
installation, testing, performance, and
maintenance of hyperbaric and hypobaric
facilities for safeguarding staff and
occupants of chambers.

John Nicholson is the

executive editor of NFPA
Journal. Fie can be reached at
jnicholson@nfpa.org

operations, testing, maintenance, and failure man-
agement criteria for air quality, temperature,
humidity, critical space pressure relationships, water
and wastewater, and their associated systems.

The TCs on Electrical Equipment and Gas
Delivery Equipment merged to become the
Technical Committee on Medical Equipment
(HEA-MED), which shall have primary responsibility
for documents or portions of documents covering
the maintenance, performance, and testing of
electrical medical equipment and portable patient-
related gas equipment for the purpose of safe-
guarding patients and health care personnel
within patient care areas of health care facilities
from the hazards of fire, explosion, electricity, non-
ionizing radiation, heat, and electrical interference.

Unchanged TCs

The Technical Committee on Hyperbaric and
Hypobaric Facilities (HEA-HYP) retains primary
responsibility for documents or portions of
documents covering the construction, installation,
testing, performance, and maintenance of hyper-
baric and hypobaric facilities for safeguarding staff
and occupants of chambers. The Technical

and installation criteria: (1) for vacuum systems for
medical or surgical purposes, and (2) for medical
gas systems.

At its meeting in January 2007, the Standards
Council approved the rosters for the Technical
Committees for electrical systems, fundamentals,
health care emergency management and security,
hyperbaric and hypobaric systems, mechanical
systems, medical equipment, and piping systems.

Has the restructuring met with the TCC's
expectations? According to Erickson, yes and no.

"For the most part the TCC members are satis-
fied with the restructuring and the new Technical
Committee structure. There are some, however,
who don't believe we are going far enough with
revising the 2010 version," says Erickson. "In the
initial meeting the TCC had discussed looking at
defining various levels of health care and writing
standards to fit the levels. For example, a limited
critical care unit in a rural hospital has different
minimal needs than a critical care unit in a major
urban tertiary medical center. What we all need to
remember is this is a work in progress and if it all
doesn't get done for the 2010 edition it can still
happen for 2013." EES

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FLAME DETECTION

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Detector

Not All Hazards
are the same:

Design considerations for
matching flame and gas hazards to
detector technologies

By Simon Pate

Director of Projects and
Systems, Detector
Electronics Corporation

Not all flame and gas hazards in facilities are the same, therefore the detection
technology chosen should be specific to the type of hazard to be detected. How
do users select technologies to see certain fires or detect certain gases? The
intent of this paper is to give a broad introduction to the selection and use of
flame and gas detector technologies.

We will answer questions such as these: When should a flame-detector solution
use infrared vs. ultraviolet detectors? Which gas-detector technologies are
appropriate for flammable gases, hydrocarbon gases, and toxic gases?

One size does not fit all

A safety engineer at an LNG facility reviews
two flame detectors: an uncertified infrared
L (IR) detector and an FM -approved triple IR
detector. Which should she choose? Meanwhile, a
plant manager, considering gas detectors for his off-
shore facility, researches which type of detector -
electrochemical or semi conductor - is proven to
sense hydrogen sulfide accurately. What criteria
should he use?

Today's flame and gas detection technology
should be applied specifically to the hazard or haz-
ards to be detected. One type of detector technolo-
gy might be more suitable than another in a specific
situation.

Flame-detection principles

In general, a hydrocarbon fire emits C0 2 ,
carbon, water, and heat (IR). Certain flame
detectors see these types of combustion products.
But those same flame detectors, for example,
might not see S0 2 that is produced by a sulfur-
fueled fire - therefore, that sulfur-fueled fire might
go unseen.

Because not all fires are the same, a flame
detector must be matched to the type of fire fuel
that it is expected to see. Various technologies and
algorithms enable detectors to be sensitive to
certain fuel fires. These technologies primarily use
the following emissions spectra for optical flame
detection:

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FLAME DETECTION

NOT ALL HAZARDS ARE THE SAME

Cone of vision
illustration shows the
field of view with
off-axis limits of 45°

• infrared

OR)

• ultraviolet (UV)

• visible spectrum
(CCTV-based
devices)

In choosing flame detec-
tors, it is important to recog
nize that they consist of
window(s), optical sensor(s) - such
as Geiger Muller and/or thermopiles,
and electronics in a suitable enclosure. To
differentiate a fire from a non-fire event,
detectors include special optics and processing
algorithms.

• The optics filter out the non-fire spectra emis-
sions to minimize false alarming. For example,
sunlight should be filtered so it doesn't cause
alarms.

• Sophisticated algorithms analyze the optical
signals and determine whether the detector is
seeing a fire or non-fire event. These algorithms
are, in most cases, patented and closely guarded.
This is why different manufacturer's detectors

have different performance, although they might
use the same technology.

Flame detection technologies

The technologies widely used today are based on
UV and IR sensors, and combinations of UV and
IR sensors. CCTV is an emerging technology
being used in some flame or smoke detection
applications.

UV-based detectors - The first flame detection
technology used, UV detectors provide good
response to a broad spectrum of hazards. Lightning,
the sun, and arc welding can cause false alarms.
Also, radioactive sources can generate false alarms
because UV detectors are based on a Geiger-
Mueller tube. The performance of UV detectors
might be impaired by certain chemicals that attenu-
ate UV light, such as oils, silicones, ethanol, and
ammonia. Consult your detector manufacturer for a
comprehensive list of UV-attenuating chemicals.

IR-based detectors - IR emissions are generated
by any material that is above absolute zero, such as
the sun, a person, or any black body. IR detectors
can be prone to false alarms from chopped or
modulated IR sources. Carbon-based fueled fires are
strong emitters in the IR spectrum, therefore
single-IR and dual-IR detectors are suitable for their
detection.

Multiple IR (MIR) - The MIR (or triple IR) sensor
flame detector (Figure 1) is a newer technology that
is displacing the other technologies in many applica-
tions, due to better performance and fewer false
alarms. These detectors have the greatest on-axis
detection ranges (>200ft) of any technology.

UV/IR - Because the combination UV/IR detector
reduces false-alarm issues, it has been popular. But
it is being displaced by the new generation multi-IR
detectors.

CCTV- An emerging technology, there are a few
CCTV flame detectors available for specific fuels.
CCTV devices use visible light for flame detection,

rather than
the spectral
emissions of the
products of com-
bustion. Due to the
use of visible light
for flame detection, their
performance can be affected
adversely by ambient lighting
conditions.

Selecting a flame detector

After identifying the fuel source of the fire
to be detected, review the performance
standards with NRTL (Nationally Recognized
Testing Laboratory) verification. Specifically, in
Europe the performance standard for optical
1 flame detectors is EN54-10 'Flame Detection -
| Point Detectors,' or ANSI FM 3260 in the USA.

The standard test fuel in most standards is
n-Heptane. But because that might not be the fuel
in your hazard, confirm that the selected detector
will see the hazard in a specific application. The
detector manufacturer should provide documented,
third-party verification for cones of vision, size, and
response times to various fuels.

Maintenance: Because flame detectors are opti-
cal devices, they depend on the cleanliness of their
lenses, which can be obscured by insects, ice, oil
mists, and other environmental contaminants. Many
detectors have optical integrity tests that verify the
lens cleanliness and signal failure. Some contami-
nants can be handled by detector innovations, such
as heaters to displace rain and ice. In addition, some
manufacturers provide built-in calibrated test lamps
so you are assured they are operating correctly.

Field of View: Many manufacturers claim various
cones of vision from 120° to 90° and maximum on
axis distances now beyond 200ft. The US and
European standards both define the off-axis limit to
be where 50% of the on-axis detection capability is
lost. See figure 2 for an example cone of vision.

Gas-detection principles

Gas detection may measure several characteristics
of gases, for example toxicity or flammability. To
detect a particular gas successfully requires deter-
mining a unique attribute for the target gas that
can be sensed and measured.

• Flammable gases are measured as a percentage
of their Lower Explosive/Flammable Limit
(LEL/LFL). For example, Methane LEL is 5% in air.
Toxic gas detectors in general are measured in
parts per million (ppm).

• Hydrocarbon gases can be detected either by
their combustibility or IR absorption properties.

• Toxic gases are more difficult to detect due to their
various chemistries and unique characteristics. The
primary toxic sensor technologies used are solid
state and electro-chemical, although there are
emerging technologies that use optical sensors.

Gas detection technology

Catalytic/Combustible Gas Sensors (CGS)

This is an old and trusted detection method that
uses two platinum sensors, one of which is exposed

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FLAME DETECTION

NOT ALL HAZARDS ARE THE SAME

Eclipse IR gas detector

Selecting a gas detector

After identifying the gas to be
detected, review performance
standards and certifications,
look at maintenance issues,
and determine interface
requirements (covered in the
next section).

Optical-based gas detec-
tors generally require a bump
test (using a target gas on
the detector to produce a
reading). Catalytic/toxics and
semi-conductors require frequent
calibrations and gain adjustments
due to sensor depletion. The cali-
bration frequency is driven by the level
of background gas and/or environmental
conditions that may affect sensor life.

to the environment. The active sensor makes a
destructive measurement of a flammable gas. This
measurement is created by the burning of the
target gas on the exposed sensor. This burning
causes a change in resistance, which is compared to
the sealed/reference sensor this then indicates the
level of flammable gas present.

The drawback is that this burning also destroys
the sensor. In time, the sensor burns out. Hence
CGS devices require frequent testing and calibration
to adjust the gain as the sensor is depleted. The
failure modes of a CGS device are not self revealing.
In the presence in 100% LEL gas the sensor will go
full range and then zero as the sensor burns out.
CGS is used to detect hydrocarbons and hydrogen
gases.

Point IR Detectors (PIR)

This newer technology depends on the hydrocarbon
bonds within the flammable gas absorbing IR
energy. This absorption is then temperature com-
pensated and adjusted for the target gas to give a
% LEL reading. These detectors have failure modes
(loss of emitter) that are easier to detect than those
for the CGS detectors.

Open Path Gas Detection (OPGD)

This technology uses the same principal as the PIR,
but the distance between the transmitter (IR source)
and receiver can be over 100m apart. Most of these
detectors are ranged 0-5LELm. The total amount of
gas in the path is measured. The detector cannot
discriminate between a large cloud of low concen-
tration gas and a small cloud of high concentration
gas.

Ultra-Sonic

This emerging technology uses microphones to
detect high-pressure gas leaks by their acoustic
signature. Ultrasonic detection is not dependent
upon the gas cloud being transported to a sensor.
The measurement is leak or no leak.

Electro-chemical (EC)

This technology is used primarily for toxic gas
detection. Each gas has a specific EC cell chemistry.
However many EC cells are cross sensitive and may
respond to other gases. These sensors have several
wear-out mechanisms - drying due to desiccation
by the ambient conditions, and electrolyte
depletion.

Semi Conductor

This technology is primarily used for toxic gas detec-
tion and especially H2S. It has the advantage that it
can be used in arid conditions where EC cells would
quickly dry out.

Detector interfaces

There are three primary methods by which detectors
can be connected to a control or fire-alarm system:

1 Contact signal is the generic interface as recog-
nized by the National Fire Alarm Code (USA) for
flame detectors. Gas detectors may have contacts
that can be set at specific alarm levels.

2 4-20mA signal may be used if the fire alarm sys-
tem and the flame detector are listed together for
code compliancy. It should be noted that the
4-20mA is not like a process variable. It is a stepped
output that indicates the status of the detector,
such as faults and processing status. For gas this
is the best interface as the value can be trended
so gas levels across a facility can be reviewed.

3 Addressable - this is similar to fieldbus - however
these are generally proprietary interfaces, due to
code compliance. Addressable systems offer the
greatest amount of information about the health
and status of a detector.

Other considerations for 'detectability'

Unlike process devices that have direct contact with
the process and the property to be measured/
sensed, flame and gas detectors are non-contacting.
This indirect sensing creates issues that must be
addressed for successful detection.

Flame detectors are optical devices and need an
unobstructed view to the hazard. Positioning of
flame detectors requires several performance
definitions: hazard type, distance to hazard, size of
hazard, and required response time. From these
parameters, a technology can be selected and posi-
tioning performed, to ensure the required level of
protection is attained, and false-alarm sources are
kept out of the field of view. Flame detectors
cannot tell if they have been obstructed, for
example if scaffolding is obstructing their field of
view. Hence it is important to visually verify the
aiming and field of view of flame detectors.

Similarly for gas detection - the performance
definitions are gas type and response time. Position-
ing of gas detectors depends on air-flow patterns
and specific gravity of the target gas. For example, if
the gas is lighter than air, the gas will rise; if heavier
than air the gas sinks to ground. Gas detector
placement is more art than science in many situa-
tions. Gas detectors (non acoustic) require that the
target gas reach the detector i.e. are dependent
upon a transport mechanism

There are many optical and transport mecha-
nisms that need careful consideration when locating
flame and or gas detectors, and may require
modeling to help determine the optimal locati on of
the detectors. EEQ

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in stream straightener.

Other Packages are Available.

Contact Your Local TFT Dealer and request
a Demonstration today.

AUSTRALIA

Gaam Emergency Products-AU
Phone: 61394661244
Fax : 61394664743
iprice@tycoint.com
www.gaam.com.au

CHINA

Shanghai Jin De Industry
Phone: 862136050599
Fax: 862136055599
sjinde@163.com
www.sjinde.com

HONG KONG

Rotter International Ltd.

Phone: 85227517770
Fax: 85227562051
jacky@rotter.com.hk
www.rotterbiz.com

INDONESIA

Pt Palmas Entraco
Phone: 6221384 1681
Fax: 6221380 2660
sales@palmas.co.id

■ *

JAPAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
t.yone@myad.jp
www.yone-co.co.jp

MALAYSIA

CME Technologies SDN BHD
Phone: 60356331188
Fax: 60356343838
khairi@cme.com. my
www.cme.com.my

NEW ZEALAND

Tyco Safety Products
Phone: 6445608127
Fax: 6498270844
tsp.sales.nz@tycoint.com
www.tycoservices.co.nz

PHILIPPINES

Alliance Industrial Sales
Phone: 6328908818
Fax: 6328960083
alliance8Jcy@pacific.net.ph

SINGAPORE

S.K. Fire Pte. Ltd.
Phone: 6568623155
Fax : 6568620273
houchin@skfire.com
www.skfire.com

SOUTH KOREA

Shilla Fire Co., Ltd.
Phone: 820236659011
Fax: 820236639113
kofire77@hotmail.com
www.firekorea.com

TAIWAN

Yone Corporation
Phone: 81758211185
Fax: 81758012263
t.yone@myad.jp
www.yone-co.co.jp

THAILAND

Anti-fire Co., Ltd.
Phone: 66 2 259-6898
Fax: 66 2 258-2422
sithichai@antifire.com
www.antifire.com

Low 10° Attack Angle

When combined with TFT's unique slide valve,
the Blitzfire's low 10° attack angle provides Total
Nozzleman Flow Control in either manned or
unmanned operations.

For excellent quality fire fighting equipment visit www.tft.com
and call your local distributor for a demonstration.

TASK FORCE TIPS

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Some firefighting
situations demand the
controlled strength of a
master stream device like
TFT's portable/deck gun
monitor, the Crossfire. In
the moments that solid,
constant water supply is
essential, devices such as
this can deliver 4,500 I/m in
(1250 gpm). Higher flow
rates can mean increased
reach, better penetration,
and best overall use of
limited staff power

By Rod Carringer

Task Force Tips, Inc.

MONITORS

Large Fires
Require Large
water and Foam
Flows

Fixed and Portable Monitors Offer
Increased Fire Flow Capabilities Safely

Many times the large volume of fire encountered by arriving crews quickly
precludes the use of standard hand-held nozzles for initial attack. In these cases,
the movement and accurate delivery of water or foam, as well as establishing a
constant sustainable water supply, becomes critical to successful extinguishment
and exposure protection operations. High flowing portable, fixed and remote
controlled monitors provide the performance necessary to meet these high flow
challenges, even when staffing is limited.

F ires requiring large volumes of water or foam
solution for suppression (high critical applica-
tion rate) dictate the water supply and fire
streams management operations from the moment
the first apparatus arrives. If the fire has burnt past
workers, or is generating more BTUs on the
fire/time curve than the crew can deal with,
adding more hand-held lines may provide little or
no suppression success. Though the use of pre-
plumbed monitor on apparatus and lightweight

portable monitors may be rare in many jurisdic-
tions due to the inability to supply an adequate
sustained fire flow, their tactical versatility cannot
be overlooked.

Often considered strictly a defensive tool for
those large exterior attacks, pre-plumbed master
stream devices and smaller portable monitors can
be an effective initial attack option when staffing
on the apparatus is limited and the volume of fire
upon arrival is substantial. Even with the limits of

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LARGE FIRES REQUIRE LARGE WATER AND FOAM FLOWS

MONITORS

Portable monitors , such
as TFT's patent pending
Blitzfire, are specially
designed to go
anywhere a handline
goes , yet boast flows
of up to 2000 I /min
(500 gpm). Protective
features , such as the
Blitzfire Safety Shut Off
Valve , are the small
considerations that can
pay off in a big way
when a crew's attention
is focused on the flames

working from the apparatus water tank, placing a
heavy stream from a fixed or portable monitor for
60 seconds directly into the fire's volume can
sufficiently darken it down, so hand-held nozzles
can be deployed for final suppression. All of this
can be accomplished successfully using only the
water on the first arriving apparatus. This sort of
"Blitz" Attack is an ideal tool for agencies that
struggle with limited staffing, yet must manage
ever-increasing fires.

Keeping in mind the additional water supply
requirements, the use of portable monitors and
apparatus mounted master stream devices can
provide some of the following benefits:

• Higher initial attack fire flows and increased
stream reach can offer improved fire fighter
protection by allowing crews to work in more
tenable atmospheres while providing higher fire
knockdown potential

• In limited staffing situations, higher fire flows
can safely be provided with minimal personnel.
Evaluating fire flow performance, typically more
gallons per minute per person can be delivered
than with any combination of hand-held
nozzles.

• A single line put in service with a portable
monitor can deliver from 2000 l/min (500gpm)
up to 4500 l/min (1250gpm), providing a wider
range of options to meet changing fire ground
conditions. The new lightweight features of the
portable monitors offer quick deployment and
the ability to better utilize pump capacity and
available water supply during initial attacks.
Faster fire extinguishment translates to an
overall reduction in the stress level of initial
attack personnel.

• A single larger "Blitz" line can be as effective as
up to 5 hand-held nozzles with hose and
support. This can amount to a large savings in
time and human resources.

• Higher flow rates from fixed, remote and
portable monitors provide increased reach
and penetration over hand-held nozzles.

• The high flow devices can support a more
effective allocation of personnel resources on
the fire scene and allow the first arriving
apparatus more tactical versatility.

• Portable monitors can provide unparalleled
safety in hazardous material and vapor mitiga-
tion procedures, exposure protection, and high
flow foam applications with self-educting
master stream nozzles.

• The "scale up" feature of starting with a single
supply line into a portable monitor followed by
a second line, allows the device to be used for
a quick initial attack, or upgraded to a larger
defensive operation as required by the fire
ground commander.

Once you have integrated the use of the master
stream into your initial attack operations, the only
way to feel comfortable operating these high
flowing devices, especially when the water tank
on the apparatus is your primary supply, is to
practice and understand the capabilities of the
equipment and how to properly deliver capacity to
the seat of the fire.

Even with the previously noted benefits of using
high flow portable or truck mounted appliances,
successful suppression strategies often fail due to
some of the following reasons:

• Lack of training will always affect the proce-
dures used in proper deployment, placement,
advancement, and operation of attack lines.

• Though smaller supply lines are flexible and
mobile, their flow capacity is limited. The use of
large diameter hose will provide higher flows,
but will restrict advancement of the line after
flow has been initiated.

Master Stream operations can now take place
remotely allowing limited staff to maximize
their performance safely These remote
controlled monitors allow firefighters to
control the stream from the pump panel or
anywhere on the fire scene using radio
frequency controls

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Step Up to Electronic
Remote-Controlled Monitors

Protect Your Facility, Product and People.

Designed for use by petrochemical refineries, transporters and processors,
these fully-customizable, advanced electronic systems are safer
and more reliable than manual monitors.

Elkhart Brass

Bringing you innovative systems
to meet your individual needs -
on schedule and on budget.

To upgrade to our electronic remote-
controlled monitor systems, call us at
1-574-295-8330 or 1-800-346-0250.
www.elkhartbrass.com

Elkhart Brass

Fire Fighting Equipment

The Most Experienced Manufacturer of Fire Fighting Equipment

Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., Inc. I 1-574-295-8330 I 1-800-346-0250 I www.elkhartbrass.com

LARGE FIRES REQUIRE LARGE WATER AND FOAM FLOWS

MONITORS

Small monitors , like Task
Force Tip's new Blitz
Lite , can deliver up to
2000 l/min (500 gpm).
Faster knockdown easily
translates into reduced
stress on attack
personnel. When
storage space , big water,
and easy deployment
are concerns , the new
line of compact hard-
hitting monitors like
TFT's Blitzlite are the
answer

Rod Carringer is the Vice
President of Sales and
Marketing for Task Force Tips.
For the past twenty-one years
Rod has had direct oversight
of all aspects of distribution
including field education of
fire service professionals,
management of distribution
partners, over a dozen TFT
field representatives, and an
active marketing team. As a
32-year volunteer member of
Coolspring and Center
Township Fire Departments in
LaPorte, Indiana, Rod
performs research and
development, training and
active firefighting duties
daily. As past Chief of
Operations his experience in
suppression activities allows
him to serve as a State of
Indiana Instructor, and as co-
founder of the Duneland Fire
School Committee in
Northwest Indiana. As a past
member of the Fire and
Emergency manufacturing
and Services Association
Board of Directors, he
remains active in national
association activities and
legislative initiatives that
support the US Fire Service.
Rod's background and
continued activities as a
structural firefighter allow
him to gain tremendous input
from fire agencies around the
world. This information is
utilized in TFT's New Product
Development Team, the
Strategic Planning Group,
and the Marketing Group's
direction as TFT seeks new
techniques and products to
make the stressful job of fire
suppression faster and safer.

• As the smaller attack lines are typically the first
ones deployed on most fires, common belief is
that the application of high flows and the use
of associated equipment are either unnecessary
or unwise. Many times this assumption is
correct. Yet, for the small percentage of fires
that cause the largest dollar losses, low flowing
hand-held nozzles are often proven ineffective
as the move is inevitably made to defensive
operations.

• Improper or inadequate training on this type of
initial attack can result in extreme water usage
and potential weakening of the fire structure.

• The choice of supply line to a portable monitor
will, in some manner, affect its use. Smaller
line, limited water delivery but maximum
maneuverability, larger line, unlimited flow
capabilities, but it stays where it is laid.

• And finally, there remains the perception
that these devices are strictly for defensive
firefighting operations.

The next issue when using a pre-plumbed
master stream device is Safety. Climbing nearly ten
feet up the side of an apparatus, walking across a
slippery hose bed, and standing in a storage area
with loose equipment is not a great idea even
under the best conditions. Add cold or freezing
temperatures, darkness, and the level of adrena-
line the first arriving crew has, and you have a
recipe for someone falling from the apparatus and
sustaining a career ending injury.

So the next question is: "How do you follow
the recommendations of apparatus manufacturers
and keep the firefighter's feet on the ground?"
This can be simply accomplished by considering
remote control operations of the apparatus' fixed
monitor. Remote control monitors can quickly
provide a heavy attack stream with only the touch
of a button. With either radio frequency remote
controls, or a panel mounted control station, the
operator now can operate the gun remotely,
taking advantage of the best view of the fire. All
of this can be done safely without anyone

climbing to the top of the truck, as well as freeing
that firefighter to accomplish other important
duties.

The need for higher flows in foam operations is
also a consideration when reviewing fire streams
management capabilities. Even at the local level,
pre-planning for a department's response to a
domestic terrorism incident continues to take on
importance of dramatic proportions. Certainly, in
our free and open society, there is no way that we
can identify all aspects or potential threats of a
terrorist act, but many of the scenarios rely on
a department's ability to provide large, uninter-
rupted supplies of water or foam for sustained
periods of time.

Untold opportunities for potential domestic
terrorism involve flammable or poisonous liquids in
both fixed storage and processing facilities, being
transported via rail tank cars, in over-the-road
tankers, or moving through jurisdictions in under-
ground pipelines. As many fire departments are
under-equipped and often inadequately trained to
supply sufficient foam firefighting streams, many
agencies have chosen the flexibility of having a
self-educting foam nozzle that can be used on the
deck gun of an apparatus, or portably on a small
monitor. Having a simple, reliable delivery system
and an adequate supply of foam concentrate can
help any department improve its overall response
capability to high hazard locations.

Finally, by initiating an aggressive attack utilizing
a pre-piped master stream device or a portable
pre-connected monitor, you can attack the fire
using your total capabilities. As long as the device
and stream are carefully and accurately placed,
and personnel operating the devices are mindful
of the method of attack being used, the results
will typically be successful. If, on the other hand,
all components of your high flow initial attack
were initiated properly and the fire still surpassed
your ability to suppress it, there was probably little
else you could have done.

Remember - Big Fire = BIG WATER EES

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

AQUIS FOAM PROPORTIONER

The Aquis™ Foam Proportioner from Waterous delivers a level of performance and reliability typically reserved for more
expensive Class A foam proportioners. Available in two sizes (2.5 and 1.5) to fit your needs, Aquis features a non-
corroding brass body pump as well as sensors that measure water temperature and water flow to create the ideal water
to concentrate ratio for superior foam. Dollar for dollar and feature for feature, there’s no doubting that Aquis is the
finest foam proportioner on earth. To learn more, call (07) 5522 8930 or email bcoe@waterousco.com.au.

INTUITVE OPERATOR PANEL

Manufactured with chrome plated cast
aluminum, long life buttons and UV stable
polycarbonate overlay labeling.

DURABLE FLOWMETER

Features a super accurate, stainless steel
paddlewheel with stainless steel bearings
and carbide axle.

POWERHOUSE PUMP

The AQUIS 2.5 is equipped with a 1/2
hp or the 1 .5 with a 1 /3 hp, 1 2-volt
or 24-volt electric foam concentrate
pump motor.

WATEROUS

SINCE

1886

WATEROUS COMPANY
REGISTERED TO ISO 9001
FILE A61 10

FIRE ALARMS

Specifying Fire

By Peter J. Ebersold
and Trista A. Budd

Honeywell

A typical fire alarm system has a life expectancy of ten to twenty years; therefore
selecting a fire alarm system for a property is a decision with long-term
significance. The life of the fire alarm system in a particular facility begins once
the system installation is completed, accepted by the building owner, and
approved by the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Since the system life
span is at least ten years, many factors must be considered when specifying a
fire alarm system that will best meet that facility's needs.

Building Type and Usage

T he importance of each factor when specifying
a fire alarm system varies depending on the
type of property that the system is protecting.
For example, a system that is appropriate for a
warehouse that is unoccupied most of the time is
most likely not the ideal system for a luxury, high
rise hotel or a residence hall at a university. Key to
successful fire alarm system design is knowing the
building usage as well as occupancy levels and
occupancy schedule. The facility type will drive the
fire system requirements for life safety, critical asset
protection, general property protection as well as
potential detection environment challenges.

Detectors versus Sensors

Detectors were the predecessors of sensors and for
many years only detectors existed. A detector has all
the processing logic built into the device electronics
to make the decision about a fire condition. A
detector makes the fire decision and communicates
the decision to the fire alarm panel. A sensor on the
other hand, is a sampling point measuring ambient
conditions and reporting those conditions back to

the fire alarm panel. The fire alarm panel then
makes the decision whether the conditions reported
by the sensor represent a fire alarm based upon
pre-programmed algorithms in the panel.

Sensors brought many advantages not available
from detectors into fire alarm systems; the most
significant being sensitivity adjustment by point. Each
sensor can have a customized level based upon the
environment in which it was installed. This can result
in a significant improvement in the level of life safety
and a reduction of nuisance alarms in buildings.

Another important feature introduced by sensors
is drift compensation, where the alarm values are
slowly adjusted by the fire alarm panel software
according to the average chamber value of the
sensor. This is used to measure and adjust for
the sensor chamber becoming dirty and to send a
signal to the panel when a sensor needs cleaning.
Sensors also initiated sensitivity levels selectable by
the time-of-day and day-of-week. Sensors can
become more sensitive during hours buildings are
not normally occupied and less sensitive during
hours of occupation. This can also reduce nuisance
alarms while creating quicker response to fires when

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

SPECIFYING FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

FIRE ALARMS

Alarm Systems

the buildings are not occupied.

The bottom line is there are significant differ-
ences in detectors versus sensors for designers and
facility owners. Understanding the differences is
important to the design, installation, programming
and operation of the fire system.

Specialty Sensors

Until recently, the choice when considering the
selection of fire detectors for a facility was limited to
single type detectors. A particular detection tech-
nology would be utilised either to detect the most
likely fire scenario, or it would be chosen because
other detector types could not be installed because
of environmental conditions that cause false alarms
such as dust and high humidity.

Where the fire detection system requires either
advanced sensing or has problems with false alarms
from a single sensor in specific situations, then a
multi-criteria, multi-sensor is the preferred device.
The combination of multiple sensing elements offers
the highest performance practical with today's
technology for use in facilities that are high risk or
have a high cost of down-time. In these applica-
tions, the slightly higher increased cost of such
detection products is worthwhile due to the lower
cost of downtime and business disruption caused by
false alarms.

One example of multiple criteria sensing is the
combination of smoke and heat in a single device.
The fire panel responds to the heat element
differently than the smoke element. This function is
useful in cases where the response is different to a
smoke alarm versus a heat alarm. A prime applica-
tion is hospitality - hotels and motels where guests
may be smoking in their rooms. The smoke element
can be set as a pre-alarm, where a signal can be
transmitted to the front desk to send people to
investigate, without sounding the general alarm and
avoid disturbing the other guests. At the same time,
by the use of a sounder base on the smoke sensor,
a local alarm in the specific room can be sounded.
However, unless the temperature in the room rises
sufficiently to activate the heat element, the general
alarm is not sounded.

Another multiple sensor detection device now
available is a combination Carbon Monoxide,
Photo-Thermal, Infrared analogue addressable
detector. This device offers advanced user con-
figurable sensing, with a unique combination of
detection technologies. The resulting benefits are
unsurpassed nuisance alarm immunity and rapid
response times for most types of fires, including
'fast flaming'. These new technologies of multi-
criteria sensing are changing the concepts of how
fire alarm systems are designed, making them more
powerful and more responsive.

Stakeholders in Fire System Decision

There are many stakeholders involved in the
decision making process that goes into specifying a
fire alarm system. Among the stakeholders are the
building owner or his facility manager or building
engineer, the general or electrical contractor who is
building or renovating a structure, the fire alarm
manufacturer's branch office or local authorized
distributor, an Architecture and Engineering firm, a
Fire Protection Engineering (FPE) consultant, and the
local AHJ. Each of these groups may have various

priorities and concerns which may impact the
schedule or cost.

At a minimum, the building owner always wants
a system that will meet either a local fire code or a
national or internationally recognized code that is
acceptable to the AHJ. Since a building owner is
generally not an expert in fire alarm or life safety
systems, they often rely on the expertise of outside
personnel to make certain that the system meets
local codes and their unique needs. Some building
owners, particularly those who have high value
properties such as Class A office space, residential
buildings, or high risk facilities such as airports,
petrochemical refineries, or semiconductor manu-
facturing plants may be willing to spend more
money for leading edge technology that improves
false alarm immunity, decreases the time between
detection of a fire and sounding the alarm or adds
functionality that is not required by code. As an
example, a building owner may request a voice
evacuation system to instruct building occupants
during an emergency even though the local code
does not require a voice evacuation system for that
occupancy. It is only after a building owner has lived
with a fire alarm system for a few years that they
completely understand the benefits and potential
limitations of the system. However, if the building
owner stays involved with all aspects of the fire
alarm system discussion, bid and installation
process, they are most likely to get the system that
best fits their facilities' needs.

The general contactor or electrical contractor is
focused on finishing the project within a specific
schedule. Their goal is to minimize schedule
impacts. A more complicated fire alarm system with
special requirements will generally take more time
to install or test. Having the contractor understand a
system's complexity and special installation require-
ments will give them a better idea of how long the
installation will take.

Building owners with large, complicated projects
or special requirements will often hire an indepen-
dent Fire Protection Engineering (FPE) consulting
firm to recommend or design a fire alarm system.
The FPE firm may interview fire alarm vendors
and/or their local authorized distributor about their
capabilities for a project. The FPE firm will then

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIRE ALARMS

SPECIFYING FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

recommend a particular manufacturer's system to
the client or the FPE will prepare a bid specification
that the building owner can use to solicit distribu-
tors for an installation and test.

An architect is often concerned with the aesthetics
of a system. These aesthetics can include the appear-
ance of the notification appliances, whether the
smoke or heat detectors will detract from the room's
appearance, the placement of the fire alarm control
panel and its visibility to the building tenants.

The AHJ requires that the system meets appro-
priate codes, however they may have their own
unique requirements that factor in the local
differences such as extended battery backup for
areas where power outages or severe weather are
common. When the stakeholders have all agreed on
the system requirements, the fire alarm specification
can go out to bid or be awarded to the fire alarm
distributor for installation, testing and acceptance.
A well designed system will install quickly. It also
builds credibility for all involved that the design
considered all system requirements.

Total Life Cycle Cost

Another important consideration in the fire alarm
system selection process for any building owner or
facility manager is the total life cycle cost of a
system. While the initial system hardware and
installation costs are important in determining who
to award a system installation contract to, the
annual recurring cost for inspections, testing and
normal maintenance are also important. Service
and maintenance costs over a five to ten year period
can be more than the initial installation expense. To
better understand annual recurring costs, the build-
ing owner should require that each potential bidder
or installer include a service agreement for a defined
period of years as part of the bid package. Service
agreement components to consider include the
following: yearly test and inspection, written reports
completed after each maintenance visit that outlines
exactly the services performed and coverage for
routine maintenance such as smoke detector
cleaning and spare parts once the manufacturer's
warranty expires. Another important factor is

whether after hours visits are covered or if additional
charges for work after normal business hours are
incurred. By reviewing annual costs before the
system installation contract is awarded, the building
owner can understand what the true life cycle cost
is for a particular manufacturer's system. Depending
on a facility's budget structure, it may be easier to
justify a higher up-front cost rather than a signifi-
cant annual maintenance expense.

Other key questions that a building owner should
research include:

- Are smoke detectors, remote annunciators, etc.,
backward compatible?

- How long has the proposed system been on the
market?

- Are references available for similar type projects?

- Are their multiple sources of spare parts in a
particular city or region?

- Is the fire alarm manufacturer willing to train the
building owner's representative on fire alarm system
operation? What is the cost of a training class?

- Is the fire alarm system non-proprietary?

In a non-proprietary system, where the manu-
facturer will share the password with the system
owner, the building owner may be able to choose
between several service providers. This is a winning
situation for the building owner as a means to keep
their service costs reasonable. In addition, it gives
the local branch or distributor the incentive to
service that account well.

Summary

A fire alarm system is an essential element of any
new construction or retrofit project. While the fire
alarm system is not obvious in the same way a roof,
walls, windows or elevators are, it is critical to the
safety of the building's tenants, visitors and service
personnel. Cooperation between the different
groups involved in the design, specification, bidding,
installation and inspection of a fire alarm system is
vital to a well designed, trouble-free installation that
will function properly over many years. The peace of
mind that the building owner receives knowing they
have the best fire alarm system they could b uy is
priceless. E333

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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the building's lobby.

ONYX FirstVision is the latest breakthrough
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The intelligent early warning system for fires.

SecuriPro® - the modular fire alarm system

Securiton AG, Alarm and Security Systems
www.securiton.eu, info@securiton.eu

Securiton RUS

www.securiton.ru, info@securiton.ru

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www.securiton.eu, asia@securiton.com. my

A company of the Swiss Securitas Group

SECURITON

For your safety

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Smoke and darkness can conceal secrets.

Discover them with the Drager UCF® 1600 and Drager UCF® 3200

The dark may hide many secrets but it can never hide the heat left over from
the day or from a hiding fire. Being able to see heat enables you to not only
find your way around, but to find your objectives: the fire and the people that
need to be rescued. To help you stay focused in the dark, Drager Safety intro-
duces the new Drager UCF® 1 600 and Drager UCF® 3200 thermal imaging
cameras. You can shake them, drop them, bang them and they still keep on
going. So that you will never lose your bearings.

PIONEERING SOLUTIONS »

Dragersafety

Detection

Personal Protection

Diving Technology

System Technology

Services

www.draeger.com

SCBA

Pic courtesy of Draeger

By Gerd Pearson

Draeger Safety UK
Limited

Taking a Modular
Approach to SCBA

With more "whistles and bells" than ever before, modern day self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA) is no longer a device that "simply" allows someone
to breathe. Instead, it now plays an integral role in the safety of firefighters by
offering better protection than ever before and transmitting vital data to their
colleagues about real-time operational conditions as well as their own individual
status. However, not every situation requires the same breathing apparatus
functionality and how can something so technically advanced be designed to
suit the needs of every application? The answer lies in one word, "modularity".

I n fact, the overall safety of professional firefighters
has taken on a whole new meaning with the
development of innovative modular systems that
can be quickly and easily adapted to suit a particular
"shout". Placing the emphasis on usability, perfor-
mance and comfort, these new systems can be
linked together to meet the exact needs of today's
firefighters - as well as their needs for tomorrow.

For the first time harnesses, face masks, helmets,
communications and telemetry can be selected to
offer the utmost protection against specific hazards
and/or exceptional circumstances. In addition, the
effortless assembly and disassembly of each of the
major components means that not only can the BA
be configured rapidly, but easy care and main-
tenance will guarantee quick turnaround times in
the workshop and, as a result, ensure that the
breathing apparatus is always ready for use.

The start of a revolution

Back in 1990, in anticipation of the new PPE Direc-
tive, EN137, Draeger Safety seized the opportunity to
develop a new type of CABA. With the standard as a
guide, the company made the decision not to simply
amend existing sets but, instead, undertook extensive
research to find out exactly what firefighters needed.
As a result, Draeger has been able to revolutionise
the design and effectiveness of BA way beyond the
basic requirements and lead the way, technologically,
well into the future.

For instance, the burden of weight on the back is
something that every firefighter has to contend
with. Following studies with the Rotterdam Fire
Brigade to determine the most effective method of
weight distribution and body mounting of BA sets,
Draeger found that it was able to significantly
reduce the likelihood of back injuries by minimising

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the stress on the body. In Addition, following careful consideration of a study of anthro-
pometries, Draeger also added a height adjustment feature to the backplate.

Recognising that BA is worn in dynamic applications where firefighters are required to
move, bend and stretch, a sliding/pivoting waistbelt was introduced to ensure free move-
ment and allow for up to 80mm of spinal stretch. Knowing that, before anything else is
taken into consideration, the average firefighter is required to carry 3 kilos of compressed
air, Draeger also took the opportunity to reduce cylinder weight. Lighter than traditional
versions, carbon composite cylinders were developed and are now available in a number
of different formats and configurations to suit different requirements. (In fact Draeger is
still the only breathing apparatus manufacturer to make its own carbon composite cylin-
ders.)

By the late 1990's, and still listening to its customers, Draeger launched the next phase
of fully integrated CABA: electronic monitoring. This saw the introduction of the
DraegerMan Bodyguard and, five years later in April 2002, the DraegerMan Bodyguard II.

Easy to use with simple push-button controls to provide fast access to essential
information, Bodyguard offers a host of previously separate warning and monitoring
devices within a single instrument.

For example, amongst other things, this advanced data storage unit can indicate how
much air is left within the cylinder and, by calculating the current rate of consumption,
will advise the firefighter how much time he or she has left. In addition, it can provide a
temperature reading and act as a distress alarm if a firefighter becomes trapped. If a
firefighter is unconscious and cannot move, it will, after a pre-determined time, sound an
automatic alarm which is both visible and audible.

The availability of electronic monitoring also brought about the dawn of telemetry.
Developed by Draeger and launched as the first system of its kind, the PSS Merlin takes
the guesswork out of entry control and accountability procedures and brings a new level
of monitoring and protection to firefighting applications.

Fast and accurate, it incorporates an entry control board, the DraegerMan Bodyguard
and a portable radio unit attached to the firefighter's BA set. Using radio technology to
continuously transmit and receive data from up to 12 individual firefighters simultaneously,
this self-contained, state-of-the-art electronic system is able to remotely monitor their
exact status and safety from outside the incident. Put simply, the Entry Control Officer
(ECO) sees exactly what the firefighter sees in terms of Bodyguard information.

Unlike traditional manual or semi-manual systems where the ECO knows the time of
firefighter entry but can only estimate the time out, the PSS Merlin provides ECOs with a
continuously updated supply of vital information. Enabling them to react immediately in
an emergency, this also assists with the planning of relief teams.

Meeting the requirements of TB1/97 and JCDD40, the PSS Merlin control board is based
on the standard UK control board with additional electronic displays. Fully automatic and
able to support rapid deployment procedures, it provides one continuous display channel
for each firefighter simultaneously, with full manual back up if required. In addition to the
time that the firefighter is due out (based on time remaining), up to six parameters can be
seen by pressing the information button - the brigade can choose which parameters and
the order in which they are shown. Data logging is also possible for post-incident analysis.

An added bonus is that the radio acts as a complete slave to the Bodyguard which
means that the firefighter can forget about it - there is no need to tune to the right
channel or to press transmit or receive buttons. Repeaters can be used in circumstances
where signal transmission may be impaired such as in underground tunnels.

The latest developments

Forming part of a revolutionary, complete system solution from Draeger Safety, the
innovative Draeger PSS 7000 Breathing Apparatus (BA) has been developed by professionals
for use in even the most hostile of environments. Modular in design, it can be easily and
quickly configured to suit different operational requirements and provides seamless
integration with facemasks, head protection and communications equipment.

Easily upgraded to meet future needs, the Draeger PSS 7000 is the latest development
in Draeger's ongoing commitment to the provision of world class breathing apparatus and
incorporates tried and tested pneumatics as well as the most advanced materials. Bringing
greater confidence to users by combining the very best ergonomics with reliability,
durability and safety, it also offers easy care and maintenance. In addition, the Draeger
PSS 7000 combines a wide range of features to maximise comfort and minimise both
stress and fatigue, and is ideal for use with personal monitoring and/or telemetry systems.

The new harness, for example, features advanced compression moulded comfortable
padding that combines high temperature performance with exceptional wear resistance.
A high grip, anti-slip surface ensures that the harness stays in position and the set remains
secure on the body, whilst a quick release mechanism on both the waistbelt and shoulder
harness allows quick and easy detachment for easy cleaning and maintenance.

Adjustable and robust, the new heavy duty stainless steel strap buckles ensure long life
and easy operation when donning and doffing, and the shoulder pads and waistbelt both
feature a new quick release mechanism for easy maintenance. As an added benefit, the
new hose sleeves on the shoulder harness are covered with reflective material to increase
visibility and, at the same time, provide additional hose protection and minimise the risk of
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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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Featuring 3-point height adjustment, the light-
weight, high strength carbon composite back plate
incorporates further integral hose channels to
eliminate snagging and offer improved protection.
Large carrying handles have also been integrated for
better handling and safety, and a new slide and
swivel waistbelt mechanism ensures correct
positioning on the body during donning. The first
stage pressure reducer has also been fitted with a
quick release mechanism for easy maintenance.

Also designed with the needs of firefighters in
mind and fully compatible with the Draeger PSS
7000 BA as well as the Draeger HPS 6200 Helmet,
the new Draeger FPS 7000 Full Face Mask forms part
of the same revolutionary, complete system solution
from Draeger Safety. Developed as a result of user
consultation and representing a new standard in
terms of safety and wearer comfort, it combines the
very latest ergonomic design with a large field of
vision and a secure fit that feels both comfortable
and natural to wear. Offering more flexibility than
ever before, with a wide range of modular, integral
accessories, this robust, easily maintained mask is
also available in a variety of sizes.

Available with either a hypoallergenic Silicone or
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innovative design optimises the air circulation within
the mask to eliminate misting and, in addition, a
number of different coatings are also available to
meet every eventuality.

Providing an outstanding fit to both the head and
face, the ergonomic, double seal of the mask body
ensures a secure, comfortable fit for all face shapes
and contours. The uncomplicated 5-point head har-
ness also allows the mask to be donned and
removed both quickly and easily. In addition, and for
those who prefer to use mask-helmet combinations,
the new patented 2-point Draeger Q-fix connection,
complete with safety button to prevent unintentional
release, ensures that the Draeger FPS 7000 can be
quickly connected to the Draeger HPS6200 helmet.

Obviously, effective communication is vital to any
firefighter. For this reason, the mask can also be
supplied with the new, integral Draeger FPS-COM
communication system. This state-of-the-art,
modular system can be easily adapted to suit specific
needs, whether for radio communication or voice
amplification.

Maintenance is also quick and easy. In fact, the
clever design of these special accessories and the
simple maintenance of each of the mask parts ensure
that the Draeger FPS 7000 is economical and easy to
service as well as being flexible and versatile in use.

Draeger Safety manufactures a wide range of
respiratory protective equipment as well as personal
escape sets, chemical protection suits and both
portable and fixed gas detection systems that are
ideal for firefighters. Designed to absorb excess body
heat and bring improved comfort to the wearer, the
Draeger CVP 5220 Cooling Vest a typical example.

Ideal for firefighters and those working in high
temperature surroundings, it is also particularly suit-
able for use under gas-tight chemical protective suits
as well as in industrial, shipping, mining and blast fur-
nace applications. Unlike alternative cooling methods
that require pre-freezing, the Draeger Cooling Vest
incorporates a special Phase Change Material (PCM)
throughout the garment. Able to reduce the wearers'
temperature by around 4°C, it can, depending on the
level of physical work and the ambient tempera ture,
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By Erik de Kunder

Senior international
instructor, Artesis
Academy
and

Jack Kusters

Managing Director,
Artesis Academy

Heavy vehicle

RTAS

In this world today, we can no longer move without any transport. They don't
say for nothing, "without transport everything stands still". The economy is very
dependent on transport and particularly of freight carriages.

I f we examine the traffic movement, we see that
even there the increase hasn't stopped. More
strongly, it seems that on every continent the
transport movements are still increasing.

This amount of traffic movement also results in
the increase of the number of accidents. Because
of this accidents with freight carriages are happen-
ing more and more.

As rescue services, we have to deal more and
more with the challenge, to give aid to lorry
drivers in a fast and safe way.

In the past it was absolutely no problem to cut
a lorry open with our hydraulic tools, nowadays
we have to deal with bigger challenges.

A very attentive accident is the "head/tail"
collision.

Because of the busy traffic movement, the
drivers will drive to close together which increases
the danger for head/tail collisions enormously.

Certainly a lorry with a total weight of 50
barrels does not stand still at once. As soon as a
vehicle like this is involved in an accident, its total
weight becomes its largest enemy.

Because this mass has a forward speed, it is
simply impossible to slow down at a short distance.
And if the driver doesn't respond quickly enough a
heavy accident can no longer be prevented. The

driver always tries to bring himself into safety. This
is a completely natural response. We frequently see
that were there space to survive the accident, that
this is space were the driver is sitting.

If we look at the improvements which the
vehicle industry applies on the freight carriages,
we see more and more safety and security systems
that are protecting the people inside. An impor-
tant change is the application of firm and harder
steel in the cabins.

To make the so called "cage construction"
more safe, the following steel sorts are being used
to reinforce the cage construction: High strength
low alloy(HSLA), Micro-alloy, Boron and Ultra
HSLA.

The reason this steel is being used is because it
is absorbing the energy from the impact. By using
this stronger steel, it uses more energy to deform.
Therefore this reduction of energy makes it
possible for the victims to be able to survive the
accident.

This is clearly of influence on the external
lesions of the victims and not on the internal
lesions (not visible).

This stronger steel doesn't make it easier for the
rescue workers to reach the victim inside the
cabin.

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It is costing the rescue workers more
time and effort to open a cabin with the
standard techniques. These changes in the
cage constructions however, help rescue
workers to develop new techniques.

A large point of profit is a reliable point
of attachment for the spreader or ram on
the cage construction strengthening points.
By using the hydraulic equipment in a dif-
ferent way, there will be more possibilities
and more techniques to open the cabin.

In order to manage several types of
accidents there are many tools and
appliances available. In our vision there are
three different levels of tools that can be
distinguished. Light, middle and heavy
hydraulic tools.

The category 'light' contains tools such
as combination spreaders and small rams.
The combination spreaders and small rams
should belong to the standard equipment
of each fire fighter vehicle. These tools can
be used for forcing an opening for both
buildings and vehicles. If we only focus on
vehicle accidents there are some restrictions
to these tools.

In order to install the light hydraulic tools
on a first fire fighter vehicle there is one
condition that must be followed. Assistance
of middle-heavy or heavy tools should be
available within a short period of time. A
short period of time is defined in Western
Europe between 15 and 30 minutes. If this
condition cannot be guarantied, the middle-
heavy tools should be available in the first
action. The main point is that with the light
category tool at a car accident, the tool
must be able to open a door and remove a
roof. There shouldn't be any doubt about
the capacities of the light category tools, but
for example the spreader opening and the
cutting possibilities of the combination
spreader are somewhat more limited than

the spreaders or cutting equipment.

The combination spreaders are further
developed and are improving their possibili-
ties more and more. Particularly the quick
removal of the spreading points, turns
the tool into a fully approved cutting
equipment.

The maximum opening remains a point
of interest. The middle-heavy category
tools contain the spreaders, cutters and
rams that can make a larger opening or
have a stronger cutting power.

Moreover is in our perception the
tension free cutting is the most important
point for choosing the cutting equipment
and it is subordinate to the cutting power
such as is described in the folders.

With the middle-heavy tools it is possible
to tackle more complex incidents with cars
and light freight carriages. The larger open-
ings which can be made in combination
with more power, give the rescue workers
more possibilities to save victims rapidly
and adequate.

The heaviest category hydraulic tools are
being used for example in incidents with
trucks, trains and collapsed buildings. This
category tool is also used at earthquakes
and such.

Characteristic in this category is the
extreme power which can be displayed by
this tool. Rescue personnel must realise
themselves that the tool can also have an
enormous powerful response, after all
action is reaction.

In the different types of incidents the
different tools can be used. At complex
incidents you frequently also need smaller
tools from the light category. Then these
tools are used for example to make open-
ings, where after larger and heavier tools
can be used. Which tool will be necessary
for your brigade is difficult to say.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

HEAVY VEHICLES

HEAVY VEHICLE RTAS

Closer study into the working circumstances
and types of incidents is necessary. Particularly the
working circumstances are important to examine.
Concerning the hydraulic tools it is important to
know that climatological circumstances have a
strong influence on the performances of tools.
Surroundings temperatures could be responsible
for the capacity decrease of the tool. In a next
number of APF we will present an comparison
model for hydraulic tools.

Education and training

In any rescue operation, especially in heavy rescue
training is essential. Having the adequate equip-
ment will bring nothing, if not correctly applied.
Changes in the car industry already have lead to
the results that for accidents with cars and
MPV's/SUV's a total of 16 techniques can be
applied.

In this segment of the rescue aid, Artesis
Academy from the Netherlands has developed a
skilful pocket notebook were these techniques can
easily and step by step be carried out. The pocket
notebook is part of a 1-day elementary course
ART™ (Artesis Rescue Technics) and a 3-day
advanced course of a person vehicle. For the 2-day
follow-up course, the heavy RTA course, is also a
skilful pocket notebook with all points of interest
and techniques is available.

During the training the different subjects
concerning the heavy RTA for freight carriages and
buses will be addressed to. There will be extra
attention for the subjects kinetic energy, the
accident mechanism, danger indication and the

different safety systems and their impact.

The practice course is aiming at rescuing from
and handling the mass of freight carriages and
buses. Attention also lies in managing larger
accidents with several victims. Training is done on
location or in one of our training locations in
Europe.

Appliances

In order to rescue the victims after an accident,
other appliances are also necessary beside the

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HEAVY VEHICLES

HEAVY VEHICLE RTAS

mentioned tools. Depending on of the type
accident several appliances can be used.

For example we mention stabilisation materials
like cribbing blocks or complete scaffolding
appliances. For accidents with trucks are rapidly
build up scaffolding is a good alternative. This
makes it possible for the rescue worker to work on
altitude and carry out a justified rescue. This in
order to prevent that rescue workers must stand
on ladders or have to work with tools above their
head. That is irresponsible.

Stabilising for example a truck is asking for
particular attention. This in order to prevent the
wreck from moving during the rescue action. This
is often a complex task for the rescue workers.
Different than with cars, trucks have 4 points of
attention for stabilisation. In order for a fast and
adequate action, the rescue workers must have
additional materials. Certain stamp systems are
being used here, which can bridge a larger

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altitude/distance concerning the stable situation.
These stamps must have sufficient carrying capacity
towards the weight which they must support.

Another solution can be found in the so called
NT-Bags. These connectable high pressure lifting
cushions offer the possibility to a rapid and
adequate stabilisation of larger weights such as
trucks.

Besides the above, the lifting cushions are
extremely suitable to use at collapsed buildings
after for example an earthquake. The NT-bags
have the advantages of a high and low pressure
lifting cushion in one. The lifting height of the low
pressure lifting cushion and the capacity and
stability of high pressure lifting cushion.

Because the cushions can be connected to one
another, large altitudes can be are overcome with-
out endangering the stability. The last is important
for a safe working environment for the rescue
workers. The lifting cushion is therefore a fully
approved tool for the rescue service.

What is noticeable however, is that rescue
workers do not really know what they can do with
the lifting cushions. This is why we are busy at this
moment to develop a method for the use of lifting
cushions. Also on this subject we will return in a
next number of APF. EH3

Writer of several books and articles and training all over
the world Jack Kuster is an expert in extrication and
rescue in general. Many tools and equipment that we use
now for extrication is started as a brainwave from Kusters,
where manufacturers have translated the idea into a useful
product. At the beginning of the 90s he developed a new
system for extrication for the Dutch emergency response
services. This became known as the "Kusters" approach.
Now Kusters is managing director of Artesis Academy.

Email: j.kusters@artesis.nl

Erik de Kunder become instructor out of the ambition to
improve extrication mostly, by developing new techniques
and training materials. Fie has instructed many rescuers
around the world, and several techniques are developed
and improved by Kunder. Fie is now a senior instructor at
Artesis with focus on training international teams.

Website: www.artesis.nl

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ARFF DRIVING

Use of Simulatio
Truck Driving an

By Marco van
Wijngaarden

The crash truck is the key asset of the Airport Fire and Rescue Service (ARFF).

Safe and adequate driving and operating is essential to ensure the full use of the
fire fighting capabilities when it is needed at live incidents. Its particular
extinguishment capacity, speed, acceleration and dimensions characterize a
crash truck. These characteristics make it a special vehicle that requires proper
and careful use by its crew.

ETC Simulation

U nfortunately, as in normal traffic, incidents do
occur whilst driving, training and at real
incidents. It is also known that vehicles are
not always used effectively at live incidents. The
result of inadequate training, familiarization, experi-
ence or carelessness is often damage to property,
but also results loss of lives. Well known results of
poor preparation are: vehicle roll over, being stuck
in soft terrain, improper/inefficient operation and
hitting casualties with vehicle and jet stream. How
can such things happen with all of the existing
methods for preparation such as classroom educa-
tion, daily driving and frequent live training? When
we look closer at what we are doing we should ask
ourselves the question: How can we do better?

My presentation is about the way education and
training of ARFF can be improved by the use of
simulation. I will not provide a ready-to-use
solution. It is my goal to look at training for
CT-crews from a different perspective to contribute
to optimal preparedness for ARFF.

The topics I will cover are: Educational side,
Context of the job, Live fire training and Simulation.
I will then review in a conclusion.

Educational side

In the past years we've seen some interesting
educational developments that can be used for ARF.
A new trend is called New School Learning. When
we compare Old School and New School Learning
we see the following characteristics:

Table 1: Old School and New School Learning

Old School Learning

New School Learning

Teaching content

Learning processes

Classroom focused

Workplace focused

Teacher centred

Learner centred

Inactive working forms

Active working forms

Belongs to training
department

Belongs to each person

Activity centred

Outcomes based

Training Specialist

Learning Consultant

Planned learning

All day learning

New School Learning is mainly based on the
learning theory of social constructivism. Social
constructivism is a concept that says that learning

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ARFF DRIVING

USE OF SIMULATION FOR ARFF CRASH TRUCK DRIVING AND OPERATIONS

for ARFF Crash
Operations

takes place in context with the (social) environment.
A direct consequence is that the learned skills will
be more automatically applied in live situations that
correspond with the training situation. This means
that the learning environment must match as much
as possible the practical situation where skills will be
applied. Because learning is a social process it
continues always, in school and beyond. We simply
cannot stop learning, and most learning takes place
outside school or training hours. It is hard to plan
and orchestrate the learning process because it
requires some conditions. One of them is that you
can only learn in the next zone of development. It is
like a ladder in that you cannot climb two or three
rails further than you are. You have to build further
on existing skills, step by step. Another point of
interest is that people learn in different ways.

Renowned American educational theorist, David
Kolb researched this and his theory about learning
styles is well known. Kolb's learning theory defines
four distinct learning styles (or preferences), which
are based on a four-stage learning cycle (which
might also be interpreted as a 'training cycle'). In this
respect Kolb's model is particularly elegant, since it
offers both a way to understand individual people's
different learning styles, and is also an explanation of
a cycle of experiential learning that applies to us all.
Kolb includes this 'cycle of learning' as a central
principle his experiential learning theory, typically
expressed as four-stage cycle of learning, in which
(1) 'immediate or concrete experiences' provide a
basis for (2) 'observations and reflections'. These
'observations and reflections' are assimilated and dis-
tilled into (3) 'abstract concepts' producing new
implications for action, which can be (4) 'actively
tested' in turn creating new experiences. Generally
speaking, we see that operational fire fighters can
be found dominantly within two learning styles:
Accommodating (Doing and Feeling) and Converg-
ing (Doing and Thinking). Both share active and
experimental learning. This implicates that the
training circle ideally should start in one of these two
learning styles: experimental learning. But also that
we should ensure that we cover the two other styles
as well to make implicit training experiences explicit,
and achieve optimal training results.

A third point is that different teaching formats
have a limited tenability. Active formats are more
efficient than passive ones. For example 'Listening'
has a retention level of 10% while 'Experimenting'
yields 90%. A fourth point is that we know that
people are able to connect various learned elements
when they know the context and know the con-
nection. Which means that one can train in smaller
elements (modular) at first, and integrate the
elements into larger elements or the whole system. To
conclude, we know what conditions are required to
gain the best training results. A very important factor
is that we have high expectations of the trainee.

This implicates that we have to set our pro-
fessional standards. Further relevant, is a well
organized training organization and a safe (social)
learning environment with opportunities to

experiment. The conclusion that I want to make is
that the ARFF should be educated and trained in an
authentic training environment. This requires that
the learning environment can generate those stimuli
that are relevant to elicit realistic behaviour of
trainees. It speaks for itself that the stimulus must
be noticeable by the trainees, otherwise training is
of no use. The design of training programs must
ensure that the context ("how does this work in live
incidents, what is my role?") is clear for the
trainees, so one can train modular in smaller ele-
ments with appropriate training formats with
options for experimenting. The modules can be
integrated into larger elements or complete exer-
cises. And we should organize our training in that
way that our people can learn at their own pace.
Also we should make them aware of their own
responsibility for learning. They have the right to
good preparedness and on the other hand they
have the responsibility to prepare themselves
adequately. New School Learning is teamwork and
requires a positive approach by training staff.

Context of roles

In examining ARFF operations at an aircraft incident
at the level of a crash truck, we find three roles that
can be integrated depending on the local opera-
tional strength. We have the crew commander,
driver and crewmember. For this paper I will concen-
trate on the crew commander and driver. Important
contextual factors are: unexpected events, unknown
situations, response time, and life threatening situa-
tions. The key tasks that have to be fulfilled by the
crew commander are: command, control and
communicate and for the driver: drive, position
and operate. In addition, the vehicle must cooperate

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ARFF DRIVING

with the other responding vehicles. Due to the lack
of time, a portion of the operations has to be carried
out in an automated manner. These are the pure
motoric skills like operating the correct buttons in
the correct order. All other skills are more related to
knowledge and insight and are cognitive operations.

Time pressure, and unexpected and unknown
situations result in stress. The available time is
almost always underestimated, which makes people
experience even more time pressure. Another factor
is that we filter information inappropriately under
severe stress. The result of too much stress is that
the capacity to make judgements in a proper manner
decreases. When we prepare vehicle crews for
handling standard situations as well as exceptions to
the standard we increase capability and decrease
uncertainness, and they will experience less stress.
Better decisions are expected when we have
optimal preparation. Now we will look at decision-
making under time pressure by using the concepts
of Research Psychologist Gary A. Klein and
Cognitive Research Scientist, Professor Jens
Rasmussen. Klein researched decision making under
time pressure by experienced professionals. His
conclusion is that - in opposition to the rational
decision making model - professionals rarely
compare alternatives to make the best choice. It
seems that they assess the situation, and based on
their assessment they select the most proper
decision (so not per definition the best). This model
falls apart in three steps.

1 Situation recognition: the decision maker
recognizes the situation as known or new. With a
known situation comes a known solution, with
actions that are frequently used or trained. An
unknown situation requires unknown actions.
Recognition happens on the basis of some indica-
tors and causal developing steps that explain for the
decision maker as well as the existing situation as
the expected development of the situation. Based
on this, the decision maker sets his achievable goals
and selects an appropriate action as follows:

2 Serial comparison of alternatives: relying on his
experience, he develops a set of alternative actions
that can lead to the intended goals. The order of

these alternatives is deter-
mined by the extent in
which they where used
successfully in previous,
similar situations. To exam-
ine if an alternative is
appropriate, the decision
maker uses:

3 Mental simulation: the
set of actions are simulated
mentally to see how they
will work and affect the
situation. The decision
maker will do this only for
the first alternatives on his
list. When an action seems
to work he will select it,
even when it is not an
optimal solution.

Recognition drives decisions according to Klein.
This implies that a decision maker must have a wide
experience - a ready to use mental library of situa-
tions and solutions - to be prepared for his task.

Rasmussen's research concentrated on mistakes
made within decision-making. Based on his research
the distinct three types of decision-making are:
skill-based, rule-based and knowledge based.

1 Skill-based. The decision maker reacts directly
and is almost unaware of the situation. Examples
are simple motoric skills, such as driving and putting
on a breathing apparatus.

2 Rule-based. The decision maker's response is
based on well-trained automated rules. This type is
very close related to skill-based. An example is
driving upwind and using foam on fuel spills.

3 Knowledge-based. Decision making based on
knowledge. When a situation is new, one must
think about the situation, goals and alternatives. For
example incident command.

When we use these three types to look at a crash
truck crew we see that the driver mainly works and
decides at a skill-based and rule-based level. This
requires a high frequency of repetition of training
his task elements. The crew commander works
mainly rule-based and knowledge-based. Because
his decisions are made under time pressure, his
training must be aimed at situation recognition,
expansion of the capability for mental simulation
and internalization of best choices. The larger the
solution-database of a crew commander is, the
better decisions you can expect. This demands
variation in training of incidents with stimuli that
normally will drive the decisions.

Thorough after action reviews are important to
improve mental simulation and also to provide a
good understanding of time/tempo factors. This
training has to be supported by two - and three
dimensional visualizations. The crew can train
individually, but should also train as team. The types
of decision-making can be translated to an
educational approach on three levels of training
objectives: Motoric, Knowledge and Insight. Table 2
shows the models of Klein and Rasmussen in rela-
tion to the training context.

Table 2: Educational Implications Klein and Rasmussen

Motoric

Knowledge

Insight

Internalization

Situation Recognition

Internalization

Internal Simulation

Driver

Doing

Seeing

Doing

Crew Commander

Seeing

Doing

Seeing

Team

Seeing

Doing

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USE OF SIMULATION FOR ARFF CRASH TRUCK DRIVING AND OPERATIONS

Live fire training

Legislation on training states that there should be a
plan and program for sufficient and frequent ARFF
training. But what is sufficient? What is frequent?
These questions are hard to answer. The overall goal
is that the organization and individuals are ready for
their tasks. And how frequent does one need to do
live fire training? What are the conditions for this
type of training? To what extent should we train
multi-agency operations? When we look globally at
the way live fire training is organized we see that it
varies from daily to yearly. In many cases such train-
ing is about a standard operating procedure with
one to two crash trucks on a training rig with a fuel
spill fire. We see training rigs that look very realistic
and we see some that are nothing more than a fuel
burn pit with some steel tanks, containers and even
cars. Training staffs add variation to the training by
changing some factors in the scenario. Such live
drills are an example of drilling the standard, where
'Motoric' and 'Knowledge' are trained for the
'Doing'-part only. Without the necessary variation
parts of 'Seeing' and thus a part of 'Knowledge'
and the whole of 'Insight' are not trained. Live fire
training has its educational limitations.

Furthermore, we know that the methods and
extent that live fire training can be executed depend
on safety as well as environmental legislations,
organizational limitations and budget constraints.
Especially when we cannot use real foam as we see
with propane fuelled installation the learning effect
is limited. This also counts for training on too small
burn pits, rigs that don't look at an aircraft at all or
with other types of fuel. On the other hand we see
that computer controlled propane fuelled installa-
tions have excellent educational capabilities due to
the variation and controllability of scenarios. Of
course live fire training is essential and useful. How-
ever the learning value is not as much as we expect
for all roles on the crash truck, because we tend to
train for standard situations only. And when one
train only one or two times per year, the level of
experience can be indicated as average to poor.

My conclusion is that live fire training is essential
to maintain a good level of proficiency. Well designed
training installations in combination with good train-
ing curricula and staff can offer the necessary training
variation. The educational effect of live training is in
some areas not as good as we would expect. Live fire
training has drawbacks: it is expensive; it is polluting
and contributes to global warming. The latter two
are becoming more and more unacceptable.

Simulation

In essence, live fire training is also a simulation: a
representation of a real situation. In this paragraph I
will discuss computer simulation. Computer
simulation has been used for decades to prepare
professionals for their jobs and is also not new for
the fire service. Many countries already use one or
more types of simulation like e-learning, multi-
media, driving, (table-top) incident command and
control. I would like to take a closer look at simula-
tion that is useful for ARFF crash truck training in
conjunction with live fire training. First we will
examine functionalities of this kind of simulation,
which I have divided in three types: algorithmic (AF),
transparency (TF) and virtual functionality (VF).

1 Algorithmic. The ability to calculate the effect of
trainees' actions and decisions on the situation. For
example, the development of a fire or the rescue of
a casualty including its health.

2 Transparency. The ability to expose the learning

process. With this capability, one can look at all
actions afterwards to have intensive after action
reviews. It also informs trainers about the progress
of the trainee.

3 Virtual. The ability to visualize a realistic represen-
tation of the situation. It is important to have all
relevant stimuli incorporated that are related to the
training objectives.

The transparency functionality is relevant in all
learning situations, the other two are not. Table 3
shows the functionalities for the various jobs and
learning objectives.

The combination of the functionalities determines
the level of authenticity of the simulation, and the
level of immersion into the learning environment.
The better the immersion is, the more realistic the
behaviour of the trainee will be. Immersion is also
determined by the way the human sense are

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ARFF DRIVING

USE OF SIMULATION FOR ARFF CRASH TRUCK DRIVING AND OPERATIONS

Table 3: Functionalities For Simulation

Motoric

Knowledge

Insight

Internalization

Situation Recognition

Internalization

Internal Simulation

Driver

AF-TF-VF

TF-VF

Crew Commander

TF-VF

AF-TF-VF

Team

TF-VF

AF-TF-VF

stimulated through seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling
and tasting. These elements and functionalities have
an effect on the simulator software and hardware
components. The simulator, trainee(s), role-players
and training staff together create the training envi-
ronment. The use of simulation and serious games
within education is growing, and authentic simula-
tions are available to use for training ARFF crash
truck personnel. The good ones have A-T-V function-
alities integrated within appropriate hardware.
Hardware goes from standard PC's to realistic vehicle
cabins complete with motion platforms. There are
even simulators with smell, temperature and wind.

Simulators offer a range of advantages. One can
create and train for situations that can barely or
never be trained for in the real world. Authentic
simulators offer a great learning environment with
objective scoring and the opportunity to extensively
experiment. Other positive factors are the low costs
per trainee, safety, continuous availability and no
pollution. To implement a simulat