American Architect and Architecture 1937-10: Vol 151 Iss 2662

1 es)!

XUM

SECTION EDITED
BY FEDERAL
ARCHITECTS

OCTOBER

93!

A few recently-built houses... all with

Anaconda Economy Copper Roofing

ROVIDING all of copper’s traditional

charm and dignity, Anaconda Economy Cop-
per Roofing is offered especially for residential
use. Lighter weight (10 oz. metal) reduces cost.
Narrower sheets (13%4/’ between seams) are
more in keeping with small roof areas, and pro-
vide approximately the same rigidity and wind
resistance as wider sheets of heavier metal.
Experienced shéet metal contractors everywhere
can apply Anaconda Economy Copper

7 . AnaconnA
Roofing. See our catalogue in Sweet's. “= Fret
8 8 37221 =

~e=-

ay a — ae THE AMERICAN BRASS COMPANY
1936 Good Housekeeping House in Wychwood, Westfield, N. J. General Offices: Waterbury, Conn. Offices and Agencies in Principal Citie
Architect: Dwight James Baum, Riverdale-on-Hudson, a In Canada: ANACONDA AMERICAN BRASS LTD., New Toronto, Ontario

“Character Home’’ was built by Hutzler & Carr, Inc., in Richmond, Built in Marblehead, Mass., and designed by Donald C. Goss,
Va. Architect: Edward F. Sinnott, Richmond, Va. Architect, Boston, Mass. Copper was used extensively throughout.

Here copper graces a really ‘small house,”’ built as a Model F.H. A. This home with Anaconda Copper roof is in Newton Highlands,
home by Andrew H. Larsen at Waterbury, Conn. Mass. Built by Davis & Vaughan, Boston, Mass.

XUM

in their homes...

Air is cleansed, tempered (kept at Economical steel boiler radiator

even temperature), humidified and heat is supplied to such rooms as
circulated in such rooms as living bath, kitchen and garage, where
room, dining room, bedrooms, etc. air conditioning is not desired.

@ HOT WATER! 4

i oe
wi \% Pa —
—_ y
iy ra LS a
am en
“— “ ~~,
, = eneot
La — a “f=
The compact attractive unit, with Abundant clean hot waiter is sup-
burner or stoker enclosed behind plied summer and winter—at re-
easily removed panels, makes the markably low cost. No tank or
extra basement room practicable other outside accessory is required.
even in the small home. The larg- Hot water flows from the Fitz-
est model occupies only 4’ 6” by gibbons TANKSAVER, a _ copper
2’ 5” of floor space. coil submerged inside the boiler.

Probably no other single piece of equipment in the
modern home provides so many services essential to
the comfort and well-being of the owner and his family.
The Fitzgibbons Boiler-Airconditioner meets every con-
dition, supplying the desired proportion of conditioned
air and radiator heat, and year-round domestic hot water
as required. This flexibility is appreciated alike by archi-
tects, builders, heating contractors and homeowners.

With all this, the operating economy of approved
copper-steel boiler design, in types for any modern fuel
and method of automatic firing .. . the beauty to grace
any basement extra room .. . and the assurance of com-
plete all-round satisfaction.

Write for the catalog and full specifications.

Fitzgibbons Boiler Company, inc.

General Offices:
ARCHITECTS BLDG., 101 PARK AVE., NEW YORK, N. Y.
Works: OSWEGO, N. Y.
Branches and Representatives in Principal Cities
Distributed in Canada by
Fess Oil Burners of Canada, Ltd., Toronto and Montreal

AIR-CONDITIONING

Provide them — with

FITZGIBBONS

“Split-system”’

The FITZGIBBONS
BOILER -AIRCONDITIONER

Made in types for oil burner, gas burner,
stoker. In most cases the firing unit is

mounted in-
side the jacket,
behind easily
removable
panels — con-
cealed yei
readily acces-
sible.

American Architect and Architecture, published monthly by Hearst

. under the act of March 3rd, 1879.

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER

Magazines
$3.00 per year; Canada, $4.00; "Foreign, $5.00. Entered as second class matter

Issue
1937

2662,

Inc., 572 Madison Avenue. New
April 5th, 1926,
dated October,

at the Post Offic
1937.

York, N

e at New ¥

\

rk,

| Koya wKoselothtele me Motues—
VOLUMES of WATER
Specify

YERS WROUGHT IRON

@ When it comes to handling large
volumes of water, in swimming pools,
filtration plants, sewage treatment
and in air conditioning, you are sure to
face the corrosion problem.

Because wrought iron has given
years of long life and economy under
these conditions, that is why you
should give it careful consideration
before writing the specifications.

In the North Park Swimming Pool
and Bathhouse at Pittsburgh, recently
constructed under J. L. Laboon, Direc-
tor of Public Works, the application of
Byers Wrought Iron will suggest many

specific uses for this corrosion-resist-
ing material.

Byers Wrought Iron Pipe was used
for all raw water supply lines, return
lines from pool, scum gutter lines,
recirculation lines, suction lines, waste
lines, vents and leaders in bathhouse.
Also all railings and stairway to obser-
vation platform were made of Byers
Wrought Iron pipe, plates and bars.

Wherever
corrosion is a
problem be
sure you re-
view wrought

Specify Byers Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe for corrosive
services and Byers Steel Pipe for your other requirements

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

BYERS

GENUINE’
WROUGHT IRON

Tubular and Flat Rolled Products

iron‘s record before specifying the ma-
terial. If there is any question about
corrosive conditions let us work with
you in making a corrosion study. Com-
plete information and engineering as-
sistance are readily available through
our nearest Division Office or from our
Engineering Service Department in
Pittsburgh. A. M. Byers Co. Estab. 1864.
Pittsburgh, Boston, New York, Philadel-
phia, Washing-
ton, Chicago,
St. Louis, Hous-
ton, Seattle,
San Francisco.

OCTOBER 1937

~ XUM

AMERICAN

ARCHITECT

AND ARCHITECTURE

CONTENTS COVER. Cupola of the old church (1806) at Benn Vt. Ast B
’ From a photograph by Frank J. R
OCTOBER 1937
TRENDS ........ 8
FEDERAL ARCHITECTS AT EASE 19
| ee 25
KennetH Kincstey Stowe, A.LA. WE VIEW WITH ALARM. Federa! arch ts from c e
ditor . 2%
megazine Sees ees ee
Henry H. Saytor, A.A.
Associate Editor ARCHITECTURAL OVERTONES. New England Chu h Sar
WALTER SANDERS Chamberlain 43
Associate Editor
i iti CIBA PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS BUILDING, Summit, N F
Managing Editor architect; Briggs & Stelling, landscape chitects 51
y Rocer WADE SHERMAN a
Technical Editor OFFICES FOR A FOUNDATION, New York, N. Y. C.C
ie 57
Tyter STEWART ROGERS es
Director of Technical Service
CAFE, CHAMPAIGN, ILL. William A. Gans arch t; A F n
R. F. GarpNer ' 5 61
General Manager James D. Hogan, color
T. W. Tower a =
Advertising Manager THE DIARY. Henry Say 65
ames A. RIcE THE PORTFOLIO. Entrance Doorway Steps 67
Western Manager
: en : FAVORITE FEATURES. Simple Mantels 79
VC CLI NO. 2662
HOUSE OF DR. F. F. HARRISON, Cooperstown, N. Y. G R
AMERICAN ARCHITECT (Trade-Mark vn a, Coe | associate 83
Reg. U S Patent Office), with which is com- ve 3 o VERT s Ole g990 ’
bined ARCHITECTURE (Reg U S. Patent 87
Office). Published monthly by Hearst Maga- x ~_» ammre n F .
zines Inc., 572 Madison Avenue, New JOHN RUSSELL POPE, 1874-1937. A oe
York Other Offices 919 N. Michigan Ave- =
Y nue, Chicago, General Motors Bldg., Detroit , RECENT EXAMPLES OF BRICK BUILDINGS: Tubercu Hospital. R WwW. V
132 Newbury Street, Boston. William Ran- 7 js ne etd ae P
dolph Hearst, President, Richard E Berlin, Frede Faris, architec High Schoc Fruita, Colo H. Buell & C Mer
Executive Vice President, John Randolph > Cc - 1 Pp go eH C+ Mas
Hearst, Vice President, Earle H McHugh, Auditorium, Sterling, Co T. H. Buell & Co., arch S las
Vice President, R F Gardner, Vice Presi- ~ = Raa teas Bat nce Glenvie Wh Apart-
dent, T W Towler, Vice President; W R. Un G. Loring, arc e e1sde e, Ole e v i.
Peters, Treasurer, Arthur S. Moore, Secre- aa nee: a tos iaciieam gochtiawnt ao
tary Copyright, 1937, by Hearst Magazines - B = N. Y., B s W. ° mar
Inc. Single copies, $1.00. Subscription:
United States and Possessions, $3.00 per r : Brick Masonry |1—Workman 17 na
year, Canada, $4.00, Foreign, $5.00 En- TIME-SAVER STANDARDS ai
tered as second class matter, April 5, 1926, Foundations: 3—Reintorced Brick Masonry 92
at Post Office, New York, under Act of
March 3, 1879 American Architect and
Architecture is protected by copyright and BOOKS e TECHNICAL DIGEST . TECHNIQUES e OBITUARIES
nothing that appears in it may be sreproduced
either wholly or in partewithout OF THE OFFICES
special permission.
.

The Honorable Otha D. Wearin, friend of the architects in
Congress, pleads for competitions in public works . . . Talbot
F. Hamlin inspects the Paris Exposition and reports upon it
in detail
of the new Housing Aci .

. Veteran housers comment on the possibilities
. . Architectural Overtones, Impor-

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 19

~XUM

tant Historical Monuments of Peiping, China . . . The Portfolio,

Entrance Doorway Sidelights Favorite Features, Garage

Doors .. . Unit Planning, IX and the Time-Savers Standards will

over the subject of Hotel Bedrooms Six houses, a
florist shop, factory, warehouse and several municipal buildings.
37 3

HE paint and glass products
manufactured by the Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Company are quality
products. This Company has been
a leader in glass and paint manu-
facture for more than five decades,
and this pioneering leadership is
reflected in the quality of Pitts-
burgh Paints and Pittsburgh
Glass. You may specify them with
the assurance that they will be
worthy of your finest creations.

A complete line of Pittsburgh Prod-
ucts of the following types is available
through our7 4branches in leading cities:

PITTSBURGH GLASS
PRODUCTS

Polished Plate Glass

Pennvernon Window Glass

Carrara Structural Glass
Ornamental Glass
Pittsburgh Mirrors

PITTSBURGH PAINTS

Sun-Proof Paint
Wallhide Paint

Waterspar Enamel

THE FIFTH

IN A SERIES OF INTERESTING WINDOW TREATMENTS

Architect . . . Aymar Embury, Il SS

=

Waterspar Varnish
Florhide Enamel

PITTCO STORE FRONT METAL

Windows glazed with Pennvernon
Window Glass are better windows, |
because Pennvernon is unusually
transparent, free from flaws, brilliant
of finish and reflective. In addition,
Pennvernon’s beauty lasts longer
. .. because of its dense, abrasion-
resistant surface structure.

See Sweet's for complete specifications,
and for addresses of Pittsburgh Plate
Glass Company branches.

o, PITTSBURGH, 72
Pao PLATE GLASS COMPANY Globe.

4 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

get by with cheaper
acoustical materials?

..- Couldn’t we

HIS architect is rendering his

client an invaluable service. He
has taken a definite point of view on
acoustical materials .. . and made a
recommendation based on actual
experience.

Experience in the durability of
Johns-Manville Sound-Control Ma-
terials. Knowledge of the fact that
these materials retain their high rate
of sound absorption throughout
their entire long life . . . and are,
therefore, a truly economical in-

JM

Boouc Ts

Johns-Manville

No, that’s false economy. They won’t be perman-
ently effective ...and they’ll cost you more in
replacement and maintenance than your orig-

inal investment in J-M Sound-Control Materials!

vestment from every standpoint.

And like all architects who have
used our engineering service, he
knows its value in helping to co-ordi-
nate the sound-control work with
his basic design . . . and in assuring
the proper application of the quiet-
ing treatment. Two factors as im-
portant in securing effective, eco-
nomical sound control as are the
materials themselves.

Architects who follow his example
in specifying J-M Sound-Control

Materials are looking beyond today.
Are providing for that future time
when the permanent efficiency and

lasting economy of these materials
will constantly remind their clients
of a service rendered well... and to
their mutual benefit.

For the latest dataon Johns-Manville
Acoustical Materials and for full de-
tails on our engineering consultation
service, write to Johns-Manville,
22 East 40th Street, New York City.

Sound-Control Materials and
Acoustical-Engineering Service

ACTUALLY IT COSTS NO MORE TO USE THE BEST ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

5

ey

FOR SCHOOLS, HOSPITAL

2%

dl
S AND

APARTMENT BUILDINGS

these new,
patented

WINDOWS

have many important features

MAXIMUM VISIBILITY © WEATHERTIGHT e
RUSTPROOF—NO PAINTING) e

For both health and comfort, efficient control of air
and temperature is essential —in schools, hospitals
and public buildings. Permatite Windows — in
bronze or aluminum—offer an important contribu-

tion to the solution of these problems.

Permatite Windows are weathertight. Their new,
patented, metal weatherstripping forms an efficient

seal—no air, rain or dust can enter. Exhaustive engi-

REVOLVING DOORS :

WINDOWS

GENERAL BRONZE CORPORATION

34-19 Tenth Street

TABLETS

STURDY
RATTLEPROOF

neering tests indicate—for both casement and
double hung—an unprecedented resistance to air
infiltration. This feature makes them ideal for air-
conditioned buildings. In winter these windows

assure a considerable saving in fuel costs.

The high quality of workmanship and materials,
and excellence of design, make Permatite Windows

suitable for all types of public buildings; they will

* ARCHITECTURAL METAL WORK

Long Island City, N.Y.

6 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

@ Sweet's 1937 Catalog File
contains 36 pages of details, speci-
fications and results of laboratory
infiltration tests. We invite you to con-
sult Sweet's or write us for a catalog.

harmonize with any architectural treatment. They
cost less than half as much as former windows of
similar quality and much less efficiency.

Permatite Windows are sturdily built to withstand
time, weather and hard usage. They are rattleproof;
free from warping, sticking and rusting; easy to
operate. No painting is necessary—the maintenance

cost is negligible. *

Before you plan your next building, we invite you
to consult Sweet's or to write us for a fully illustrated

catalog giving complete construction details and

5 pect fications.

PERMATITE
wINDOW S

Bronze or Aluminum + Casement or Double Hung

WINDOWS += REVOLVING DOORS = TABLETS - ARCHITECTURAL METAL WORK

GENERAL BRONZE CORPORATION

34-19 Tenth Street . , Long Island City, N.Y.

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 7

NEWS e EVENTS e FACTS e FACES T R E N D S IDEAS e OPINIONS e COMMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING PERMIT VALUES DURING AU-
GUST, for the first time since May,
reached a total slightly higher than that
reported for the same month last year.
According to Dun & Bradstreet’s statis-
tics covering 215 cities, the aggregate
value of August building permits in these
centers was $87,545,062, while in August,
1936, the total was $83,109,753. This
year’s increase amounts to 5.3%; how-
ever, August figures compared with those
for the preceding month of July show a
drop of 4.1% as against a usually ex-
pected gain of about 1%. Excluding New
York City from the totals, the rest of the
country registered a rise of 4.7%. For
the year to date, value of building permits
throughout the nation stands 19.1% ahead
of 1936.

THAT MILITANT JOURNAL, NEWS & OPIN-
1ON— published by New York’s Building
Trade Employers
its recent warning to prospective builders

Association—repeats

that there is no chance for lessened build-
ing costs within the next eighteen months,
and that if any construction is contem-
plated it might as well be done now. La-
bor prices are now governed in most cases
by signed wages and hours agreements,
and, according to NV & O, there is little
chance that anything will happen to bring
about a reduction. The new Wagner
Housing bill, it is stated, acts to prevent
any such labor cost drop through its pre-
vailing wage clause. It would take a very

© UNIVERSAL PRESS PHOTO AGENCY, ITALY

large decline in material expenses to off-
set increased labor costs, says N & O,
and such a decline is not anticipated.

LITTLE COMFORT TO HOLDERS OF AN
OPPOSITE VIEWPOINT is to be found in
the American Federation of Labor’s Sep-
tember Survey of Business. This bulletin
takes the premise, which may seem sort
of cart-before-horse-like to some, that any
worker whose pay envelope this fall does
not bring him 5% more than last fall
will be forced to adopt a lower standard
of living. Furthermore; workers whose
pay envelope is not more than 5% above
last year, although the same living stan-
dard can be preserved, will fall behind
the “March of Progress.” And ending
on an altruistic note, the bulletin ob-
“Organized labor will do indus-
try a service by seeing to it that wages
continue to advance substantially this fall.
Equitable sharing by labor in the increas-
ing wealth produced per worker is the
way to avoid speculation and inflation and
build our business progress on a sure
foundation.”

serves ;

REFLECTING THE IMPORTANCE OF CON-
STRUCTION to the national well-being,
some interesting statistics have just been
released by the Chamber of Commerce
of the United States. Among the facts
which catch our eye are these: From a
peak of $11,060,000,000 in 1928 the vol-
ume of construction decreased to a low
of $3,002,000,000 in 1933. It increased to
$6,784,000,000 in 1936.

Private residential construction ac-
counted for 39.2% of the total construc-
tion outlay in 1923 and only 18.4% in
1936.

“Overcrowding” of dwellings is much
less in the United States than in many
foreign countries, the percentage of such
over-crowded dwellings ranging from 3°,
in England to 1.4% in 64 American
cities.

During the present decade the aver-
age annual increase in the number of
families will 475,000 to
500,000.

The average annual number of family
dwelling units upon which construction
was started was 677,000 in the decade
1920-29 and only 165,000 in the seven
years 1930-36.

The total number of dwelling units
built or under construction by the fed-
eral government to date is only 27,161.

The greatest lag has been in the con-
struction of low cost housing.

The number of firms engaged in con-
tract construction decreased from 135,057
in 1929 to 75,047 in 1935.

Regular construction employment
reached a peak of 2,888,000 in 1928 and
declined to 629,000 in 1934, recovering
to 1,210,000 at the 1936 peak.

Savings and loan associations hold
23.1% and private individuals 21.4% of
the $17,740,000,000 of home mortgages
outstanding.

approximate

WHAT THIS COUNTRY NEEDS, holds a

writer in the New York Herald Tribune,

Italy has been holding her Fourth International Exhibition of Cinema at the Lido of Venice,
for which this Palace of the Exhibition was built from the designs of Luigi Quagliata

8 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

ps

XUM

S phecity Welding

_ for leakproof piping systems

RCHITECTS and designers can provide
A a permanently leakproof piping system
for their clients by specifying that all pipe
lengths be joined by oxy-acetylene welding. A
welded system has welds instead of joints—

and every properly welded joint is as de-

pendable, strong, tough, ductile and corrosion-

resistant as the pipe itself. The welded system

minimizes expensive leaks and servicing.

Furthermore, this method of construction sim-
plifies every step in the installation of pipe
from the drawings to the insulating of the
completed line.

Linde engineers are skilled in designing and
constructing oxy-acetylene welded pipe in-

stallations. Their wide experience and coop-

eration are available to assist you. Write for

complete information and ask how you may

PIPE SECTIONS JOINED BY WELD obtain the 200-page book, ‘Design of Welded
ING can fit into the same space as re > . - a

the pipe itself because the welds, Piping.” The Linde Air Products Company,
“W,” become part of the pipe. Oxy-
acetylene welding makes the pip-
ing system an integral, permanent tion, New York and principal cities.
unit, smooth inside and outside.

Unit of Union Carbide and Carbon Corpora-

Visit the Linde Exhibit
»Y Booth H52
National Metal Show
Atlantic Citv. N. J.
October 18-22, 1937

Everything for Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting

}PR T ‘ wT i
wc dliaietigpes osipiplagiinien sili ‘ a 3 ~ = ereemaaiinn —
LINDE OXYGEN ¢ PREST-O-LITE ACETYLENE « OXWELD APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES FROM 4 UNION CARBIDE
edie es lente acmatineaies reel i oat sii a na 4 es teat

WiON CARBIDE AND
ARBON CORPORATION

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 9

XUM

a

~ OR SOE ap Ya ey

New Jersey approach to the
Midtown Hudson Tunnel now

air nn J
IN ij:
being constructed by the Port y

of New York Authority. if

‘7

MAN’S NEWEST UNDER-RIVER ACHIEVEMENT

stavtid witte a

A THIRD great. link brings New York and its neighbor-
ing communities minutes closer! Soon the Midtown INTERESTING DATA

Tunnel (to be renamed the Lincoln Tunnel) will help the Length of first (south)
downtown Holland Tunnel and the uptown George Wash- tube ........... 8,215 feet
ington Bridge in the gigantic task of carrying the ever- Diameter of shell .... 31 feet
: : Number of vehicles per
increasing traffic between New York and New Jersey. coo cher. eens
First came ideas, then rough sketches, finaily finished Cost of complete proj-
drawings—all along the line pencils played an important OW on sesenees $74,800,000

part. And, interestingly enough—Venus Pencils—will be-
come now one of the beneficiaries of this new conve-
nience. For the tunnel will mean even speedier shipments
of these famous pencils from Hoboken to New York.

We are proud that in New York and throughout the
world, in offices and drafting rooms where such outstand-
ing achievements are taking place, Venus Drawing Pencils
are sure to be found. It's good testimony to the fact
that they are the world's finest!

Venus Drawing Pencils come in 17 shades of black. The
Colloidal Process* and other scientific methods assure you
that each is graded with unvarying accuracy—that each
is perfectly smooth.

PENCILS

10°

AMERICAN PENCIL COMPANY ee Hoboken, New Jersey

Also made in Canada by Venus Pencil Company, Ltd., Toronto

*U. S. Pat. No. 1,738,888. e

10 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

The Delco Conditionair
Modernizes Home Heating!

Today, the American family wants the healthful benefits of Winter Air Conditioning

Thousands of homes now equipped with this
Proved Type of Winter Air Conditioning

N' )W the old-fashioned heat-
ing system, with its parched
stale air, gives way to /ealthful
Winter Air Conditioning. The
new Delco Conditionair warms
and moistens the air. It filters out
germ carrying dust and pollens. It
gives positive air circulation and
even room temperatures.

The new Delco Conditionair
brings true winter air condition-

The new Delco Conditionair heats, humidities,
filters and circulates air, at an initial cost no
greater than some types of Automatic Heating
alone. When installed with properly sized ducts
and high wall registers it provides the cheapest
way to add summer cooling and dehumidifying
now or at a later date.

Fired by oil or gas

ing to homes costing as little as
$5000. It is not a makeshift
assembly of fan, spray and fur-
nace. The Delco Conditionair is
a thoroughly engineered unit —
pioneered, built and backed by
General Motors. Exclusive con-
struction features greatly increase
economy in operation. And the
initial cost is actually less than
some types of automatic radiator

heating systems.

© ee
The Delco Conditionair is only
one of the many heating and air
conditioning products of Delco-
Frigidaire, the air conditioning
division of General Motors...
Consult Sweet’s Catalogue. Or
write for more information. Our
Consultation service is designed to
save architects time and trouble.

Lt Vteys lo lal lo

~ Detco-FRIGIDAIRE

The Air Conditioning Division of General Motors
AUTOMATIC HEATING ¢« COOLING * CONDITIONING OF AIR

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER

1937 11

NEWS e EVENTS e FACTS e FACES T R E N D S IDEAS e OPINIONS e COMMENTS

is a “Titular Czar” in the building field
. .,. a dictator to coordinate the many
divisions of the industry. The case ot
the Allied Armies is cited—how until
Foch assumed supreme command, troops
of different nations were working at cross
purposes and facing defeat. The construc-
tion industry, like an army, requires a
correlating brain at the top, avers this
writer. If we had such a guiding genius
now, he says, runaway prices would be
curbed, over-eager labor held in check
until recovery becomes more staunchly
established

Well, maybe so . . . but who’s to be
Czar? Any nominations ?

A WAY TO HELP AVOID BUILDING DIS-
ASTERS such as the one which recently
occurred on Staten Island, N. Y., was
proposed recently by Hobart B. Upjohn,
Fellow of the A. I. A. and past president
of the New York Chapter. In brief, Mr.
Upjohn’s plan envisions creation of a
new compulsory inspection service to
certify compliance with the Building
Code before occupancy of a structure is
permitted. Says Mr. Upjohn:

“It is deplorable that lives must be
sacrificed to demonstrate the existence of
buildings of cheap and poor construction,
yet a lethargic public does not seem to
realize that the very building in which
they live may be just as unsafe.

“The Staten Island houses which col-
lapsed during a severe rainstorm were
constructed by altering an old factory. It
makes little difference whether the build-
ing be a new structure or an alteration;
the necessity for careful supervision of
all structures to insure their erection in
accordance with the Building Code is of
paramount importance.

“Tt is unreasonable to expect the Build-
ing Department inspectors, of whom there
are a scant number, to be able to vouch
for the full performance according to law,
nor is it reasonable to expect that the
public should bear the expense of em-

PHOTO: ACME

The turbine pits in the west power-
house section of Grand Coulee
Dam, Columbia River, Washington

ploying sufficient inspectors to make sure
of a reasonable compliance with the law.
“Even continuous inspection is not suf-
ficient to guarantee 100% compliance if
those in charge are bent upon skimping
on the materials used in the building.
“Strict honesty in complying with the
law is unquestionably the best solution,
but this trait is not popular in a com-
petitive market. As a result, therefore,
we must resort to compulsory supervision
by competently trained men, whose duty
and responsibility it should be to see that
the law is strictly adhered to. Such in-
spectors should have passed the exam-

ination of the State Board of Regents.”

Even if—for reasons of civic economy
—Mr. Upjohn’s excellent plan were re-
stricted to only those structures built
without architectural supervision, the
public would receive substantially more
protection than is now afforded.

ARCHITECTURE NEEDS MORE PUBLICITY
ot the kind given in “Paying Plans,” an
article by Burton Ashford Bugbee ap-
pearing in the September 18th issue of
Collier’s. We have often wondered at
architecture’s apparent indifference to the
way it is presented to the public . . . why
more of an attempt is not made to ham-
mer into the country’s consciousness a
conception of architecture’s part in the
scheme of things.

Public Relations is a vital subject to
corporations, industrial and many pro-
fessional associations. Millions are spent
yearly to acquaint Americans with the
beneficent services of the telephone com-
panies, the aluminum industry, the rail-
roads, and so forth.

Professional associations such as the
American Medical Association and
American Dental Association are con-
stantly on the alert to see that the coun-
try is not misinformed concerning the
function of doctor and dentist. Yet we
are not aware of any concerted attempt
on the part of architecture to see that
the public is given a true picture of its
value and service.

At any rate, Mr. Bugbee’s article in
Collier’s is the sort of thing we like to
see. Throughout he stresses the im-
portance of architectural supervision in
home construction.

“Your first great economy is a good
architect. Far from being the luxury you
may have imagined, he will save you his
fee many times over before he is through.
He is trained to devise a more workable,
economical plan than either you or a
builder could do, as any good builder will
be the first to tell you. He will super-
intend construction to make sure you get
the workmanship and materials specified.
He has a passion for sound construction
and an eve for good design that will be

money in your pocket later on in the wa
of low upkeep cost and easy salability.”

HOUSING

THE FIRST PWA SLUM CLEARANCE = and
low-rent housing project—Techwood
Homes in Atlanta—has just completed
its first year of existence. In a recent re-
port to Secretary Harold Ickes, Admin-
istrator Howard A. Gray gives an ac-
counting of the project’s progress.

At the present time, this development
has 604 families occupying its 604 dwell-
ings and there is a substantial waiting
list of applicants for accommodations.
During this first year, $159,161 was col-
lected in rentals, and rent arrears amount
to only $244.36 or .00154 per cent of the
total income. Incomes of families in
Techwood average $22.11 per week; (to
obtain admittance, earnings must be less
than five times the amount of rent).
Tenants pay $5.52 monthly rent per room
and the average size of each family is
3.24 persons.

Since its beginning the project has at-
tracted hundreds of visitors. In marked
contrast to the squalid areas it replaced,
all buildings are fully fireproof and each
dwelling is equipped with electric light-
ing, mechanical refrigeration and elec-
tric ranges. Heat, light, power for light-
ing, cooking and refrigeration and con-
stant hot and cold water are supplied to
tenants for a small monthly service charge
which is added to the rent. Buildings are
surrounded by lawns, gardens, recrea-
tional areas and walks.

The Techwood development was fol-
lowed by University Homes, a_ second
project in Atlanta. Other PWA _ slum
clearance and low-rent housing projects
have been opened in Montgomery, Ala-
bama; Cleveland, Ohio; Miami and Jack-
sonville, Florida; Atlantic City, N. J.;
Columbia and Charleston, S. C.; Okla-
homa City, Oklahoma; and Stamford,
Conn. Rents have been set for nineteen
projects, including those above.

PHOTO: WIDE WORLD PHOTOS, INC.

This is the sort of luminaire which will
light the Golden Gate Bridge—a sodium
vapor lamp of ten thousand lumens

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

NOS ATR

Yeoh RTA Teme Ma REE Ek

XUM

BE Mimmaesns

PI

From basement to top floor

CORK INSULATION

helps air condition this
modern store

nf ff fe 4
CS ee ee ee ee ee ee es

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oe ee ee eo oe ee ed

|
———

Apove—Twelve story building of People’s Outfitting Com
pany, Detroit. Architect for modernization, Albert Kahn, Inc.

At Lert—(Cork-covered lines in the compressor room of the
People’s Outfitting Company's Store in Detroit. Lines shown
were canvas covered but not yet painted when photographed

BeLow—Are shown corkboard-insulated ducts which carry
conditioned air from third floor penthouse to upper floors.
Contractor for air conditioning, American Refrigerating (

ODERNIZED this spring, this 12-story building of
the People’s Outfitting Company, Detroit, is air con-
ditioned throughout. The air conditioning equipment,
furnishes a total of 230 tons of refrigeration—55 tons for
the basement and three lower floors, 175 tons for the nine
upper floors. And this refrigeration is economically carried
through Armstrong-insulated cold lines and ducts.

Armstrong’s Cork Covering on cold lines, Armstrong’s
Corkboard on ducts, cut operating costs by guarding against
refrigeration waste. Cork presents an effective barrier to the
passage of heat. Equally important, it resists the moisture
that is invariably encountered at low temperatures. That’s
why Armstrong’s Corkboard and Cork Covering have been
standard insulation for years in industries where low tem-
peratures must be protected.

Let Armstrong engineers work with you in planning in-
sulation. Armstrong’s Contract Department is equipped to
install low temperature insulation in accordance with Arm-
strong specifications—centralizing responsibility for both
the insulation and its installation. Write today for @
complete details to Armstrong Cork Products Co.,
Bldg. Materials Div., 926 Concord St., Lancaster, Pa.

Armstrong’s CORK INSULATION

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 : 13

ew)

‘we wew HERMAN NELSON

AIR CONDITIONER
FOR SCHOOLS...

Eliminates Overheating |
; ... Prevents Drafts | /

The New Herman Nelson Air Conditioner for Schools is an entirely new

unit designed and constructed from the ground up to maintain ideal air ri
conditions in the classroom. Its exclusive “‘draw-through”’ design pre- | (
vents drafts and eliminates overheating.
With the obsolete, multi-fan, ““‘blow-through”’ design, fans in the lower
ee ee ee portion of the cabinet discharge cold air up through the radiator. That
portion of the air which passes through the radiator at low velocity is dis- THE

ete wets fee charged into the room at a very high temperature, while that which

; 5 passes through at high velocity is discharged at dangerously low tem-

i : P ; peratures, causing drafts. If a temperature control device is used to

na ms | @ 7 " irl overcome this condition, the average temperature of all the air dis-
My | = | ff charged into the room is not low enough to prevent overheating. Ni

Now Herman Nelson’s exclusive, multi-fan, ‘“draw-through”’ design
assures that all the air discharged into the room is maintained at the 4
desired outlet temperature. With the blower assembly located in the

top compartment, streams of air at various temperatures drawn through
the unit are thoroughly mixed in the fans immediately before being tio
discharged into the room. No part of the air is colder or hotter than sig
necessary to maintain the desired temperature. Only with this 7 ra
“draw-through”’, multi-fan design can air, cool enough to of
prevent overheating, be discharged into the class-

room without danger of drafts. Tk

AT FULL CAPACITY

Scientific design and location of the fan and
motor assembly in the New Herman Nelson
Air Conditioner for Schools assure most
quiet operation. Locating the motor in the
end compartment—out of the air stream—
permits the use of larger blower assemblies,
with fans running at slower tip speeds. In
the past, noisy operation obtained with the
motor placed in the center of the blower
assembly often made it necessary to reduce
capacity, resulting in drafts or overheating.
3 , eg

~ 2» % The new design of the Herman Nelson unit
THE OBSOLETE WAY

now insures quiet operation at full capacity.

ADAPTABLE TO ALL CONDITIONS

The New Herman Nelson Air Condi- engineer. A continuous supply of out-

tioner for Schools is the first unit de-
signed to operate most efficiently under
all conditions. Its flexibility enables it
to be controlled according to any method
of operation desired by the architect or

door air can be introduced into the
room in any quantity, or outdoor air
may be admitted only when necessary
for cooling. The unit is available with
either damper or radiator control.

For Complete Information Write to

THE HERMAN NELSON CORPORATION, MOLINE, ILLINOIS

| NELSO

co

L |

NEWS e EVENTS e FACTS e FACES T RE N D S IDEAS e OPINIONS e COMMENTS

THAT THERE IS A PLACE FOR SUCH PROJ-
ECTS IS further proved by the fact that
more than 78,000 families have applied
for tenancy in the 21,800 dwellings which
will be available upon completion of the
PWA’s $134,000,000 program. In New
York City more than 20,000 home seek-
ers applied for accommodations in the
Williamsburg Houses development, which
has 1,622 dwellings. At this point, the
New York Housing Authority decided to
stop accepting registrations or goodness
knows how many applications would have
come in.

LAST MONTH THE FARM SECURITY AD-
MINISTRATION opened for occupancy
Greenbelt, a completely new community
near Berwyn, Maryland, seven miles from
Washington. The Greenbelt project
which began from scratch, so to speak,
represents community planning in its
most intensive form. There are a total
of 885 new homes in the development,
simple in design yet equipped with all
modern conveniences. Rentals will range
from $18 to $41 per month, with an aver-
age rental per dwelling unit of $31.23, in-
cluding heating both dwelling and water.

Greenbelt is considered primarily as a
relief project, and it is stated that the
amount spent for labor has been much
greater than it would have been had the
economical building of low-cost homes
been the sole object. Total cost amounted
to an estimated $14,227,000. Of this fig-
ure, 65.6% was expended on labor. The

PHOTOS: SIGURD FISCHER

Federal Government, it is stated, will col-
lect from the project, $424,243 in yearly
revenue ... or a return on invested capi-
tal of slightly below 3%.

Apparently, the Farm Security Admin-
istration desires Greenbelt business enter-
prises to operate on a consumer-co-opera-
tive basis, since it is provided that resi-
dents shall determine how stores and
facilities in the planned business district
will be run. Which may provoke an out-
cry of “Socialism” from gentlemen on
the Right. In any event, those concerned
with community planning will watch with
interest the progress and outcome of the
Greenbelt project.

AN ACCOUNT OF A PRIVATELY-FINANCED
HOUSING project—Chatham Village, on
the fringe of Pittsburgh—is given in
Freehold Magazine, the publication of the
National Association of Real Estate
Boards. Completed in 1932 by the Buhl
Foundation as “a socially constructive in-
vestment,” this project has a record for
the last five years of 99% productive oc-
cupancy and an annual net yield of 5%
on original investment. Chatham Village
is not regarded as a philanthropic under-
taking and its success should encourage
private enterprises of the same sort.
Average rent per room is now $10.70.
Of the average rental income, 1.25%—
equal to 1.5% of the building cost—is for
amortization and 5% for net yield. The
amortization fund is reinvested and com-
pounded semi-annually at 4%4% and is

The automobile trailer applied
to missionary work—the Saint
Lucy, motor chapel of the Paul-
ist Fathers, ready to start work
on Tennessee.. Designed as to
interior and appurtenances un-
der the direction of the Litur-

gical Arts Society of New York

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

intended to retire the building cost in
about 31 years. On each of the 197 sites
approximately $1,300 was spent; on each
of the houses $5,400, totaling around $6
700 per house. This cost is much smaller
than the per-unit cost of the Greenbelt
development discussed above. However,
perhaps there are differences which make
impossible any logical comparison.

PUERTO RICO IS NOT BEING OVERLOOKED
in Uncle Sam’s housing program. Word
has just been received that two projects
providing neat, healthful homes for a total
of 206 families have just been completed
and are ready for occupancy. Monthly
rentals range from $6.80 for a 3-room
dwelling to $11.45 for a 5-room affair,

Coincident with receipt of this in-
formation, we learned of a Puerto Rican
building boom which might tempt some
of our architectural brethren to book
passage on the next packet. Seems that
Governor Winship is trying to build up
a tourist trade for the island and that this
has stimulated construction quite a bit...
$200,000,000’s worth, in fact.

The New York Herald-Tribune’s cor-
respondent says that despite the erec-
tion, so far this year, of 556 apartments,
houses and private dwellings, you can’t
rent an apartment in San Juan for love
or money.

SAN ANTONIO MAY NOT HAVE HAD A
FAIR like some of her sister Texas cities,
but right now she’s feeling pretty su-
perior. To understand why, you need to
know that El Paso has a population of
102,000, Houston of 292,000, Dallas 262,-
000, Fort Worth 165,000 and San An-
tonio 231,000. Somebody who felt very
friendly toward San Antonio must have
had a hand in drafting the Texas defini-
tion of a city eligible for participation
(Continued on page 124)

OCTOBER

1937

RRP? CRG

STE

TERRAZZO BEAUTY

IS BEST EXPRESSED WITH MEDUSA WHITE

@ When one steps into the rotunda of the Cincinnati
Union Terminal he is confronted with an inspiring
color panorama seldom equalled in public buildings.
Overhead is a colorful dome, while immediately be-
neath are inspiring murals. The floor of this magnifi-
cent interior is of rich colored terrazzo made with

Medusa White, the original white portland cement.

Medusa White Portland Cement as a matrix sets forth
the colored marble chips in such a manner as to give

maximum color value and beauty to the finished floor.

MEDUSAg

.

iM .4_f.

THE ORIGINAL

For outstanding terrazzo floors specify Medusa White
Portland Cement. It means using the white portland
cement with the longest service record of satisfaction.
Write today for a complimentary copy of the book,
“The Beauty of Terrazzo” showing colorful repro-
ductions. * Medusa Portland Cement Company,
1005 Midland Building, Cleveland, Ohio, « « « «
* - *

Architects for the Cincinnati Terminal were: Fellheimer and Wagner,
New York City * ¢ © Terrazzo Contractors: Cassini Mosaic and Tile

Company, and Martina Mosaic and Tile Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.

eV HITE

SPECIFY G-E HOME WIRING

Nothing less than adequate wiring satisfies today’s
discriminating home owners and builders. They know
that the fully electrified home is the only modern
home. Comfort and convenience are visioned in terms
of proper lighting and electrical appliances that make
homes more livable and easier to maintain.

Make sure that your clients get adequate wiring
let the experience of G-E engineers help you with the
wiring in homes you design. Specify G-E Home
Wiring.

G-E Home Wiring is designed to meet every test

of adequacy. It may be installed in any type of home

in homes being built or homes being modernized.
It provides wire sizes that are large enough for every
electrical need, proper controls, circuits that avoid
long runs, protective circuit breakers, and plenty of
outlets. It assures comfort and convenience without
materially increasing wiring cost.

Ask about G-E Wiring Materials, and get details
about G-E Home Wiring — adequate wiring. Write
to Section CDW-7110, Appliance and Merchandise
Department, General Electric Co., Bridgeport, Conn.

GENERAL @ ELECTRIC

WIRING MATERIALS

APPLIANCE AND MERCHANDISE. DEPARTMENT,

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY,

BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT

XUM

LE |
Mir

1 KX

The authors cof "We View With Alarm" (page 26): LORIMER RICH, New York: MILES L. COLEAN, Chicago;
WILLIAM DEWEY FOSTER, New York; PIERRE BLOUKE, Chicago; EUGENE H. KLABER, Chicago; and SPORT

FEDERAL ARCHITECTS AT EASE

HOWARD L. CHENEY of Chicago,
who is to design the U. S. Building for
the New York World's Fair

LEROY GAARDER of Albert Lea,
Minn., who is still western enough in
spirit to enjoy pistol shooting

JOHN P. ALMAND of Little Rock, Ark., who, with
the others portrayed on this page, came from pri-
vate practice to Washington to serve the Government

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 19

XUM

Waex you want to get the most
for the money you spend on interior
paint, don’t ask “Is this paint dura-
ble?” Say, “Is it really washable?”

Durability alone is not enough.
You have probably had many ex-
periences with paint that didn’t
wear off but from which marks and
smudges wouldn’t wash off. So re-
painting time came much sooner
than was expected.

Flat paint made with Dutch Boy
White-Lead and Dutch Boy Lead
Mixing Oil has all the durability for
which white-lead is famous. In addi-
tion, this paint is washable in the
full sense of the word. Its beauty is
not impaired by hard scrubbings.
Those scrubbings really get you
somewhere. Stubborn stains and dirt
actually do “come out in the wash”.

For proof, take a look at the test
panel above. It was walked on for
a week. Then it was smeared with

20

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- Se

5

—aee

i
o7,
e..- “aE -*

= See

purpose
Ty mactTe

2 Se pe ote
eS y

@ This is a piece of wallboard painted with Dutch Boy White-Lead and Lead
Mixing Oil. Horizontal streaks show how it was defaced with various enemies
of interior paint. Swath shows marks completely removed by soap and water.

grease, stained with mercuro-
chrome, streaked with pencil, cray-
on and lipstick, daubed with shoe
blacking. But despite this hard
treatment, washing with soap and
water left the panel looking as
clean as when first painted.

Now consider briefly this paint’s
many other advantages. It has all
white-lead’s characteristic richness,
solidity and depth, a paint of un-
usual beauty. Because of its excel-
lent sealing power, it stops suction
and hides fire cracks.

Finally, this paint gives you all-

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

round economy. It has high cover-
age (800 sq. ft. per gal. on smooth
plaster), mixes quickly, spreads
easily. Add up those three qualities,
and you have low first cost. Then
add long wear and real cleanability,
and you have low cost per year.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

111 Broadway, New York; 116 Oak St.,
Buffalo; 900 W. 18th St., Chicago; 659
Freeman Avenue, Cincinnati; 1213 West
Third St., Cleveland; 722 Chestnut St.,
St. Louis; 2240 24th St., San Francisco;
National-Boston Lead Co., 800 Albany St.,
Boston; National Lead & Oil Co. of Penna.,
316 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh; John T. Lewis
& Bros. Co., Widener Bldg., Philadelphia.

OCTOBER 1937

XUM

ii

QO aS ff fo eo beet Oe het —"

ny

IN STEP WITH THE VOGUE FOR
MORE STORE FRONT METAL —

ENTRANCE DOORS

able in both rolled and extruded metals. New develop-
ments include Concealed and Recessed Awning Bars.
WRITE THE KAWNEER COMPANY, NILES, MICHI-
GAN, FOR FURTHER DATA. BRANCHES: NEW
YORK CITY, CHICAGO, ILL., BERKELEY, CAL,
DEALERS IN ALL PRINCIPAL’ CITIES.

GLEAMING METAL BY DAY
ILLUMINATION BY NIGHT

T. increasing use of such fine rustless metals as
aluminum with the alumilite finish, bronze, and stain-
less steel makes a very definite contribution to the
effectiveness of modern store fronts and buildings.
Many interesting possibilities have been developed:

many more remain to be explored. EXTRUDED—YET RESILIENT
Kawneer is in step with this movement. Originally At anmovs glass-holding members are fully resilient,
a : olding glass with a firm but yielding grip. No looseness.
founded by a practicing architect, The No rigidity. F. S. detail shows resilient Extruded Sash.
Kawneer Company has had wide experience
in the fabrication of rustless metals for all
architectural purposes, understands thor-
oughly the problems of the architect and builder.

Thus Kawneer is a logical source for all types of A= en
architectural metal work, entrance doors, special sign RUSTLESS METAL

letters, ornaments, mouldings, and Sealair Windows
STORE FRONTS

of several types. In addition, of course, the complete
AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER [937 21

line of Kawneer stock store front construction is avail-

XUM

bie

Multicoupler Antenna System provides the modern
home with all-room, all-wave radio reception;
easily installed by the electrician. It is designed for
multiple operation of two-to-twenty radio sets. In
One system and for every desired room it combines
a highly efficient doublet antenna and plug-in
Outlets for AERIAL, GROUND and POWER, with
added Convenience Outlets in the same wall plates.

Wired-in in n Radio Convenience For

KASS SE

a oe ;
ioe tall bat Ota
Oe ih ce dad Sea Fal Sa On Net Nt I «

HART & HEGEMAN DIVISION

THE ARROW-HART & HEGEMAN ELECTRIC CO. HARTFORD.CONN.

FM CHKE UE

ony or r all rooms — with the

te MULTICOUPLER ANTENNA SYSTEM

j rs oie : » ery. > ees ee ey Ex

u Mea: rates E ai
This brings wired-in radio convenience to the liv-
ing room, bedrooms, childrens’ rooms, den and
recreation room— elsewhere as in schools, hospitals,
hotels. Owners readily approve the system as a part
of the regular wiring job. Free engineering service is
given on plans and layouts for installation or speci-
fication. . . First, write us for general instructions

folder fully describing the system.

. re
BL Ge, Pts. Re) Oe LP

, |
ese |

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

XUM

important pluses...

while reducing
maintenance costs _|

r

AINTENANCE costs will take
M a big tumble—now that this
Jewelers Building has been re-sided

35,000

square feet of this enduring asbestos-cement

with Eternit Timbertex.

material were used on this industrial building.

But the positive gains were even greater than
the very substantial savings. Timbertex is fire-
proof and rot-proof—its beautiful “weathered
cypress” texture affords enduring beauty. No
paint or stain will ever again be needed. Tim-
bertex adds insulating value. This means more
comfort, both summer and winter—and a saving

in winter fuel bills.

etttet
| his a
oguazTeats il
syraaratt r mS if
age a
tl
ial

iE

ETERNIT
TIMBERTEX

SIDING

(il rrre,

tnd

ye tr ttre
‘ 2 oa il] Ter
iisibs tHe)

Section of Attleboro Associated Jewelers Building, Attleboro, Mass., re-sided with Timbertex Colonial
Asbestos cement Shingles

Timbertex is moderate in its first cost—and
extremely economical in upkeep expense. It is
available in a wide range of colors and designs
—to suit the needs of industrial buildings,

apartments, hotels and private residences.

Eternit Timbertex is the product long sought
by the executive and architect concerned with
maintenance. Send in the coupon—let us mail
you full facts about this and many other
RU-BER-OID money-saving products.

RU-BER-OID

ROOFING AND BUILDING PRODUCTS

Check the Ruberoid Building and
Modernization Products which interest you

The RUBEROID Co., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.
Please send us folders describing the Ruberoid-Eternit Building

(D Asbestos-Cement Cj Asphalt Shingles 5 a ee :
Shingles and Roofings Products checked. A.A
. EE ree ee oe RI a Oe Ae a ee ee
C0 Asbestos-Cement CZ Asbestos Pipe
Sidings Covering ree ee
(C0 ‘Newtile’ for bath D Rock Wool Cit §
and kitchen walls House Insulation A aa a aaa a aa
ere seme se ed sam Sar ee
AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 23

A Publisher Takes the FLOOR

When plans were being made for the decora-
tion of the offices of Philip Battelle, publisher
of Western Home Furnisher magazine, it was
agreed that an atmosphere of rich, modern sim-
plicity would be most becoming. Quite natu-
rally, a floor of Sloane-Blabon Custombilt
Tile was chosen to contribute to the harmony
of the entire room scheme.

Today, visitors who view these offices on
the tower floor of the New Western Furniture

Exchange & Merchandise Mart in San Francisco

call them the showplace of the building. The
splendid Bleached Mahogany and Indian Red
tile colors, with six-inch Black Marble Border
and one-inch feature strips of Plain Tan and
White, combine to give a striking effect.
Quietness, cleanliness and comfort also are
a part of this gratifying Sloane-Blabon installa-
tion. We invite architects, builders, managers
and executives to consider the smart advan-
tages of this type of resilient floor when plan-

ning to build or remodel. Write to us.

Sloane-Blabon Custombilt Tile Floor, planned by Rucker-Fuller Co., installed by West Coast Linoleum & Carpet Co., San Francisco, Cal.

dloane-blabon

FLOOR COVERINGS

STRAIGHTLINE AND MARBLETONE INLAID LINOLEUMS
C GENUINE INLAID LINOFLOR RUGS AND YARD GOODS
TRENTON, NWN. J. + PHILADELPHIA, PA. ° NEW YORK. N. Y. BATTLESHIP, PLAIN AND JASPE LINOLEUMS *« CORK CARPET
CUSTOMBILT TILE *¢ KOLORFLOR «+ SERVICE BOND
AND CALMAR ENAMEL-SURFACED RUGS AND YARD GOODS
W. & J. SLOANE, SELLING AGENTS DIVISION - 298 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
24 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

A WISE LENDER TALKS TO HIMSELF

"| SHALL lend on mortgages again because the shortage in building will
have to be made up, rents are rising satisfactorily so that there can be profit.

Mortgages will again be considered one of the soundest types of investment. There can
be no doubt about it now, the worst offender, the second mortgage, has been
pretty well removed from the picture and the FHA system of financing of residence
construction has been well received. Confidence is restored by an above-board financ-
ing system in which all of the charges are known in advance, and made reasonable
instead of exorbitant. @ Of equal importance, I think, is the insistence that is now put
upon a complete analysis of the building operation, with emphasis on sound construc-
tion and good design. I shall certainly look over the plans and specifications more
critically, and have Mr. Jones, of our staff, who is technically trained in these matters,
report on the excellence of these plans and specifications. However, | have known
specifications to become mere “scraps of paper” when the owner and builder found that
they could substitute this and that for the materials of equipment called for in the
specifications. This time when I lend I want to be sure that the plans and specifications
are not only good, but will be followed to the letter. The only way I can do this is to
insist that the owner engage a competent architect from the beginning, and that the
architect perform his full services, which include the supervision of the work as it
progresses. © Neither I nor my inspector can tell whether the physical security behind
my loan is what it purports to be after the house is completed. A house that is going
to crack, deteriorate, and come apart ina few years looks just like the best the day after
completion, but in five years the owner will be disgusted and probably the sales value
of the house will not be as much as my loan. I have seen too many mushroom develop-
ments that looked perfect when they were about to be sold. Even though they were full
of nationally-known electrical equipment, colored tile, built-in this and that, which are
sales points, these things cannot carry the load when shoddy construction and poor
structural materials have been covered with paint and paper. I am convinced that,
at no added cost to myself, or to the owner, | can be assured of sound construction
only by having the one unprejudiced agent in the building industry, the architect,
serve both of us by supervising the construction. @ And the owner himself will be
better pleased, for the competent architect will give him a house fitted to the needs
of his family and his purse, one which is planned for the maximum comfort and con-
venience for his own way of living, a house properly suited to its lot, and certainly
one that will not run up abnormal repair bills. @ For my own protection, and entirely
in self-interest, if you like, I will lend only on buildings for which an architect is em-
ployed to give full service, planning, designing and supervision—and the greatest of
these, for my protection, is supervision. I have had too much of jerry building. I insist
now on quality in the materials, equipment and workmanship that in the final analysis
create the value of the security for the money I lend.”

Jluaild (LeeLe

EDITOR

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 25

XUM

PHOTO: EWING GALLOWAY

We View With Alarm
A FREE-FOR-ALL IN THREE ROUNDS

(Readers, if any, are forewarned against an attempt to sniff an official aroma in the
following emanations. All remarks ascribed to the participants are informal, unpremedi-
tated, unguarded and sometimes excited. In all cases they are the personal reactions of
architects who have been doing a special kind of work rather than the pronunciamentos

of officials; and any other interpretation is vigorously denied and disavowed in advance.)

lIHk FIRST ROUND

TIME
A humid late afternoon in July of 1937.

PLACE

Washington, D. C., a dim corner in an old mansion, five, deep-cushioned, rusty leather
chairs grouped around a small table supporting an assortment of bowls of ice, potato
chips, popcorn, tumblers of various colored liquids. Overhead, in wide gilt frames, the
benign beauty of Dolly Madison, and a portrait of an old gent with billy-goat whiskers;
a bust of Apollo balanced on a slender pedestal.

PERSONS
Five, claiming membership in the architectural profession:

MERRE BLOUKE, dark and deliberate, the paladin of architectural progress in the
Home Loan Bank system, speaking in a low voice, the more emphatic for its groping
quietness;

ES COLEAN, the veteran of FHA’s forays into the wonderland of popular esthetics,

more voluble than coherent;

VILLIAM FOSTER, grim and taciturn, seeking lessons in post offices;

HENKY KLABER, the Galahad of many a knight errantry in defense of Lady Logic
through PWA and FHA, exuberant in drawing instances from a wide experience;

ORIMEK RICH, bibulous and bellicose, determined to discover what is wrong with
it all.
As the curtain rises there is heard the drone of an electric fan
and the celestial harmonies of ice tinkling against glass.

KICIl. (beginning, with some reluctance, to speak)

The beneficent editors of AMERICAN ARCHITECT and ArcHITECTURE (all raise glasses
in silent tribute) have asked us, along with groups of architects in other cities, to do
part of one issue of their worthy sheet. They told me that in picking this group they
hoped they would get something from us of a national viewpoint—(all raise glasses to
the national viewpoint)—that is, ideas gleaned from our experience here as architects
working for the different branches of government. All of us have practiced indepen-

dently in various parts of the country and have been brought down here—

COLEAN and KLABER (with feeling):
“Brought down” is a nice phrase!

RICH! (Unruffled) :

The feeling was that a group such as this might have a point of view on questions affect-
ing the profession as a whole, arising out of the work of such agencies as the HOLC,
FHA, and dear old Procurement. (There are tears in Foster’s eyes as he finds another
liquid tribute called for. Rich continues, fixing a diabolical glint on Colean as he draws
some hoarded clippings from his pocket.) One thing that has particularly interested
me has been the FHA activity. When that institution was set up, we were encouraged
to hope that here might be an agency which could take a positive stand for good design
in this country. Heaven knows, the situation cried out for somebody to take hold of

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it, and we hoped the government might be that somebody. Yet, after three years, we
look st the product (he waves his clippings) and I don’t think we have any cause to
proci.im a millennium. Here it is, the same old row house, no better architecture than
befor, no evidence that I can see of any thought given to esthetics and, rightly or
wron_ly, advertised as conforming to FHA requirements and bearing the stamp of
approval of the United States Government! !

((
Well, Lorimer, it’s very nice of you to turn the meeting over to me at this early stage.

Turn it over? He has shoved it down your throat!

COLL AN (taking the clippings in his free hand):

[ cannot pry this subject loose until I have had a liquid wedge. (The wedge is firml)
rammed into place.) | While I can’t say I’m enthralled with your little models, Lorimer,
still they aren’t so bad as things go. They are in fact superior to a great many you could
find in one part of the country or another. I think Pierre will bear me out in this.
(Blouke nods sadly.) You may be shocked when I say that these houses may be satis-
factory from the point of view of mortgage insurance. They are probably located in an
accessible, growing neighborhood, as well laid out as the city will permit. They are
probably soundly constructed, have satisfactory light and air and good equipment; and

their designs are attractive to their buyers. They must be pretty reasonable risks.

FOS

You aren’t, if I may use the word, a little complacent?

COLEA

No, not complacent, just realistic. When we entered this field we had to accept a situ-
ation which already existed—methods of design and construction apparently dear to the
builder and his public and make the best of the situation. The situation as we found it,
unless we were to avert our eyes in academic rectitude and get no building started,
plainly did not permit our standards to be as rigorous in many respects as we might care
to see. We hit first at the points where mortgage risk was most evident: construction,
light and air, lot arrangement, privacy and convenience in layout; and we have been able
to get considerably above the norm on many of these things. I can assure you there is no

complacency in our attitude. We are pushing the line gradually forward all the time.

)

(

I grant you all that. But it seems to me that the importance of good architectural
design has not been stressed; and I have felt that, with the government entering this
field, there is an opportunity to do something really beneficial about it. When you
think that small houses, such as these, are what determines the complexion of our cities,
you might well add certain minimum standards of architectural design.

LAI
That raises the basic question of the measure in which any government should impose
esthetic standards on the architecture of the country. Of course, the only effective way
to achieve a real esthetic standard is through a realization by the general public of
what is real quality in design and what is merely meretricious ornament placed to catch
its eye and its dollars. But such a realization can arise only as a result of a richer and
more satisfying life than is possible today for most people; it must be a democratic mani-
festation. On the other hand, the imposition of esthetic standards by bureaucrats or
academies is likely to lead us into the kind of stodgy architecture that the Second Em-
pire produced in France.
In our own case, the danger of control of design and the weak ground on which we
would stand if we attempted to exercise it seems apparent. The only points at which
we can properly exert pressure on design are those which Miles mentioned, the points at
which bad design affects the security of the mortgage through useless expenditure of
money, or excessive prospective maintenance cost, or through some esthetic monstrosity
plainly below the accepted norm. Such is the limitation in our case; but in any program
of a democratic government the degree of esthetic control exercised by the government
will be comparatively limited.

BLO I

I believe it ought to be comparatively limited, I believe the architects themselves, not
the government, should take the situation in hand. All you have to do is to tour the

FHA GUARANTEED

On THUS

PRLS

SECTION EDI
FEDERAL ARCH
AMERICAN
AND ARC

OCTOBER

MORTGAGES

TED BY
‘7seGQ Ts
ARCHITECT
HITECTURE

1937

older residential areas of almost any city to see how the magic hand of the architect has

in all periods neglected the bulk of urban development. Right now, because their old

clients have been out of the market, architects show some excitement about these things

[ wish I could believe they wouldn’t forget all about it as soon as the old type of practice
becomes possible again.

RICH (unconvinced) :

I think you should insist on a higher quality of design. You might have more technical
experts—architects of good reputation—to see that designs are improved. I'll admit
there has been a good deal of zeal to see that construction matters are taken care of—t
see that the roof does not leak and that the utilities are there, but when you get into
esthetics you get into questions as important as any of these.

COLEAN:

Aside from the administrative problems involved, that gets back to the fundamenta
question Henry raised. I would certainly like to see the quality of design improved

We may flatter ourselves that we have the sound judgment to exercise the control you
want. However I can’t help but feel, as Henry Klaber does, that when government
officials begin to go in for control of esthetics they are apt to do at least as much harm
as they do good. The government, it seems to me, is not the place where esthetic prob-
lems should be settled. Speaking as a private architect, I should hate to see the govern.
ment set up as an arbiter of design in this country. An esthetic dictatorship does not
appeal to me.

FOSTER

I agree. I would hate to see you doing a Dr. Goebbels with my brain children. From
experience, whenever there has been an effort to control design it really has worked

very unsuccessfully or has been abandoned. However, it seems to me that there are J

certain things you could make a more definite stand for—

There are very obvious things, such as fake half timber and false fronts.

BLOUKE:

False fronts have been accepted at least as far back as the Colosseum, while some of
our most revered colleagues have revelled in fake half-timbering. You might get into
some difficulty in drawing up precise rules on such matters.

FOSTER (carrying on):

Just as you would say that there must be a certain amount of light in a room and
certain size room for livability, you might also force greater simplicity and directness
in design.
COLEAN :

I don’t like the sound of that word, “‘force.”

RICH (coming to the defense) :

Now, don’t try to make a Mussolini of him. Bill’s no esthete on horseback brandishing
a flaming sword, like the Second Division Memorial. He merely wants the government
to do something about design, and I agree it can be done. It seems to me at least yu
could force the contractor and developer to employ architects who have some co.-

ception of good design. ;

sLOUKI

Can you write the rule for that? Would you accept Institute membership as a —_ ion,
or a State registration? You might not, even then, escape your false fronts. Do \ ec
know the kind of architect that is available to builders? There are states in this cc

try where there are virtually no trained architects. Even in New York, where architeys|

are numerous, there are very few of those you like to call architects except a —

tively few leaders, who are able or willing to serve the builder. The profession is

sold to the idea and is not equipped to do the job—the kind of job that Gropius mei

when he says that “the architect must make his profession socially and economic

indispensable to the community,” and that “he must definitely overcome that coma

state of being regarded by ignorant people as a costly luxury.” I think I remember hi
words correctly. They’re worth remembering.

Pierre mops his brow. All sit back, recalling that the day is warm.

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COLEAN (a little abstractly):

How far can the government go in the matter of design? Although I’m convinced it
should not dictate, that does not mean that it should make no effort to improve design.
I believe we can show that it is doing that. Pierre, for instance, on the part of his
organization, has been carrying forward a specific program to organize groups of archi-
tects for small house design and to show lenders that their service is worth something.
On our part, we are endeavoring to point out to operative builders and banks the value
of design and of the whole service of the architect, and to point out to architects the
importance of entering this field. In an advisory capacity, we have been able to im-
prove the quality of subdivision design and of house design, and I can match examples
against the ones that shocked Lorimer. We do encourage simple, straightforward,
economical design for small houses.

But the fact remains that the esthetic standards of the country are low, and that the
esthetic and technical standards of a great many architects are low. The skill we need
just is not available to meet the problem we are talking about; and I can assure you that,
using all the force you seem to think we have power to use, we could not greatly change
the situation. But the question of esthetics is a thing which I go back to as, at best, a
dubious function of government, particularly, on so wide a front as we are engaged in.
We have already entered that field perhaps further than it is safe for us to go. As I
have said, I would hate, as a private architect, to feel that I had to adapt my whole
esthetic sense to the opinions of the government. The government should involve itself
in the problems of safety in security, to health problems, but esthetics are social prob-
lems arising out of the judgment of the people, of society as a whole.

It is the responsibility of architects to guide and express that judgment. Perhaps they
do it in spite of themselves—explaining why we have Norman villas in Westchester
and Norman villettes in Queens. The setting of esthetic standards, even if it were
desirable, in a time in which you can observe no norm, either in the high or low cost
field, would be fairly bewildering. Suppose, on the other hand, we were operating in
the period say, between 1720 and 1830. It would have been a very easy thing for us
to establish reasonable ranges of esthetic standards, but today esthetic standards are a
question of personal idiosyncrasy. Take, for example, the city of Salem. There you have

a certain esthetic harmony due only to a certain social harmony. In Salem the question

of establishing esthetic standards did not arise. At the present time, however, you have
a very different situation. There is no social harmony.

BLOUKI

The real trouble is that people in this country are living in a sort of dream world, and
the architectural profession with them. Why talk about the sham and insincerity of
the small house built by speculators, when you find houses in Scarsdale, Lake Forest,
and Syosset, built by the “best architects” for the “‘best people” embodying the very
elements of false esthetics which we deplore, but unfortunately built to last longer than
the cheaper sham of the low-cost house?

h

\BER (leaning forward) :

You’ve hit something there. The thing that is handed to people, and which they are
willing to buy, is the thing they want. The thing that appeals to them satisfies a need.
What is the need that the faked half-timber satisfies in the feeling of the American
people? Where does he get the desires which are visually satisfied by these things? They
are built up on certain concepts which arise out of the nature of his own living.
Recently, a woman remarked to me that the trouble with most small houses is that they
are designed as large houses. Here was an intelligent layman who grasped what many
architects fail to see, that essentially the small house must be simple. Why then does
the average American who builds or buys a house want the effect of a large house?
Because, as Pierre points out, he is living in a dream, a dream of Scarsdale and Lake
Forest, of mysteriously amassing independent wealth and tasting every luxury. When
he attempts to own a home, the dream persists. In spite of his comparatively small
means, he wants to incorporate that dream and if he can’t have a linen dress shirt, a
cardboard dickey will have to do the trick. The fake half-timber, scrofulous stucco
and machine made “hand hammered” wrought-iron are an answer of a kind to a real
spiritual need. He wants these things.

So let’s not be too hard on the speculative builder; he makes his living by selling
houses, not by promoting esthetic purity, and his experience has taught him what the
buyer demands. If the product is wrong, it is because the demand is wrong. And if
he demand is for sham, it is because the life of most people is a drab frustration, and

;&oy ti<G

FEDERAL A

OCTOBE

R

ARCHITECT

ARCHITECTUR

oO
~~

the only escape which is at all possible for them is through make-believe.

A number of years ago I commented to Lewis Mumford on the prevalent bad taste of
motion picture theaters. He remarked that the movie palaces occupied the samz place
in the minds of the American people that the cathedral did in the medieval mind: the
escape from life and the approach to Heaven. And it is true: for sixty cents a man
escapes from his environment, and for three hours enters a synthetic heaven. Ushered
to his place by an obsequious, handsomely costumed usher, he sits in cushioned ease
surrounded by a splendor of imitation marble, and gilding, and witnesses a spectacle of
synthetic love. The little dream home is a product of the same ideas. Here, for instance,
is such a dream home. (Draws forth picture) Lorimer’s examples may merely be the
result of indifference or acceptance; this represents a conscious effort to achieve an ideal,
FOSTER (almost violently) :

Does the government have to stand back of that sort of thing?

COLEAN
No—not so long as it is fairly unusual. But if it represented the norm in esthetic judg-
ment, we probably would take it, whether we personally approved of it or not.

BLOUKE

You talk, Bill, about simplicity and directness in design. How are you sure that that
is what we want? You would rule out the Flamboyant and Rococo along with Gen-
eral Grant, Chester A. Arthur, and Queens County styles. There are no absolute judg-

ments on that sort of thing.

COLEAN
No, but some periods do achieve a unity within themselves. We haven’t. If there isa
norm, I don’t know where to look for it.

BLOUKE

Certainly the leaders of the profession today are agreed on no such norm; whereas the
architects and the public generally—I mean the great army of architects and designers
who in one way or another make the plans for the mass of new houses and the public
which buys them has nowhere to look for leadership. But the architect should be the
arbiter of design. If you turn it over to the government, you are certainly robbing the

profession of its opportunity and responsibility of leadership.

RICH

I think all of you are dodging. You insist the profession is doing nothing, and at the
same time say the government can’t, or oughtn’t, or won’t do anything. Then you
blame it on the age, or something else. We have accepted the idea that our olfactory
nerves are not to be offended. We prevent smoke, and we prevent noises and other
disturbances; and the next step for us to take is to protect our eyes from architec-
tural atrocities. That example of Henry’s is as much a crime as a belching chimney or
cementless concrete. It ought to be prevented.

COLEAN
It will be when the public is conscious of its badness.

KLABER
When we again have an integrated society, it will impose its own esthetics.

Bl ( yl K i
But the profession can assume leadership.

FOSTER
That’s all very well; but just how can that be done?

COLEAN

We must have a new concept of what the architect is—not just an ornamenter, not
a pious esthete, not a mere designer. He must understand and be willing to struggle
for the needs of his time. If he does that, a satisfactory esthetic will follow.

BLOUKE
It goes back to the question of our equipment as architects to handle the whole of the

country’s architectural problems. Our training was limited to a dream-world architec-
ture. Most of us went from that sort of thing in school to the same sort of thing
in practice—dealing with the phantasies of a limited class of people. The real needs of
the country, we ignored, because we were not taught of their existence, let alone how

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we were to meet them. I suggest that the real problem is one of our own education.

(He settles comfortably, glass in hand.)

RICH:

[ suggest that we have had enough for one night.
(Rich follows Blouke’s example. There is a general relaxation, and the ice
tinkles amid the drone of the fan. Apollo still manages to hold to his pedestal.)

THE SECOND ROUND

TIME

A sulphurous late afternoon in the same July.
PLACE

Washington, D. C., the awninged terrace of a Georgetown Garden (Foster’s). Instead
of the leather chairs, white, iron ones; instead of Apollo, Foster’s peach tree shadows the
group. Otherwise the arrangement is the same: table with glasses and other potulent
paraphernalia,

PERSONS

The same five, with one addition: a brown and white springer spaniel, to which Foster
refers as “Sport,” the perfect embodiment of its breed name, its ebullience unaffected
either by the heat or the discussion.

(As the curtain rises, Sport is seen making a strenuous effort to get his nose ahead of
Klaber’s into a glass of pink lemonade.)

FOSTER (dismayed):

No, no, Sport! Down, Sport, down!
(Sport withdraws, then, in fine abandon, races behind the chairs and back and forth

the length of the garden.)

COLEAN

His energy is commendable, but his objectives seem a bit vague.
BLOUKI

The same words, if I may be permitted to say so, might apply to the architectural pro-
fession. We don’t seem able to get oriented.

RICH (sadly):

And in the meantime, government threatens to bureaucratize the whole business.
KLABER

What! The other day you were insisting that the government take over the whole
business!

RICH
I refuse to be misunderstood, though I will give up that argument for the present. What
I want is the government to guide, not absorb. And I see a clear tendency in both the
That I don’t like. I want the
private practitioner preserved as such. But what do we see?—an increasing number of
public agencies, both state and national, setting up architectural bureaus, and doing
directly work which otherwise would go to men in private practice. New York City
and New York State are making persistent efforts to introduce laws which will require
that more and more city and state work be done by architectural bureaus.
done this for years.

state and federal governments to absorb the profession.

Ilfinois has
Of course in New York State they have been pointing to the
I think we
all ought to be concerned with this, because I believe it’s a menace to the profession.

example of the federal government and its various architectural bureaus.

BL K]
In what way is it a menace?
fs

Does it mean that we will get poorer architecture? Has not the work of the Procure-
ment Division, for instance, been of pretty high quality?

EDUCATION TOWARD THE FULLER

ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURE. STUDY
FOR DETROIT RIVER FRONT IM-
PROVEMENT BY WALTER HICKEY,

CRANBROOK ACADEMY OF ART

7 a)
T

NEW YORK
ROBERT MOSES,

Cf ;
. PF

,s&Cct
FEDERAL

IMPROVEMENT —
COMMISSIONER

Ww

ARCHITECT

ARCHITECTURE

RICH

Yes, it has—(He swings at Sport, who has his nose close to the potato chips.)

FOSTER. (interrupting):
I blush for you.

RICH (continues unruffled) :

And in New York, I must admit that Moses has done a swell job architecturally in con.
nection with his parks, playgrounds, and recreation centers. But I don’t think the
work of the last few years is characteristic of what I’m driving at. There has been 3
freshness to it. Men trained in the freedom of private work have temporarily taken
the opportunity offered by a vast governmental program. These men have had zest
and enthusiasm, but this wears out if it becomes a year in and year out proposition. Ip
time you don’t have the vitality to go along and produce building after building, one
thing after another, without the thrilling part of going out and getting the work
yourself. There is something to going out and getting jobs for yourself—something to
thinking that your living is coming from your ability to get a job—

COLEAN:
You mean the architect can’t perform unless he is faced with the prospect of hunger?

RICH (unperturbed) :
Not necessarily. But a routine is harmful to creation. You get tired—run out of
ideas and find that you are repeating .yourself.

KLABER

I think Lorimer touched upon an important point. I too feel that you cannot keep up
an even pressure of productivity, working over a period of years on the same sort of
thing, and that there is a tendency in any agency, where there is a more or less constant
flow of work, for a man to slow up in his creative efforts because he just cannot create
constantly. This may be the case with an architect in Government employ, but the
same condition occurs in private practice. In the good old days (instantly glasses are
raised to the good old days) when job after job came into the office, all of us did some
work which bears the stamp of a fatigued architect. In this respect, many of our
highly organized offices have all the disadvantages you lay to the bureau.

FOSTER

Another thing happens in a bureau—the architect ceases to be an architect, he does not
do the entire job. He can supervise it to a minor extent, but he really becomes simply
a routine designer or engineer. He does not have a chance to control the whole problem,
as he does in outside practice. This makes the man suffer and the work suffer. Even

in the larger projects.

KLABER
Let us forget it from the point of view that the man suffers—that is an individual

problem. Do you believe it makes the work suffer?

FOSTER
Yes, I do.

COLEAN

You feel that so far as the architect is concerned, he will produce better work if he is
acting in a private professional capacity rather than on the basis of a regular retainer.
On the other hand, many departments of the Government seem to have been dis-
appointed with the results they have been able to obtain from architects who do work
for the Government in their private offices. The real problem is, what is the cause of
that dissatisfaction, for, say what you will, Government doesn’t grow just for the love
of growing. Every lasting expansion of governmental function has come because of a
breakdown somewhere along the line in the providing of that function. If there is a
growing tendency to increase the number of governmental employes in the architec-
tural field, it is probably because it has been forced upon the Government out of the
difficulties met with in doing it some other way.

RICH

Well, to argue against myself for a minute, you might take the case of the Treasury
Department when, in the depression, it was faced with 400 projects which all had to
be done at once—the emergency arose because of the work relief program, and so forth.
It was faced with the problem of how to get these jobs done most expeditiously. It

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could have given them out to 400 architects scattered all over the country—a tre-
mendous job, and what with the contacts necessary with the Department and the Post
Office, Justice Departments, and the various other departments, a problem that was
almost impossible to solve. To get 400 architects—there are probably not 400 architects
in the country competent to do these jobs—properly distributed, I mean. The archi-
tects might not have been competent, might not have been able to put the drawings in
n- shape to meet public requirements. Here certainly, the Government was forced into
he & something because, for one reason, the architectural profession was not equal to absorb-
1a — ing 400 public building projects at once.

en KI {BER

“st & Or take the case of the PWA Housing Division. It first tried to get its job done by
relying on private practitioners. But it soon found that in order to get that job done

- it had to take over more and more of the architect’s functions until it finally limited
rk his work to producing the routine documents, while the direction of design and super- SCHOOL DESIGN BY PRIVATE
to

vision were handled in the Division. With some notable exceptions, the profession, ARCHITECT—WESLEY BESSELL
again was unable to meet a requirement placed before it.

COLEAD

“FOr take the FHA. In connection with large projects, for instance, we have been trying

to deal with the profession and to make the profession realize that it is up to the archi-

of | tects; but we have found the pressure increasing daily to institute bureaucratic perform-

ance, due to the fact that the stuff that comes in is frequently so inept; that with the

amount of work we have to get out, I often think our procedure would move more

smoothly if we took the whole architectural end upon ourselves.

of
ant § Or take any agency dealing with the small house. What sort of help does the Govern-
sate | ment get from architects there? We've talked about that already; and it’s plainly so
the — bad that Lorimer is even willing for the Government to take over that part of the
are § architect’s work.

ome F COLEAN

I

our
If you knew the pressure we have been under to produce small house plans for the
market.
BLOU KI
not ‘ ‘ , ' ;
The Home Loan Bank system is engaged in an experiment to assist architects to enter
iply : : ; ,
a this abandoned field. We’ve set up what a few leaders of the profession believe to be
em, ; ;
a practical operating plan, sell the service for them, and lead them by the hand into it.
ven ate ‘
But it’s up-hill work.
FOSTER
dual It gets down to the fact that the architectural profession was not ready with enough
ua : ;
competent men when they were called upon in emergencies to produce work in a hurry—
COLEAN
I can add that I do not think it is in a position to do the normal jobs, without any emer-
gencies. This is certainly true so far as housing is concerned.
KLABER
he is ‘ — : ‘
Of course, in spite of its importance, housing has been a step-child among architects.
iner. pe . :
A I was astounded at the rapidity with which prominent firms which had previously done
is- " ani ' : cai
\ office buildings became housing experts when there were no more office buildings to do. . .
work
se of § BLOUKI

love | Fervent evangelists.
of af RICH
is 2— And a job to keep the office going. You noticed that, as these various agencies popped

itec- f up, architects became interested, some of them because they had nothing else to do, and

f the then as business has picked up, as once more they have had dangled before them large SECTION €EOD TED 8B Y
buildings, they have dropped out of this work which is so very essential to the country
' " : Gara : ARCHITECTS
as a whole—this problem of improving ninety per cent of the building in the country. FEDERAL ; 7
sill They jumped into it because there was nothing else for them to do. They did not have 2 N TEC
| the real crusading spirit.
ud to 5 §P

orth. | BLOUKE: (correcting: )

_—
a=

The professional spirit.

XUM

MENT STANDARDS.

HOUSE DEVEL-
OPED BY FHA, ADAPTED TO BRICK

STRUCTURAL

Fa)
m

er
c

ARCHITECT

ARCHITECTURE

RICH
That’s it. President Eliot was once asked the definition of a profession, and he said it
was an occupation in which one engaged not primarily for profit.

COLEAN
If we were a profession we would most certainly interest ourselves in this picture. If

we were even good business men we would do it.

BLOUKE

The architects have not known how to organize themselves in that picture. They
are following a will-of-the-wisp. I had a long letter from Robert Kohn today. On
my way back from Boston not long ago, I stopped in to see him concerning our efforts
to get architects to interest themselves in the problem of the small house. He points
out in his letter that the French architect is called to serve on a modest fee basis—little
commissions throughout France, much as the medical profession serves the patient; but
the attitude of mind in this country has been developed, as I’ve said before, by an
academic sort of schooling. The students all want to do capitols, seaside resorts, and
that is due, I think, to the present day education. The point I am getting at is this:
as architects we are still living in a superplane that is way above the problems of everyday
living. From the start we have been insulated and isolated from the small house field.

COLEAN

If architects could bring to the small house field a real esthetic concept—their knowledge
of good design, their insistence on good construction—if they could show in everyday
things the importance of their service, their position right up through the whole structure
of society would be improved. It would be easier for them to get a hearing in con-
nection with other kinds of problems. The deference which would be paid to them in
the development of public buildings, public monuments, and so forth would be much
greater.

KLABER:

People would better understand the importance of the architect in connection with
public buildings if they could see his hand in the convenience of their houses, in the
sunlight coming into their rooms, in the lasting pleasure they got from his handling
of color and material.

RICH (Smiling into his glass) :
Would any of us, before we came down here to Washington, have got all “het up” about
a house that the lower third lived in? Were our interests in that direction?

COLEAN
Well, I know Henry and Pierre had been pretty well into it from one angle or another.

I had begun to get a little religion on the side. . . .

RICH (interrupting):
I suspect you may be interested in it now because of your jobs. When you get back into
private practice then is going to come the test of whether you are really interested.

COLEAN (after a gulp):

I prayerfully hope I can meet that test, Brother Lorimer. If there is anything I would
not want to do, it would be to go back to designing mirrored bathrooms for the
hysterical rich, and other such sins with which my past is blotted.

(At this moment, suddenly springing up at the table, Sport succeeds in upsetting a bowl
of potato chips. All spring to the rescue. Klaber neatly catches a toppling bottle.)

FOSTER (reprovingly) :

Sport, I’m shocked. You must be more polite. Naughty! Naughty!

(Sport sulks away to the edge of the terrace and lies with his muzzle flat on the pave-
ment, pointed toward the assemblage, all of whom he eyes reprovingly, including Foster,
who won’t even eye back.)

COLEAN (after order has been restored, and the glasses refilled) :
I don’t believe we have proven that the government is seeking to take over the archi-
tectural profession. It seems rather .. .

RICH (with some indignation) :
Colean, you are an unmitigated perverter of other people’s words, especially mine! Last
week I asked for a little control and guidance in the architectural field, and you beat me

Pierré
BLO
Defin

to m
Educ:
RIC
This
make
done
as I k
—the
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ways

S
Well,
do ab
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RIC

Some
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But Ww

Ill ad

down as a dictator. Now, I didn’t say the government was seeking to take over the
it profession. I didn’t say anything about desire or intent. I merely noted what is
going on.

COLEAN
If J accept the distinction.
Rit

It’s an important one. This thing has happened. I contend it isa menace. But I don’t

ey accuse the government of plotting it. It has probably been forced on it by circum-
dn stances.
rts BLOUKE
7 By what circumstances?
tle ;
ut B® FOSTER (still disgruntled, a little vaguely) :
an & By the depression, by the emergency, by the hot weather, by such things as Sport. Let
nd } me get some more potato chips. (He goes inside.)
lis: '
l Al \ ER
4Y & Pierre evidently has more definite ideas.
RTOUK] MODEL HOUSE CONSTRUCTED
Definite and brief: the profession was not trained for the problems the government had BY THE LUMBER INDUSTRY FROM
|ge to meet. I would like to take a crack at the present day education of architects. PLANS DEVELOPED BY FHA FOR
a Education is still in a medieval state. TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 4
ure
on- B RICL! (interrupting

in | This whole evil which has fallen upon us has been due to our own lack of initiative to
ich J make advances to the Government in normal times. The A.I.A. has, especially lately,
done some haggling with the Treasury Department about ways and means. But, as far
as I know, the profession has never tried to deal with the various governmental agencies
—the War Department, Veterans Bureau, Bureau of Indian Affairs, all of which have
pe, special architectural problems—to understand those problems and to work out the
he ways such agencies might deal with the private architect.

ling
STER (returning with his replenished bowl) :
Well, I think that the bureau system is here to stay regardless of what we may want to
do about it.
out
COLEAN (with his free hand in the bowl) :
I don’t think that is necessarily so. If the government could get competent service—
if it could get architects to interest themselves in its problems without chaining them
her. §
toa desk down here. . . .
KI
. I think it could be done. In Illinois, for instance, Hammond has maintained a very high
1nt0 F verformance in public work, passing jobs to a number of private architects. Perhaps a
pattern might be worked out similar to that in Germany before the present lamented
regime—under the direction of such famous architects as Messel, Hoffman, and Behrens.
ould F
the J. ; ' .
Some way must be found to work it out. Architecture is a personal service—as per-
ball sonal as medicine. It can be performed properly only when it is performed by a person

rather than by a bureau, whether it be a public or private one. I believe in the private,
individual architect. I believe that great architecture can come only from him. He is
the master of his craft. If he has never done a library, he can do a library; if he has
never done a hospital or a housing project, he can still do a hospital or a housing project.
save- | If he is a real architect he can do these things. The real architect can diagnose his
ster, | Problems, he can understand function, circulation, lighting, and put all of these elements
in proper juxtaposition to make them work. The real architect realizes that his objective
isin the building. He must use his materials—his wood, his brick, his marble, or bronze SECT

—as a palate from which he creates a building.
rchi- >

}

But where will you find these fine creatures.

Last § (woefully) :
it me} /'ll admit the government couldn’t find them when it needed them in a hurry.

XUM

NEW INDIAN SCHOOL
SOUTHWEST ARE DESIGN
TRADITION THAT THE
KNOW AND RESPECT.
MURRAY & PHILLIP, A

SECTION EDI
FEDERAL ARCH
AMERICAN
AND ARC

OCTOBER

_
- ~ a. a — :
yg a J aes a Ee au x %

> 6 THE
ED IN THE
INDIANS
MAYERS,

RCHITECTS

TED 8Y
iTECTS
ARCHITECT
HITECTURE

1937

COLEAN:

I think this all goes back to a certain lack in the profession which baffles the govern-
mental agency when it comes to deal with it. It does not get this beautiful composite
picture which you draw up. In other words, the creature you describe, who can per-
form in the complete and competent professional way you visualize, does not exist so
far as these governmental problems are concerned.

BLOUKI

So far as all but a very limited range of problems is concerned.

COLEAN

We have seen here almost all architectural problems, in all their ramifications. We have
been able to watch how the profession is meeting these various problems—from the 2,000
dollar house in the mill town to the erection of the most monumental building that
can be devised. In one way or another we have had an opportunity to judge how the
profession is meeting that great range of problems, and we all feel that there is some-
thing lacking, and when we trace it down we feel that much of what is lacking appears
due to the training—to the education and point of view that has been given us to serve
as the demands have come to us. If: we had been trained to meet all of the needs of
the country, when the depression came, we might not have been left

FOSTER

Like the fashionable tailoring business. We have found we aren’t even as important as
hairdressers. (He glares at Sport, who still in the same position, seems to have developed
a sense of sin.)

RICH (after refreshing himself) :

I’m a little weary with all this talk about the profession this, and the profession that.
Why can’t you be interested in something specific? Here, for instance, take the city
of Washington—an architectural problem in which the whole country is interested.
What about that?

COLEAN:

Well, what about it?

KLABER

It seems to be in pretty good hands. It has a Planning Commission, a Fine Arts Com-
mission, a Jefferson Memorial Commission, and I don’t know how many more commis-

sions. That ought to offer control enough to satisfy you.

RICH (pretending that Klaber had gone home some time ago) :

The architecture of Washington, and the future architecture of Washington are some-
thing that every architect and every citizen ought to be interested in and ought so far
as possible be invited to have a voice in. But they get no such chance. The Fine Arts
Commission, or whatever commission it may be, simply gets together and makes its
decisions. Then, before the public even has a chance to prepare for the shock, the
commission says what it is going to do.

KLABER (refusing to be disembodied) :

I cheer your abdication.

COLEAN (chiming in):

There you have a fine example of dictatorship, or control, if that pleases you better—
the sort of thing you want us to do for all the house architecture in the country. Or
maybe you feel that is more important than public buildings or monuments.

BLOUKE (into an uplifted glass) :
I wish I could think so.

COLEAN (continuing) :

Or that the likes of us would make better dictators than the Fine Arts Commission.
I am sure they are most competent. They are of acknowledged ability and of the
highest professional standing.

RICH

They might be a little more receptive to public opinion.

KLABER

Lorimer, you ask too much. If you were a Fine Arts Commissioner you would be as
pontifical as anyone. You couldn’t help it. It’s in the name, and the name is the
keynote to the whole attitude. What is ‘Fine Art” anyway, but a term setting art aside

as Si
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as something unrelated to common life and experience, something which creates a special
priesthood which serves a cult?

BLOUKI

Well, after all, that is exactly the attitude of most architects. They are trained to
design railroad stations, resort hotels, and the like; and the small home, the shop, the
garage, which constitute nine-tenths of American architecture, are below their lordly

notice.

FOSTER
To get back to the Fine Arts Commission—how do you think they should arrive at their
decisions? They can’t very well take a popular vote.

Rit

Before coming to a decision, I think the Fine Arts Commission might make a public
announcement of important matters it has under consideration, and let those interested
have a chance to squawk. As it is, they suddenly announce their approval of a project.
The matter is all settled. The architect is chosen, the character of the building fixed,
and the design approved, before any but a few know what is being done. Why not
hold a hearing somewhat after the manner of Congressional hearings when legislation
is proposed.

COLEAN

There never has been opportunity for that kind of discussion, which would be most
healthy. In the Renaissance, there were riots when the populace felt their esthetic
sensibilities offended.

FOS!

They would probably riot about the wrong things. Just remember how they tried to
slaughter the Burnham plan when the Commission announced the opening of the Mall.

RI¢

All I was suggesting was that people be given a chance to be heard.

COST EK

I understand. I understand. But would it assure us better architecture, or would it,
saving your worship, merely get us into a dither about such things as cherry trees?
KLABER
Would it give us buildings you could find your way around in, or offices you could see
out of without peeking around columns or over parapets?

COLEAD}
Or buildings you could moor an automobile near?

BLOU KI

Would it still leave us some of the worst slums in the country? The thing that ought
to concern us is not such absurdities as the Second Division Memorial or such phantasies
as the Jefferson Memorial, but the vast bulk of our urban areas to which no directive
thought has been given. I’m not concerned about the cherry trees, but about a rational
architecture and a realistic architectural education. Even with all the high powered
control we have here, we don’t get rational architecture. We try to live on a super-
plane. We set up a kind of grand scale Hollywood and forget it has any relation to
living and doing business.

FOSTER

Where are we getting, anyway?

RICH

We seem to be about back where we started.

(There is a general infiltration all around of effervescent heat-killer. Sport is discovered
to be peacefully asleep.)

FOSTER (with a glow of affection) :

You know, he really is a very nice dog. (There are no comments.)
THE THIRD ROUND

TIME

Late afternoon, early in August 1937; a mild, soft air of gentle coolness, such as the
Washington climate gets too little credit for producing and which, in fact, it does not

XUM

YY)

WASHINGTON PARKING PROBLEM

Win:

y - *
: ant

a "5

ca St. i en
. +2 ae

.

STUDENTS MAKE TRAFFIC ARTERIES
PARKING A PRIMARY CON-

AND
SIDERATION.

NEW WORLD'S FAIR 1
SEPH STEIN AND RUDOLPH MAT-
TERN OF CRANBROOK
OF

ART, MICHIGAN

CTingnw 88 1
DERAL ARCH
AMERICAN
AND ARC

OCTOBER

PROPOSED PLAN FOR

939 BY JO-

ACADEMY

TED 8B Y
FECTS
ARCHITECT
HITECTURE

1937

produce so frequently as to cause any alarm to the thirst-quenching industry. Foster's
peach tree is in full fruit.
PLACE

The same as the Second Round; the properties are the same except for a new bottle.

PERSONS
The same. As the scene opens Colean is using Foster’s peaches to harry Sport, who is
his old self again, and becoming even more so under the barrage of amygdalus persica,
It is too much for Foster. With a deeply pained expression he seizes Sport by the collar
and drags him to safety within the house.
COLEAN (settling into chair with the air of one who has accomplished something):
Where’s the ice, Bill? So long as this is the magazine’s party, I feel free to complain
about the service.
FOSTER:
Since when did you develop any reservations on that fine freedom of yours?
COLEAN (undisturbed, as he pulls nearer to him the bowl of potato chips) :

It seems to me last week we left Pierre on the verge of some great thought.

RICH
If I remember correctly, we left him disgruntled on a super-plane, or some such queer
place.
FOSTER
He didn’t like education.
BLOUKE (seriously) :
The crux of this problem, I think, very definitely rests with the trainirig of the architect
to meet the problems of society today, and not that which existed in the time of
Louis XVI.
RICH
Well, this is progress. Last week Pierre had education in a medieval state. Perhaps
today he can pull it forward another few hundred years.
KLABER
I really feel very strongly with Pierre that education is the nub of the question. We
must get back to the architect’s training—what it has given him and what it
has not given him to meet the things he is up against, or ought to be up against in
present day practice.
RICH
What, specifically does it need to give him?
BLOUKI
It should give him a social and economic orientation. . . .
RICH (with a gulp):
A well resounded period.
FOSTER
What about an esthetic orientation?
BLOUKE (deliberately lowering his glass):
He needs both. But the second should grow out of the first. As a member of a pro-
fession he is a servant to society—to the whole of society and not just the capital “S”
variety. He must be taught what the great architectural needs are, and how to meet
them. He must be inclusive in scope, not exclusive as he always has been... .
KLABER

. a servant of the people as a whole, not just of the priest and the patron. .
FOSTER (mumbling):
Who alone have been willing to pay him.
RICH
I agree with Pierre that education should inculcate in a man his responsibility to society
—and this he should have if he has any pride—responsibility and realization of the situa-
tion in which he is living in this country, and he should not turn aside from works that
will help our social structure simply to make money. That’s preaching and all that,
but it goes right back to the definition of a profession and a business. The business is

to m
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ss 18

to make money and the profession is to follow your chosen vocation without a primary
regard for profit. You take the teachers—they are not entering their profession for
money, but because they like the work, and eventually you must get the architect to
the point where he does it because he is a servant—that thought permeates this whole

discussion.

KLABER
There seems to be an impression that when we speak of a social point of view for the
architect, we mean some vague philosophical concept or a general benevolent attitude.
[ believe it means something much more important and definite. I think that the pro
fession, together with all other fields of work, is faced with an important choice. The
large amounts of money that are involved in building have naturally tended to make
the architect dependent on those who control money, and it is only too easy to slip
into the attitude that we are concerned only with the interests of this class.

It is precisely these same interests that today threaten the idea of democracy. The
architect must, therefore, decide for himself whether the idea of democracy on which
this nation was founded is valid. Its opponents say that it has: failed, and if we base
our judgment on the ultimate ideal of a democratic government, we must confess that
it has not as yet been achieved. But let us not forget that a few hundred years is a
short time in approaching such a goal. The architect must therefore decide on which
side of the fence he is on this vital question, and which way he proposes to push. This
does not necessarily imply that capitalism will vanish, but it does mean that it must

be kept in control.

COLEAN

I'm afraid Henry is getting us hoisted on another kind of super-plane. When I plead
for a broader social point of view, I do it not only because I see the need of the archi-
tect’s service in other fields than those in which he usually works, or over-works, but
because I think the economic existence of the profession depends on such a view being
taken. In other words, I want to see the architect—the average architect, that is—
make a better living for himself by making himself more generally useful. I want to see
him less dependent on a class of work which vanishes at the first threatening cloud of
depression, and which does not recover until it’s nearly time for the next depression.

FOS! (Having tried since Klaber’s apostrophe to get in a word, blurts a paragraph) :
A great deal of the objections to present-day architectural education is directed towards
the fact that the graduate—or the general run of architects—doesn’t know much about
the question of Housing. If one is not particularly interested in that part of the pro-
fessional practice why should he know a great deal about it, even if it does represent a
large volume of the building being done in the nation. An architect should have the
privilege, without criticism, of choosing that in which he may wish to interest himself
during his professional career; a lawyer or a doctor, certainly makes his choice for
specialization, and I doubt if a lawyer interested in criminal cases is considered to be
neglecting his duty if he isn’t also specializing in International law.

COLEA)

The trouble is that everyone wishes to specialize in International law, and there isn’t
enough to go around.

BLOUKI

And the schools haven’t pointed that out.

COLEA?)

What we have been hammering at is that you do not get the proper orientation towards
a career in the schools. I think our education has given us an erroneous lead in the
whole thing. Our whole education was built on archeological concepts. We were
given problems of a highly irrelevant nature, as far as the normal needs of society are
concerned. We got into what has been previously referred to as a “dream world.”
When we went into practice we knew only that kind of problem and could not get into
the general run-of-mine stuff—the kind of work that cities demanded, that people
demanded, the houses, stores, warehouses, factories; those things that form the major
part of our building needs.

KLABER

Our education was based on study of the achievements of people of the past. It was
modeled on such achievements without any understanding of the motivation and back-
ground that created them, or any understanding of the life that flowed through them.

XUM

ARCHITECTURAL
Vs

M.
THE

ws
CONSTRUCTION OF

DESIGN AND

STUDENTS AT

SUPERVISE
A HOUSE

APPROXIMATES
ORIENTATION

SUNLIGHT

HOUSING
COLUMBIA

PIivVvisiegn8.
UNIVERSITY

FEDERAL ARCHITECTS
ARCHITECT

ARCHITECTURE

COLEAN

In other words we were taught to reproduce Florence and Salem.

BLOUKI

In other words the whole thing was academic, not realistic. I recently saw an exhibj-
tion of the work of a prominent school. Looking at it, I wouldn’t have known that |
was living in the United States in the second quarter of the twentieth century.

RICH

You must know the precedent of the past. You can’t start gaily inventing form
and technique. You must somehow take advantage of the experience the ages have
developed.

FOSTER

Do you people object to all that? Do you think it should be merely supplemented by
a course in social service? Do you think the thing to do is to study nothing but small
houses, city stores, etc.? Did you ever realize that time for education is limited—that
the architectural student has only a limited time to get what he must get? Therefore,
it is the esthetic side that he is most likely to overlook later, and why not give him a
good dose of it while we can? Why should they not put the emphasis on the esthetics
rather than the material thing?

In the years of architectural study the student should be given as broad an understand-
ing of esthetic problems as it is possible for the suffering faculties to provide. This
would include study of plan and the esthetics of elevations, or vertical walls—study of
fenestration, balance, ornamentation—all of these with relation to the plan as needed
to meet the requirements of the problem. I agree that perhaps too much emphasis has
been laid in times past upon beautiful balance around axes to the detriment of the plan.
but I doubt very much if such teaching is being followed today and from observation
I sometimes think the pendulum is swinging somewhat too far the other way. More-
over, the architect should know materials and furthermore he should know engineering.
It is my conviction that no original thinking can be done by an architect, thinking of
a fundamental character with regard to design, without a pretty thorough knowledge
of structural engineering. Most of the original ideas concerning structure come from
Europe where the architects are more thoroughly trained in mathematics and in the
engineering of structure.

In the study of planning and composition, there may be some justification in the criti-
cism that problems are generally involved with a “Swimming Pool on a Large Estate,”
“A Small Private Museum,” “A Sport Center in a Winter Resort,” etc. Perhaps it
would be well to give some problems concerning the housing of families of low income,
but it surely would be presumptuous to say that those problems should predominate.
Whatever the vehicle let the student be taught that there is such a thing as balance,
chiaroscuro, fenestration, and so forth that are satisfying to the emotions, and also
teach him that planning means arrangement of rooms and circulation so that the build-
ing will function efficiently, whether for business or for living. I can’t believe that
Housing is so intricate that an architect of average intelligence and decent training can-
not solve the problems; he may not get all out of his problem the first time as well as
the man who has been studying the problems for some time. But surely there is no
such mystery or intricacy in the problems that either legerdemain or genius is abso-
lutely necessary for their solution. (He takes a deep breath, and reaches for the ice).

RICH:

Bravo, Bill, I didn’t know you could do it.

KLABER:

Bill’s remarks raise the question of the content of architectural education. A good
thought in Gropius’ exposition of education was the fact that he does believe in a trained
esthetic understanding. In painting, music, architecture, as in all creative work, you
have certain general principles that pervade the whole picture—unity, selection,
sequence, proportion and rhythm—these are basic principles. A certain rhythm in music
has a certain reflex on your mind. Similarly architecture has a rhythm. The mistake
in education is not teaching the architect to understand these basic principles by his
own experience—not giving the student a free hand to attempt, however ineptly, to
express them. If I read Gropius’ words correctly he starts out in the very first year of
architectural training with those esthetic principles, disassociated entirely from design
of building, starting off in all sorts of exercises in compositions, regardless of whether
they apply to building or textile pattern, and afterwards he leads the students into the

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consideration of building. They then have their background of esthetic principles with
which they themselves have experimented. And then they are led into an understanding
of the social picture. That seems to me to be a thoroughly rational approach to the
problem.

COLEAN

As I get it, it means the interpretation of those principles in the light of existing prob-
lems, rather than getting those principles second-hand through adaptation of past ex-
amples which arose out of entirely different economic and social needs.

The whole problem we have raised in these discussions is that the architect is not trained
in the problems which confront society today. We have seen it even in connection
with simple government buildings which come closer to the problems which were given
to us in school. We have a group of practitioners who have fallen down whenever they
have come up against anything but a specialized group of problems. Bill says there is no
mystery to these other problems. But the evidence of failure is there, none the less.
BLOUKE

And the evidence points to the schools, and the academic, rarefied, complacent point
of view that is bred in the schools.

FOSTER

But the schools can’t do everything. Those who want architectural education changed
sem to think that the architect is wholly unprepared to meet the present-day demands
on the profession; they feel that the young graduate doesn’t know enough about the
actual conditions existing in the world he is entering; not just his professional world
but the whole social fabric which will surround him. There can be no question but
that it is true he has not a full realization of all this, but I doubt very much if it is
possible to give him much help along this line during his years of training. He can be
given some direction in thinking and can be made to realize that social problems exist
and that they are a very real part of the world in which he will practice and should be
a very real consideration in his architectural approach. But he certainly cannot learn
much during those years about actually solving the problems. The time in college is
short and there is more and more to learn about the subject of architecture.

BLOU KE:

It isn’t what the schools do, but how they do it that bothers me. It isn’t that they
don’t give a point of view, but that they give the wrong one. If they were merely
technical academies, it might be better than the way it is now. At least, there would
be less to unlearn later. It’s the false, insulated point of view about which I complain.
RICH

I back up Bill. The schools can’t do everything. After all a man educates himself—
after all our greatest architecture was done before the day of schools.

KLABER

But not before the day of masters, under whom the novice could gain both his tech-
nique and his point of view.

FOSTER

Now you're only shifting the blame from the school to the teacher. The problem is
the same—what is to be taught, and how.

KLABER (with emphasis) :

And how!

RICH (again ignoring a respected colleague) :

What I’m getting back to is the architect’s own, individual responsibility in this thing.
In any case the school, or the master, can give him more than he has a capacity or
willingness to get. My teachers, I’m sure, tried hard enough with me, but the gravity
with which you’d weigh down the student simply slid off me, if it were there. I was
more interested in beer than sociology. An architect’s real education begins when he
leaves the school. He must remember that. He must accept the obligation of keeping
informed of what life’s about, and of learning how to meet the continually changing
problems that will confront him. He must run a one-man school for adult education.
KLABER:

How will he know how to go about it, if he hasn’t been started in the right direction?
Where will he get his material for such a course?

COLEAN

From the architectural magazines, perhaps?

XUM

—_1

LOW COST HOUSING PROJECT
BY H. FEIGIN, PLANNING
AND HOUSING Division
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

RICH (aroused) :

From the magazines! What some of you have said about the schools is nothing
what, barring apoplexy, I’m liable to say about the magazines. If the schools give
false point of view, what do the magazines do but continue and aggravate it? If th
schools are complacent and exclusive and all the rest of Pierre’s fine adjectives, what
are the magazines but ten times more soporific? What do they give you but, for t
thousandth time, the cornice details of Tottering-on-the-Brink and the entrance of
dear old Bilgewater Manor? What do they offer in the way of stimulus but pretty
photographs and nicely drawn plans of other men’s work to copy, just as the schoolg
gave you the deadly volumes of the Prix de Rome? What sort of education is that%
COLEAN

You’ve got me.

BLOUKI

Painful as it may be, I must agree with Lorimer. Further, I feel one of the deficiencieg
in our current architectural publication practice is the apparent lack of a continuing
editorial policy.

RICH

Policy? What policy do any of them have, but to print pretty pictures to save men
the agony of having thoughts of their own, and to play it safe generally? In what
other art or profession do you find such complacency? Take the stage. It has im-
proved its technique because of the criticism it has received. Literature the same way.
In architecture we have never had any real sincere, intelligent criticism in the magazine,
If they could work out some way to constructively criticize it would help architecture,
BLOUKI

And help architects to keep on their toes.

COLEAN

A representative of one magazine explained to me not long ago that they were afraid
of libel. I tried... .

CH

Libel, be hanged! Did any self-respecting literary magazine worry about libel when it

set to demolishing a bad piece of writing? Why can’t we have criticism? Why can’t
we have stimulation?
KLABER:
What else have you been pouring into and out of that glass for the last hour?
BI ( )l K li
Certainly the magazines aren’t doing what they might.
RICH
They might be more than photograph albums and. ...
COLEAN
They might try to influence instead of merely to report.
BLOUKI
They might have a definite editorial policy which one could recognize. They might
stand for some definite things and be willing to crack heads over them—I believe t
architects would like it and would profit by it—the sort of things we have been
talking about here.
FOSTER: (counting on his fingers):
Government control, bureaucracy, professional shortcomings, professional bewildermen
the Fine Arts Commission, education. .. .
COLEAN
Have we exhausted ourselves?
KLABER
Yes, but not the subjects.
SEC TFIOON €BDtTEO 8 Y¥ rice
We don’t seem to have settled anything very definitely. What are we going to do
FEDERAL ARCHITECTS

about it?

AMERICAN ARCHITECT BLOUKI

Let’s leave it to the magazines. (All refill and lift their glasses) :
AND ARCHITECTURE ‘

To the magazines!

OCTOBER 1937 (The curtain slowly descends.)

— i

‘ Fee ———
EP per a Me le >
: a a &

AR ¢

Stately churches inevitably facing commons are a definite expression of the communal life

which is the essential spirit of New England. This church is in Boxford, Massachusetts

HiTtECTURA!T
OVERTONES

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND

NEW ENGLAND CHURCHES

ARCHITECTURE OCTOBER

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Winter on the common in Reading, Massachusetts (opposite)

The socialite seaside village of Manchester,

prim white church (above).

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One of Charles Bulfinch’s accepted masterpieces is the graceful, studied church in Lancaster, Massachusetts

classic influence at its best is reflected in Plymouth Church, Milford, Connecticut, which was

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A yellow church trimmed with white faces the village green (opposite) in Hingham, Massachu

setts. (Above) The Center Congregational Church in Meriden, Connecticut, was built in 1831

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Kirst Church, Windsor, Connecticut, erected in 1794, is conspicuously Doric in inspiration

PHOTOS: STOLLER

J oH N FLO Y D VYVEew ett, ARCH EIT EB C FT

IBA PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS BUILDING, SUMMIT, N. J.

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

| ie "ihe ae

eae FIRST FLOOR

PLOT PLAN

CIBA PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS BUILDING
JOHN FLOYD YEWELL, ARCHITECT e BRIGGS & STELLING. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

937
52 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER |! AMERI

nation rea tee

tan reayenHneRRUN HH utr Tivtesbet
THT NN hy

CTS

1937

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

XUM

oe

SECOND FLOOR

ba T + Ff — ~ oa t ;
ee {
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‘ea ce} Bee | lle

THIRD FLOOR

Located in a residential suburb, this group of buildings, because of their dignified
architecture and fine landscaping, looks more like a civic center than a manufac-
turing plant developed by private enterprise. Careful attention has been paid to
both materials and color throughout. The entrance is of glass block and Indiana
limestone, while the remainder of the facade is of light buff brick with purplish
red brick facing on the window piers. This latter device suggests continuous
horizontal fenestration. Mullions are green and the muntins buff. The trade-
mark seal over the entrance is in two shades of green, red and has buff lettering.

OCTOBER 1937

53

CIBA
JOHN

/popeennns

PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS BUILDING

FLOYD YEWELL,

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

ARCHITECT

OCTOBER 1937

All the buildings are treated
in the same manner with buff
and purplish red brick, green
trim with occasional accents of
buff. The clock is black. Roof-
ing on the administration build-
ing, seen from the rear, is of
copper. Here again fenestra-
tion has a_ horizontal effect

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

PHOTOS: NYHOLM

OFFICES FOR FOUNDATION, NEW YORK,

ee

C. COGGESHALL, DESIGNER... INTRAMURAL, DECORATOR

Not so many years ago most offices, if they were decorated at all, looked as if
they were designed for the head of no less than the East India Company.
This was even worse than the golden oak period which, if undistinguished,
was at least honest. Today most businessmen realize that Georgian paneling,
despite its handsome appearance, is scarcely in keeping with the modern business

tempo. Asa result, they are demanding clean, simple, cheerful and comfortable

places in which to work. The case in point is an excellent example of an

efficient background for efficient work. (Above) The reception desk behind

a glass screen is a welcome change from the usual peep-hole in a blank wall

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

OFFICES FOR A FOUNDATION
C. COGGESHALL, DESICNER

One of the main requirements for this

job was that the executive offices be

extremely flexible. This was accom-
plished by means of folding screen doors
which serve as auxiliary walls and by
the use of a consistent decorative

scheme. A _ specially woven navy blue

-_ |

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eabg. I

carpet was used throughout in combi- room are upholstered in dark gray canvas.

by nation with light warm gray walls, wal- Ceilings of Sanacoustic tile include Holo-

tive nut furniture and leather upholstered phane lighting. The cleverly contrived

blue chairs. The sofas in the small waiting desk (right) has a Formica top
I

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Not only were arrangements made for
board meetings of varying sizes, but it
was required that there be accommoda-
tions for serving meals at these meet-
ings. This presented a special furniture
problem that was cleverly solved by the
use of flexible furniture. Great attention
was paid to various small details which
lend an air of refinement in no sense os-
tentatious. Instances of this are the sad-
dle stitching used on the leather chairs,
the lavatory finished in Markwa tile,
the gray lacquer cabinets with chrom-

ium hardware and the black tile floor

OFFICES FOR A FOUNDATION
C. COGGESHALL, DESIGNER

XUM

PHOTOS: HEDRICH-BLESSING

CAFE, CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS

ARTHUR F. DEAM, DESIGNER e JAMES D. HOGAN, COLOR e WILLIAM A. GANSTER, ARCHITECT

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

CAFE, CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS... ARTHUR F. DEAM, DESIGNER

JAMES D. HOGAN, COLOR... WILLIAM A. GANSTER, ARCHITECT

Popularity of the small restaurant (upper unit
of plan) proved such that within a year the ad-
joining building was taken over and the ground
floor altered as a cafe. Serving as a rendezvous
for local college students, provision was made in
the addition for a small orchestra platform and
the grouping of booths. Location of the orchestra
immediately opposite the opening between the two
units allows the music to be heard in both rooms

62 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 193!

Lighti
with

circuit
by a
one ri
are p

AMER

Lighting is almost entirely indirect. A cove trough
with 25-watt lamps on one foot centers has two
circuits regularly alternated, and is supplemented

by a two-circuit neon tube system. Each type has
one red and one white circuit. Walls and ceiling
are painted a variety of warm grays and sepia

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

eS 3, eae
L

Furniture upholstery is warm gray,
bright green, henna and sepia. The
bar is of Philippine mahogany. Other
woodwork is birch with a natural bleach
finish. Floors are of asphalt tile,
and interior metal trim is chromium

CAFE, CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS... WILLIAM A. GANSTER, ARCHITECT

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

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the
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ECT

1937

Weduesday, September 1.—Today marks
the inauguration of a new experiment in
American community life—an experiment of
enoriious potentialities.

To go back a little, the town of Green-
belt, Md., is the result of an effort to build
the shelter and amenities of a community
from scratch, rather than in the slow, labori-
ous, traditional way of haphazard growth.
The town is finished, ready for a community
of nine hundred families to move in.

This community was built with the idea of
building decent quarters and a pleasing en-
vironment within the reach of a low-income
group, the members of which were unable
to finance such things under the existing
conditions.

And now comes the second step of the
experiment—an effort to satisfy the every-
day needs of these nine hundred families
through a co-operative conduct of the town’s
business. Edward A. Filene,* Boston mer-
chant and philanthropist, has provided the
capital of a million dollars to operate a gen-
eral merchandise store, a foud and meat
market, a drug store, a motion picture thea-
tre, and other services, the corporation to
be run without seeking a profit.

The corporation, of course, will have to
pay rent for its store spaces, and it will do
this through an arrangement with the Gov-
ernment by paying a percentage of gross
sales as rent. The purpose, of course, will
be to supply the everyday needs of the com-
munity at cost or just above cost, the re-
sulting profit, if any, to be devoted to other
needs of the community. It is recognized
as a possibility, and a desirable one, that
the residents of the community themselves
will eventually take over the entire manage-
ment and responsibility of the co-operative
organization.

The experiment will bear watching.
Through the Government and through this
philanthropic aid, it has the ideal environ-
ment and presumably the utmost in econ-
omy of living. Whether a_ self-contained
community such as this will lift its standard
of living, or through complacency lower it,
remains to be seen.

Thursday, September 2—L. Moholy-Nagy
dropped into the office today on his way to
Chicago where he will attempt to bring
about a rebirth of the Bauhaus idea. With
Gropius at Harvard, Moholy-Nagy in Chi-
cago, and two or three other members of the
Dessau Bauhaus staff here or coming, the
United States seems to have taken over
rather definitely from Germany the idea and
its execution.

Moholy-Nagy, in the comparatively short
time he has had to see America, is already
impressed with the eagerness of American
youth to understand and apply the funda-
mental principles of basic craftsmanship, a
clearer understanding of space relationships,

_ "As we go to press, news comes of Mr. Filene’s death
in Paris on September 26.

THE DIARY

A

and the progressive apprentice system on
which the Bauhaus ideas are based.

Saturday, September 4.—Every once in a
while the old subject of rammed earth walls
has a renaissance of interest. Several archi-
tects have written me in recent months about
this form of building—pisé de terre—but
information regarding it has been rather
difficult to find. Now, however, the Depart-
ment of Agriculture has reprinted Farmers’
Bulletin No 1500, “Rammed Earth Walls
for Buildings,” in which M. C. Betts, an
architect now deceased, and T. A. H. Miller,
an engineer, brought together an interesting
history of the process and the practical tech-
niques employed. If you have any sort of
an impression that this is a make-shift form
of wall building, you may be interested in
the fact that watch towers constructed of
rammed earth by Hannibal were in use two
hundred fifty years after completion. There
is a house in Washington, D. C., the main
portion of which was built of rammed earth
in 1773.

Tuesday, September 7.—In to see a model
of the interior of the Oregon State Capitol,
used as a means of study by Barry Faulkner
and Frank Schwartz for their work on the
murals. The central part of the Capitol is
going to surprise a lot of people—a cylindri-
cal lantern form set directly upon a square
base without the use of any pendentives. The
form is certainly not put to use for the first
time, since it appears frequently in the Al-
hambra, and has been used as recently as in
Rockefeller Center. I rather think it will
be liked as a perfectly frank solution of a
problem without recourse to traditional de-
vices inherent in other forms of construc-
tion. The framing here, of course, is built
upon an octagonal steel base, four sides of
which coincide with the four walls of the

lobby.

Thursday, September 9—Saw a new de-
velopment of the trailer today—a _ roving
chapel, the interior of which was designed
for the Paulist Fathers under the supervi-
sion of the Liturgical Arts Society. Miss
Adelaide de Bethune designed in miniature
the Stations of the Cross. The color scheme

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

for interior and exterior, the fabrics, the
seats, the removable altar, and the neces-
sary appurtenances such as cross, candle-
sticks, altar cards, and the like were made
by individual craftsmen, nothing having been
procured through the usual sources of stock
church supplies. The trailer combines trav-
elling quarters for two, a tiny chapel which
is also used as a confessional, and an elab-
orate sound amplifying system. The rear
end of the trailer is opened up to show the
altar as a center from which the voice of
the officiating priest may reach a large con-
gregation. The trailer is drawn by an auto-
mobile which has mounted upon it an elec-
tric generating system to serve the lights,
sound amplification, and electric accessories.
There are photographs of the chapel trailer
in the “Trends” section of this issue. To-
morrow the roving chapel will be off for
missionary work in Tennessee.

Saturday, September 11.—The scene is a
tennis court under construction. The con-
tractor’s foreman, welcoming the architect
upon a tour of inspection, says, “Why the
salt?” The architect, having recently writ-
ten his specification for the clay court on
the basis of Time-Savers Standards No. 56,
cogitates upon just why that salt is mixed
with the clay and sand. It might be to keep
the weeds down. Jt might be to keep the
earthworms out. After the manner of archi-
tects on inspection, however, he plays safe
by saying that it should unquestionably be
there, and for a rather complicated pur-
That purpose is rather hard to run

However, the ultimate source of
knowledge regarding tennis court making
explains that the “common farmer’s salt”
is included in the mixture

pe se.
down.

because of a
mysterious quality it possesses of binding
together the clay and sand.

Possibly it is not enough to give merely
accurate facts in the Time-Savers Stan-
dards; a reason now and then would be
relished, at least by the architectural in-
spector.

Monday, September 13.—America has long
had the reputation of being supremely
plumbing conscious. It is growing more so.
Dealers in water supply equipment and
plumbing fixtures have suddenly awakened
to a new market in tourist camps, cottages,
and trailer parks. One of these men who
juggles figures at the end of his pencil esti-
mates that thirty million people will have
patronized these temporary homes this sum-
mer in the United States. More and more
they are insisting upon plumbing and _ hot
water service that is no less up-to-date than
that to be found in their own homes.

Tuesday, September 14.—Elizabeth Gordon,
who with Dorothy Ducas recently wrote the
book, “More House for Your Money,” gave
me a new picture today of the way in which
the modest home builder gets his plans and

65

builds his house. The Misses Gordon and
Ducas have, for some time, conducted a
department in the Sunday Herald-Tribune,
which brings them in particularly close con-
tact with the prospective home builder and
his problems. The stock plan, in spite of its
being more or less of a red flag to the archi-
tect, is gaining in use, and probably also in
quality. Even if it were ideally suited to
an individual’s need, however, he is bound
to suffer for lack of the other services that
an architect could give him—advising re-
garding contractual relationships and see-
ing that he gets his money’s worth in the
building. The problem of how the architect
is to be employed in this essential service is
as much a problem today as ever.

Thursday, September 16.—Speaking of de-
signing the small house, I hear that Frank
Brangwyn has been planning ‘a perfect
house for young married couples, price
£837,” the first example of which is now
being built near Brighton. One of his ad-
visers says, “I ought to make it clear that
in doing what he is, Mr. Brangwyn is work-
ing without a fee.” As if this fee cutting
practice had not gone far enough already!

Saturday, September 18.—Apparently we
have got to be very chary about using our
cold water supply for cooling processes in
our air conditioning. In Chattanooga, At-
lanta, Columbus, Dallas, St. Paul, Scranton,
and South Bend, for example, present water
facilities are already being used to full capac-
ity. Increased drain upon this, through ap-
paratus which discharges additional large
quantities of water into the sewer, puts a
new problem up to civic authorities.

Monday, September 20.—Those who see in
the great principle of standardization the
answer to most, if not all, cf our troubles,
might pause for a moment to listen to a
word from H. S. Goodhart-Rendel, without
whose thoughts I should probably never
complete a month’s Diary. He points out
that since the architectural profession has
never succeeded in getting bricks made to
a uniform size and shape, is it likely to suc-
ceed in standardizing completely even the
little buildings that are now designed over
and over again with only small and ineffec-
tual variations? Not that he sees any harm
in trying. Such stock patterns, however, he
thinks have a better chance of being pro-
duced and used if they are not marked by
any great individuality. Quite possibly such
stock types as we might generally accept
should be designed not by one architect, but
by a group.

Tuesday, September 21—Dr. Charles Gray
Shaw, professor of philosophy at New York
University, says that, “the manner in which
a people builds betrays the kind of world
it will make for itself, its vital intentions.”
A people who would build a Pyramid and

put a Sphinx in front of it, obviously was
not intrigued by the joy of life, but rather
was impressed with life’s heaviness and
mystery. To a people, on the other hand,
who erected a bright temple, making use of
color and gold, sculpturing upon its frieze
noble forms on parade, the ideal of joy is not
far off. So far so good, but when the
Doctor says that “to observe a Gothic cathe-
dral of the Middle Ages, to note its groined
arches within and flying buttresses without
and to feel its dynamic system of thrust and
counterthrust, is to be impressed with the
strong piety of its builders,” it seems to me
a non sequitur. The qualities mentioned re-
flect, rather than piety, a marvelous knowl-
edge of engineering and a great joy in ap-
plying that knowledge.

Wednesday, September 22.—The Govern-
ment has been building a lot of post offices
lately, and we have not heard much fault-
finding about them. Ernest L. Woodward
of Le Roy, N. Y., however, thought his
home town post office too squat, and put up
the money to build a parapet, a sloping roof,
and a cupola upon it. Inasmuch as Mr.
Woodward had given the building site and
enough money so that it could be built of
stone instead of brick, perhaps he had a
right to think it too squat.

Friday, September 24.—A piece of news
heard today interests me strongly. They say
that the air conditioned office or home staves
off baldness. The scalp is said to react more
readily to abnormal air conditions than any
other part of the skin. I am afraid the
news comes too late.

Saturday, September 25.—Now that the
Wagner-Steagall Bill has become the Hous-
ing Act of 1937, only thirty states out of
the forty-eight now have laws on their books
which will enable their municipalities to
authorize housing authorities. Without such
authorities, the municipalities are unable to
participate in benefits of the Act. Up to 1933
there were no states which had specifically
authorized local housing authorities. PWA
was largely responsible for bringing the
states into line with local housing laws, and
that administration even drew up model laws
which, in many cases, were adopted without
change.

Monday, September 27.—I_ was
Charles E. Peterson some time ago what
had become of the scheme for the Museum
of American Architecture in St. Louis, a
project which had been proposed as a suit-
able form of national memorial to Thomas
Jefferson. While nine million dollars has
been available for some time, legal snarls
and squabbles between various real estate
interests have put spokes in the wheels of
progress. Any idea involving such an elab-
orate piece of work is not likely to find
smooth sailing and be built in a hurry.

asking

There will have to be manifested an un-
mistakable desire of the public for a Jeffer-
son National Memorial in this particular
form.

Wednesday, September 29.—I wrote, a short
time ago, a number of letters to architects
widely scattered geographically, asking what
gives the most trouble after completion of
a building—wall tightness, heating, air con-
ditioning, floors, windows, or what? Strange

to report, with air conditioning, for ex-
ample, in the childhood period of technique,
and with electric wiring being elaborated
daily, the architects report that the main
difficulty still is keeping the water out. Roof-
ing, flashing, wall tightness still rank first
as trouble makers. Curious, that with all
our experimenting indoors, the shell still re-
mains the main source of trouble.

Thursday, September 30.—An architect
friend of mine was rebuking me severely
today for the publication of so much of what
he called “this modern tripe.” ‘The maga-
zines should realize their responsibility to
the profession as to what material they
elect to show. The profession at large forms
its estimate of what is being done in the
country almost exclusively from the pages
of its professional journals, and the mem-
bers pattern their individual output upon
these well publicized examples.

“You know and I know that all this talk
about function relates to a subject that is
no newer than the Pyramids—the architect
has been taught the principles of building
according to function ever since he was a
freshman. Having developed a really work-
able plan, his elevations should develop
themselves. If the plan is good, the eleva-
tions will be good.

“Nowadays some of these radical design-
ers seem to think that they must evolve a
bizarre plan rather than a simple one for
the sake of getting an exterior that looks
like nothing that has ever been built.”

All of which brings up the old question:
who establishes the character of a country’s
architecture? Certainly it is not the maga-
zines. Certainly it is not even the architects.
In the end, it is the public. They know little
about architecture, but they “know what they
like” and will have and pay for just that.
It seems to me that no individual architect
in history, and possibly no group of archi-
tects, has ever deliberately initiated a distinct
departure from the prevailing style. Of
course, there are being produced, constantly,
changes in the way of minor improvements,
a fresh development of established motives,
new and ingenious devices in planning—but
none of these things has ever been enough
to stop the march of a style and change its
direction. Architectural style has been well
likened to a broad river of steady flow.
Tributaries come into it, freshen it, perhaps
color it somewhat, but the river flows om
without abrupt change of character or pace.

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

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THE PORTFOLIO

Entrance Doorway Steps

PORTFOLIOS IN PREPARATION—Doorway Side-lights,
November . . . Resilient Floors, December . . . Roof
Textures, January . . . Rain Leader Heads, February

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ditor aK

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

Oakland, Calif.
Frederick H. Reimers

NUMBER 132 IN A SERIES OF COLLEC-
TIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATING
VARIOUS MINOR ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS

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Greenwich, Conn.

Frank J. Forster

Hempstead, N. Y.
Godwin, Thompson & Patterson

Glens Falls, N. Y.

Tooker & Marsh
Greenwich, Conn.

D. Everett Waid

Pleasantville, N. Y.

James Renwick Thomson

The Rectory, Old Warden
Northamptonshire, England

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Detroit, Mich.
Richard H. Marr

Bridgeport, Conn.
Charles W. Walker

Bedford Village, N. Y.
Godwin, Thompson & Patterson

Whitestone, N. Y.
Dwight James Baum

Port Washington, N. Y.
Paul Arnold Franklin

Short Hills, N. J.
Bernhardt E. Muller

Westport, Conn.

Burton Ashford Bugbee
Westfield, N. J.

Ray O. Peck

Hartsdale, N. Y.
Andrew J. Thomas

Red Bank, N. J.

Robert M. Carrere
PERIYAR? >"

Manhasset, N. Y.
DeWitt Clinton Pond

Kansas City, Mo.
Edward Buehler Delk

Summit, N. J.
Clark & Arms

Tuxedo, N. Y.
Walker & Gillette

Edward Devotion House

Brookline, Mass.

Tarboro, N. C.
Dwight James Baum

Red Bank, N. J.
Alfred Hopkins

Kansas City, Mo.
Edward Buehler Delk

Richmond, Va.
W. Duncan Lee

Pelham, N. Y.
Pliny Rogers

Goldens Bridge, N. Y.

Lewis Bowman

Kansas City, Mo.
Edward Buehler Delk

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Montclair, N. J.

Wallis & Goodwillie

Brook Haven, N. Y.

Wyeth & King

Greenwich, Conn.

Frank J. Forster

Syosset, N. Y.

Delano & Aldrich

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Cimarron, N. M.
Edward Buehler Delk

Bartlesville, Okla.
Edward Buehler Delk

Great Neck, N. Y.
Frank J. Forster

Cincinnati, O.
Garber & Woodward

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FAV ORI T E FEA TU RE S

Common problems of design in everyday practice—how the

results look and how the drafting-room detailed them

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OCTOBER

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

Ay

PHOTOS: SAMUEL H. GOTTSCHO

ona. -_
~ POET LORS

HOUSE OF DR. F. F. HARRISON, COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

Free adaptation of Colonial precedent, whether in wood, brick, or stone and wood

is commonplace for contemporary domestic buildings. Unfortunately, the results
are not always as successful as this example. One thing is very clearly indicated
by this superficial romanticism. American architects and their clients are no longer
preoccupied with an archeological approach to style, but are interested in develop-
ing an architecture for the America of today. Here warm colored stone is laid in
random ashlar while vertical siding and hand-split shingles are painted a harmoniz-
ing cream color. Blinds are blue green and the shingle roofing is in variegated grays

GREVILLE RICKARD, ARCHITECT

WILLIAM F. DREWRY, JR., ASSOCIATE

OCTOBER 1937

I~

L

Because the gardens and the pleasantest view are toward the rear, all

the main living rooms are on that side of the house. The projecting rear

wing shields the living terrace from the service wing. View (above, left) of
stairway, and (above, right) of corner fireplace and shelves in dining room

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER /93/

Hand-split shingles are used on the rear and side elevations. These add textural
interest to the otherwise simple and direct architectural treatment. Modern ameni-
ties, such as air conditioning, complete insulation, a thoroughly well-studied and
equipped kitchen including an incinerator, are somewhat belied by the interior de-
tail. However, the absence of picture molding and the simplicity of the woodwork

are noteworthy. This woodwork is pine and oak stained a dark tone to contrast
with the pre-tinted light buff plaster. Flooring is of oak in random width planks.

HOUSE OF DR. F. F. HARRISON, COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK

GREVILLE RICKARD, ARCHITECT; WILLIAM F. DREWRY, JR., ASSOCIATE

KK

PHOTO: VAN ANDA

1937 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 85

XUM

PHOTOS

86

SAMUEL H.

GOTTSCHO

Alt
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AMERICAN

A fine appreciation for rich textural contrasts is evi-
denced in both the exterior and the interior of this
house. The fireplace in the living room is red brick.
The hearth is of flagstone and the lintel is of oak.
The dentils under the shelf are red against black

HOUSE OF DR. F. F. HARRISON
GREVILLE RICKARD, ARCHITECT

WILLIAM F. DREWRY, JR., ASSOCIATE

ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER (93!

XUM

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N John Russell Pope American architec-
ture has lost an artist of authentic gifts,
who enriched it with works of abiding value.
At the time of his entrance to practice and
his first triumphs, this value was not ques-
tioned, indeed it was acclaimed almost uni-
versally. That was a moment of dominance
for the classical influence in America, then
newly won by the works of McKim, White,
and Wells, which derived strength and re-
levance from the heritage of the Early Re-
public. Then the only voices raised against
this dominance were those, powerful to be
sure, of two isolated artists of genius, Sullivan
and Wright, then crying in the wilderness.
Pope’s death comes at a different moment,
when the value of any neo-classic work is
called into question, not only by Wright, but
by a host of secondary men, themselves most-
ly imitators, followers, aping the creations
of a different school, who identify merit
solely with conformity to current tendencies.
As one who values only the creative ele-
ment in art, which alone, and rarely, gives
buildings valid claim to the precious distinc-
tion of being works of art, I must protest
against this equation of value with style.
Styles in themselves have no magic either to
confer or preclude merit. That is solely a
property of the personal gifts of the individ-
ual artist—to impress on the body of his
work, and on his individual works, an inner
coherence which fuses and crystallizes their
elements into new entities having henceforth
an independent life.

In the classical tendency of a generation
ago, with its emphasis on geometrical sim-
plicity of form, there were such artists and
such works, few as always, which alone gave
value to the movement. There were also, in
far greater number, as always, the throng
of men with no right to the title of artist,

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

JOHN RUSSELL POPE

1874-1937

By FISKE KIMBALL

competent builders perhaps, whose works
were no more works of art than are school-
boys’ Latin verses, with their collection of
classical tags.

No less, in the “functional” movement of
that time, the achievement was confined to
the leaders and to their works, in which a
vital form was achieved—works misunder-
stood by imitators and travestied by specula-
tive builders.

No less, too, the “international style”
of the present, the new form created by a
few leaders in France and Germany—form
quite as much abstract as suggested by func-
tion—is merely parroted and travestied by
most adherents and admirers.

True, at a given time in the history of art,
one trend is always waning, another waxing.
It is human for youth to identify value only
with the newer, to regard the older as worth-
less obstruction; just as it is human for age
to identify value only with the older trend,
to view the newer as subversive nonsense.
True, also, that in a new generation the
creative opportunity is with the
newer trend, in line with obscure but power-
ful forces of the new time; but it is just as
true that the creative spirit of the past gen-
eration will have expressed itself in quite
other ways. We need not expect the creative
artist himself to admit these axioms; the
great artist in his work must be a bigot, even
a fanatic, and is apt to be so in his thought.
His error, itself forgivable, is only in his
denial of the endless flux which brings his
own work into being; which will bring, after
him, not pursuit of his “style,” but necessar-
ily its renunciation; and which brought, be-
fore him, work which he abhors from a life-
time of struggle, yet which may equally have
its own coherence and individual value.

The position of an artist in the flux of his
time cannot itself determine the estimate of
him. We recognize the late Gothic builders
of Saint Maclou and of Beauvais, with their
ecstatic line, not less as authentic artists be-
cause the calm spatial music of the Renais-
sance masters had already begun.

The possibility of artistic creation with
traditional elements has indeed been often

greater

OCTOBER 1937

questioned, even as to the masters of the
Renaissance, yet only the fanatic can deny
that they achieved it. To the neo-classic
artists, still involved in the passions of con-
temporary struggle, it is harder to render
justice.
that veneration reserved only for the men
who inaugurated vast movements of funda-
mentally original character, like Michelan-
gelo, like the architects of Saint Denis, but
we can still judge them on the success of

They cannot hope, of course, for

their efforts to fuse the derivative elements
in new wholes, and thus in works of art
worthy of the name.

Such an artist was John Russell Pope.
His work was far removed from that of the
plan-factory in which classical motives served
chiefly as handy formulae, ready to be served
up in varying banal combinations with a
minimum of time and study. Nor was he, like
too many men masquerading as architects,
actually an entrepreneur, or
salesman.

promoter

ir
His mind and heart were directed
to an activity purely artistic. His designs
were ripened, matured, digested—transmut-
ing the elements into a work which was his
own.

It is well known that Pope was not alone
in his activity, that Otto Eggers and Daniel
Higgins formed with him
ordinary effectiveness. Indeed their abilities
that the uninformed may have
supposed that Pone’s relation to his office
was a distant and external

a team of extra-

were such
one, limited to
No one
who had exnerience with him could preserve
this misapprehension. Almost to the
day of his death his relation to his clients
and his buildings was one of full personal
and professional responsibility. His
ciates remain, not only to carry out his un-
finished projects, but to continue the prac-
tice in which their part was large.

occasional appearance as a critic.

very

asso-

Jack Pope is gone. We could have spared
the modernist pretenders who cling to the
skirts of the few giants of our day, as we
could have spared the multitude of classical
hacks of yesterday, rather than have lost the
sensitive master of form who was John Rus-

sell Pope.

87

TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL, RONEY'S POINT, WEST VIRGINIA HI
FREDERIC FARIS ARCHITECT |":
The first unsung genius who patted a piece of clay into brick form, with which to Illus
build, was the first prefabricator. Since then literally billions of bricks of all sizes, wide
colors and shapes have been used to build all kinds of buildings, in every possible J apje
style in nearly every country in the world. The reason for this is obvious. Brick —_
is not only an efficient and beautiful building material, but it is an incredibly flex- ae 4
ible one. Whether the discovery of the simple arch was due to the use of brick is th
: es
still an unsolved question. At any rate, brick contributed greatly in the develop-
ment of new structural forms and can be used for nearly every other building pur- mais
pose. So today, when there is a search for new forms to express our time, brick lend:
still plays a leading part. what
AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 AME

88

1A
CT

| to

ible
“ick
ex-
K 1S
( p-
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rick

1937

HIGH SCHOOL, FRUITA, COLORADO
tT. WM. BUELL & CO.,. ARCHITECTS

Illustrated on these and succeeding pages is the
wide range of architectural effect that is obtain-
able by the use of brick. Simplicity is the key-
note of the manner in which this material is used
for the Tuberculosis Hospital (facing page). In
the school building (above and right) the restraint
exercised in the use of brick as decoration
lends just the proper amount of interest to
what otherwise would be dull and uninteresting

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

4
ad

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KK COTO,

MEMORIAL AUDITORIUM, STERLING, COLORADO T. H. BUELL & CO., ARCHITECTS

RECENT EXAMPLES OF BRICK BUILD

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

POLICE STATION, WATERTOWN, MASS.
CHARLES G. LORING, ARCHITECT

INGS
|

OCTOBER !937

RES!

Flexil
istic «
ability
Audit
buildi
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Engla
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ciated

APA
BOR

AMER

pHOTO EDRICH-BLESSING

RESIDENCE, GLENVIEW, ILLINOIS WHITE & WEBER, ARCHITECTS

Flexibility of use has always been a character-
istic of brick, and is aptly expressed in its adapt-
ability to style as illustrated by the Memorial
Auditorium (facing page). As a material used in
buildings definitely of this decade and yet in har-
mony with surrounding traditions, the New
England police station (facing page) serves as
a good example. Either painted as in the resi-
dence above, or left natural as in the apart-
ment house (right), brick has long been asso-
ciated with the construction of shelter of man.

APARTMENT, BROOKLYN. NEW YORK
BORIS Ww. DORFMAN, ARCHITECT

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

91

XUM

TIME-SAVER
STANDARDS

Serial No. 90
OCTOBER 1937

Appearance, weathering properties and enduring strength of
brick masonry are closely linked to both the workmanship
employed in construction and the formation of joints, bonds
and patterns to create desired designs and textures. Principal
factors to be considered by the designer are summarized in
this sheet.

WORKMANSHIP

Good workmanship is an essential requirement to effective
performance of brick masonry, and is not incompatible with
speed of production. Tests conducted by the Bureau of Stand-
ards have shown that a wall constructed according to approved
principles will develop a strength 70% in excess of that of an
identical wall constructed in violation of these principles.
Nevertheless erection of the stronger wall was accomplished
in no greater time than required by the same mason for erec-
tion of the weaker wall.

The two essentials of good workmanship are flat bed joints
and complete filling of vertical joints.

Bed Joints. From the standpoint of strength alone, the flat
bed joint (Figure 2) is probably the most important single
factor. The unevén and irregular bedding characteristic of
the furrowed mortar bed (Figure 1) produces bending stresses
in the brick and causes local concentrations of load. A fur-
rowed mortar bed may, in addition, permit the entrance and
retention of moisture.

Vertical Joints. Proper treatment of vertical joints in accordance
with the purpose for which a wall is used will basically affect
the appearance, durability, resistance to water penetration and
strength of the wall. Types of joints include: (a) Shoved
Joints, (b) Grouted Joints, (c) Open Joints.

Shoved Joints are made by pressing brick downward and side-
wise on a bed of mortar slightly thicker than required for
the finished joint. This causes the mortar to rise and fill the
vertical joints. Shoved joints are strong and watertight.

Grouted Jointsare made by filling vertical joints with a grout
made of the bed mortar with water and cement added. Grouted
brickwork accomplishes much the same purpose as shoved
brickwork at lower cost. Outside withes are laid with trowel
mortar on beds and with vertical joints buttered, thus form-
ing a barrier to keep the grouts from trickling over the face
of the masonry.

Open Joints may be used in the interior course or back of an
exterior wall where joints exposed to the weather are shoved,
or in the full thickness of an interior partition. Every fifth
course should be a header course with filled joints. Walls built
with open joints are cheaper to lay, dry more quickly, and are
amply strong for ordinary loads.

Thickness of Joints. Joint thickness affects to some extent the
strength of the wall. Although no definite relationship has

been proven, walls with thin joints tend to have a somewhat

it

ae es
atta

aa “St a

BRICK MASONRY-I-—Workmanship and Textures

FIGURE |, at the extreme left, shows an ir
proper method of making mortar beds. T
furrowed mortar will not spread sufficiently +
adhere evenly to brick. FIGURE 2, cent
shows flat bed joints essential for props
strength and bond

FIGURE 3, below, illustrates common treat
ment of exposed joints: (1) weathered,

flush, (3) "V" joint, (4) concave. All are
superior in weather-resistive qualities to struck
joints (not illustrated), which are similar to No.
| except that mortar faces slope inward from

too to bottom

at

S
‘

higher strength. For standard brick, a %” joint is most useful
in forming patterns and bonds, since two headers plus the
joint exactly equal the length of the stretcher. %” and %”
joints are used extensively, the difference in unit length of
a stretcher and two headers plus joint being compensated by
variations in the width of the vertical joints. Brick masonry
walls with %" joints and over require more time for erection.

Exposed Joints. The color, section and texture of joints will
affect to a marked degree the interest and quality of the fin-
ished wall. Color of the joints should be kept uniform despite
gradations in the brick shading. Dark colored mortar tends
to subdue shadows and deepens the tone of the wall. Light or
natural colored mortar gives a play of brilliant shadows.

Texture of the joint may resemble that of the brick or con-
trast with it, and is controlled by the use of a steel or wood
surfacing tool, and the use of coarse sand or fine gravel in
the mortar mix. Four types of exposed joints are illustrated in
Figure 3. Tooled joints (types 3 and 4) which compress and
spread the mortar after it has set slightly, produce the best
weathering properties.

(1) Weathered Joint. This is formed as a plain cut joint, fin-
ished with the trowel after the mortar has slightly stiffened.
Each course of brick will throw a horizontal line of shadow
along the wall. It is a water-shedding, low cost joint, much to
be preferred over the struck joint (not illustrated).

(2) Flush or Plain Cut Joint. This is formed by cutting sur-
plus mortar from the face of the wall. If a rough texture is
desired, the joint must not be manipulated with the trowel.
For an extremely rough joint, the surface may be tapped with
the end of a rough cut piece of wood after the mortar has
slightly stiffened.

(3) “V" Joint. This is similar in method of forming and per-
formance to the Concave Joint. It should be formed with a
special tool, but may roughly be made with a square-edged
board, rubbed at an angle along the joint.

(4) Concave Joint. This is best formed with a special tool or
a bent iron rod. It is weather resistive and inexpensive.

(5) Struck Joint. This is the most simply formed of all joints
and is widely used for interior walls. Its use for exterior walls
is not recommended, however, because its weather resistive
qualities are distinctly inferior to the other joints illustrated.

PROTECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION

The absorption of excessive moisture during construction
should be carefully avoided. Unfinished walls should be cov-
ered at night with canvas, tar paper or boards as a protection
against weather. Where concrete or reinforced brick slabs are
built simultaneously with the walls, the wash from their sur-
faces should not be permitted to come in contact with the wall
face. During freezing weather, bricks should be thoroughly
dry and free from ice when laid.

Ru
joi
at
of

XUM

BRICK MASONRY-Il-—Workmanship and Textures

Textures in brickwork (left to right): Smooth brick of hand molded type
x.

y
with concave tooled joints; over-burned brick with rough, contra

CLEANING COMPLETED BRICKWORK

Care in building exposed brick surfaces will limit the amount
of cleaning necessary. No job is finished, however, until it has
been thoroughly cleaned and washed down. A 5@% solution of
muriatic acid should be used where necessary for cleaning
brickwork or washing away efflorescence, followed by a wash-
ing with clear water.

TEXTURE

Texture in brickwork is the product of the character of the
bond or integral pattern, type and color of joints, color range
of the brick or the use of whitewash and other paint coating,
and the employment of irregular or special brick shapes. Each
of these is capable of wide variation, and an almost limitless
range of surface textures is therefore possible.

Bond is the controlling factor in determining surface pattern.
Primarily for the purpose of binding the wall together so that
it will act as a unit in resisting stress, bond serves the addi-
tional purpose of forming geometric patterns on the wall sur-
face. This influences both the quality of the brickwork and
the character of the architectural design.

There are three basic bonds, and wide variations of each:

Running or Stretcher Bond is made up of stretchers with
joints broken on centers. Each alternate course has a header
at the corner. This bond is weak transversely, because of lack
of headers.

Common Bond is a variety of running bond with every fifth,
sixth, or seventh course a header course, either “full” (all
headers) or “Flemish” (alternate headers and stretchers).

A three-quarter brick is used to start each header course
at the corner of the wall. Other courses need not be cut at
the corners to make them break joint. Joints are lined per-
pendicularly for exposed walls; for unexposed work consider-
able variation in joint placing will not affect bond.

Common bond is the most widely used of all bonds, and is the
lowest in cost for solid walls.

Flemish Bond is made up of rows of alternate headers and
stretchers. This kind is widely used due to the ease with which
it is laid, and its attractive appearance. Double Stretcher

Pattern brickwork in which bond is emphasized by use of contrasting

headers. Basket-weave, herringbone and other patterns are also common

COPYRIGHT 1937 BRICK MFRS. ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

AMERICAN ARCHITE

TIME-SAVER

STANDARDS

Serial No. 90
OCTOBER 1937

Flemish Bond and Garden Wall Bond are variations of Flem-
ish, and use two stretchers followed by a header in each course.
In Double Stretcher Flemish bond, the joint between the pairs
of stretchers is a blind or invisible joint.

COLOR EMPHASIS

The basic pattern determined by the bond may be further
accentuated by color emphasis in the brick, or color variation
may be used to emphasize irregularity in surface texture. Hard-
burned or “clinker” bricks may be used at random, or in geo-
metric pattern, for specific accents.

Mortar Texture may be controlled to approximate the texture
of the brick or contrast with it. Mortar color may likewise
contrast or blend with brick color. The section of mortar
joints may be used to accentuate the surface pattern, as in
recessed joints, or subdue it, as in extruded joints.

INTEGRAL PATTERN

Bond pattern may be varied by diamond, herring bone, basket
weave and other simple patterns. These may be further ac
cented by alternating courses of recessed and projecting brick,
adding the play of light and shade to the other elements of
surface texture. The inherent possibilities for decorative varia-
tion in brickwork are almost limitless.

SURFACE COATING

Whitewashed and painted brickwork has long been used for
certain types of architectural effect. The irregular weathering,
characteristic of such painted surfaces, produces additional
variation in surface texture.

SKINTLED BRICKWORK

A wide variety of informal and coarse-textured patterns is
possible through the use of irregular and warped bricks, or
through irregular aligning and placing of bricks according to
a studied or haphazard design, known as Skintled Brickwork.

For more comprehensive data on brick construction, textures,
bonds, etc., see publications of Brick Manufacturers Associa-
tion of America, Cleveland, Ohio, from which data presented
here have been derived.

TIME-SAVER

STANDARDS

Serial No. 91
OCTOBER 1937

PURPOSE

Vertical construction of brick falls into
two broad classes—solid masonry and
hollow masonry. Solid brick walls and
piers have maximum strength, durability
and fire resistance. They are normally
used for foundations and for all heavy
load bearing structures. Hollow walls of
brick built with air spaces between
withes use less material, are lighter and
somewhat less strong, but offer econo-
mies and advantages which suit them to
residential work and similar light load
construction. The air space within
hollow walls is designed to increase the
overall insulation value of the masonry,
and when so arranged as to permit con-
densation and seepage to drain off, may
produce a drier wall than one of equiva-
lent thickness built of solid construction.

FOUNDATIONS

Brick foundations should normally be
of solid construction. All joints should
be filled, either by trowel work through-
out, or by grouting the interior joints
after the face joints (bed and vertical)
have been made with the trowel.

All masonry foundation walls below
grade should be dampproofed or water-
proofed according to soil conditions and
the possibility of hydrostatic pressure
from ground water. In all cases founda-
tion walls should have footing drains ex-
tending around the exterior at the foot-
ing level and carried to an outfall below
the footing level.

Foundation walls that are not normally
exposed to hydrostatic pressure may be
dampproofed against capillary action by
either of two methods: 1—Two or more
brush coatings of cutback asphalt ap-
plied hot or cold to the exterior face of
the wall according to the manufacturer’s
instructions, and preferably protected
against backfill by a cement mortar
coating; 2—A plaster coat of one part
Portland cement to 2 parts sand may be
applied to the exterior face and thor-
oughly troweled to a hard smooth finish.

Foundation walls below grade that are
subject to any hydrostatic pressure
whatever should be waterproofed by
either the plaster coat method or by
membrane waterproofing according to
the designer’s judgment in view of exist-
ing conditions. The plaster coat method
involves the application of two or more
coats of Portland cement mortar with
admixtures of iron oxide compounds pre-
pared for this purpose. Manufacturers’
instructions should be followed accur-
ately. The iron oxide plaster cast should
be applied on the exterior face when
conditions permit but may be applied on
the inner face if no subsequent construc-
tion will interrupt its continuity or im-
pair its bond.

Membrane waterproofing consists of
alternate layers of asphalt and asphalt-
saturated felt. This is employed where
severe water conditions are encountered.
The membrane must be continuous
across the floor, through the foundation,
and up the outside of the walls, and must
be supported by masonry construction
designed to resist the hydrostatic pres-
sures which may occur.

BRICK MASONRY—2—Walls and Foundations

RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS
FOR BRICK AND MORTAR

Brick—All brick used in brick masonry
(except reinforced brick construction)
should be of a quality meeting the
requirements of the A.S.T.M. tentative
specification C62-37T for grade MW
brick. Where exposed to. severe
weathering and frost action, use
Grade SW. Quality of brick may be
specified by requiring that all brick be
sound, hard burned, free from cracks
and other defects and having a mini-
mum compressive strength of 2,500
pounds per square inch. Such brick
usually produce a metallic resonant
ring when struck together.

up or core brick in exterior walls may
be salmon or underburned brick if
permitted by local codes.

Mortar for Brickwork, For load bear-
ing walls above grade, mortar should
be proportioned by volume, one part
cement, one lime, six sand. For in-
creased weathertightness in walls
above grade, with slight reduction in
total strength, the ratio may range
up to one part cement, two lime, nine
sand. For load bearing walls and
piers, above or below grade, use four
parts cement, one lime, twelve sand.

Mortar for Grouted Masonry
When ordinary brick work has in-
terior vertical joints grouted, the
grout may be made of the bed mortar
with additional water and cement in
the proportion of one bag of cement
to each 6 gallons of additional water
(or 4 lbs. cement to 1 qt. water).
Mortar constituents: Portland ce-
ment should be of standard brand;
meeting A.S.T.M. Specification C9-30;
highly plastic lime meeting A.S.T.M.
Specifications C6-31 (hydrated) or C5-
26 (quick lime); sand clean, sharp and
well graded to include fine, medium
and coarse grains.

Interior brick partitions and back-

FIG. 1

FOUNDATIONS

Asphalt

Felt

i Cement
~<—+—- protecting
? coat
;
wt
Waterproofing
carried under
entire floor
-
224 Plaster

oe Plaster base
Continuous boards

to form gutter.

2 i Removed after
Zi masonry |s

il of Finished.

Z ‘ Za 5
| ~R
A

Concrete slab
Cinder fill ¥ Tile drain

Condensation gutter

Brick footing where necessary

HOLLOW WALLS

Where hollow construction is desired
in superstructures in order to gain the
advantages of intervening air space or to
reduce cost due to the reduction in ma-
terials the designer has a choice of a
wide variety of types that have been
tested in practice. In general these fall
into three classes: Rolok walls, cavity
or barrier walls, ribbed (economy) walls.

Rolok-type Hollow Walls. The term
rolok implies a construction in which
part or all of the brick used in a wall are
laid on edge rather than on their flat
beds. In Fig. 2 are shown 8” and 12%”
all-rolok walls in which all brick are on
edge except the through headers used for
bonding purposes; 8” and 12%” all-rolok
walls in Flemish bond in which even the
header brick are laid on edge and create
a Flemish bond pattern on the exterior
face; 8’ and two types of 12%” rolok-
back walls in which the outer withe is
of brick laid flat in common bond and

the inner withe or withes are of brick
laid on edge. The difference between
standard and heavy-duty construction is
indicated in the diagrams.

Barrier Walls consist of two independent
withes of brick separated by an air space
and transversely bonded by rigid metal
wall ties imbedded in the horizontal
mortar joints. This type of construction
has been developed with the primary ob-
jective of having a continuous air space
between the inner and outer surfaces to
increase insulation value and, in some
instances, to permit plastering directly
on the inner face of the wall with a
minimum likelihood of dampness pene-
trating to the plaster through the outer
surfaces.

Two types of barrier or cavity wall
construction may be used. One employs
brick laid flat in both withes with a cen-
tral air space of approximately 2’ to
form a 9%” wall. The other has one

XUM

BRICK MASONRY —2—Walls and Foundations

AMERICAN ARCHITECT

TIME-SAVER
STANDARDS

Serial No. 91
OCTOBER 1937

my ey i te
H Sod Bai Bt
] = 7 6
O WO od & i i =o
O = O00 Boo =
ceual —- -
as 8" ALL 12° ALL 12¥2" ROLOK 122" ROLOK Q!
BAL “ek gta aie grrotox '% 4 ees
aes FLEM, BOND payne ton Pa temienaned ECONOMY = WALL

FIGC.2—- TYPES OF HOLLOW WALLS

4 3

ISOMETRIC

W DOUBLE -HUNG
DOOR WINDOW IN
DETAILS ALL ROLOK WALL

FIG. 3—ROLOK WALLS

FIG. 4—ECONOMY WALLS

withe of brick laid flat and one with
brick laid on edge, generally employing a
2” air space to create a wall having an
overall thickness of 8”.

In both cases bond is effected by Z- or
U-shaped metal tie rods as shown in the
details at the right. Tests indicate that
this type of construction has adequate
strength to support all normal types of
residences of not over two stories and
parapet height.

Care must be taken during construc-
tion of cavity walls to keep mortar from
dropping into the air space and filling
the lower end of the cavity. Dampproof-
ing courses must be included at the
foundation and roof levels, and at all
window and door heads and sill levels.
This dampproofing course normally must
be laid in alternating courses so as to
pitch any water within the cavity to-
ward the outside wall where weep holes
may be provided.

Ribbed or Economy Walls consist of a
single withe of brick laid flat in common
bond reinforced vertically by 8’ piers

COPYRIGHT 1937 BRICK MFRS. ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

formed of headers. The ribs thus created
serve as furring strips to which wire
lath or structural insulating board may
be attached to receive plaster on the
inner face. Details of construction are
shown in Fig. 4. Note that founda-
tions are carried up as solid construction
and that piers are thickened where nec-
essary to support concentrated floor
loads. This construction is suitable for
garages, bungalows and other 1 or 1%
story buildings where local building
ordinances permit.

Openings in Hollow Walls may be de-
tailed substantially as shown in Fig. 3.
Standard door and window casings and
trim are normally employed, backed by
fillers of brick or blocking to close off
the hollow space and to form the neces-
sary nailing points.

The details and recommendations pre-
sented herewith were supplied by Brick
Manufacturers Association of America,
Cleveland, Ohio. This organization has
supplementary literature available to
architects on request.

Fir
Base-

y—) a
TRERL

=
=

© O00 a") FS

“4 .
®9o
*o
9

Q
»

)
id on
\' 2 Yat 9°

U SY bd8/ B
ee a
oL Gp a
A a
o vs
» J VU
b USS 3 Dov

.
&~

.

i>

FIG 5S
O¥2" BARRIER WALL

AMERICAN ARCHITECT

TIME-SAVER

STANDARDS

Serial No. 92
OCTOBER 1937

PROPERTIES AND USES

Reinforced brick masonry is a struc-
tural medium of particular usefulness
where brick textures, bonds and charac-
teristic joint work are desired on exposed

exceed 16%. These requirements corre-
spond to grade M of Federal Specification
SS-B-656, grade B of A.S.T.M. Standard
Specification C62-30, or grade MW of the
tentative A.S.T.M. Specification C62-37T.

REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY- Design and Tables

running bond in the same mortar and
grout mixture used or proposed to be
used. Prisms are tested in a vertical posi-
tion with bricks in end compression.
Average ultimate 28-day compressive
strength for each set of three prisms

surfaces, or where the relatively light Mortar mix ordinarily satisfactory for should be not less than 2% times allow-
weight of reinforced brickwork and its RBM. contains (by weight): 1 part highly able (design) compressive strength (f)
structural economy offer advantages over plastic lime putty, 5 parts Portland
heavier masonry of equivalent strength. cement, 15 parts well graded sand. Vol- DESIGN

In normal building services, reinforced ume equivalents are approximately:

brick masonry finds advantageous use in
floors (especially for porches, stoops, bal-
conies and rooms where exposed brick-
work is desired); in beams and lintels
supporting other brickwork; for columns
and piers; arches and domes; for retain-
ing walls; and for circular structures
such as silos, towers, storage bins, chim-
neys, sewers and conduits.

Properly designed, reinforced brick
masonry combines the characteristics of
reinforced concrete with the durability,
appearance values, and weathering quali-
ties of brickwork. Ie requires horizontal
forms, which need not be watertight.

1:44:16. Prepare lime putty according to
manufacturer’s directions at least 24
hours (preferably 21 days) before using.
Mix cement and water, add lime putty
and asnd and mix thoroughly. Allow

mortar to stand 30 to 45 minutes before

working again and using.

Grout. It is recommended that grout be
used wherever possible in interior vertical
joints. This grout shall be composed of
the same proportions for mortar recom-

mended above, with the usual amount of-

water for normal plasticity, to which is
added sufficient cement and water to pro-
duce a consistency that will flow. The
additional cement and water is in the

In general, reinforced brick masonry is
designed in accordance with the same
principles followed by reinforced con-
crete construction and follows the same
theory, whereby the steel takes tensile
stresses and masonry the compressive
stresses: the two acting together. For
complete data on theory and detailed
methods of design, see “Brick Engineer-
ing, Volume III, Reinforced Brick Ma-
sonry” by Hugo Fillippi, and other liter-
ature published by the Brick Manufac-
turers Association of America.

Design Tables. Normal design problems
encountered in building construction
may be solved by the use of accompany-

MATERIALS ratio of one bag of cement to six gal. of ing charts and tables. Table 1 shows safe
; ' water, or 4 lb. cement to 1 qt. water. live loads uniformly distributed for slabs
As in all structural design, the ultimate an ; “3 :
f St , , . 3% thick (one brick on edge) with
strength and total weight of reinforced eel. Reinforced steel should conform to reinforcement in one direction. Table 2

brick masonry is governed by the
properties of the elements employed.

Brick. Any standard well-burned brick,
normally suitable for construction work,
may be employed. Minimum require-
ments are: Compressive strength, 2,000
lbs. per square inch for average of five
tests; modulus of rupture, individual
minimum 300 lbs., average of five tests
450 lbs.; absorption determined by full
immersion in water for 24 hours, 70 F,
individual minimum 4%, individual maxi-
mum 20%, average of five tests not to

A.S.T.M. specifications according to the
type of steel used, which may be concrete
reinforcing bars, cold drawn steel, wire
or other approved reinforcing steel,
including expanded metal and welded
fabrics for light slab loadings.

Testing. Whereas cylinders are tested as
an indication of the compressive strength
of concrete, the field test specimen for
RBM is a prism, usually 8” square and
approximately 25” long. The prism is
built of unselected brick from the stock
pile, laid horizontally as stretchers in

shows safe live loads for a slab 6%” thick.
Conservative values for the compres-
sive strength of brick masonry (f») have
been used with three values for the ten-
sile strength of steel (fs). The loads indi-
cated above the double lines will require
hooked ends for bond and bars bent up
for diagonal tension, as indicated on the
sketch. Slabs designed as continuous will
require additional rods near the top for
negative moment over intermediate sup-
ports. The weight of reinforced brick
masonry is taken as 125 lb. per cu. ft.

| - SAFE LOADS for R.B.M. 3%’ SLABS

210 |_275 300 | 245 | 320 375 | 280 | 375 | 450
150 | 195 250 | 190 | 250 310 | 210 20 | 350 | 4 210 | 245

LA

d 3%" \
IAD BAB ARLY Uniform Live Loads in Lb. per Sq. Ft.
MAI Z| f,=16,000,. %=500 | #=18,000, f,=600 | f,=20,000, f,=700 | #£,=18,000, f,=600 '
2% be Fe 6 s b . b ‘ et:
™ 7 a .s n=20; d=3" n=18; d=3" n=15; d=3" | n=18, d=2%
3% SLAB a{l,sp]|cfalfst{e alsp{[cfalstifie
i 3 | 620 | 790 950 | 700 | 990 | i080 | 620 | 780 | 940
ee 4 330 425 500 380 | 480 590 430 550 670 330 420 490
B = End spans 5 200 260 320 230 295 365 260 340 | 410 200 250 300
C = Continuous spans 6 125 165 200 145 195 240 170 220 275 125 160 200
ihc ieiiiiiinntinien en staal tom 7 | 8 | 100 | 140 | 9% | 13 | 150 | 115 | 150 | 18 | 8 | 100 [ 130
sq. ft 8 50 75 100 65 90 115 79 105 135 50 75 100
f,= compressive unit stress in brick 9 “3 63 & “ se 100
ine, &. 10 2 | 45 60 | 36 54 73
n = mod. elasticity (steel) divided by Il - SAFE LOADS for R.B.M. 6," SLABS
d. elasticity (brick) ; : :
‘ i s _ ye es een Uniform Live Loads in Lb. per Sq. Ft.
= depth, top of slab to & tensio
naa z es f,=500; n=20 f,= 600; m=18 f,= 700; n=18 CANTILEVER
For loads above double lines, hook tension a .€ f, = 16,000 f, = 18,000 f, = 20,000 (Section inverted
bars at ends, to improve bond and add bent Steel near top)
bars for diagonal tension Loads below double A 6 c A 8 c A 8 c tn
lines require straight tension bars only. 5 650 830 1000 745 950 1150 875 1050 1300 f= 500 fo=600
a: a aoe 6 | 425 | sso | 675 | 490 | 630 | 775 [| 565 | 720 | 875 | Span | TRoo9 | 18 000
26" Lo p88 ae Bale aie Be 7 | 300 | 350 475 | 345 | 440 550 | 400 500 | 625 n=20 | n=18
3 8
9

>

_ 10 | 10 | 150 | 200 | 45 | 180 | 230 | 160 | 25 [ 27 | 4-6") 180 | 180
u | 8 | us [ 150 | 10 | 140 | 180 | 120 | 160 | 20 | * 0 | 135
12 55 = | us | 7 | mo | m5 | 90 | 125 | 16 | 56" | 80 | 100
3 | 39 | 65 9 | so | 8 | m0 | 6 | 10 | 135 | & 95 70
4} 24 45 7 | 35 | 60 a 3 | 15 | 86") 3 | 9 =

COP

AMERICAN ARCHITECT

TIME-SAVER
STANDARDS

Ser al No. 92

REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY -Design and Tables OCTOBER 1937

11 - 8"x14" R.B.M. BEAMS AND LINTELS, 5 Courses Deep

5000 > Seaann

4500 -- ,
wot AZ
3500 -—— Ws Vs
All joints are 4, except
+— one with tension rods
_— which is 1" r

f,=500 | 6 f

f, = 16,000 Js
2500 n =20 \

2000

1500

1000

Safe Uniform Load in Ibs. per linear ft., including wt. of beam

500

Number and Siz

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

Design of Beams. Chart Nos. III and IV
show safe loads for two sizes of R.B.M.
beams: 8” x 14” and 8” x 19”, for spans
ranging from 3 to 16 feet. Beam sizes
are nominal and will vary slightly with
number of brick courses and thicknesses
of joints. Stirrups (%4” and %” round)
in either Z or U shape are used to over-
come diagonal tension. These are usually
spaced 8%” and 44" on center to fit into
mortar joints. Stirrups may be closer,
breaking header brick if necessary.

The charts show the stirrup spacing
required at the supports for various
loads. No stirrups are required below
line A-A. If the design load comes be-
tween two lines, use the smaller spacing,
placing the first stirrup half this spacing
from the support and gradually increas-
ing the spacing, not to exceed half the
depth of beam. The distance from the
support at which no stirrups are neces-
sary may be determined from the chart.
For example, assume a span of 7 ft. with
a total uniform load of 1700 lb./ft. includ-
ing weight of beam. Using Chart IV, it
is noted that five %” round bars are
required and the minimum stirrup spac-
ing had better be made 414” as indicated
by line C-C. The distance from O to line
C-C (OC) represents half the span (1/2)

] CA
and — xX - is the distance from the
2 oc
support at which no stirrups are neces-
] Cc
sary. At a distance . from the
2 OC
support, the stirrup space may be
increased to 8%”.

All data contained herein have been
supplied by the Brick Manufacturers
Association of America, Cleveland, Ohio.
Tables and charts have been copyrighted.

wy

IV - 8"x19" R.B.M. BEAMS AND LINTELS, 7 Courses Deep

B Cc

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

Safe Uniform Load in Ibs. per linear ft., including wt. of beam

& 2 -
2 Fe
so 6 j= So |
Number and =2}5 *alG 7.0/2
. naa - o
Size of Bars 1 /"2 1 | "x are
als +! ol

4 - Yq?

Ag

0.785

=0.442

As?

"g
4-',

"9
2

| ae
° =16
8s ’
eS n =18
"
<

3500

r-
3000 ZZ
D ey Stirrups

2000
Zp
1500 yt

oOo 0 wou
c KL
1000
B Normal joints allow 44%'and 814"
spacing. For closer spacing, break
500 headers and group two or more

in the 4%'space

Bottom joint is 1" all others 4"
J 2

COPYRIGHT 1937 BRICK MFRS. ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

BOOKS FOR THE ARCHITECT'S LIBRARY

Note: Readers desiring to secure copies of any publications
mentioned below are advised to have their local bookseller
obtain them, or write to the publisher, either directly or
in care of AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE

THREE HUNDRED YEARS OF FRENCH ARCHITECTURE, 1494-1794.
By Sir Reginald Blomfield. 130 pages, 6 by 8!/4 inches. Illustra-
tions from photographs. Printed in Great Britain. London: 1937:
Alexander Maclehose & Co. Available in America from The Mac-
millan Co. $3.

Sir Reginald has attempted many formidable tasks in his
architectural writings, but perhaps none so staggering as this
particular section of French architecture. To crowd into one
hundred thirty pages the history of Blois, Fontainebleau.
Chenonceaux, the Trianon, Vaux-le-Vicomte, and a host of
other such architectural achievements, required balanced
knowledge and discrimination that few other than Sir Regi-
nald could have brought to the task. The work is intended,
of course, for the general reader, Sir Reginald having him-
self produced his four volume “History of French Architec-
ture,” covering the more technical details.

SHEET COPPER. 1/30 pages, 8!/> by II inches. Illustrations from draw-
ings and photographs. Flexible board binding. New York: 1937:
Copper & Brass Research Association.

A handbook for architects and sheet metal workers, deal-
ing with the application of sheet copper in the construction
of buildings. This is a second edition, superseding previous
handbooks on the subject, such as the various editions of
“Copper Roofings” and “Copper Flashings.” The informa-
tion is compactly presented, the detail drawings well adapted
to the architect’s purpose, and there are added specifications
in the various branches which have been prepared from a
background of wide experience. Practically everything that
an architect would need to know about copper in construc-
tion is to be found between these covers.

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HOUSING. 286 pages, 6!/4 by 9!/4
inches. Illustrations from diagrams. Philadelphia: 1937: The Ameri-
can Academy of Political and Social Science. $2.50, cloth; $2.00,
paper.

The March 1937 issue of The Annals of The American
Academy of Political and Social Science is given over to
this subject. It is a broad survey of housing problems chiefly
in our own land, but also abroad. Many of the well known
names among writers and other authorities on housing are
found herein attached to some particular phase of the sub-
ject: Newman, Vinton, Lewis, Holden, Colean, Wood,
Woodbury, Ihlder, among others.

AIR CONDITIONING IN THE HOME. By Elmer Torok. 296 pages,
6 by 9 inches. Illustrations from graphs and diagrams. New York:
1937: The Industrial Press. $3.

The author has attempted the rather difficult task of making

a book that will serve not only the architects and engineers,

but the home owner as well. Naturally, therefore, the text and

general manner of presentation are rather more informal and
less condensed than in the usual exposition of a technical
subject.

HOUSING OFFICIALS' YEARBOOK, 1937. Edited by Coleman
Woodbury. 212 pages, 6 by 9 inches. Chicago: 1937: National
Association of Housing Officials. $3.

Under the editorship of Coleman Woodbury, this year-
book is rapidly gaining recognition as the official annual
survey of our progress toward better housing. With the
torrential flow of articles, surveys, opinions on the subject

of housing, an authoritative annual survey of this kin js
particularly useful. Among those who have contributed are:
Gray, McDonald, Fahey, Alexander, Longan, Bauer, Blouke,
Maslen, Augur, and others, as well as Coleman Woodbury.
In addition to a valuable glossary of housing terms, there is
again included a directory of housing agencies—fedecral,
state, national, and municipal.

ACCELERATED WEATHERING TESTS OF MINERAL - SURFACED
ASPHALT SHINGLES. By Hubert R. Snoke and Braxton E,
Gallup. Research paper RPI002. 28 pages, 6 by 9!/p inches. tlus-
trations from photographs. Pamphlet binding. Washington, D. C::
1937: United States Department of Commerce. 10 cents.

THE END OF DEMOCRACY. By Ralph Adams Cram. 262 paces,
6 by 9 inches. Boston: 1937: Marshall Jones Company. $3.

Dr. Cram is always provocative in his writing, and cer-
tainly no less so when he steps outside of his profession,
and surveys the present social and political framework. The
basis of this most interesting volume is an examination of
the fundamental question, “Is it possible, with an unlimited
privilege of the ballot, to achieve a progressive and stable
government?” We think today of the universal ballot as the
foundation stone of democracy. It was not thus when our
Republic was founded, for the franchise was limited to men
of property—those, who, it was assumed, had a superior
intelligence which would make for the better government
of all.

A GUIDE TO ESTHETICS. By Aram Torossian. 344 pages, 6 by 9
inches. Illustrated with three or four photographs. Stanford Uni-
versity, Calif.: 1937: Stanford University Press. $3.25.

A penetrating analysis of why we think of an object as
beautiful or ugly. The author, who is assistant professor of
architecture at the University of California, is not content
with this, however, but discusses with great erudition the
means to develop an intelligent appreciation and enjoy-
ment of art in its many forms, including, of course, the
mother of the arts, architecture. An excellent text book
for instruction in esthetics and art appreciation, the work
should also serve to help the general reader to a larger
analysis of esthetics, and incidentally, to a wider knowledge
of the many phases and comparative values of various
methods of art expression.

THE NEW ARCHITECTURE IN MEXICO. By Esther Born. (60
pages, 9 by 12 inches. Illustrations from photographs and plans.
New York: 1937: The Architectural Record. $3.50.

There is a new approach to the subject here. Mrs. Born,
the wife of Ernest Born, architect, and a trained and gifted
photographer in her own right, looks at the new architec-
ture in Mexico, not with the eyes of an archaeologist or an
architectural stylist, but with the eyes of one who is in-
terested in the social and creative aspects of a new move-
ment. For Mexico unquestionably has awakened, and has
tackled with a new vigor the building to mect twentieth
century needs by twentieth century methods. The book
touches also upon contemporary painting and sculpture. In
view of what is apparently an impending stampede of archi-
tects and students to the country south of us, Mrs. Born’s
book should form a valuable aid in pointing out some of the
more important things that should be seen there

WICK TEST FOR EFFLORESCENCE OF BUILDING BRICK. By John
W. McBurney and Douglas E. Parsons. Research paper RPI0I5
8 pages, 6 by 9!/p inches. Illustrated with a photograph. Pamphlet
binding. Washington, D. C.: 1937: United States Department of
Commerce. 5 cents.

98 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

er
ge
US

john
015

yhlet
fc

1937

XUM

OF DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

where live loads
are light

Knickerbocker Village, in New York City. John S. Van Wart, Architect; Alexander D. Crosett, Engineer;
Fred F. French Company, Genera! Contractors; Harris Structural Steel Company, Fabricators.

HEREVER live load ratings are relatively low,
Bethlehem Light Sections open the way to definite
economies in the use of steel in floor construction. A
typical example of their effective use is found in the
floor beams of Knickerbocker Village in New York.
In this installation their strength and dimensions made
it possible to keep floor slabs within economical limits
and materially reduce the total tonnage of steel.
Bethlehem Light Sections were developed to supple-
ment the familiar Wide-Flange Sections and to be used
wherever loads do not utilize the full capacity of regular

heavy sections of depth called for by the span. They are
rolled of the same grade of steel and to essentially the
same shapes as Wide-Flange Sections, with ample thick-
ness of metal in web and flange to comply with all build-
ing code requirements. In addition to their use as floor
beams, Light Sections are used effectively as columns in
upper stories, as struts between columns and as purlins
in roof construction.

Complete data and the advice of Bethlehem engineers on
the most efficient and economical use of Bethlehem Light
Sections are always available to interested architects.

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER

1937 99

TECHNICAL

KEY TO PRESENTATION

Typical refererce: 15 O'37:14-26 gptv

This indicates: Issue of October 15, 1937,
pages 1/4 to 26, inclusive, presented according
to the following key:

d—detail drawing g—graph p—plan
s—section t—text v—photo view
Accordingly, gptv means graph(s)}, plans(s),
text and photographic view(s) in the article
mentioned.

Norte: Readers desiring to secure copies of
any publications mentioned herein are advised
to have their local bookseller obtain them, or
write to the periodical of origin, either directly
or in care of AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND
ARCHITECTURE.

COLOR

Colour Pro Domo. (Ozenfant). Architectural
Review (London). Ag'37:77-80 tv

Application of color to mural decora-
tion in modern architecture. Important
news to some designers and critics that
modern work need not restrict function
to physical needs—that beauty is a func-
tion of architecture. Portable murals are
advocated, a more careful use of mate-
rials, and the use of mural reliefs and
tapestries. The latter are completely non-
reflective without loss of coloring power.

The figure illustrations are in an un-
familiar vocabulary of form and line, lack
color, and will not be pleasing to a
majority. No one should fail to recog-
nize, however, the amazing care taken to
gain textural effects.

CONSTRUCTION

New York's new Building Code. (G. E.
Strehan). Engineering News-Record. 19 Ag'37:
316-321 dt

A tabular comparison of old and new
codes. History of code change and a
frank critical analysis. Discusses classifi-
cation of structures on basis of fire re-
sistance, extension of fire limits, egress
requirements, materials, stresses and
loads, design methods, timber, steel, con-
crete and welded construction, adminis-
tration and structural affidavits.

A number of errors are noted and the
code found to have too great detail for
most flexible use, although the author
admits a general liberalizing effect.

Foundations of steel-framed structures.
(S. K. Jordan). The Builder (London). 16
J1'37:46 pst

Part I1— Underpinning methods and pro-
cedure with timber, mass and_ reinforced
concrete.

23 JI'37:163 dst Part I!|—Retaining walls:
reinforced concrete cantilever type.

30 JI'37:205 st Part IV—Walings of con-
crete cast in place.

6 Ag'37:248-251 pst Part V—Steel-framed
cantilever retaining wall; steel-framed strutted
retaining wall; grillage foundations, tanking
(waterproofing) of basements.

100

Plywood houses. (R. E. Sangster). American
Builder. Ag'37:69-71, 118, 120 dptv

Plywood in place of conventional
sheathing, rough floors and wall finish.
Method wiil eventually use shop-fabrica-
ted story-height panels for all openings
with plain wall sections filled in on job.
A 2x4 is run around the top to tie wall
together. Panels on both sides of wall
are butt-jomted and glued over ™%-inch
plywood strips attached to studs. There
is a construction outline or brief specifi-
cation for houses which are built accord-
ing to this system.

Reinforced concrete houses. Journal Royal
Institute of British Architects (London). 17
J1'37:901-909 ptv ‘

An examination of the technique of
reinforced concrete design (not struc-
tural) illusirated by two recent English
houses. The author classifies all con-
struction as either (1) Solid continuous
wall structure supporting beams and floor
slabs ; (2) framed construction with panel
filling; or (3) post and panel construc-
tion. This third type is claimed a logical
expression of reinforced concrete. A
fourth type, arched construction, is now
in disuse.

Intelligent arguments are given for the
third method, based on the peculiar ad-
vantages of the type of supports, founda-
tions, flat roofs. The changed esthetic
conception necessary to understand and
to appreciate these houses is very ably
developed.

The Lane concrete-rib wall. The Federal
Architect. J1'37:47, 58 dt

An ingenious insulating and damp-re-
sisting, patented construction of poured
concrete or precast units consisting of a
thin wall with vertical reinforced ribs in-
side and out, staggered to give structural
strength and to avoid solid concrete
through the wall. Exterior veneer and
interior finish make a wall with double
voids which permit passage of pipes and
conduits and which may be filled with
loose insulation.

Consolidating concrete by vibration. The
Builder (London). 16 J1'37:48 ¢

The introduction of reinforcement made
concrete placing more difficult. Use of
wetter mixes to increase workability is
“reason why the increase in the strength
of concrete during the past thirty years
has not kept pace with the improvements
in the strength of cement.”

Electric or pneumatic vibrators clamped
to forms vor inserted in concrete have
proved successful in helping to place stiff
mixes. It is important not to use a mix
which is too wet, to avoid segregation.

One of the advantages of vibration is

DIGEST

the creation of a skin of mortar on the
surface, next to the forms, providing a
waterproof skin and a smooth surface
which can be easily cleaned. Vibration
should be stopped, however, before too
much mortar is brought to the surfaces.

Placing concrete by means of mechanical
vibration. South African Builder (Johannes-
burg). JI'37:41, 69 tv

The many types now used include:
Spud, Spade, Platform, Table, Form Vi-
brators, and Vibrator Screed. Power
units may be used also for finishing con-
crete or terrazzo, sawing, post drilling
or pumping with different attachments
already available. Vibration frequency
ranges from 3000 to 9000 per minute and
power can be furnished by gasoline, elec-
tric or compressed air equipment.

Reinforced brickwork. (Clay Products Tech.
Bur. Report). South African Builder (Johannes-
burg). JI'37:25, 27, 29 tv

Brief historical note. Factors in struc-
tural design include the attainment of a
bond between brick face and mortar ade-
quate to resist some amount of diagonal
tension and shear. Grout has been found
to develop a good bond—with stiff mor-
tars the bond has been seen to depend
upon the suction of the brick. One re-
sult is that second-hand brick is not de-
sirable for this kind of construction.

It is claimed that even a thin layer of
rich mortar will prevent dangerous cor-
rosion of steel.

Only simple forms are necessary for
beams and slabs, and none for walls and
columns. No expensive plant is required
and ordinary masons quickly learn the
work. Curing requires 3-14 days. Aver-
age weight of reinforced brick per cubic
foot is 10-15% less than of the rein-
forced concrete.

There is additional technical data in
the article.

Brick ‘school built earthquake resistant.
(C. H. Fork). Engineering News-Record. 5
Ag'37:227-229 dtv

Reinforced brick construction was used
in this new Los Angeles school to meet
California seismic requirement for lateral
resistance (g/10). The longitudinal walls
are designed as vertical beams (for a
transverse horizontal force) and_ floor
slabs as horizontal girders carrying ac-
cumulated forces to transverse walls
which function as vertica! cantilevers
transferring accumulated lateral forces to
ground.

Exterior and interior walts are 13-inch
brick, floors and roof of tin-pan concrete
construction with 3-inch slabs. Three
brick shapes were used to permit the plac-
ing of rods and grout: (1) standard
brick; (2) 34, or L-shaped brick (to pass

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER !937

XUM

1e

re
mn

0

for
ind
red
the
er-
bic
in-

in

unt.

sed
leet
ral
alls

oor
ac-
alls
ers
5 to

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pass

1937

XUM

NATION’S LEADING BUILDERS SAY—

G-E HEATING EQUIPMEN
HELPS SELL HOMES!

STANDARDIZES ON G-E “We
have standardized on G-E Gas
Furnaces since 1935. We have
built 54 houses with G-E Gas
Furnaces. In our experiences with
heating equipment, the G-E Gas
Furnace has been by far the most
satisfactory."’

SOLD 396 HOMES FOR
BUILDER ‘‘Since 1934 we
have used G-E Heating and
Air Conditioning Systems ex-
clusively. Since that time, we
have installed over 396 G-E
units which have in every
case sold our homes before
completion. General Electric
Heating and Air Condition-
ing units have great appeal
to our prospects. G-E equip-
ment means greater accept-
ance and lasting satisfaction.
G-E sells homes for us.”’

William J. Levitt

LEVITT & SONS, Builders
Manhasett, Long Island

Joseph Horning, Sect'y
GORING & HORNING, INC.
Washington, D. C.

IT PAYS TO STANDARDIZE
ON GENERAL ELECTRIC...

Leading builders say G-E heating equipment is
a shortcut to sales. They know homes sell faster,
when they specify General Electric Automatic
Heating and Air Conditioning. Builders and
owners know from actual experience that G-E
heating equipment gives more years of satis-
faction and economy. They know that every unit
is designed, built and warranted by General
Electric.

BEST INVESTMENT EVER MADE
“Since 1934 | have been install-
ing G-E Oil Furnaces in my dwell-
ings, which has in many cases
sold them before completion. My
four family apartment house was
also fully rented long before it
was finished. | consider G-E Oil

Furnaces the best investment |
ever made.”

KARL E. FINKE, Builder
Albany, N. Y.

Do as other prominent architects and builders
are doing—specify equipment you know will
please everybody concerned. G-E Heating and
Air Conditioning ATTRACTS and SELLS! You'll
always be glad you specified General Electric.
Contact our representative, or write or wire us
direct for the interesting plan which we have
ready for you. General Electric Company, Air
Conditioning Dept., Div. 102315, Bloomfield, N. J.

PPK

‘s 2 Geta ae Se dace Te

GENERAL @ ELECTRIC
Lutomatic Heating and Lr Conditioning

OIL FURNACES - GAS FURNACES - WINTER AND SUMMER AIR CONDITIONING

ee

ik Mik ad

Wie ted 9

as
¥

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

10]

TECHNICAL

KEY TO PRESENTATION

Typical refererce: 15 O'37:14-26 gptv

This indicates: Issue of October 15, 1937,
* pages 14 to 26, inclusive, presented according
to the following key:
d—detail drawing g—graph
s—section t—text

p—plan
v—photo view
Accordingly, gptv means graph(s), plans(s),
text and photographic view(s) in the article
mentioned.

Note: Readers desiring to secure copies of
any publications mentioned herein are advised
to have their local bookseller obtain them, or
write to the periodical of origin, either directly
or in care of AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND
ARCHITECTURE.

COLOR

Colour Pro Domo. (Ozenfant). Architectural
Review (London). Ag'37:77-80 tv

Application of color to mural decora-
tion in modern architecture. Important
news to some designers and critics that
modern work need not restrict function
to physical needs—that beauty is a func-
tion of architecture. Portable murals are
advocated, a more careful use of mate-
rials, and the use of mural reliefs and
tapestries. The latter are completely non-
reflective without loss of coloring power.

The figure illustrations are in an un-
familiar vocabulary of form and line, lack
color, and will not be pleasing to a
majority. No one should fail to recog-
nize, however, the amazing care taken to
gain textural effects.

CONSTRUCTION

New York's new Building Code.
Strehan). Engineering News-Record. 19 Ag'37:
316-321 dt

A tabular comparison of old and new
codes. History of code change and a
frank critical analysis. Discusses classifi-
cation of structures on basis of fire re-
sistance, extension of fire limits, egress
requirements, materials, stresses and
loads, design methods, timber, steel, con-
crete and welded construction, adminis-
tration and structural affidavits.

A number of errors are noted and the
code found to have too great detail for
most flexible use, although the author
admits a general liberalizing effect.

Foundations of steel-framed structures.
(S. K. Jordan). The Builder (London). 16
J1'37:46 pst

Part I|— Underpinning methods and pro-
cedure with timber, mass and
concrete.

23 JI'37:163 dst Part I|I—Retaining walls:
reinforced concrete cantilever type.

30 JI'37:205 st Part IV—Walings of con-
crete cast in place.

6 Ag'37:248-251

canti!

reinforced

pst Part V—Steel-framed
ever retaining wall; steel-framed strutted
retaining wall; grillage foundations, tanking
(waterproofing) of basements.

100

(G. E.

Plywood houses. (R. E. Sangster). American
Builder. Ag'37:69-71, 118, 120 dptv

Plywood in place of conventional
sheathing, rough floors and wall finish.
Method wiil eventually use shop-fabrica-
ted story-height panels for all openings
with plain wall sections filled in on job.
A 2x4 is sun around the top to tie wall
together. Panels on both sides of wall
are butt-joited and glued over %-inch
plywood strips attached to studs. There
is a construction outline or brief specifi-
cation for houses which are built accord-
ing to this system.

Reinforced concrete houses. Journal Royal
Institute of British Architects (London). 17
J1'37:901-909 ptv

An examination of the technique of
reinforced concrete design (not struc-
tural) illusirated by two recent English
houses. The author classifies all con-
struction as either (1) Solid continuous
wall structure supporting beams and floor
slabs; (2) framed construction with panel
filling; or (3) post and panel construc-
tion. This third type is claimed a logical
expression of reinforced concrete. A
fourth type, arched construction, is now
in disuse.

Intelligent arguments are given for the
third method, based on the peculiar ad-
vantages of the type of supports, founda-
tions, flat roofs. The changed esthetic
conception necessary to understand and
to appreciate these houses is very ably
developed.

The Lane concrete-rib wall. The Federal
Architect. J1'37:47, 58 dt

An ingenious insulating and damp-re-
sisting, patented construction of poured
concrete or precast units consisting of a
thin wall with vertical reinforced ribs in-
side and out, staggered to give structural
strength and to avoid solid concrete
through the wall. Exterior veneer and
interior finish make a wall with double
voids which permit passage of pipes and
conduits and which may be filled with
loose insulation.

Consolidating concrete by vibration. The
Builder (London). 16 J1'37:48 ¢

The introduction of reinforcement made
concrete placing more difficult. Use of
wetter mixes to increase workability is
“reason why the increase in the strength
of concrete during the past thirty years
has not kept pace with the improvements
in the strength of cement.”

Electric or pneumatic vibrators clamped
to forms vor inserted in concrete have
proved successful in helping to place stiff
mixes. It is important not to use a mix
which is too wet, to avoid segregation.

One of the advantages of vibration is

DIGEST

the creation of a skin of mortar on the
surface, next to the forms, providing a
waterproof skin and a smooth surface
which can be easily cleaned. Vibration
should be stopped, however, before too
much mortar is brought to the surfaces.

Placing concrete by means of mechanical
vibration. South African Builder (Johannes-
burg). JI'37:41, 69 tv

The many types now used include:
Spud, Spade, Platform, Table, Form Vi-
brators, and Vibrator Screed. Power
units may be used also for finishing con-
crete or terrazzo, sawing, post drilling
or pumping with different attachments
already available. Vibration frequency
ranges from 3000 to 9000 per minute and
power can be furnished by gasoline, elec-
tric or compressed air equipment.

Reinforced brickwork. (Clay Products Tech.
Bur. Report). South African Builder (Johannes-
burg). J1'37:25, 27, 29 tv

Brief historical note. Factors in struc-
tural design include the attainment of a
bond between brick face and mortar ade-
quate to resist some amount of diagonal
tension and shear. Grout has been found
to develop a good bond—with stiff mor-
tars the bond has been seen to depend
upon the suction of the brick. One re-
sult is that second-hand brick is not de-
sirable for this kind of construction.

It is claimed that even a thin layer of
rich mortar will prevent dangerous cor-
rosion of steel.

Only simple forms are necessary for
beams and slabs, and none for walls and
columns. No expensive plant is required
and ordinary masons quickly learn the
work. Curing requires 3-14 days. Aver-
age weight of reinforced brick per cubic
foot is 10-15% less than of the rein-
forced concrete.

There is additional technical data in
the article.

Brick school built earthquake resistant.
(C. H. Fork). Engineering News-Record. 5
Ag'37:227-229 dtv

Reinforced brick: construction was used
in this new Los Angeles school to meet
California seismic requirement for lateral
resistance (g/10). The longitudinal walls
are designed as vertical beams (for a
transverse horizontal force) and_ floor
slabs as horizontal girders carrying ac-
cumulated transverse walls
which function as vertica! cantilevers
transferring accumulated lateral forces to
ground.

Exterior and interior walis are 13-inch
brick, floors and roof of tin-pan concrete
construction with 3-inch slabs. Three
brick shapes were used to permit the plac-
ing of rods and grout: (1) standard
brick; (2) 34, or L-shaped brick (to pass

forces to

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER !937

of
r-

or
nd
ed
he
er
Dic
in-

in

nch
rete
iree
lac-
lard

yass

1937

XUM

NATION’S LEADING BUILDERS SAY—

G-E HEATING EQUIPMENT
HELPS SELL HOMES!

STANDARDIZES ON G-E “We
have standardized on G-E Gas
Furnaces since 1935. We have
built 54 houses with G-E Gas
Furnaces. In our experiences with
heating equipment, the G-E Gas
Furnace has been by far the most
satisfactory."’

SOLD 396 HOMES FOR
BUILDER ‘‘Since 1934 we
have used G-E Heating and
Air Conditioning Systems ex-
clusively. Since that time, we
have installed over 396 G-E
units which have in every
case sold our homes before
completion. General Electric
Heating and Air Condition-
ing units have great appeal
to our prospects. G-E equip-
ment means greater accept-
ance and lasting satisfaction.
G-E sells homes for us.”

William J. Levitt

LEVITT & SONS, Builders
Manhasett, Long Island

Joseph Horning, Sect’y
GORING & HORNING, INC.
Washington, D. C.

IT PAYS TO STANDARDIZE
ON GENERAL ELECTRIC...

Leading builders say G-E heating equipment is
a shortcut to sales. They know homes sell faster,
when they specify General Electric Automatic
Heating and Air Conditioning. Builders and
owners know from actual experience that G-E
heating equipment gives more years of satis-
faction and economy. They know that every unit
is designed, built and warranted by General
Electric.
BEST INVESTMENT EVER MADE
“Since 1934 | have been install-
ing G-E Oil Furnaces in my dwell-
ings, which has in many cases
sold them before completion. My
four family apartment house was
also fully rented long before it
was finished. | consider G-E Oil
Furnaces the best investment |
ever made.”

KARL E. FINKE, Builder
Albany, N. Y.

Do as other prominent architects and builders
are doing—specify equipment you know will
please everybody concerned. G-E Heating and
Air Conditioning ATTRACTS and SELLS! You'll
always be glad you specified General Electric.
Contact our representative, or write or wire us
direct for the interesting plan which we have
ready for you. General Electric Company, Air
Conditioning Dept., Div. 102315, Bloomfield, N. J.

nie

GENERAL @ ELECTRIC
futomatic Heating and pie Conditioning

es OIL FURNACES - GAS FURNACES - WINTER AND SUMMER AIR CONDITIONING

hy

*

P
]
%

we

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 101

vertical rods); and (3) ™%, or long and
narrow brick (to pass horizontal rods).
Special methods of pouring grout and
making forms were used, steel being set
completely for each tier before brick.

Data are included on mortar propor-
‘tions, absorption and strength.

Monolithic brick houses. (A. W. Luse).
American Builder. Ag'37:80, 82, 84 tv

Reinforced brick panels, 4 inches thick,
fabricated horizontally in a form with
sand bottom, are now being used for resi-
dential walls, partitions and floor slabs.
This article gives progress photo views
of this new type of construction for low-
cost houses. No studs or backing up are
required since these units are load bear-
ing and self-supporting. Wiring, etc., is
run in steel I-pans, 4 inches deep. Corners
of the structure are made by dove-tailing
brick panels.

ELECTRICAL WORK
& LIGHTING

Old No. 14—Our sacred cow! (E. White-
horn). Electrical Contracting. Ag'37:10-I1 ¢

For more than 50 years No. 14 gauge
wire has been standard practice for resi-
dential work and most other jobs. This
breezy article shows the unfortunate re-
sults of this tradition. Modern accessories
make increasingly greater demands, and
this inadequate wiring causes home-made
extensions, disuse of accessories and fewer
purchases of new ones because they are
slow or inconvenient.

Voltage drop appears and all equipment
becomes inefficient. A drop of 10 volts,
and it is claimed there are many such,
causes 15% loss of actual money paid for
current used to heat wire!

In 1915 the average annual residential
consumption was 260 Kwhr. In 1925,
398. Today, 743 and going up. Use No.
12 regularly in branch circuits!

Problems of modern lighting. (G. V.
Downer). Architect & Building News (London).
16 J1'37:86 ¢

Light and the Architect, Part I—Dis-
cusses reflection, color and gives a few
general notes on illumination of offices.

23 Jl’37:115 t Part I1—Indirect light,
distribution, diffusion and intensity.

30 Jl’37:147 t Part I1I—Methods of
obtaining satisfactory illumination: The
artificial daylight (skylight), much im-
proved by modern glasses and equipment;
the artificial window; and panel or beam
lighting. In the latter type it is claimed
that a panel 6-9 inches wide and 3-12
feet long can be evenly lighted through-
out its length with a single lamp. Im-
proved cornice or cove lighting and sev-
eral other methods are also described.

6 Ag’37:179 t Part IV—Concluding
installment. Modern methods for com-
mercial and industrial buildings.

102

HEATING

Smoky chimneys. (Abridgment of a 1796
essay by Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rum-
ford—notes by A. F. Dufton). The Builder
(London). 23 JI'37:144-147 dst

An apparently sound technical article
recommending, among other features, a
4-inch chimney throat, splayed fireplace
sides with the width of the back 1/3 the
width of the opening, sufficient depth
from wall face to back of fireplace, hori-
zontal smoke shelf above throat, smooth
interior finish and rounded internal angle
at top of fireplace opening.

Rumford claimed to have cured over
500 smoky chimneys and his recommenda-
tions have been tested recently with suc-
cess in more than 100 cases by the British
Building Research Station.

Factors in the selection of an oil burner.
(A. H. Senner). Heating & Ventilating. Ag'37:
55-57 ¢

Abstract from recent Dep’t. of Agricul-
ture Circular No. 406.

At least 1/5 gallon of oil per hour will
be required for each 100 sq. ft. hot water
radiation, and 1/3 gallon for each 100
sq. ft. steam radiation, during severest
weather, without providing for domestic
hot water. This gives a clue to maximum
capacity of burner required (not seasonal
oil consumption ).

Gun, vertical rotary, pot and other
types must be considered in relation to
boiler used. Vertical rotary burners work
best in round boilers. Pot or gun is less
limited by fire pot shape but vertical
rotary or pot types are more efficient in
many types of boilers which are short
in flue travel. Guns are easier to build,
install and service. Removability is im-
portant to permit coal firing if service is
interrupted. Quiet action, gas and elec-
tric service requirements, maintenance
and service reliability are all important
considerations.

Steam traps and their characteristics.

(T. N. Adlam). Heating & Ventilating. Ag'37:
51-54 st
Part II—Float and buckct traps.
Operation of typical float and thermo-
static traps, capacity, traps for industrial
work. Operation of inverted bucket traps
and vertical open top bucket traps.

MATERIALS AND FINISHES

Plastic flow in concrete. (R. E. Davis, H. E.

Davis & E. H. Brown). Engineering News-
Record. 29 JI'37: 180-182 ¢

Abstract of an A. S. T. M. Convention
paper on this rather mysterious property
of concrete—gradually increasing de-
formation under sustained load—by some
believed closely related to shrinkage. It
is still impossible to calculate or to pre-
dict accurately in advance the effect of
this action which sometimes is not un-
desirable, making possible more efficient

use of steel and perhaps a better distr. py-
tion of stress. The paper summarizes the
scope of studies of the subject, gives data
on long-time stress changes, aggregate-
cement and water-cement ratios, flow in
tension and compression (former greater
at first), effect of different cements (low-
heat types have greater flow), finally,
formation of cracks and effects of thermal
stresses.

Excerpts from Bureau of Standards Cir.
cular on Plastering Materials. The Plas.
tering Craft. 15 J1'37:10-12 ¢

Detailed description of properties, gen-
eral actions and reactions of plastering

materials. Lime, gypsum, portland ce-
ment, Keene’s cement, sand, fiber and
water. References are made to the re-

spective A. S. T. M. specifications.

Paint protection against corrosion. (P.
Scholberg). Architects’ Journal (London). |
J1'37:39-40 ¢

Mention of a new paint, called ‘“Rust-
Eeter,” evolved by Thomas Parsons, a
reputable British manufacturer, which is
claimed to “digest the rust present on the
surface and convert it into part of the
protective film’—a dark blue which turns
black. Four-year tests of single coats
showed no trace of corrosion.

Atmospheric corrosion and electrolytic
action. (P. Scholberg). Architects’ Journal
(London). 5 Ag'37:238-239 ¢

Good brief note on corrosion and elec-
trolysis of metals. Table listing metals in
order of resistance: Silver, copper,
nickel, tin, iron, lead, zinc, aluminum.
Theoretically, a metal preceding any
other in this order will accelerate the cor-
rosion of the latter when the two are
in contact in presence of moisture. Some-
times, however, the corroding metals
form a protective surface film. The typi-
cal protective and non-protective films
formed on these metals are very concisely

described.

Building with treated
Trends. J1I'37:12-17 dtv

Wood can be pressure-impregnated
with proper preservatives which also pre-
vent termite attack. It is claimed that
termites cause annual repair charges of
40 million dollars, and that decay loss is
one-fifth of yearly cut of lumber. There
are 56 species of termites, both subter-
ranean and non-subterranean, the former
being most common. Decay is caused by
a fungoid organism.

To be effective a pressure injection
must be poisonous to both decay fungi
and to wood-destroying insects. Surface
coatings are not effective. Vacuum and
high air pressures (100 to 200 Ib/sq. in.)
and temperatures above 150° F., followed
by kiln seasoning, are parts of a recom-
mended process. There are two general
methods used: pressure-creosote and pres-
sure salt. (Continued on page 126)

lumber. Building

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

a

n
FIVE YEARS OLD
y
AND STILL
fr
. 66 7?
| TUNA -NEDW
ig be
id — so: =o
* :

DETAIL] \°"
[P. ISIT, the next time you are in

; Philadelphia, the famed PSFS Build-

ing. Every architect interested in
" modern design will find this visit an

‘i interesting experience.

For entrances, lobbies, escalators,
he stairways, banking rooms, vaults, ete.
ns Architects Howe & Lescaze_ used
ats Sa ae rT many shapes and forms of USS

—— : Stainless Steel to create a variety of

. ate interesting new designs—one of the

= \| SECTION AAJ first important applications of stain-
less steel in architecture.
eC- pat “7 Beauty was by no means the sole
in > =} . < LN objective. For their sweepingly func-
er, tt A * on oem TN VA tional design, Howe & Lescaze were
1m. a ia O Cr . ¢ jj impressed by the utilitarian, practi-
iny | ,. a Ai Se cal advantages of USS Stainless Steel.
or 7 ~, a ot Practical because it cleans like glass,
are | , DETAIL D ; rae ‘ ;
Aten | Vole is equally permanent and impervious
oe e | ji fF to weather. Practical because it re-
tals 1 | | i! } sists abrasion and scratching, should
ae j ih FI } | | outlast the building with no replace-
sely | @ Q ments.

) | | feelin Today, the PSFS Building is five
ji | = : — DETAIL D years old. Its brilliant parts of USS
™ 2 LZ =Stainless Steel stand out in striking
wel Yi V4 PLANGG = + } contrast to the few places where
pre- ae of ee other white metals were applied.
that ee a ae , Q@ if After five years’ exposure to corrosive
; of DETAILE Q +R city air, its USS Stainless Steel looks
oh as new today as the day of the gala
rere ieee ff opening. Untarnished. Unpitted. Un-
ter- — dimmed.
mer USS Stainless Steel helps to keep
1 by THESE SIMPLIFIED DETAILS of the

work in USS Stainless Steel on the main PSFS entrance the PSFS Building looking new It
illustrate the simplicity with which you can design with USS Stainless Steel. Howe & Lescaze, ° . ,

Architects. General Bronze Corporation, Fabricators. For complete information on “USS Stainless continues, year after year, to attract
tion Steel in Architecture’ (16 pages of facts, photographs, tables and drawings) see Sweets or write for : 7

basattiel ase Goalie. customers, depositors and tenants.

angi

an U'S'S STAINLESS STEEL
“ K

oa ‘ AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE COMPANY, Cleveland, Chicago and New York

aie CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION, Pittsburgh and Chicago

oe NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, Pittsburgh

res- Columbia Steel Company, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Distributors - United States Steel Products Company, New York, Export Distributors
meUNITED STATES ST

| 937

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

103

XUM

Aims to
meet todays
require -

ments
a —————____|
AVERAGE

UNDERWIRING

is costing building: «

Air-conditioning ... other Ninety-five per cent of modern build- ct
motor-driven equipment ings are chaslone — the smmlpone .
of electric wiring, authorities say. The jc

...demand modern electric demands made upon electric circuits
. : ‘ by air-conditioning equipment, radio, al
circuits. Find out about we atari ediauaiin, a other de- et
the new developments in Vices, are becoming greater every day. W
‘ Everywhere are examples of the cost of $:
cables. Anaconda engineers inadequate wiring. la
will gladly aid youintaking In one building, for instance, feeders
ity ,, Were designed on the supposition that si
a 20-year look ahead. tenants would use one or more floors. Is
The demand proved to be all forsmallet § P!
spaces. Result: the electric load so in- b

General Offices: 25 Broadway, New York Gi Chi

ANACONDA MAKES A COMPLETE LINE OF WIRE AND CABLE FOR EVERY INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTI PUR

104 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

he thinks

ae
VERY EXCEPTIONAL

creased that piecemeal changes were
insufficient. Finally, a $20,000 rewiring
job was necessary.

In another, small apartment building,
air-conditioning and modernized kitch-
ens placed heavy overloads on existing
wiring. New risers and extra outlets cost
$3,500—an expense that could have been
largely avoided by adequate first wiring!

Protect your client against these and
similar dangers. A generous safety factor
is essential. Make use of the many im-
provements in cable design pioneered
by Anaconda Wire and Cable Company.

Looks ahead
lO years -

owners millions today!

As an aid to you in obtaining the ideal
wiring specifications, Anaconda Wire
& Cable Company offers the services
of its Engineering Department to assist
your engineers, consultants or electrical
contractors in the solution of technical
wiring problems. With this experienced
aid, your new project can be planned
for ‘‘20-year adequacy” so far as any of
us can foresee the future. 37591

CONSULT THE ANACONDA SHEETS
OF TIME SAVER STANDARDS

4 & Cable Company

NTIAl

AMERICAN ARCHITECT

Chicago Office: 20 North Wacker Drive + Sales Offices in Principal Cities

PURPOSE ... OUR ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT IS ALWAYS AT YOUR SERVICE

AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

Specifies
“20-year
adequacy”

* IDEAL x

For general COMMERCIAL
wiring purposes —

ANACONDA DURACODE

This cable is built for long lite under
the exacting conditions in commer-
cial buildings. An extremely stable
compound, highly heat resisting,
highly resistant to moisture and with
low susceptibility to combustion and
explosion. Utilities are using millions
of feet of a similar ANACONDA
product for network cable and ver-
tical risers.

RESIDENTIAL

Two important recommendations
enabling youto specify adequacy with
economy, permanence and safety.
Service Entrance—ANACONDA Ser-
vice Entrance cables available in all types.
Interior Wiring—Throughout the
building, specify ANACONDA Durax
Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable.

Write for ANACONDA Handbook of
Wires and Cables forall Occupancies and
Types of Conditions.

105

PES eee eee eee eee eee eee eee

This under-the-window Slenderized, that's

> over 4-tnches deep, took the place

ittle
elephant radiator that was 42-inches long, 3-feet

high and 14-inches deep.

sree cau put this

Slenderized Radiator
where there is
no place to put it

You at once say: “That's a fool statement.” And you
are right. Only you are wrong.

In making that remark you must have overlooked the
fact, that we are not talking about the usual room-
taker elephant-brand of radiators. We mean our
Slenderized.

The ones that are 40% smaller than others. The ones
that in the four-tube size, are no deeper than your
fore-finger is long. That means they can be recessed
between studs and still be flush with the wall. It also
means that they will fit under any average size win-
dow, and if free standing, take up only 4: inches
in all inclusive depth space.

But it means still more. It means that whether you
believe it or not, you get 40% quicker heating. Sounds
wuzzy, we know. But it’s hard to prove a thing won't
do something, when it’s already doing it. There are
over 10 million feet of them on the job, doing it right
this minute.

And just a word of caution. A small radiator is one
thing. A Slenderized one, is quite another. One is just
small. The other is Slenderized. One does a small
job. The other a big one, even though it’s no bigger.

BURNHAM BoILeR CORPORATION
Irvington, New York Zanesville, Ohio

\eaeeewaeani

pet
(SCR SPP eRRBeees

SESE SSEE See eS

hata

crrtrTe

Since 1873

Manufacturers of Heating Equipment A

(mi

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[eae eerane wi

ma ERe Bea ta ee

we eeeeeeeeeerees

106

TECHNIQUES

METHODS .. . MATERIALS . . . RESEARCH PRACTICES

REFRIGERATED DISPLAY CASE

A new seven-foot display case
has been added to the line of
refrigerated units manufactured
by Norge Division, Borg-War-
ner Corporation, Detroit, for use
in grocery and_ delicatessen
stores, meat markets, and other
commercial establishments. Ex-
terior construction is of white
vitreous porcelain on special enameling iron, black vitreous por-
celain edging and kick plate. Display glass section is of 14”

plate triple glass, rubber sealed to prevent fogging. Service
doors are of moulded hard rubber, finger tip sliding on hard
rubber track, equippéd with three plates of 14” plate glass. In-
terior construction is also of white vitreous porcelain on special
enameling iron. Bottom of storage compartment is of acid-
resisting vitreous porcelain. Display platters are 34” deep. Top
shelf is equipped with six 8% x 12” platters, and lower shelf
with six 12 x 23%” platters. Accessible through two large
service drawers, a storage compartment with gross capacity of
12.9 cu. ft. is located below display section. Display section is
equipped with six bulbs mounted in front of glass, protected by
one-piece porcelain guard reflector. A 1/3 hp. Norge Rollator
condensing unit is flexibly mounted in machine compartment on
lower right hand side of case. Standard electrical equipment is
furnished for alternating current, 110 volt, 60 cycle,

single phase. 849M

FIREPLACE

A black and white porcelain
enameled fireplace has been de-
signed by the Porcelain Metals
Corporation of Louisville, Ken-
tucky. The porcelain is on
Armco Ingot Iron sheets. Lugs
are spot welded on the backs
of the porcelain enameled sec-
tions. The reinforcement wires
are fastened to the lugs. Parts
of the channels are filled with
cement, but the wires are per-
mitted to extend beyond the
surface. When fresh cement is
poured on the hearth and fac-
ing of the fireplace, the sec-
tions are set and braced for 24 hours. The wires become em-
bedded in the concrete and hold the enameled fireplace sections
in position. The new fireplace is said to be easy to

install. 850M

DECORATIVE PANELING

A recently introduced decorative paneling material, known as
Carstenite, which has a surface of real wood bonded to fibre
board with a waterproof synthetic resin, is intended for wainscot-
ing, wall covering, window backgrounds, furniture, or any other
use where it is desired to show attractive wood surfaces at mod-
erate expense. The base on which the thin wood surfacing is
mounted is a wood fibre board—said to be grainless, non-warping
and non-splitting—which can be worked in all ways that ordin-
ary wood can be worked, and which will bend readily under suit-
able treatment to form curved surfaces. The outstanding features
claimed for this new material are that it can be nailed or glued
to old walls, without preparation of the walls, or nailed direct to

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

w

Specify —

og fusulation That Returns More Than Its Cost

Has Proved 4-Inch Conductivity Coefficient of .066

Jf

RED TOP STRIP WOOL —in 3 and 9 ft. lengths to
handle large areas quickly and easily.

tdi

Es jf

Showing stud application. Backed with heavy waterproof
paper. RED TOP STRIP WOOL is easy to nail.

A FORM OF RED TOP INSULATI

<

NG WOOL FOR BOTH NEW AND OLD HOUSES

RED TOP JUNIOR BAT WOOL—in smaller sizes for

use in complicated framing plans.

«

RED TOP NODULATED AND GRANULATED WOOL
—in loose form for pouring or “‘blow-in.”

@ You can specify Red Top Insulat-
ing Wool*, confident that it is as
economical an insulation as your
client’s dollar can buy. It pays for
itself within a few years in fuel sav-
ings. It is all insulation— you pay
for no non-insulating, valueless im-
purities. Made from the same chem-
ically stable mineral base as glass,
spun toa fluffy, resilient, long-fibered
wool as light in weight as cotton, it
excels in every requirement of
insulating performance:

EFFICIEN T—Independent labora-
tory and university tests show that
a four-inch thickness of Red Top
Wool has a conductivity coefficient
of .066. It insures more effective in-

UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY

sulation per inch of material.
FIREPROOF —A safer insulation.
Will not burn or support combus-
tion. Can be used safely around
electrical wiring. Approved by Un-
derwriters’ Laboratories.
MOISTURE RESISTANT — In-
herently moisture resistant, Red Top
maintains its insulating efficiency
under all atmospheric conditions.
DOES NOT DECAY — Unaffected
by air-borne acids or gases. Will
not harbor vermin.
ECONOMICAL — High insulating
value and fuel savings (yearly run-
ning from 10 to 40% of the cost of
the insulation in the average case),
plus low first cost and long life,

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

stamp Red Top Insulating Wool as
probably the most economical insu-
lation your client’s dollar can buy.

For “Descriptive and Specification
Data” booklet containing sample of
Red Top Insulating Wool, mail cou-
pon now! *Registered Trade-mark
ONLY RED TOP INSULATING WOOL GIVES YOUR
CLIENTS SO MANY OUTSTANDING ADVANTAGES.
ONLY USG DEALERS AND APPROVED APPLICATORS
SUPPLY RED TOP INSULATING WOOL

UNITED STATES GYPSUM CO S

300 W. Adams St., Chicago, Illinois AAA
Please send “Descriptive and Specifica-

tion Data” booklet on Red Top Insulating

Wool.

Name

Address

eR cinsissiiaepiiiiaiathssiniapaitntnii State

An

Manufac turer’

Architect $

an L aun {ry Com-

Bedfore

d Br own
2. Store-
N. Y-

B ure au

TO PICTURES : Manhatté
: Re Architect:

Was shingtons
W —

. Road, V , &-
= Brookly n,

er House,

, Buf alo, N. Y.-
. vw. City. De

Sta-

Rome, - *° Y echiaeet F. W-
sub, 144 FE: 57th St-s N. Y- City:
Bloch & Hesse, g E. 4A\st St., N. E ity 10. old cues ry

| Whitman, Mass: Architect: KE. et Batty —
“yy Mass: AL. State Theatre, Rhinela I
? st W- Wagene!s <112 W- Wellingto™ Sta
Chicago» lil. 12.5 Store Buils ding, Fa N. D- Archite raul
S . a A., Fargo> IN. D. 13. Kane’ 5 F urnit ture sto
Boston, Mass: Des igned and erected by Dot nnelley Flectric &
Neon Co., ,, Mass: 14. Cunard White Stat Li se Build-
Boston, . Kilham, Hopkins & ” Geet
Mass:

POTSaI 5 7,905,9943 2917s 9. 2,073,277

rg 0;

ing,
Boston,

‘und Development :

gone wear ago Revecon was -ntroduced to the lowing your choice in th
srcnitectural profession in this publication: modern decorative metals euch as coppe' yTASS,
Sinc' that time, by using Rev econ Structural bronze; nickel silver, aluminum, stainless steel oF
Sections architects and des! sners have had com porcelain enamele d metal, resin sheets [Lumar
plete freedom in designs utilizing any of the basic marble, synthetic boards, structural and cleat glass
flat sheet rigid m terials in structural application — in etructural application
wer any °) pe of guperstructurss In all parts of the country Revecon fulfilling
Revecon provides 1 medium by which struc- its ;mportant contribution to gunctional architec-
rural eurfaces in panel form can be designed and ture DY ech div ersified uses aS rhe accompany NS
erected as an ‘ntegral unit in which each panel has completed buildings ‘\ustrate-
complete freedom of expansion and contraction in W rite for free copy of the Revecon Technical
both directions: [ndividual panels so applied may Handbook on your own Jetterhead. Tt shows actual
be easily removed or reph iced without disturbing full size details with complete descript’ e text
adjacent panels. which answer most panel material application
This kes medium coordinates the use of panel problems: Kindly address your inquiry to our exec>
materials in design and construction problems al- utive offices 230 Park Avenue, New York City:

INCO RPO RAT ED

cQUNDED BY
pAUL REVERE
E OFFICES: 230° PARK

Revele Coppe

AVE NUE,

EXECU TIV

PYRAMID METALS COMPANY
460 North Oakley Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois

110

Illustrated booklet, just off the press, shows many
late modern uses of Pyramid Metal Mouldings.

Pyramid Moulding patterns are reproduced in
actual sizes. The easy SNAP-ON method of instal-
lation, which often affords a labor-saving of fifty
per cent, is fully explained and illustrated.

Pyramid Stainless Steel Mouldings can be
either Satin or Mirror finishes. Bronze, Brass and
Copper are also available. There: are hundreds
of standard patterns and sizes.

Booklet showing many of these is FREE. Send
for your copy now --- and be informed on this

new, economical and modern metal moulding.

studding or furring; that it is unaffected by dampness; that it
will not craze nor.check; and that it remains flat in place. It
can be had in twenty-one different cabinet veneers, and in widths
of four feet and lengths of 4, 6, 8 and 12 feet. Carstenite was
developed and patented by A. N. Carstens of Chicago, and
is manufactured by Algoma Plywood & Veneer Com-

pany, Chicago. 851M
RESIDENTIAL HEATING BOILER

A new residential heating boil-
er for hand, stoker or oil firing
has been announced by the Na-
tional Radiator Corporation,
Johnstown, Pa. The boiler is
finished in baked enamel of
Matador Red and_ Stygian
Black. The rounded corners of
the side panels and a double
roll at each edge of the center
front panel aid in presenting a
smooth contour free from pro-
jecting instruments. Among
the features of the new boiler

|
|
|

wand
aoe

is a foot pedal to open the ash-
pit door, operating ijike similar
equipment on_ refrigerators.
Control ‘knobs, operating on
the radio dial principle, serve as a means of adjusting the
damper regulator and smokehood damper. The control knobs are
located at the front of the boiler and are co-ordinated with num-
bered dials which indicate the relative setting or position. There
are only six parts in the grate shaking mechanism. All of the
parts usually found projecting from the base front have been
eliminated and the shaker handle is the only part visible from
the outside. Numerous extended fingers are placed on the sides

of the water legs and along the flueways, adding heating surface.
The hand-fired type has a built-in domestic hot water heating
coil recessed in the back section. All of the piping to the water
heater is taken from the rear of the unit. Provision is made on
the stoker-fired and oil-fired types for two sizes of storage and
two sizes of tankless hot water heaters, together with tappings
on the rear section for all controls required for

automatic heating. 852M

NEW ROOFING PRODUCT

A chief feature of a new roofing product, known as Republic
Perfected Triple Drain Channel Roofing lies in the use of four
ridges and three valleys in each channel unit. Because of this
innovation, it is claimed that neither driving rain nor capillary
attraction can cause leaks. A beaded channel makes a tight fit
at the overlapping edge, creating a vacuum action. Any rain
passing this point is carried into the center channel through the

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE OCTOBER 1937

XUM

°

—_—=_

we

) -— 2s ee

oo

XUM

SEE HOW ersati/; TERRAZZO IS...

Whether it be food or flooring, good taste is essential to a restau-

rant. Here good taste in flooring was achieved with interesting ter-

razzo—beautifully designed, inviting, hard to mar, easy to keep clean.

Durability is the first order of a public floor. In this public building,

" Ifill hat demand... and added rich beauty as well.
ae ees See cen casein. Bi Bic How to get a lobby floor that’s attractive, that can take the

constant punishment of scuffing feet, yet be easy to maintain
-that was the problem of this theatre. Like thousands of
other theatres, they found the answer in terrazzo.

x *

Terrazzo has the durability of marble and concrete. It
is richly, permanently beautiful. Comparable in cost
with other high-grade floorings. Inexpensive to main-
tain. And terrazzo allows you absolutely free rein in

design and color schemes. Detailed information and

—_ ; ro 2) fee ¥
es el tie ORD ve Pee stake RS

For ornamental work terrazzo performs a two-fold service—it allows from The National Terrazzo and Mosaic Association,
free rein in creating design—it can be made to harmonize perfectly 1406 G Street, NW, Washington, D. C.
with existing decorative themes.

THE NATIONAL TERRAZZO AND MOSAIC ASSOCIATION

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 ; 11

established specifications for terrazzo may be obtained

THE EAGLE-PICHER
LEAD COMPANY

WHITE
LEAD

...costs less because it

wears longer!

@ When mixed with linseed oil, this

chemically active pigment forms a
a tough, deep-anchoring, elastic
paint film. Resists weathering...
wears by a gradual even chalking...
won't crack or scale. Asafe standard
specification for wood or brick.

CINCINNATI

ne
Kae 1K Le

a
oe Ae
MO

a

Smyser-Royer Company Cast Iron Veranda Design No. 69
"hite Estate, Miami, Fla.
Irchitect: John Mead Howells, 156 E. 46th St., N. Y. C

SMYSER-ROYER CAST IRON VERANDAS
Smyser-Royer Cast Iron Veranda units may be

combined to meet almost any required dimensions.
A wide range of stock designs available.

A new catalogue will gladly be furnished on request. Write
Smyser-Royer Company, York, Pa. Philadelphia Office, Archi-
tects’ Building, 17th & Sansom Sts

SMYSER-ROYER COMPANY

112

action of gravity. For convenience, the proper area for nailing
this new roofing is indicated clearly by blue lines on each sheet.
It is available in three types of metal—steel, copper-bearing <teel.
and Toncan Iron. It is furnished in 26, 28 or 29 gauge and in
lengths ranging from 5 to 12 feet with a covering width of 24
inches. Triple Drain Channel Roofing is a new product

of Republic Steel Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio. 853M

BUILDING
INSULATION

Based on the principle of producing an insulation combining the
largest relative volume of confined, non-circulating air with the
least possible proportion of solid materials, the new Ideal Build-
ing Insulation manufactured by The Hinde & Dauch Paper Com-
pany, Sandusky, Ohio, contains only 5% solids by volume and
95% confined, non-circulating air. It is purely mechanical in
structure. A chemically pure all-kraft paper of great density and
extreme thinness is used to make an air-cell type material that
may be worked as other building materials. It is held in place
by edging strips tacked to joists and rafters. Radiation is said
to be overcome by interposing a number of plain sheets in the
heat path as barriers to the passage of heat rays; convection is
stopped by the proper spacing of the barrier sheets—all air move-
ment is stopped with a structure of about ten barrier spaces to
one inch thickness; conduction is reduced to a minimum by
use of air-cell structure requiring less than 5 per cent solids by
volume, and use of strong, dense materials. Tested at a mean
temperature of 75 F°, this insulating material is said to pass
less than 0.260 Btu per sq. ft. per inch thickness 854M

per degree F per hour.

INTERCOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A new intercommunication sys-
tem, known as the ‘“Handy-
Phone” has been developed by
the General Electric radio divi-
sion in Bridgeport, Conn. Es-
sentially a loudspeaker phone
system, the new apparatus is
designed for use in offices, hos-
pitals, stores, homes or any
similar place where speedy
voice communication is desired.
The system consists of one
master station and from one to
four remote speaker-phone sta-
tions. The latter may be lo-
cated at any points within 2000
feet of the master unit, or at
greater distance with special
arrangements. An individual
at the master station may have
two-way conversations with any of the remote stations, or
may speak to all of them at one time. He merely turns the
five-point selector switch to the desired position, presses down
the “talk-listen” control lever and speaks. When he is ready for
his answer, he releases the lever and it automatically returns to
the “listen” position. Remote stations may talk back to the mas-
ter station without the operator using hands, switches or keys.
The stations are housed in walnut veneer stations. The system

operates on either a.c. or d.c., 115-125 volts; 25, 50 or

60 cycles. a , 855M

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

7

Erection or relocation of Transite Walls is a completely
dry process, accomplished with remarkably little dirt,
disturbance, cost. Concealed steel holding devices and
studs provide a framework virtually as enduring as
Transite itself.

MOST MODERN OF OFFICE PARTITIONS
A PERMANENT WALL THAT CAN BE MOVED

ITH TRANSITE, a material of time-

established durability, engineers
devised an ingenious construction meth-
od and developed the first truly modern
office partition.

In effect, it is a permanent wall that
can be moved. Transite—an asbestos-
cement product—is inherently proof
against fire, rot and deterioration. Per-
manent and sound-resistant, Transite
Walls offer the solidity and privacy of
hxed walls. Yet, by virtue of a simple con-
struction method and conveniently han-
dled standard-width sheets, any change
in layout—or even complete relocation
—is accomplished quickly, economically,
and with 100% salvage!

Moreover, the flush, projection-free

surfaces of Transite Walls are admirably
adaptable to any decorative scheme or
type of finish. Lacquers, paints, wood
veneers, fabrics or any other treatment
can be readily applied.

Here, then, is a partition adaptable to
every modern office layout or service...
to any revision in construction. As a re-
sult, T'ransite Walls enable the architect
to plan intelligently today—and to an-
ticipate future changes or expansion with
an economy heretofore unknown.

The story in full will interest you. A
Transite Walls brochure, giving product
and structural data, and also a list of the
many installations made to date, will be
sent on request. Simply write Johns-

Manville, 22 E.40th St., New York, N.Y.

When Transite Walls are used to par-
tition off private offices from general
service areas, one side can be finished
to suit any decorative scheme called
for, while the other side, facing the
service space, can be treated in as

simple a manner as desired

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE OCTOBER 1937

STADIUM FINISHED 6 WEEKS SOONER;
‘INCOR’ SAVED $9400 ON FORMS ALONE

24-HOUR CEMENT USED IN L.S.U. STADIUM;
5-STORY DORMITORY UNDER GRANDSTAND

Se

Photo by Edward Agnelly. ©

Louisiana State University’s new Baton Rouge sta-
dium is a profitable structure. The concrete grand-
stand, seating 46,000, roofs a 5-story dormitory hous-
ing 1,000 students in 499 rooms; yearly rental, $108,000.
Designed by Weiss, Dreyfous & Seiferth, architects,
New Orleans, the stadium was erected with W.P.A.
labor, under supervision of George A. Caldwell, of
L.S.U. Preliminary plans indicated completion by last
New Year’s Day. By using ‘Incor’ 24-Hour Cement,
the stadium was ready for big game Thanksgiving Day
—6 weeks saved. Reason:

‘Incor’ is self-supporting 5 times as fast. You fill
forms with concrete one day, strip them the next.
That speeds completion, reduces form costs—forms
are used over and over again, fewer forms needed.

On L. S. U. stadium, for example, ‘Incor’ saved

iets

1936, by The Times-Picayune Publ. Co.

$9400 on form material alone. Not to mention 6 weeks
saved on contractor’s fixed costs or overhead. Figuring
time at a nominal $50 a day, 6 weeks saved means
$2100.

And, in winter, ‘Incor’ cuts heating costs, because
it is safe from freezing days sooner. On 5 jobs recently
surveyed, ‘Incor’ saved 45¢ to $1.22 a cu. yd. of
concrete.

Savings like these, on large jobs and small, suggest
that architects encourage contractors to figure every
job two ways—with both Lone Star and ‘Incor’.
Use ‘Incor’* if it saves money; if not, use Lone Star.
You gain either way, because better cement makes
better concrete. Write for book, “Cutting Building
Costs.’’ Lone Star Cement Corporation, Room 2245,
342 Madison Ave., New York. *Reg. U- S. Pat. Off.

LONE STAR CEMENT CORPORATION

MAKERS OF LONE STAR CEMENT...‘INCOR’

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

24-HOUR CEMENT

OCTOBER 1937

NEW CATALOGS...

Readers of AMERICAN ARCHITECT and ARCHITECTURE may secure without cost any
or all of the manufacturers’ catalogs described on this and the following page by mailing
the prepaid post card printed below after writing the numbers of the catalogs wanted.

Distribution of catalogs to draftsmen and students is optional with the manufacturers

Plumbing Fixtures

340 . . . The complete line of bath-
room and kitchen plumbing fixtures made
by Standard Sanitary Mfg. Company,
Pittsburgh, Pa., is presented in a 32-
page, full-color booklet just released.
Illustrations in color of many suggested
bathroom and kitchen layouts are shown.
Equipment described and illustrated in-
cludes lavatories, bathtubs, closets, sinks,
and cabinet sinks. A fixture color chart
is also included.

Drawing Materials

341 . . . A catalog of Koh-I-Noor
materials for the artist, architect, drafts-
man, engineer and student has been pub-
lished by Koh-I-Noor Pencil Company,
Inc., New York. Among the items de-
scribed and illustrated are drawing pen-
cils of various kinds, wax crayons,
chalks, penholders, brushes, and the like.
Prices are given for each item.

Floor Finishing

342 . . . A complete set of architec-
tural specifications covering the modern
methods of finishing all types of floor
surfaces is available from Franklin Re-
search Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

Water Heaters

343. . . Bulletin 110-A gives infor-
mation on Kleen-Tube Water Heaters
manufactured by Adams Engineering Co.,
Inc., Chicago. Installation data and de-
tails, capacities, dimensions and shipping
weights are given.

Heat Transfer Surfaces

344 . . . The features in des’gn and
construction of Young Heat Transfer
Surfaces for air conditioning and com-
mercial applications are fully detailed in
Catalog No. 4536 recently published by
Young Radiator Company, Racine, Wis.
Engineering data, piping diagrams, appli-
cations, specifications and other pertinent
information are included. Filing size;

A.LA. File 30-C-4.

Chimney Pots

345 . . . The Robinson Clay Product
Company of Akron, Ohio, is distributing
a four-page folder on chimney pots and
allied products. In addition to illustra-
tions and dimension tables, the new book-
let incorporates a method of determining
flue sizes without extensive computations,
and includes complete data on Robinson
Fire Clay Flue Linings. Filing size;

A.LA,. File 5-H-3.

Structural Insulation

340... A new twelve-page booklet
in colors describing the uses of structural
insulation in home building has recently
been prepared by The Insulite Company,
Minneapolis, Minn. It explains in lay-
man’s language the benefits which the
company claims are offered to the users
of their products. A chart is used to
show the advantages of distributing in-
sulation equally over the entire wall area
of a home

Steel Oil Burning Boilers

347... The Branford Oil Burning
Boiler is described and illustrated in a
four-page, filing sized brochure recently
published by Malleable Iron Fittings
Company, Branford, Conn. Measure-
ments and specifications are included.

Sump Pumps

348... Yeomans Automatic Electric
Heavy Duty Bilge or Sump Pumps for
drainage, flood water, effluent, boiler
blow-off, hot wells, hot sodas, and acids,
etc., are featured in Bulletin 3000 recently
published by Yeomans Brothers Com-
pany, Chicago, Illinois. Details of pump
construction and selection are shown in
charts and diagrams.

Bath Room Accessories

349 . . . Cabinet, mirrors, towel bars
and hooks, shelves, soap dishes, paper
holders, and other bathroom accessories
manuiactured by J. P. Eustis Manufac-
turing Company, Cambridge, Mass., are
cataloged in a new 24-page and cover
booklet (Catalog R). Filing size;
A. |. A. File 29-1.

NO POSTAGE

AMERICAN ARCHITECT and ARCHITECTURE

New York, N. Y.

Please have the following catalogs reviewed in this issue sent to me.

Numbers

®@ | also desire further information about the new products described in this month's

“Techniques.” .. .

Numbers

@ | would like to have catalogs and information concerning the following products adver-
(Write page number or name.)

tised in this issue.

REQUIRED ON

Toilet Compartments

350 . . . Illustrations, descriptions and
detail specifications for Mills Metal panel
type Toilet Compartments, are presented
in an 8-page catalog issued by the Mills
Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Drawings
showing standard fixture clearances with
standard enclosures are included. Filing

size; A. I. A. File 28-A-3.

Unit Heaters

351 . . . General information on the
Lee Direct Fired Unit Heater is given
in a 20-page booklet recently issued by
Dravo Corporation, Machinery Division,
Pittsburgh, Pa. The five types—oil fired,
natural gas fired, coal fired shell type,
coke oven gas fired and special industrial
—are fully described and illustrated. Fil-
ing size; A. I. A. File 30-C-14.

Cabinet Hardware

352 . . . American Cabinet Hardware
Corporation, Rockford, Illinois, has re-,
leased a 4-page folder giving detailed il-
lustrations of the correct hardware in-
stallations for flush doors and for over-
lapping lip doors. Complete working
drawings, dimensions and explanatory
data are given.

Tree Surgery

353... . The treatment and cure of
injured and diseased trees by means of
interlocking rubber blocks are discussed
in a new brochure recently published by
The Van Yahres Tree Service, West-
bury, Long Island, N. Y. Many world
famous trees which have been treated by
this method are illustrated. A section is
also devoted to the general care of trees.

THIS

() Check here for FREE copy of “WHEN YOU BUILD” booklet.

Firm name
Address

Occupation ....

October 1937

These NEW Catalogs may be obtained through

AMERICAN ARCHITECT
and ARCHITECTURE

New Pigment

354 . . . Anew booklet defining the uses
of Monastral Fast Blue BS, a product
recently announced by the E. I. duPont
de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington,
Del., has just been issued by the Dye-
stuffs Division of the Organic Chemicals
Dept. The booklet treats of the uses of
this new pigment in paint, lacquer, and
enamels, wallpaper, cements for decora-
tive purposes, and linoleum among others.
In several instances samples of the use
of the new shades are carried in the
booklet.

Anti-Vibration Products

355... “Eliminating Vibration Losses”
is the title of a new booklet issued by
The Korfund Co., Inc., Long Island
City, N. Y., which gives complete infor-
mation on the anti-vibration products
manufactured by this concern, and their
application to specific installations of
machines under various conditions.

Porcelain Enameled Iron

356 . . . Ferro Enamel Corporation,
Cleveland, Ohio, has issued a portfolio of
porcelain enamel construction details. A
few typical jobs with photographs and the
construction details which apply to each
are shown. Also included is a file sheet
showing the construction details which
would be encountered in the average job,
together with complete specifications.
Filing size; A. I. A. File 15-H-12.

Air Conditioning

357... A direct answer to the ques-
tion “What Is Air Conditioning” is given
in a new 32-page publication by Fair-
banks, Morse & Company, Chicago. The
booklet also contains discussions and il-
lustrations of the various types of air
conditioning units, their functions and
their applications. Fairbanks-Morse cen-
tral system air conditioners are described
in detail.

Welded Piping Systems

358 . . . The advantages of welded
joints in installing piping systems are dis-
cussed in a 12-page, illustrated booklet
published by The Linde Air Products
Company, New York. Sections are de-
voted to pipe and services to be welded;
lighter than standard weight pipe; weld-
ing methods; layout, drawings and speci-
fications ; welded joints and fittings ; plan
of construction; shop and field fabrica-
tion, and piping erection. :

Sectional Partitions

359 . . . Art Metal Sectional Sound
Insulated Partitions are featured in a
well-illustrated 32-page brochure recently
released by Art Metal Construction Com-
pany, Jamestown, N. Y. Installation de-
tails, specifications, fabrication methods,
a typical floor plan and installation are
all described or illustrated.

Sash Balances

360 . . . A four-page folder issued
by The Caldwell Manufacturing Co.,
Rochester, N. Y., gives detailed instruc-
tions for the installation of Caldwell Sash
Balances, together with detail drawings,
prices, styles available, and specifications.

Color for Concrete

361 . . . The advantages in the use
of Emulsified Carbon Black in coloring
concretes and mortars is fully explained
in an 8-page booklet issued by Binney &
Smith Co., New York. A tentative speci-
fication form is included.

Decorative Water Plastic

362 . . . American Polytect Corpora-
tion, New York, has issued a small folder
giving details about its product, Polytect,
a modern water plastic which is applied
like paint on wall and ceilings or any
solid surface. Three swatches show the
effects obtainable with this material.

FIRST CLA
PERMIT NO.
&
N

SS
5

(Sec. 510 P

NEW YORK

R
» ¥.

BUSINESS REPLY CARD

NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY

IF MAILED

IN THE UNITED STATES

2¢.

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY

AMERICAN ARCHITECT
and ARCHITECTURE

572 Madison Avenue

New York, N. Y.

ss ee

Tile

363 . . . Complete descriptive data and
full color illustrations of Sparta Golden
Pheasant Tile and Sparta Faiencettes
are given in a new four-page folder re-
cently published by The Sparta Ceramic
Company, East Sparta, Ohio.

Fans

364 .. . A revised four-page bulletin
incorporating minimum recommended
standards of gauges of steel for fan hous-
ing is offered by National Association
of Fan Manufacturers, Detroit, Michigan.

Copper and Brass Products

365 . . . A consumer brochure con-
taining 32 pages entitled “The House
You Live In” issued by Revere Copper
and Brass Incorporated, New York, has
much of interest to the architect. Well
illustrated, the booklet demonstrates the
part copper and brass play in the well
constructed house such as in roofing, the
water supply system, in heating and air
conditioning, and in other uses.

Electric Pump

366 . . . The Weil Type B Certrifu-
gal Electropump for general service is
described in Bulletin R5500 issued by
Weil Pump Company, Chicago. Tables
of capacities, heads, horse power, and
approximate dimensions are included.

Condensate Return Units

367 .. . A new bulletin (No. 1972-B)
issued by Ingersoll-Rand Company, New
York, describes the Cameron Motorpump
Condensate Return Unit and shows many
of its applications. The bulletin also con-
tains information regarding sizes, capaci-
ties and specifications.

Metal Awnings

368 . . . The Sunvent Metal Awning
Company, New York, explains the ad-
vantages of using Sunvent Metal Awn-
ings for the home, apartment, hotel, of-
fice, hospital, etc., in a four-page book-
let. Filing size; A. I. A. File 35-p-2.

Purger for Refrigerating Systems

369... The new Frick Purger for
refrigerating systems using either am-
monia or Freon-12 is discussed in a four-
page bulletin (No. 200-D) issued by
Frick Company, Waynesboro, Pa. In-
stallation and operation are fully ex-
plained and illustrated.

Air Eliminator

370 . . . Bulletin No. 104, a four-page
booklet issued by Gorton Heating Cor-
poration, Cranford, N. J., pertains to
Gorton High Pressure Air Eliminator for
automatically venting driers, steam coils,
traps, etc. under operating pressures up

to 150 Ibs.

14 Story Bank Building Completely Air Conditioned

WITHOUT INTERRUPTING BUSINESS

Skillful Installation of
Carrier System Prevents Loss
of Single Day’s Activities

A

a) NO “YOUNGSTER,” the Whitney National Bank Building in New Orleans was

erected 27 years ago

in 1910. Two years ago the owners decided to install
Carrier Air Conditioning, and, thanks to Carrier Technique,

was done without inconvenience to the bank or its rental tenants.

2 WHILE THE CITY SLEPT, ductwork to carry the conditioned air
was put in place, covered with metal lathing preparatory to plas-
tering. Each morning, the workmen were gone—and with them all
traces of construction debris.

Let Carrier Solve YOUR Problems

@ Planning to air condition an office building? A theatre?
A hotel? A residence? Any enclosed space? Then call
Carrier—no matter how large or small the job may be.

For Carrier, through devoting 35 years exclusively to
air conditioning—through making countless installations
in 99 countries of the world—has developed a technique
that saves you time, saves you money, and assures lasting
satisfaction with the completed job. Take Blauner’s retail
store in Philadelphia, for example. There the architect was
faced with the problem of providing air conditioning for
eight separate buildings—each with varying ceiling and
floor levels—from a central plant. Carrier solved the prob-
lem. In Cleveland, air conditioning was required for the
12th floor of a building where the water supply was limited
by old-fashioned water mains. Again Carrier provided the
answer. And the files are filled with such examples.

There's no obligation involved in enlisting the assistance
of your Carrier representative. Why not call him today?

@ MACHINES LIKE THIS — Carrier
Centrifugal Compressors, provide the
necessary refrigeration and work in
connection with a Carrier Central
Dehumidifier. This equipment was
also installed without interference to
daily business,

(3) COMPLETED, the offices look like
this—all ductwork concealed, with
merely an attractive grill to indicate
where the cool, clean, properly
humidified air enters the room. More
than 1,400 such outlets were used
throughout the building.

the complete job

i

CARRIER CORPORATION, Desk 525
Syracuse, New York

Without obligation send me [] name

of nearest Carrier representative;
] Catalog in Sweet's

Name

Company

Address
City

A Colonial Lantern—executed with the same
care and skill as the hall for which you
specify it. Modern manufacturing and dis-
tribution facilities make it possible to enjoy
Lightolier fixtures at attractive prices. Plan
the lighting when you're planning. Write
for “The Charm of a Well Lighted Home.”

IGHTOLIER

11 EAST 36 STREET, NEW YORK
CHICAGO °* LOS ANGELES
SAN FRANCISCO

GUARDIAN of PROFITS

Refrigerator fronts in all special finishes, such
as monel, chrome nickel steel, porcelain, etc.

Refrigeration plants noted for high efficiency

prove every day that JAMISON-BUILT COLD
STORAGE DOORS increase income by reducing
outgo. Faster operation, tighter seal, modern im-
provements, and longer wear are the reasons
... For maximum profit, specify only JAMISON-
BUILT DOORS. Free bulletin on request.
JAMISON COLD STORAGE Door Co.

Mi

Jam

~ Steve )
eve V

HAGERSTOWN, MD., U.S.A.
Branches in principal cities

+ BUILT DOORS ‘
a .

See Our Catalog in Sweet’s Catalog File

N-

UNITED STATES BUILDING AT NEW YORK WORLD'S Fair

The Government’s building at the New York World's Fair
1939, is to be designed by the Procurement Division of the
Treasury Department, and Howard L. Cheney has been
appointed as the designing architect. Eugene F. Savage,
painter and sculptor, and a member of the Federal Com-
mission of Fine Arts, has been appointed to design the mural
decorations. Edward H. Burdick has been appointed Direc-
tor of Exhibits in the building, and it is interesting to note
that Mr. Burdick is a graduate of architecture of the Uni-
versity of California. He was director of the exhibits in the
United States Building at the Dallas Centennial, and in 1932
he was engaged in the architectural department of Chicago's
Century of Progress Exposition, being in charge of the
design and construction of scale models.

STREET CARS FOR HOUSING

Fifteen discarded street cars are likely to be used as an
emergency measure for housing as many families in Detroit.
The Street Railway officials have offered to turn over the cars
to the Welfare Department without cost. The Welfare De-
partment now pays an average of twenty dollars a month to
landlords housing families on the relief rolls, and it has be-
come more and more difficult to find landlords willing to rent
properties at that figure.

Partitions are to be erected in each street car, dividing this
space into three or four rooms. In each car there will be in-
stalled a toilet, stove, sink, and drop leaf table. Electric light,
water, and sewer connections will be added to each car. It
is planned to establish the cars near an old public school, and
the families dwelling in the cars will use the shower baths
in the basement of the school. In warm weather the children
could utilize the school playground. All of which is to be
regarded simply as an emergency measure for the duration of
the housing shortage.

AIR COOLING IN CAIRO

American science worked behind the scenes to keep His
Majesty Farouk the First comfortably cool while he was
being invested July 29 as the King of Independent Egypt.

The youthful monarch took oath in the air conditioned
Assembly Chamber of Parliament Hall, Cairo.

Farouk the First ordered the system so that it would be
in operation for the colorful ceremony. He sent Abdel Rabh-
man Feyed, Egyptian engineer, to study air conditioning
first hand and learn how to operate the Cairo system. He
returned to Cairo with Peter Gray, American engineer, and
the apparatus, which has a capacity of 150 tons. The installa-
tion was rushed to completion just in time for the ceremony.

COMPETITION FOR ELEVATED HIGHWAY

The American Institute of Steel Construction sponsors a
national competition to produce an improved design for an
elevated vehicular highway. It is hoped that something may
be developed that will better conform to the architectural
requirements of city streets.

The design competition will be open to all architects,
engineers and others interested throughout the United States
For the best design a cash prize of $5,000 will be paid. There

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER /937

| be
-ah-
ling
He
and
illa-

my.

rs a
r an
may
ural

ects,
ates.

here

1937

XUM

Garden Decoration

and Ornament
for Smaller Houses

by G. A. Jellicoe

The author, who is well known as a town-planner and designer of houses and gardens,
analyzes in this profusely illustrated volume the structural features and ornaments of
gardens for small country houses, suburban and town houses. The London Times
Literary Supplement praised it for its “beautifully chosen illustrations” and spoke of it

as “of a quality rare in modern garden books .

. . full of stimulating ideas.” Country

Life says “it should be of great value to home and estate owners and garden lovers

all over the world.”

$6.00

The

Supervision of Construction

by W. W. Beach

This book is perhaps the first comprehensive treatment
of the supervision of construction to be published and
is indispensable to architects, engineers, construction
superintendents, technical libraries, students and all
interested in architecture and engineering. Written by
one of the best-known architect-engineers in the Mid-
dle West, it is an authentic, up-to-date handbook that
fills a long-felt need. Within its 488 pages are included
all the details of the superintendent’s work; there are
appendices, 20 diagrams and illustrations. $6.00

Contents
The Duties of Superintendents
A Superintendent's Records
The First Day on the Job
Beginning the Work
Contract Changes
Foundations and Masonry Materials
Concrete Form-Work
Concrete Work
Concrete Reinforcement and Other Built-in Members
Waterproofing and Dampproofing
Finishing Concrete Surfaces
Roughing-in by Pipe Trades
Job Progress
Masonry
Terra-cotta, Cut-stone, and Pre-cast Stone
Structural Steel
Miscellaneous Metal-work
Structural Carpentry
Roofing and Sheet-metal-work
Furring, Lathing and Plastering
Marble-work and Tiling
Finish Carpentry
Finish Hardware
Glass and Glazing
Painting and Varnishing
Electric Work
Heating and Ventilating
Plumbing
Completion and Acception
Cost-plus Construction

CHARLES SCRIBN

R’'S SONS

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

119

BUILDING A ROOM
AROUND A FIREPLACE

Symbol of the hospitality of the house . . . architectural
focal point of the room ... the simple Regency mantel
is perfect for the interior photographed above.

Whatever type of room you're planning you'll find the
authentic mantel and accessories at Wm. H. Jackson's
where the collection of antiques and reproductions has
been famous for over a hundred years! Free consulta-
tion on construction problems.

Wn. H. JACKSON COMPANY
Ainoplac
New York

C
C POVWYUSMH HY JOCK Mee

16 East 52nd Street

Reduces
Fuel Losses

POWERS Hot
Water Tank Regulator

Ends
Hot Water
Complaints

Pays back its cost several times a year

VERHEAT ED water causes complaints,
wastes fuel — shortens life of valves and
plumbing fixtures and increases deposit of lime
in pipes. @ Powers regulators will help to reduce

these losses. Install them on your hot water heaters.

They keep the water at the right temperature. Fuel

savings alone often pay back their cost several times a

year. As they usually last 10 to 15 years they pay big

dividends. Write for Bulletin 2035.

The Powers Regulator Co.

Offices in 45 Cities. See your phone

directory. 2751 Greenview

Avenue, Chicago; 231 E. 46th

Street, New York City; 1808 West

8th Street, Los Angeles.

45 Years of Temperature Control

POWERS

AUTOMATIC

POWERS
TANK THERMOMETER HOT WATER
f OUTLET

POWERS No. 11
REGULATOR -
\ k \:

STEAM
RETURN

WATER TEMPERATURE CONTROL

120

will be a second prize of $2,000, a third prize of $1,000, ana
ten prizes of $100 each. Only employes of the American
Institute of Steel Construction may not compete.

The competition will close March 31, 1938. A jury to
select the prize-winning designs will consist of Harland
Bartholomew, City Planner of St. Louis; Col. Willard T,
Chevalier, President of the American Road Builders Asso-
ciation; Paul P. Cret, Architect of Philadelphia; Loran D,
Gayton, City Engineer of Chicago; Paul G. Hoffman, Presi-
dent of the Studebaker Corporation ; Albert Kahn, Architect
of Detroit, and C. M. Pinckney, City Engineer of New York.

A program giving full details may be had upon application
to the American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., 200

Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y.
*
THE PRODUCERS' COUNCIL

Seven large companies have been recently admitted to mem-
bership in the Producers’ Council, according to an announce-
ment by Russell G. Creviston, president.

These companies include the International Nickel Co.,
National Radiator Co. of Johnstown, Pa., and The Flintkote
Co. of New York, Detroit Steel Co. of Detroit, Curtis Com-
panies of Clinton, lowa, Gladding McBean Co. of San Fran-
cisco, and the Richmond Serew Anchor Co. of Brooklyn.

These companies bring the total membership of the Pro-
ducers’ Council, which is affiliated with the American Insti-
tute of Architects, to fifty-one.

*
EXHIBITORS ADVISORY COUNCIL

Additions to membership in the Exhibitors Advisory Coun-
cil are: Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pa.—rep-
resentative: S. H. Yorks, Advertising Department ; General
Alloys Company, 387-405 West Ist Street,
representative: H. H. Harris, president; Iron Fireman
Manufacturing Company, 3170 West 106th Street, Cleve-
land, Ohio—representative: Dale Wylie, Sales Promotion
Manager.

,oston, Mass.—

2
COMING EVENTS

The American Institute of Steel Construction will hold its
Fifteenth Annual Convention at the Greenbrier Hotel, White
Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, the last week in October.
General business sessions will be in the mornings of October
26 to 29, inclusive, leaving afternoons free for special func-
tions, conferences, and group meetings.

*
The Annual Convention, National Association of Real Estate
3oards will be held in Pittsburgh, the week of October 18
to 23.

e
The Porcelain Enamel Institute will hold its Seventh Annual
Meeting in Chicago, October 11 and 12. The Second Port-
land Enamel Institute Forum will be conducted at the Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio, October 13, 14, and 15.

e
The National Metal Congress opens October 18, in Atlantic
City, N. J.

ae

OBITUARIES

Robert Waterman Gardner, architect and archaeologist,
died September 7, in the Southampton Hospital, Southamp-

ton, Long Island. Major Gardner’s home was at Hampton

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

XUM

a

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

BRIXMENT

CAN'T CAUSE

EFFLORESCENCE

F YOU are troubled by efflorescence

on your brickwork, use Brixment for
mortar. *« + Brixment never causes efHlo-
rescence because it is so free from soluble
salts. Even when soluble salts are present
in the sand or brick, the waterproofing
in Brixment prevents their being brought
to the surface. + +« Easier to mix. Makes
more plastic mortar—enables the _brick-
layer to do faster, neater, more econom-
ical work. Waterproofed. Won't fade
mortar colors. Is stronger than the brick
itself. One part Brixment, three parts
sand, make perfect mortar for all masonry
and stucco. Louisville Cement Company,

Incorporated, Louisville, Kentucky. « +*«

=

OCTOBER 1937

Samson Spot Sash Cord has never
abused the confidence of an archi-
tect, builder, dealer or user.
Known for more than 40 years
as the most durable material
for hanging windows. Made
in one grade only from the
finest 3-ply cotton yarn,
spun in our own mills.
Firmly braided and Cs
smoothly finished to Gs
resist wear and ,&
stretch. Always
identified by the
Colored Spots —
our trade-

mark.

In addition to Samson
Spot, we manufacture
other brands of sash
cord to meet all re-
quirements for quality
and price; also braided
cord of all kinds and
sizes including awning
line, mason’s line, shade
cord, venetian blind
cord, etc. Samples glad-
ly sent upon request.

SAMSON

CORDAGE WORKS
BOSTON, MASS.

NEW!! A
DRAWING PENCIL

CREATED FOR MODERN
DRAFTING ROOM USE

With the introduction of the Mars Lumograph
Pencil, reproductions from pencil originals
became universally practical. A new, patented
light resisting element, found only in Mars
Lumograph, produces sharp, clear blueprints.
It is no longer necessary to make tracings, or
“ink in” your finished work. The majority of
your drawings can be blueprinted successfully
from your Mars Lumograph originals.

Give your pencil drawings a new
blueprinting strength with the Mars
Lumograph pencil. There are seven-
teen true degrees, from ExExB to 7H.

THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR

MARS LUMOGRAPH

EACH

J.S.STAEDTLER, Inc. 7 $1.50 PER
53-55 WORTH ST., NEW YORK j DOZEN
DISTRIBUTORS Ask your

dealer, or
write for a
trial order.
When ordering, please
specify degrees wanted.

KEUFFEL & ESSER CO. CHARLES BRUNINGCG.., Inc.
Hoboken afd New York New York, Chicago and
and Branches Branches

122

Bays, Long Island, N. Y. He was born in Jackson, Miss.,
attended school in Buffalo, and studied architecture with
Vaux & Radford, and also with Clarence Luce in New York
City, from 1887 to 1891. He began his practice in New York
in 1905.

Major Gardner, who was in the Ordnance Depart-
ment, U. S. Auxiliary Reserve, was known in the profession
chiefly for his researches in the possible mathematical bases
of design in Greek architecture. Major Gardner was the
author of “The Parthenon: Its Science of Forms,” in
which he developed the theory that the Greeks achieved their
mastery of proportion solely by means of the square and
compass.

Major Gardner was for a time a lecturer on reinforced
concrete at New York University. He was a former presi-
dent of the New York Society of Craftsmen.

e

OF THE OFFICES

Upon the retirement of Lois Lilley Howe, F.A.I.A., from
active practice, the architectural firm of Howe, Manning &
Almy has been dissolved. Miss Howe will be available for
consultation at 2 Appleton Street, Cambridge, Mass. Mrs.
Eleanor Manning O’Connor, A.I.A., will continue in active
practice with an office at 381 Beacon Street, Boston, and
Miss Mary Almy, A.I.A., will continue in active practice
with an office at 101 Tremont Street, Boston.

Stanley Worth Hahn, A.I.A., announces the opening of an
office for the practice of architecture in the Muskegon Build-
ing, Muskegon, Mich.

leek etch wee aabel=

WE vente
f
le telertae|
Wood Construction

GINEERS,

Develo .
t Modern yction
Lil Wood nage on the job

ta, charts an
s of er da a es

$402

on
tables at —

brikoid bindin
- on, Interstate Bank

Southern Pine Association
New Orleans, La., U. S. A.

d by the Sout
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AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

Sas sie

be

Op

ODERN OFFICES:

» the attractive and functionally adequate design of C. Coggswell for a modern
office, Formica was used for desk tops and ledges because of its durability and
the fact that it is not spotted by cigarettes or ordinary liquids.

It is the ability of Formica to stand up and retain for a long period its original
appearance that has made Formica so popular for desk and counter tops of all
kinds, counter paneling, column covering, wainscot, and veneers on doors.

This practical value is accompanied by beauty. There are more than 70 colors, and
inlays of one color over another can be made as well as inlays of simple designs
in metal. Let us send you our literature including a large
number of suggested designs in full color.

THE FORMICA INSULATION COMPANY, 4621 SPRING GROVE AVENUE, CINCINNATI, OHIO

ORMICA FOR FURNITURE AND FIXTURES -

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 123

TREND S$ — (Continued from page 16)

in the Wagner-Steagall Housing pro-
gram. According to a newspaper dis-
patch, to receive grants under the Act for
slum clearance and low-rent housing con-
struction, cities must have “a population
of more than 230,000 and less than
250,000” thus excluding every big
Texas city except San Antonio! Maybe
it will be straightened out before opera-
tion of the Act begins.

A bulletin has been received from the
Federation of Architects, Engineers,

Chemists and Technicians relative to the
third annual convention of that group in
Detroit the second week in October. Be-
cause of current interest in the activities
of such organizations, we quote this bulle-
tin in full:

“An extensive national drive to organ-
ize the technical and professional men in
industry throughout the country with the
aid of the CIO and its international
unions, will get under way at the third
annual convention of the Federation of
Architects, Engineers, Chemists and
Technicians to be held at the Book-Cadil-
lac Hotel, Detroit, October 7-8-9-10.

Venetian
F Blinds

FOR EVERY
PURPOSE

peo are three classifications of Columbia Venetian BLINDS. Each de-
signed and built for its special purpose. There is the popular “‘Residen-

tial” designed especially for homes. The “Imperial” and ‘‘Controlite” for

commercial installations, in offices, public buildings, and wherever a
sturdy, well built BLIND, guaranteed to meet the most rigorous tests is
required. These blinds are built for areas as large as 250 square feet. The
Columbia BLIND illustrated (15’ x 10’) is operated by a unique patented
device which is so sensitive that the BLIND may be lowered or raised by a

one-finger pull. Special detailed drawings with illustrations have been

prepared, giving important designing data for unusual BLIND installations.

Write for your copy of “Architectural Data Sheets No. 1"

124

THE COLUMBIA MILLS, Inc., 225 Fifth Ave., New York

“The Federation was chartered by the
CIO as the union to which technica! and
professional employes will belong, and
through which these groups may arrange
their economic adjustments with the vari-
ous firms for which they work. In this
way the technical professionals will be
better able to work out their own prob-
lems and also to co-operate with the plant
CIO unions,

“The Convention is significant in that
it is the first to be held by a CIO union
of professionals and has been made pos-
sible through the close co-operation of the
CIO. During the past few months mem-
bership in the Federation has reached the
5,000 mark and the group is receiving
active support from other technical groups
that comprise an additional 4,000 mem-
bers.

“Speakers who have been invited to the
Convention include Senators Wagner and
Robert La Follette, Coleman Woodbury
and others. Adolph Germer, CIO Re-
gional Director for Michigan, will repre-
sent the CIO. In addition invitations
are extended to all engineering societies
as well as technical men everywhere to
either send delegates or be present in
person.

“The aims of the Federation are set
forth briefly in the call to the Convention,
a copy of which follows.”

In this the aims of the convention are
stated to be:

“This call goes out in answer to the
challenge of modern times, of changing
trends and conditions of which the tech-
nical professions have been forced to take
heed—to make new appraisals of their
scientific and technological contributions,
of their social relationships and economic
needs.

“This call is more than a call to our
membership alone. It is an invitation to
members of the technical professions and
their societies to attend a series of extra-
convention important
questions raised by the report, June 1937,
of the Sub-Committee on Technology t
the National Resources Committee, ap-
pointed by President Roosevelt. These
sessions, dealing with the social and eco-

sessions on the

nomic aspects of technology, will en-
deavor to develop new understandings,
policies and organizational forms neces-
sary for immediate guidance and in an-
ticipation of the future. What can the
technical professions do through or-
ganized effort to secure the benefits of
modern science and technology in relation
to productivity and utilization of re-
sources, human needs, employment op-
portunities and ‘the abundant life’?
“This call is an invitation to the study
of organization, of the achievements, pro-
grams and plans of technical professional
men and women who have organized for
economic security, for unifying their ef-
forts with those of others to secure im-
proved working and living conditions.
“This call marks the advance and

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

paration for further development by
FAECT which, after four years of
ievement as an independent economic
anization, has moved into closer co-
ration and affiliation with the most
gressive force of organized labor, the
mmittee for Industrial Organization.

r advances have been further marked

only by gains in improved salaries

| conditions of work but in influence

matters of planning and_ legislation
affecting both ourselves and society at
large. We have signally succeeded in
organization of the technical personnel
in the mass production industries, in civil
service and in professional offices.

“Our efforts to improve professional
and economic standards in all fields have
been welcomed by the co-operation of
other organized groups in many profes-
sions. The solution to our problems lies
in further co-operation toward our com-
We therefore urge that
you participate in this convention, hoping
that out of this initial step will grow the
basis for relationships and accomplish-
ments of mutual benefit. You are cor-
dially invited to attend our convention,
to send fraternal delegates or observers.
and to invite your membership to attend
the special sessions.”

Ropert MIFFLIN SENTMAN,
National President.

FAIRS
APPOINTMENT OF SCULPTORS—one of the
first necessities in planning any fair—
has been announced by San Francisco’s
Golden Gate International Exposition,
which will be held in 1939 on Treasure
Island.

Edgar Walter, with Olaf C. Malm-
quist, William G. Huff and Adelaide
Kent, were chosen by Arthur Brown, Jr.,
head of the architectural commission, to

mon objectives.

work out decoration of the central tower,
central court and its pavilions. Haig
Patigan was chosen, with Ettore Cadovin
and P. O. Tognelli, to carry out sculpture
for the north long court, south court and
gardens—designed by the late George
W. Kelham. The north square court has
been assigned to Ralph Stackpole, who
will be Jacques Schnier,
Brents Carlton, Sargent Johnson, Carl
George, Adelaide Kent, Ruth Wakefield
and Cecilia Graham. Selected by archi-
tect Lewis P. Hobart to adorn the east
long court and east square were Walter,
Schnier, Michael Von Meyer, Huff and
David Slivka. Sculptors for the Temple
of Music, Lake of All Nations and East
towers—designed by William G. Mer-
chant—will be Schnier, Lulu H. Bra-
ghetta, Beniamino Bufano, Von Meyer,
Robert B. Howard, and Huff. Donald
Macky will do sculpture — under archi-
tects Ernest E. Weihe and John Bakewell,
Jr.—for the main entrance towers and
ferry boat terminal. Edward L. Frick is
chief of the Exposition’s division of archi-
tecture.

assisted by

SCHOOLS

THIS BEING THE BACK-TO-SCHOOL SEA-
SON, we have received catalogs and
notices from several centers of learning
which pertain to architecture and allied
subjects. Having got under way the
latter part of September, all these insti-
tutions are now in full swing—with the
following newsworthy additions and
amendments to their curricula:

The New School for Social Research,
of New York City is offering quite a
few extension courses having to do with

architecture and art. Chief of these are:

Contemporary Housing and Rehousing, a
lecture series under the chairmanship of
Charles Abrams. Construction and In-
teriors as a Mirror of Our Times, con-
ducted by Paul Zucker; Interior Plan-
ning, taught by Hilde Reiss; Sculpture
in Wood and Stone—Jose de Creeft; and
Mural Painting in Oil and Frese«
by Camilo Egas.

New York University
course in Housing by Carol

», taught

is sponsoring
1 \ronovici
which will trace the evolution of housing,
its present status in the U. S. and Euro-
pean experience in housing applicable t
our problems.

MULL

Large Ceramic Mosaic Mounted Tile of highest quality, with every

economical advantage in initial cost and cost of setting.

Sizes up

to 4x4” at the same list prices as ordinary small units. Attractive
color range in flat tones, also five fireflashed colors in variegated
hues: Post Office Brown, Golden Pheasant, Lustro Brown, Moki and

Silver Gray.

Let us save your time by offering helpful suggestions

for your specifications. Write for new Bulletin in full color.

THE

SPARTA CERAMIC CO.

110 East 42nd St. LExington 2-1618

PLANT AT EAST SPARTA, OHIO

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AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE. OCTOBER 1937

d

Moderate Cost

AGRE FLOOR AREA
FECEWES BALANCED
HEATING SERUIGE

Webster Moderator System Meets
Needs of The Port of New York
Authority Commercial Building

USED BY 8 TRUNK RAILROADS

135,642 Sq. Ft. of Installed Direct
Radiation Under Control in 15-
Story, Block-Square Building

New York, N. Y—An immense Com-
mercial Building built in 1932 to facili-
tate movement of freight in the great
metropolitan area has secured economi-
cal, trouble-free heating service with a
five-zone Webster Moderator System.

Owned by The Port of New York
Authority, this Commercial Building,
with 42 acres of floor space, presents
under a single roof all the a prob-
lems of a large merchandising and man-
ufacturing community.

With a single Outdoor Thermostat to
vary the steam supply to the entire sys-
tem and five Variators to permit modi-
fication of steam delivery to meet the
requirements of each heating zone, the
Webster Moderator System has main-
tained desired temperatures in business
offices, lofts and manufacturing sections
on 14 floors above the ground floor.

The Port of New York Authority Commercial Bldg.,
8th and 9th Avenues, 15th and 16th Streets

During February, 1937, more than four
years after the original installation was
made, the Webster Moderator System
demonstrated its economy by heating the
Port Authority Commercial Building with
.036 Ibs. of steam per degree day per
thousand cubic feet of contents.

Abbott, Merkt & Co., Inc., well-known
New York firm of Architects and Engi-
neers, specified the Webster Moderator
System for this large installation. Jarcho
Brothers, Inc., of New York, acted as
heating contractors under the Turner
Construction Co., the general contractors.
There is a total of 135,642 square feet of
installed direct radiation under control.

These before-and-after facts point the way to
maximum comfort and economy in heating
new buildings aswell as in modernization of
existing installations. Consult your architect,
engineer or heating contractor. Or address
WARREN WEBSTER & CO., Camden, N. J.

Pioneers of the Vacuum System of Steam Heating
Representatives in 60 principal U.S. Cities —Est. 1

126

im |

|

|tics of

NYU is also conducting lecture courses
at the Metropolitan Museum of Art,

many of which will attract an architec- |

tural audience. The first term of these

lectures began on September 23rd, the |

second term being scheduled to get under
way February 2, 1938.

The Henry Wright Library has been
established at the Federation Technical
School as a “living memorial” to Henry
Wright, one of America’s foremost plan-
ners, and will be used as a working li-
brary by students in this department.

Columbia University announces _ its
usual complete array of evening courses
under the supervision of the University’s
Department of Architecture. Nineteet
courses are offered, which cover Acous-
Buildings, Air Conditioning,
3uilding Construction, Design, Graphics:
Housing Developments and Urbanism
Modern Materials and Theory of Archi
tecture and Research.

Pratt Institute of Brooklyn is making
several innovations in its school of Fine
and Applied Arts. A new subject has
been added to the curriculum . .
Economic Architecture,” which is being
taught by Marshall Shaffer, of Washing-
ton, D. C. and New York City. A second
addition to the architectural faculty is
Theodore Kautzky, who will teach presen-
tation and rendering.

. “Socio-

The Architectural course at Pratt In-
stitute is being extended this fall from |

| three years to four.

TECHNICAL
DIGEST
(Continued from page 102)

The

latter method may employ either

Wolman Salts or chromated zinc chloride. |
| Creosote should be used only for under-
| ground timber, etc., since :t is odorous
and unsuitable as a base for paint. Only |

foundation timbers, those in contact with |
| ground, cellar partitions, stairs, siding
|for 18 inches from grade, lattices,. first
| floor joists, first sub-floor, plates and sills
| On masonry foundations need be treated.

This means 70-80% of lumber used in

average house does not need protection.

PLANNING

Hospitals—Reference article. (F. E. Town-
drow, R. L. Stubbs & B. E. Verstone). Design
and Construction (London). JI'37:340-361 ptv

Descriptive analysis of examples and
brief text on services adjacent to operat-
ing theaters. Views and plans of eight
British hospitals and sanatoria, five oper-
ating theaters, and two foreign hospitals.
Several detail photos.

Planetaria. (C. A. B. Garay}. Revista de
Arquitectura (Buenos Aires). Je'37:261-265
dpstv

A short reference article in Spanish
giving history and development of the

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

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ELEVATORS

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STAIR CLIMBING

Introducing the Latest Idea
In Modern Home Comfort

It had to come! The day of weary, heart-
straining stair climbing is over for those
who prefer every modern convenience in
their home. Sedgwick Residence Eleva-
tors are now available for general home
use in new electric styles. Push button
control. Automatic features. Safe and
smooth riding. And at a cost moderate
enough to offer no serious obstacle to
those who are building even a modest
residence. Instal-
lations can be
made readily in
old residences
with surprisingly
little alteration
work in most
instances.

In families where

age or infirmity

makes stair

pee climbing difficult

. or impossible,

Sedgwick Resi-

dence afford an unequalled

convenience. Where desired, manually
operated elevators can be supplied.

Elevators

For further details see
Sweet’s Catalogue or write direct to us.
SEDGWICK

MACHINE WORKS
Established 1893

162 West 15th Street
New York, N. Y.

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Address

OCTOBER 1937

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TEXTONE

FOR TEXTURING WALLS

Combine with TEXOLITE for Colorful
Interiors of Enduring Beauty

1. Painter mixes
Textone with water
as needed.

2. He applies Tex-
tone with regular
wall brush.

3. Unique textures
are easily created.

4. One coat Texolite
gives colorful finish.

@ To provide attractive, dur-
able walls and ceilings in keep-
ing with the vogue for colorful
textures, specify Textone* and
the new low-cost method of
texturing developed by USG.
The painter simply mixes
Textone with water, applies a
single coat, and textures as de-
sired. He then applies one coat
of Texolite*, The New Prin-
ciple Paint, in the client’s color
choice. The result is a modern
interior of lasting beauty—
delivered more simply, in
less time, and at low cost.
Textone is the time-tested,
proved texturing material used
for years by leading decora-
tors for both new and old
work. It is adaptable to almost
any surface; lends itself to any
treatment. For free Color
Guide showing theory of color
and illustrating color harmo-
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FOR YOUR PROTECTION,
USG PRODUCTS BEAR

THIS TRADE-MARK IDEN-
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UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

| liminary

planetarium abroad and in America. |
There are views and plans of several ex- |
amples and a few construction details.

Recent developments in city planning and
housing in the U. S. A. (R. L. Reiss, oo

paper). Architect & Building News. 16 JI’
93-94 ¢
A brief survey, frank and comprehen-

sive. Among topics discussed in a pre-
are: governinent, corrup-
tion, local taxation, high buildings, resi-
dential decentralization, racial differences
and individualism. The city planning and
housing situation in 1932 is rightly
scribed as “terrible.” Activities during
the past four and a half years are de-
scribed and explained, ending with the
Green Belt Town Projects.

Way

de-

Italian pavilion at Paris Exposition 1937.
Casabella (Milan). J1'37:14-33 ptv

Includes thirty photo views of modern
display methods. Lengthy Italian and
French captions.

PLUMBING

Solar water heaters. Domestic Engineering.
Ag'37:74-76 dst

Widely used in California and Florida,
this equipment may be designed to work
by solar heat alone, or arranged to carry
over spells of cloudy weather with aux-
heating.
Because of

iliary
the short effective sun
period the storage tank must be sized to
carry over a 16-hour supply. But tank
need hold only 62%% of daily hot water
demand. The tank and piping to heater
must be well insulated and the tank must
be elevated well above the heater.

The heater is a glazed, white-painted
“hot-box” enclosing a pipe coil.
pipe, 1% inch (or smaller pipes in parallel
equalling 144 inches) is recommended
and it is estimated that % sq. ft. of pipe
surface is required for each gallon used

Ce ypper

per day when temperature does not go
below 70° F. in the daytime. The box

should be angled for sun’s rays at noon.

Water heating. Domestic Engineering. Ag'37:
70-73, 165-167 dt
Study of safety

domestic hot water
three conditions, excessive temperature,
pressure or vacuum, can cause failure and
consequent hazard to equipment and life.
Each of these is considered at length with
diagrams explaining various arrange-
ments of the piping and control of the re-
lief devices.

measures in designing

systems. Any one of

Circuit or loop venting. Domestic Engi-
neering. Ag'37:82-85 st

Diagrams and text discussing bathroom
connections, crown venting, fresh air in-
lets, single traps, drainage fittings, peak
loads and condensing tanks.

OCTOBER 1937

For Colorful Interiors,
' Comparison Favors...

-TEXOLITE

NEW PRINCIPLE PAINT

Gives More Coverage Per
Gallon — More
Hiding Power Per Coat

@ For soft pastels or deep,
brilliant colors . .. for high
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paint. One gallon of Texolite
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water makes one and one-half
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money! In addition, it goes
farther—gives more coverage
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hides completely; dries in one
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It contains no oil to dim its
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‘paint odors” or fire hazards.
Texolite comes in ten pastel
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And it is durable — will not
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USG PRODUCTS BEAR THIS
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Light Reflection!
Texolite white re-
geste about 90% of
tight.

UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY
300 West Adams Street,
_ Please send me free Color Guide and
literature on Texolite and Textone.

Chicago, Illinois

AAA-10

Address
City

UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY

127

STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE IN PLANNING

Hotel Bedrooms and Baths

Nox: month AMERICAN ARCHITECT
AND ARCHITECTURE Unit

Planning and Time-Saver Standards series a

presents in its
comprehensive study of the basic essentials in
the design of hotel bedrooms and baths, by Jule
Robert von Sternberg. The data sets forth sizes
for the most economical planning, details of
structure and maintenance, and the relation of a

room and its bath. It discusses the 5 types of

bedrooms and their individual requirements .. .

heating .. . air-conditioning . . . sound-proofing

. carpets... hardware... closet equipment...

accessories, such as radio... ice water... door

deliveries, etc. In a word, the essentials without
which no architect planning a hotel can achieve

a satisfactory and economical result.

ALSO IN THE NOVEMBER ISSUE OF AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS FOR ARCHITECTURAL OVERTONES: Old A fine example of a one-story factory,

PUBLIC BUILDINGS: By the Hon. and important monuments of Peiping. with more than adequate fenestration.
Otha D. Wearin, U. S. Representa- _— — . DISTRIBUTING WAREHOUSE: Newark.
tive from lowa, member of the PARIS FAIR: _ ae lalbot Hamlin ol Frank Grad & Son, architect. Well
Ways and Means Committee, one Columbia University. A critique, x : sabe ;

of the few men in government who
has intelligently concerned himself
with architecture and architects.

SYMPOSIUM ON THE WAGNER-STEA-
GALL BILL: Articles by the Hon.
Langdon Post, Director of the New
York Housing Authority; Clarence

illustrated by excellent photographs
and sketches, of a tremendously sig-
nificant architectural influence.

FLORIST SHOP: Los Angeles. Mor-
gan, Wells, and Clement, architects.
Modernism combined with Georgian
tradition.

studied for storage, shipping and light.
CHICAGO DISTRICT POLICE STATION:
Paul Gerhardt, Jr., architect. A fine
example of a branch station adaptable
for use in a smaller city.

CRIMINAL COURT AND JAIL: Knox-
ville, Tenn. Frank O. Barber, archi-

tect. A recent example of combina-
Stein, long prominent as a hous- PORTFOLIO: Entrance door side- tion criminal court and jail.
ing specialist; Albert Mayer, for- lights.

merly associated with the Resettle-
ment Administration; and others who
have made this great need their first
concern.

FAVORITE FEATURES: Garage doors.

AMERICAN TWIST DRILL BUILDING:
Detroit. Clare W. Ditchy, architect.

SIX RESIDENCES in various parts of the
United States, ranging from a year-
around house to ocean-front week-end
house; and from fieldstone to wood
siding.

128

Don’t Miss the November

AMERICAN ARCHITECT
AND ARCHITECTURE

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE,

Issue of

OCTOBER

1937

+44 SeBEE:. a?

a

OT by chance are designers of smartly modern homes
N choosing Azrock for floor coverings. So well adapted to
modern trends in design is Azrock that it is the natural choice
of alert architects and home builders. Azrock's wide array of
colors and sizes is an inspiration to the creation of beautiful floor
patterns and color themes that harmonize perfectly with any
interior.

The beauty of Azrock floors remains through years of constant
usage . . . a source of continuing pride to architect and home-
owner alike. For Azrock is tough to resist constant wear, its gentle
resilience protects the tile from attempted imprints and the colors
penetrate the entire thickness for permanence. Fire-resistant,
Azrock cannot be harmed by carelessly dropped cigars and
cigarettes; moisture proof, it can be laid on sub floors below
grade without expensive waterproofing.

Azrock is now micro-cut by a new exclusive process which
permits smoother, tighter joints than ever before possible in
mastic tile. Azrock can be laid equally as well over old floors as
over new. That's why Azrock is the frequent choice of architects
when there's modernization work to be done.

CA ILE

Write to Uvalde Rock Asphalt Co.,
OTHER AZROCK PRODUCTS:

San Antonio, Texas, for name of your

INDUSTRIAL TILE PLANKTILE nearest distributing contractor or any

other Asrock information you desire.
ATT EN RI RR ee
AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1237 129

XUM

itil

MITT RILiii
NU LUTTE

|'INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
This index is an editorial feature, maintained for the convenience
a of readers. It is not a part of the Advertisers’ contract and
American Architect and Architecture assumes no_ responsibility

for its correctness.
American Brass Co. The....ii.ccccccsccscces Second Cover
‘ I, I oe ks cw hiece cw ease erdecweihicauis 10

fe ee 2 103

; PURIOONE WHITE Te CORBI Ok. og oon ciccncdncccccees 104, 105

PS I 6 occ snk dno cub cee biacise oe seeeeee 13

P yerae Arrow-Hart & Hegeman Electric Co., The............ 22
SS ne ee 99

RNY NII NOI ns oo onda ks cea cloeeiscerioscees 106

Byers Co., A. M SOSH OOOO CE HE OOS eS SEE OO® TrrCrerT. tT 2

fooniere ON oa feo” Oe) ee ee re 103
: RT eee On ee dd ecw a manne hhea aes 117

Le | eense | Columbia Mills, Inc, The............00ccceeecceeeess 124
eg oo dca le wine oic-c ase Wikre ee > gama ee 103

|

!
ves7.Eclos
i

Delco Frigidaire Conditioning Div., General Motor Sales

SE Gras dawnt COe SSAA SARE EO SNE ew EaO 1]
. ’ EE CER 6S cass haendeseaawienscnwdan 112
ees See eo a Oa | ]
og 2 | eee 123
yl : eee ee 6, 7
e Ge re ee rn ee ner 18, 101
PROC COCCI ClO, TRG. cicc secede cccdes cee Third Cover
PIR i NM, aio digi 000d 0:66 10-506! 6,09 5 2/slne 50% 120
— Remsen (Coie StOra@e TOOT TG... os bse ds ncees cic on 118
POMHDEEIIENE oh uccsssewhcccwnsrcosiccavsencs Dp PiGy LOM
The time and expense of making ink tracings ;
are not in keeping with the present day demand , . ‘
: NINE MINI gg kk a icg nla kant mn pre ou cakaeawie 21
or speed. ’ GRE POOR WONG HOO, TU o cis ca eck ccc es esewasees cues 130
Improvements in tracing cloth and paper, the
< of which take a pencil stroke perfectly, Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.............2.00.: Back Cover
allows for clear, sharp blueprints to be made a ae lend 118
from original pencil tracings. This, of course, Eames Ase Promncts Co. TRC occ ic cesses ccccescwees i)
provided the proper pencil is used. Lone Star Cement Corp Pee Tata tat aits) criet arti siesta tare ave nieee 114
Important factors which decide what proper- RAGIN VIREO AGRIORE OO, BBG 6.55 os. sis.s. 0:00 neisisie sie aniediores a 121
ties a pencil should possess to “cover,” are the
regular distribution and close stratification of Medusa Portland Cement Co.............2sesesceeees 17
graphite particles. These depend first of all upon Milcor Steel Co.......+sseeeeeceeeeeeee sees esse eeees 132
the size to which the graphite particles are Serra Pate i 20
ground and also upon the shape of these parti- National Terrazzo and Mosaic Association, The........ 111
cles. The resulting fine layer of graphite provides National Tube Co............ceeeeeeeseeececeeeeeees 103
an opaque, light impervious penci lene ¢ 1rough mrereon SOObR, “PWC FICHHR. osc cece cece bc ce ec ewes 14, 15
which arc light rays cannot penetrate and from
which a clear, sharp print may be made. OS a ee 4
te > es > aol: . . e r The
The problem of correct size and shape of the — he aewoage Company, The.......-+++..ssseee- oo
graphite particles for this particular purpose was reece ee See NE REA Ae TN Nee
solved in a practical way by L. & C. Hardtmuth. 7 .
Koh-I-Noor Drawing Pencils, for years the ated gd 3 Brass, Se ie aac es anc lars boas eos 108, 109
choice of discriminating draftsmen, contain no a re re te a eee NR ASS Sh ERSE IRS sa
dye, and produce perfect pencil tracings which ,
‘ss ” - “ardace Torks ?
may be “fixed” to prevent rubbing without re- Samson Cordage Works...........ssssesceeceeceeeees 122
" ‘ c a 119
ducing the reproduction value. Choose a_suit- Sedgwick Machine Works............0.c00cceeeceeees 126
able degree for the paper you are using and note em CIs osc c csc case vecccsscnssncsess 24
the improved result of your blueprints. Smyser-Royer Reig, MR arei0is Wavera: Sida Ass) d a.a hs os eyes +e
S “r Nae SUNOINNIN Loi ow canoe ae mame dbo 5 baciawiales 22
Leaflet P. 135 gives interesting data on this ae Came: : omens 125
process together with hints on the choice of Staediter “om ] S POU NtNAG Ome ir kl Ad, 122
degrees. We shall be glad to mail you a copy = : NUE pe tO eer Ce ag LI ‘il
together with our latest illustrated catalog.
Bt ee Gs Oo ee 9
KK ig )( | Ute Simbes Gyan Go... kc cs ccccccseccccces 107, 127
BR 2 a 103
. 10h) J, (007 {2 11C 1 (Ompanny: Jc. | Uvalde Rock Asphalt Co...........0.0.c0cec cesses 129
bs }
373 s Fourth lvewue, J (omy Hork | oe ae a, Co ea 126
130 AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

GIV

OR 10 YEARS, Johns-Manville has said: ‘‘Rock

Woolisa permanently efficient insulation for homes.”’
Now a comprehensive report, based on opening up the
walls of 90 Johns-Manville Rock Wool Insulated Homes
and witnessed by nationally known authorities, proves
this assertion beyond all doubt. You owe it to yourself
and your clients to send for a copy today.

Actually, we did more than “‘X-ray”’ these 90 houses
—we performed a major operation on them. And as
a result, this report reveals exactly what goes on in
the walls of a house when insulated with rock wool
to full wall thickness.

The report tells the interesting story of the J-M labo-
ratory tests and then shows how they were confirmed in

“X-RAYED" HOUSES

P THAT
JOHNS-MANVILLE ROCK WOOL

IS A PERMANENTLY EFFICIENT INSULATION

the field study. It shows how we found, on opening the
walls, that after one to ten years of service, the rock
wool was in the same condition as when it was applied
... the framing woodwork bright and clean.

The report, the result of months of preparation, is now
on the press and will be ready about October 15th. It dis-
cusses the practical requirements of a good insulating
material for houses and shows how perfectly J-M Rock
Wool fills these requirements. It gives definite reasons why
you can recommend Johns-Manville Rock Wool to your
clients with perfect confidence, that it is ‘‘sound as a nut”’
and will bring them the maximum degree of year-round
comfort and fuel savings. Send for
a copy today.

—

HOW WE CHECKED: 90 houses in northern United States
were selected at random. In the presence of impartial engi-
neers, whose reputation and professional knowledge was
beyond question, we opened the walls as illustrated above.
The rock wool and the framework of the house were minute-
ly examined. Samples of the wool itself were sent to the
Johns-Manville laboratory for test and analysis.

WHAT WE FOUND:
Complete details of
the condition of rock
wool insulation and
framing timbers in all 90
houses examined are in-
cluded in this interesting
report. All facts have been
checked and verified by
impartial observers of un-
questioned integrity.

SEND FOR THE FACTS

JOHNS-MANVILLE, 22 E. 40th St., N. Y. C.
As soon as it is off the press, please send me your Per-
formance Report of the Physical Condition of J-M Rock Wool

After From 1 to 10 Years’ Service in the Walls of 90 Houses.
Name
Address ——
City — State
AA-lf

™ JOHNS-MANVILLE some insucation

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937 131

-. eit pays to BASE THEM on STEEL

with M7LCOR 5 products

HE enduring beauty of plaster surfaces is a basic factor in the
owner's appreciation of your work as a designer. You are sure
of it when plaster is based on steel — with Milcor products which
are engineered by one staff to meet every conceivable need in

you a strongly reinforced, firesafe wall secure against cracking N)
ny

ARV

every type of building. The Milcor system of construction gives i

i
ANY

MILCOR Corner Bead
Patent Mo. 1 2

and chipping. The plaster is locked in the rigid grip of steel fingers

that absorb stress and strain. It is protected with attractive, prac-

CCC CCST CC CTE SeT eee eee

TOT
structure. Refer to the Milcor Manual in Sweet's Catalog File. MUU

TTTTTTTTITT ||| ee
PUURURUULRERREEL

tical beads. It is finished with metal trim that unifies the whole

MILCOR, STEEL, COMPANY
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN O79 iO). ne); 810)
Chicago, Ill. Kansas City, Mo. La Crosse, Wis.

(EC) MILCOR Stay-Rib Loth

AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND ARCHITECTURE, OCTOBER 1937

XUM

OFFHAND...

CAN YOU ANSWER THESE
QUESTIONS?
What simple equipment puts luxury
heating in the low-cost bracket?
Under what conditions is residen-
tial air-conditioning most successful?

Between various heating systems,
how do costs compare after 3 years
—after 12 years?

How can “Arctic Zones” be avoided?
What method will furnish domestic
hot water at least cost?

You'll find the answers in Hoffman's
“Viewed from Every Angle”

A presentation of facts brought to

heating methods, costs and results.

In the welter of conflicting claims for various heating methods, it is
not surprising that a degree of confusion should exist.

Vague generalities {sometimes glittering} have supplanted concrete
facts. Even the question of ultimate cost, for example, has never been
settled with definite, provable figures. Until today—

Today you have available the results of a searching survey of heat-
ing system cost and desirability, sponsored and published in booklet
form by the Hoffman Specialty Company. It presents a mass of evi-
dence which may entirely revise your ideas of residential heating.

As a member of a profession whose judgment is completely relied
upon by its clients, you should read this booklet ““Viewed from Every
Angle” for a true picture of modern heating. A copy will be sent to
you upon request. Use the coupon.

Peeenne nnn nn ww www ww oo ee eo ow ee ee =
1

Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc.
Dept. AA-10,Waterbury, Conn.
Send me a copy of “Viewed from Every Angle.”

SPECIALTY CO. INC.

WATERBURY, CONN.
Healing Specialities.

Sold everywhere by leading wholesalers of Heating and Plu 1g equip

The Quality Line of

ee

cities

r--------

be, “ny

light in a survey of comparative

Slew D

STORE FRONT CONSTRUCTION

LIBBEY - OWENS a ANNOUNCES

METAL STORE FRONT CONSTRUCTION
Featuring the Pressure-Controlled
Shock-Absorbing Sash

Extrudalite is a fundamentally new principle All pressure contacts between metal and

of store front construction and design offer- glass are automatically controlled to a pre-

ing outstanding advantages hitherto unob- determined degree and constant pressure is

tainable. Extrudalite’s patented sash construc- maintained through spring cushioning. Com-

tion definitely minimizes plate.glass breakage. __ plete information will be furnished on request.

tie Adee ed ee