Children Coping With Stress During Lockdown

International Journal of Current Research and Review
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2020.121825

Scopus’ Research Article

: Children Coping with Stress During Lockdown

Vijay Kumar’, Nishu Chawla2, Shipra Gupta’, Jigisha Aanad*
IJCRR
eat Healthcare Professor, Department of Physics, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehardun, Uttrakhand, India; *A. P., Department of Professional Com-

Sci. Journal Impact munication, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehardun, Uttrakhand, India; *Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Graphic Era Hill
Factor: 6.1 (2018)
ICV: 90.90 (2018)

Uttarakhand, India.

Copyright@IJCRR

ABSTRACT

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having an intense effect on all aspects of society, includ-
ing mental health and physical health. A major adverse consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to be increased social
isolation and loneliness which are strongly associated with anxiety and depression. Tracking loneliness and intervening early
are important priorities. Crucially, reducing sustained feelings of loneliness, and promoting belongingness are candidate mecha-
nisms to protect against self-harm and emotional problems. Social and physical distancing has abruptly interrupted many social
opportunities important to physical and psychological health.

University, Dehardun, Uttrakhand, India; ‘Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun,

Method: In this study, 2140 children of different categories (gender, age, education, region, and location) have participated. The
questionnaires depend upon the argument tendency, depressive order, adverse mental problem symptoms, behavioural health
symptoms, and anxiety disorder.

Results: It is observed that children face anxiety, depressive disorder, argument tendency and show adverse mental problem
symptoms, behavioural health symptoms, and COVID-19 related trauma and stressor-related disorder.

Conclusion: The present paper also deals with how the parents can help the children coping with stress during this COVID-19.
Key Words: Coronavirus COVID-19, Children Coping, Depressive disorder, Anxiety disorder, Argument tendency

INTRODUCTION adults throughout. Therefore notable and trusted adults, par-
ents, close relatives, teachers play a vital role in helping the

Stress is a natural emotion or a feeling of not being able to children out in understanding their needs, desires and mini-
cope with demands and circumstances. It is a destructive and mizing their anxiety and fear*.

weakening force. It is very important to manage stress or
else it can be fatal. In an inadequate and inconstant world,
such as ours, it is impossible to avoid stress. However, being
vigilant to the effects of stress may help the children manage
more effectively. Elements in our life that cause stress are
known as ‘stressors’. Stress influences one’s mental well be-
ing. Mentally healthy children are better able to meet life’s
challenges. They are also better learners and have stronger
relationships'”. Some stress can even lead to serious con-
sequences, because of long-running trouble. One should
indeed learn how to deal with the difficult times and pro-
gress, as adversities and sufferings are a part of life. Never-
theless, while that process of acquiring knowledge through
our thoughts, experiences, and senses is in progress, children
depend on sympathetic and empathetic relationships from

Literature Review

Children are more likely to be experiencing the same symp-
toms of fright, worry, impatience as experienced by adults
during this pandemic time of COVID 19. Even the research-
ers agree that sticking to a regular schedule is key, even
when you are at home all day. Parents need to tell their chil-
dren what importance of keeping some structure holds. For
example, getting up, good nutrition, proper rest, going to bed
around the same time every day is very important. These
things can help children to cope with stress. Spending qual-
ity time with children is equally essential and will serve the
purpose of understanding the children and building good and
harmonious relations with them, especially if they have had

Corresponding Author:

Dr. Shipra Gupta, Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehardun, Uttrakhand, India.
Email: drshipragupta16@gmail.com

ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print) ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
Received: 24.07.2020 Revised: 22.08.2020 Accepted: 3.09.2020 Published: 22.09.2020

Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 12+ Issue 18 + September 2020

Kumar et al.: Children coping with stress during lockdown

a stressful day. Talking with their children, knowing their is-
sues and requirements will let their children come closer to
them. The coronavirus disease has deeply affected life around
the globe. Solitary confinement, contact restrictions, and
economic shutdown impose a complete change to the psy-
chosocial environment in affected countries**. These steps
have the possibilities to intimidate the emotional instability
of kids and youngsters notability. Nonetheless, the health cri-
sis can lead to good time or chances for self-development
and emotional bonding that family members have towards
one another, drawbacks may outrank these advantages. Ap-
prehension, absence of social interaction and minimize op-
tions for stress regulation are the main concerns. “Spare time
activities have been restricted. In most countries, children
have not been permitted to use regular playgrounds”. Collec-
tive activities are restricted and sports clubs are closed.

Children at this time need extra love and affection”. So the
responsibility of parents has become more and they need to
respond to their child’s reactions in a supportive way, listen-
ing to their concerns and trying and keeping children close
to them and Family and avoid departing children and their
caretakers to the extent possible. If disconnection takes place
(e.g. medication) make sure regular contact (through phone).
Provide information about what has happened, disclose what
is going on, and give a clear picture to them as to what has
happened, and how to reduce the extent of being infected by
the disease. Children are given extra care and attention dur-
ing the challenging periods.

Children are spending their maximum time of theirs online.
School, assignments, chats and many more- even music
lessons, and other extracurricular activities are being con-
ducted online- everything has shifted online. “Staying con-
nected with children helps them to lessen the impact of this
COVID-19 which is spread worldwide and encourage them
to keep going in their lives. At the same time, it is a big chal-
lenge for parents. How can you have the best that the entire
internet has to offer while minimizing harm? It is not easy to
have an equilibrium when undergoing a health emergency
like COVID-19%!°,

There are various ways parents can help to keep their chil-
dren safe online.

Children hope to enter into an honest dialogue that looks at
the problems. It is the moral duty of parents to be supportive
and kind in knowing their children’s problems and to try to
solve them by interacting with them. Parents always need to
be very cautious if their child seems to be distressed and reti-
cent with electronic activities or if they are undergoing any
kind of harassment by sending or posting mean messages,
usually anonymously".

Parents should make use of the latest multimedia to safe-
guard them. Make it sure that your youngster is using the

updated application and the privacy settings are on. For little
children, appliances likewise content filter, as well as secure
search, can assist digital experience constructive”.

Generate chances for your youth to possess a positive and
safe digital association.

Helping kids deal with stress during lockdown is very im-
portant. However isolation, physical, and social distancing
are the new normal, it has led to enormous physical and psy-
chological pressure on the kids. Closures of schools have re-
stricted the movement of children and they are enforced to
stay at home with their adults and caretakers who are already
exhausted and fatigued. Children who are in confinement or
segregated or maybe away from adult administration may
also intensify protection risks. “Children with disorders may
suffer from stronger consequences of the in-progress wide-
spread disease. They might have severe discomfort, anguish,
or worry as they have less control over themselves than other
people. The same case is with children with physical, psy-
chological, or mental limitations. They may need extra atten-
tion, more clarifications about the prevailing circumstances,
and more sympathy and other productive reinforcement of
messages. Devote time with them, care about their needs. So
that they show their active participation in all activities!*4.
Youth bearing anxiety and pain is quite natural during in
progress pandemic like COVID-19. Being frightened about
their health and the health and the health of their dearest ones
can be massive and cause strong emotions. In today’s era
of the information age, children also acquire different kind
of information and news from various online platforms and
digital media, of which some may be genuine and some may
be unreal as well as causing stress and fright and this may
increase when they are not able to go out and spend their
leisure time with friends or attend the school where they can
interact freely. Parents and caretakers should act sensibly
when it comes to rumours and unreliable information. Par-
ents should be extra attentive in dealing with such things so
that their children do not face the consequences of it!>:!°.

It is very important for parents to be happy for only happy
parents can create a happy generation. Parents who remain
stress-free can teach their children to lead a stress-free life.
Children don’t like talking to parents who are always under
stress. Some the reasons for parents being stressed out are
that some parents always carry the burden of their past in-
cidents and make their present suffer because of which the
children are not able to communicate freely with their parents
as they (parents) devote much of their time recalling their
past and not able to communicate well with their children
and the result is seen in the formed gap between them, speak-
ing authoritatively with their children and not understanding
their point, constantly finding mistakes in their children and
shouting and demeaning them and not accepting their mis-
takes in front of the children, having high expectations from

mr 1s Sn E ipsa
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Kumar et al.: Children coping with stress during lockdown

their children without realizing that their children to have
some expectations. So parents need to introspect themselves
and know where they are lacking and what can be done for
self-improvement for building a better relationship with their
children'”!*,

Methods

COVID-19, coronavirus pandemic has been associated with
the mental health of the children. Due to the pandemic, the
children were at home. They could not go out for sports, for
attending coaching classes, for attending classes in school. It
becomes a reason for adverse mental or behavioural health
conditions, anxiety disorder, and trauma-related disorder. In
this manuscript, 2140 children are selected for this study.

Statistical Analysis

OBSERVATIONS

The selection has been done in such a way that the students
of all categories are included in this study. In this study, stu-
dents of various age groups, different schools, various class-
es, and children from hostels are selected. The children are
also selected which belong to a poor family and rich family.
This study has been done for the lockdown period i.e., from
1 to 30 April 2020. The children are also taken from different
states of India for this study. The argument tendency, depres-
sive disorder, COVID-19-related Trauma, and Stressor-relat-
ed disorder, adverse mental problem symptoms, behavioural
health symptoms, anxiety disorder have been discussed with
the children. The classification of children is done concern-
ing gender, age groups, school boards, education, region
(state or national), rural and urban.

Table 1: Respondent characteristics of outcomes of mental health, increased substance use to cope stress of

Respondents
who completed
surveys from1

Characteristics Argument

tendency

to 30 April 2020

(O)

children related to COVID-19 pandemic-India, 1 to 30 April 2020

Depressive
disorder

COVID-19
related
TSRD#

Behavioural
health symp-
toms

Adverse
mental
problem
symptoms

Anxiety
disorder

All respondents 2140 (100) 870 (41.58) 795.5 (3717) 657 (30.70) 540.5 (25.25) 648.5 (30.30) 538.5 (25.16)
Gender

Male 1013 (47.3) 910 (42.5) 978 (45-7) 729 (34.06) 591 (27.61) 832 (38.8) 690 (32.2)
Female 727 (33-9) 706 (33) 613 (28.6) 585 (27.3) 490 (22.89) 465 (21.72) 387 (18.08)
Not respondents 400 (18.6) 524 (24.48) 549 (25.65) 826 (38.59) 1059 (49.48) 843 (39.39) 1063 (49.67)
Age groups

6 to 10 years 373 (17-4) 178 (8.31) 78 (3.64) 59 (2.75) 93 (4.34) 376 (17.57) 240 (11.21)
10 to 15 years 487 (22.75) 374 (17.47) 197 (9.20) 290 (13.55) 194 (9.06) 267 (12.47) 170 (7.94)
15 to 20 years 603 (28.17) 477 (22.28) 386 (18.03) 376 (17.57) 248 (11.58) 476 (22.24) 492 (22.99)
20 to 25 years 525 (24.5) 592 (27.66) 467 (21.82) 456 (21.3) 433 (19.29) 530 (24.76) 480 (22.42)
Not respondents 152 (7.10) 519 (24.25) 1012 (47.28) 959 (44.81) 774 (36.16) 491 (22.94) 758 (35.42)
Students from different schools

State level schools 758 (3.4) 832 (38.8) 378 (17.6) 458 (21.4) 419 (19.5) 497 (23.2) 482 (22.5)
students

Central level 996 (46.54) 967 (45.1) 795 (37.1) 676 (31.58) 528 (24.6) 518 (24.2) 587 (27.4)
schools students

Not respondents 386 (18) 341 (15.9) 967 (45.18) 1006 (47) 1193 (55.74) 1125 (52.57 1071 (50)
Education

1 to 5" class stu- 167 (7.8) 132 (6.16) 56 (2.61) 89 (4.15) 67 (3.13) 290 (13.55) 294 (13.73)
dents

6" to 8 class 579 (27) 403 (18.83) 189 (8.83) 190 (8.87) 274 (12.8) 195 (9.11) 380 (17.75)
students

9" to 10" class 613 (28.6) 367 (17.14) 276 (12.89) 297 (13.87) 392 (18.31) 299 (13.97) 472 (22.05)

students

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Kumar et al.: Children coping with stress during lockdown

Table 1: (Continued)

Respondents
who completed

Characteristics Argument

tendency

surveys from1
to 30 April 2020
(O)

Depressive
disorder

Behavioural
health symp-
toms

Adverse
mental
problem
symptoms

Anxiety
disorder

n™ and 12" class 525 (24.5) 617 (28.8) 689 (32.19) 739 (34-53) 598 (27.94) 378 (17.66) 368 (17.19)
students

Not respondents 256 (11.9) 519 (24.25) 930 (43.45) 825 (38.55) 809 (37.8) 978 (45-7) 626 (29.25)
Region

Northeast 494 (23) 547 (25.56) 478 (22.33) 389 (1817) 294 (13.73) 376 (17.5) 384 (17.94)
Mideast 345 (16.12) 309 (14.43) 397 (18.55) 473 (22.10) 378 (17.66) 270 (12.6) 284 (13.27)
South 507 (23.69) 207 (9.67) 490 (22.89) 391 (18.27) 485 (22.66) 482 (22.5) 502 (23.45)
West 654 (30.14) 738 (34-48) 673 (31.44) 693 (32.38) 190 (8.87) 520 (24.29) 481 (22.47)
Not respondents 140 (6.5) 339 (15.84) 102 (4.76) 194 (9.06) 793 (37.05) 492 (22.99) 489 (22.85)
Rural-Urban classification

Rural 833 (38.9) 913 (42.6) 837 (391) 290 (13.55) 389 (18.1) 490 (22.89) 395 (18.45)
Urban 965 (45) 1045 (48.8) 943 (44) 792 (37) 278 (12.99) 582 (27.19) 581 (27.14)
Not respondents 342 (15.98) 182 (8.5) 360 (16.82) 1058 (49.43) 1473 (68.8) 1068 (49.9) 1164 (54.39)

# Trauma and Stressor related disorder

DISCUSSION

Out of 2140 children, 47.3% boys, 33.9% of girls have given
responses. In this lockdown period, people and children are
not able to move out of the house. Due to this, the behaviour
of children was changed. The behaviour and health were ob-
served during this lockdown period. Table 1 represents that
42.5% and 33% argument tendency have been increased in
boys and girls while no effect was observed in 24.48% chil-
dren in this period. The depressive disorder has been shown
by 45.7% in boys, 28.6% in girls while 25.65% shown no
such type of effect. 34.06% boys, 27.3% of girls were ob-
served COVID-19 related trauma and stressor-related disor-
der and no effect was observed in 38.59% children. During
the lockdown, children were facing a mental pressure of this
pandemic. Adverse mental problem was shown by 27.17%
boys, 22.89% girls, and no effect was shown by 49.48% of
children. Behavioural health symptoms were found in 38.8%
boys, 21.72% girls and no symptoms were found in 39.39%
children. 32.2% boys and 18.08% of girls were observed by
an anxiety disorder and 49.67% were observed no effect.

Different types of symptoms are observed during this period.
Behavioural health symptoms were shown by 17.57% chil-
dren and COVID-19 related TSRD shown by only 2.75 %
children (6 to 10 years). When a survey was done on stu-
dents aged between 10 to 15 years, it was found that 7.94%
children were suffering a problem of anxiety disorder and
17.47% of children were increased the tendency of argu-
ment. In 15 to 20 years children, adverse mental problem
symptoms were found in 11.58% and anxiety disorder was
found in 22.99% of children. 19.29% and 24.76% of chil-

dren (20 to 25 years age group) were suffering the problem
of adverse mental symptoms and behavioural health prob-
lems, respectively. Children were also divided into another
category i.e., education system. In this system, one category
was taken in which students were selected from the State
(Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, M. P., Punjab, Haryana) Board,
etc. and the second category was selected from the national
board (CBSE, ISC, etc.). It was observed that in state-level
students, 17.6% were facing and 23.2% were facing Behav-
ioral health symptoms. In National board students, 24.2%
were facing Behavioral health symptoms and 37.1% were
facing the problem of depressive disorder. As per the analy-
sis done on the students of various classes, the students from
1“ to 10" class standard were suffering the same problem.
The anxiety disorder problem was suffered by the maximum
students and the dispersive disorder problem was faced by
some percentage of students.

The children from the north-east, mid-east, south, and west
were also selected for this study. The children of all sides
were also facing the above-mentioned problem. It was ob-
served that 13.73% of children were found adverse mental
health symptoms and 25.56% of children were facing the
problem of argument tendency from the north-east side.
12.6% and 22.1% of children of the mid-east side were fac-
ing Behavioral health symptoms and COVID-19 related
TSRD problems, respectively. In the south side, 9.67% of
children have started argument tendency and in 23.45% of
children were found anxiety disorder. In 8.87% of children
were found suffering from adverse mental problem symp-
toms and in 34.48% of children, the argument tendencies
were increased in the south side. Table 2 shows that (17.9%-

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Kumar et al.: Children coping with stress during lockdown

25.6%) children accepted that they knew COVID-19 was
responsible to increase argument tendency, depressive disor-
der, TSRD, adverse mental problem symptoms, behavioural
health symptoms, and anxiety disorder. (19.9%-27.3%)
children did not accept that COVID-19 was responsible for
the above-given problems. (26.3%-31.1%) children knew
that prehistory heart patients may become severe during
this pandemic. (19.5%-33.2%) children were not aware of
that. The pandemic may create trouble for prehistory lung
patients. (29.3%-37.2%) children were accepted for that and
(28.9%-38.4%) were not known about this. (32.5%-41.2%)
children agreed that coronavirus may become harmful for
diabetic patients and (37.4%-48.31%) children did not agree

with this assumption. (16.3%-42.3%) children accepted that
the pandemic period may be harmful to high blood pressure
patient while (29.5%-38.2%) children did not agree for that.
(20.7%-29.4%) children have given their consent that kid-
ney patients may be in danger while (14.4%-38.5%) did not
agree with this assumption. The people who were affected
by the diseases of the abdomen may be in trouble in the pan-
demic. (14.1%-31.8%) children were accepted for that while
(25.2%-49.3%) were not agreed on that. (15.2%-29.4%)
children were assumed that pandemic will produce mental
pressure to the people while (26.3%-38.5%) were not satis-
fied with this assumption.

Table 2: Respondent characteristics of outcomes of mental health, increased substance use to cope stress of

children related to COVID-19 pandemic-India, 1 to 30 April 2020

Characteristics Respondents who Argument Depressive TSRD Adverse Behavioural Anxiety

completed surveys tendency disorder mental health symp- disorder

from 1 to 30 April 2020 problem toms
eZ) symptoms

Someone who knew about the symptoms of COVID-19
Yes 486 (22.7) 548 (25.6) 466 (21.8) 383 (17-9) 437 (20.4) 419 (19.6) 494 (23.1)
No 1654 (77.3) 462 (21.6) 584 (27.3) 554 (25.9) 426 (19.9) 477 (22.3) 531 (24.8)
Undertreatment for previously diagnosed problems (Heart)
Yes 644 (30.1) 631 (29.5) 614 (28.7) 666 (311) 584 (27.3) 563 (26.3) 576 (26.9)
No 584 (27.3) 417 (19.5) 484 (22.6) 627 (29.3) 710 (33.2) 687 (32.1) 623 (29.1)
Undertreatment for previously diagnosed problems (Lungs)
Yes 747 (34-9) 670 (31.3) 740 (34.6) 627 (29.3) 755 (35-3) 785 (36.7) 796 (37.2)
No 426 (19.9) 708 (33.1) 822 (38.4) 805 (37.6) 725 (33.9) 668 (31.2) 618 (28.9)
Undertreatment for previously diagnosed problems (Sugar)
Yes 839 (39.2) 826 (38.6) 882 (41.2) 798 (37-3) 777 (36.3) 858 (40.1) 695 (32.5)
No 758 (35.4) 415 (19.4) 1012 (47.3) 969 (45.3) 948 (44.3) 801 (37.4) 1034 (48.31)
Undertreatment for previously diagnosed problems (High Blood Pressure)
Yes 884 (41.3) 905 (42.3) 865 (40.4) 805 (37.6) 629 (29.4) 349 (16.3) 826 (38.6)
No 537 (25.1) 629 (29.4) 674 (31.5) 732 (34.2) 817 (38.2) 758 (35-4) 631 (29.5)
Undertreatment for previously diagnosed problems (kidney)
Yes 862 (40.3) 989 (46.2) 629 (29.4) 586 (27.4) 608 (28.4) 554 (25.9) 443 (20.7)
No 672 (31.4) 1226 (57.3) 653 (30.5) 824 (38.5) 370 (17.3) 308 (14.4) 681 (31.8)
Undertreatment for previously diagnosed problems (abdomen)
Yes 839 (39.2) 1226 (57.3) 653 (30.5) 349 (16.3) 845 (39.5) 302 (14.1) 681 (31.8)
No 434 (20.3) 1464 (68.4) 1055 (49.3) 586 (27.4) 862 (40.3) 539 (25.2) 918 (42.9)
Undertreatment for previously diagnosed problems (Mental Stress)
Yes 601 (28.1) 989 (46.2) 629 (29.4) 582 (27.2) 437 (20.4) 325 (15.2) 490 (22.9)
No 839 (39.2) 798 (37.3) 824 (38.5) 820 (38.3) 674 (31.5) 563 (26.3) 708 (33.1)

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Kumar et al.: Children coping with stress during lockdown

CONCLUSION

In this study of 2140 children, we found that pandemic had
produced many severe problems in the whole world. The
lockdown period due to the pandemic produced many types
of different problems. The children, who moved here and
there, have become prisoners in their homes. It produced
many types of biological and mental problems in children.
In this manuscript, it is observed that in children’s argu-
ment tendency was increased. The other problems which the
parents were feeling are anxiety disorder, depressive disor-
der, adverse mental problem symptoms, behavioural health
symptoms, and COVID-19 related Trauma and Stressor re-
lated disorder. The COVID-19 pandemic is potentially cata-
strophic for many children around the world. Its impact risks
unravelling global progress across several of the Sustainable
Development Goals for children, putting already ambitious
targets out of sight. Put simply, we cannot afford to let this
happen. It is suggested to the people that in this type of sce-
nario, the children feel mental pressure so the parents should
be interactive with their kids.

Acknowledgement: Authors of this manuscript are grateful
to the management of Graphic Era Hill University Dehra-
dun who provides us with all necessary facility for this study
and also grateful to all the children and their parents who
are seriously involved in this study. Authors are grateful to
the researchers whose article are cited and references in this
manuscript. The authors are also grateful to the editors of this
journal for providing necessary guidelines for publication of
this study.

Conflict of interest: None

Financial support: None

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